（1）Unit 7 Careers—高二英语北师大版（2019）选修三期末易错题集训学案（含解析）
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| 名称 | （1）Unit 7 Careers—高二英语北师大版（2019）选修三期末易错题集训学案（含解析） |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 北师大版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-06-07 11:18:59 | ||
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（1）Unit 7 Careers—高二英语北师大版（2019）选修三期末易错题集训
重难知识易混易错
过去分词作状语
过去分词（短语）作状语时，表示被动或完成的动作，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。具体用法如下：
1. 功能及对应状语从句
时间状语：
相当于 when, while, after 等引导的时间状语从句。
例：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.
（= When the city is seen from the top of the hill, it looks beautiful）
原因状语：
相当于 as, since, because 等引导的原因状语从句。
例：Moved by her story, we all cried.
（= Because we were moved by her story, we all cried）
条件状语：
相当于 if, unless 等引导的条件状语从句。
例：Given more time, I can finish the work.
（= If I am given more time, I can finish the work）
让步状语：
相当于 though, although 等引导的让步状语从句。
例：Although tired, he kept working.
（= Although he was tired, he kept working）
方式或伴随状语：
可转换为并列句。
例：He sat by the window, lost in thought.
（= He sat by the window and was lost in thought）
2. 注意事项
带连词的过去分词状语：
过去分词前可加连词（如 when, though, if 等），明确状语类型。
例：When asked about his plan, he kept silent.
逻辑主语一致性：
过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，否则需用独立主格结构。
例：The test finished, we began to celebrate.
（独立主格结构，逻辑主语为 "the test"）
形容词化的过去分词：
部分过去分词已形容词化，作状语时表示主语的状态，常见词有：satisfied, surprised, interested, moved 等。
例：Surprised at the news, she couldn't say a word.
一、单选题
1.______ in looking after three children at home, she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.
A. Occupying B. Occupied C. To occupy D. Being occupied
2.______ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
A.Comparing B.To compare C.Compared D.Having compared
3.______ with a tough math problem, we brainstormed various solutions and finally worked it out through teamwork.
A. Facing B. Having faced C. To face D. Faced
4.______ into different languages, the sentence was found to have different artistic conceptions.
A. Translated B. Having translated C. Translating D. To translate
5.______ on figures from six different European cities,the report is reliable.
A. Based B. Basing C. To base D. Base
6.Coffee may cause sleep disturbance, especially when ______ in large amounts or after 2 pm.
A. consumed B. being consumed C. consuming D. having consumed
7.______ at the center of Beijing, the Forbidden City is mainly built of bricks.
A.Located B.Locating C.Being located D.Having located
8.______ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
A. Ordering B. To order C. Having ordered D. Ordered
9.______ in reading the novel, I even forgot to pick up my mother in the airport.
A.Absorbing B.Having absorbed C.Absorbed D.To absorb
10.______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A.Dressed B.To dress C.Dressing D.Having dressed
二、阅读理解
Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that moderation (适度) also gets results on the job.
In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields—the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn't pay to be a perfectionist.
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. "People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer", says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood (情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
Markman also promotes off-task time. "Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work," he says. "Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work."
11.What does Ellen Langer's study show
A. It is worthwhile to be a perfectionist.
B. Translation makes people knowledgeable.
C. Simpler jobs require greater caution.
D. Moderate effort produces the best result.
12.The underlined word "go-getter" in paragraph 3 refers to someone who _______.
A. is good at handling pressure. B. works hard to become successful.
C. has a natural talent for his job. D. gets on well with his co-workers.
13.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.A good thinker is able to inspire other people.
B.Experience unrelated to your job is useless.
C.A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind.
D.Focusing on what you do raises productivity.
14.What does the text seem to advocate
A. Middle-of-the-road work habits. B. Balance between work and family.
C. Long-standing cultural traditions. D. Harmony in the work environment.
三、七选五
My students frequently ask me how I planned out my career to become president of Fidelity Investments. I always tell them, "There was no grand plan; I backed into my career one step at a time." In this tough economy and ever-changing world, it is more important than ever to smartly evaluate each step in your career. To prepare for whatever surprises lie ahead, try to make choices today that will maximize your options in the future. ①_______
Gaining transferable(可转移的) knowledge begins with the choices you make at school. You want your education to provide you with the necessary skills and expertise to succeed in a wide variety of jobs. ②________ I favor those that involve extensive writing, rigorous analysis, or quantitative skills.
Once you have finished your formal education, search for jobs that will allow you to further expand your transferable knowledge—to help you find your next job. Let's say you take a job putting together airplane leases. Within a few years, you could become the world's expert on the subject. ③_______ By contrast, if you take a job that will expand your computer programming skills, you can greatly boost your options for later steps in your career.
Remember gaining transferable knowledge is only one piece of the puzzle. ④_______ As a saying goes, "Organizations don't hire people. People hire people." The more people you know, the more people will think of you when a job pops open—even when it is not publicly advertised.
Of course, you can build your network to some degree without changing jobs. ⑤_______ But this sort of event-driven networking pales in comparison with the deep bonds you can develop with your colleagues by working, communicating, and traveling with them.
A. You can make yourself more attractive.
B. Gain transferable expertise and form close bonds with your colleagues.
C. Your next step should help you expand your web of personal relationships.
D. This later helped me evaluate and start business units throughout the world.
E. You can attend conferences or participate in committees at trade associations.
F. This means that you need to make smart choices about the courses you will follow.
G. However, this narrow expertise probably won't help you in any other line of work.
答案以及解析
一、单选题
1.答案：B
解析：occupy oneself in."忙于"，此处she与occupy之间是动宾关系，用过去分词短语作状语。B项正确。故选：B。
2.答案：C
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：与整个地球的大小相比，最高的山看起来一点也不高。空白处在句子中做状语，使用非谓语动词，且与其逻辑主语the highest mountain之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以应用过去分词作状语，故选C项。
3.答案：D
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：面对一道棘手的数学题，我们集思广益想出了各种解决办法，最后通过团队合作把它解出来了。"be faced with" 是固定短语，意为 "面对"，这里 "faced with a tough math problem" 是过去分词短语作状语，相当于 "Because we were faced with a tough math problem"，表示原因。A. Facing 是现在分词形式，"face" 作及物动词时，常用 "face sth." 结构；B. Having faced 是现在分词的完成式，强调动作发生在谓语动词之前，这里不是这种情况；C. To face 是动词不定式，一般表示目的等，不符合语境。故选 D。
4.答案：A
解析：句子主语 the sentence 与 translate 之间是被动关系，即 "句子被翻译"，所以要用过去分词作状语。Having translated 表示分词动作发生在主句动作之前，且为主动；Translating 是现在分词，表主动；To translate 表示目的，均不符合语境，所以选 A，"被翻译成不同语言后，这个句子被发现有不同的艺术意境"。
5.答案：A
解析：A 选项 "Based" 是过去分词形式，过去分词作状语时，与句子主语之间构成被动关系，表示动作已经完成，在这里表示报告是基于这些数据被完成的，符合语境。
B 选项 "Basing" 是现在分词形式，现在分词作状语时，与句子主语之间构成主动关系，而这里报告不能主动 "基于"，所以 B 不符合。
C 选项 "To base" 是动词不定式，动词不定式作状语一般表示目的、结果或原因等，放在这里不符合句子要表达的逻辑关系，所以 C 不对。
D 选项 "Base" 是动词原形，在句中不能作状语，因为句中已经有了谓语动词 "is"，所以 D 也不正确。
综上所述，应该选 A。
6.答案：A
解析：A.consumed一般过去时或过去分词；B.being consumed现在分词的被动式；C. consuming现在分词；D.having consumed现在分词的完成式。根据句子结构可知，空中缺少的是时间状语从句的谓语部分；故结合选项可知，A正确。
7.答案：A
解析：locate"使坐落于"，与其逻辑主语the Forbidden City之间是动宾关系，为非谓语动词，用过去分词短语作状语，单词首字母大写。A项正确。
8.答案：D
解析："Ordered over a week ago" 是过去分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语是 "the books"，"books" 与 "order" 是被动关系，即书是被订购的，用过去分词表示被动和完成的动作，符合语境。A 选项 "Ordering" 是现在分词，表示主动关系，不符合书与订购的逻辑关系；B 选项 "To order" 是不定式，常表示目的等，不符合此处语境；C 选项 "Having ordered" 是现在分词的完成式，也是表示主动关系，不符合要求。所以选 D。
9.答案：C
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我全神贯注地看小说，甚至忘了去机场接我妈妈。be absorbed in全神贯注于，在句中作状语，表原因，所以用过去分词形式。故选C。
10.答案：A
解析：考查非谓语动词：句意：穿着白色的制服，他看起来更像一个厨师而不是医生。固定搭配be dressed in"穿着"，此处去掉be动词，使用过去分词，作状语，选A。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段"Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that moderation also gets results on the job. (许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。)"和第二段中"In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. (在哈佛大学 Ellen Langer 领导的一项研究中，研究人员要求人们将句子翻译成一种新的虚构的语言。那些事先适度练习这门语言的受试者比那些全力练习或根本不练习的受试者犯的错误要少。)"可知，第一段提出主题，即适度的工作也会带来成果，接着第二段作者用Ellen Langer的研究来证明这一点，由此可推知，Ellen Langer 的研究表明适度的努力会产生最好的结果。
12.答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文"while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. (而他那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事们则在角落办公室里得到不屑的目光。)"可知，while 前后是对比关系，那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事会得到别人不屑的目光，即被认为不努力工作，相反，那些在办公桌前吃午饭的年轻银行家可能被视为是一个努力工作以求成功的人，由此可知，划线单词go-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人。
13.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中"Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. (此外，许多研究表明，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力。)"可知，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力，可知，愉快的心情有助于创造性思维。
14.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中"but research has found that moderation (适度) also gets results on the job. (但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果)"和第二段中"High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn't pay to be a perfectionist. (高尽责性与低工作表现有关，尤其是在简单的工作中，追求完美并不值得。)"可知，文章主要介绍研究表明适度的工作也会带来成果，所以文章提倡适度工作，即中庸的工作习惯。故选 A。
三、七选五
答案：BFGCE
解析：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了职业生涯规划的影响技巧。
①根据下文"Gaining transferable (可转移的) knowledge begins with the choices you make at school. (可转让收益知识始于你在学校做出的选择)"推知，上文提到了"transferable (可转移的) knowledge"。B项" Gain transferable expertise and form close bonds with your colleagues. (获得可转移的专业知识，并与同事建立密切联系)"符合语境。故选B。
②根据上文"You want your education to provide you with the necessary skills and expertise to succeed in a wide variety of jobs.(你希望你的教育能为你提供必要的技能和专业知识，从而在各种各样的工作中取得成功)"可知，想要教育为你提供必要的技能和专业知识，就意味着对将要学习的专业课程做出明智的选择。F项"This means that you need to make smart choices about the courses you will follow. (这意味着你需要对你将要学习的课程做出明智的选择)"符合语境。故选F。
③根据上文"Let's say you take a job putting together airplane leases. Within a few years, you could become the world's expert on the subject. (比方说，你做了一份飞机租赁的工作。几年内，你就可以成为这方面的世界专家)"以及下文"By contrast, if you take a job that will expand your computer programming skills, you can greatly boost your options for later steps in your career. (相比之下，如果你从事的工作能够提高你的计算机编程技能，你可以极大地提高你职业生涯中后续步骤的选择。)"推知，空处与上文形成转折关系，指出这种领域的工作技能可能在其他行业帮不上忙。选项G" However, this narrow expertise probably won't help you in any other line of work. (然而，这种狭隘的专业知识可能在任何其他工作领域都帮不上你)"承上启下，符合题意。故选G。
④根据下文"As a saying goes, 'Organizations don't hire people. People hire people.'(俗话说，'组织不雇佣人。人们雇佣人。')"可知，人际关系非常重要，选项C"Your next step should help you expand your web of personal relationships. (你的下一步应该可以帮助你拓展你的人际关系网)"符合题意。故选C。
⑤根据上文"Of course, you can build your network to some degree without changing jobs.(当然，你可以在一定程度上建立你的人际网络，而不必换工作)"说明可以使用其他的方式来建立人际关系网，选项E "You can attend conferences or participate in committees at trade associations. (你可以参加会议或参加贸易协会的委员会)"符合题意。故选E。
重难知识易混易错
过去分词作状语
过去分词（短语）作状语时，表示被动或完成的动作，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。具体用法如下：
1. 功能及对应状语从句
时间状语：
相当于 when, while, after 等引导的时间状语从句。
例：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.
（= When the city is seen from the top of the hill, it looks beautiful）
原因状语：
相当于 as, since, because 等引导的原因状语从句。
例：Moved by her story, we all cried.
（= Because we were moved by her story, we all cried）
条件状语：
相当于 if, unless 等引导的条件状语从句。
例：Given more time, I can finish the work.
（= If I am given more time, I can finish the work）
让步状语：
相当于 though, although 等引导的让步状语从句。
例：Although tired, he kept working.
（= Although he was tired, he kept working）
方式或伴随状语：
可转换为并列句。
例：He sat by the window, lost in thought.
（= He sat by the window and was lost in thought）
2. 注意事项
带连词的过去分词状语：
过去分词前可加连词（如 when, though, if 等），明确状语类型。
例：When asked about his plan, he kept silent.
逻辑主语一致性：
过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，否则需用独立主格结构。
例：The test finished, we began to celebrate.
（独立主格结构，逻辑主语为 "the test"）
形容词化的过去分词：
部分过去分词已形容词化，作状语时表示主语的状态，常见词有：satisfied, surprised, interested, moved 等。
例：Surprised at the news, she couldn't say a word.
一、单选题
1.______ in looking after three children at home, she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.
A. Occupying B. Occupied C. To occupy D. Being occupied
2.______ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
A.Comparing B.To compare C.Compared D.Having compared
3.______ with a tough math problem, we brainstormed various solutions and finally worked it out through teamwork.
A. Facing B. Having faced C. To face D. Faced
4.______ into different languages, the sentence was found to have different artistic conceptions.
A. Translated B. Having translated C. Translating D. To translate
5.______ on figures from six different European cities,the report is reliable.
A. Based B. Basing C. To base D. Base
6.Coffee may cause sleep disturbance, especially when ______ in large amounts or after 2 pm.
A. consumed B. being consumed C. consuming D. having consumed
7.______ at the center of Beijing, the Forbidden City is mainly built of bricks.
A.Located B.Locating C.Being located D.Having located
8.______ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
A. Ordering B. To order C. Having ordered D. Ordered
9.______ in reading the novel, I even forgot to pick up my mother in the airport.
A.Absorbing B.Having absorbed C.Absorbed D.To absorb
10.______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A.Dressed B.To dress C.Dressing D.Having dressed
二、阅读理解
Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that moderation (适度) also gets results on the job.
In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields—the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn't pay to be a perfectionist.
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. "People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer", says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood (情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
Markman also promotes off-task time. "Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work," he says. "Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work."
11.What does Ellen Langer's study show
A. It is worthwhile to be a perfectionist.
B. Translation makes people knowledgeable.
C. Simpler jobs require greater caution.
D. Moderate effort produces the best result.
12.The underlined word "go-getter" in paragraph 3 refers to someone who _______.
A. is good at handling pressure. B. works hard to become successful.
C. has a natural talent for his job. D. gets on well with his co-workers.
13.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.A good thinker is able to inspire other people.
B.Experience unrelated to your job is useless.
C.A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind.
D.Focusing on what you do raises productivity.
14.What does the text seem to advocate
A. Middle-of-the-road work habits. B. Balance between work and family.
C. Long-standing cultural traditions. D. Harmony in the work environment.
三、七选五
My students frequently ask me how I planned out my career to become president of Fidelity Investments. I always tell them, "There was no grand plan; I backed into my career one step at a time." In this tough economy and ever-changing world, it is more important than ever to smartly evaluate each step in your career. To prepare for whatever surprises lie ahead, try to make choices today that will maximize your options in the future. ①_______
Gaining transferable(可转移的) knowledge begins with the choices you make at school. You want your education to provide you with the necessary skills and expertise to succeed in a wide variety of jobs. ②________ I favor those that involve extensive writing, rigorous analysis, or quantitative skills.
Once you have finished your formal education, search for jobs that will allow you to further expand your transferable knowledge—to help you find your next job. Let's say you take a job putting together airplane leases. Within a few years, you could become the world's expert on the subject. ③_______ By contrast, if you take a job that will expand your computer programming skills, you can greatly boost your options for later steps in your career.
Remember gaining transferable knowledge is only one piece of the puzzle. ④_______ As a saying goes, "Organizations don't hire people. People hire people." The more people you know, the more people will think of you when a job pops open—even when it is not publicly advertised.
Of course, you can build your network to some degree without changing jobs. ⑤_______ But this sort of event-driven networking pales in comparison with the deep bonds you can develop with your colleagues by working, communicating, and traveling with them.
A. You can make yourself more attractive.
B. Gain transferable expertise and form close bonds with your colleagues.
C. Your next step should help you expand your web of personal relationships.
D. This later helped me evaluate and start business units throughout the world.
E. You can attend conferences or participate in committees at trade associations.
F. This means that you need to make smart choices about the courses you will follow.
G. However, this narrow expertise probably won't help you in any other line of work.
答案以及解析
一、单选题
1.答案：B
解析：occupy oneself in."忙于"，此处she与occupy之间是动宾关系，用过去分词短语作状语。B项正确。故选：B。
2.答案：C
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：与整个地球的大小相比，最高的山看起来一点也不高。空白处在句子中做状语，使用非谓语动词，且与其逻辑主语the highest mountain之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以应用过去分词作状语，故选C项。
3.答案：D
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：面对一道棘手的数学题，我们集思广益想出了各种解决办法，最后通过团队合作把它解出来了。"be faced with" 是固定短语，意为 "面对"，这里 "faced with a tough math problem" 是过去分词短语作状语，相当于 "Because we were faced with a tough math problem"，表示原因。A. Facing 是现在分词形式，"face" 作及物动词时，常用 "face sth." 结构；B. Having faced 是现在分词的完成式，强调动作发生在谓语动词之前，这里不是这种情况；C. To face 是动词不定式，一般表示目的等，不符合语境。故选 D。
4.答案：A
解析：句子主语 the sentence 与 translate 之间是被动关系，即 "句子被翻译"，所以要用过去分词作状语。Having translated 表示分词动作发生在主句动作之前，且为主动；Translating 是现在分词，表主动；To translate 表示目的，均不符合语境，所以选 A，"被翻译成不同语言后，这个句子被发现有不同的艺术意境"。
5.答案：A
解析：A 选项 "Based" 是过去分词形式，过去分词作状语时，与句子主语之间构成被动关系，表示动作已经完成，在这里表示报告是基于这些数据被完成的，符合语境。
B 选项 "Basing" 是现在分词形式，现在分词作状语时，与句子主语之间构成主动关系，而这里报告不能主动 "基于"，所以 B 不符合。
C 选项 "To base" 是动词不定式，动词不定式作状语一般表示目的、结果或原因等，放在这里不符合句子要表达的逻辑关系，所以 C 不对。
D 选项 "Base" 是动词原形，在句中不能作状语，因为句中已经有了谓语动词 "is"，所以 D 也不正确。
综上所述，应该选 A。
6.答案：A
解析：A.consumed一般过去时或过去分词；B.being consumed现在分词的被动式；C. consuming现在分词；D.having consumed现在分词的完成式。根据句子结构可知，空中缺少的是时间状语从句的谓语部分；故结合选项可知，A正确。
7.答案：A
解析：locate"使坐落于"，与其逻辑主语the Forbidden City之间是动宾关系，为非谓语动词，用过去分词短语作状语，单词首字母大写。A项正确。
8.答案：D
解析："Ordered over a week ago" 是过去分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语是 "the books"，"books" 与 "order" 是被动关系，即书是被订购的，用过去分词表示被动和完成的动作，符合语境。A 选项 "Ordering" 是现在分词，表示主动关系，不符合书与订购的逻辑关系；B 选项 "To order" 是不定式，常表示目的等，不符合此处语境；C 选项 "Having ordered" 是现在分词的完成式，也是表示主动关系，不符合要求。所以选 D。
9.答案：C
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我全神贯注地看小说，甚至忘了去机场接我妈妈。be absorbed in全神贯注于，在句中作状语，表原因，所以用过去分词形式。故选C。
10.答案：A
解析：考查非谓语动词：句意：穿着白色的制服，他看起来更像一个厨师而不是医生。固定搭配be dressed in"穿着"，此处去掉be动词，使用过去分词，作状语，选A。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段"Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that moderation also gets results on the job. (许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。)"和第二段中"In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. (在哈佛大学 Ellen Langer 领导的一项研究中，研究人员要求人们将句子翻译成一种新的虚构的语言。那些事先适度练习这门语言的受试者比那些全力练习或根本不练习的受试者犯的错误要少。)"可知，第一段提出主题，即适度的工作也会带来成果，接着第二段作者用Ellen Langer的研究来证明这一点，由此可推知，Ellen Langer 的研究表明适度的努力会产生最好的结果。
12.答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文"while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. (而他那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事们则在角落办公室里得到不屑的目光。)"可知，while 前后是对比关系，那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事会得到别人不屑的目光，即被认为不努力工作，相反，那些在办公桌前吃午饭的年轻银行家可能被视为是一个努力工作以求成功的人，由此可知，划线单词go-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人。
13.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中"Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. (此外，许多研究表明，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力。)"可知，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力，可知，愉快的心情有助于创造性思维。
14.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中"but research has found that moderation (适度) also gets results on the job. (但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果)"和第二段中"High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn't pay to be a perfectionist. (高尽责性与低工作表现有关，尤其是在简单的工作中，追求完美并不值得。)"可知，文章主要介绍研究表明适度的工作也会带来成果，所以文章提倡适度工作，即中庸的工作习惯。故选 A。
三、七选五
答案：BFGCE
解析：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了职业生涯规划的影响技巧。
①根据下文"Gaining transferable (可转移的) knowledge begins with the choices you make at school. (可转让收益知识始于你在学校做出的选择)"推知，上文提到了"transferable (可转移的) knowledge"。B项" Gain transferable expertise and form close bonds with your colleagues. (获得可转移的专业知识，并与同事建立密切联系)"符合语境。故选B。
②根据上文"You want your education to provide you with the necessary skills and expertise to succeed in a wide variety of jobs.(你希望你的教育能为你提供必要的技能和专业知识，从而在各种各样的工作中取得成功)"可知，想要教育为你提供必要的技能和专业知识，就意味着对将要学习的专业课程做出明智的选择。F项"This means that you need to make smart choices about the courses you will follow. (这意味着你需要对你将要学习的课程做出明智的选择)"符合语境。故选F。
③根据上文"Let's say you take a job putting together airplane leases. Within a few years, you could become the world's expert on the subject. (比方说，你做了一份飞机租赁的工作。几年内，你就可以成为这方面的世界专家)"以及下文"By contrast, if you take a job that will expand your computer programming skills, you can greatly boost your options for later steps in your career. (相比之下，如果你从事的工作能够提高你的计算机编程技能，你可以极大地提高你职业生涯中后续步骤的选择。)"推知，空处与上文形成转折关系，指出这种领域的工作技能可能在其他行业帮不上忙。选项G" However, this narrow expertise probably won't help you in any other line of work. (然而，这种狭隘的专业知识可能在任何其他工作领域都帮不上你)"承上启下，符合题意。故选G。
④根据下文"As a saying goes, 'Organizations don't hire people. People hire people.'(俗话说，'组织不雇佣人。人们雇佣人。')"可知，人际关系非常重要，选项C"Your next step should help you expand your web of personal relationships. (你的下一步应该可以帮助你拓展你的人际关系网)"符合题意。故选C。
⑤根据上文"Of course, you can build your network to some degree without changing jobs.(当然，你可以在一定程度上建立你的人际网络，而不必换工作)"说明可以使用其他的方式来建立人际关系网，选项E "You can attend conferences or participate in committees at trade associations. (你可以参加会议或参加贸易协会的委员会)"符合题意。故选E。