（2）Unit 2 Iconic Attractions—高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册期末易错题集训学案（含解析）
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| 名称 | （2）Unit 2 Iconic Attractions—高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册期末易错题集训学案（含解析） |  | |
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（2）Unit 2 Iconic Attractions—高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册期末易错题集训
一、易错点分析
过去分词——作定语，状语，宾补和表语
(一) 过去分词作定语
1. 过去分词作定语的位置
（1）单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，但left 只作后置定语。
例：The broken vase has been thrown outside. 那个碎了的花瓶已经扔到外面去了。
注意：单个的过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, nobody 等复合不定代词或those等指示代词时，要放在这些词的后面。
例：Is there anything unfinished 还有什么没有完成吗？
（2）过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词之后，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
例：From the library I borrowed a book written by Mark Twain.
(=From the library I borrowed a book which/that was written by Mark Twain.)
我从图书馆里借了一本马克·吐温写的书。
2. 过去分词作定语的用法
（1）及物动词的过去分词作定语：被修饰词与构成过去分词的动词之间通常为逻辑上的动宾关系且表示动作已经完成，或只有被动意义。
例：Tom drank some boiled water and hurried to school.
汤姆喝了一些白开水，就匆匆忙忙朝学校赶去。（boiled表示被动和完成）
（2）不及物动词的过去分词作定语：不及物动词没有被动语态，因此作定语时只表示动作的完成，不表示被动意义，且只作前置定语。
例：When I woke up next morning, I found the ground was covered with fallen leaves.
当我第二天早上醒来时，我发现地上全是落叶。（fallen 只表示完成）
（3）形容词化的过去分词作定语：英语中某些表示感觉的动词，其过去分词形式表示"感到……的"，表示被修饰词所处的状态。
例：There was a frightened horse in the street. 街上有一匹受惊的马。
(二) 过去分词作状语
1. 过去分词作状语的功能、类型及位置
（1）过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况；构成过去分词的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
例：Built thirty years ago, the house looks very beautiful.
这座房子是30年前建造的，它看起来很漂亮。
（2）过去分词作状语的类型
类型 例句
时间状语 When combined with practice, theory becomes easier to learn.
原因状语 Born in a poor family, he had to work when he was a child.
方式状语 The old man walked into the room, supported by his son.
伴随状语 The little deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the early morning.
条件状语 Cleared, this site would make a good playground.
让步状语 Even if invited, I won't go.
（3）过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作结果、方式及伴随状语时，一般放在句末；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。
例：Given health, I can do it. 如果身体健康，我就能做。（条件状语）
2. 过去分词与动词-ing形式作状语的区别
语法 逻辑关系 时间概念
过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语时，构成过去分词的动词与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动。 过去分词所表示的动作往往发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之前；也可以表示"一种状态"，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或存在。
动词－ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式的一般式(doing)和完成式(doing)表示的动作与谓语(having done)作状语时，构成动词-ing 形式的动词与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动。 动词-ing形式的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或者几乎同时发生；动词-ing形式的完成式(having done)表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
(三) 过去分词作宾补
1. 作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系
（1）及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语和构成过去分词的动词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
例：I want the letter posted. 我想把这封信寄出去。
（2）少数不及物动词如 go, fall等的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作已完成。因此，宾语与构成过去分词的动词之间不存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
例：She found her necklace gone on her way home. 她在回家的路上发现项链不见了。
（3）动词seat, hide, dress等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示状态，而不表示被动意义。
例：When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.
我进来时发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
2. 过去分词作宾语补足语的情况
（1）感官动词后的过去分词作宾补：在see, notice, watch, hear, feel等感官动词后作宾补的过去分词与宾语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动动作的完成或只表示被动。
例：I heard the English song sung twice in the next room.
我听到隔壁房间里唱了两遍这首英文歌。（表示被动、已完成）
I'd like to see the plan carried out.
我想看到这个计划被实施下去。（只表示被动）
（2）使役、致使动词后的过去分词作宾补：在make, have, get, leave, keep等使役、致使动词后作宾补的过去分词与宾语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。
例：Please keep us informed of the latest developments.
请将最新的发展情况不断通报给我们。
(四) 过去分词作表语
1. 过去分词作表语的基本用法
（1）过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态，多位于系动词之后。这些系动词有 be, remain, feel, seem, look, become等。
（2）有些过去分词作表语时，已经具有了形容词的性质，最常见的有：amazed, delighted, disappointed, discouraged, amused, astonished, tired, satisfied, pleased, surprised, worried, excited, annoyed, puzzled等。
（3）过去分词作表语与被动语态相似，区别在于过去分词作表语表示的是一种状态或状况，而被动语态表示的是一个被动的动作，且后面常跟by短语。
2. 过去分词与动词-ing形式作表语的区别
英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其动词-ing形式意为"令人……的"，多用来形容物；其过去分词意为"感到……的"，多用来形容人、人的声音或表情等。这类词常见的有：
exciting令人激动的；excited 激动的，兴奋的
surprising令人惊讶的；surprised 感到惊讶的
encouraging令人鼓舞的；encouraged 受到鼓舞的
interesting 令人感兴趣的；interested 感兴趣的
frightening令人恐惧的frightened 受惊的
moving令人感动的；moved 受感动的
pleasing令人满意的；pleased 满意的
shocking令人震惊的；shocked感到震惊的
worrying令人担心的；worried感到担心的
tiring令人劳累的；tired 感到劳累的
二、语法填空
1. ________ (compare) with Jenny, Tina is more suitable for the job.
2. The report ______ (base) on last year’s research provides valuable insights for future planning.
3. Chen Wangting, a 17th-century master of Chinese martial arts, developed tai chi __________ (base) on martial arts skills.
4. Is this the young boy who saved several other students ______ (trap)under buildings
5. When we finally reached the service desk, we heard it ______ (announce) that there were no audio guides left.
6. ______ (move) by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time.”
7. She was too ______ (stun) to speak.
8. We’ll have reporters there for you all week long to keep you______ (update) on the storm.
9. Orange trees… They make great gifts and you see them many times______ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
10. My daughter was so _____(preoccupy) with her books that she didn't notice my coming in.
三、阅读理解
You are what you eat — and what you eat may be recorded in your DNA. Studies have indicated that your genes play a role in determining the foods you find delicious or unappealing. However, exactly how big a role they play has been difficult to identify. “We know that there is some genetic contribution to our food choices. Can we take the next step and actually find the exact areas in the DNA ” says Joanne Cole, an assistant professor.
New research led by Cole has gotten a step closer. Through a large-scale genomics analysis, her team identified 481 genome regions that were directly linked to eating habits and food preferences. The findings, which have not yet been peer-reviewed (同行评议), were presented last month.
Built on a study in 2020, Cole and her colleagues used data from Biobank, which has a public database of the genetic and health information of 500,000 participants. By scanning genomes, the new analysis was able to home in on 194 regions associated with eating habits and 287 linked to specific foods such as fruit, cheese, fish, and tea. Further understanding how genes impact our eating could show differences in nutritional needs and disease risks.
“One of the problems with many previous genomics studies is that they’re very small. They don’t have enough people to be able to identify genes in a credible manner. This study had a huge group of people, so that’s really powerful,” says Monica Dus, an associate professor at the University of Michigan. “The other thing that I thought was great is that they have so many different features that they’re measuring concerning diet. They had fats, the body, social-economic backgrounds.”
As the research advances, Dus says, “Instead of worrying about telling people what to eat, a more effective approach would be ensuring there aren’t ‘food deserts’ so people could get more food — things that have a broader impact.”
1.What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A. To reveal the latest findings in genomics.
B. To criticize the limitations of previous studies.
C. To emphasize the complexity of genetic research.
D. To introduce the role of genes in food preferences.
2.What does the underlined phrase “home in on” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. To focus on something. B. To move away from the subject.
C. To give up a particular interest. D. To pass over without paying attention.
3.What does Monica Dus highlight about the study
A. It has been peer-reviewed. B. It has a large sample size.
C. It gets specific foods involved. D. It ignores social-economic backgrounds.
4.What does Dus suggest as a more effective approach
A. Solving the issue of “food desert”.
B. Recommending more genomics studies.
C. Addressing broader social-economic problems.
D. Ignoring genetic contributions to eating habits.
四、七选五
Self-worth is defined as the level of importance you place on yourself. ① ______ Everything we think about, all the emotions we feel, and even the way we act is a product of self-worth. Here are some ways to boost your self-worth.
Make a list of your talents or skills. Everyone has something good to offer. Humans possess and can learn mind-blowing(令人兴奋的) abilities. What can you offer ② ______ List all of these. When you identify your abilities, you suppress(抑制) your weaknesses and give voice to your strengths.
Pardon yourself. ③ ______ Learn from all your past mistakes. If you keep feeling guilty or ashamed, you will never have a healthy sense of self-worth.
Take risks. The only reason you haven’t done something great for yourself is that you are still wondering whether you should do it. ④ ______ Stop doubting your abilities and just go.
⑤ ______ Healthy habits can be as contagious(感染性的) as negative ones. Surround yourself with the change you want to see. Be with people who have overcome the doubts they had about themselves and, like you, are also on a journey to recognizing self-worth.
A. Try to become a healthy person.
B. Surround yourself with healthy people.
C. What are those cool things you do effortlessly
D. You have to forgive yourself for your shortcomings.
E. Many people’s sense of self-worth is rooted in their achievements.
F. It is an essential part of humans and controls how we see ourselves.
G. Never be afraid to take risks to become a better version of yourself.
答案以及解析
二、语法填空
1.答案：Compared
解析：“compare” 与主语 “Tina” 之间是一种被动关系，表达 “与……相比” 的意思时，常用 “Compared with...” 这个结构，在句中作状语，所以要用 “compare” 的过去分词形式 “Compared”。
2.答案：based
解析：分析句子结构，“______ (base) on last year’s research” 作后置定语修饰 “the report”，“be based on” 表示 “基于……”，此处省略 “be”，用过去分词形式 “based” 作定语，符合语法要求。
3.答案：based
解析：be based on是固定短语，意为“基于”，此处用过去分词based on martial arts skills作后置定语，修饰tai chi，表示太极拳是基于武术技巧发展而来的。
4.答案：trapped
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这就是那个拯救其他几名学生在建筑物下被困的小男孩吗？分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作the young boy的定语，使用非谓语动词。the young boy与trap之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式作定语，故填trapped。
5.答案：announced
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们终于到达服务台时，我们听到他们宣布已经没有语音导游了。此处为hear+宾语+宾补结构，且announce与it构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填announced。
6.答案：Moved
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他被这种音乐所感动，说:“就像第一次看到色彩一样。”句子主语he和move之间是被动关系，是过去分词作原因状语。故填Moved。
7.答案：stunned
解析：考查过去分词。句意：她惊得说不出话来。根据“to speak”可知，此处是指她很震惊，应用过去分词stunned表示“目瞪口呆的”作表语，动词stun意为“使大吃一惊”，和主语构成被动关系。故填stunned。
8.答案：updated
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我们将在那里安排记者，为你提供整整一周的有关风暴的最新消息。设空处作宾语补足语，宾语you与动词update“给……提供最新信息”之间为逻辑上的被动关系，设空处填过去分词updated。故填updated。
9.答案：decorated
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：橘子树……它们是很好的礼物，你可以多次看到它们被红包和表示好运的信息点缀着。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，句中them指代orange trees，decorate与逻辑主语them之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
10.答案：preoccupied
解析：句意为:我女儿如此专注于读书以至于她并未注意到我进来。设空处应用形容词,作表语。be preoccupied with意为“专注于”。
三、阅读理解
1.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。文章第一段开头指出“You are what you eat — and what you eat may be recorded in your DNA.(人如其食——而且你所吃的食物或许会被记录在你的DNA中)”，接着说明“Studies have indicated that your genes play a role in determining the foods you find delicious or unappealing. However, exactly how big a role they play has been difficult to identify.(研究表明，基因在决定你觉得哪些食物美味或难吃方面发挥着一定作用。然而，要确切判断它们到底发挥了多大作用却一直很困难)”，然后提到确定基因发挥作用的程度很困难，还引用了助理教授Joanne Cole的话来进一步说明对基因与食物选择关系的探索。因此，第一段的目的是介绍基因在食物偏好方面的作用。故选D。
2.答案：A
解析：词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在上下文“Built on a study in 2020, Cole and her colleagues used data from Biobank, which has a public database of the genetic and health information of 500,000 participants. By scanning genomes, the new analysis was able to home in on 194 regions associated with eating habits and 287 linked to specific foods such as fruit, cheese, fish, and tea.(在2020年一项研究的基础上，Cole和她的同事们使用了来自生物银行的数据，该银行拥有一个包含50万名参与者的基因和健康信息的公共数据库。通过扫描基因组，这项新的分析能够……194个与饮食习惯相关的区域，以及287个与水果、奶酪、鱼和茶等特定食物相关的区域)”可知，通过扫描基因组，新的分析能够关注到与饮食习惯相关的 194 个区域以及与特定食物（如水果、奶酪、鱼和茶）相关的 287 个区域。结合语境，“home in on”应该是“专注于，聚焦于”的意思。选项A“To focus on something.(专注于某事，聚焦于某事)”，符合“home in on”在语境中的含义，即新的分析能够聚焦于与饮食习惯和特定食物相关的区域。故选A。
3.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段““One of the problems with many previous genomics studies is that they’re very small. They don’t have enough people to be able to identify genes in a credible manner. This study had a huge group of people, so that’s really powerful,” says Monica Dus, an associate professor at the University of Michigan. “The other thing that I thought was great is that they have so many different features that they’re measuring concerning diet. They had fats, the body, social-economic backgrounds.”(密歇根大学的副教授Monica Dus说：“许多之前的基因组学研究存在的一个问题是样本规模非常小。它们没有足够多的研究对象，无法以可靠的方式识别基因。而这项研究的参与人数众多，所以非常有说服力。我认为另一个很棒的地方是，他们在测量与饮食相关的特征时涵盖了很多不同的方面。他们考虑了脂肪、身体状况以及社会经济背景等因素。”)”可知，Monica Dus 指出许多之前的基因组学研究存在的问题是样本规模非常小，没有足够多的研究对象来可靠地识别基因，而这项研究有大量的参与者，这是非常有说服力的。因此，Monica Dus强调的是这项研究有很大的样本规模。故选B。
4.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As the research advances, Dus says, “Instead of worrying about telling people what to eat, a more effective approach would be ensuring there aren’t ‘food deserts’ so people could get more food — things that have a broader impact.”(随着研究的推进，Dus表示：“与其担心告诉人们该吃什么，更有效的方法是确保没有‘食物荒漠’，这样人们就能获得更多食物——这会产生更广泛的影响。”)”可推知，Dus认为更有效的方法是解决“食物荒漠”的问题。故选A。
四、七选五
答案：FCDGB
解析：①根据上文“Self-worth is defined as the level of importance you place on yourself.(自我价值被定义为你对自己重要性的认识。)”以及下文“Everything we think about, all the emotions we feel, and even the way we act is a product of self-worth.(我们所思考的一切,所有的情感,甚至我们的行为都是自我价值的产物。)”可知,自我价值是人类的重要组成部分,它控制着我们如何看待自己。这与F项"It is an essential part of humans and control show we see ourselves.(它是人类的重要组成部分,控制着我们如何看待自己。)”表达的含义一致,故选F项。
②根据上文“Make a list of your talents or skills. Everyone has something good to offer. Humans possess and can learn mind -blowing(令人兴奋的)abilities. What can you offer (列出你的天赋或者技能。每个人都有可以提供的好东西。人类拥有并且能够学习令人兴奋的能力。你能提供什么呢 )”可知这里是在问自己有什么能力,与C项"What are those cool things you do effortlessly (你毫不费力做的那些很酷的事情是什么呢 )”表达的含义一致,都是在问自己擅长做什么,故选C项。
③根据下文"Learn from all your past mistakes. If you keep feeling guilty or ashamed, you will never have a healthy sense of self-worth.(从你所有的过去错误中学习。如果你一直感到内疚或羞愧,你将永远不会有一个健康的自我价值感。)”可知作者认为不要一直感到内疚或羞愧,这里在强调要原谅自己。这与D项“You have to forgive yourself for your short comings.(你必须原谅自己的缺点。)”表达的含义一致,故选D项。
④根据上文“The only reason you haven't done something great for yourself is that you are still wondering whether you should do it.(你没有为自己做些伟大的事情的唯一原因是你还在犹豫是否应该去做。)”以及下文"Stop doubting your abilities and just go.(停止怀疑你的能力,只管去做。)”可知,这里在鼓励人们勇于冒险,成为更好的自己。这与G项"Never be afraid to take risks to become a better version of yourself.(永远不要害怕冒险,成为更好的自己。)”表达的含义一致,故选G项。
⑤根据下文"Healthy habits can be as contagious(感染性的) as negative ones. Surround yourself with the change you want to see. Be with people who have overcome the doubts they had about themselves and, like you, are also on a journey to recognizing self-worth.(健康的习惯可以像负面的习惯一样具有传染性。让自己置身于你想要看到的变化中。与那些已经克服了对自己怀疑的人在一起,像你一样,他们也在认识自我价值的旅程中。)”可知,这里在建议人们与积极的人交往。这与B项"Surround yourself with healthy people.(与健康的人在一起。)”表达的含义一致,故选B项。
一、易错点分析
过去分词——作定语，状语，宾补和表语
(一) 过去分词作定语
1. 过去分词作定语的位置
（1）单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，但left 只作后置定语。
例：The broken vase has been thrown outside. 那个碎了的花瓶已经扔到外面去了。
注意：单个的过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, nobody 等复合不定代词或those等指示代词时，要放在这些词的后面。
例：Is there anything unfinished 还有什么没有完成吗？
（2）过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词之后，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
例：From the library I borrowed a book written by Mark Twain.
(=From the library I borrowed a book which/that was written by Mark Twain.)
我从图书馆里借了一本马克·吐温写的书。
2. 过去分词作定语的用法
（1）及物动词的过去分词作定语：被修饰词与构成过去分词的动词之间通常为逻辑上的动宾关系且表示动作已经完成，或只有被动意义。
例：Tom drank some boiled water and hurried to school.
汤姆喝了一些白开水，就匆匆忙忙朝学校赶去。（boiled表示被动和完成）
（2）不及物动词的过去分词作定语：不及物动词没有被动语态，因此作定语时只表示动作的完成，不表示被动意义，且只作前置定语。
例：When I woke up next morning, I found the ground was covered with fallen leaves.
当我第二天早上醒来时，我发现地上全是落叶。（fallen 只表示完成）
（3）形容词化的过去分词作定语：英语中某些表示感觉的动词，其过去分词形式表示"感到……的"，表示被修饰词所处的状态。
例：There was a frightened horse in the street. 街上有一匹受惊的马。
(二) 过去分词作状语
1. 过去分词作状语的功能、类型及位置
（1）过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况；构成过去分词的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
例：Built thirty years ago, the house looks very beautiful.
这座房子是30年前建造的，它看起来很漂亮。
（2）过去分词作状语的类型
类型 例句
时间状语 When combined with practice, theory becomes easier to learn.
原因状语 Born in a poor family, he had to work when he was a child.
方式状语 The old man walked into the room, supported by his son.
伴随状语 The little deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the early morning.
条件状语 Cleared, this site would make a good playground.
让步状语 Even if invited, I won't go.
（3）过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作结果、方式及伴随状语时，一般放在句末；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。
例：Given health, I can do it. 如果身体健康，我就能做。（条件状语）
2. 过去分词与动词-ing形式作状语的区别
语法 逻辑关系 时间概念
过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语时，构成过去分词的动词与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动。 过去分词所表示的动作往往发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之前；也可以表示"一种状态"，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或存在。
动词－ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式的一般式(doing)和完成式(doing)表示的动作与谓语(having done)作状语时，构成动词-ing 形式的动词与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动。 动词-ing形式的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或者几乎同时发生；动词-ing形式的完成式(having done)表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
(三) 过去分词作宾补
1. 作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系
（1）及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语和构成过去分词的动词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
例：I want the letter posted. 我想把这封信寄出去。
（2）少数不及物动词如 go, fall等的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作已完成。因此，宾语与构成过去分词的动词之间不存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
例：She found her necklace gone on her way home. 她在回家的路上发现项链不见了。
（3）动词seat, hide, dress等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示状态，而不表示被动意义。
例：When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.
我进来时发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
2. 过去分词作宾语补足语的情况
（1）感官动词后的过去分词作宾补：在see, notice, watch, hear, feel等感官动词后作宾补的过去分词与宾语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动动作的完成或只表示被动。
例：I heard the English song sung twice in the next room.
我听到隔壁房间里唱了两遍这首英文歌。（表示被动、已完成）
I'd like to see the plan carried out.
我想看到这个计划被实施下去。（只表示被动）
（2）使役、致使动词后的过去分词作宾补：在make, have, get, leave, keep等使役、致使动词后作宾补的过去分词与宾语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。
例：Please keep us informed of the latest developments.
请将最新的发展情况不断通报给我们。
(四) 过去分词作表语
1. 过去分词作表语的基本用法
（1）过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态，多位于系动词之后。这些系动词有 be, remain, feel, seem, look, become等。
（2）有些过去分词作表语时，已经具有了形容词的性质，最常见的有：amazed, delighted, disappointed, discouraged, amused, astonished, tired, satisfied, pleased, surprised, worried, excited, annoyed, puzzled等。
（3）过去分词作表语与被动语态相似，区别在于过去分词作表语表示的是一种状态或状况，而被动语态表示的是一个被动的动作，且后面常跟by短语。
2. 过去分词与动词-ing形式作表语的区别
英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其动词-ing形式意为"令人……的"，多用来形容物；其过去分词意为"感到……的"，多用来形容人、人的声音或表情等。这类词常见的有：
exciting令人激动的；excited 激动的，兴奋的
surprising令人惊讶的；surprised 感到惊讶的
encouraging令人鼓舞的；encouraged 受到鼓舞的
interesting 令人感兴趣的；interested 感兴趣的
frightening令人恐惧的frightened 受惊的
moving令人感动的；moved 受感动的
pleasing令人满意的；pleased 满意的
shocking令人震惊的；shocked感到震惊的
worrying令人担心的；worried感到担心的
tiring令人劳累的；tired 感到劳累的
二、语法填空
1. ________ (compare) with Jenny, Tina is more suitable for the job.
2. The report ______ (base) on last year’s research provides valuable insights for future planning.
3. Chen Wangting, a 17th-century master of Chinese martial arts, developed tai chi __________ (base) on martial arts skills.
4. Is this the young boy who saved several other students ______ (trap)under buildings
5. When we finally reached the service desk, we heard it ______ (announce) that there were no audio guides left.
6. ______ (move) by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time.”
7. She was too ______ (stun) to speak.
8. We’ll have reporters there for you all week long to keep you______ (update) on the storm.
9. Orange trees… They make great gifts and you see them many times______ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
10. My daughter was so _____(preoccupy) with her books that she didn't notice my coming in.
三、阅读理解
You are what you eat — and what you eat may be recorded in your DNA. Studies have indicated that your genes play a role in determining the foods you find delicious or unappealing. However, exactly how big a role they play has been difficult to identify. “We know that there is some genetic contribution to our food choices. Can we take the next step and actually find the exact areas in the DNA ” says Joanne Cole, an assistant professor.
New research led by Cole has gotten a step closer. Through a large-scale genomics analysis, her team identified 481 genome regions that were directly linked to eating habits and food preferences. The findings, which have not yet been peer-reviewed (同行评议), were presented last month.
Built on a study in 2020, Cole and her colleagues used data from Biobank, which has a public database of the genetic and health information of 500,000 participants. By scanning genomes, the new analysis was able to home in on 194 regions associated with eating habits and 287 linked to specific foods such as fruit, cheese, fish, and tea. Further understanding how genes impact our eating could show differences in nutritional needs and disease risks.
“One of the problems with many previous genomics studies is that they’re very small. They don’t have enough people to be able to identify genes in a credible manner. This study had a huge group of people, so that’s really powerful,” says Monica Dus, an associate professor at the University of Michigan. “The other thing that I thought was great is that they have so many different features that they’re measuring concerning diet. They had fats, the body, social-economic backgrounds.”
As the research advances, Dus says, “Instead of worrying about telling people what to eat, a more effective approach would be ensuring there aren’t ‘food deserts’ so people could get more food — things that have a broader impact.”
1.What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A. To reveal the latest findings in genomics.
B. To criticize the limitations of previous studies.
C. To emphasize the complexity of genetic research.
D. To introduce the role of genes in food preferences.
2.What does the underlined phrase “home in on” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. To focus on something. B. To move away from the subject.
C. To give up a particular interest. D. To pass over without paying attention.
3.What does Monica Dus highlight about the study
A. It has been peer-reviewed. B. It has a large sample size.
C. It gets specific foods involved. D. It ignores social-economic backgrounds.
4.What does Dus suggest as a more effective approach
A. Solving the issue of “food desert”.
B. Recommending more genomics studies.
C. Addressing broader social-economic problems.
D. Ignoring genetic contributions to eating habits.
四、七选五
Self-worth is defined as the level of importance you place on yourself. ① ______ Everything we think about, all the emotions we feel, and even the way we act is a product of self-worth. Here are some ways to boost your self-worth.
Make a list of your talents or skills. Everyone has something good to offer. Humans possess and can learn mind-blowing(令人兴奋的) abilities. What can you offer ② ______ List all of these. When you identify your abilities, you suppress(抑制) your weaknesses and give voice to your strengths.
Pardon yourself. ③ ______ Learn from all your past mistakes. If you keep feeling guilty or ashamed, you will never have a healthy sense of self-worth.
Take risks. The only reason you haven’t done something great for yourself is that you are still wondering whether you should do it. ④ ______ Stop doubting your abilities and just go.
⑤ ______ Healthy habits can be as contagious(感染性的) as negative ones. Surround yourself with the change you want to see. Be with people who have overcome the doubts they had about themselves and, like you, are also on a journey to recognizing self-worth.
A. Try to become a healthy person.
B. Surround yourself with healthy people.
C. What are those cool things you do effortlessly
D. You have to forgive yourself for your shortcomings.
E. Many people’s sense of self-worth is rooted in their achievements.
F. It is an essential part of humans and controls how we see ourselves.
G. Never be afraid to take risks to become a better version of yourself.
答案以及解析
二、语法填空
1.答案：Compared
解析：“compare” 与主语 “Tina” 之间是一种被动关系，表达 “与……相比” 的意思时，常用 “Compared with...” 这个结构，在句中作状语，所以要用 “compare” 的过去分词形式 “Compared”。
2.答案：based
解析：分析句子结构，“______ (base) on last year’s research” 作后置定语修饰 “the report”，“be based on” 表示 “基于……”，此处省略 “be”，用过去分词形式 “based” 作定语，符合语法要求。
3.答案：based
解析：be based on是固定短语，意为“基于”，此处用过去分词based on martial arts skills作后置定语，修饰tai chi，表示太极拳是基于武术技巧发展而来的。
4.答案：trapped
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这就是那个拯救其他几名学生在建筑物下被困的小男孩吗？分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作the young boy的定语，使用非谓语动词。the young boy与trap之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式作定语，故填trapped。
5.答案：announced
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们终于到达服务台时，我们听到他们宣布已经没有语音导游了。此处为hear+宾语+宾补结构，且announce与it构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填announced。
6.答案：Moved
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他被这种音乐所感动，说:“就像第一次看到色彩一样。”句子主语he和move之间是被动关系，是过去分词作原因状语。故填Moved。
7.答案：stunned
解析：考查过去分词。句意：她惊得说不出话来。根据“to speak”可知，此处是指她很震惊，应用过去分词stunned表示“目瞪口呆的”作表语，动词stun意为“使大吃一惊”，和主语构成被动关系。故填stunned。
8.答案：updated
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我们将在那里安排记者，为你提供整整一周的有关风暴的最新消息。设空处作宾语补足语，宾语you与动词update“给……提供最新信息”之间为逻辑上的被动关系，设空处填过去分词updated。故填updated。
9.答案：decorated
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：橘子树……它们是很好的礼物，你可以多次看到它们被红包和表示好运的信息点缀着。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，句中them指代orange trees，decorate与逻辑主语them之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
10.答案：preoccupied
解析：句意为:我女儿如此专注于读书以至于她并未注意到我进来。设空处应用形容词,作表语。be preoccupied with意为“专注于”。
三、阅读理解
1.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。文章第一段开头指出“You are what you eat — and what you eat may be recorded in your DNA.(人如其食——而且你所吃的食物或许会被记录在你的DNA中)”，接着说明“Studies have indicated that your genes play a role in determining the foods you find delicious or unappealing. However, exactly how big a role they play has been difficult to identify.(研究表明，基因在决定你觉得哪些食物美味或难吃方面发挥着一定作用。然而，要确切判断它们到底发挥了多大作用却一直很困难)”，然后提到确定基因发挥作用的程度很困难，还引用了助理教授Joanne Cole的话来进一步说明对基因与食物选择关系的探索。因此，第一段的目的是介绍基因在食物偏好方面的作用。故选D。
2.答案：A
解析：词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在上下文“Built on a study in 2020, Cole and her colleagues used data from Biobank, which has a public database of the genetic and health information of 500,000 participants. By scanning genomes, the new analysis was able to home in on 194 regions associated with eating habits and 287 linked to specific foods such as fruit, cheese, fish, and tea.(在2020年一项研究的基础上，Cole和她的同事们使用了来自生物银行的数据，该银行拥有一个包含50万名参与者的基因和健康信息的公共数据库。通过扫描基因组，这项新的分析能够……194个与饮食习惯相关的区域，以及287个与水果、奶酪、鱼和茶等特定食物相关的区域)”可知，通过扫描基因组，新的分析能够关注到与饮食习惯相关的 194 个区域以及与特定食物（如水果、奶酪、鱼和茶）相关的 287 个区域。结合语境，“home in on”应该是“专注于，聚焦于”的意思。选项A“To focus on something.(专注于某事，聚焦于某事)”，符合“home in on”在语境中的含义，即新的分析能够聚焦于与饮食习惯和特定食物相关的区域。故选A。
3.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段““One of the problems with many previous genomics studies is that they’re very small. They don’t have enough people to be able to identify genes in a credible manner. This study had a huge group of people, so that’s really powerful,” says Monica Dus, an associate professor at the University of Michigan. “The other thing that I thought was great is that they have so many different features that they’re measuring concerning diet. They had fats, the body, social-economic backgrounds.”(密歇根大学的副教授Monica Dus说：“许多之前的基因组学研究存在的一个问题是样本规模非常小。它们没有足够多的研究对象，无法以可靠的方式识别基因。而这项研究的参与人数众多，所以非常有说服力。我认为另一个很棒的地方是，他们在测量与饮食相关的特征时涵盖了很多不同的方面。他们考虑了脂肪、身体状况以及社会经济背景等因素。”)”可知，Monica Dus 指出许多之前的基因组学研究存在的问题是样本规模非常小，没有足够多的研究对象来可靠地识别基因，而这项研究有大量的参与者，这是非常有说服力的。因此，Monica Dus强调的是这项研究有很大的样本规模。故选B。
4.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As the research advances, Dus says, “Instead of worrying about telling people what to eat, a more effective approach would be ensuring there aren’t ‘food deserts’ so people could get more food — things that have a broader impact.”(随着研究的推进，Dus表示：“与其担心告诉人们该吃什么，更有效的方法是确保没有‘食物荒漠’，这样人们就能获得更多食物——这会产生更广泛的影响。”)”可推知，Dus认为更有效的方法是解决“食物荒漠”的问题。故选A。
四、七选五
答案：FCDGB
解析：①根据上文“Self-worth is defined as the level of importance you place on yourself.(自我价值被定义为你对自己重要性的认识。)”以及下文“Everything we think about, all the emotions we feel, and even the way we act is a product of self-worth.(我们所思考的一切,所有的情感,甚至我们的行为都是自我价值的产物。)”可知,自我价值是人类的重要组成部分,它控制着我们如何看待自己。这与F项"It is an essential part of humans and control show we see ourselves.(它是人类的重要组成部分,控制着我们如何看待自己。)”表达的含义一致,故选F项。
②根据上文“Make a list of your talents or skills. Everyone has something good to offer. Humans possess and can learn mind -blowing(令人兴奋的)abilities. What can you offer (列出你的天赋或者技能。每个人都有可以提供的好东西。人类拥有并且能够学习令人兴奋的能力。你能提供什么呢 )”可知这里是在问自己有什么能力,与C项"What are those cool things you do effortlessly (你毫不费力做的那些很酷的事情是什么呢 )”表达的含义一致,都是在问自己擅长做什么,故选C项。
③根据下文"Learn from all your past mistakes. If you keep feeling guilty or ashamed, you will never have a healthy sense of self-worth.(从你所有的过去错误中学习。如果你一直感到内疚或羞愧,你将永远不会有一个健康的自我价值感。)”可知作者认为不要一直感到内疚或羞愧,这里在强调要原谅自己。这与D项“You have to forgive yourself for your short comings.(你必须原谅自己的缺点。)”表达的含义一致,故选D项。
④根据上文“The only reason you haven't done something great for yourself is that you are still wondering whether you should do it.(你没有为自己做些伟大的事情的唯一原因是你还在犹豫是否应该去做。)”以及下文"Stop doubting your abilities and just go.(停止怀疑你的能力,只管去做。)”可知,这里在鼓励人们勇于冒险,成为更好的自己。这与G项"Never be afraid to take risks to become a better version of yourself.(永远不要害怕冒险,成为更好的自己。)”表达的含义一致,故选G项。
⑤根据下文"Healthy habits can be as contagious(感染性的) as negative ones. Surround yourself with the change you want to see. Be with people who have overcome the doubts they had about themselves and, like you, are also on a journey to recognizing self-worth.(健康的习惯可以像负面的习惯一样具有传染性。让自己置身于你想要看到的变化中。与那些已经克服了对自己怀疑的人在一起,像你一样,他们也在认识自我价值的旅程中。)”可知,这里在建议人们与积极的人交往。这与B项"Surround yourself with healthy people.(与健康的人在一起。)”表达的含义一致,故选B项。