(共29张PPT)
专题三 写作提升
第一节 写对句子
英语句子看似千变万化。其实写好英语句子并不难,首先应该牢记这个公式:句子=主干+修饰(成分)。主干就是最基本的五种句式,其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。
※简约却不简单的“主谓”结构
1.即“主语+谓语(不及物动词)”。句式特点:句子的谓语动词能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫作不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语或状语从句等。常见的不及物动词有appear,arrive,apologise,die,exist,fall,happen,rise,smile,laugh,go,rain,snow,work, come等。
The activity主语 will start谓语动词 from June 15th and last for three weeks.
这项活动将于6月15号开始并持续3周。
An important volleyball match主语 is approaching.谓语动词
一场重要的排球比赛即将来临。
2.谓语动词也可以是不及物动词短语,如drop by, break down, come out, come up, run out, pass away等。
The computer主语 broke down谓语动词 when he was doing his homework.
他在做作业时,电脑突然死机了。
The upcoming Music Festival主语 will take place谓语动词 in our school.
即将到来的音乐节将在我们学校举行。
[跟踪练习1]
一、把下面各句中的主语和谓语标出来
1.The pen writes smoothly.
2.With my special care, my mother recovered quickly.
3.Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.
【答案】The pen主语 writes谓语 smoothly.
【答案】With my special care, my mother主语 recovered谓语 quickly.
【答案】Great changes主语 have taken place谓语 in my hometown in the past ten years.
4.New diet books appear nearly once a week.
5.Miss Smith has worked in that university since two years ago.
【答案】New diet books主语 appear谓语 nearly once a week.
【答案】Miss Smith主语 has worked谓语 in that university since two years ago.
二、根据所给出的汉语提示翻译或完成句子
1.上周我在郊区的一个农场工作。
in the suburbs.
2.这几天我们训练得很辛苦。
these days.
3.这部英文短片将于下午2点在学校大厅开始放映。
in the school hall at 2:00 pm.
Last week I worked on a farm
We are training very hard
The English short film will start
4.并且我也可以在外面玩!
5.他的新小说什么时候出版?
【答案】And I can play outside too!
【答案】When will his new novel come out?
※众人青睐的“主谓宾”结构
1.句式特点:谓语动词均为实义动词,都是主语发出的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动词的-ing形式、不定式等来充当),即动作的承受者,才能表达完整的意思。
At last they主 made谓 great progress.宾
最后他们取得了很大进步。
I主 have谓 good news宾 to tell you that
our school’s tennis team主 is recruiting谓 new members.宾
我有个好消息告诉你,我们学校的网球队正在招收新成员。
【特别提醒】
在写作中,同学们较多使用主动语态。如果能灵活使用被动语态,会给句子添彩不少。
To broaden vocabulary, we should read more native materials.
→To broaden vocabulary, more native materials should be read.
为了扩大词汇量,我们应该阅读更多的本土材料。
2.在“主谓宾”结构中,谓语动词也可以是及物的动词短语,如:communicate with(交流),stand for(代表,象征),get on well with(与……相处融洽),look forward to(期待),come across(碰到)。
I主 can communicate with谓 visitors宾 without difficulty.
我可以毫无困难地与来访者沟通。
We主 have to get on well with谓 different宾personalities.
我们要和不同性格的人融洽相处。
I主 am looking forward to 谓enjoying your宾 wonderful lecture.
我期待着欣赏你精彩的演讲。
【特别提醒】
在“动词+介词”的动词短语中,宾语只能接在介词之后;在“动词+副词”的动词短语中,作宾语的名词放于副词前后皆可;作宾语的代词只能放在副词之前。
[跟踪练习2]
根据所给出的汉语提示翻译或完成句子
1.学生们经常违反校规。
2.玩电脑游戏对我们的学习有消极作用。
on our study.
【答案】The students often break the school rules.
Playing computer games will have a negative effect
3.这个项目的目的是培养我们的英语学习兴趣和听说实践能力。
in English learning and practical abilities in listening and speaking.
4.为了不浪费旧报纸,工人们循环利用它们。
so as not to waste them.
5.使用计算机时,我们必须认真按照指令去做。
carefully when we use computers.
The purpose of this programme is to develop our interest
The workers recycle the old newspapers
We must follow the instructions
※独一无二的“主系表”结构
此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样,谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动词),表语多为形容词,也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。系动词除了be之外,还有以下几类:
(1)表示“感官”:look(看起来), sound(听起来),feel(感觉,摸起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来)。
(2)表示“变化”:become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come等。
(3)表示“状态持续”:remain(依然), keep(保持), stay(保持), lie(处于某种状态)等。
(4)表示“主观判断”:seem(似乎是), appear(似乎), prove(证明是), turn out(结果是)等。
Summer主 is系 my favourite season表 of the year.
夏季是我一年中最喜欢的季节。
I know you主 are系 interested in ping-pong,表 regarded as the National Ball Sport of China.
我知道你喜欢中国的国球——乒乓球。
【特别提醒】
一般而言,这种句型无被动语态,也无进行时态。
[跟踪练习3]
根据所给出的汉语提示翻译或完成句子
1.萨莉是一个成功的老师,她教过一些淘气的学生。
, who taught some naughty students.
2.尽管累了,但我从没感到这么开心过。
Tired as I was,________________________.
Sally was a successful teacher
I never felt so happy
3.养成一个好习惯也很重要。
4.你一定要记住,早睡早起是一个好习惯。
You must remember that__________________________________________
________________________________.
5.下周放学后我应该都有空。
any time after school next week.
【答案】Developing a good habit is also of great importance/is also very important.
going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit
I should be available
※一拖二的“主谓双宾”结构
该句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语(下面简称“间宾”);一个是表示物的直接宾语(下面简称“直宾”)。一般间接宾语在前面,直接宾语在后面。双宾语句型中可以将表示“物”的宾语前置,但这时要在表示人的宾语前添加介词,注意“动词+介词”搭配。
When the craftsman came into the classroom, we主 gave谓 him间宾 a warm welcome.直宾
当工匠走进教室时,我们热情地欢迎他。
Now, on behalf of my schoolmates,I主 wish谓
you间宾 a safe return.直宾
现在,我代表全校同学,祝愿你安全归来。
【特别提醒】
1.添加to的常见动词:tell, take, lend, show, give, offer, pass, bring, pay, hand…
2.添加for的常见动词:get, cook, buy, read, make, choose, draw, sing…
Mr Smith gave me some advice and lent me an English dictionary.
→Mr Smith gave some advice to me and lent an English dictionary to me.
史密斯先生给了我一些建议并且借了一本英文词典给我。
[跟踪练习4]
根据所给出的汉语提示翻译或完成句子
1.我祝你们今后一切顺利,旅途愉快。
and have a good journey.
2.开幕式将于上午9点开始,我们的校长将首先给我们发表讲话。
The opening ceremony will start at 9:00 am and
.
I wish you all the best in the future
our headmaster will give us a speech first
3.我将要告诉你有关我的家乡的一些事情。
4.我记得你来我们学校访问时,给我展示了一些关于环保的照片。
I remember when you visited our school.
【答案】I’ll tell you something about my hometown.
you showed me some photos on environmental protection
5.想要了解更多?请告诉我,我可以给你提供一些书籍。
Interested in knowing more? . Just let me know.
I can find/offer you some books
※缺一不可的“主谓宾补”结构
该句式中的动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语,才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的,直接跟在宾语之后。
1.接名词作宾语补足语的动词,常见的有:call,think, elect, make等。
2.接形容词作宾语补足语的动词,常见的有:cut,keep,leave,make,find, paint, think,declare等。
3.动词不定式作宾语补足语时通常分为下面三种情况:
(1)接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词,常见的有:tell, want, ask, wish, teach, get, allow, cause, forbid, persuade, require, expect等。
(2)接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词,常见的有使役动词let,make,have等和感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, listen to等。
(3)接带to或不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词,常见的是help。
4.接动词的-ing形式或动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有:watch, see, hear, find, keep等。
5.接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词,常见的有:find, keep, take等。
Her parents主语 died and left谓语 her宾语 an orphan.宾补
她父母双亡,使她成了孤儿。
He主 didn’t consider谓语 himself宾 (to be) important.宾补
他并不认为自己重要。
【特别提醒】
有些动词后常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面,这是英语中常用的句型,即“主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正的宾语”。常见的动词有:think, find, consider, feel, make等。
The student主语 has made谓语 it宾 a rule宾补 to read English magazines真正的宾语 every day.
这个学生已经养成了每天读英文杂志的习惯。
[跟踪练习5]
根据所给出的汉语提示完成句子
1.这使得他们要仔细想一想。
This set them carefully.
2.他们发现那套房子无人居住。
They______________________________________.
thinking
found the house deserted/abandoned
3.父母认为这对于建立孩子的信心是很有用的。
Parents think it very useful .
4.你会发现英语是通往丰富知识的桥梁。
You will to so much knowledge.
5.良好的学习习惯会使我们学习起来更加轻松有效,而且能完全吸收知识。
more easily and efficiently and absorb knowledge completely.
find English a bridge
to build their children’s confidence
Good learning habits will make us study