（2）Unit 11 Conflict and Compromise—高二英语北师大版（2019）选修四期末易错题集训学案（含解析）

Unit 11 Conflict and Compromise—高二英语北师大版（2019）选修四期末易错题集训
重难知识易混易错
情态动词
1.can/could
表许可：could 比 can 更委婉，用于请求许可。
例：Could you help me with this problem
表能力：could 是 can 的过去式，表过去一般性的能力（不表过去特定某次能力）。
例：She could swim at the age of five.
表推测：can 多用于否定句或疑问句，could 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。
例：This can't be true. / It could be a mistake.
表有时：can + be / 动词原形，强调偶然性。
例：He can be very stubborn.
表惊讶 / 怀疑：用于疑问句或否定句。
例：Can it be true
2.will/would
表将来：would 是 will 的过去式，用于间接引语。
例：He said he would come tomorrow.
表建议 / 请求：would 比 will 更委婉。
例：Would you like a cup of tea
would like to do：表示 "想要做某事"，相当于 want to do。
例：I would like to visit Paris.
表过去 / 现在的习惯：would 强调过去反复发生的动作（现在习惯用 will）。
例：When I was young, I would go fishing every weekend.
3.may/might
表许可：
请求允许：用 may/might（might 更委婉，仅用于第一人称疑问句）。
例：May I leave the room
给予允许：用 may（第二、三人称陈述句）。
例：You may go now.
表推测：might 比 may 可能性更小，可加 well 加强语气。
例：It might rain tomorrow. / That may well be true.
表祝愿：may + 动词原形（主系表结构中用 be）。
例：May you succeed!
表不妨：may/might as well + 动词原形，意为 "不妨做某事"。
例：We might as well start early.
4.shall/should/ought to
shall:
表征求意见：用于第一人称疑问句（如 shall I/we…）。
例：Shall we go now
表警告 / 命令 /承诺：用于第二、三人称陈述句。
例：You shall finish the work today.
should/ought to:
表义务 / 建议：should 较口语化，ought to 更正式。
例：You should/ought to study hard.
表推测：意为 "应该"，相当于 be supposed to do。
例：The train should arrive at 9:00.
5.need/dare
need:
情态动词：用于否定句和疑问句，后接动词原形（need do）。
例：Need he come early / You needn't worry.
实义动词：肯定句中用 need to do，否定句和疑问句用 don't need to do。
例：He needs to buy a new car.
表被动：need doing = need to be done。
例：The room needs cleaning.
dare:
情态动词：用于否定句、疑问句和条件句，后接动词原形（dare do）。
例：Dare she tell the truth
实义动词：肯定句中用 dare to do，否定句和疑问句用 don't dare to do。
例：He doesn't dare to speak in public.
6.重点短语
ban sb. from doing sth.禁止某人做某事
have a strong desire to do sth.迫切想要做某事
invest (sth.) in doing sth.投入（时间、精力等）做某事
conclude...from从…… 中推断出……
一、单选题
1.When drafting essays, you ______ pay too much attention to logical flow — unclear connections confuse readers.
A.mustn't B.needn't C.can't D.shouldn't
2.I know he was wrong, but I ______ tell him because he never listens.
A.mustn't B.daren't C.needn't D.oughtn't
3.— Is that your teacher over there
— No, it ______ be him. I'm sure he doesn't wear glasses.
A. mustn't B. shan't C. can't D. needn't
4.—Amazing! You ______ wear slippers at work.
— Don't you know it's a fashion
A.might B.should C.could D.would
5.You ______ park here! It's an emergency exit.
A.wouldn't B.needn't C.couldn't D.mustn't
6.— Do you remember our old neighbour, Mr. Thompson
— Yes, he was such a kind man. He ______ always helps anyone in trouble without hesitation.
A.might B.shall C.need D.would
7.According to the school rules, no student ______ go out of the school after eleven o'clock at night without the teacher's permission.
A. will B. shall C. must D. should
8.The high school student answered all the questions properly. In my view, he ______ have read many books.
A. must B. should C. need D. could
9.It's nearly six o'clock. I must start preparing dinner. The guests ______ be here at any moment.
A. could B. should C. must D. would
10.—Why ______ you be talking so loudly while others are studying
—I'm terribly sorry.
A. shall B. must C. will D. may
二、阅读理解
Rising sea levels and the potential impacts to huge coastal populations worldwide rank near the top of concerns when it comes to consequences of a worsening climate emergency.But a lesser-known danger poses an equal or arguably more urgent threat to millions around the world living at much higher altitudes: flooding from glacial lakes.
With average temperatures rising around the world in recent decades, a number of these lakes high above population centers in South America and Asia have become swollen and unstable as the reserves of snow and ice that feed them melt ever quicker.
For the first time, an international team of researchers has quantified this threat. It reports that 15 million people are in the path of potential floods from these swollen bodies of water."Understanding which areas face the greatest danger from glacial flooding will allow for more targeted and effective risk management actions, which in turn will help minimize loss of life and damage to infrastructure downstream," said co-author Rachel Carr, head of physical geography at Newcastle University.
In 1941, a glacial lake outburst flood, or GLOF, from Lake Palcacocha killed thousands in the town of Huaraz below and largely inspired the beginning of research into the phenomenon. Dams and other infrastructure were put in place to relieve the threat from the lake in the 1970s, but its volume is now over 30 times greater, requiring new improvements to safely drain and release water pressure.
Lead researcher Caroline Taylor says the researchers also found that understanding the danger requires more than just counting lakes and measuring their volume."Instead, it is the number of people, their distance to a glacial lake and importantly, their ability to cope with a flood that determines the potential danger from a GLOF event."
In recent years, a warning system was set up at Lake Palcacocha that could give residents of Huaraz enough time to get out of the way of an incoming flood. Meanwhile, other threatened villages with no such alert system continue to rely on hope and luck.
11.Why does the author mention rising sea levels in the first paragraph
A. To make a comparison. B. To introduce the topic.
C. To provide an example. D. To support his argument.
12.What can we learn about GLOF from the passage
A. An international team first figured out the dangerous areas.
B. Effective risk management will rid people of the danger.
C. A GLOF in the 1970s determined the start of study into the danger.
D. Threatened villagers without warning systems can easily get hurt.
13.Which factor decides the potential danger according to Caroline Taylor
A. The number of the unstable lakes.
B. The volume of the unstable lakes.
C. The coping ability of the potential victims.
D. The degree of climate change.
14.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Glacial Lakes: a Potential Danger B. GLOF: an Overlooked Threat
C. Climate Change: the Cause of GLOF D. Warning Systems: a Solution to GLOF
三、七选五
It takes time to really get to know someone, but first impressions often determine whether someone is willing to spend more time learning about you. In fact, people's first impressions are made within seven seconds of meeting someone new. ①_____
Show respect. People want to feel respected before they show you the same respect. ②_____ Be sure to treat everyone around you well, because it shows a lot about who you are.
Be enthusiastic. ③_____ Don't be afraid to show that you are interested in someone. In fact, people often see passion (激情） as a charming sign of strength and inspiration. Showing your enthusiasm by smiling or using friendly humor will make you seem easygoing.
④_____ Body language is as important as your words to first impressions. Make sure your posture is good, make strong eye contact and try to express your interest in others.
Try to avoid the bad days. If something unfortunate happens, you don't have to follow a scheduled meeting on the day.⑤_____ Let them know you don't want unfavorable things to affect them. It'll show your ability to communicate effectively.
A. Make others comfortable.
B. Instead, you can set another time.
C. Pay attention to your body language.
D. Show interest in the person you meet.
E. When you go out for dinner, be polite to waiters.
F. Be polite and show manners with "please" and "thank you".
G. Here are some tips on how to make a good first impression.
答案以及解析
一、单选题
1.答案：C
解析： "can't...too much"结构表示"越重视越好",C项正确。
2.答案：C
解析：考查情态动词。句意：我知道他错了，但我不必告诉他，因为他从来不听。A. mustn't禁止，不许；B. daren't不敢；C. needn't不必；D. oughtn't不应该。结合because he never listens可知，空格处应表达"不必"，故用 needn't。故选C。
3.答案：C
解析：A.mustn't禁止；B.shan't不应该；C.can't不可能；D.needn't不需要。根据句意和I'm sure he doesn't wear glasses可知这里表示"不可能"用can't。故选：C。
4.答案：B
解析：考查情态动词。句意：——真令人吃惊！上班期间你竟然穿拖鞋。——难道你不知道这是一种时尚吗？情态动词should可以用来表示惊讶，句子中翻译为"竟然"。故选B。
5.答案：D
解析：mustn't表示"禁止"，本句意为"你不可以把车停在这里，因为这里是紧急出口"。
6.答案：D
解析：考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：——你还记得我们的老邻居汤普森先生吗？——是的，他是个很善良的人。他过去总是毫不犹豫地帮助任何有困难的人。
7.答案：B
解析：考查情态动词。句意：根据校规，没有老师的允许，晚上十一点以后任何学生都不可以走出学校。A. will 表示意愿、将来等；B. shall 用于第二、三人称，表示命令、警告、允诺、规定等，这里表示学校的规定，"学生不可以……"，符合语境；C. must 必须，强调主观或客观的必要性；D. should 应该，表示义务、责任等。根据 "According to the school rules" 可知，这里是学校的规定，用 "shall" 合适。故选 B。
8.答案：A
解析：must have done必定做了……（表示对过去的推测），should have done原本该做但是没做，need have done本需要做某事却没有做，could have done本能做某事却没有做，结合"The high school student answered all the questions properly."可知，此处指我认为这个高中生过去一定读了很多书。故选：A。
9.答案：B
解析：考查情态动词。句意：快六点了，我必须开始准备晚餐了。客人随时都可能来到。A项表推测一般不用于肯定句中；C项表示"必须"，不符合题意；D项时态不对。故选B项，should在这里表示很大的可能性。
10.答案：B
解析：A 选项 "shall" 用于第一人称，表示将来、征求意见等；B 选项 "must" 在这里表示 "偏偏，非得"，常用来表示不满、责备等情绪，符合语境 "为什么别人在学习的时候你偏偏要这么大声说话呢？"；C 选项 "will" 表示意愿、将来等；D 选项 "may" 表示 "可能，可以"。所以选 B。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段Rising sea levels and the potential impacts to huge coastal populations worldwide rank near the top of concerns when it comes to consequences of a worsening climate emergency.But a lesser-known danger poses an equal or arguably more urgent threat to millions around the world living at much higher altitudes：flooding from glacial lakes.（当谈到日益恶化的气候紧急情况的后果时，海平面上升和对全球大量沿海人口的潜在影响几乎是人们最关心的问题。但是，一个鲜为人知的危险对全球生活在高海拔地区的数百万人构成了同样或可以说更紧迫的威胁：冰川湖泊的洪水）可知作者在第一段提到海平面上升是为了引出话题。故选B。
12.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段In 1941，a glacial lake outburst flood，or GLOF，from Lake Palcacocha killed thousands in the town of Huaraz below and largely inspired the beginning of research into the phenomenon.Dams and other infrastructure were put in place to relieve the threat from the lake in the 1970s，but its volume is now over 30 times greater，requiring new improvements to safely drain and release water pressure.（1941年，来自帕尔卡科查湖的冰川湖暴发洪水导致下面瓦拉斯镇数千人死亡，这在很大程度上激发了对这一现象的研究。在20世纪70年代，为了缓解来自湖泊的威胁，大坝和其他基础设施已经到位，但现在它的体积超过了30倍，需要新的改进来安全排水和释放水压）可知从文章中我们可以了解到20世纪70年代的一次全球大萧条决定了对这种危险的研究的开始。故选D。
13.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 Lead researcher Caroline Taylor says the researchers also found that understanding the danger requires more than just counting lakes and measuring their volume."Instead，it is the number of people，their distance to a glacial lake and importantly，their ability to cope with a flood that determines the potential danger from a GLOF event."（首席研究员卡罗琳 泰勒说，研究人员还发现，了解危险需要的不仅仅是计算湖泊数量和测量它们的体积。"相反，决定GLOF事件潜在危险的是人口数量，他们与冰川湖的距离，以及重要的是他们应对洪水的能力。"）可知卡洛琳 泰勒认为处理洪水的能力决定了潜在的危险。故选C。
14.答案：B
解析：标题归纳题。阅读全文以及根据第一段Rising sea levels and the potential impacts to huge coastal populations worldwide rank near the top of concerns when it comes to consequences of a worsening climate emergency.But a lesser-known danger poses an equal or arguably more urgent threat to millions around the world living at much higher altitudes：flooding from glacial lakes.（当谈到日益恶化的气候紧急情况的后果时，海平面上升和对全球大量沿海人口的潜在影响几乎是人们最关心的问题。但是，一个鲜为人知的危险对全球生活在高海拔地区的数百万人构成了同样或可以说更紧迫的威胁：冰川湖泊的洪水）可知本文主要讲述了随着全球气温不断上升，高海拔地区的冰川湖泊水位不断上涨，可能导致洪水灾害的威胁越来越大。这种威胁可能比海平面上升更加紧迫，因为全球有数百万人居住在这些高海拔地区。所以"B.GLOF：an Overlooked Threat."为最佳标题。故选B。
三、七选五
答案：
GFDCB
解析：①推理判断题。根据前句In fact, people's first impressions are made within seven seconds of meeting someone new表示"事实上，人们的第一印象是在遇到一个新人的七秒钟之内形成的"，以及后文介绍如何给人留下好的第一印象的方法，可知表示"以下是一些如何给人留下好的第一印象的小贴士"的选项G符合前后的语境，故选G。
②细节理解题。根据前句Show respect. People want to feel respected before they show you the same respect表示"表示尊重。人们希望在对你表现出同样的尊重之前先感受到尊重"，可知表示"要有礼貌，礼貌地说请，谢谢"的选项F符合前后的语境，respect和polite是同义词，故选F。
③细节理解题。根据后句Don't be afraid to show that you are interested in someone表示"不要害怕表现出你对某人感兴趣"，可知表示"对你遇到的人表现出兴趣"的选项D符合前后的语境，interested是原词复现，故选D。
④主旨大意题。根据后句Body language is as important as your words to first impressions表示"对第一印象来说，身体语言和你的话一样重要"，可知表示"注意你的肢体语言"的选项C符合本段的主题，Body language是原词复现，故选C。
⑤推理判断题。根据前句If something unfortunate happens, you don't have to follow a scheduled meeting on the day表示"如果有什么不幸的事情发生，你就不必去参加当天的会议"，可知表示"你可以另定时间"的选项B符合前后的语境，don't have to follow是关键词，故选B。