第二讲 代词和介词（短语）
考点一 代词
一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
代词 作用 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
人称代词主格 作主语 I we you you he/she/it they
人称代词宾格 作宾语或表语 me us you you him/her/it them
形容词性物主代词 相当于形容词，置于名词前作定语 my our your your his/her/its their
名词性物主代词 相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，常作主语、表语和宾语，也可用“of＋名词性物主代词”结构作后置定语 mine ours yours yours his/hers/its theirs
反身代词 作宾语，常用在enjoy、 teach、 hurt、 behave等动词后和by、 for、 to等介词后 myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself/ herself/ itself themselves
作同位语，用于加强语气，强调“亲自，本人，亲身”
作表语，常用于be、 feel、 look等系动词后，表示身体状况等
二、不定代词
1.both， either， neither， all， any， none
代词 含义 作主语时谓语动词的数
两者 both “都”，肯定 复数
either “任何一个”，肯定 单数
neither “都不”，否定 常用单数
三者或 更多 all “都”，肯定 与all指代的人或事物保持一致
any 任何一个 单复数均可（常与of短语连用）
none “都不”，否定
If you can’t decide which of the two books to borrow， why don’t you take both？ I won’t read them this week.
如果你不能决定借这两本书中的哪一本，为什么不两本都借呢？我这周不看这两本书。
— Do you want tea or coffee？
你想喝茶还是咖啡？
— Either is OK.I really don’t mind.
任何一种都可以。我真的不介意。
点津
“any/none of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
2.each
（1）each可直接作主语，也可接“of＋代词的复数形式”或“of＋the/these/形容词性物主代词＋名词复数”作主语，此时谓语动词用单数。
Each （of the students） has a dictionary.
每个学生都有一本词典。
（2）each可作同位语，放在主语（复数）后，谓语动词用复数。
They each have a dictionary.
他们每人都有一本词典。
点津
each还可作限定词，修饰可数名词单数，常与every进行辨析。
（1）each指两者或两者以上中的每一个，强调个体。
（2）every指三者或三者以上中的每一个，强调全体。
There are lots of flowers on each side of the road.
路两边有许多花。
She knows nearly every student in the school.
她几乎认识学校里的每个学生。
3.the other， another， the others， others
代词 用法 例句
the other 特指两者中的另一个，常用在one ...the other ...结构中 I have two daughters.One is a doctor， and the other is a teacher.我有两个女儿，一个是医生，另一个是教师。
another 指三者或三者以上中的“另一，再一” I got another of those calls yesterday. 昨天我又接了一个那样的电话。
the others 相当于“the other＋可数名词复数”，特指其余全部的人或物，常用在some ...the others ...结构中 Two boys will go to the zoo， and the others will go to the museum.两个男孩将去动物园，其余的将去博物馆。
others 相当于“other＋可数名词复数”，泛指别的人或物，常用在some ...others ... 结构中 Some students are cleaning the classroom； others are playing in the playground.一些学生在打扫教室，另一些在操场上玩。
4.many， much， （a） few， （a） little
含义 替代可数名词复数 替代不可数名词
多 many much
“少”，否定意义 few little
“一些/点”，肯定意义 a few a little
点津
not a little， quite a little相当于much； not a few， quite a few相当于many。
Most surprisingly， quite a few said they didn’t intend to vote at all.
最让人吃惊的是，相当多的人说他们根本不打算参加投票。
三、用作替代词的one， the one， that， it
代词 用法 所替代的名词的单复数
one 替代上文出现的“同类”人或事物中的一个，表泛指 必须是可数名词单数
表示复数时用ones
the one 替代上文出现的“同类”人或事物，表特指 必须是可数名词单数
表示复数时用the ones
that 替代上文出现的“同类”事物，表特指，其后常跟介词短语作后置定语 可数名词单数/不可数名词
表示复数时用those
it 替代上文出现的“同一”事物，还可以指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等 可数名词单数/不可数名词
单句语法填空
①（2024·全国甲卷）This area， with （it） unique and breathtaking natural beauty， must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park.
②（2024·1月浙江卷）Who knows， perhaps some of the more forward-looking （one） may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
③（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）Nanxiang aside， the best xiao long bao have a fine skin， allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of （they） contents.
Recycling is one way to protect the environment； reusing is .
分析：another 句子成分法。句意：（废品）回收利用是一种保护环境的方式，而重复使用是另外一种（保护环境的）方式。本题构成one ...another ...结构。another再一，又一，另一，在句中作表语。
（2022·全国乙卷）The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled （揭幕） at the ceremony， opening （it） first exhibition： The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
分析：its 句子成分法。修饰名词exhibition作定语，应用形容词性物主代词。
New technologies have made possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.
分析：it 句式结构法。句意：新技术已经使以更低的成本更快地生产新产品成为可能。动词不定式短语to turn out ...在句中是真正的宾语，设空处应用it作形式宾语。
考点二 介词（短语）
一、介词的基本用法
二、含有介词的固定搭配
单句语法填空
①（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion （《牡丹亭》） is similar in some ways Romeo and Juliet.
②（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷）And who do they speak English ？
③（2023·全国乙卷） From Buddhist temples to museums， narrow hutong royal palaces， it is home to more than 3，000 years of glorious history even down to its layout， with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.
④（2025·南昌模拟）The minimalist interiors are dressed modern furnishings and natural materials.
⑤（2025·潍坊模拟）“Tea for Harmony” cultural salon in Bath， England on Friday was aimed both celebrating International Tea Day， which fell on 21 May and promising participants an opportunity to experience teas and culture from Central China’s Hubei Province.
⑥（2025·安阳联考）Efforts have also been made to minimize the negative impacts that these archaeological projects may have local communities.
⑦The Grand Canal reached a new peak in the Yuan Dynasty （13th century）， providing a unified inland navigation network consisting more than 2，000 km of artificial waterways， linking five of the most important river basins in China， including the Yellow River and the Yangtze River.
（2023·全国甲卷）She warns of the environmental dangers facing society， and she teaches that people must take responsibility saving their environment.
分析：for 对号入座法。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对……负责。
It was built originally to protect the city the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored （修复）.
分析：in 词性判断法。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全被修复了。表“在某个朝代”应用介词in。
第二讲 代词和介词（短语）
【巩固·必备知识】
即时演练1
①its ②ones ③their
即时演练2
①to ②to/with ③to ④in ⑤at ⑥on/upon ⑦of
5 / 5第一讲 冠词和并列连词
考点一 冠词
一、不定冠词
二、定冠词
单句语法填空
①（2023·1月浙江卷）In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City， the Summer Palace， and the Temple of Heaven， the hutongs reflect culture of grassroots Beijingers.
②（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）The meat should be fresh with touch of sweetness， and the surrounding soup hot， clear and delicious.
③（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）Covering an area about three times size of Yellowstone National Park， the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
④（2025·河南适应性考试）Acupuncture， as ancient Chinese treatment， is a reflection of a rich history and significant Chinese culture.
（2022·全国甲卷） friend of his， Wu Fan， volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
分析：A 考查冠词。此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词， friend的读音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a，空处位于句首，应大写。
（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）Further， the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road， by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for first time.
分析：the 考查冠词。for the first time意为“第一次”，是固定搭配。
考点二 并列连词
并列连词 用法
and，both ... and ...， not only ... but （also） ...等 表并列、顺承或递进关系
but， yet， whereas等 表转折关系
or， either ...or ...， not ...but ...等 表选择关系
for， so 表因果关系（for连接的分句一般不能放在句首）
and， or 表条件或结果关系，常用于句型“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”中
while 强调两种情况的对比
There the air is clean and the mountains are green.
那里空气清新，千山一碧。
The failure was a big blow to him， but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
这次失败对他是个很大的打击，但他并没有气馁，很快便像以前一样充满热情了。
Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.
要么你改进工作，要么我就辞退你。
The leaves of the trees are falling， for it’s already autumn.
树叶正在飘落，因为秋天已经到了。
You have to move out of the way or the truck cannot get past you.
你必须让出路来，否则卡车无法从你身旁通过。
I like black coffee， while he prefers it with milk.
我爱喝不加牛奶的咖啡，而他更喜欢喝加牛奶的。
Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.
她和她的朋友都没想过要把石头从路上移开。
I like the job not because it is amusing but because it can benefit society.
我喜欢这份工作，不是因为它有趣，而是因为它有益于社会。
点津
when可用作并列连词，相当于and at this/that time，意为“正在这/那时，突然……”，常用于下列句型：sb be about to do/on the point of doing sth when ...（某人正要做某事，突然……）；sb be doing sth when ...（某人正在做某事，突然……）； sb had （just） done sth when ...（某人刚做完某事，突然……）。
He was about to go out when the telephone rang.
他正要出去，这时电话铃响了。
He had just finished writing a report when the boss let him type a letter.
他刚写完一篇报告，老板就让他打印一封信件。
单句语法填空
①（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）...Edmondson said，“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
②（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）To eat one， you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first， releasing the steam and risking a spill （溢出）， to put the whole dumpling in your mouth， letting the hot soup explode on your tongue （舌头）.
③（2023·全国乙卷）It is a distinct visual contrast （反差） that shouldn’t work， somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.
④The virtuous （有德行的） man cherishes a respect for the law， the evil man cherishes generous treatment.
⑤Bear also notes handwriting is a tool that， once learned， can serve students as they travel throughout their academic journey beyond.
⑥When the restorers find some parts of murals missing fading away， they never repaint them to create a “perfect” appearance in restoration.
⑦I had just arrived at the office my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
（2024·1月浙江卷）Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh.
分析：or 关系分析法。句意：要么你买的东西太重，搬不回家，要么你不能在你买的东西还新鲜的时候使用它。either ...or ...意为“或者……或者……”。
I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busy drying myself with a towel I heard the steps.
分析：when 句型判断法。句意：我刚刚从浴室里走出来，正忙着用毛巾擦干身体，这时我听到了脚步声。此处为be doing ...when ...句型。
第一讲 冠词和并列连词
【巩固·必备知识】
即时演练1
①the ②a ③the ④an
即时演练2
①and ②or ③but/yet ④while ⑤and ⑥or ⑦when
4 / 4(共30张PPT)
第二讲 代词和介词（短语）
高中总复习·英语 (人教版)
巩固·必备知识
归纳整合，高效落实
考点一 代词
一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
代词 作用 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
人称代词
主格 作主语 I we you you he/sh
e/it they
人称代词
宾格 作宾语或表语 m
e us you you him/
her/it them
代词 作用 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
形容词性
物主代词 相当于形容词，置于名词前作定语 my our your your his/h
er/its their
名词性物
主代词 相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，常作主语、表语和宾语，也可用“of＋名词性物主代词”结构作后置定语 mi
ne ours you
rs your
s his/h
ers/it
s their
s
代词 作用 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
反身 代词 作宾语，常用在enjoy、 teach、 hurt、 behave等
动词后和by、 for、 to等介词后 m
ys
elf ours
elve
s you
rsel
f your
selve
s hims
elf/ herself/ itself them
selve
s
作同位语，用于加强语气，强调“亲自，本人，亲身”
作表语，常用于be、
feel、 look等系动词后，表示身体状况等
二、不定代词
1. both， either， neither， all， any， none
代词 含义 作主语时谓语动
词的数
两者 both “都”，肯定 复数
either “任何一个”，肯定 单数
neither “都不”，否定 常用单数
代词 含义 作主语时谓语动词的数
三者
或 更多 all “都”，肯定 与all指代的人或事物保持一致
any 任何一个 单复数均可（常与of短语连用）
non
e “都不”，否定
— Do you want tea or coffee？
你想喝茶还是咖啡？
— Either is OK. I really don’t mind.
任何一种都可以。我真的不介意。
点津
“any/none of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
If you can’t decide which of the two books to borrow， why don’t you
take both？ I won’t read them this week.
如果你不能决定借这两本书中的哪一本，为什么不两本都借呢？我这
周不看这两本书。
2. each
（1）each可直接作主语，也可接“of＋代词的复数形式”或“of
＋the/these/形容词性物主代词＋名词复数”作主语，此时谓语动
词用单数。
Each （of the students） has a dictionary.
每个学生都有一本词典。
（2）each可作同位语，放在主语（复数）后，谓语动词用复数。
They each have a dictionary.他们每人都有一本词典。
点津
each还可作限定词，修饰可数名词单数，常与every进行辨析。
（1）each指两者或两者以上中的每一个，强调个体。
（2）every指三者或三者以上中的每一个，强调全体。
There are lots of flowers on each side of the road.
路两边有许多花。
She knows nearly every student in the school.
她几乎认识学校里的每个学生。
3. the other， another， the others， others
代词 用法 例句
theoth
er 特指两者中的另一个，常用在one ...the other ...结构中 I have two daughters.One is a
doctor， and the other is a
teacher.我有两个女儿，一个是医
生，另一个是教师。
anoth
er 指三者或三者以上中的“另一，再一” I got another of those calls
yesterday.
昨天我又接了一个那样的电话。
代词 用法 例句
theoth
ers 相当于“the other＋可数名词复数”，特指其余全部的人或物，常用在some ...the
others ...结构中 Two boys will go to the zoo， and
the others will go to the museum.
两个男孩将去动物园，其余的将
去博物馆。
others 相当于“other＋可数名词复数”，泛指别的人或物，常用在some ...others ... 结构中 Some students are cleaning the
classroom； others are playing in the playground.一些学生在打扫教室，另一些在操场上玩。
4. many， much， （a） few， （a） little
含义 替代可数名
词复数 替代不可数名词
多 many much
“少”，否定意义 few little
“一些/点”，肯定意义 a few a little
not a little， quite a little相当于much； not a few， quite a few相当于
many。
Most surprisingly， quite a few said they didn’t intend to vote at all.
最让人吃惊的是，相当多的人说他们根本不打算参加投票。
点津
三、用作替代词的one， the one， that， it
代词 用法 所替代的名词的单复数
one 替代上文出现的“同类”人或事物中的一个，表泛指 必须是可数名词单数
表示复数时用ones
the one 替代上文出现的“同类”人或事物，表特指 必须是可数名词单数
表示复数时用the ones
代词 用法 所替代的名词
的单复数
that 替代上文出现的“同类”事物，表特指，其后常跟介词短语作后置定语 可数名词单数/
不可数名词
表示复数时用
those
it 替代上文出现的“同一”事物，还可以指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等 可数名词单数/
不可数名词
单句语法填空
①（2024·全国甲卷）This area， with （it） unique and
breathtaking natural beauty， must be well preserved for all people of the
nation to enjoy — as a national park.
②（2024·1月浙江卷）Who knows， perhaps some of the more forward-
looking （one） may yet come out with a whole range of “just
for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
③（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）Nanxiang aside， the best xiao long bao have a
fine skin， allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without
tearing or spilling any of （they） contents.
its
ones
their
Recycling is one way to protect the environment； reusing
is .
分析：another 句子成分法。句意：（废品）回收利用是一种保护环
境的方式，而重复使用是另外一种（保护环境的）方式。本题构成
one ...another ...结构。another再一，又一，另一，在句中作表语。
（2022·全国乙卷）The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially
unveiled （揭幕） at the ceremony， opening （it） first
exhibition： The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
分析：its 句子成分法。修饰名词exhibition作定语，应用形容词性物
主代词。
New technologies have made possible to turn out new
products faster and at a lower cost.
分析：it 句式结构法。句意：新技术已经使以更低的成本更快地生
产新产品成为可能。动词不定式短语to turn out ...在句中是真正的宾
语，设空处应用it作形式宾语。
考点二 介词（短语）
一、介词的基本用法
二、含有介词的固定搭配
单句语法填空
①（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony
Pavilion （《牡丹亭》） is similar in some ways Romeo and
Juliet.
②（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷）And who do they speak English ？
③（2023·全国乙卷） From Buddhist temples to museums， narrow
hutong royal palaces， it is home to more than 3，000 years of
glorious history even down to its layout， with the city keeping its
carefully built system of ring roads.
to
to/with
to
④（2025·南昌模拟）The minimalist interiors are dressed modern
furnishings and natural materials.
⑤（2025·潍坊模拟）“Tea for Harmony” cultural salon in Bath，
England on Friday was aimed both celebrating International Tea
Day， which fell on 21 May and promising participants an opportunity to
experience teas and culture from Central China’s Hubei Province.
in
at
⑥（2025·安阳联考）Efforts have also been made to minimize the
negative impacts that these archaeological projects may have
local communities.
⑦The Grand Canal reached a new peak in the Yuan Dynasty （13th
century）， providing a unified inland navigation network
consisting more than 2，000 km of artificial waterways， linking
five of the most important river basins in China， including the Yellow
River and the Yangtze River.
on/upon
of
（2023·全国甲卷）She warns of the environmental dangers facing
society， and she teaches that people must take responsibility
saving their environment.
分析：for 对号入座法。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导
人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对……负责。
It was built originally to protect the city the Tang Dynasty
and has now been completely restored （修复）.
分析：in 词性判断法。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造
的，现在已经完全被修复了。表“在某个朝代”应用介词in。
演示完毕 感谢观看 !(共21张PPT)
第一讲 冠词和并列连词
高中总复习·英语 (人教版)
巩固·必备知识
归纳整合，高效落实
考点一 冠词
一、不定冠词
二、定冠词
单句语法填空
①（2023·1月浙江卷）In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture
represented by the Forbidden City， the Summer Palace， and the Temple
of Heaven， the hutongs reflect culture of grassroots Beijingers.
②（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）The meat should be fresh with touch of
sweetness， and the surrounding soup hot， clear and delicious.
③（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）Covering an area about three times size of
Yellowstone National Park， the GPNP will be one of the first national
parks in the country.
④（2025·河南适应性考试）Acupuncture， as ancient Chinese
treatment， is a reflection of a rich history and significant Chinese culture.
the
a
the
an
（2022·全国甲卷） friend of his， Wu Fan， volunteered
to be his companion during the trip.
分析：A 考查冠词。此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠
词， friend的读音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a，空处位于句
首，应大写。
（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）Further， the Silk Route Garden around the
greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk
Road， by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain
for first time.
分析：the 考查冠词。for the first time意为“第一次”，是固定
搭配。
考点二 并列连词
并列连词 用法
and，both ... and ...， not
only ... but （also） ...等 表并列、顺承或递进关系
but， yet， whereas等 表转折关系
or， either ...or ...，
not ...but ...等 表选择关系
for， so 表因果关系（for连接的分句一般不能
放在句首）
and， or 表条件或结果关系，常用于句型“祈使
句＋and/or＋陈述句”中
while 强调两种情况的对比
There the air is clean and the mountains are green.
那里空气清新，千山一碧。
The failure was a big blow to him， but he wasn’t discouraged and soon
got as enthusiastic as ever.
这次失败对他是个很大的打击，但他并没有气馁，很快便像以前一样
充满热情了。
Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.要么你改进工
作，要么我就辞退你。
The leaves of the trees are falling， for it’s already autumn.树叶正在飘
落，因为秋天已经到了。
You have to move out of the way or the truck cannot get past you.
你必须让出路来，否则卡车无法从你身旁通过。
I like black coffee， while he prefers it with milk.
我爱喝不加牛奶的咖啡，而他更喜欢喝加牛奶的。
Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the
road.
她和她的朋友都没想过要把石头从路上移开。
I like the job not because it is amusing but because it can benefit society.
我喜欢这份工作，不是因为它有趣，而是因为它有益于社会。
点津
when可用作并列连词，相当于and at this/that time，意为“正在这/那
时，突然……”，常用于下列句型：sb be about to do/on the point of
doing sth when ...（某人正要做某事，突然……）；sb be doing sth
when ...（某人正在做某事，突然……）； sb had （just） done sth
when ...（某人刚做完某事，突然……）。
He was about to go out when the telephone rang.
他正要出去，这时电话铃响了。
He had just finished writing a report when the boss let him type a letter.
他刚写完一篇报告，老板就让他打印一封信件。
He was about to go out when the telephone rang.
他正要出去，这时电话铃响了。
He had just finished writing a report when the boss let him type a letter.
他刚写完一篇报告，老板就让他打印一封信件。
单句语法填空
①（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）...Edmondson said，“It was very exciting to
hear the Chinese language see how Tang’s play was being
performed.”
②（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）To eat one， you have to decide whether to bite a
small hole in it first， releasing the steam and risking a spill （溢
出）， to put the whole dumpling in your mouth， letting the hot
soup explode on your tongue （舌头）.
and
or
③（2023·全国乙卷）It is a distinct visual contrast （反差） that
shouldn’t work， somehow these two very different worlds
make a good combination.
④The virtuous （有德行的） man cherishes a respect for the
law， the evil man cherishes generous treatment.
⑤Bear also notes handwriting is a tool that， once learned， can serve
students as they travel throughout their academic journey
beyond.
but/yet
while
and
⑥When the restorers find some parts of murals missing fading
away， they never repaint them to create a “perfect” appearance in
restoration.
⑦I had just arrived at the office my wife phoned me to go back
home at once.
or
when
（2024·1月浙江卷）Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry
home you can’t use what you’ve bought while
it’s still fresh.
分析：or 关系分析法。句意：要么你买的东西太重，搬不回家，要
么你不能在你买的东西还新鲜的时候使用它。either ...or ...意为
“或者……或者……”。
I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busy drying myself
with a towel I heard the steps.
分析：when 句型判断法。句意：我刚刚从浴室里走出来，正忙
着用毛巾擦干身体，这时我听到了脚步声。此处为be
doing ...when ...句型。
演示完毕 感谢观看 !
