（3）Unit 12 Innovation—高二英语北师大版（2019）选修四期末易错题集训学案（含解析）

Unit 12 Innovation—高二英语北师大版（2019）选修四期末易错题集训
重难知识易混易错
形容词
1. 形容词的概念
(1)形容词表示事物的形状、性质和状态等。如大、高、认真、生动、 美丽、精明、可爱、冰凉、初级、高级、简单、复杂等。
(2)形容词是一种主要用来描写或修饰名词或代词的词类，可以用来表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征或属性，常用作定语，也可作表语、补语或状语。
(3)形容词通常置于其修饰的名词之前，并且多数形容词有比较等级
2. 形容词的句法功能
(1)作定语(前置定语或后置定语)
She lives in a cozy cottage in the countryside.
她住在乡村一间舒适的小屋里。(cozy作为cottage的前置定语)
He is one of the few people awake at this late hour.
他是这么晚还没睡的少数人之一。(awake作people的后置定语)
Is there anything interesting in today's newspaper
今天的报纸上有什么有趣的内容吗？(形容词修饰复合不定代词，作后置定语)
This is the only solution possible for the problem.
这是该问题唯一可能的解决方案。(以-able或-ble结尾的形容词可作前面有形容词最高级或the only等修饰的名词的后置定语)
He recommended a movie suitable for all ages.
他推荐了一部适合各年龄段的电影。(形容词短语作后置定语)
(2)作表语
The new museum exhibit is fascinating.
博物馆的新展品很吸引人。
She felt nervous before the important job interview.
重要的工作面试前，她感到紧张。
(3)作宾语补足语
They elected him president of the student union.
他们选他当学生会主席。
I find the new policy confusing and difficult to understand.
我觉得新政策令人困惑，难以理解。
3. 合成形容词的构成
(1)副词+分词，如：well-known 著名的
(2) 名词+过去分词，如：hand-made 手工的
(3) 名词+现在分词，如：peace-loving 爱好和平的
(4) 名词+形容词，如：state-owned 国有的
(5)数词+名词，如：ten-minute 十分钟的
(6)数词+名词-ed，如：one-eyed 一只眼的
(7)数词+名词+形容词，如：two-month-old 两个月的
(8)形容词+过去分词，如：new-born 新生的
(9)形容词+名词-ed，如：short-sighted 目光短浅的
(10)形容词+现在分词，如：old-looking 看起来很旧的
(11)形容词+形容词，如：dark-blue 深蓝色的
4. 形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则
(1)一般加-er或-est
quiet—quieter—quietest
(2) 以字母e结尾的词只加-r或-st
large—larger—largest
(3) 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写这一辅音字母后再加-er或-est
thin—thinner—thinnest
(4) 以"辅音字母+-y"结尾的单词，将y变为i，再加-er或-est
happy—happier—happiest
(5)多音节词和部分双音节词，在其前加more或most
intelligent—more intelligent—most intelligent
(6) 不规则变化单独记忆
good—better—best
bad—worse—worst
far—farther/further—farthest/furthest
一、单选题
1.Don't budget more for the trip, because the money I saved is ______ to cover all costs, including hotels and meals.
A. sufficient B. effective C. practical D. flexible
2.He is regarded as one of the most ______ film directors of his generation.
A. essential B. influential C. initial D. racial
3.There was nothing special about this film-it was only ______.
A.particular B.strange C.interesting D.average
4.– Are you satisfied with Christopher's present for you
–You bet! He couldn't give me _______.
A.a worse one B.a better one C.the worst one D.the best one
5.Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been ______.
A.popular B.more popular C.most popular D.the most popular
6.It may not be a great suggestion. But before ______ is put forward, we'll make do with it.
A. a good one B. a best one C. a better one D. the best one
7.The Yellow River is ______ river in our country.
A. the first long B. the second long
C. the first longest D. the second longest
8.Carter was saying all the right things, but his ______ smile betrayed him.I knew I couldn't trust him.
A. sincere B. distinct C. artificial D. influential
9.When I come home, ______, it's good to warm my bones beside the fire.
A. cold and exhausted B. coldly and exhaustedly
C. cold and exhaustedly D. coldly and exhausted
10.The speech was so ______ that they were all ______.
A. inspiring; exciting B. inspired; excited C. inspiring; excited D. inspired; exciting
二、阅读理解
An international team of researchers from Sweden and the UK have developed an innovative way of interpreting biological signals produced by our skin. Using data obtained from a Philips wrist-worn wearable sensor device that can also measure movement, the researchers' system displays information in the form of colourful spiral graphics(螺旋图形)in real time on a smartphone, as well as a recording of data, for the wearer to interpret and reflect on.
The prototype(雏形)visualisation system, called 'Affective Health', was developed by experts in Human-Computer Interaction looking into how new and emerging computer technologies can be used to design engaging visualisations on smartphones.
A study group of 23 people were given the Affective Health prototype to use for a month. Importantly, the researchers purposely did not tell the participants what the devices were useful for. Instead, they gave guidelines that Affective Health could collect information relating to both physical and emotional reactions, how increased sweating increased the conductivity, and how this was represented by different colours. The participants were left to decide the best ways of using the technology.
The researchers found that this open design stage of the study led to some participants using the system as a tool to measure and help manage their stress levels. While others, including outstanding athletes, used the device to get information on their training and recovery programmes. Other uses included logging information on their lives and tracking emotions. But interestingly, few would use the technology for more than one purpose.
Although the open design phase helped reveal several different practices Affective Health prototypes could be used for, the prototype lacked some of the functions needed to make it a good tool for a specific role—such as a sports training system, or as a stress management tool. The researchers found the need for a second, more tailored step in the design process to make devices specific to particular roles.
11.What were the participants unaware of about the prototype
A. Its function as a measuring tool.
B. Its reactions to physical activity.
C. Its colourful spiral graphics.
D. Its specified uses.
12.What interested the researchers
A. People used the device quite differently.
B. Few used the device to help better themselves.
C. Many considered the device a single-purpose tool.
D. Many purposely avoided the device's certain functions.
13.What can be learned about Affective Health
A. It has a rising market share.
B. It causes trouble for users.
C. It lacks competitiveness.
D. It needs improvement.
14.What can be the best title for the text
A. Sweat, a Mood Detector
B. Time to Reflect on Ourselves
C. Colourful Sensors Gain Popularity
D. Technologies Interpret Biodata from the Skin
三、七选五
Characteristics of an excellent scientist
The Free Dictionary defines(定义)a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science.
① _____. Let's look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist.
Curiosity.
② _____. Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work. If a scientist doesn't have the drive to ask questions or even wonder, then he/she never gets to the first stage of the scientific process.
Patience.
③ _____. There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. Even if you think you have received some education on science, you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If you're an instant-gratification(及时满足的)type of person, this may not be the best choice for you.
Ethical(道德的)qualities.
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people's life as well as the environment and living things, since they are all linked and they can affect one another in the long run. A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal or outside commercial(商业的)interests. Sticking to an old belief contradicted(反驳)by evidence is dishonest. ④_____.
Working habits.
An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation, keeping it in mind and recording it. ⑤______. He/She also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking skills connect him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new.
A. Becoming a scientist takes a long time.
B. An excellent scientist must be very curious about things.
C. It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.
D. However, that belief shouldn't be changed without powerful evidence.
E. He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what's needed.
F. To make discoveries in human knowledge, you have to think differently.
G. One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory.
答案以及解析
一、单选题
1.答案：A
解析："sufficient" 意为 "足够的；充足的"。根据 "Don't budget more for the trip, because the money I saved is... to cover all costs, including hotels and meals."(不要为这次旅行预算更多的钱了，因为我存的钱…… 支付所有费用，包括酒店和餐饮费用)可知，这里表示存的钱足够支付费用，"sufficient" 符合语境。"effective"(有效的)、"practical"(实际的；实用的)、"flexible"(灵活的)均不符合题意。
2.答案：B
解析："influential" 意为 "有影响力的"。根据 "regarded as one of the most... film directors of his generation" 可知，他被认为是他那一代最有影响力的电影导演之一，"influential" 符合语境。"essential" 意为 "必要的；基本的"；"initial" 意为 "最初的"；"racial" 意为 "种族的"，均不符合题意。
3.答案：D
解析：句意：这部电影没有什么特别之处——仅仅一般particular特别的；strange奇怪的；interesting有趣的；average一般的，不好不坏的。根据There was nothing special about this film可知，这部电影没什么特别之处，很一般。
4.答案：B
解析：考查比较级。句意：——你对克里斯托弗送给你的礼物满意吗？——当然！他给我的礼物最好。根据"You bet!"可知，Christopher给了"我"最好的礼物。"否定词+比较级"可以表示"最……不过"、"不比……更"的意思，相当于形容词的最高级的含义，则"He couldn't give me a better one."意为"他给我的礼物最好。"，符合上下文的语境。故选B。
5.答案：B
解析：考查形容词比较级。句意：史密斯先生非常高兴，因为在他的工厂生产的汽车从来没有这么受欢迎过。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处考查否定词和比较级连用，表示最高级概念。故选B。
6.答案：C
解析：考查形容词的比较等级。句意；这可能不是一个好建议。但在提出一个更好的建议之前，我们会将就(采纳)这个建议。根据may not be a great suggestion以及before is put forward可知，此处表示已有的建议和未提出的建议之间的比较，应用比较级。make do with 凑合，将就，为固定搭配。故选C。
7.答案：D
解析：本题考查最高级。句意： "黄河是我国第二长河。"longest前加序数词 the second 表示河流长度排序第二。
8.答案：C
解析：根据"I knew I couldn't trust him"可知卡特的笑容是虚假的。A选项"sincere"意为真诚的；B选项"distinct"意为明显的、独特的；C选项"artificial"意为人造的、虚假的，符合语境；D选项"influential"意为有影响力的。所以选C。
9.答案：A
解析：考查形容词。句意：当我回到家时，又冷又累，在火炉旁温暖我的骨头是件好事。
10.答案：C
解析：这个演讲是如此鼓舞人心以至于他们都非常激动。形容词"inspiring"意为"令人激励的，鼓舞人的"，通常修饰物；"exciting"意为"令人兴奋的";"inspired"意为"感到激励的","excited"意为"感到兴奋的"，通常修饰人；第一空前的主语为"The speech"指物，因此填"inspiring"，第二空前的主语为"they"指人，因此填"excited"，因此C项符合语境，故选：C。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段关键句"A study group of 23 people were given the Affective Health prototype to use for a month. Importantly, the researchers purposely did not tell the participants what the devices were useful for."(一个由23人组成的研究小组使用了一个月的Affective Health原型机。重要的是，研究人员故意不告诉参与者这些设备的用途)可知，研究人员没告诉参与者Affective Health原型机的用途，由此可知，参与者不知道原型机的具体用途。故选D。
12.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段关键句"But interestingly, few would use the technology for more than one purpose."(但有趣的是，很少有人会将该技术用于多个目的)可知，研究人员发现，有趣的是，很少有人会将该技术用于多个目的，由此可知，研究人员感兴趣的是许多人认为该装置是一种单一用途的工具。故选C。
13.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容"Although the open design phase helped reveal several different practices Affective Health prototypes could be used for, the prototype lacked some of the functions needed to make it a good tool for a specific role—such as a sports training system, or as a stress management tool. The researchers found the need for a second, more tailored step in the design process to make devices specific to particular roles."(尽管开放设计阶段帮助揭示了Affective Health原型机可用于的几种不同实践，但该原型机缺乏某些功能，无法使其成为特定角色的良好工具，如运动训练系统或压力管理工具。研究人员发现，在设计过程中需要第二个更为定制的步骤，以使设备针对特定角色)可知，Affective Health原型机缺乏某些功能，无法成为特定角色的良好工具，需要进一步改进，以使设备针对特定角色，由此可知，Affective Health原型机需要改进。故选D。
14.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句"An international team of researchers from Sweden and the UK have developed an innovative way of interpreting biological signals produced by our skin."(来自瑞典和英国的一个国际研究团队开发了一种解释我们皮肤产生的生物信号的创新方法)可知，本文主要介绍了一个名为"Affective Health原型机"的新发明，可以解读我们皮肤产生的生物信号，可以用来观测我们的情绪变化，"Technologies Interpret Biodata from the Skin"意为"技术从皮肤解读生物数据"，选项能够概括文章主要内容。故选D。
三、七选五
答案：CBADE
解析：本文是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章向我们描述了优秀的科学家的性格特点。
①与前文The Free Dictionary defines(定义)a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science。相呼应，选项C还将科学家定义为使用科学方法的人，选项C符合语境。故选C。
②根据下一句话Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work可知一个优秀的科学家对事物一定很好奇，选项B符合语境。故选B。
③根据下一句There are very few jobs that take longer than this one.可知成为一名科学家需要很长时间，选项A符合语境。故选A。
④根据前文A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal or outside commercial interests. Sticking to an old belief contradicted by evidence is dishonest无论个人利益还是商业利益，科学家必须诚实地报告发现。坚持与证据相矛盾的旧信仰是不诚实的。选项D However, that belief shouldn't be changed without powerful evidence.(然而，没有强有力的证据，这种信仰不应改变)是承接上一句话来描述的，符合语境。故选D。
⑤下一句He/She also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally。讲述的是科学家的工作方式，由句子中的also可知本空也是来描述科学家的工作方式。选项E He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what's needed。描写的是科学家可以单独或团体工作，这取决于工作的需要，符合语境。故选E。