（3）Unit 3 War and peace—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修三期末易错题集训学案（含解析）
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（3）Unit 3 War and peace—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修三期末易错题集训
主谓一致
一、名词作主语时的主谓一致
1. 形式上是单数，而意义上却是复数的名词people，police，cattle等作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式。
The police are searching for the missing child.
警方正在搜寻失踪的孩子。
2. 只有复数形式的名词goods，clothes，remains等作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式。
The goods in this store are of high quality.
这家商店的商品质量很好。
3. 表示由两部分构成的成双成套的名词glasses，trousers，shoes，scissors，gloves等作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式。
这类名词前若有pair of，type of等修饰时，谓语动词根据量词的单复数而定。
Two pairs of scissors are needed for the art project.
这个美术项目需要两把剪刀。
4. 集体名词crowd，family，team，group，government，committee，class，union，firm，staff，public等作主语，谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式，强调各个成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。
The committee has made its decision. (强调整体)
委员会已作出决定。
The committee members are arguing about the plan. (强调成员)
委员会成员在争论这个计划。
5. clothing，furniture，baggage/luggage，scenery，jewellery，equipment等不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
The furniture in this room is made of solid wood.
这个房间的家具是实木做的。
6. 单复数同形的名词means，sheep，deer等作主语，根据其表达的单复数的意义确定谓语动词的单复数。
Every means has been tried to solve the problem. (单数)
为解决这个问题，所有方法都试过了。
Three sheep are grazing on the hillside. (复数)
三只羊在山坡上吃草。
二、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致
1.主语由and或both...and连接，谓语动词用复数
Both Tom and Lily are fond of playing the piano.
汤姆和莉莉都喜欢弹钢琴。
2.主语由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接，主谓一致采取就近原则
Neither the students nor the teacher is satisfied with the result.
学生和老师都对结果不满意。
(1)由and连接的并列单数主语前若有no，each，many a，every等修饰，谓语动词要用单数。
Many a boy and (many a) girl has participated in the competition.
许多男孩和女孩都参加了比赛。
(2)当and连接的两个名词指同一个人同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词要用单数。
The singer and dancer is performing on stage. (同一人，dancer 前无冠词)
那位歌手兼舞者正在舞台上表演。
易错题
一、句子填空
1.Not only the students but also the teacher ______ (invite) yesterday.
2.Just the opposite, I think that Truman, rather than you, ______ (be) to blame.
3.Last night, the old couple’s luggage ______ (steal) by a thief when they were sleeping.
4.To go to bed early and get up early______ (make) a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
5.The house, together with all the man’s possessions in it, ______ (wash) away by the storm, and he becomes homeless and poor.
6.I prefer to go to the mall near the post office, because the furniture there ______ (be) much cheaper.
7.The writer, along with his family members, ______ (visit) a lot of villages in the last two months.
8.Neither my parents nor my younger sister______ (be) at home today.
9.Either you or I ______ (be) going to the teacher’s office after class.
10.The audience ______ (be) so large that every seat was taken in the hall.
二、阅读理解
In the vast expanse of space, a new and growing problem is emerging-space debris, also known as space junk. Over the past few decades, as space exploration and satellite deployment have increased more and more, the amount of debris orbiting the Earth has reached astonishing levels. This debris consists of defunct satellites, spent rocket stages, and fragments from collisions (碰撞), all rushing through space at extremely high speeds.
The presence of space debris poses a serious threat to operational satellites and future space missions. Even a small piece of debris, traveling at orbital speeds of up to 17,500 miles per hour, can cause catastrophic damage to a satellite upon impact. The risk of collisions is further complicated by the fact that tracking and predicting the trajectories (轨道) of these debris pieces accurately is extremely challenging due to their large numbers and constantly changing orbits.
To address this issue, scientists and engineers around the world are exploring various innovative solutions for space debris removal. One such approach is the use of robotic spacecraft equipped with advanced capture mechanisms. These spacecraft could be sent to stop and capture debris, either bringing them back to Earth to burn up in the atmosphere or de-orbiting them safely to a graveyard orbit away from the main orbital paths. Another promising concept is the use of laser-based systems. High-power lasers on Earth or in space could be used to push debris into safer orbits or vaporize smaller pieces.
However, implementing these solutions is not without its difficulties. The high cost of developing and launching debris-removal spacecraft, as well as the complex legal and international cooperation issues surrounding space debris management, are significant barriers. Additionally, there are concerns about the potential for creating more debris during the debris-removal process itself.
Despite these challenges, the need to clean up space debris is becoming increasingly urgent. As more countries and private companies plan to launch satellites for various applications, including communication, Earth observation, and scientific research, the risk of collisions and the degradation of the space environment will only increase if the debris problem is not addressed immediately.
1. The underlined word “defunct” in the first paragraph probably means _______.
A. newly-launched B. functioning
C. inactive D. highly-advanced
2. Why is space debris a serious threat to satellites
A. It moves very fast and can cause great damage.
B. It is difficult to track and predict its trajectory.
C. It is constantly increasing in large numbers.
D. It can disturb the communication of satellites.
3. What are the difficulties in implementing space debris removal solutions
A. The lack of advanced technology and the unwillingness of countries to cooperate.
B. The high cost, complex legal issues, and potential for creating more debris.
C. The inefficiency of current debris-removal methods and the shortage of funds.
D. The large size of space debris and the difficulty in stopping and capturing it.
4. What is the main idea of the text
A. Space debris is a new problem in space exploration.
B. Scientists have already found effective ways to remove space debris.
C. Space debris poses a threat and efforts to remove it face challenges.
D. The amount of space debris is increasing rapidly.
三、七选五
While gazing at (凝望) an airplane passing thousands of feet overhead, or when you are just about to board a flight at the airport, have you ever noticed that the vast majority of airplanes are white It seems a bit strange, but is there a real reason for it ①_______.
The color white is a terrific reflector of sunlight, and reflects almost all the light that falls on it, unlike other colors, which absorb some of the light. ②_______, it will absorb sunlight and heat up the body of the airplane, which is something you want to avoid. White, on the other hand, reflects that sunlight and avoids the gradual build-up of heat on the plane.
③_______. In terms of money, painting an airplane is not like painting a fence. It requires a considerable investment. Painting a regular Airbus takes between two and seven days, depending on your budget. Plus, more paint on the fuselage (机身) means more overall weight, which will translate to higher operating cost.
You see, the end goal of an airline company is to minimize the cost as much as possible. Buying a colored airplane would mean that they would likely have to paint it white, for the various reasons mentioned above. ④_______. Thus, colored airplanes have lower resale value.
Finally, if there’s no problem with the existing white color, then why bother fixing it at all ⑤_______.
A. White doesn’t fade
B. Painting is expensive
C. When your airplane is in flight
D. If you paint your airplane in a color other than white
E. Commercial planes are generally white because of the following reasons
F. As shown above, the white color does have its benefits — both scientific and economical
G. So it makes perfect sense that the company would pay a lower price for colored airplanes
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：was invited
解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：昨天不仅学生们被邀请了，老师也被邀请了。根据yesterday可知，句子应用一般过去时，主语students和teacher与invite之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态；not only...but also...并列两个名词作主语时，适用就近原则，即谓语动词的形式和最近的主语保持一致，本句和teacher保持一致，故谓语动词用单数形式。故填was invited。
2.答案：is
解析：这里考查主谓一致。句子的主语是 Truman，rather than you 是插入语，不影响主语的单复数，所以谓语动词要根据 Truman 来确定，Truman 是第三人称单数，且句子描述的是一般情况，故填 is。
3.答案：was stolen
解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:昨晚,这对老夫妇睡觉的时候,他们的行李被一个小偷偷走了。根据时间状语Last night可知应用一般过去时,luggage为不可数名词,与steal之间为被动关系,故填was stolen。
4.答案：makes
解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,设空处作谓语,两个或两个以上由and连接的不定式(短语)作主语时,如果表述的语义一致(一个概念),谓语动词用单数,该句中“To go to bed early and get up early”作主语,意为“早睡早起”,表示一个概念,谓语动词用单数,故填makes。
5.答案：has been washed
解析：句意为:房子和房子里的所有财产都被暴风雨冲走了,他变得无家可归,一贫如洗。分析句子可知,设空处是谓诸动词,句子主语为The house,与动词wash之间是被动关系,同时句子表示动作发生在过去,且对现在有影响,故使用现在完成时的被动语态;当主语后有 together with引起的短语时,谓语动词的单复数应与主语保持一致,本句主语是The house,助动词应用has。故填 has been washed。
6.答案：is
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意:我更喜欢去邮局附近的购物中心,因为那里的家具便宜得多。根据主句中的谓语动词prefer并结合语境可知此处应用一般现在时。furniture为不可数名词,因此谓语动词用单数形式,故填is。
7.答案：has visited
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的两个月里,这位作家与他的家庭成员一起拜访了很多村子。由时间状语"in the last two months"可知,此处应用现在完成时;主语为"The writer, along with his family members",谓语动词的数应与The writer保持一致,要用单数形式,故填 has visited。
8.答案：is
解析：考查时态及主谓一致。句意:今天我父母和我妹妹都不在家。neither ... nor..连接两个主语时,谓语动词的单复数应遵循“就近原则”,即谓语动词在人称和数上和较近的主语保持一致。根据时间状语 today可知此处应用一般现在时;根据空前的my younger sister可知,此处应用第三人称单数形式。故填is。
9.答案：am
解析：句意:不是你就是我下课后要去老师的办公室。either... or...连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词遵循就近一致原则,即与I保持一致,故填am。
10.答案：was
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意:观众如此多,以至于大厅里所有座位都坐满了。根据从句的时态并结合语境可知用一般过去时;audience在此句中视为一个整体,表示单数意义,故填was。
二、
1.答案：C
解析：词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Over the past few decades, as space exploration and satellite deployment have increased more and more, the amount of debris orbiting the Earth has reached astonishing levels. This debris consists of defunct satellites, spent rocket stages, and fragments from collisions (碰撞), all rushing through space at extremely high speeds. (在过去的几十年里，随着太空探索和卫星部署越来越多，环绕地球的碎片数量达到了惊人的水平。这些碎片由defunct卫星、用过的火箭级和碰撞产生的碎片组成，它们都以极快的速度在太空中穿梭。)”可知，这些碎片是没有用的东西，defunct意思是“不工作的，失去作用的”，与inactive“不活动的，不起作用的”意思相近。故选C。
2.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Even a small piece of debris, traveling at orbital speeds of up to 17,500 miles per hour, can cause catastrophic damage to a satellite upon impact. (即使是一小块碎片，以高达每小时 17500 英里的轨道速度运行，在撞击时也会对卫星造成灾难性的破坏。)”可知，太空碎片对卫星是严重威胁是因为它移动速度非常快并且能造成巨大的破坏。故选A。
3.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“The high cost of developing and launching debris-removal spacecraft, as well as the complex legal and international cooperation issues surrounding space debris management, are significant barriers. Additionally, there are concerns about the potential for creating more debris during the debris-removal process itself. (开发和发射清除碎片的航天器的高成本，以及围绕太空碎片管理的复杂法律和国际合作问题，都是重大障碍。此外，人们还担心在碎片清除过程本身可能会产生更多的碎片。)”可知，实施太空碎片清除解决方案的困难在于高成本、复杂的法律问题以及可能产生更多碎片。故选B。
4.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段中“The presence of space debris poses a serious threat to operational satellites and future space missions. (太空碎片的存在对正在运行的卫星以及未来的太空任务构成了严重威胁。)”和第三段中“To address this issue, scientists and engineers around the world are exploring various innovative solutions for space debris removal. (为了解决这一问题，世界各地的科学家和工程师们正在探索各种创新的太空碎片清除解决方案。)”可知，文章的主要内容是太空碎片构成威胁且清除它的努力面临挑战。故选C。
三、
答案：EDBGF
解析：①细节理解题。由上文While gazing at (凝望) an airplane passing thousands of feet overhead, or when you are just about to board a flight at the airport, have you ever noticed that the vast majority of airplanes are white It seems a bit strange, but is there a real reason for it (当你凝视着一架从数千英尺高空飞过的飞机,或者当你正要在机场登机时,你是否注意到绝大多数飞机都是白色的 这似乎有点奇怪,但有什么真正的原因吗 )可知,上文主要就为什么飞机是白色的提出疑问。E项Commercial planes are generally white because of the following reasons (商用飞机通常是白色的,原因如下)符合语境。故选E。
②推理判断题。由上文The color white is a terrific reflector of sunlight, and reflects almost all the light that falls on it, unlike other colors, which absorb some of the light.(白色是一种极好的阳光反射器,它几乎能反射掉落在上面的所有光线,不像其他颜色那样,其他颜色会吸收一些光线)和下文it will absorb sunlight and heat up the body of the airplane, which is something you want to avoid.(它会吸收阳光并加热机身,这是你要避免的)可知,白色会反光,其他颜色会吸收阳光,这是需要避免的。D项If you paint your airplane in a color other than white (如果你把飞机漆成白色以外的颜色)符合语境。故选D。
③段落大意题。由下文In terms of money, painting an airplane is not like painting a fence. It requires a considerable investment. Painting a regular Airbus takes between two and seven days, depending on your budget. Plus, more paint on the fuselage (机身) means more overall weight, which will translate to higher operating cost.(有些人认为文物保护应该让位于经济上的金钱,画飞机不像画篱笆。这需要大量投资。根据您的预算,为常规空中客车喷漆需要两到七天的时间。此外,机身上的油漆越多,意味着总重量越大,这将导致运营成本越高)可知,这段主要讲给飞机上漆成本很大。B项Painting is expensive (油漆很贵)符合语境。故选B。
④细节理解题。由上文Buying a colored airplane would mean that they would likely have to paint it white, for the various reasons mentioned above.(出于上述各种原因,购买彩色飞机意味着他们可能不得不将飞机漆成白色)可知,买其他颜色的飞机又要漆白,这会导致成本增加。G项So it makes perfect sense that the company would pay a lower price for colored airplanes (因此,该公司将为彩色飞机支付更低的价格是完全合理的)符合语境。故选G。
⑤推理判断题。由上文Finally, if there's no problem with the existing white color, then why bother fixing it at all (最后,如果现有的白色没有问题,那么为什么还要费心修复它呢 )以及结合全文可知,飞机被漆为白色在科学方面可以减少对热的吸收,经济方面可以节约成本。F项As shown above, the white color does have its benefits — both scientific and economical (如上所示,白色确实有它的好处—既科学又经济)符合语境。故选F。
主谓一致
一、名词作主语时的主谓一致
1. 形式上是单数，而意义上却是复数的名词people，police，cattle等作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式。
The police are searching for the missing child.
警方正在搜寻失踪的孩子。
2. 只有复数形式的名词goods，clothes，remains等作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式。
The goods in this store are of high quality.
这家商店的商品质量很好。
3. 表示由两部分构成的成双成套的名词glasses，trousers，shoes，scissors，gloves等作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式。
这类名词前若有pair of，type of等修饰时，谓语动词根据量词的单复数而定。
Two pairs of scissors are needed for the art project.
这个美术项目需要两把剪刀。
4. 集体名词crowd，family，team，group，government，committee，class，union，firm，staff，public等作主语，谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式，强调各个成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。
The committee has made its decision. (强调整体)
委员会已作出决定。
The committee members are arguing about the plan. (强调成员)
委员会成员在争论这个计划。
5. clothing，furniture，baggage/luggage，scenery，jewellery，equipment等不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
The furniture in this room is made of solid wood.
这个房间的家具是实木做的。
6. 单复数同形的名词means，sheep，deer等作主语，根据其表达的单复数的意义确定谓语动词的单复数。
Every means has been tried to solve the problem. (单数)
为解决这个问题，所有方法都试过了。
Three sheep are grazing on the hillside. (复数)
三只羊在山坡上吃草。
二、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致
1.主语由and或both...and连接，谓语动词用复数
Both Tom and Lily are fond of playing the piano.
汤姆和莉莉都喜欢弹钢琴。
2.主语由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接，主谓一致采取就近原则
Neither the students nor the teacher is satisfied with the result.
学生和老师都对结果不满意。
(1)由and连接的并列单数主语前若有no，each，many a，every等修饰，谓语动词要用单数。
Many a boy and (many a) girl has participated in the competition.
许多男孩和女孩都参加了比赛。
(2)当and连接的两个名词指同一个人同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词要用单数。
The singer and dancer is performing on stage. (同一人，dancer 前无冠词)
那位歌手兼舞者正在舞台上表演。
易错题
一、句子填空
1.Not only the students but also the teacher ______ (invite) yesterday.
2.Just the opposite, I think that Truman, rather than you, ______ (be) to blame.
3.Last night, the old couple’s luggage ______ (steal) by a thief when they were sleeping.
4.To go to bed early and get up early______ (make) a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
5.The house, together with all the man’s possessions in it, ______ (wash) away by the storm, and he becomes homeless and poor.
6.I prefer to go to the mall near the post office, because the furniture there ______ (be) much cheaper.
7.The writer, along with his family members, ______ (visit) a lot of villages in the last two months.
8.Neither my parents nor my younger sister______ (be) at home today.
9.Either you or I ______ (be) going to the teacher’s office after class.
10.The audience ______ (be) so large that every seat was taken in the hall.
二、阅读理解
In the vast expanse of space, a new and growing problem is emerging-space debris, also known as space junk. Over the past few decades, as space exploration and satellite deployment have increased more and more, the amount of debris orbiting the Earth has reached astonishing levels. This debris consists of defunct satellites, spent rocket stages, and fragments from collisions (碰撞), all rushing through space at extremely high speeds.
The presence of space debris poses a serious threat to operational satellites and future space missions. Even a small piece of debris, traveling at orbital speeds of up to 17,500 miles per hour, can cause catastrophic damage to a satellite upon impact. The risk of collisions is further complicated by the fact that tracking and predicting the trajectories (轨道) of these debris pieces accurately is extremely challenging due to their large numbers and constantly changing orbits.
To address this issue, scientists and engineers around the world are exploring various innovative solutions for space debris removal. One such approach is the use of robotic spacecraft equipped with advanced capture mechanisms. These spacecraft could be sent to stop and capture debris, either bringing them back to Earth to burn up in the atmosphere or de-orbiting them safely to a graveyard orbit away from the main orbital paths. Another promising concept is the use of laser-based systems. High-power lasers on Earth or in space could be used to push debris into safer orbits or vaporize smaller pieces.
However, implementing these solutions is not without its difficulties. The high cost of developing and launching debris-removal spacecraft, as well as the complex legal and international cooperation issues surrounding space debris management, are significant barriers. Additionally, there are concerns about the potential for creating more debris during the debris-removal process itself.
Despite these challenges, the need to clean up space debris is becoming increasingly urgent. As more countries and private companies plan to launch satellites for various applications, including communication, Earth observation, and scientific research, the risk of collisions and the degradation of the space environment will only increase if the debris problem is not addressed immediately.
1. The underlined word “defunct” in the first paragraph probably means _______.
A. newly-launched B. functioning
C. inactive D. highly-advanced
2. Why is space debris a serious threat to satellites
A. It moves very fast and can cause great damage.
B. It is difficult to track and predict its trajectory.
C. It is constantly increasing in large numbers.
D. It can disturb the communication of satellites.
3. What are the difficulties in implementing space debris removal solutions
A. The lack of advanced technology and the unwillingness of countries to cooperate.
B. The high cost, complex legal issues, and potential for creating more debris.
C. The inefficiency of current debris-removal methods and the shortage of funds.
D. The large size of space debris and the difficulty in stopping and capturing it.
4. What is the main idea of the text
A. Space debris is a new problem in space exploration.
B. Scientists have already found effective ways to remove space debris.
C. Space debris poses a threat and efforts to remove it face challenges.
D. The amount of space debris is increasing rapidly.
三、七选五
While gazing at (凝望) an airplane passing thousands of feet overhead, or when you are just about to board a flight at the airport, have you ever noticed that the vast majority of airplanes are white It seems a bit strange, but is there a real reason for it ①_______.
The color white is a terrific reflector of sunlight, and reflects almost all the light that falls on it, unlike other colors, which absorb some of the light. ②_______, it will absorb sunlight and heat up the body of the airplane, which is something you want to avoid. White, on the other hand, reflects that sunlight and avoids the gradual build-up of heat on the plane.
③_______. In terms of money, painting an airplane is not like painting a fence. It requires a considerable investment. Painting a regular Airbus takes between two and seven days, depending on your budget. Plus, more paint on the fuselage (机身) means more overall weight, which will translate to higher operating cost.
You see, the end goal of an airline company is to minimize the cost as much as possible. Buying a colored airplane would mean that they would likely have to paint it white, for the various reasons mentioned above. ④_______. Thus, colored airplanes have lower resale value.
Finally, if there’s no problem with the existing white color, then why bother fixing it at all ⑤_______.
A. White doesn’t fade
B. Painting is expensive
C. When your airplane is in flight
D. If you paint your airplane in a color other than white
E. Commercial planes are generally white because of the following reasons
F. As shown above, the white color does have its benefits — both scientific and economical
G. So it makes perfect sense that the company would pay a lower price for colored airplanes
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：was invited
解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：昨天不仅学生们被邀请了，老师也被邀请了。根据yesterday可知，句子应用一般过去时，主语students和teacher与invite之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态；not only...but also...并列两个名词作主语时，适用就近原则，即谓语动词的形式和最近的主语保持一致，本句和teacher保持一致，故谓语动词用单数形式。故填was invited。
2.答案：is
解析：这里考查主谓一致。句子的主语是 Truman，rather than you 是插入语，不影响主语的单复数，所以谓语动词要根据 Truman 来确定，Truman 是第三人称单数，且句子描述的是一般情况，故填 is。
3.答案：was stolen
解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:昨晚,这对老夫妇睡觉的时候,他们的行李被一个小偷偷走了。根据时间状语Last night可知应用一般过去时,luggage为不可数名词,与steal之间为被动关系,故填was stolen。
4.答案：makes
解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,设空处作谓语,两个或两个以上由and连接的不定式(短语)作主语时,如果表述的语义一致(一个概念),谓语动词用单数,该句中“To go to bed early and get up early”作主语,意为“早睡早起”,表示一个概念,谓语动词用单数,故填makes。
5.答案：has been washed
解析：句意为:房子和房子里的所有财产都被暴风雨冲走了,他变得无家可归,一贫如洗。分析句子可知,设空处是谓诸动词,句子主语为The house,与动词wash之间是被动关系,同时句子表示动作发生在过去,且对现在有影响,故使用现在完成时的被动语态;当主语后有 together with引起的短语时,谓语动词的单复数应与主语保持一致,本句主语是The house,助动词应用has。故填 has been washed。
6.答案：is
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意:我更喜欢去邮局附近的购物中心,因为那里的家具便宜得多。根据主句中的谓语动词prefer并结合语境可知此处应用一般现在时。furniture为不可数名词,因此谓语动词用单数形式,故填is。
7.答案：has visited
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的两个月里,这位作家与他的家庭成员一起拜访了很多村子。由时间状语"in the last two months"可知,此处应用现在完成时;主语为"The writer, along with his family members",谓语动词的数应与The writer保持一致,要用单数形式,故填 has visited。
8.答案：is
解析：考查时态及主谓一致。句意:今天我父母和我妹妹都不在家。neither ... nor..连接两个主语时,谓语动词的单复数应遵循“就近原则”,即谓语动词在人称和数上和较近的主语保持一致。根据时间状语 today可知此处应用一般现在时;根据空前的my younger sister可知,此处应用第三人称单数形式。故填is。
9.答案：am
解析：句意:不是你就是我下课后要去老师的办公室。either... or...连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词遵循就近一致原则,即与I保持一致,故填am。
10.答案：was
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意:观众如此多,以至于大厅里所有座位都坐满了。根据从句的时态并结合语境可知用一般过去时;audience在此句中视为一个整体,表示单数意义,故填was。
二、
1.答案：C
解析：词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Over the past few decades, as space exploration and satellite deployment have increased more and more, the amount of debris orbiting the Earth has reached astonishing levels. This debris consists of defunct satellites, spent rocket stages, and fragments from collisions (碰撞), all rushing through space at extremely high speeds. (在过去的几十年里，随着太空探索和卫星部署越来越多，环绕地球的碎片数量达到了惊人的水平。这些碎片由defunct卫星、用过的火箭级和碰撞产生的碎片组成，它们都以极快的速度在太空中穿梭。)”可知，这些碎片是没有用的东西，defunct意思是“不工作的，失去作用的”，与inactive“不活动的，不起作用的”意思相近。故选C。
2.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Even a small piece of debris, traveling at orbital speeds of up to 17,500 miles per hour, can cause catastrophic damage to a satellite upon impact. (即使是一小块碎片，以高达每小时 17500 英里的轨道速度运行，在撞击时也会对卫星造成灾难性的破坏。)”可知，太空碎片对卫星是严重威胁是因为它移动速度非常快并且能造成巨大的破坏。故选A。
3.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“The high cost of developing and launching debris-removal spacecraft, as well as the complex legal and international cooperation issues surrounding space debris management, are significant barriers. Additionally, there are concerns about the potential for creating more debris during the debris-removal process itself. (开发和发射清除碎片的航天器的高成本，以及围绕太空碎片管理的复杂法律和国际合作问题，都是重大障碍。此外，人们还担心在碎片清除过程本身可能会产生更多的碎片。)”可知，实施太空碎片清除解决方案的困难在于高成本、复杂的法律问题以及可能产生更多碎片。故选B。
4.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段中“The presence of space debris poses a serious threat to operational satellites and future space missions. (太空碎片的存在对正在运行的卫星以及未来的太空任务构成了严重威胁。)”和第三段中“To address this issue, scientists and engineers around the world are exploring various innovative solutions for space debris removal. (为了解决这一问题，世界各地的科学家和工程师们正在探索各种创新的太空碎片清除解决方案。)”可知，文章的主要内容是太空碎片构成威胁且清除它的努力面临挑战。故选C。
三、
答案：EDBGF
解析：①细节理解题。由上文While gazing at (凝望) an airplane passing thousands of feet overhead, or when you are just about to board a flight at the airport, have you ever noticed that the vast majority of airplanes are white It seems a bit strange, but is there a real reason for it (当你凝视着一架从数千英尺高空飞过的飞机,或者当你正要在机场登机时,你是否注意到绝大多数飞机都是白色的 这似乎有点奇怪,但有什么真正的原因吗 )可知,上文主要就为什么飞机是白色的提出疑问。E项Commercial planes are generally white because of the following reasons (商用飞机通常是白色的,原因如下)符合语境。故选E。
②推理判断题。由上文The color white is a terrific reflector of sunlight, and reflects almost all the light that falls on it, unlike other colors, which absorb some of the light.(白色是一种极好的阳光反射器,它几乎能反射掉落在上面的所有光线,不像其他颜色那样,其他颜色会吸收一些光线)和下文it will absorb sunlight and heat up the body of the airplane, which is something you want to avoid.(它会吸收阳光并加热机身,这是你要避免的)可知,白色会反光,其他颜色会吸收阳光,这是需要避免的。D项If you paint your airplane in a color other than white (如果你把飞机漆成白色以外的颜色)符合语境。故选D。
③段落大意题。由下文In terms of money, painting an airplane is not like painting a fence. It requires a considerable investment. Painting a regular Airbus takes between two and seven days, depending on your budget. Plus, more paint on the fuselage (机身) means more overall weight, which will translate to higher operating cost.(有些人认为文物保护应该让位于经济上的金钱,画飞机不像画篱笆。这需要大量投资。根据您的预算,为常规空中客车喷漆需要两到七天的时间。此外,机身上的油漆越多,意味着总重量越大,这将导致运营成本越高)可知,这段主要讲给飞机上漆成本很大。B项Painting is expensive (油漆很贵)符合语境。故选B。
④细节理解题。由上文Buying a colored airplane would mean that they would likely have to paint it white, for the various reasons mentioned above.(出于上述各种原因,购买彩色飞机意味着他们可能不得不将飞机漆成白色)可知,买其他颜色的飞机又要漆白,这会导致成本增加。G项So it makes perfect sense that the company would pay a lower price for colored airplanes (因此,该公司将为彩色飞机支付更低的价格是完全合理的)符合语境。故选G。
⑤推理判断题。由上文Finally, if there's no problem with the existing white color, then why bother fixing it at all (最后,如果现有的白色没有问题,那么为什么还要费心修复它呢 )以及结合全文可知,飞机被漆为白色在科学方面可以减少对热的吸收,经济方面可以节约成本。F项As shown above, the white color does have its benefits — both scientific and economical (如上所示,白色确实有它的好处—既科学又经济)符合语境。故选F。