选择性必修第二册 UNIT 5 EDUCATION(二)
62．5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·上海期中)
On 15th June 1996，a huge bomb in Manchester，in the north-west of England，destroyed the city centre，causing nearly a billion pounds’ worth of damage.The bomb，which had been ①planted by a terrorist group called the IRA，injured over 200 people but remarkably killed no one as police had evacuated the area following a warning from the IRA.
Manchester had already undergone some changes as it recovered from the economic depression of the early 1990s that had destroyed much of its industry and created large-scale unemployment.It had won the right to host the Commonwealth Games (a large sporting event) and ②redeveloped some deserted areas through the building of the National Velodrome，an exhibition centre and an award-winning concert hall.However，at the time of the bombing，the city centre was still badly neglected—dominated by the Arndale Shopping Centre (once described as looking like an enormous public toilet) and squares that were run-down and affected by drug addiction.So，dreadful though the bombing was，it actually provided an opportunity to start again that might not have happened otherwise.
Within weeks of the explosion，the government had set up a public-private company to manage the recovery and launched an international competition to design the redevelopment.The winning plan involved restoring the historic buildings that had been damaged，tearing down and rebuilding some of the ugly buildings，creating new public spaces and improving life for pedestrians.Alongside this，the government reduced traffic in the centre by changing the direction of some main roads and developed an integrated public transport system，making access to the centre easier.Since these improvements，the city has attempted to boost tourism by using some of the city’s historical sites for major public events and by creating the Urbis building，which now houses the National Football Museum.In turn，these changes have been key in attracting new investors，such as the Qatari royal family who own Manchester City Football Club.
Since 1996，Manchester’s economy has expanded，but concerns about rising inequality persist.Not all new developments are well-received; a garden square by a renowned architect was dubbed the city’s least appealing spot.Some contend that replacing markets and industries with luxury consumption and glass structures has diminished the city’s essence.
1．What does the underlined word “evacuated” in paragraph 1 most probably mean
A．Looked for something in a place.
B．Estimated the losses in a ruined place.
C．Removed people from a place of danger.
D．Determined a numerical value of a place.
2．What does the writer say about the 1996 IRA bombing
A．It presented an unexpected opportunity for Manchester.
B．It destroyed the city centre that used to be busy and crowded.
C．It resulted in a lot of people getting hurt or killed in Manchester.
D．It cost Manchester its chance to host the Commonwealth Games.
3．What did Manchester do for its recovery
A．It set up Manchester City Football Club.
B．It organised an international competition to attract new investors.
C．It tore down some historical sites to make room for public events.
D．It developed a public traffic system to make the city centre more accessible.
4．What is the passage mainly about
A．Damage Manchester suffered due to the IRA bombing.
B．The IRA bombing in Manchester and its consequences.
C．Challenges related to the redevelopment of Manchester.
D．The long-term effects of the changes made in Manchester.
语境猜词 ①plant(熟义：种植) 生义(文义)： ②redevelop(派)＝re＋develop
B
From beautiful bronze(青铜) wine cups to grand bronze ding(food containers)，this exhibition features discoveries that will fundamentally change visitors’ understanding of ancient Chinese civilization.
At about the same time that Stonehenge was rising in England，a Bronze Age culture was developing in China that in many respects was seldom equaled and never surpassed.This development seemed to have begun by 1600 BC in the Shang (about 1600 BC—1046 BC) along the Yellow River.For thousands of years，this area had witnessed cultures of increasing complexity，which laid the foundation of the Chinese civilization.By the time of the Bronze Age，this culture was characterized by a strong centralized government，urban communities with obvious social ①classes，a distinctive system of writing，strict religious rituals，diversified art forms，and advanced bronze-producing methods.
Unlike other cultures，where bronze was first used chiefly for tools and weapons，in China，bronze was used to make vessels(容器) that played central roles in official ceremonies and ancestor worship for more than 1,000 years，even after the official beginnings of the Iron Age in 400 BC.Possession of bronze vessels thus became a symbol for the holding of power and rulers used bronze cups and food containers to present offerings of food and wine to royal ancestors.
During Shang times，wine played a major part in such ceremonies，and containers for wine therefore far ②outnumbered other types.Then，the Shang were criticized for too much wine drinking，which gave the Zhou，Shang’s enemy，the right to overthrow the Shang.Safeguarding its own dynasty，the Zhou replaced the wine vessels with more practical cooking and storage tools.
After the Shang period，bronze vessels became more important as expressions of personal status than as vehicles for official ceremonies.This is evident from the changing content of bronze inscriptions.Carved into the surface of a vessel，these writings first appeared during the late Shang period as an identification of the vessel’s owner or of the ancestor to whom it was dedicated.During the Western Zhou period，inscriptions became increasingly common and lengthier，praising the achievements of the owners.
5．What was happening in China by the time Stonehenge was rising in England
A．The Chinese had yet to invent their writing system.
B．China was still relatively backward in many respects.
C．China had already had a strong centralized government.
D．Social classes just started to emerge in the Chinese cities.
6．What is the third paragraph mainly about
A．The main applications of bronze in China.
B．The complex official ceremonies in China.
C．The significance of the discovery of bronze.
D．The differences between China and other countries.
7．Which of the following most probably belongs to the Zhou
A．Huge bronze ding with short religious texts.
B．Bronze vessels showing the kings’ achievements.
C．An unearthed tomb with lots of bronze wine cups.
D．An ancient kitchen with lots of bronze cooking pots.
8．From which is the text most probably taken
A．A science report. B．An exhibit brochure.
C．A history textbook. D．A research paper.
语境猜词 ①class(熟义：班级) 生义(文义)： ②outnumber(合)＝out＋number
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·山东济南期末)
What is heritage The word can be difficult to define.Heritage is always something that is passed down by families or other groups for many years. 1 It can also be the customs，traditions，and values shared by groups of people.One way to think about heritage is to break it down into three groups.These are the tangible(有形的)，the natural，and the ①intangible.
2 It can include many human-made objects that ②hold cultural value.Some examples are national monuments and works of art.Many ancient sites are also part of this group.On a smaller scale，a family home can be part of an individual’s heritage.
Many parts of the natural world are also important to cultural heritage.This can include bodies of water，plant life，landforms and more.One example is the Nile River. 3 Efforts to protect natural heritage are key in many cultures.
The intangible group includes any part of cultural heritage that you can’t feel through touch.Maybe you’ve read about forms of dance，like Flamenco dancing.You might know about the music of Mariachi Bands.These are all examples of intangible heritage. 4
Exploring your own heritage can be fun.It can help you learn about yourself，your family，and your ancestors.But it’s also important to learn about the heritage of others. 5 It can also lead you to find things you may have in common with others!
A．They are treasures that can be touched.
B．What tangible items can be part of heritage
C．However，heritage isn’t limited to concrete objects.
D．Languages，holidays and customs also ③make the list.
E．Therefore，it’s difficult to protect them from fading away.
F．Doing so can help you build a stronger understanding of other cultures.
G．It has been part of cultural heritage in many African nations for centuries.
语境猜词 ①intangible(派)＝in＋tangible ②hold(熟义：v.抓住 ) 生义(文义)： ③make the list
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
I was interested in volunteering at a hospital because both of my parents work in hospitals.I wanted to see what the 1 was after hearing them talk about it.To be more 2 ，I wanted to work at the VA—Veterans(老兵) Affairs hospital—in Palo Alto because the 3 of VA is “to serve those who served” and I really 4 this very idea.
To my greatest joy，I was 5 the VA program，and throughout this summer ①break I’ve spent around 110 hours 6 at VA Palo Alto in different departments.To be honest，I had never at all felt more welcomed and 7 in every department I went to.After some initial experiences，I 8 to work in the Office of Information Technology (OIT) since I am interested in computers，and I wanted to see how they are used in a hospital ②setting.
My overall experience of volunteering at VA can be 9 into the words of “③eye-opening and 10 ”．Throughout my whole life I have been 11 to health care，from both my parents being physicians and my health problems，but I have never 12 been on the other side of the glass，so to speak.What I 13 most about my experience was the 14 to see what it’s like to help people.I want to continue volunteering at VA because I believe there is no other experience that can be as 15 as working in a hospital that treats Veterans.
1．A.opportunity B．decision
C．experience D．adventure
2．A.specific B．private
C．flexible D．cautious
3．A.concept B．mission
C．profession D．advantage
4．A.contributed B．generated
C．transformed D．shared
5．A.accepted into B．committed to
C．concerned about D．withdrawn from
6．A.studying B．volunteering
C．observing D．exercising
7．A.convinced B．determined
C．valued D．amused
8．A.applied B．refused
C．promised D．arranged
9．A.classified B．summarized
C．divided D．combined
10．A.normal B．relevant
C．reliable D．worthy
11．A.attached B．devoted
C．exposed D．supposed
12．A.appropriately B．totally
C．absolutely D．actually
13．A.respect B．treasure
C．understand D．agree
14．A.ability B．responsibility
C．approach D．courage
15．A.relaxing B．challenging
C．fulfilling D．thrilling
语境猜词 ①break(熟义：v.打破；弄坏) 生义(文义)： ②setting(派)＝set＋t＋ing ③eye-opening(合＋派)＝eye＋open＋ing
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2023·全国甲)
For thousands of years，people have told fables(寓言) 1. (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures，and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 2. (six) century，B.C.Yet，the form of the fable still has values today，3. Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”．
Carson uses a simple，direct style common to fables.In fact，her style and tone(口吻) are seemingly directed at children.“There was once a town in the heart of America,4. all life seemed to enjoy peaceful ①co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins,5.________________(borrow) some familiar words from many ②age-old fables.Behind the simple style，however，is a serious message 6. (intend) for everyone.
7． (difference) from traditional fables，Carson’s story ends with an ③accusation instead of a moral.She warns of the environmental dangers facing society，and she teaches that people must take responsibility 8. saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life.However，Carson’s theme is a more weighty 9. (warn) about environmental destruction.Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10. (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
语境猜词 ①co-existence(派)＝co＋existence ②age-old(合)＝age＋old ③accusation(派)＝accus(e)＋ation
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①v.(秘密)放置，安置 ②v.重新开发
B．①n.阶级 ②v.比……多
Ⅱ.①adj.无形的 ②v.拥有 ③榜上有名
Ⅲ.①n.短期休假 ②n.环境；背景 ③adj.令人大开眼界的，令人很有启发的
Ⅳ.①n.共处；共存 ②adj.古老的；由来已久的 ③n.控告，指责，谴责
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1996年爱尔兰共和军恐怖组织在曼彻斯特投下了一枚炸弹，这次事件实际上给曼彻斯特提供了一个重新发展的机会。
1．C [词义猜测题。根据第一段中画线词所在句“The bomb...injured over 200 people but remarkably killed no one as police had evacuated the area following a warning from the IRA.”可知，这枚由恐怖组织爱尔兰共和军秘密安置的炸弹没有造成人员死亡，这是因为警方在爱尔兰共和军发出警告后将该地区的人员进行了疏散。由此推知，画线词evacuated意为“疏散”，与C项“把人们从危险的地方带走”意思接近。故选C。]
2．A [细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“So，dreadful though the bombing was，it actually provided an opportunity to start again that might not have happened otherwise.”可知，1996年爱尔兰共和军爆炸案给曼彻斯特带来了一个意想不到的机会。故选A。]
3．D [细节理解题。根据第三段中“Alongside this，the government reduced traffic in the centre by changing the direction of some main roads and developed an integrated public transport system，making access to the centre easier.”可知，为了复苏，曼彻斯特发展了一个公共交通系统，使城市中心更容易到达。故选D。]
4．B [主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段和第二段中“So，dreadful though the bombing was，it actually provided an opportunity to start again that might not have happened otherwise.”可知，文章主要介绍了爱尔兰共和军在曼彻斯特组织的爆炸及其产生的影响。故选B。]
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国古代青铜文化的发展、特点及其在社会政治生活中的重要地位。
5．C [细节理解题。根据第二段中“At about the same time that Stonehenge was rising in England，a Bronze Age culture was developing in China that...”和“By the time of the Bronze Age，this culture was characterized by a strong centralized government...”可知，巨石阵在英国矗立起来的时候，中国处于青铜时代，拥有一个强大的中央集权政府。故选C。]
6．A [段落大意题。根据第三段“Unlike other cultures...bronze was used to make vessels(容器) that...”可知，这一段主要讲述了青铜在中国的主要应用。故选A。]
7．D [推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Safeguarding its own dynasty，the Zhou replaced the wine vessels with more practical cooking and storage tools.”可知，周朝用更实用的烹饪和储藏工具取代了酒器。因此，最有可能属于周朝的是一个有很多青铜炊具的古代厨房。故选D。]
8．B [文章出处题。根据全文内容，尤其第一段“...this exhibition features discoveries that will fundamentally change visitors’ understanding...”可知，本文主要介绍了中国古代青铜文化的发展、特点及其在社会政治生活中的重要地位，因此，这篇文章最有可能摘自一本展览手册。故选B。]
Ⅱ.1.C 2.B 3.G 4.D 5.F
Ⅲ.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在帕洛阿尔托的退伍军人事务医院做志愿者工作的经历和感悟。
1．C [opportunity机会；decision决定；experience经历；adventure冒险。根据后文的“after hearing them talk about it”可知，作者想在听父母谈论之后看看他们的经历是什么样的。故选C。]
2．A [specific具体的；private私人的；flexible柔韧的；cautious小心的。后文“I wanted to work at the VA—Veterans(老兵) Affairs hospital—in Palo Alto”说出了作者具体想在哪里工作。to be more specific“更具体地说”。故选A。]
3．B [concept概念；mission任务，使命；profession专业；advantage有利条件。根据后文的“of VA is ‘to serve those who served’”可知，“为曾经服役的人服务”是这个医院的使命。故选B。]
4．D [contribute捐献；generate生成；transform转化；share共享，有同样的感情(或想法、经历等)。根据前文的“I wanted to work at the VA—Veterans (老兵) Affairs hospital—in Palo Alto”可知，作者希望在这里工作，证明作者认同这个医院的使命。故选D。]
5．A [be accepted into被接受进入，录取；be committed to致力于；be concerned about关心；be withdrawn from从……退出。根据后文的“throughout this summer break I’ve spent around 110 hours ________ at VA Palo Alto in different departments”可推知，作者被VA项目录取了。故选A。]
6．B [study学习；volunteer自愿做；observe观察；exercise锻炼。根据前文的“I was interested in volunteering at a hospital”可知，作者对在医院做志愿者很感兴趣，所以整个暑假自愿工作了大约110个小时。故选B。]
7．C [convinced深信；determined坚定的；valued被重视的；amused觉得好笑的。根据前文的“I had never at all felt more welcomed”可知，作者从来没有感到像现在这样受到欢迎和重视。故选C。]
8．A [apply申请；refuse拒绝；promise承诺；arrange安排。根据后文的“to work in the Office of Information Technology (OIT) since I am interested in computers”可知，因为作者对计算机很感兴趣，所以作者申请了信息技术办公室的工作。故选A。]
9．B [classify分类；summarize总结，概括；divide划分；combine组合。根据前文的“My overall experience of volunteering at VA”以及后文的“eye-opening and ________”可知，作者的经历能被概括成两个词。故选B。]
10．D [normal正常的；relevant相关的；reliable可靠的；worthy值得的。根据前文的“eye-opening”可知，作者认为自己的经历是令人大开眼界、值得铭记的。故选D。]
11．C [be attached to钟爱；be devoted to专心于，致力于；be exposed to暴露于，接触；be supposed to应该。根据第一段中“I was interested in volunteering at a hospital because both of my parents work in hospitals.”以及后文的“from both my parents being physicians and my health problems”可知，作者因为父母是医生以及自己的健康问题，一直对医疗保健有所接触。故选C。]
12．D [appropriately适当地；totally完全地；absolutely绝对地；actually实际上。根据上文可知，在作者的一生中，作者一直在接触医疗保健，但实际上，作者从来没有真正地了解过它。故选D。]
13．B [respect尊重；treasure珍爱，珍惜；understand理解；agree同意。根据后文的“most about my experience was the ________ to see what it’s like to help people”可知，在这段做志愿者的经历中，作者能够看到帮助别人是什么样子，这是作者最珍惜的。故选B。]
14．A [ability能力；responsibility责任；approach方法；courage勇气。根据后文的“to see what it’s like to help people”可知，作者从事志愿者工作，因此有能力看到帮助别人是什么样子。故选A。]
15．C [relaxing令人放松的；challenging具有挑战性的；fulfilling令人满足的，让人感觉有意义的；thrilling令人兴奋不已的。根据上文可知，在一家治疗退伍军人的医院工作能够帮助别人，作者认为这让人感觉有意义。故选C。]
Ⅳ.1.to teach 2.sixth 3.as 4.where 5.borrowing 6.intended
7．Different 8.for 9.warning 10.be employed选择性必修第二册 UNIT 5 EDUCATION(一)
62．5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
When American anthropologist Colin Turnbull published The Mountain People in 1972，he referred to his subjects—a Ugandan group called the Ik—as “the loveless people”. After two years of observations，he decided that they reflected humanity’s basest(最卑劣的) instincts(本能)：cheat，thievery，and pitilessness.But when Athena Aktipis and her colleagues from the Human Generosity Project took a deeper look，they identified a community that shared everything.“Turnbull had visited Uganda during a disastrous famine(饥荒)．All he saw is what happens when people are starving，” says Aktipis.But her team revealed that despite living under pressure，the Ik placed a high value on helping one another when they could.
Aktipis believes that altruism is more common and beneficial than evolutionary social science has long thought.“It was assumed that people are designed to only do things to help themselves or their relatives，” she says.By studying the unique，selfless practices that helped nine communities across the world to continue to exist，the experts from the project are looking to show that we are indeed capable of widespread cooperation.
The Maasai people in Kenya provide one of the project’s main points.They rely on ①two-way friendships for resources like food or water when they’re in need，without expecting any repayment.Also，a world away，in New Mexico，while folks often help transport cattle and receive support in return，they will assist without repayment if someone faces difficulties，such as an injury or the death of a loved one.
Aktipis believes theoretical frameworks she’s perfected through studying these groups can apply broadly to any ②interdependent systems.Her big goal is to design social-service systems that support everyone.Take market-based insurance in the United States as an example: It’s priced based on individual risk factors such as health histories and where people live，which means millions of Americans can’t afford it.But in a system built on neighboring，pooled costs(合并成本) would level the burden during collective hardship like natural disasters.
1．What did Turnbull think of the Ik people
A．Heartless. B．Helpful. C．Restless. D．Generous.
2．What does the underlined word “altruism” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Trying to be strong and tough to survive.
B．Making full use of the surrounding resources.
C．Being devoted to themselves or their relatives.
D．Caring about the needs and happiness of others.
3．What does paragraph 3 intend to convey
A．Friendships guarantee a happy life.
B．Folks assist each other to get support.
C．Cooperation is a good and natural instinct.
D．People tend to provide resources for free.
4．How does Aktipis intend to apply her findings
A．By designing a policy for public health.
B．By monitoring individual health histories.
C．By creating a system against collective hardship.
D．By lowering insurance prices for individual victims.
语境猜词 ①two-way(合)＝two＋way ②interdependent(派)＝inter＋dependent
B
(2024·浙江绍兴三模)
The Yellow River is the cradle of China’s civilization.And flood control and prevention have always been key to the well-being of the people living along it.Now，scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin.
The digital twin of the Yellow River uses various technologies，including big data，artificial intelligence，and the Internet.Devices set up along the river collect and transmit information to the command center.Based on the information，a 3D model of the river is presented on the computer screen.It’s like the Yellow River has a twin that reflects its real conditions.
One big breakthrough in the river’s digital governance is “smart stones”．According to Wang Qin，a lead researcher at the Information Center of Yellow River Henan Bureau，a smart stone is a ①water-proof stone-shaped device with chips，a battery，and a signal transmitter.They are buried in important dike locations to record and report the movement of dike stones.“Upon feeling movement of the dike stones，the smart stone sends an alarm to the command center for quick response，” Wang said.
“In the past，researchers had to learn the conditions of the dike on the spot by themselves，putting their lives at risk，” said Zhao Xiaoxiong from the bureau.“Now the smart stones can do this for us，more safely，quickly，and accurately.”
And in the sky，drones(无人机) are flying.On the routes designed by engineers，the drones become expert patrollers(巡逻员) of the river，looking at its dikes and flood prevention projects.According to Shen Lin from the Yellow River Conservancy Commission，thanks to the drones，researchers at the command center can get first-hand photos and information.“Researchers then update the 3D model according to the changes the drones reported.The newly updated model helps us test our floodwater release plans in case we ever need to batten down the hatches，” said Shen.
Under the water and up in the sky，intelligent systems are helping to protect the Yellow River Basin ②on all fronts.According to the Ministry of Water Resources，in the future，we can expect to see the construction of an even more comprehensive digital system for this important river.
5．What is the purpose of creating a digital twin of the Yellow River
A．To popularize the digital information.
B．To promote the local economic development.
C．To increase the effectiveness of flood prevention.
D．To arouse the awareness of environmental protection.
6．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．The significance of smart stones.
B．The components of smart stones.
C．The design feature of smart stones.
D．The working principle of smart stones.
7．What is the function of drones in the digital governance
A．To take wildlife photos.
B．To update the previous model.
C．To collect the needed information.
D．To test the floodwater release plans.
8．Which of the following might be the best title for the text
A．Yellow River Seeing Double
B．The Cradle of China’s Civilization
C．Bright Outlook of Digital Development
D．Intelligent Systems Witnessing a Breakthrough
语境猜词 ①water-proof(合)＝water＋proof ②on all fronts
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·山东威海期末)
What exactly is the importance of teachers in the current ①educational landscape The last few years have witnessed the rise of education technology and online tutoring firms. 1 Such people，however，have completely ignored the one thing that makes studying in a proper classroom ②irreplaceable and that is the importance of teachers.
The Internet has more information about any given topic than any one person can ever hope to possess. 2 Knowing that “tomato is a fruit” is information，and not putting it in a fruit salad is wisdom.This example does a perfect job in illustrating just how important wisdom is in the day to day life.Books and the Internet can give you information，but only a teacher can pass on wisdom. 3
Understanding the reason for the poor performance of a particular child and helping them overcome their weakness while also pushing the top performers to do better are things only a teacher can do.
You can develop the most amazing online tutoring platform and fill it with amazing and interesting videos but it is never enough. 4 But videos are made for a general audience.They can hardly be sufficient for the problems that students face in their life outside the classroom.Only teachers who have spent time with their students can guide the students in a way that can help them figure a way out of any problem they might be facing in their life.
5 While the list of reasons stating the importance of teachers is a bit too long to put in a single article，these two are sufficient to silence anyone who believes that going to school to be taught by proper teachers will soon become obsolete.
A．Wisdom，however，is something that it badly lacks.
B．Every single student is unique in his or her own way.
C．Teachers are also important in shaping the future of the youth.
D．On this point，the importance of teachers should never be understated.
E．Everything people can possibly learn is freely available on the Internet.
F．Many argue that they might one day completely replace formal schooling.
G．These are just two ways that teachers have a massive impact on their students.
语境猜词 ①educational(派)＝education＋al ②irreplaceable(派)＝ir＋replace＋able
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
On a hot summer day when I was 13，I was bored in my attic(阁楼) bedroom.Thinking about how to 1 that boredom，I leaned(斜靠) sideways，and my hand ①landed on a floorboard，which 2 up and almost hit me in the head.
When I looked inside the open space 3 ，there was something like a book.I 4 it out.It was old and small：Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations.I wondered whom these quotations were supposed to be 5 to，because I’d never heard of this book.And 6 I was bored，I decided to see what was inside the book.I started to 7 the pages，reading about different 8 .I learned about comfort，hope，love and even loneliness.
I began spending all my free time reading the book.It felt like a new world 9 before me.I learned about different quotes and phrases，and I got to 10 how language could be used to 11 complex emotions.I also realized how those emotions I’d felt while reading the book became 12 in the characters I encountered in novels.
When I went to college，the book came with me.Over the years，I’ve kept my 13 copy，which I still often refer to.I’ve bought a few of the newer 14 ，but the first one is the one that 15 me，helping me escape from the boredom，and see more than my young mind and heart could understand.
1．A.relieve B．knock
C．experience D．defend
2．A.picked B．turned
C．popped D．came
3．A.curiously B．patiently
C．aimlessly D．secretly
4．A.let B．pulled
C．reached D．kicked
5．A.challenging B．familiar
C．important D．acceptable
6．A.although B．after
C．supposing D．since
7．A.leaf through B．check over
C．look for D．tear off
8．A.cultures B．emotions
C．changes D．lessons
9．A.charging B．marching
C．unfolding D．passing
10．A.mess B．grasp
C．expect D．question
11．A.identify B．hide
C．control D．express
12．A.alive B．misty
C．mixed D．weak
13．A.②handheld B．special
C．original D．complete
14．A.works B．styles
C．products D．editions
15．A.shocked B．sheltered
C．liberated D．defined
语境猜词 ①land(转)n.→v. ②handheld(合)＝hand＋held
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·河南部分重点期末)
Chinese calligraphy is 1. artistic practice of writing Chinese characters，often with a brush and ink on xuan paper.The development of Chinese calligraphy began alongside the earliest Chinese characters 2. (discover) to date—about from the Shang Dynasty in Anyang，Henan Province.Over time，calligraphy gradually took shape 3. a form of art rather than a mere means of record.The five major styles of handwriting，running，regular，official，seal and cursive(草书)，were born from such calligraphy.
Calligraphy is a ①demanding and advanced art.The output can 4. (affect) by the brush，ink and paper.Structure of individual characters and spatial layout(空间布局) as a whole determine 5. (it) quality.Moreover，it is said that the emotions and philosophy of the writer are directly reflected on calligraphy.Calligraphy is refined(文雅的) art.Lan Ting Xu(The Orchid Pavilion Preface)，created by Wang Xizhi during the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317－420)，is one of the most celebrated 6. (work) of Chinese calligraphy.7._______________(possess) both historical and cultural significance in Chinese literature，it is a kind of elegant and 8. (express) ②brushwork.Calligraphy is also within reach.9. there is Chinese language，there is Chinese calligraphy.The artistry is still 10. (high) valued today，for it is more than just writing，it is a living heritage.
语境猜词 ①demanding(派)＝demand＋ing ②brushwork(合)＝brush＋work
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①adj.双向的 ②adj.(各部分)相互依存的
B．①adj.防水的 ②在所有方面
Ⅱ.①adj.教育的；有教育意义的 ②adj.不可替代的
Ⅲ.①落下，跌落 ②adj.手持的
Ⅳ.①adj.费时费力的；要求高的 ②n.绘画；笔法
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述Athena Aktipis通过研究发现，利他主义比进化社会科学长期以来认为的更为普遍和有益，可以通过合作建立一个对抗集体困难的制度。
1．A [观点态度题。根据第一段第一句“美国人类学家Colin Turnbull在1972年出版了《山民》，他把他的研究对象——一个叫作Ik的乌干达群体——称为‘无爱的人’”可知，Turnbull认为Ik人很无情，故选A。]
2．D [词义猜测题。根据第一段末句“但她的团队透露，尽管生活在压力之下，但Ik人非常重视在可能的情况下帮助他人”及画线词下文“人们被认为只会做有利于自己或亲人的事情”可知，人们实际上比以往的学术观点更倾向于帮助他人，故推测画线词应表示关心和帮助他人，与D项意义相近，故选D。]
3．C [推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句中“……我们其实有能力进行广泛合作”和第三段提到肯尼亚的马赛人依靠双向友谊互相帮助而不期望任何回报以及新墨西哥州的人们会为遇到困难的人无偿提供帮助可知，本段旨在通过两个例子表明合作是一种良好而自然的本能，故选C。]
4．C [推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Aktipis认为，她通过研究这些群体而完善的理论框架可以广泛应用于任何相互依存的系统”以及最后一句“但在一个建立在友邻基础上的体系中，在自然灾害等集体困难时期，合并成本将减轻负担”可知，Aktipis打算通过建立一个对抗集体困难的制度来应用她的发现，故选C。]
语篇解读 本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们现在可以通过给黄河建立数字孪生体来更好地处理防洪问题。
5．C [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“And flood control and prevention have always been key to the well-being of the people living along it.Now，scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin.”可知，创建黄河数字孪生体的主要目的是提高防洪工作的有效性。故选C。]
6．D [段落大意题。根据第三段尤其最后两句“They are buried in important dike locations to record and report the movement of dike stones.‘Upon feeling movement of the dike stones，the smart stone sends an alarm to the command center for quick response，’ Wang said.”可知，本段主要讲的是智能石的工作原理。故选D。]
7．C [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“On the routes designed by engineers，the drones become expert patrollers(巡逻员) of the river，looking at its dikes and flood prevention projects...thanks to the drones，researchers at the command center can get first-hand photos and information.”可知，无人机在黄河数字治理中的作用之一是收集堤防状况信息。故选C。]
8．A [标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“And flood control and prevention have always been key to the well-being of the people living along it.Now，scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin.”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述的是通过给黄河建立数字孪生体来更好地处理防洪问题。故选A。]
Ⅱ.1.F 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.G
Ⅲ.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是作者无意中发现的一本书，它给作者打开了一个新的世界，也影响了作者的一生。
1．A [relieve缓解；knock敲打；experience体验；defend防御。根据上文中的“On a hot summer day when I was 13，I was bored in my attic(阁楼) bedroom.”可知，作者在一个炎热的夏天感到有些无聊，结合下文中的“I leaned(斜靠) sideways”可知，作者侧身斜靠着，应该是在思考如何“缓解”这种无聊。故选A。]
2．C [pick捡拾；turn转向；pop突然出现，冷不防冒出；come来。根据上文中的“my hand landed on a floorboard”可知，作者的手落到地板上，结合下文中的“and almost hit me in the head”可知，地板差点撞到作者的头，由此可知，此处应为地板“突然弹起”符合语境，pop up意为“突然弹起”。故选C。]
3．A [curiously好奇地；patiently耐心地；aimlessly漫无目的地；secretly秘密地。根据语境和上文中的“When I looked inside the open space”可知，作者应是“好奇地”向里面看。故选A。]
4．B [let让；pull拉；reach到达；kick踢。根据上文中的“there was something like a book”可知，作者看到里面有一本像书一样的东西，所以，此处指的是作者把书从地板下面“拉”出来。故选B。]
5．B [challenging具有挑战性的；familiar熟悉的；important重要的；acceptable可接受的。根据下文中的“because I’d never heard of this book”可知，作者自己从未听说过这本书，所以想知道谁“熟悉”这些语录。故选B。]
6．D [although尽管；after在……之后；supposing假如；since既然。根据下文中的“I was bored”和“I decided to see what was inside the book”为因果关系可知，此处应为“既然”。故选D。]
7．A [leaf through翻阅；check over仔细检查；look for寻找；tear off扯掉。根据下文中的“reading about different ____”以及“I learned about comfort，hope，love and even loneliness.”可知，此处指作者开始“翻阅”这本书。故选A。]
8．B [culture文化；emotion情感；change改变；lesson课，教训。根据下文中的“I learned about comfort，hope，love and even loneliness.”可知，作者在读书的时候，了解到了很多与情绪相关的知识。故选B。]
9．C [charge收费；march行进；unfold打开；pass通过。根据下文中的“I learned about different quotes and phrases，and I got to ________ how language could be used to ________ complex emotions.”可知，作者通过阅读这本书，学到了很多不同的引语和短语等，此处指的是这本书为作者“打开”了一个新的世界。故选C。]
10．B [mess弄乱；grasp精通，掌握；expect期望；question提问。根据上文中的“It felt like a new world ________ before me.I learned about different quotes and phrases”可知，这本书为作者打开了一个新世界，作者从中学到了很多不同的引语和短语，此处讲述的仍是作者在这本书中的收获，所以此处为“掌握”。故选B。]
11．D [identify识别；hide隐藏；control控制；express表达。根据上文中的“I learned about different quotes and phrases”以及下文中的“I also realized how those emotions I’d felt while reading the book became ________ in the characters I encountered in novels.”可知，此处讲述的是作者在这本书中学到的很多知识，结合下文中的“complex emotions”可知，此处讲述的是作者知道了语言是如何被用来“表达”复杂感情的。故选D。]
12．A [alive有活力的；misty模糊的；mixed混合的；weak虚弱的。结合下文中的“in the characters I encountered in novels”可知，此处提到了作者以前在小说中遇到的一些人物角色，此处指的是受阅读这本书里描述的不同情感内容的影响，作者能感受到那些情感是如何在他阅读过的小说里的人物身上变得“生动”的。故选A。]
13．C [handheld手持的；special特别的；original原作的；complete完全的。根据上文中的“When I went to college，the book came with me.”可知，作者始终保存着这本书，结合下文中的“which I still often refer to”可知，作者经常用这本书来作为参考，所以此处指的是作者保存的原版。故选C。]
14．D [work作品；style风格；product产品；edition版本。根据上文中的“I’ve bought a few of the newer”以及下文中的“but the first one is the one”可知，此处指的是作者拿新买的“版本”与原版作比较。故选D。]
15．C [shock使震惊；shelter保护，掩蔽；liberate解放；define阐明，明确。根据下文“helping me escape from the boredom，and see more than my young mind and heart could understand”可知，第一本书让作者摆脱了无聊，看到了年轻的头脑和心灵无法理解的东西，即“解放”了作者。故选C。]
Ⅳ.1.an 2.discovered 3.as 4.be affected 5.its 6.works
7．Possessing 8.expressive 9.Where 10.highly Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．facilitate vt.促进；使便利
2．fellow man 人类
3．enlighten vt.启迪；指导，教导
4．straightforward adj.简单的，易懂的；坦诚的，坦率的
5．doll n．玩偶
6．initially adv.起初
7．imitation n．模仿，仿效
8．violet n．紫罗兰
9．ray n．(太阳或月亮的)光线
10．abstract adj.抽象的 n．抽象派作品；摘要
11．concept n．概念；想法
12．breakthrough n．突破；重大进展
13．necklace n．项链
14．cognition n．认识，认知
15．core adj.核心的 n．果核；核心，最重要的部分
16．insight n．洞察力；顿悟
17．civil adj.文明的，有礼貌的；公民的
18．integrity n．正直，诚实；完整
19．Latin n．拉丁语
20．economics n．经济学
21．respectively adv.各自地
22．initiative n．主动性
23．autonomous adj.自主的；自治的
24．demonstrate vt.展示；说明；证明，证实
25．royal adj.皇家的；王室的
26．primitive adj.原始的
27．BCE 公元前
28．prison n．监狱
29．conventional adj.守旧的；传统的
30．kingdom n．王国
31．civilisation n．文明
32．apron n．围裙
33．entitle vt.名为……；使有权利
34．imply vt.意味着……
35．overall adj.全部的
36．preoccupied adj.全神贯注的
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．significance n．重要性，意义
2．promote vt.促进，增进；促销；晋升
3．cultivate vt.培养，养成(技能、态度或素质)
4．insist vi.坚称；坚持主张
5．severe adj.很严重的
6．stubborn adj.固执的，执拗的；倔强的
7．tendency n．倾向
8．superb adj.极好的，卓越的
9．eyesight n．视力
10．relate vi.理解；相联系；叙述
11．technique n．技巧，手法
12．stream n．水流；小河，小溪 vi.流动 vt.流播
13．liquid n．液体
14．precious adj.宝贵的
15．grasp vt.抓住；紧握；理解，领会
16．gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的
17．vocabulary n．词汇量
18．complex adj.复杂的；难以理解的；复合的 n．建筑群；综合体
19．gently adv.轻柔地；温和地；平缓地
20．apparent adj.显而易见的；明白的
21．forehead n．额，前额
22．vivid adj.生动的，逼真的
23．objective n．目的，目标 adj.客观的
24．gain vt.获得，赢得，取得；受益；增加；(钟、表等走得)快 n．增加；好处，益处；利润
25．well-rounded adj.多面的，全面的
26．moral adj.道德(上)的
27．regardless adv.不管；不顾
28．circumstance n．境况，状况；情况，情形
29．citizen n．公民；市民
30．brilliant adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的
31．obvious adj.显然的，明显的；易理解的
32．rank n．等级，地位；军衔 v．排列；把……分等级
33．worthy adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的
34．church n．教会；教堂
35．universe n．宇宙
36．abandon vt.放弃；抛弃；(使)沉湎于
37．owe vt.有……是由于；把……归功于；欠(债、人情等)；应感谢
38．shadow n．影子；背光处；(坏)影响；阴影
39．vital adj.极其重要的，必不可少的
40．mankind n．人类
41．routine n．惯例，常规；例行公事
42．motion n．运动
43．timetable n．时间表，日程表；时刻表
44．facility n．设施，设备
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．consistent adj.一贯的，一致的→consistently adv.始终如一地，一贯地→inconsistent adj.不一致的→consist vi.由……组成；在于
2．analyse vt.分析，剖析→analysis n．分析，剖析
3．philosopher n．哲学家→philosophy n．思想体系；哲学
4．unbearable adj.难以忍受的；承受不住的→bear vt.忍受；承受→bearable adj.可以忍受的
5．troublesome adj.引起麻烦的；令人烦恼的→trouble n．问题，麻烦
6．puzzle vt.使困惑，使迷惑 n．谜；难题→puzzling adj.令人困惑的；费解的→puzzled adj.困惑的；迷惑不解的
7．pursue vt.追赶，追捕；追求→pursuit n．追求，追逐
8．expose vt.使接触；使体验；使暴露；揭露→exposed adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的；风险高的→exposure n．接触；暴露
9．surrounding adj.四周的，附近的→surround vt.包围；围绕→surroundings n．环境
10．behave vi.表现→behavio(u)r n．表现；行为
11．priority n．优先处理的事；优先权→prior adj.优先的；较重要的；先前的；较早的
12．approve vt.赞成；赞许；批准→approving adj.赞成的；赞许的；同意的→approval n．赞成；赞许；批准→disapprove vt.不赞成，反对
13．respected adj.受尊敬的，受敬重的→respect vt.尊敬 n．尊敬；问候；方面→respectable adj.值得尊敬的；得体的→respectful adj.尊敬的；恭敬的
14．beneficial adj.有利的，有帮助的→benefit vt.对……有益 vi.受益于 n．利益
15．arrange vt.排列，布置→arrangement n．排列，布置
16．educator n．教育工作者→educate vt.教育；教导，指导→education n．教育→educational adj.教育(方面)的；有教育意义的→educationalist n．教育(学)家
17．evaluate vt.评估，评价→evaluation n．评估，评价
18．exceptionally adv.极其，非常；例外地；罕见地→exceptional adj.杰出的，非凡的；例外的→exception n．例外→except prep.除了……之外
19．restriction n．限制，规定，约束→restrict vt.约束，限制→restrictive adj.限制性的，约束的
20．expand vi.& vt.(使)扩大；增加；(使)膨胀→expansion n．扩大；扩充；扩张
21．contribute vi.& vt.奉献，捐献；促成，造成(某事发生)；投稿→contribution n．奉献，捐献→contributor n．捐款人，撰稿人；促成物
22．conclusion n．结论→conclude vt.推断出；得出结论 vi.结束，终结
23．definition n．定义，释义→define vt.下定义；界定
24．stimulate vt.刺激，促使，促进→stimulation n．刺激，激励，激发
25．assumption n．假定，假设→assume vt.假定，假设→assuming conj.假设；假定
26．acquisition n．获得，习得→acquire vt.获得，得到
27．excitement n．兴奋，激动→excite vt.使激动；使兴奋→excited adj.激动的→exciting adj.令人激动的
28．disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappoint vt.(使)失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望
29．judg(e)ment n．判断力；意见，评价；判决→judge v．判断 n．法官；评委；审判员→misjudge v．对(时间、距离等)判断错误
30．assess vt.评价→assessment n．评价；估价
31．sympathy n．同情，同情心；赞同→sympathetic adj.同情的，有同情心的；赞同的→sympathetically adv.富有同情心地
32．painful adj.令人痛苦的；困难的；疼痛的→painfully adv.令人痛苦地；艰难地→pain n．痛；痛苦
33．enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的→enthusiastically adv.热情地，热心地→enthusiasm n．热情
34．uncritically adv.无鉴别力地；不加批评地→critical adj.批评的，批判的；关键的→critic n．评论家，批评家→criticize v．批评→criticism n．批评；指责
35．finance n．金融；财政 v．提供资金→financial adj.金融的；财政的→financially adv.财政上；金融上
36．responsibility n．责任→responsible adj.有责任的→irresponsible adj.不负责任的→responsibly adv.负责任地
37．wisdom n．智慧→wise adj.明智的→unwise adj.不明智的→wisely adv.明智地
38．urge vt.强烈要求；敦促 n．强烈的欲望；冲动→urgent adj.紧急的→urgency n．急迫；急事
39．inefficient adj.效率低的，能力差的→efficient adj.效率高的；有能力的→efficiency n．效率
积累——构词法 学一法 会一类
1．前缀com-意为“共同、拉在一起、一起”“完全、彻底(加强语气)”。
(1)com-用在以字母b，m，p开头的单词之前，如complex＝com(一起)＋plex(重叠)→重叠在一起→复杂的，compute＝com(一起)＋pute(计算)→计算，compromise＝com(拉在一起)＋promise(承诺)→双方坐在一起互相协商，各自做出承诺→妥协，折中。
(2)com-在a，e，i，o，u，h，g，n前面变成co，如coincidence＝co(共同)＋incidence(发生，发生率)→同时发生→巧合，碰巧。
(3)com-在l，r前变成col，cor，如colleague＝col(在一起)＋league(联盟)→在一个联盟或团体里一起工作的人→同事，correct＝cor(完全地，加强语气)＋ rect(正，直)→使变直、变正→正确的；改正。
(4)con-放在其余的辅音字母开头的单词之前，如confirm＝con(完全)＋firm(坚固)→使坚固→证实，确定，contemporary＝com(共同)＋tempor (时间，时代)＋ary(形容词后缀)→同时代的。
2．后缀-cy是表示抽象名词的后缀，也作-acy，意为“性质，状态，情况”。如urgency，efficiency。
(1)Compeer mental tutorship is a kind of school mental health education model.____________________(猜加黑词义)
(2)He never understood how to organize or compress large masses of material.____________________
(3)The report’s co-author Tom MacMillan said，“Public awareness of water shortage remains low.____________________
(4)There is a direct correlation between exposure to sun and skin cancer.____________________
(5)She agreed to collaborate with him in studying the most important element.____________________
(6)On a blackboard，our maths teacher drew five concentric circles.____________________
(7)The ____________(adequate) of the security arrangements has been questioned.
(8)To work as a translator，you need ____________(fluent) in at least one foreign language.
(9)A truly elegant taste is generally accompanied with ____________(excellent) of heart.
1．stain/steIn/vi.& vt.(被)染污，(被)弄污
2．pyramid/'pIr mId/n.金字塔
3．bargain/'bɑ ɡ n/n.便宜货，减价品
4．file/faIl/vi.& vt.提出(申请)
5．incur/In'k /vt.引致，带来
6．depreciate/dI'pri ieIt/vi.贬值，跌价
7．itemize/'aIt maIz/vt.分条列举；详细列举
8．merchandise/'m t ndaIz/n.商品；货品
9．twist/twIst/n.意外转折
10．motto/'m t /n.箴言，格言，座右铭
11．launder/'l nd /vt.洗熨(衣服、床单等)
12．accessory/ k'ses ri/n.附件，配件，附属品
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．regardless of不管；不顾
2．in conclusion最后
3．have a tendency to do sth有做某事的倾向
4．relate to理解；有关
5．hold up举起
6．open up开放，开启
7．be eager to do sth渴望做某事
8．be enthusiastic about对……有热情
9．put one’s arm round/around sb搂住某人
10．keep on doing sth继续做某事
11．work on从事
12．in a flash突然，一瞬间
13．to start with首先，作为开始
14．be used to doing习惯于
15．go against反对；对……不利
16．come to one’s defence 为某人辩护
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．Helen’s parents got a superb teacher recommended to them，a woman named Anne Sullivan.(get sb/sth done)
海伦的父母经人推荐，聘请了一位名叫安妮·莎莉文的优秀老师。
2．Now that Helen grasped the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.(now that引导原因状语从句)
由于海伦理解了语言的关键，她非常渴望学习更多语言，并且尽可能学以致用。
3．I thought it strange that my teacher could not show me love.(it 作形式宾语)
我觉得很奇怪，因为我的老师不能给我表示什么是爱。
4．It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn’t touch.[It was the＋序数词＋time (that)＋主语＋had done...]
那是海伦第一次明白那个她触摸不到的复杂词语的意思。
5．Without love you would not be happy or want to play.(without 引导的含蓄虚拟语气)
没有爱，你就不会快乐，也不会想玩耍。
6．...people like Galileo Galilei (1564－1642)，who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”，were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.(with的复合结构)
……像伽利略 伽利莱(1564—1642)那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。
体验——析真题长句 知高考难度
(2024·全国甲)If it’s short stories，Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing.
[句式分析] 此句是________________句。if引导________________从句；主句中you can try是省略了关系代词that/which的____________从句，修饰先行词techniques；which引导____________从句，作see的宾语。
[尝试翻译]
Education is exceptionally 1.____________(significance) in facilitating individual overall development and promoting social progress.It helps cultivate creative minds and develop sympathy for fellow men.Educators with wisdom 2.______________(expect) to teach moral lessons，enlighten minds and clarify what puzzles students.
Some people insist that teaching means 3._______________________________(expand) students’ vocabularies，and educating students to understand abstract concepts to cope with all kinds of assessments.It is obvious that this cognition is wrong.Teaching is much 4.______________(complex) than this.Teaching can be painful.It is apparent that some students are inefficient and are not brilliant and can study in an autonomous way,5.____________ implies that teachers have to try all methods to make slow students gain knowledge.Some students，who think all restrictions unbearable，are troublesome and stubborn.They never have schools’ timetables in mind and have their own daily routine.6.____________，enthusiastic teachers are expected not to abandon a single student regardless of how he/she behaves.Their priority is to uncritically urge students to study hard，stimulate the initiative in students and teach them integrity so that they can make 7.________________(contribute) to society in the future.In addition，students are now exposed to complex circumstances，so it is vital for them to think critically.That is，it is teachers’ responsibility 8.________________(cultivate) students’ insight and judgement.However，the fruit of education is sweet.Almost all civilisations rank teachers as worthy and respected citizens.Many successful people owe their success partly 9.____________ their teachers.In conclusion，education is 10.____________(benefit) to mankind.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
consistent adj.一贯的，一致的 (consistently adv.始终如一地，一贯地 inconsistent adj.不一致的 consist vi.由……组成；在于)
be consistent with...与……一致 consist of(＝be made up of＝be composed of)由……组成 consist in在于……；存在于…… consist with和……一致
(1)It is apparent that the value of our life consists ________________________________ pursuing our objective and making one breakthrough after another.
(2)He is a reliable educator and philosopher whose actions are always consistent ____________ his words.
(3)(读后续写之升华句)众所周知，生活中不仅有阳光，还有风雨。
It is universally acknowledged that life ________________________________________.
(4)(应用文写作之建议信)如果你想让别人相信你，你的言行应该一致。
If you want others to believe in you，_____________________________________________.
用法点拨 consist of没有被动语态和进行时态。
sympathy n．同情，同情心；赞同 (sympathetic adj.同情的，有同情心的；赞同的 sympathetically adv.富有同情心地)
·express/show/have/feel sympathy for sb向某人表达同情 out of sympathy出于同情 in/with sympathy＝sympathetically同情地 in sympathy with...赞同/支持…… ·be sympathetic towards/to对……同情；赞同，支持……
(1)To tell you the truth，I am not in sympathy __________ your solution for it is too complex.
(2)(读后续写之善举)Mrs Meredith同情那些急需帮助的穷人。出于同情，她一有时间就给他们送去食物和药品。
Mrs Meredith ________________________________________________________________ who urgently needed assistance，and __________________________________________________，she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time.
(3)(读后续写之动作情感描写)她走近那个可怜的男孩，同情地把他抱在怀里。
Approaching the poor boy，she ______________________________________________________.
insist vi.坚称；坚持主张
insist on/upon (sb/sb’s) doing sth坚持(某人)做某事 insist that...
(1)The old lady insisted that the homeless boy ________________________(steal) her wallet and insisted that he ________________________(put) into prison.
(2)我坚持认为为了保护海洋我们每天应从小事做起，并且我坚决要求每个人都参与进来。(2022·全国甲，书面表达)
I insist that we ________________________________________________ every day to protect the ocean and that everyone ________________________________________________.
(3)老师直视着我的眼睛，补充说：“只有坚持写作，你才能在写作上取得很大进步。” (2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
Looking me straight in the eye，my teacher added，“Only if ____________________________.”(运用倒装句)
puzzle vt.使困惑，使迷惑 n．谜；难题 (puzzling adj.令人困惑的；费解的 puzzled adj.困惑的；迷惑不解的)
puzzle over/about苦思冥想；仔细琢磨 be puzzled about对……迷惑不解
(1)After hearing the ____________ conclusion，he had a _____________ look on his face and I was ____________ as well.(puzzle)
(2)(话题写作之传统文化)外国人对怎样正确地使用筷子感到困惑。
①Foreigners ____________________________________ how to use the chopsticks correctly.(puzzled adj.)
②________________________________________________________________________(puzzle vt.；主语从句)
用法点拨 puzzled，confused，frightened等分词转化来的形容词既用来修饰人，也用来修饰与人有关的名词，如：look，voice，smile，expression等。
disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的 [disappoint vt.(使)失望 disappointing adj.令人失望的 disappointment n．失望]
be disappointed at/with/by...对……失望 be disappointed to do sth对做某事失望 be disappointed that...因……失望 to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是
(1)To my ____________，my daughter behaved badly and facing her rude，awkward and ____________ behavior，I was extremely overcome with anger and sadness.(disappoint)
(2)我很失望地发现，我被分配到一个竞争激烈、严肃的家伙身边工作，我几乎要哭了。虽然我对这个结果感到失望，但我必须鼓起勇气，坚持到底。(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)
I __________________________________________________ I was assigned to work with the fiercely competitive and serious guy and I was on the edge of crying.While I _______________，I had to pluck up my courage and tough it out.
worthy adj.值得尊敬的；有价值的
be worthy of值得…… be worthy to be done＝be worthy of being done值得做(某事) be well worth doing非常值得做 It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.做某事是值得的。
我保证我们学校图书馆里的自习室值得体验，因此请接受我真诚的邀请。(2022·浙江6月，应用文写作)
(1)I guarantee that the self-study room in our school library ____________________________________________________________________________________，so please accept my sincere invitation.(worthy)
(2)I guarantee that ____________________________________________________________ the self-study room in our school library，so please accept my sincere invitation.(worthwhile)
(3)I guarantee that the self-study room in our school library ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________，so please accept my sincere invitation.(worth)
urge vt.强烈要求；敦促 n．强烈的欲望；冲动 (urgent adj.紧急的 urgency n．急迫；急事)
urge sb to do sth催促某人做某事 urge that...(should) do sth极力主张/强调……做某事 It is urged that...(should) do sth极力主张/强调……做某事。 have/feel an urge to do sth有强烈的欲望做某事
(1)In case of ____________，call the police and they can help you handle ____________ matters.(urge)
(2)为了更好地保护海洋，我们必须敦促更多的人反思他们不恰当的行为并且做出改变。(2022·全国甲，书面表达)
To protect oceans better，we _____________________________________________________ and make changes.
(3)呼吁任何渴望为环境保护做出贡献的人都应该参加这场运动。
________________________________________________________________________
owe vt.有……是由于；把……归功于；欠(债、人情等)；应感谢
owe sb sth/owe sth to sb欠某人某物 owe sth to sb/sth把某事归功于某人或某物 owing to因为，由于
(1)The brilliant inventor owed his new superb invention _____________ the wisdom of all his workmates.
(2)由于我出色的方向感，我们顺利地走出了黑暗的森林，我们沉浸在极度的喜悦中。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________，we walked out of the dark forest smoothly and we were bathed in extreme joy.
(3)(应用文写作之道歉信)周五下午未能和你一起去书店，我应该向你道歉。
I ________________________________________________________________________ on Friday afternoon.
regardless of不管；不顾
regardless of the fact that...不顾……的事实 in spite of＝despite尽管(后常接名词，不接从句) with regard to关于；至于
(1)(应用文写作之活动安排)关于参赛资格，欢迎任何人参加活动，无论他们的英语熟练度如何。
______________________________________________ the qualification of the competition，anybody is welcome to participate ___________________________________________________.
(2)尽管生活中有苦难，她还是没有放弃她的梦想，最终成功了。
________________________________________________________________________________________________，she didn’t give up her dream and finally made it to the top.
get＋宾语＋宾补 Helen’s parents got a superb teacher recommended to them，a woman named Anne Sullivan.
海伦的父母经人推荐，聘请了一位名叫安妮·莎莉文的优秀老师。
该句中got 作谓语，a superb teacher 作宾语，recommended to them作宾补。其中，宾语和宾补之间为动宾关系，表示被动。构成“vt.＋宾语＋过去分词”结构。 可以用于该结构的动词常常是感官动词，如see，notice，watch，hear，feel等，以及使役动词，如have，get，keep，leave，make 等。此外want，like 等表示想或好恶的词也有此用法。
(1)It is said that the headmaster intends to get the schoolyard ____________(expand) next year.
(2)Learning that my son left his homework ____________(finish)，I boiled with anger and couldn’t control my anger.
(3)让她兴奋的是，她看到周围的环境改善了很多。
To her excitement，she ________________________________________________.
(4)非常抱歉让您久等了，真诚地希望您能接受我的道歉。(应用文写作之道歉信)
I am terribly sorry to ___________________________________________________________ and I sincerely hope that you can accept my apology.
It was the＋序数词＋time (that) sb had done... It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn’t touch.那是海伦第一次明白那个她触摸不到的复杂词语的意思。
“It/This/That＋was＋the first/second/...time (that) sb＋过去完成时”表示“某人第一/第二/……次……” “It/This/That＋is＋the first/second/...time (that) sb＋现在完成时”表示“某人第一/第二/……次……” It is/was (about/high) time that...should do sth/did sth意为“到了……做某事的时间了”，should不能省略。相当于It is/was time for sb to do sth。 There was a time when...曾经有一段时间……
(1)这是我们第一次准备英语文学讲座，为此我们迫切需要您的帮助。(2024·上海1月，书面表达)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
for an English literature lecture，for which we are in desperate need of your help.
(2)那是我第一次把晚餐分发给那些需要帮助的人，所以我有点担心和紧张，汗水从额头上流下来。(2022·浙江6月，读后续写)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________，
so I was a bit worried and nervous，with sweat running off my forehead.
(3)到了政府应该采取有效措施保护野生动物免遭灭绝的时候了。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ to protect wildlife from extinction.
(4)我仍然记得曾经有一段时间，我对与大自然有关的一切都很着迷。
I still remember __________________________________________________________.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
1．He said to me，“The book is written in the straightforward① language because the author has a straightforward② character.”
①________________ ②________________
2．My father placed those apple cores① on the desk and then persuaded me to take the core② course，whose core③ is how to do business with American businessmen.
①________________ ②________________
③________________
3．I was streaming① a short video online，in which a badly injured soldier became unconscious beside a stream②.I was so anxious that tears streamed③ down my cheeks.
①________________ ②________________
③________________
4．On stepping into the complex① teaching complex②，I felt so confused that I couldn’t figure out where my classroom was.
①________________ ②________________
5．In the past two years I have gained① weight，so I plan to take regular exercise to prevent further weight gain②.I am greatly convinced that I will gain③ benefits from workout.Every time I work out，I always use the watch which gains④ several minutes a day.
①________________ ②________________
③________________ ④________________
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．When criticised that what he said was not consistent_____________________ what he did，he smiled in embarrassment.
2．Our English teacher insisted that we ____________(imitate) the pronunciation of broadcasters of BBC.
3．There is a growing __________(tend) for people to suffer from severe tension and a bad mood nowadays.
4．To his ____________(disappoint)，what he earned couldn’t cover the monthly expense of the family.
5．The new creation of the comedian is really worthy of ________________(watch)．
6．For thousands of years，people have told fables to teach a lesson or to pass on ____________(wise)．(2023·全国甲)
7．Who do you suppose should take ____________(responsible) for the car accident
8．Under __________________(bear) circumstances，she and her husband spared no effort to analyze and evaluate pitchblende with the objective of extracting radioactive substances and studying their properties.
9．You’d better go to the surgery to get your bleeding hand ____________(treat)．
10．This is the first time that she ________________(take) a ballet course，so she is quite clumsy.
假定你是红星中学学生会主席李华，学生会准备开展一次“人工智能与未来教育”的专家讲座活动。请你写一则英语通知发布到学校英文网站，号召同学们积极参加，内容包括： 1.活动的时间和地点； 2.专家简介和讲座内容； 3.报名方式。
完成句子
1．随着人工智能技术越来越受到学生的关注，6月20日下午2至3点，我校礼堂将举办一场主题为“人工智能与未来教育”的讲座。(with复合结构)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．众所周知，这是我们第一次举办这样的活动，对老师和学生来说都会非常有吸引力。(It is the first time that...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．该讲座由人工智能技术领域的领军人物吴教授来做。(get＋宾语＋过去分词)
________________________________________________________________________
4．除了向你介绍这项技术的概况外，他还将明确人工智能技术如何应用于并影响未来的教育。(it作形式宾语)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．既然你对这个讲座很感兴趣，我坚持认为你不应该错过它，你应该在6月16日之前到学生会注册。(now that引导的原因状语从句；insist)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
教材语料整合
亮词 [情感描写] sympathy；unbearable；troublesome；superb；straightforward；excitement；painful；enthusiastic；complex；gently；disappointed；puzzle；critical；integrity；conventional；preoccupied
[人物描写] promote；facilitate；insist；evaluate；stubborn；enlighten；grasp；expand；gain；pursue；educate；contribute；expose；stimulate；assess；approve；urge；abandon；owe；restrict
美句 1.She was sometimes troublesome，stubborn and angry，and had a tendency to break things when no one understood her.(人物描写) 2．However，because Helen was so enthusiastic about learning，the results were amazing.(情感描写) 3．When her teacher said that it wasn’t，she was confused and disappointed.(情感描写) 4．You cannot touch love either；but you feel the sweetness that it pours into everything.Without love you would not be happy or want to play.(主旨升华) 5．He is now known as the father of astronomy.(比喻) 6．In the picture，a man is wearing a hat and an apron，and is carrying an umbrella because it is raining heavily.(人物描写) 7．It is important not to become too preoccupied with routines and schedules，because they can make us blind to what is in front of us.(主旨升华)
拓展语料积累 动作细节描写：“嘴”动“唇”动
词 块 open-mouthed目瞪口呆的 mouth drops/hangs wide open 张大嘴巴 widen one’s mouth 咧开嘴 feel one’s throat tight and one’s mouth dry感到喉咙发紧，嘴发干 cup/cover one’s mouth 捂住某人的嘴 down in the mouth垂头丧气，嘴角下垂 one’s heart in one’s mouth 提心吊胆 lick one’s lips 舔嘴唇 purse one’s lips噘嘴 bite one’s lip 忍住话，抑制情感流露
句 型 She froze，her mouth hanging open.(独立主格)她呆住了，嘴张开着。 Her mouth grew stiff with pain and distress.疼痛和悲伤让她嘴巴发僵。 He straightened up and looked at me，open-mouthed/his mouth dropping open in surprise. 他直起身，目瞪口呆地看着我。 With a smile playing around his mouth，he recalled the happy past days.(with复合结构) 嘴角挂着微笑，他回忆起过去的快乐时光。 A gentle smile danced around the corners of her mouth，making us feel at ease/putting us at ease.(拟人) 她的嘴角露出一抹温柔的笑意，使我们放松下来。 My mouth started watering when I smelled the food.闻到食物的香味，我的嘴开始流口水了。 She bit her lower lip to keep it from trembling as tears ran/streamed/rolled down her cheeks. 她咬着下唇不让它颤抖，泪水顺着她的脸颊流下来。
语料运用 主题：“第一课”
The first time I delivered a lecture as a university lecturer，I felt extremely painful and anxious，①__________________________(独立主格结构)．②__________________________，
but I was not a student but a teacher now.Thinking of it，I tried to ③__________________.Then，I quickly ④______________________________，hoping the audience off the stage didn’t notice my uneasiness.Some students straightened up and looked at me ⑤_______________________，which again made me almost abandon the lecture.⑥______________________________(形容词短语作状语)，I managed to take a few deep breaths and calm down by recalling some happy scenes.Finally，⑦_____________________________(拟人) and I finally could take control of my emotion as well as my first class.
作为一名大学讲师，第一次上课时，我感到极度痛苦和焦虑，喉咙紧绷，口干。我有逃跑的冲动，但我现在不是学生，而是老师。想到这里，我努力咬着上唇，以免它颤抖。然后，我迅速清了清嗓子，舔了舔嘴唇，希望台下的观众不要注意到我的不安。有些学生直起身子惊讶地张大嘴巴看着我，这再次让我几乎想放弃这次演讲。我对自己感到失望，于是做了几次深呼吸，试图回忆起一些快乐的场景，让自己平静下来。最后，一抹浅浅的微笑开始在我的嘴角飞舞，我终于可以控制自己的情绪，掌控我的第一次课堂。
答案精析
排查·基础知识
积累
(1)同辈；同伴；地位相等的人 (2)压缩，精简，浓缩 (3)共同作者，合著者 (4)相互关系，关联 (5)合作，协作 (6)同轴的；同中心的 (7)adequacy (8)fluency (9)excellency
体验
主从复合 条件状语 定语 宾语 如果你在写短篇小说，彼得·蒙特福德给出了六种技巧，你可以试着看看哪一种能帮助你成功创作出故事的结尾。
词汇串记
1．significant 2.are expected 3.expanding 4.more complex
5．which 6.However 7.contributions 8.to cultivate 9.to
10．beneficial
突破·核心考点
1．(1)in (2)with (3)consists of/is made up of/is composed of not only sunshine but also storms (4)your conduct should consist with/be consistent with what you say
2．(1)with (2)was sympathetic towards/to the poor/had sympathy for the poor；out of sympathy (3)gathered him into her arms in/with sympathy/sympathetically
3．(1)had stolen；(should) be put (2)do simple things；(should) take part in it (3)you insist on/upon writing can you make great progress in writing
4．(1)puzzling；puzzled；puzzled (2)①are puzzled about
②What puzzles foreigners is how to use the chopsticks correctly.
5．(1)disappointment；disappointing (2)was disappointed to find that；was disappointed at/by/with the result
6．(1)is worthy of being experienced/to be experienced (2)it is worthwhile to experience/experiencing (3)is worth experiencing
7．(1)urgency；urgent (2)must urge more people to reflect on their own improper behavior/must urge that more people (should) reflect on their own improper behavior (3)It is urged that anyone who has an urge to make contributions to environmental protection (should)participate in the campaign.
8．(1)to (2)Owing to my excellent sense of direction
(3)owe you an apology for not going to the bookstore with you
9．(1)With regard to；regardless of their English proficiency (2)Despite/In spite of the sufferings and hardships in life
10．(1)expanded (2)unfinished (3)saw the surroundings improved a lot (4)have you waiting for so long
11．(1)This is the first time that we have prepared (2)That was the first time that I had given out dinners to those in need (3)It is high time that the government should take/took effective measures (4)there was a time when I was crazy about everything with nature
基础达标
Ⅰ.1.①adj.简单的，易懂的 ②adj.坦诚的，坦率的
2．①n.果核 ②adj.核心的 ③n.核心，最重要的部分
3．①vt.流播 ②n.小河，小溪 ③vi.流动
4．①adj.复杂的 ②n.建筑群
5．①vt.增加 ②n.增加 ③vt.获得，赢得 ④v.(钟、表等走得)快
Ⅱ.1.with 2.(should) imitate 3.tendency 4.disappointment
5．being watched 6.wisdom 7.responsibility 8.unbearable
9．treated 10.has taken
提升·写作能力 应用文增分练
参考范文
Notice
Lecture：AI and Tomorrow’s Education
With the AI technology attracting more and more students’ attention，a lecture with the theme of “AI and Tomorrow’s Education” is scheduled to be held in our school auditorium from 2 p．m.to 3 p．m.on June 20th.
As we all know，it is the first time that we have held such an activity，so it will be exceptionally appealing to both teachers and students.Professor Wu，a leading researcher in AI technology，will get the lecture delivered.Besides offering you a general picture of this technology，he will also make it clear how AI technology can be applied to and affect tomorrow’s education.
Now that you are enthusiastic about this lecture，I insist that you shouldn’t miss it and you should register with the Students’ Council before June 16th.
Li Hua
Chairman of the Students’ Council
续写积累提能练
①my throat tight and my mouth dry ②I had an urge to escape ③bite my upper lip to keep it from trembling
④cleared my throat and licked my lips ⑤open-mouthed/their mouth dropping open in surprise ⑥Disappointed with myself
⑦a weak smile began to dance around the corners of my mouth(共135张PPT)
EDUCATION
选择性必修第二册 UNIT 5
内容索引
排查基础知识
突破核心考点
提升写作能力
排查基础知识
Part One
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
vt.促进；使便利
人类
vt.启迪；指导，教导
adj.简单的，易懂的；坦诚的，坦率的
n.玩偶
adv.起初
1
facilitate
2
fellow man
3
enlighten
4
straightforward
知识速记
5
doll
6
initially
音频见PPT“图书打包下载”
n.模仿，仿效
n.紫罗兰
n.(太阳或月亮的)光线
adj.抽象的
n.抽象派作品；摘要
n.概念；想法
n.突破；重大进展
7
imitation
8
violet
9
ray
10
11
abstract
12
concept
breakthrough
n.项链
n.认识，认知
adj.核心的
n.果核；核心，最重要的部分
n.洞察力；顿悟
adj.文明的，有礼貌的；公民的
n.正直，诚实；完整
13
necklace
14
cognition
15
core
16
insight
17
civil
18
integrity
n.拉丁语
n.经济学
adv.各自地
n.主动性
adj.自主的；自治的
vt.展示 ；说明 ；证明，证实
adj.皇家的；王室的
19
Latin
20
economics
21
respectively
22
initiative
23
autonomous
24
demonstrate
25
royal
adj.原始的
公元前
n.监狱
adj.守旧的；传统的
n.王国
n.文明
n.围裙
26
primitive
27
BCE
28
prison
29
conventional
30
kingdom
31
civilisation
32
apron
vt.名为……；使有权利
vt.意味着……
adj.全部的
adj.全神贯注的
33
entitle
34
imply
35
overall
36
preoccupied
n.重要性，意义
vt.促进，增进；促销 ；晋升
vt.培养，养成(技能、态度或素质)
vi.坚称；坚持主张
adj.很严重的
adj.固执的，执拗的；倔强的
n.倾向
1
significance
2
promote
3
cultivate
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
4
insist
5
severe
6
stubborn
7
tendency
adj.极好的，卓越的
n.视力
vi.理解 ；相联系；叙述
n.技巧，手法
n.水流；小河，小溪
vi.流动
vt.流播
9
eyesight
10
relate
11
technique
12
stream
8
superb
n.液体
adj.宝贵的
vt.抓住；紧握；理解，领会
adj.逐渐的，逐步的
n.词汇量
adj.复杂的；难以理解的；复合的
n.建筑群；综合体
16
gradual
17
vocabulary
18
complex
13
liquid
14
precious
15
grasp
adv.轻柔地；温和地；平缓地
adj.显而易见的；明白的
n.额，前额
adj.生动的，逼真的
n.目的，目标
adj.客观的
20
apparent
21
forehead
22
vivid
23
objective
19
gently
vt.获得，赢得，取得；受益 ；增加 ；(钟、表等走得)快
n.增加；好处，益处；利润
adj.多面的，全面的
adj.道德(上)的
adv.不管；不顾
n.境况，状况；情况，情形
n.公民；市民
24
gain
25
well-rounded
26
moral
27
regardless
28
circumstance
29
citizen
adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的
adj.显然的，明显的；易理解的
n.等级，地位；军衔
v.排列；把……分等级
adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的
n.教会；教堂
31
obvious
32
rank
33
worthy
34
church
30
brilliant
n.宇宙
vt.放弃；抛弃；(使)沉湎于
vt.有……是由于；把……归功于；欠(债、人情等)；应感谢
n.影子；背光处；(坏)影响 ；阴影
adj.极其重要的，必不可少的
36
abandon
37
owe
38
shadow
39
vital
35
universe
n.人类
n.惯例，常规；例行公事
n.运动
n.时间表，日程表；时刻表
n.设施，设备
41
routine
42
motion
43
timetable
44
facility
40
mankind
1
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
2
consistent adj.一贯的，一致的
→consistently adv.始终如一地，一贯地
→inconsistent adj.不一致的
→consist vi.由……组成；在于
analyse vt.分析，剖析
→analysis n.分析，剖析
3
4
philosopher n.哲学家
→philosophy n.思想体系；哲学
unbearable adj.难以忍受的；承受不住的
→bear vt.忍受；承受
→bearable adj.可以忍受的
5
6
troublesome adj.引起麻烦的；令人烦恼的
→trouble n.问题，麻烦
puzzle vt.使困惑，使迷惑 n.谜；难题
→puzzling adj.令人困惑的；费解的
→puzzled adj.困惑的；迷惑不解的
8
7
pursue vt.追赶，追捕；追求
→pursuit n.追求，追逐
expose vt.使接触；使体验 ；使暴露；揭露
→exposed adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的；风险高的
→exposure n.接触；暴露
10
9
surrounding adj.四周的，附近的
→surround vt.包围；围绕
→surroundings n.环境
behave vi.表现
→behavio(u)r n.表现；行为
12
11
priority n.优先处理的事；优先权
→prior adj.优先的；较重要的；先前的；较早的
approve vt.赞成；赞许；批准
→approving adj.赞成的；赞许的；同意的
→approval n.赞成；赞许；批准
→disapprove vt.不赞成，反对
13
respected adj.受尊敬的，受敬重的
→respect vt.尊敬 n.尊敬；问候 ；方面
→respectable adj.值得尊敬的；得体的
→respectful adj.尊敬的；恭敬的
15
14
beneficial adj.有利的，有帮助的
→benefit vt.对……有益 vi.受益于 n.利益
arrange vt.排列，布置
→arrangement n.排列，布置
16
educator n.教育工作者
→educate vt.教育；教导，指导
→education n.教育
→educational adj.教育(方面)的；有教育意义的
→educationalist n.教育(学)家
17
evaluate vt.评估，评价
→evaluation n.评估，评价
18
exceptionally adv.极其，非常；例外地；罕见地
→exceptional adj.杰出的，非凡的；例外的
→exception n.例外
→except prep.除了……之外
19
restriction n.限制，规定，约束
→restrict vt.约束，限制
→restrictive adj.限制性的，约束的
20
expand vi.& vt.(使)扩大；增加；(使)膨胀
→expansion n.扩大；扩充；扩张
21
contribute vi.& vt.奉献，捐献；促成，造成(某事发生)；投稿
→contribution n.奉献，捐献
→contributor n.捐款人，撰稿人；促成物
22
conclusion n.结论
→conclude vt.推断出；得出结论 vi.结束，终结
23
definition n.定义，释义
→define vt.下定义；界定
24
stimulate vt.刺激，促使，促进
→stimulation n.刺激，激励，激发
25
assumption n.假定，假设
→assume vt.假定，假设
→assuming conj.假设；假定
26
acquisition n.获得，习得
→acquire vt.获得，得到
27
excitement n.兴奋，激动
→excite vt.使激动；使兴奋
→excited adj.激动的
→exciting adj.令人激动的
28
disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的
→disappoint vt.(使)失望
→disappointing adj.令人失望的
→disappointment n.失望
29
judg(e)ment n.判断力；意见，评价；判决
→judge v.判断 n.法官；评委；审判员
→misjudge v.对(时间、距离等)判断错误
30
assess vt.评价
→assessment n.评价；估价
31
sympathy n.同情，同情心；赞同
→sympathetic adj.同情的，有同情心的；赞同的
→sympathetically adv.富有同情心地
32
painful adj.令人痛苦的；困难的；疼痛的
→painfully adv.令人痛苦地；艰难地
→pain n.痛；痛苦
33
enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的
→enthusiastically adv.热情地，热心地
→enthusiasm n.热情
34
uncritically adv.无鉴别力地；不加批评地
→critical adj.批评的，批判的；关键的
→critic n.评论家，批评家
→criticize v.批评
→criticism n.批评；指责
35
finance n.金融；财政 v.提供资金
→financial adj.金融的；财政的
→financially adv.财政上；金融上
36
responsibility n.责任
→responsible adj.有责任的
→irresponsible adj.不负责任的
→responsibly adv.负责任地
37
wisdom n.智慧
→wise adj.明智的
→unwise adj.不明智的
→wisely adv.明智地
38
urge vt.强烈要求；敦促 n.强烈的欲望；冲动
→urgent adj.紧急的
→urgency n.急迫；急事
39
inefficient adj.效率低的，能力差的
→efficient adj.效率高的；有能力的
→efficiency n.效率
1.前缀com-意为“共同、拉在一起、一起”“完全、彻底(加强语气)”。
(1)com-用在以字母b，m，p开头的单词之前，如complex＝com(一起)＋plex(重叠)→重叠在一起→复杂的，compute＝com(一起)＋pute(计算)→计算，compromise＝com(拉在一起)＋promise(承诺)→双方坐在一起互相协商，各自做出承诺→妥协，折中。
(2)com-在a，e，i，o，u，h，g，n前面变成co，如coincidence＝co(共同)＋incidence(发生，发生率)→同时发生→巧合，碰巧。
(3)com-在l，r前变成col，cor，如colleague＝col(在一起)＋league(联盟)→在一个联盟或团体里一起工作的人→同事，correct＝cor(完全地，加强语气)＋ rect(正，直)→使变直、变正→正确的；改正。
积累 —— 构词法 学一法 会一类
(4)con-放在其余的辅音字母开头的单词之前，如confirm＝con(完全)＋firm(坚固)→使坚固→证实，确定，contemporary＝com(共同)＋tempor (时间，时代)＋ary(形容词后缀)→同时代的。
2.后缀-cy是表示抽象名词的后缀，也作-acy，意为“性质，状态，情况”。如urgency，efficiency。
(1)Compeer mental tutorship is a kind of school mental health education model. (猜加颜色词义)
(2)He never understood how to organize or compress large masses of material. ________________
积累 —— 构词法 学一法 会一类
同辈；同伴；地位相等的人
压缩，精简，浓缩
(3)The report’s co-author Tom MacMillan said，“Public awareness of water shortage remains low. ________________
(4)There is a direct correlation between exposure to sun and skin cancer.
_______________
(5)She agreed to collaborate with him in studying the most important element. __________
(6)On a blackboard，our maths teacher drew five concentric circles.
__________________
积累 —— 构词法 学一法 会一类
共同作者，合著者
相互关系，关联
合作，协作
同轴的；同中心的
(7)The (adequate) of the security arrangements has been questioned.
(8)To work as a translator，you need (fluent) in at least one foreign language.
(9)A truly elegant taste is generally accompanied with _____________
(excellent) of heart.
积累 —— 构词法 学一法 会一类
adequacy
fluency
excellency
stain/steIn/ vi.& vt.(被)染污，(被)弄污
pyramid/'pIr mId/ n.金字塔
bargain/'bɑ ɡ n/ n.便宜货，减价品
file/faIl/ vi.& vt.提出(申请)
incur/In'k / vt.引致，带来
1
2
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
3
4
5
depreciate/dI'pri ieIt/ vi.贬值，跌价
itemize/'aIt maIz/ vt.分条列举；详细列举
merchandise/'m t ndaIz/ n.商品；货品
twist/twIst/ n.意外转折
motto/'m t / n.箴言，格言，座右铭
6
8
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
7
9
10
launder/'l nd / vt.洗熨(衣服、床单等)
accessory/ k'ses ri/ n.附件，配件，附属品
11
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
12
1
2
regardless of 不管；不顾
in conclusion 最后
have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向
relate to 理解；有关
hold up 举起
open up 开放，开启
be eager to do sth 渴望做某事
be enthusiastic about 对……有热情
3
4
5
6
Ⅳ.背核心短语
7
8
9
10
put one’s arm round/around sb 搂住某人
keep on doing sth 继续做某事
work on 从事
in a flash 突然，一瞬间
to start with 首先，作为开始
be used to doing 习惯于
go against 反对；对……不利
come to one’s defence 为某人辩护
11
12
13
14
15
16
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1
Helen’s parents got a superb teacher recommended to them，a woman named Anne Sullivan.(get sb/sth done)
海伦的父母经人推荐，聘请了一位名叫安妮·莎莉文的优秀老师。
2
Now that Helen grasped the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.(now that引导原因状语从句)
由于海伦理解了语言的关键，她非常渴望学习更多语言，并且尽可能学以致用。
3
I thought it strange that my teacher could not show me love.(it 作形式宾语)
我觉得很奇怪，因为我的老师不能给我表示什么是爱。
4
It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn’t touch.[It was the＋序数词＋time (that)＋主语＋had done...]
那是海伦第一次明白那个她触摸不到的复杂词语的意思。
5
Without love you would not be happy or want to play.(without 引导的含蓄虚拟语气)
没有爱，你就不会快乐，也不会想玩耍。
...people like Galileo Galilei (1564－1642)，who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”，were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.(with的复合结构)
……像伽利略 伽利莱(1564—1642)那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。
6
(2024·全国甲)If it’s short stories，Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing.
[句式分析] 此句是 句。if引导 从句；主句中you can try是省略了关系代词that/which的 从句，修饰先行词techniques；which引导 从句，作see的宾语。
[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
体验 —— 析真题长句 知高考难度
主从复合
条件状语
定语
如果你在写短篇小说，彼得·蒙特福德给出了六种技巧，你可以试着看看哪一种能帮助你成功创作出故事的结尾。
宾语
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.facilitate vt._____________
2.straightforward adj._______________________________
3.initially adv._____
4.enlighten vt._________________
5.concept n.____________
6.breakthrough n.________________
默写
词汇句型巩固(默写练习一) 词汇默写
促进；使便利
简单的，易懂的；坦诚的，坦率的
起初
启迪；指导，教导
概念；想法
突破；重大进展
7.necklace n._____
8.imitation n.__________
9.insight n._____________
10.integrity n._________________
项链
模仿，仿效
洞察力；顿悟
正直，诚实；完整
Ⅱ.重点单词
1. vt.促进，增进；促销；晋升
2. vi.坚称；坚持主张
3. adj.固执的，执拗的；倔强的
4. vt.培养，养成(技能、态度或素质)
5. adj.宝贵的
6. n.倾向
7. adj.逐渐的，逐步的
8. n.词汇量
promote
insist
stubborn
cultivate
precious
tendency
gradual
vocabulary
9. n.视力
10. adj.显而易见的；明白的
11. n.技巧，手法
12. vt.抓住；紧握；理解，领会
13. adv.轻柔地；温和地；平缓地
14. n.额，前额
15. adj.生动的，逼真的
eyesight
apparent
technique
grasp
gently
forehead
vivid
1. n.哲学家
→ n.思想体系；哲学
2. adj.难以忍受的；承受不住的
→ vt.忍受；承受
→ adj.可以忍受的
3. adj.引起麻烦的；令人烦恼的
→ n.问题，麻烦
philosopher
Ⅲ.拓展单词
philosophy
unbearable
bear
bearable
troublesome
trouble
4. vt.追赶，追捕；追求
→ n.追求，追逐
5. vi.表现
→ n.表现；行为
6. adj.受尊敬的，受敬重的
→ vt.尊敬
n.尊敬；问候；方面
→ adj.值得尊敬的；得体的
→ adj.尊敬的；恭敬的
pursue
pursuit
behave
behavio(u)r
respected
respect
respectable
respectful
7. n.教育工作者
→ vt.教育；教导，指导
→ n.教育
→ adj.教育(方面)的；有教育意义的
→ n.教育(学)家
8. adv.极其，非常；例外地；罕见地
→ adj.杰出的，非凡的；例外的
→ n.例外；除外
→ prep.除了……之外
educator
educate
education
educational
educationalist
exceptionally
exceptional
exception
except
9. n.限制，规定，约束
→ vt.约束，限制
→ adj.限制性的，约束的
10. vi.& vt.(使)扩大；增加；(使)膨胀
→ n.扩大；扩充；扩张
restriction
restrict
restrictive
expand
expansion
Ⅳ.拔高词汇
1.stain vi.& vt.___________________
2.merchandise n.___________
3.________ n.便宜货，减价品
4.______ n.箴言，格言，座右铭
5.________ vt.洗熨(衣服、床单等)
(被)染污，(被)弄污
商品；货品
bargain
motto
launder
Ⅴ.核心短语
1. 最后
2. 不管；不顾
3. 有做某事的倾向
4. 理解；有关
5. 对……有热情
in conclusion
regardless of
have a tendency to do sth
relate to
be enthusiastic about
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The comedy consists 120 episodes but the language style of the second half is (consist) with the first half.
2.These researchers the result of the experiment carefully，and finally drew a scientific conclusion from this .(analyse)
3. the academics of this university is what the students should do at the end of the semester by filling in an form.(evaluate)
inconsistent
词汇句型巩固(默写练习一) 语境运用
默写
of
analysed
analysis
Evaluating
evaluation
4.Through TV，kids have regular to sex and violence.It is bad to expose kids such things and we should keep kids to some good books.(expose)
5.A lot of children at the school do not live in the town，but come from the countryside，where the are very terrible.(surround)
6.Tom had hoped to meet with the manager’s and from the manager’s nod，he knew that his plan .(approve)
exposure
to
exposed
surrounding
surroundings
approval
approving
was approved
7.This new railway this area in many ways.It is to the local people.For the of more people，we should build more railways.(benefit)
8.It’s that the meeting will be held on Sunday，so we must make for everything before Saturday.(arrange)
9.This problem all of us and we were so that we had no idea how to solve it.(puzzle)
10.Prior studying in America，I think my (prior) is improving my oral English as quickly as possible.
benefits
beneficial
benefit
arranged
arrangements
puzzling
puzzled
puzzled
to
priority
Ⅱ.单句写作，补全短文(微写作)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.正如中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会所报告的那样，我们要建设一个终身学习的伟大社会和强大国家。(get sb/sth done) Be a Lifelong Learner
As is reported in the 20th CPC National Congress，we 1.______________________________
.
Lifelong learning，as we all know，is of great significance.For one thing，it makes us more competitive.For another，it helps to prevent us from falling behind times.
should get a great society and a
powerful country with lifelong learning built
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
2.另外，我认为我们养成阅读的习惯很重要，它会影响我们的性格塑造。(it 作形式宾语) 3.总而言之，既然终身学习对我们有益，那就让我们立即行动起来吧。(now that引导原因状语从句) When it comes to the way of being a lifelong learner，the drive to keep learning always comes first.It is also preferable to follow our curiosity.Plus,2.______________
____________________________________，which affects our character shaping.
All in all,3._______________________
，let’s take action right away.
I think it
important that we form the habit of reading
now that lifelong learning
benefits us
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.kingdom n.______
2.civilisation n._______
3.imply vt.___________
4.primitive adj.________
5.initiative n._______
王国
默写
词汇句型巩固(默写练习二) 词汇默写
文明
意味着……
原始的
主动性
6.economics n.________
7.respectively adv._______
8.conventional adj.________________
9.entitle vt.______________________
10.demonstrate vt.________________________
经济学
各自地
守旧的；传统的
名为……；使有权利
展示；说明；证明，证实
Ⅱ.重点单词
1. adj.道德(上)的
2. n.境况，状况；情况，情形
3. n.公民；市民
4. adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的
5. n.目的，目标
adj.客观的
6. n.教会；教堂
7. adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的
8. vt.放弃；抛弃
moral
circumstance
citizen
brilliant
objective
church
worthy
abandon
9. n.宇宙
10. n.影子；背光处；(坏)影响；阴影
11. adj.极其重要的，必不可少的
12. n.惯例，常规；例行公事
13. n.人类
14. n.时间表，日程表；时刻表
15. n.设施，设备
universe
shadow
vital
routine
mankind
timetable
facility
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1. n.获得，习得
→ vt.获得，得到
2. n.同情，同情心；赞同
→ adj.同情的，有同情心的；赞同的
→ adv.富有同情心地
3. n.定义，释义
→ vt.下定义；界定
acquisition
acquire
sympathy
sympathetic
sympathetically
definition
define
4. adv.无鉴别力地；不加批评地
→ adj.批评的，批判的；关键的
→ n.评论家，批评家
→ v.批评
→ n.批评；指责
5. vt.刺激，促使，促进
→ n.刺激，激励，激发
6. vt.评价
→ n.评价；估价
uncritically
critical
critic
criticize
criticism
stimulate
stimulation
assess
assessment
7. adj.效率低的，能力差的
→ adj.效率高的；有能力的
→ n.效率
8. n.假定，假设
→ vt.假定，假设
→ conj.假设；假定
9. n.金融；财政 v.提供资金
→ adj.金融的；财政的
→ adv.财政上；金融上
inefficient
efficient
efficiency
assumption
assume
assuming
finance
financial
financially
Ⅳ.拔高词汇
1.pyramid n._______
2.file vi.& vt.___________
3.itemize vt.___________________
4.accessory n.____________________
5.____ n.意外转折
金字塔
提出(申请)
分条列举；详细列举
附件，配件，附属品
twist
Ⅴ.核心短语
1. 继续做某事
2. 从事
3. 首先，作为开始
4. 习惯于
5. 反对；对……不利
6. 突然，一瞬间
keep on doing sth
work on
to start with
be used to doing
go against
in a flash
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.From the audience’s expression，we could tell that the film was very and many people were at it.(disappoint)
2.“Hi，here！I have news for you！” my brother said in an
voice.On hearing the news，I jumped up in .(excite)
3. from his failure，it was his lack of experience that affected his own .(judge)
disappointed
词汇句型巩固(默写练习二) 语境运用
默写
disappointing
disappointed
exciting
excited
excitement
Judging
judgement
4.The students the hotter the water was，the more salt would dissolve in it.But the teacher disagreed with the .(conclude)
5.Now that you have grown up，you should be responsible what you are doing and it is your (responsible) to set an example to your future generation.
6.She is enthusiastic her work，so she threw herself into her work and it is because of her that she has won her peers’ praise.(enthusiastic)
7.The teacher that the students should be taught how to take
action in the face of .(urge)
concluded
conclusion
for
responsibility
about
enthusiastically
enthusiasm
urged
urgent
urgency
8.This kind of drug can make your back a little more comfortable and your can be eased.(pain)
9.It is of you to drop out of the club because the club organiser has good and can guide us .(wise)
10.His great (contribute) to the company have contributed
its rapid development in recent years.
painful
pain
unwise
wisdom
wisely
contributions
to
Ⅱ.单句写作，补全短文(微写作)
With our beautiful
song finished
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.随着我们美妙的歌曲的结束，所有的观众都给了我们热烈的掌声。(with的复合结构) Dear Peter，
I am sorry to hear that you have gone back home on sick leave.How are you feeling now
I hope my good news for you will sweep away the shadow of your disease.Last week，an English festival was held in our school，and our class performed a song which you taught us at the festival.1._________________
，all the audience gave us warm applause.
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
2.这是我们第一次参加如此有意义的活动。[It was the＋序数词＋time(that)＋主语＋had done...] 3.没有您的出席，我们大家都感到沮丧。(without 引导的含蓄虚拟语气) 2.__________________________________________________________________________
Without your presence,3.________________
.
We all miss you very much and wish you a quick and complete recovery.
Yours，
Li Hua
It was the first time that we had participated in such a meaningful activity.
all of us would
have felt frustrated
Education is exceptionally 1. (significance) in facilitating individual overall development and promoting social progress.It helps cultivate creative minds and develop sympathy for fellow men.Educators with wisdom 2. (expect) to teach moral lessons，enlighten minds and clarify what puzzles students.
significant
词汇串记
are expected
Some people insist that teaching means 3. (expand) students’ vocabularies，and educating students to understand abstract concepts to cope with all kinds of assessments.It is obvious that this cognition is wrong.Teaching is much 4. (complex) than this.Teaching can be painful.It is apparent that some students are inefficient and are not brilliant and can study in an autonomous way，5.________ implies that teachers have to try all methods to make slow students gain knowledge.Some students，who think all restrictions unbearable，are troublesome and stubborn.They never have schools’ timetables in mind and have their own daily routine.6. ，
expanding
more complex
which
However
enthusiastic teachers are expected not to abandon a single student regardless of how he/she behaves.Their priority is to uncritically urge students to study hard，stimulate the initiative in students and teach them integrity so that they can make 7. (contribute) to society in the future.In addition，students are now exposed to complex circumstances，so it is vital for them to think critically.That is，it is teachers’ responsibility 8. (cultivate) students’ insight and judgement.However，the fruit of education is sweet.Almost all civilisations rank teachers as worthy and respected citizens.Many successful people owe their success partly 9. their teachers.In conclusion，education is 10. (benefit) to mankind.
contributions
to cultivate
to
返 回
beneficial
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
突破核心考点
Part Two
adj.一贯的，一致的 (consistently adv.始终如一地，一贯地 inconsistent adj.不一致的 consist vi.由……组成；在于)
consistent
·be consistent with...与……一致
·consist of(＝be made up of＝be composed of)由……组成
consist in在于……；存在于……
consist with和……一致
1
(1)It is apparent that the value of our life consists pursuing our objective and making one breakthrough after another.
(2)He is a reliable educator and philosopher whose actions are always consistent his words.
(3)(读后续写之升华句)众所周知，生活中不仅有阳光，还有风雨。
It is universally acknowledged that life ____________________________
.
in
with
consists of/is made up of/is
composed of not only sunshine but also storms
(4)(应用文写作之建议信)如果你想让别人相信你，你的言行应该一致。
If you want others to believe in you，______________________________
.
用法点拨 consist of没有被动语态和进行时态。
your conduct should consist
with/be consistent with what you say
sympathy
·express/show/have/feel sympathy for sb向某人表达同情
out of sympathy出于同情
in/with sympathy＝sympathetically同情地
in sympathy with...赞同/支持……
·be sympathetic towards/to对……同情；赞同，支持……
2
n.同情，同情心；赞同 (sympathetic adj.同情的，有同情心的；赞同的 sympathetically adv.富有同情心地)
(1)To tell you the truth，I am not in sympathy your solution for it is too complex.
(2)(读后续写之善举)Mrs Meredith同情那些急需帮助的穷人。出于同情，她一有时间就给他们送去食物和药品。
Mrs Meredith __________________________________________________
who urgently needed assistance，and ，she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time.
with
was sympathetic towards/to the poor/had sympathy for
the poor
out of sympathy
(3)(读后续写之动作情感描写)她走近那个可怜的男孩，同情地把他抱在怀里。
Approaching the poor boy，she __________________________________
.
gathered him into her arms in/with
sympathy/sympathetically
insist
insist on/upon (sb/sb’s) doing sth坚持(某人)做某事
insist that...
vi.坚称；坚持主张
3
坚持认为，坚持说……(从句用陈述语气)
坚决要求……[从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should＋) do”]
(1)The old lady insisted that the homeless boy (steal) her wallet and insisted that he (put) into prison.
had stolen
(should) be put
(2)我坚持认为为了保护海洋我们每天应从小事做起，并且我坚决要求每个人都参与进来。 (2022·全国甲，书面表达)
I insist that we every day to protect the ocean and that everyone .
(3)老师直视着我的眼睛，补充说：“只有坚持写作，你才能在写作上取得很大进步。” (2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
Looking me straight in the eye，my teacher added，“Only if _________
.”(运用倒装句)
do simple things
(should) take part in it
you insist
on/upon writing can you make great progress in writing
puzzle
·puzzle over/about苦思冥想；仔细琢磨
·be puzzled about对……迷惑不解
vt.使困惑，使迷惑 n.谜；难题 (puzzling adj.令人困惑的；费解的 puzzled adj.困惑的；迷惑不解的)
(1)After hearing the conclusion，he had a look on his face and I was as well.(puzzle)
puzzling
4
puzzled
puzzled
(2)(话题写作之传统文化)外国人对怎样正确地使用筷子感到困惑。
①Foreigners how to use the chopsticks correctly.
(puzzled adj.)
② (puzzle vt.；主语从句)
用法点拨 puzzled，confused，frightened等分词转化来的形容词既用来修饰人，也用来修饰与人有关的名词，如：look，voice，smile，expression等。
are puzzled about
What puzzles foreigners is how to use the chopsticks correctly.
disappointed
·be disappointed at/with/by...对……失望
be disappointed to do sth对做某事失望
be disappointed that...因……失望
·to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是
adj.失望的，沮丧的 [disappoint vt.(使)失望 disappointing adj.令人失望的 disappointment n.失望]
(1)To my ，my daughter behaved badly and facing her rude，awkward and behavior，I was extremely overcome with anger and sadness.(disappoint)
5
disappointment
disappointing
(2)我很失望地发现，我被分配到一个竞争激烈、严肃的家伙身边工作，我几乎要哭了。虽然我对这个结果感到失望，但我必须鼓起勇气，坚持到底。 (2022·浙江1月，读后续写)
I I was assigned to work with the fiercely competitive and serious guy and I was on the edge of crying.While I ____
，I had to pluck up my courage and tough it out.
was disappointed to find that
was
disappointed at/by/with the result
worthy
·be worthy of值得……
be worthy to be done＝be worthy of being done值得做(某事)
·be well worth doing非常值得做
·It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.做某事是值得的。
adj.值得尊敬的；有价值的
6
我保证我们学校图书馆里的自习室值得体验，因此请接受我真诚的邀请。 (2022·浙江6月，应用文写作)
(1)I guarantee that the self-study room in our school library __________
，so please accept my sincere invitation.(worthy)
(2)I guarantee that the self-study room in our school library，so please accept my sincere invitation.(worthwhile)
is worthy of
being experienced/to be experienced
it is worthwhile to experience/experiencing
(3)I guarantee that the self-study room in our school library __________
，so please accept my sincere invitation.(worth)
is worth
experiencing
urge
·urge sb to do sth催促某人做某事
urge that...(should) do sth极力主张/强调……做某事
It is urged that...(should) do sth极力主张/强调……做某事。
·have/feel an urge to do sth有强烈的欲望做某事
vt.强烈要求；敦促 n.强烈的欲望；冲动 (urgent adj.紧急的 urgency n.急迫；急事)
7
(1)In case of ，call the police and they can help you handle
matters.(urge)
urgency
urgent
(2)为了更好地保护海洋，我们必须敦促更多的人反思他们不恰当的行为并且做出改变。 (2022·全国甲，书面表达)
To protect oceans better，we ____________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________ _____ and make changes.
(3)呼吁任何渴望为环境保护做出贡献的人都应该参加这场运动。
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
must urge more people to reflect on their
own improper behavior/must urge that more people (should) reflect on their own improper behavior
It is urged that anyone who has an urge to make contributions to environmental protection (should)participate in the campaign.
8
vt.有……是由于；把……归功于；欠(债、人情等)；应感谢
owe
·owe sb sth/owe sth to sb欠某人某物
owe sth to sb/sth把某事归功于某人或某物
·owing to因为，由于
(1)The brilliant inventor owed his new superb invention the wisdom of all his workmates.
to
(2)由于我出色的方向感，我们顺利地走出了黑暗的森林，我们沉浸在极度的喜悦中。
，we walked out of the dark forest smoothly and we were bathed in extreme joy.
(3)(应用文写作之道歉信)周五下午未能和你一起去书店，我应该向你道歉。
I on Friday afternoon.
Owing to my excellent sense of direction
owe you an apology for not going to the bookstore with you
9
不管；不顾
regardless of
·regardless of the fact that...不顾……的事实
·in spite of＝despite尽管(后常接名词，不接从句)
·with regard to关于；至于
(1)(应用文写作之活动安排)关于参赛资格，欢迎任何人参加活动，无论他们的英语熟练度如何。
the qualification of the competition，anybody is welcome to participate .
With regard to
regardless of their English proficiency
(2)尽管生活中有苦难，她还是没有放弃她的梦想，最终成功了。
，she didn’t give up her dream and finally made it to the top.
Despite/In spite of the sufferings and hardships in life
10
Helen’s parents got a superb teacher recommended to them，a woman named Anne Sullivan.
海伦的父母经人推荐，聘请了一位名叫安妮·莎莉文的优秀老师。
get＋宾语＋宾补
·该句中got 作谓语，a superb teacher 作宾语，recommended to them作宾补。其
中，宾语和宾补之间为动宾关系，表示被动。构成“vt.＋宾语＋过去分词”结构。
·可以用于该结构的动词常常是感官动词，如see，notice，watch，hear，feel等，
以及使役动词，如have，get，keep，leave，make 等。此外want，like 等表
示想或好恶的词也有此用法。
(1)It is said that the headmaster intends to get the schoolyard _________
(expand) next year.
(2)Learning that my son left his homework (finish)，I boiled with anger and couldn’t control my anger.
(3)让她兴奋的是，她看到周围的环境改善了很多。
To her excitement，she .
(4)非常抱歉让您久等了，真诚地希望您能接受我的道歉。(应用文写作之道歉信)
I am terribly sorry to and I sincerely hope that you can accept my apology.
expanded
unfinished
saw the surroundings improved a lot
have you waiting for so long
11
It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn’t touch.
那是海伦第一次明白那个她触摸不到的复杂词语的意思。
It was the＋序数词＋time (that) sb had done...
·“It/This/That＋was＋the first/second/...time (that) sb＋过去完成时”表示“某
人第一/第二/……次……”
·“It/This/That＋is＋the first/second/...time (that) sb＋现在完成时”表示“某人
第一/第二/……次……”
·It is/was (about/high) time that...should do sth/did sth意为“到了……做某事
的时间了”，should不能省略。相当于It is/was time for sb to do sth。
·There was a time when...曾经有一段时间……
(1)这是我们第一次准备英语文学讲座，为此我们迫切需要您的帮助。
(2024·上海1月，书面表达)
for an English literature lecture，for which we are in desperate need of your help.
(2)那是我第一次把晚餐分发给那些需要帮助的人，所以我有点担心和紧张，汗水从额头上流下来。 (2022·浙江6月，读后续写)
，so I was a bit worried and nervous，with sweat running off my forehead.
This is the first time that we have prepared
That was the first time that I had given out dinners to those in need
(3)到了政府应该采取有效措施保护野生动物免遭灭绝的时候了。
_____________________________________________________________
to protect wildlife from extinction.
(4)我仍然记得曾经有一段时间，我对与大自然有关的一切都很着迷。
I still remember _______________________________________________
.
It is high time that the government should take/took effective measures
there was a time when I was crazy about everything
with nature
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
1.He said to me，“The book is written in the straightforward① language because the author has a straightforward② character.”
①___________________ ②__________________
adj.简单的，易懂的
adj.坦诚的，坦率的
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
基础达标
2.My father placed those apple cores① on the desk and then persuaded me to take the core② course，whose core③ is how to do business with American businessmen.
①_______ ②___________ ③_____________________
n.果核
adj.核心的
n.核心，最重要的部分
3.I was streaming① a short video online，in which a badly injured soldier became unconscious beside a stream②.I was so anxious that tears streamed③ down my cheeks.
①_______ ②_____________ ③________
4.On stepping into the complex① teaching complex②，I felt so confused that I couldn’t figure out where my classroom was.
①___________ ②__________
vt.流播
n.小河，小溪
vi.流动
adj.复杂的
n.建筑群
5.In the past two years I have gained① weight，so I plan to take regular exercise to prevent further weight gain②.I am greatly convinced that I will gain③ benefits from workout.Every time I work out，I always use the watch which gains④ several minutes a day.
①_______ ②________ ③________________
④___________________
vt.增加
n.增加
vt.获得，赢得
v.(钟、表等走得)快
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1.When criticised that what he said was not consistent what he did，he smiled in embarrassment.
2.Our English teacher insisted that we (imitate) the pronunciation of broadcasters of BBC.
3.There is a growing (tend) for people to suffer from severe tension and a bad mood nowadays.
4.To his (disappoint)，what he earned couldn’t cover the monthly expense of the family.
with
(should) imitate
tendency
disappointment
5.The new creation of the comedian is really worthy of ________________
(watch).
6.For thousands of years，people have told fables to teach a lesson or to pass on (wise). (2023·全国甲)
7.Who do you suppose should take (responsible) for the car accident
8.Under (bear) circumstances，she and her husband spared no effort to analyze and evaluate pitchblende with the objective of extracting radioactive substances and studying their properties.
being watched
wisdom
responsibility
unbearable
9.You’d better go to the surgery to get your bleeding hand __________
(treat).
10.This is the first time that she (take) a ballet course，so she is quite clumsy.
treated
has taken
返 回
提升写作能力
Part Three
应用文增分练
人工智能与教育
假定你是红星中学学生会主席李华，学生会准备开展一次“人工智能与未来教育”的专家讲座活动。请你写一则英语通知发布到学校英文网站，号召同学们积极参加，内容包括：
1.活动的时间和地点；
2.专家简介和讲座内容；
3.报名方式。
1.随着人工智能技术越来越受到学生的关注，6月20日下午2至3点，我校礼堂将举办一场主题为“人工智能与未来教育”的讲座。(with复合结构)
_______________________________________________________________
2.众所周知，这是我们第一次举办这样的活动，对老师和学生来说都会非常有吸引力。(It is the first time that...)
_______________________________________________________________
3.该讲座由人工智能技术领域的领军人物吴教授来做。(get＋宾语＋过去分词)
______________________________________________________________
应用文增分练
完成句子
4.除了向你介绍这项技术的概况外，他还将明确人工智能技术如何应用于并影响未来的教育。(it作形式宾语)
______________________________________________________________
5.既然你对这个讲座很感兴趣，我坚持认为你不应该错过它，你应该在6月16日之前到学生会注册。(now that引导的原因状语从句；insist)
______________________________________________________________
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
应用文增分练
组句成篇
Notice
Lecture：AI and Tomorrow’s Education
With the AI technology attracting more and more students’ attention，a lecture with the theme of “AI and Tomorrow’s Education” is scheduled to be held in our school auditorium from 2 p.m.to 3 p.m.on June 20th.
应用文增分练
参考范文
As we all know，it is the first time that we have held such an activity，so it will be exceptionally appealing to both teachers and students.Professor Wu，a leading researcher in AI technology，will get the lecture delivered.Besides offering you a general picture of this technology，he will also make it clear how AI technology can be applied to and affect tomorrow’s education.
Now that you are enthusiastic about this lecture，I insist that you shouldn’t miss it and you should register with the Students’ Council before June 16th.
Li Hua
Chairman of the Students’ Council
续写积累提能练
教材语料整合
亮词 [情感描写] sympathy；unbearable；troublesome；superb；straightforward；excitement；painful；enthusiastic；complex；gently；disappointed；puzzle；critical；integrity；conventional；preoccupied
[人物描写] promote；facilitate；insist；evaluate；stubborn；enlighten；grasp；expand；gain；pursue；educate；contribute；expose；stimulate；assess；approve；urge；abandon；owe；restrict
美句 1.She was sometimes troublesome，stubborn and angry，and had a tendency to break things when no one understood her.(人物描写)
2.However，because Helen was so enthusiastic about learning，the results were amazing.(情感描写)
3.When her teacher said that it wasn’t，she was confused and disappointed.(情感描写)
4.You cannot touch love either；but you feel the sweetness that it pours into everything.Without love you would not be happy or want to play.(主旨升华)
美句 5.He is now known as the father of astronomy.(比喻)
6.In the picture，a man is wearing a hat and an apron，and is carrying an umbrella because it is raining heavily.(人物描写)
7.It is important not to become too preoccupied with routines and schedules，because they can make us blind to what is in front of us.(主旨升华)
动作细节描写：“嘴”动“唇”动
续写积累提能练
拓展语料积累
词 块 open-mouthed目瞪口呆的 mouth drops/hangs wide open 张大嘴巴 widen one’s mouth 咧开嘴 feel one’s throat tight and one’s mouth dry感到喉咙发紧，嘴发干 cup/cover one’s mouth 捂住某人的嘴 down in the mouth垂头丧气，嘴角下垂 one’s heart in one’s mouth 提心吊胆 lick one’s lips 舔嘴唇 purse one’s lips噘嘴 bite one’s lip 忍住话，抑制情感流露
句 型 She froze，her mouth hanging open.(独立主格)她呆住了，嘴张开着。
Her mouth grew stiff with pain and distress.疼痛和悲伤让她嘴巴发僵。
He straightened up and looked at me，open-mouthed/his mouth dropping open in surprise.他直起身，目瞪口呆地看着我。
With a smile playing around his mouth，he recalled the happy past days.(with复合结构)嘴角挂着微笑，他回忆起过去的快乐时光。
A gentle smile danced around the corners of her mouth，making us feel at ease/putting us at ease.(拟人)她的嘴角露出一抹温柔的笑意，使我们放松下来。
句 型 My mouth started watering when I smelled the food.闻到食物的香味，我的嘴开始流口水了。
She bit her lower lip to keep it from trembling as tears ran/streamed/rolled down her cheeks.
她咬着下唇不让它颤抖，泪水顺着她的脸颊流下来。
主题：“第一课”
续写积累提能练
语料运用
作为一名大学讲师，第一次上课时，我感到极度痛苦和焦虑，喉咙紧绷，口干。我有逃跑的冲动，但我现在不是学生，而是老师。想到这里，我努力咬着上唇，以免它颤抖。
The first time I delivered a lecture as a university lecturer，I felt extremely painful and anxious，① (独立主格结构).② ，but I was not a student but a teacher now.Thinking of it，I tried to ③____________________________
.
my throat tight and my mouth dry
I had an urge to escape
bite my upper lip to keep it from
trembling
Then，I quickly ④ ，hoping the audience off the stage didn’t notice my uneasiness.Some students straightened up and looked at me ⑤_______________________________
，which again made me almost abandon the lecture.⑥ (形容词短语作状语)，I managed to take a few deep breaths and calm down by recalling some happy scenes.
cleared my throat and licked my lips
然后，我迅速清了清嗓子，舔了舔嘴唇，希望台下的观众不要注意到我的不安。有些学生直起身子惊讶地张大嘴巴看着我，这再次让我几乎想放弃这次演讲。我对自己感到失望，于是做了几次深呼吸，试图回忆起一些快乐的场景，让自己平静下来。
open-mouthed/their mouth dropping
open in surprise
Disappointed with myself
Finally，⑦____________________________________________________
(拟人) and I finally could take control of my emotion as well as my first class.
返 回
a weak smile began to dance around the corners of my
mouth
最后，一抹浅浅的微笑开始在我的嘴角飞舞，我终于可以控制自己的情绪，掌控我的第一次课堂。
