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知识过关 第3讲 语法知识
Module1感官动词
表示人的感官动作的系动词称为感官动词。这类动词有 look(看上去), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), feel(摸起来)。作为系动词，它们本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后面必须接形容词作表语，构成系表结构来说明主语的状态、特征、性质等。
如: The children look very happy on Children's Day. 儿童节这天孩子们看上去很高兴。
The flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。
The dish tastes salty.这道菜尝起来很咸。
The sofa feels comfortable.这个沙发摸起来很舒服。
【注意】1.这类系动词与 be动词不同，变否定句和疑问句时要借助助动词。
如: The party sounds noisy.
Does the party sound noisy
The party doesn't sound noisy.
2.感官动词后只能跟形容词作表语，不能跟副词。
The idea sounds good.( )
The idea sounds well.( ×)
3.感官动词不能用于进行时态。
The cookie tastes sweet.( )
The cookie is tasting sweet.( ×)
4.感官动词无被动语态。
The dress feels soft.( )
The dress is felt soft.( ×)
Module 2 Experiences
现在完成时(一)
1.含义：现在完成时表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，还可表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。
2.基本结构：
(1)肯定句:主语+ have/ has+动词过去分词+其他.
(2)否定句:主语+ have/ has + not +动词过去分词+其他.
(3)一般疑问句: Have/ Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他
肯定回答: Yes,主语+ have/ has.
否定回答: No,主语+ haven't/ hasn't.
3.规则动词的过去分词的构成与过去式形式相同；不规则动词的过去分词的变化要特殊记忆。
4.辨析 have/ has been to, have/ has gone to 与have/ has been in
(1) have/ has been to 表示曾经去过某地,但已经回来了。
如: They have been to Beijing. 他们去过北京。
(2) have/ has gone to 表示去了某地还没有回来。
如: Linda has gone to America.琳达去美国了。
(3) have/ has been in 表示一直待在某地,常与时间段搭配。
如: She has been in Hefei for nearly 20years.她在合肥待了近20年。
Module3现在完成时(二)
含义：表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
构成: have/ has+动词过去分词
常与现在完成时连用的副词: just, already, yet易混点：
1. just副词，意为“刚刚；刚才”，可用于现在完成时态；just now意为“刚才”，用于一般过去时态。
如:I have just heard the news.我刚已经听过这个消息。
I heard the news just now.我刚才听到了这个消息。
2. already常用于肯定句,常位于助动词 have/has 之后，过去分词之前；yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句，常位于句末。
如:I have already eaten.我已经吃过了。
Has she gone to school yet 她已经去学校了吗
3. have been to 表示“去过”,已经回来; havegone to 表示“去了”,还没有回来。
如: Have you ever been to Greece 你去过希腊吗
Everybody has gone home.每个人都回家了。
4.一般过去时和现在完成时的比较：
(1)一般过去时与具体的表示过去的时间状语(如 yesterday,… ago 等)连用,强调动作在过去的某个时间发生，与现在无关。
(2)现在完成时在表达经历时只表示该事件是在现在之前的某一个时间里发生的，重点在于已完成动作对现在的影响。
如:I have already finished my homework. Ifinished it an hour ago.我已经完成家庭作业了，一小时前完成的。
Module 4现在完成时(三)
现在完成时在表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时，常与“for+一段时间”或“since+时间点/从句”等时间状语连用。对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，应用 howlong。
如:— How long have you lived here 你住在这里多久了
—— For six years./ Since six years ago.六年了。/自从六年前。
【注意】在现在完成时中，使用的动词通常是延续性动词，非延续性动词不能直接和表示一段时间的状语连用，但可以被替换为延续性动词。
常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换:come→be, come to→be in/ at, go out→be out,leave→be away, begin/start→be on,stop→be over, buy→have, borrow→keep, open→be open,close→be closed, fall ill→be ill,die→be dead, catch a cold→have a cold, get to know→know,become→be, fall asleep→be asleep,join→be a member of。
如: He joined the club three years ago. = He has been a member of the club since three years ago.
他三年前就加入了这个俱乐部。
Module 5
复习一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时
1.一般现在时
(1)概念：经常性或习惯性的行为或状态；客观事实或普遍真理。
(2)时间状语: always, usually, sometimes, often,every week(day, month, year…), once a week, on Sundays
2.一般过去时
(1)概念：过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作或行为。
(2)时间状语:… ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, in 1989, last week(year, night,month…), just now, at the age of……, long ago, once upon a time
3.现在完成时
(1)概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
(2)时间状语: recently, lately, since..., for...,in the past few years
4.一般现在时、一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作；而一般过去时表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。
现在完成时侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响或过去的动作持续到现在并有可能继续持续下去；而一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关。
Module 6 Hobbies
简单句的基本句型
英语中的句子分为简单句和复合句，本模块介绍了六种简单句的基本句型。
1. S+ Vi.(主语+不及物动词)
如: The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
She is walking along the road.她正沿着路走。
2. S+ Vt. +O(主语+及物动词+宾语)
如: He found a bird in the tree.他发现树上有一只鸟。
I like this book very much.我很喜欢这本书。
3. S+ link. V+P(主语+系动词+表语)
(1)系动词的位置可以用 be动词来代替。
(2)系动词可分为：
表状态的系动词: be, keep, lie, look, remain,seem, smell, sound, feel, stand, stay, taste等。
表变化或结果的系动词: become, come, get,grow, go, fall, prove, turn 等。
如: Time is up.时间到了。
She was becoming angry.她开始生气了。
4. S+ Vt. +IO+DO(主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)
如: He bought his sister a piano.他给他妹妹买了一架钢琴。
I gave him an apple.我给了他一个苹果。
5. S+ Vt. +O+OC(主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语)
如: She kept us waiting for over three hours.她让我们等了3个多小时。
Reading books makes her happy. 读书使她高兴。
6. There be 句型: There + be+S(There+ be+主语)
如: There are many books in his schoolbag.在他的书包里有很多书。
There is a very nice cup on the table.在桌子上有一个非常漂亮的杯子。
Module 7 Hobbies并列复合句
1.并列复合句的含义是指由并列连词 and，but，or等把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。基本结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句。
2.并列连词前后简单句之间的关系
(1)并列关系
如: She is singing and I'm dancing.她在唱歌，我在跳舞。
(2)选择关系
如: They can go with us, or they can stay at home.他们可以和我们一起去，或者他们可以待在家里。
(3)转折关系
如: She was tired, but she did not stop working.她感到疲惫，但她没有停止工作。
3.由并列连词词组连接成的并列复合句
常用词组有 not only… but also…, either… or…,neither… nor…, not… but…, both… and…等。
如: Not only he but also all of us were invited.不仅他而且我们大家都被邀请了。
Either you do it, or I ask somebody else to do it.要么你来做，要么我请其他人来做。
4.使用并列复合句要注意的几种情况
(1)并列复合句有时可不用连词，而是用分号隔开(前后句之间的关系须相当紧密)。
如: We are tired; we will go home.我们累了，我们要回家了。
(2)并列连词后的简单句如果与其前面的简单句有相同的部分，则连词之后的简单句中省去相同的部分。
如: You can go to Wuhan for holiday or stay at home for study.你可以去武汉度假或待在家里学习。
Module 8 Time off宾语从句(一)
1.宾语从句的定义
谓语动词的宾语除了由名词、代词、动词的-ing形式或 to do 形式来充当外，还可以用一个完整的句子来充当，即在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。
2.宾语从句的分类
宾语从句可以分为三类：
(1)由 that引导的宾语从句。
(2)由 if/ whether引导的宾语从句。
(3)由疑问词(组)引导的宾语从句。
3. that引导的宾语从句
当谓语动词表示肯定的概念，如“希望”“相信”“知道”或“说”时，其后面的句子一般用 that引导，且用陈述语序。that没有任何词汇意义，只有语法功能，在口语中 that通常可以省略，但在正式场合下，特别是表示建议或要求的从句，一般不省略。
如: He said (that) he would come.他说他会来。
(1)常接 that 引导的宾语从句的谓语动词有: believe, expect, explain, feel, hope,hear, imagine, prefer, promise, report, say,see, tell, think, understand, warn, wish等。
(2)若 that 引导的 宾语从 句接在 think,believe, suppose, expect 等动词后且主语是第一人称，变否定句时，否定应体现在主句上。
如:I don't think (that) you are right.我认为你是不对的。
(3)若从句表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象等，从句的时态用一般现在时。
如: My teacher told us that 25th December is Christmas Day.老师告诉我们12 月25日是圣诞节。
Module 9宾语从句(二)
1.由 whether/ if引导的宾语从句
whether/ if这两个连词意为“是否”,主要用来引导一般疑问句形式的或选择疑问句形式的宾语从句，口语中常用 if，不可省略。但当与 or not连用时,只能用 whether不能用 if。
如: He doesn't know whether they will plant trees on Saturday or not.他不知道他们周六是否会植树。
She asked whether/ if the answer was right.她问那个答案是否是对的。
2.由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句
由特殊疑问词如 who, whose, what,which, when, where, how, why 等引导的宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化来的。疑问词在句中有实际意义，且在宾语从句中充当句子成分，不能省略。疑问代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语等；疑问副词在从句中作状语。
【注意】疑问语序需改为陈述语序。
如: He knows when we started.他知道我们是什么时候开始的。
I didn't know where he was born.我不知道他在哪里出生。
I don't understand why they like computer games so much.我不理解为什么他们如此喜欢电脑游戏。
Do you know when we will hold the sports meeting 你知道我们什么时候开运动会吗
常接宾语从句的动词有: see, say, tell,ask, answer, know, show, decide, find, wonder,imagine, understand 等。
Module 10
宾语从句(三)
宾语从句的时态问题：
(1)当主句的时态是一般现在时的时候，其从句可以是任何适当的时态，即从句的时态应根据实际情况而定。
如: She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.她说她从周一至周五上班。 (从句是一般现在时)
She says(that) she will leave a message on his desk.她说她要在他的桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)
She says (that) she has never been to Mount Huang.她说她从来没有去过黄山。 (从句是现在完成时)
(2)当主句的时态是一般过去时的时候，其从句一般要用任一适当的过去时态。
如: He said ( that) there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)
He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)
He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time.他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)
(3)当从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，无论主句是什么时态，从句的时态都要用一般现在时。
如: The teacher told us ( that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。
He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光比声音传播得快得多。
一、单项选择
1．Those oranges ________, please throw them away.
A．smell badly B．smell bad C．are smelled badly D．are smelled bad
【答案】B
【知识点】bad(worse worst)、badly、形容词作表语、感官动词
【详解】句意：那些桔子闻起来坏了，请把它们扔掉。
考查系动词用法。smell“闻起来”，感官系动词，没有被动语态，所以C和D选项不正确。badly“坏地”，副词；bad“坏的”，形容词。根据“smell”可知，这里是系表结构，用形容词bad作表语，所以A选项不正确。 故选B。
2．With four big windows, each classroom in the new teaching building looks ________.
A．cleanly B．brightly C．clean D．bright
【答案】D
【知识点】感官动词、形容词作表语、clean、brightly、bright
【详解】句意：新教学楼的每个教室都有四个大窗户，看起来很明亮。
考查感官动词。cleanly干净地，副词；brightly 明亮地，副词；clean 干净的，形容词；bright 明亮的，形容词。looks为感官动词，后接形容词。又根据“With four big windows”可推测窗户又大又多，教室看起来会比较明亮。故选D。
3．Bobby looks very ________.
A．sadly B．happily C．carefully D．lovely
【答案】D
【知识点】感官动词、形容词作表语、sadly、lovely、happily、carefully
【详解】句意：鲍比看起来很可爱。
考查词义辨析。sadly伤心地；happily高兴地；carefully仔细地；lovely可爱的。分析句子可知，look为感官系动词，后加形容词，作表语，故选D。
4．I like the shirt very much. It ________ very comfortable.
A．feels B．tastes C．sounds D．smells
【答案】A
【知识点】感官动词、动词辨析、taste、smell(smelt smelt -ed -ed)、feel
【详解】句意：我非常喜欢这件衬衫。摸起来很舒服。
考查动词辨析。feels摸起来；tastes尝起来；sounds听起来；smells闻起来。根据“I like the shirt very much.”可知是衬衫摸起来很舒服，用feels。故选A。
5．—What does Lily ________
—She is tall and she ________ young.
A．look; looks B．look like; looks C．look; looks like D．look like; look
【答案】B
【知识点】感官动词、特殊疑问句、动词短语、be/look like
【详解】句意：——莉莉长什么样？——她很高，看起来很年轻。
考查动词（短语）。look看起来；look like看起来像……。第一句是特殊疑问句，根据“She is tall and she ...young.”可知，问句是询问长什么样子，用固定句型“what does/do sb lokk like ”表示，排除A、C；第二空后是形容词young，表示“看起来很年轻”，且主语是she，所以用感官系动词looks。故选B 。
6．Listen! The birds are making beautiful ________ and they sound ________.
A．sounds: beautiful B．sound; beautiful C．sound; beautifully D．sounds; beautifully
【答案】A
【知识点】感官动词、形容词作表语、动词短语、beautifully、beautiful
【详解】句意：听！鸟儿在发出美丽的声音，听起来很美。
考查sound用法。sounds声音，可数名词复数；sound听起来，动词；beautiful美丽的，形容词；beautifully美丽地，副词。分析句子可知，前句使用固定短语make sounds，表示“发出声音”，sounds是名词复数，形容词beautiful修饰名词sounds作定语；后句中的“sound”为感官动词，其后跟形容词作表语。故选A。
7．—Gina, when did you leave Gui Zhou
—In February, 2018. I ________ for about five years.
A．leave B．left C．have left D．have been away
【答案】D
【知识点】延续性动词与非延续性动词、含since/for的现在完成时、left、leave(left left)
【详解】句意：——吉娜，你什么时候离开贵州的？——2018年2月。我已经离开大约五年了。
考查时态。根据“ …for about five years.”可知，此处的时态是现在完成时，排除A、B；当现在完成时和一段时间连用时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，leave“离开”，是短暂性动词，要变成延续性动词be away，排除C。故选D。
8．—I ________ Yunnan twice. What about you
—Only once. I ________ there last summer.
A．visited; visited B．have visited; have visited
C．visited; have visited D．have visited; visited
【答案】D
【知识点】表示影响（动作已完成）、过去发生的动作/状态
【详解】句意：——我去过云南两次。你呢？——只去过一次。我去年夏天去的。
考查动词时态。根据句中“twice”可知，本句应用现在完成时，第一空用“have visited”；根据“last summer”可知，表示具体的过去时间，应用一般过去时，第二空用“visited”。故选D。
9．My robot ______ a virus and it has gone wrong.
A．catches B．caught C．is caught D．has caught
【答案】D
【知识点】表示影响（动作已完成）
【详解】句意：我的机器人感染了病毒，出了问题。
考查动词时态。根据“it has gone wrong”可知，机器人感染病毒出了问题，指过去的动作对现在造成了影响，应为现在完成时。故选D。
10．—It’s a long time since I last saw Jane. I wonder if she ________ a lot.
—Yes, she is taller and more outgoing.
A．was changing B．has changed C．will change D．changes
【答案】B
【知识点】表示影响（动作已完成）
【详解】句意：——自从我上次见到简以来，已经有很长时间了。我想知道她是不是变了很多。——是的，她更高了也更外向了。
考查现在完成时。was changing过去进行时；has changed现在完成时；will change一般将来时；changes第三人称单数。根据句意可知，Jane的改变是从上次见面以后开始的，是过去发生的事情，而且影响到了现在，所以用现在完成时，其结构是“主语+ have/has +动词的过去分词”，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用has，change的过去分词是changed。故选B。
11．My father has taught in this school _________ he was twenty years old.
A．because B．since C．when D．after
【答案】B
【知识点】从属连词辨析、since引导时间状语从句、含since/for的现在完成时、because
【详解】句意：我父亲从二十岁起就在这所学校教书。
考查连词。because因为；since自从；when当……时候；after在……之后。根据“My father has taught in this school”可知，主句是现在完成时，从句是一般过去时，应用since引导的时间状语从句。故选B。
12．—________ your uncle ________ the Great Wall
—Yes, he has.
A．Did; visit B．Has; visited C．Does; visit D．Will; visit
【答案】B
【知识点】表示影响（动作已完成）、一般疑问句
【详解】句意：——你叔叔参观长城了吗？——是的，他参观过了。
考查现在完成时的一般疑问句。根据回答“Yes, he has.”可知，此处也应用Has提问，为现在完成时的一般疑问句。故选B。
13．—Sir, I come here to return the book I borrowed two months ago.
—OK. But you should pay extra money as you ________ the books longer than expected.
A．kept B．borrowed C．have kept D．have borrowed
【答案】C
【知识点】延续性动词与非延续性动词、表示影响（动作已完成）、动词辨析
【详解】句意：——先生，我是来归还两个月前借的书的。——好的。但是你应该付额外的钱，因为你书借得比预料的时间长。
考查动词的时态。kept保存，借；borrowed借入，非延续性动词。根据“But you should pay extra money as you …the books longer than expected.”可知，此处表示过去已经发生的动作对现在的影响，使用现在完成时，结构为have/has done，动词应用延续性动词keep，过去分词为kept。故选C。
14．How tidy the room is! Tom _________ it.
A．is cleaning B．was cleaning C．will clean D．has cleaned
【答案】D
【知识点】表示影响（动作已完成）
【详解】句意：房间真整洁！汤姆已经把它打扫干净了。
考查现在完成时态。根据“How tidy the room is!”可知，汤姆已经把它打扫干净了，应用现在完成时“has/have done”，表示动作已经完成，对现在所造成的影响，主语为Tom，助动词用has，故选D。
15．It ________ two months since I ________ my hometown.
A．was; leave B．was; left C．has been; leave D．has been; left
【答案】D
【知识点】含since/for的现在完成时、过去发生的动作/状态、left、leave(left left)
【详解】句意：我离开家乡已经两个月了。
考查动词的时态。leave离开，动词原形；left为动词的过去式或过去分词。根据“It…two months since I…my hometown.”可知，此句为since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”，从句用一般过去时，第一个空应填has been，第二个空应填left。故选D。
16．—I ________ my homework yet. How about you, Denny
—Oh, I ________ it one hour ago.
A．didn’t do, finish B．haven’t done, finished
C．haven’t done, haven’t finished D．don’t do, finish
【答案】B
【知识点】否定句、表示影响（动作已完成）、过去发生的动作/状态
【详解】句意：——我还没有做作业。你呢，丹尼？——哦，我一小时前就做完了。
考查时态。根据句中yet可知，第一空所在句子为现在完成时，结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”，主语为I，助动词用have，又因为yet用于否定句，所以该句为否定句，谓语部分为haven’t done；第二空所在句子时间状语为“one hour ago”，所以该句用一般过去时，谓语动词为finished，故选B。
17．—________ you ________ your homework so far
— Not yet. I ________ TV and played computer games last night.
A．Did, finish, watched B．Have, finished, watched
C．Have, finished, have watched D．Did, finish, have watched
【答案】B
【知识点】表示影响（动作已完成）、过去发生的动作/状态
【详解】句意·：——到目前为止你完成作业了吗？——还没有。昨晚我看了电视，玩了电脑游戏。
考查动词时态。根据“...your homework so far ”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，一般疑问句应使用have引导，因此排除选项A和选项D；根据“I...TV and played computer games last night.”可知，第二句时态为一般过去时，动词应使用过去式，因此排除选项C。故选B。
18．—Mrs Watson, how long can the books from the school library ________
—At most two weeks.
A．borrow B．keep C．be borrowed D．be kept
【答案】D
【知识点】延续性动词与非延续性动词、含情态动词的被动语态、keep(kept kept)、borrow
【详解】句意：——沃森夫人，从校图书馆借的书可以保留多久？——最多两周。
考查延续性动词与非延续性动词的辨析和语态。borrow借（瞬间动词）；keep持有（延续性动词）；be borrowed被借走；be kept被持有。根据主语“books”与动词keep/borrow是被动关系，要用被动语态表示“书被借”，结构为be+过去分词；并结合“How long”表示为一段时间，所以动词要用延续性动词，故选D。
19．—Perfect photos, good skills!
—Thank you! I ________ to take photos since I was seven years old.
A．learn B．learned C．have learned D．was learning
【答案】C
【知识点】含since/for的现在完成时
【详解】句意：——完美的照片，好技术！——谢谢你！我从七岁开始学习拍照。
考查动词时态。根据“since I was seven years old”可知，此处用现在完成时（have/has done）。故选C。
20．In the past few years, the popularity of basketball ______ around the world, especially in America.
A．is rising B．rose C．has risen D．will rise
【答案】C
【知识点】表示影响（动作已完成）
【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，篮球在世界各地越来越受欢迎，尤其是在美国。
考查动词时态。根据“In the past few years, the popularity of basketball...around the world, especially in America.”可知，时间状语为in the past+时间段，句子时态应使用现在完成时。故选C。
21．If you________ ice, it________ into water.
A．heat, will turn B．will heat, will turn
C．will heat, turns D．heat, turns
【答案】D
【知识点】表示事实或客观真理
【详解】句意：如果你加热冰，它会变成水。
考查一般现在时。结合“If you...ice, it...into water.”和选项可知，此处表达的是：如果你加热冰，它会变成水。这是一个客观事实，所以主从句都需用一般现在时。从句主语为“you”，谓语需用动词原形；主句主语为“it”，为单数概念，谓语需用三单。故选D。
22．—Parents usually ________ an important role in ________ their kids.
—I think so. Teaching doesn’t just depend on teachers.
A．plays; help B．play; helping
C．makes; to play D．make; helping
【答案】B
【知识点】表示经常性动作/状态、动名词作宾语、动词辨析、make(made made)
【详解】句意：——父母通常在帮助孩子方面起着重要的作用。——我想是的。教学不仅仅取决于老师。
考查动词辨析，时态和非谓语动词。play扮演；make制作。play an important role in“在……中扮演重要角色”，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形；in是介词，其后加动名词作宾语。故选B。
23．The special equipment is used ________ for his family. You know, though he used ________ out, now he is used ________ healthily with his family at home.
A．to cook; to eat; to eat B．to cooking; to eat; to eating
C．to cook; to eating; to eat D．to cook; to eat; to eating
【答案】D
【知识点】动词短语、used to do sth.
【详解】句意：他的家庭使用特殊设备做饭。你知道，虽然他过去常到外面吃饭，现在他已经习惯和家人一起在家健康饮食。
考查非谓语动词。cook烹饪；eat吃。第一空考查be used to do sth.句型，意思是“被用来干某事”，空格处填to cook，因此可先排除B选项；第二空考查used to do sth.句型，意思是“过去经常做某事”，可排除C选项；第三空考查be used to doing sth.句型，意思是“已经习惯干某事”，所以本题答案是D选项。故选D。
24．I ________ Tom in the zoo last Saturday. It ________ three years since we last met.
A．have met, is B．have met, was C．met, have been D．met, has been
【答案】D
【知识点】第三人称单数作主语、含since/for的现在完成时、过去发生的动作/状态
【详解】句意：上周六我在动物园遇见了汤姆。我们上次见面已经三年了。
考查时态。根据“last Saturday”可知第一个句子用过去时，动词用过去式；根据“since we last met”可知第二个句子用现在完成时have/has done，第二个句子的主语是It，助动词用has。故选D。
25．—Could you tell me ________ for class this morning
—I am sorry. Mrs. Lin. I overslept so I didn’t catch the school bus.
A．why were you late B．why you are late
C．why are you late D．why you were late
【答案】D
【知识点】过去发生的动作/状态、宾语从句的语序
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你今天早上为什么上课迟到吗？——对不起，林老师。我睡过头了，所以没赶上校车。
考查宾语从句。根据“Could you tell me”可知，此处是宾语从句，从句用陈述句语序，排除A、C选项；根据“this morning”可知，从句时态为一般过去时，排除B选项。故选D。
26．—I used ________ newspapers and watch TV after dinner. But now I’m _________ a walk.
—That’s a good habit as exercise makes us strong.
A．to read; used to take B．reading; used to taking C．reading; used to take D．to read; used to taking
【答案】D
【知识点】used to do sth.、动词短语、used to do sth.、be used to sth.、be used to doing sth.
【详解】句意：——我过去常常在晚饭后看报纸和电视。但现在我习惯了散步。——这是一个好习惯，因为运动使我们强壮。
考查动词短语。used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”；be used to do sth.“被用来做某事”；be used to doing sth.“习惯于做某事”。根据“But now”可知，第一空所在句是指过去常常在晚餐后看报纸和看电视，空处用used to do sth；第二空是指现在习惯了散步，空处用be used to doing sth.。故选D。
27．—May I ________ your violin
—Sorry. I ________ it to Wang Hai last week.
A．borrow; lend B．borrow; lent C．lend; borrow D．lend; borrowed
【答案】B
【知识点】过去发生的动作/状态、动词辨析、lend、borrow
【详解】句意：——我可以借你的小提琴吗？——对不起。我上周把它借给王海了。
考查动词辨析和时态。borrow借入；lend借出。根据“your violin”可知是借你的小提琴，是借入，用borrow；根据“it to Wang Hai”可知是借出去了，用lend，根据“last week”可知第二个句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式lent。故选B。
28．Which of the following sentence structures is different from others
A．The computer brought some trouble to Linda.
B．Amy showed me some pictures of her family.
C．I often hear some birds sing in the park.
D．My father bought me a toy train yesterday.
【答案】C
【知识点】主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
【详解】句意：下列哪一种句子结构与其他句子不同？
考查句子结构。选项C是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”结构，其它三个句子都是“主语+谓语+双宾语”结构。故选C。
29．What is the correct sentence structure of “John plays football every day”
A．S+V+IO+DO B．S+V+DO+OC C．S+V+O D．S+V+P
【答案】C
【知识点】主 + 谓 + 宾
【详解】句意：下面这句话正确的句子结构是什么“John每天踢足球”？
考查句子基本结构。S+V+IO+DO，主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；S+V+DO+OC，主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语；S+V+O，主语+谓语+宾语；S+V+P，主语+系动词+表语。根据句子结构可知，John是主语，plays“踢”，表示动作作谓语，football“足球”作宾语，everyday“每天”作时间状语。因此此句是主语+谓语+宾语+状语结构。故选C。
30．I saw some kids kicking the ball in the park. This sentence belongs to (属于) ________.
A．S+V+IO+DO B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC
【答案】D
【知识点】主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
【详解】句意；我看到一些孩子正在公园里踢球。这个句子属于主语+谓语+宾语+宾补。
考查句子结构。在句子I saw some kids kicking the ball in the park中I是主语；saw是谓语；some kids是宾语；kicking the ball作宾补，故选D。
31．The sentence structure (结构) of “Teachers often ask us to read more.” is ________.
A．S+V+DO B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC
【答案】D
【知识点】主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
【详解】句意：“老师经常要求我们多读书”的句子结构是S+V+DO+OC。
考查句子结构。分析句子可知，Teachers是主语；ask是谓语；us是宾语，to read more是宾语补足语。故选D。
32．Li hua often helps her mother make breakfast.
A．主语 B．状语 C．宾语 D．表语
【答案】C
【知识点】宾语、主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
【详解】句意：李华经常帮她妈妈做早餐。
考查句子成分。分析句子可知，Li hua作主语，helps作谓语，her mother作宾语，make breakfast作宾补。故选C。
33．It’s going to rain ________ you’d better take a raincoat with you.
A．but B．if C．when D．so
【答案】D
【知识点】含so并列复合句、so(这样 pron.)
【详解】句意：天要下雨了，所以你最好带件雨衣。
考查连词辨析。so所以；but但是；if如果；when当……时候。“It’s going to rain”和“take a raincoat with you”之间是因果关系。故选D。
34．—What a heavy rain!
—You’d better set out a little earlier, ________ you’ll be late for school.
A．and B．but C．or D．so
【答案】C
【知识点】and、so(这样 pron.)、含or并列复合句、表示选择关系的连词、并列连词辨析
【详解】句意：——雨下得真大啊！——你最好早一点出发，否则你会上学迟到的。
考查并列连词辨析。and并且，和；but但是；or否则；so所以。根据“You’d better set out a little earlier”可知你最好早点出发，如果不这样做的话，就会迟到。因此应用or“否则，要不然”连接。故选C。
35．Fred is from England, ________ he can speak Chinese well.
A．and B．but C．so D．then
【答案】B
【知识点】and、so(这样 pron.)、then、含but并列复合句、并列连词辨析
【详解】句意：弗雷德来自英格兰，但他中文讲得很好。
考查连词。and并且；but但是；so因此；then然后。根据“Fred is from England, … he can speak Chinese well.”可知，空格前后句是转折关系，应用but。故选B。
36．My English is very good, _______ I often help Li Tao with it.
A．but B．so C．and D．then
【答案】B
【知识点】并列连词辨析、含so并列复合句、then、so (因此)、but (但是)、and
【详解】句意：我的英语很好，所以我经常帮助李涛学习英语。
考查连词辨析。but但是，表转折；so所以，表结果；and和，表并列；then然后，表承接。根据题干“My English is very good…I often help Li Tao with it.”可知前后是因果关系（前因后果式），需用so连接。故选B。
37．We will never see Kobe play another basketball game, ________we will always remember him.
A．because B．unless C．but D．if
【答案】C
【知识点】含but并列复合句、unless、if (如果)、but (但是)、because
【详解】句意：我们再也看不到科比再打篮球了，但我们会永远记住他。
考查连词。because因为；unless除非；but但是，表转折；if如果。根据句意前后两句表示转折关系，故选C。
38．She can ride a bike, _____ she can’t ride a horse.
A．and B．but C．or D．so
【答案】B
【知识点】含but并列复合句、so (因此)、or (否则)、and
【详解】句意：她会骑自行车，但她不会骑马。A. and 表示并列关系，意为“和，又”；B. but 表示转折关系，意为“但是”；C. or表示选择关系，意为“或者”；D. so表示因果关系，意为“因此”。“会骑自行车”与“不会骑马”是转折关系，故选B。
【点睛】注意：在否定句中否定并列成分时，用or，而不用and，“祈使句+or+简单句”结构，也是一种常用句型，句型中or意为“否则”；so和从属连词because（因为）不能一起连用。也就是说，使用了并列连词so,就不用because；使用了because，就不用so。
39．一What's the secret of success, Dr. Know
一 More time and effort, _________ you’ll make it some day.
A．yet B．or C．and D．but
【答案】C
【知识点】含and并列复合句
【详解】句意：——成功的秘诀是什么，Know博士 ——再多花些时间和精力，总有一天你会成功的。考查固定结构。yet还；or否则；and和；but但是。本题是固定句型“祈使句，+ and/or +陈述句”结构，当前后分句为承接关系时用and，关系相反时用or；相当于if条件句，陈述句需用一般将来时。根据句意语境，可知本句前后是承接关系，故选C。
40． I can’t wait to know _______. Maybe it is a world full of challenges.
A．what is senior high school life like B．what senior high school life is like
C．what was senior high school life like D．what senior high school life was like
【答案】B
【知识点】宾语从句的语序、主现从不限
【详解】句意：我迫不及待想知道高中生活是什么样的。也许这是一个充满挑战的世界。
考查宾语从句的语序。宾语从句应该用陈述语序，排除AC；宾语从句描述的是事实，所以是一般现在时，排除D。故选B。
41．My younger brother hopes ________ a toy car for him as his birthday present.
A．to buy B．I to buy C．me buy D．I can buy
【答案】D
【知识点】that引导宾语从句
【详解】句意：我弟弟希望我能给他买一辆玩具车作为生日礼物。
考查宾语从句。根据“My younger brother hopes…a toy car for him as his birthday present.”可知，此处指的是我弟弟希望我能买辆玩具汽车给他。hope (that)+宾语从句，从句语序为陈述句语序，I can buy“我能买”，符合语境。故选D。
42．—Excuse me, could you tell me ________
—There is a bookstore on the street corner. You can buy it there.
A．where I can buy a ruler around here B．if is there a bookstore near here
C．how I can get to the bookstore D．what can I buy in the bookstore
【答案】A
【知识点】where引导宾语从句、where
【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我这附近哪里可以买到尺子吗？——街角有一家书店。你可以在那里买。
考查宾语从句。根据“There is a bookstore on the street corner.”可知，宾语从句应表达在哪里可以买到尺子，从句的引导词应是“where”。故选A。
43．— Could you give me some advice on ________ English well
— Sure. Do more listening, speaking, reading and writing.
A．what to learn B．how to learn C．what can I learn D．how can I learn
【答案】B
【知识点】疑问词+动词不定式、宾语从句的语序、what、how
【详解】句意：——你能给我一些关于如何学好英语的建议吗？——当然。多听、多说、多读、多写。
考查宾语从句。what to learn学什么；how to learn如何学习；what can I learn我能学什么；how can I learn我如何学习。根据答语“Do more listening, speaking, reading and writing.”可知，是询问如何学习英语，可排除AC选项，选项D是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除D选项。故选B。
44．—Excuse me, do you know ________
—Yes, there is a bookstore on Center Street.
A．how can I buy some books B．how I can buy some books
C．where I can buy some books D．where can I buy some books
【答案】C
【知识点】where引导宾语从句、宾语从句的语序
【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你知道在哪里可以买到书吗？——是的，在中央大街上有一家书店。
考查宾语从句。know后缺少宾语，此处用宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序，排除AD；再由“Yes, there is a bookstore on Center Street.”可知询问买书的地址，用where引导宾语从句。故选C。
45．—Mum, I don’t remember ________ my history book yesterday.
—I saw a history book on your bookshelf just now. Maybe it is yours.
A．where I will put B．where did I put
C．where will I put D．where I put
【答案】D
【知识点】where引导宾语从句、宾语从句的语序
【详解】句意：——妈妈，我不记得昨天我把历史书放在哪里了。——我刚才在你的书架上看到一本历史书。也许是你的。
考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，此句是含宾语从句的复合句，宾语从句用陈述句语序，排除选项B和C；再根据“yesterday”可知，从句时态为一般过去时，动词应用过去式，put的过去式为put，故选D。
46．I don’t know if Jack _______ back today. If he ________ back, I’ll call you.
A．will come, will come B．comes, will come
C．will come, comes D．comes, comes
【答案】C
【知识点】“三单"形式的变化规则、will/shall do结构、条件状语从句的主将从现、主现从不限
【详解】句意：我不知道杰克今天会不会回来。如果他回来，我会打电话给你。
考查动词时态。第一空，根据“I don’t know if Jack...back today.”可知此处是if引导的宾语从句，应遵循主现从不限的原则，从句中杰克还没来，使用一般将来时；第二空，根据“If he...back, I’ll call you.”可知此处是if引导的条件状语从句，应遵循主将从现的原则，从句用一般现在时，主语是he，谓语动词用单三。故选C。
47．Could you tell me ________ I want to post a letter.
A．where is the post office B．how can I get to the cinema
C．where the post office is D．how I can get to the cinema
【答案】C
【知识点】where引导宾语从句、宾语从句的语序
【详解】句意：你能告诉我邮局在哪里吗？我想寄一封信。
考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除AB；根据“I want to post a letter.”可知寄信要去邮局，选项C符合。故选C。
48．—Could you tell me ________
—I live in Urumqi.
A．where do you live B．who you are waiting for C．who were you waiting for D．where you live
【答案】D
【知识点】where引导宾语从句、宾语从句的语序
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你住在哪里吗？——我住在乌鲁木齐。
考查宾语从句。分析题干可知句子是宾语从句，应用陈述语序，排除选项A和C；根据“I live in Urumqi”可知此处询问地点，用where引导宾语从句。故选D。
49．Could you tell me where ________ the bank
A．to find B．can I find C．how to find D．find
【答案】A
【知识点】宾语从句的语序、疑问词+动词不定式、宾语从句的简化
【详解】句意：你能告诉我在哪里可以找到银行吗？
考查宾语从句。分析题干可知，此处考查宾语从句。从句应用陈述句语序，所以此处应是“where I can find”，或者可以简化为“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构，即“where to find”。故选A。
50．— I don’t know when ________ the day after tomorrow.
— I’ll call you when ________.
A．he will leave; he will leave B．will he leave; he leaves
C．he will leave; he leaves D．he leaves ; he will leave
【答案】C
【知识点】时间状语从句的主将从现、宾语从句的语序、主现从不限
【详解】句意：——我不知道他后天什么时候走。——当他走时，我会给你打电话。
考查从句时态。he will leave陈述句语序，一般将来时；will he leave疑问句语序，一般将来时；he leaves陈述句语序，一般现在时。分析句子可知，第一句是宾语从句，宾语从句应使用陈述句语序，排除选项B；根据时间状语“the day after tomorrow”可知，从句时态为一般将来时，排除选项D；第二句是when引导的时间状语从句，遵循"主将从现"的原则，即主句时态为一般将来时，从句使用一般现在时，排除选项A。 故选C。
51．—Can you come to my birthday party next Saturday
—I’d love to come, but I don’t know ________ that day.
A．when I was available B．why do I come C．what will I do D．if I will have time
【答案】D
【知识点】主现从不限、if/whether引导宾语从句、宾语从句的语序
【详解】句意：——下周六你能来参加我的生日聚会吗？——我很想去，但我不知道那天是否有时间。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句需要用陈述语序，排除BC选项；根据“next Saturday”可知，从句应用一般将来时，故选D。
52．When visiting the Palace Museum, I wondered ________.
A．what is life like here in the past B．what life is like here in the past
C．what was life like here in the past D．what life was like here in the past
【答案】D
【知识点】主过从必过、what引导宾语从句、宾语从句的语序
【详解】句意：参观故宫博物院时，我想知道过去这里的生活是什么样的。
考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除AC；根据“wondered”可知，主句是一般过去时，从句也要用过去的时态。故选D。/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
知识过关 第3讲 语法知识
Module1感官动词
表示人的感官动作的系动词称为感官动词。这类动词有 look(看上去), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), feel(摸起来)。作为系动词，它们本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后面必须接形容词作表语，构成系表结构来说明主语的状态、特征、性质等。
如: The children look very happy on Children's Day. 儿童节这天孩子们看上去很高兴。
The flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。
The dish tastes salty.这道菜尝起来很咸。
The sofa feels comfortable.这个沙发摸起来很舒服。
【注意】1.这类系动词与 be动词不同，变否定句和疑问句时要借助助动词。
如: The party sounds noisy.
Does the party sound noisy
The party doesn't sound noisy.
2.感官动词后只能跟形容词作表语，不能跟副词。
The idea sounds good.( )
The idea sounds well.( ×)
3.感官动词不能用于进行时态。
The cookie tastes sweet.( )
The cookie is tasting sweet.( ×)
4.感官动词无被动语态。
The dress feels soft.( )
The dress is felt soft.( ×)
Module 2 Experiences
现在完成时(一)
1.含义：现在完成时表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，还可表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。
2.基本结构：
(1)肯定句:主语+ have/ has+动词过去分词+其他.
(2)否定句:主语+ have/ has + not +动词过去分词+其他.
(3)一般疑问句: Have/ Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他
肯定回答: Yes,主语+ have/ has.
否定回答: No,主语+ haven't/ hasn't.
3.规则动词的过去分词的构成与过去式形式相同；不规则动词的过去分词的变化要特殊记忆。
4.辨析 have/ has been to, have/ has gone to 与have/ has been in
(1) have/ has been to 表示曾经去过某地,但已经回来了。
如: They have been to Beijing. 他们去过北京。
(2) have/ has gone to 表示去了某地还没有回来。
如: Linda has gone to America.琳达去美国了。
(3) have/ has been in 表示一直待在某地,常与时间段搭配。
如: She has been in Hefei for nearly 20years.她在合肥待了近20年。
Module3现在完成时(二)
含义：表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
构成: have/ has+动词过去分词
常与现在完成时连用的副词: just, already, yet易混点：
1. just副词，意为“刚刚；刚才”，可用于现在完成时态；just now意为“刚才”，用于一般过去时态。
如:I have just heard the news.我刚已经听过这个消息。
I heard the news just now.我刚才听到了这个消息。
2. already常用于肯定句,常位于助动词 have/has 之后，过去分词之前；yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句，常位于句末。
如:I have already eaten.我已经吃过了。
Has she gone to school yet 她已经去学校了吗
3. have been to 表示“去过”,已经回来; havegone to 表示“去了”,还没有回来。
如: Have you ever been to Greece 你去过希腊吗
Everybody has gone home.每个人都回家了。
4.一般过去时和现在完成时的比较：
(1)一般过去时与具体的表示过去的时间状语(如 yesterday,… ago 等)连用,强调动作在过去的某个时间发生，与现在无关。
(2)现在完成时在表达经历时只表示该事件是在现在之前的某一个时间里发生的，重点在于已完成动作对现在的影响。
如:I have already finished my homework. Ifinished it an hour ago.我已经完成家庭作业了，一小时前完成的。
Module 4现在完成时(三)
现在完成时在表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时，常与“for+一段时间”或“since+时间点/从句”等时间状语连用。对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，应用 howlong。
如:— How long have you lived here 你住在这里多久了
—— For six years./ Since six years ago.六年了。/自从六年前。
【注意】在现在完成时中，使用的动词通常是延续性动词，非延续性动词不能直接和表示一段时间的状语连用，但可以被替换为延续性动词。
常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换:come→be, come to→be in/ at, go out→be out,leave→be away, begin/start→be on,stop→be over, buy→have, borrow→keep, open→be open,close→be closed, fall ill→be ill,die→be dead, catch a cold→have a cold, get to know→know,become→be, fall asleep→be asleep,join→be a member of。
如: He joined the club three years ago. = He has been a member of the club since three years ago.
他三年前就加入了这个俱乐部。
Module 5
复习一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时
1.一般现在时
(1)概念：经常性或习惯性的行为或状态；客观事实或普遍真理。
(2)时间状语: always, usually, sometimes, often,every week(day, month, year…), once a week, on Sundays
2.一般过去时
(1)概念：过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作或行为。
(2)时间状语:… ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, in 1989, last week(year, night,month…), just now, at the age of……, long ago, once upon a time
3.现在完成时
(1)概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
(2)时间状语: recently, lately, since..., for...,in the past few years
4.一般现在时、一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作；而一般过去时表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。
现在完成时侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响或过去的动作持续到现在并有可能继续持续下去；而一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关。
Module 6 Hobbies
简单句的基本句型
英语中的句子分为简单句和复合句，本模块介绍了六种简单句的基本句型。
1. S+ Vi.(主语+不及物动词)
如: The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
She is walking along the road.她正沿着路走。
2. S+ Vt. +O(主语+及物动词+宾语)
如: He found a bird in the tree.他发现树上有一只鸟。
I like this book very much.我很喜欢这本书。
3. S+ link. V+P(主语+系动词+表语)
(1)系动词的位置可以用 be动词来代替。
(2)系动词可分为：
表状态的系动词: be, keep, lie, look, remain,seem, smell, sound, feel, stand, stay, taste等。
表变化或结果的系动词: become, come, get,grow, go, fall, prove, turn 等。
如: Time is up.时间到了。
She was becoming angry.她开始生气了。
4. S+ Vt. +IO+DO(主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)
如: He bought his sister a piano.他给他妹妹买了一架钢琴。
I gave him an apple.我给了他一个苹果。
5. S+ Vt. +O+OC(主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语)
如: She kept us waiting for over three hours.她让我们等了3个多小时。
Reading books makes her happy. 读书使她高兴。
6. There be 句型: There + be+S(There+ be+主语)
如: There are many books in his schoolbag.在他的书包里有很多书。
There is a very nice cup on the table.在桌子上有一个非常漂亮的杯子。
Module 7 Hobbies并列复合句
1.并列复合句的含义是指由并列连词 and，but，or等把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。基本结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句。
2.并列连词前后简单句之间的关系
(1)并列关系
如: She is singing and I'm dancing.她在唱歌，我在跳舞。
(2)选择关系
如: They can go with us, or they can stay at home.他们可以和我们一起去，或者他们可以待在家里。
(3)转折关系
如: She was tired, but she did not stop working.她感到疲惫，但她没有停止工作。
3.由并列连词词组连接成的并列复合句
常用词组有 not only… but also…, either… or…,neither… nor…, not… but…, both… and…等。
如: Not only he but also all of us were invited.不仅他而且我们大家都被邀请了。
Either you do it, or I ask somebody else to do it.要么你来做，要么我请其他人来做。
4.使用并列复合句要注意的几种情况
(1)并列复合句有时可不用连词，而是用分号隔开(前后句之间的关系须相当紧密)。
如: We are tired; we will go home.我们累了，我们要回家了。
(2)并列连词后的简单句如果与其前面的简单句有相同的部分，则连词之后的简单句中省去相同的部分。
如: You can go to Wuhan for holiday or stay at home for study.你可以去武汉度假或待在家里学习。
Module 8 Time off宾语从句(一)
1.宾语从句的定义
谓语动词的宾语除了由名词、代词、动词的-ing形式或 to do 形式来充当外，还可以用一个完整的句子来充当，即在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。
2.宾语从句的分类
宾语从句可以分为三类：
(1)由 that引导的宾语从句。
(2)由 if/ whether引导的宾语从句。
(3)由疑问词(组)引导的宾语从句。
3. that引导的宾语从句
当谓语动词表示肯定的概念，如“希望”“相信”“知道”或“说”时，其后面的句子一般用 that引导，且用陈述语序。that没有任何词汇意义，只有语法功能，在口语中 that通常可以省略，但在正式场合下，特别是表示建议或要求的从句，一般不省略。
如: He said (that) he would come.他说他会来。
(1)常接 that 引导的宾语从句的谓语动词有: believe, expect, explain, feel, hope,hear, imagine, prefer, promise, report, say,see, tell, think, understand, warn, wish等。
(2)若 that 引导的 宾语从 句接在 think,believe, suppose, expect 等动词后且主语是第一人称，变否定句时，否定应体现在主句上。
如:I don't think (that) you are right.我认为你是不对的。
(3)若从句表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象等，从句的时态用一般现在时。
如: My teacher told us that 25th December is Christmas Day.老师告诉我们12 月25日是圣诞节。
Module 9宾语从句(二)
1.由 whether/ if引导的宾语从句
whether/ if这两个连词意为“是否”,主要用来引导一般疑问句形式的或选择疑问句形式的宾语从句，口语中常用 if，不可省略。但当与 or not连用时,只能用 whether不能用 if。
如: He doesn't know whether they will plant trees on Saturday or not.他不知道他们周六是否会植树。
She asked whether/ if the answer was right.她问那个答案是否是对的。
2.由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句
由特殊疑问词如 who, whose, what,which, when, where, how, why 等引导的宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化来的。疑问词在句中有实际意义，且在宾语从句中充当句子成分，不能省略。疑问代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语等；疑问副词在从句中作状语。
【注意】疑问语序需改为陈述语序。
如: He knows when we started.他知道我们是什么时候开始的。
I didn't know where he was born.我不知道他在哪里出生。
I don't understand why they like computer games so much.我不理解为什么他们如此喜欢电脑游戏。
Do you know when we will hold the sports meeting 你知道我们什么时候开运动会吗
常接宾语从句的动词有: see, say, tell,ask, answer, know, show, decide, find, wonder,imagine, understand 等。
Module 10
宾语从句(三)
宾语从句的时态问题：
(1)当主句的时态是一般现在时的时候，其从句可以是任何适当的时态，即从句的时态应根据实际情况而定。
如: She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.她说她从周一至周五上班。 (从句是一般现在时)
She says(that) she will leave a message on his desk.她说她要在他的桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)
She says (that) she has never been to Mount Huang.她说她从来没有去过黄山。 (从句是现在完成时)
(2)当主句的时态是一般过去时的时候，其从句一般要用任一适当的过去时态。
如: He said ( that) there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)
He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)
He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time.他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)
(3)当从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，无论主句是什么时态，从句的时态都要用一般现在时。
如: The teacher told us ( that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。
He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光比声音传播得快得多。
一、单项选择
1．Those oranges ________, please throw them away.
A．smell badly B．smell bad C．are smelled badly D．are smelled bad
2．With four big windows, each classroom in the new teaching building looks ________.
A．cleanly B．brightly C．clean D．bright
3．Bobby looks very ________.
A．sadly B．happily C．carefully D．lovely
4．I like the shirt very much. It ________ very comfortable.
A．feels B．tastes C．sounds D．smells
5．—What does Lily ________
—She is tall and she ________ young.
A．look; looks B．look like; looks C．look; looks like D．look like; look
6．Listen! The birds are making beautiful ________ and they sound ________.
A．sounds: beautiful B．sound; beautiful C．sound; beautifully D．sounds; beautifully
7．—Gina, when did you leave Gui Zhou
—In February, 2018. I ________ for about five years.
A．leave B．left C．have left D．have been away
8．—I ________ Yunnan twice. What about you
—Only once. I ________ there last summer.
A．visited; visited B．have visited; have visited
C．visited; have visited D．have visited; visited
9．My robot ______ a virus and it has gone wrong.
A．catches B．caught C．is caught D．has caught
10．—It’s a long time since I last saw Jane. I wonder if she ________ a lot.
—Yes, she is taller and more outgoing.
A．was changing B．has changed C．will change D．changes
11．My father has taught in this school _________ he was twenty years old.
A．because B．since C．when D．after
12．—________ your uncle ________ the Great Wall
—Yes, he has.
A．Did; visit B．Has; visited C．Does; visit D．Will; visit
13．—Sir, I come here to return the book I borrowed two months ago.
—OK. But you should pay extra money as you ________ the books longer than expected.
A．kept B．borrowed C．have kept D．have borrowed
14．How tidy the room is! Tom _________ it.
A．is cleaning B．was cleaning C．will clean D．has cleaned
15．It ________ two months since I ________ my hometown.
A．was; leave B．was; left C．has been; leave D．has been; left
16．—I ________ my homework yet. How about you, Denny
—Oh, I ________ it one hour ago.
A．didn’t do, finish B．haven’t done, finished
C．haven’t done, haven’t finished D．don’t do, finish
17．—________ you ________ your homework so far
— Not yet. I ________ TV and played computer games last night.
A．Did, finish, watched B．Have, finished, watched
C．Have, finished, have watched D．Did, finish, have watched
18．—Mrs Watson, how long can the books from the school library ________
—At most two weeks.
A．borrow B．keep C．be borrowed D．be kept
19．—Perfect photos, good skills!
—Thank you! I ________ to take photos since I was seven years old.
A．learn B．learned C．have learned D．was learning
20．In the past few years, the popularity of basketball ______ around the world, especially in America.
A．is rising B．rose C．has risen D．will rise
21．If you________ ice, it________ into water.
A．heat, will turn B．will heat, will turn
C．will heat, turns D．heat, turns
22．—Parents usually ________ an important role in ________ their kids.
—I think so. Teaching doesn’t just depend on teachers.
A．plays; help B．play; helping
C．makes; to play D．make; helping
23．The special equipment is used ________ for his family. You know, though he used ________ out, now he is used ________ healthily with his family at home.
A．to cook; to eat; to eat B．to cooking; to eat; to eating
C．to cook; to eating; to eat D．to cook; to eat; to eating
24．I ________ Tom in the zoo last Saturday. It ________ three years since we last met.
A．have met, is B．have met, was C．met, have been D．met, has been
25．—Could you tell me ________ for class this morning
—I am sorry. Mrs. Lin. I overslept so I didn’t catch the school bus.
A．why were you late B．why you are late
C．why are you late D．why you were late
26．—I used ________ newspapers and watch TV after dinner. But now I’m _________ a walk.
—That’s a good habit as exercise makes us strong.
A．to read; used to take B．reading; used to taking C．reading; used to take D．to read; used to taking
27．—May I ________ your violin
—Sorry. I ________ it to Wang Hai last week.
A．borrow; lend B．borrow; lent C．lend; borrow D．lend; borrowed
28．Which of the following sentence structures is different from others
A．The computer brought some trouble to Linda.
B．Amy showed me some pictures of her family.
C．I often hear some birds sing in the park.
D．My father bought me a toy train yesterday.
29．What is the correct sentence structure of “John plays football every day”
A．S+V+IO+DO B．S+V+DO+OC C．S+V+O D．S+V+P
30．I saw some kids kicking the ball in the park. This sentence belongs to (属于) ________.
A．S+V+IO+DO B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC
31．The sentence structure (结构) of “Teachers often ask us to read more.” is ________.
A．S+V+DO B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC
32．Li hua often helps her mother make breakfast.
A．主语 B．状语 C．宾语 D．表语
33．It’s going to rain ________ you’d better take a raincoat with you.
A．but B．if C．when D．so
34．—What a heavy rain!
—You’d better set out a little earlier, ________ you’ll be late for school.
A．and B．but C．or D．so
35．Fred is from England, ________ he can speak Chinese well.
A．and B．but C．so D．then
36．My English is very good, _______ I often help Li Tao with it.
A．but B．so C．and D．then
37．We will never see Kobe play another basketball game, ________we will always remember him.
A．because B．unless C．but D．if
38．She can ride a bike, _____ she can’t ride a horse.
A．and B．but C．or D．so
39．一What's the secret of success, Dr. Know
一 More time and effort, _________ you’ll make it some day.
A．yet B．or C．and D．but
40． I can’t wait to know _______. Maybe it is a world full of challenges.
A．what is senior high school life like B．what senior high school life is like
C．what was senior high school life like D．what senior high school life was like
41．My younger brother hopes ________ a toy car for him as his birthday present.
A．to buy B．I to buy C．me buy D．I can buy
42．—Excuse me, could you tell me ________
—There is a bookstore on the street corner. You can buy it there.
A．where I can buy a ruler around here B．if is there a bookstore near here
C．how I can get to the bookstore D．what can I buy in the bookstore
43．— Could you give me some advice on ________ English well
— Sure. Do more listening, speaking, reading and writing.
A．what to learn B．how to learn C．what can I learn D．how can I learn
44．—Excuse me, do you know ________
—Yes, there is a bookstore on Center Street.
A．how can I buy some books B．how I can buy some books
C．where I can buy some books D．where can I buy some books
45．—Mum, I don’t remember ________ my history book yesterday.
—I saw a history book on your bookshelf just now. Maybe it is yours.
A．where I will put B．where did I put
C．where will I put D．where I put
46．I don’t know if Jack _______ back today. If he ________ back, I’ll call you.
A．will come, will come B．comes, will come
C．will come, comes D．comes, comes
47．Could you tell me ________ I want to post a letter.
A．where is the post office B．how can I get to the cinema
C．where the post office is D．how I can get to the cinema
48．—Could you tell me ________
—I live in Urumqi.
A．where do you live B．who you are waiting for C．who were you waiting for D．where you live
49．Could you tell me where ________ the bank
A．to find B．can I find C．how to find D．find
50．— I don’t know when ________ the day after tomorrow.
— I’ll call you when ________.
A．he will leave; he will leave B．will he leave; he leaves
C．he will leave; he leaves D．he leaves ; he will leave
51．—Can you come to my birthday party next Saturday
—I’d love to come, but I don’t know ________ that day.
A．when I was available B．why do I come C．what will I do D．if I will have time
52．When visiting the Palace Museum, I wondered ________.
A．what is life like here in the past B．what life is like here in the past
C．what was life like here in the past D．what life was like here in the past
