2025秋高考英语复习基础语法专题一词法第6讲动词的时态、语态和主谓一致课件

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名称 2025秋高考英语复习基础语法专题一词法第6讲动词的时态、语态和主谓一致课件
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专题一 词法篇
第6讲 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
◎高瞻远瞩→研究如何考◎
真题再现
题型 高考典例 设题角度解读



空 1.(2024全国新高考Ⅰ卷)In cold weather,the structure stays closed to protect the plants.Further,the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse    (walk)visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road…
2.(2024全国新高考Ⅱ卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about
    (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns.
3.(2024全国新高考Ⅱ卷)Two years later,a six-meter-tall pavilion,inspired by The Peony Pavilion,     (build)at the Firs Garden,just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 1.时态主要考查一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时等
2.给出动词考查其被动语态
3.考查主谓一致
walks 
were 
was built
题型 高考典例 设题角度解读



空 4.(2024全国甲卷)What should      (do)with such a beautiful place?
5.(2024北京卷)On April 5,2024,John Tinniswood
     (name)the world’s oldest living man.
6.(2023北京卷)Soon after moving to Switzerland,I
    (throw)a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time. 1.时态主要考查一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时等
2.给出动词考查其被动语态
3.考查主谓一致
be done
was named 
threw
题型 高考典例 设题角度解读



空 7.(2023北京卷)I turned up at the appointed hour for a
dinner,only to find that no other guest___________    (arrive)and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
8.(2023北京卷)Up to now,China________________     (establish)a number of protected areas with mangroves.
9.(2023全国新高考Ⅱ卷)As a little girl,I___________   (wish)to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 1.时态主要考查一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时等
2.给出动词考查其被动语态
3.考查主谓一致
had arrived 
has established 
wished 
1.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:……此外,温室周围的丝绸之路花园带领游客踏上受古丝绸之路影响的旅程……分析句子结构可知,空格处作谓语,再根据上一句的谓语stays可知,此处用一般现在时。主语“the Silk Route Garden”为单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
2.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:汤(显祖)所写的一些内容也是Shakespeare所关心的。分析句子结构可知,空格处作谓语,再根据定语从句中的谓语“was writing”可知,此处用一般过去时。主语“Some of the things”为复数,be动词用were。故填were。
3. 考查时态和语态。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。分析句子结构可知,空格处作谓语,再根据时间状语“Two years later”可知,此处用一般过去时。主语“a six-meter-tall pavilion”为单数,与动词build为动宾关系,应用被动语态。故填was built。
4. 考查被动语态。句意:有这样一个美丽的地方,应该做些什么呢?主语What指物,与动词do为动宾关系,应用被动语态。情态动词should后接动词原形。故填be done。
5.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:2024年4月5日,John Tinniswood被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语“On April 5, 2024”可知,此处应用一般过去时。主语John Tinniswood与动词name为动宾关系,应用被动语态。主语John Tinniswood是单数,be动词应用was。故填was named。
6. 考查时态。句意:搬到瑞士后不久,我要举办一个乔迁聚会,当30位客人都准时出现时,我感到非常惊讶。根据下文中的“and was”可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填threw。
7.考查时态。句意:我在约定的时间赴宴,却发现没有其他客人到场,而且女主人还穿着睡衣。根据语境可知,此处表示的动作发生在主句的动作“turned up”之前,应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。
8.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。根据时间状语Up to now可知,此处应用现在完成时。主语China为单数,助动词应用has。故填has established。
9.考查时态。句意:作为一个小女孩,我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知,空格处作谓语,再根据从句中的谓语grew可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填wished。
解题策略
▼确定动词时态的“四个依据”:时间状语、其他动词所用时态、语境以及固定句式的用法。
▼确定谓语单复数的“四看”:
1.看到主语为第一、二人称还是第三人称,确定谓语动词的数;
2.看到主语为动词的-ing形式短语、to do不定式或从句时,要想到谓语应为第三人称单数形式;
3.看到“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时,要想到谓语的数取决于名词;
4.看到there be 等结构时,要想到“就近原则”。
▼确定动词的语态:如果主语发出了谓语动词的动作,应用动词的语态主动语态;如果谓语动词的动作发出者不是主语而是另有其人/物,应用被动语态;同时应注意关于主动形式表示被动含义以及部分没有被动语态的动词。
动词的时态
▼常考的三种时态
1.一般现在时
(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常见的副词(词组)有always,every time,now and then,occasionally,often,seldom,never,sometimes,usually,every day/night等。
(2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作或事件。常见的动词(词组)有go,arrive,leave,start,stay,return,begin,come,take off等。
◎核心精讲→归纳如何学◎
(3)在if, unless, until, as soon as, as long as, when等引导的状语从句中,可用一般现在时表将来。
We’ll go as long as the weather is good.
只要天气好我们就去。
2.一般过去时
表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often,usually,seldom 等表示频率的副词连用;还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday,the other day, just now, last…,…ago等表示过去的时间状语连用。
I had one trip last year when I was caught by a hurricane in America.
去年有一次出行,我在美国赶上飓风。
3.现在完成时
(1)表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与ever, yet, before,recently, once, lately 等连用。
(2)表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在,并可能延续下去的动作。常与 so far,up to now, since+时间点, for+时间段, in the past…years等连用。
(3)在“It/This is the first/second/third…time+that 从句”句型中,that从句中的谓语动词常用现在完成时。
(4)在“It/This is the best(worst,most interesting等)+名词+从句”句型中,从句中的谓语动词常用现在完成时。
This is the best film that we have seen in the cinema together as a family.
这是我们一家人一起在电影院看过的最棒的电影。
▼过去完成时和现在完成进行时
1.过去完成时
(1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即“过去的过去”。常与by, by the end of, by the time (of),before/when/after+过去的时间, up till then等连用。
(2)表示“希望、打算、认为”的动词(hope,want, expect, think, mean, wish, plan, intend等)的宾语从句中,用过去完成时表示过去本打算实现但未实现的愿望或计划。
(3)在“hardly (scarcely)…when…/no sooner…than…(一……就……)”句型中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。
(4)在“It/This was the first/second/third… time+that从句”句型中,从句谓语动词用过去完成时。
It was the second time that he had won the election.
这是他第二次在大选中获胜。
2.现在完成进行时
(1)表示从过去某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在且仍在进行的动作。常与“for+时间段”,all the day等连用。
(2)现在完成进行时有时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行,而是在不断地重复发生。
I have been calling him many times this morning, but there’s no answer.
今天早上我给他打了很多次电话,但都没有回应。
▼现在进行时、过去进行时和将来进行时
1.现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在进行或现阶段正在进行的动作。
(2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,常见的动词有go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,work,stay,have等。
“The moment is coming soon,” he thought to himself.
“这一刻就要来了,”他自思自忖。
2.过去进行时
(1)表示过去某一时刻正在进行或过去某一时间段内一直进行的动作。
(2)表示运动和位置移动的动词可以用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这类动词主要有:leave,start,arrive,go,come 等。
Joan told us she was leaving for Wuhan next Saturday.
琼告诉我们她下周六要去武汉。
3.将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作,常与this time tomorrow, by then, from 1:30 to 4:30 tomorrow等连用。
At this time tomorrow I will be flying to Shanghai.
明天这个时候我将飞往上海。
▼一般将来时和过去将来时
1.一般将来时
(1)“will/shall+动词原形”表示即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
(2)be going to do表示打算或计划要做的事情;也可表示根据某种迹象推断将要发生的事情。
(3)“be about to+动词原形”表示打算或根据安排即将发生的动作。它通常与when引导的时间状语从句连用。
(4)“be to+动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务将要发生的动作。这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的,也可用于征求意见。
I am to meet Mr Wang at 8 o’clock this morning.
我今天早上8点要去见王先生。
2.过去将来时
表示从过去某时来看将要发生的动作、存在的状态或过去的意图、打算。
She said that the meeting would begin at half past nine this afternoon.
她说会议将在今天下午九点半开始。
被动语态
▼被动语态的构成
时态 一般式 进行式 完成式
现在时 am/is/are+
动词的-ed形式 am/is/are+
being+动词的-ed形式 have/has+been+动词的-ed形式
过去时 was/were+
动词的-ed形式 was/were+being+动词的-ed形式 had+been+动词的-ed形式
将来时 shall/will be+
动词的-ed形式 — shall/will+have been+动词的-ed形式
过去将来时 would/should
be+动词的-ed形式 — would/should+have been+动词的-ed形式
▼主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况
1.“feel,sound,taste,look,smell,appear,seem,turn,stay,become,get,grow,keep等+形容词/名词”构成系表结构时,常用主动形式表示被动含义。
This kind of wool shirt feels soft.
这种羊毛衫摸起来很软。
2.当sell,read,cut,wash,write,open,wear(磨损),run(运转),burn等不及物动词后有状语(well/easily等)修饰且表示主语的属性、特征或功能时,常用主动形式表示被动含义。
Have you bought the book that sells well these days?
你买了最近销售得很好的那本书了吗?
3.need,want,require,deserve,bear等动词后常用-ing形式表示被动含义,相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The house needs repairing/to be repaired.
这栋房子需要修理。
4.在“主语(人/物)+be+形容词+动词不定式”中,用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。
The problem is difficult to work out.
这道题很难计算出结果。
5.be to blame用主动形式表示被动含义。
Who is to blame for the mistake?
谁应为此错误承担责任呢?
[名师点津]以下动词(短语)通常不用于被动语态:have, cost, lack, own, belong to, date from/back to, take part in,happen, take place, occur, remain, last, break out, come out, come up with, run out等。
主谓一致
▼语法一致
1.单个动词不定式(短语)、动词的-ing形式(短语)或名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。
Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.
在忙碌了一天后,听音乐能使我放松。
[名师点津]what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但如果从句表示复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式。
What the school needs are qualified teachers.
这所学校需要的是有资质的老师。
2.and, both…and…连接两个不同的主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一人或物时,谓语动词用单数形式。
The teacher and writer is in the sitting room.
那位老师兼作家在起居室。
3.定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词的数与先行词保持一致。
My friend showed me around the town,which was very attractive.
我的朋友带我参观了小镇,它非常吸引人。
4.“many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。each,every,no所修饰的名词作主语时,即使由and连接,谓语动词仍用单数。
Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.
很多父母亲不得不经历同样的痛苦过程。
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday.
每个男生和女生都希望参加在周日举行的聚会。
▼就近/远一致
1.由or, nor, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数常和离它最近的主语保持一致。
Not only he but also his family are keen on concerts.
不仅他而且他的家人都热衷于听音乐会。
2.在there be 句型中,主语是两个或多个并列名词(短语)时,be动词的数与其最近的主语的数保持一致。
There is a computer and three chairs in my new office.
在我的新办公室里有一台电脑和三把椅子。
3.如果主语后有as well as, with, along with,together with,rather than,but,except,besides, including, in addition to, in common with等并接其他名词时,谓语动词的数与离它最远的主语的数保持一致。
Mr Wang, as well as his students, was very excited.
王老师和他的学生都很兴奋。
▼意义一致
1.集体名词作主语时,若强调整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若强调集体中的一员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有:family,class,team,group,public,committee,government,audience 等。
The whole class are told to stay behind after school.
全班的学生被告知放学后留下。
2.“分数/百分数/the majorityof/the minority of/the rest of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于of后名词的数;all,some,half,most,the rest 等作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
About one third of the books are written by him.
这些书中大约有三分之一是他写的。
3.“a number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,意为“许多”;“the number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,意为“……的数量”。
A number of countries have engaged in space lectures.
许多国家参与了太空讲座。
The number of people asking to go there is on the increase.
要求去那里的人数在增加。
4.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时,通常被看作整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a child.
3 000美元对于一个孩子来说是一笔很多的钱。
5.“the+形容词”表示一类人,在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
患病的人已经被治愈,同时失踪的人也被找到了。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024九省联考)Fountain pens      (use) in schools long ago…
2.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets
     (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions(份).
3.The world won’t survive if this situation     (continue).
4.My uncle, along with his colleagues,      (attend) an art exhibition in Beijing at this time.
◎冲关训练→专练如何解◎
were used
have started
continues
is attending
5.The chairman of the China Culture Promotion
Society      (address) the opening ceremony on November 27th, 2019.
6.The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that
    (be) previously unprotected.
7.Henry      (fix) his car when he heard the screams.
8.But how can a painting        (appreciate) by someone who’s blind?
addressed
were
was fixing
be appreciated 
9.You can’t help wondering how hard it     (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
10. One of the biggest companies I wrote to     (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.
was
was
1 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:钢笔在很久以前就在学校里使用了……根据时间状语“long ago”可知,此处应用一般过去时。主语“Fountain pens”和动词use为动宾关系,应用被动语态。主语“Fountain pens”为复数,be动词用were。故填were used 。
2. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉,包装设计成两半,内含独立的两份。根据时间状语“Over the last two years”可知,此处应用现在完成时。主语“some supermarkets”为复数,助动词用have。故填have started。
3. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:如果这种情况继续这样,世界将不复存在。分析句子结构可知,空格处作if条件状语从句的谓语,应用一般现在时。主语“this situation”为第三人称单数,动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填continues。
4. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:我叔叔和他的同事们这个时候正在北京参加一个艺术展。根据时间状语“at this time”可知,此处应用现在进行时,再根据主语“My uncle, along with his colleagues”可知,谓语动词的数与“My uncle”保持一致,be动词应用is。故填is attending。
5. 考查时态。句意:2019年11月27日,中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。此处陈述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。故填addressed。
6. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到很多以前未受保护的地区。空格处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语,先行词为复数短语“a significant number of areas”,在从句中作主语,be动词应用复数形式。再根据副词“previously (先前)”可知,此处应用一般过去时故填were。
7. 考查时态和主谓一致。根据空格后的“when he heard the screams”可知,此处应用过去进行时。主语Henry为单数,be动词应用was。故填was fixing。
8.考查被动语态。句意:但是一幅画如何才能被盲人欣赏呢?根据语境可知,主语“a painting”与动词appreciate为动宾关系,情态动词can后用动词原形。故填be appreciated。
9.was 考查时态和主谓一致。根据空格后的“for the people then”可知,此处应用一般过去时。主语it为单数,be动词应用was。故填was。
10. 考查时态和主谓一致。根据定语从句的谓语wrote可知,此处应用一般过去时。主语One of the biggest companies表单数,谓语动词应用单数。故填was。
Ⅱ.语法填空
  The Mount Changbaishan Geopark, along with five other Chinese geoparks,1.     (recognise) as a Global Geopark by UNESCO on March 27. The number of Global Geoparks in China 2.    (have) increased to 47, making it the country with the most such geoparks in the world.
  “China 3.    (be) rich in geological heritage, with a broad distribution and a complete range of geological types,” Ren Fang, an expert with the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, told People’s Daily. “It is one of the first countries worldwide to propose and establish national geoparks.”
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  China set up national-level geoparks and 4.    (begin) applying for Global Geopark status in 2003 in response to UNESCO’s initiative to establish the Global Geoparks Network(GGN). In 2004, Beijing witnessed the First International Conference on Geoparks, where 17 European geoparks and eight Chinese geoparks 5.    (join) the GGN. The network 6.    (aim) to promote best practices and high standards for the conservation of geological heritage and the promotion of sustainable regional economic development.
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  The Mount Changbaishan Geopark, newly added to the GGN network, 7.     (situate) in Jilin Province and is home to the “millennium eruption”, a massive volcanic event that 8.     (occur) roughly 1,000 years ago. Renowned for its Quaternary volcanic landforms, the park, spanning 2,723 square km, 9.    (feature) giant compound volcanic cones, ancient eruptions and their deposits, and the splendid Tianchi lake. With over 380 craters, it 10.    (boast) the highest number, greatest density, and widest distribution of volcanic rock types in East Asia.
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