第2讲 形容词和副词
考点精讲一 形容词和副词的基本用法
I bought an interesting① novel yesterday.The book is so interesting② that I can hardly let go of it.Worried③ about my study，my mother took it away.However，I found my mother absorbed④ in it.
My mother is reading the novel attentively⑤ now and she is quite⑤ moved by it.Obviously⑥，she won’t return the book to me soon.
[规则感悟] ①修饰名词，往往用形容词作定语。②在系动词之后，往往用形容词作表语。③表示情绪和精神状态的形容词可以作状语。④在“感官或使役动词＋宾语”之后，形容词可以作宾补，说明宾语的状态。⑤副词可以描述某个动作的情况或者描述动作、行为或状态的程度。⑥副词可以放在句首，作评论性状语，修饰整个句子。
1．形容词的构词规则
(1)名词转换为形容词的规则
类别 例词
词尾加-y cloud→cloudy，luck→lucky，health→healthy，wind→windy，salt→salty
词尾加-(e)d gift→gifted，talent→talented，experience→experienced，detail→detailed，age→aged
词尾加-ful/-less meaning→meaningful/meaningless，care→careful/careless，help→helpful/helpless，harm→harmful/harmless，colour→colourful/colourless，use→useful/useless，thank→thankful/thankless
词尾加-able comfort→comfortable，knowledge→knowledgeable，remark→remarkable，fashion→fashionable，reason→reasonable
词尾加-ous danger→dangerous，courage→courageous，humor→humorous
词尾变-ce为-t absence→absent，confidence→confident，difference→different，elegance→elegant，persistence→persistent，significance→significant
词尾(去e)加-al music→musical，person→personal，nation→national，education→educational，tradition→traditional，profession→professional
词尾去-e加-al或-ial agriculture→agricultural，culture→cultural，globe→global，universe→universal，virtue→virtual，commerce→commercial，finance→financial
词尾加-ly friend→friendly，week→weekly，love→lovely
词尾加-en wood→wooden，wool→woolen
词尾去-e或-y加-etic/-ic athlete→athletic，energy→energetic，scene→scenic，economy→economic，history→historic
其他常见变化 habit→habitual，fool→foolish，pleasure→pleasant/pleased，science→scientific，medicine→medical，day→daily，influence→influential，south→southern
注意 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节名词加后缀-y变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y，如：sun→sunny，fun→funny等。以-e结尾的名词加-y变形容词时要去掉e再加-y，如：noise→noisy，ice→icy，taste→tasty等。
(2)动词转换为形容词的规则
类别 例词
词前加-a live→alive，wake→awake，sleep→asleep
词尾加-ed/-d excite→excited，educate→educated，relax→relaxed，challenge→challenged，crowd→crowded，balance→balanced
词尾(去e)加-ing surprise→surprising，convince→convincing，frighten→frightening，appeal→appealing，reward→rewarding，invite→inviting
词尾(去e)加-able accept→acceptable，respect→respectable，enjoy→enjoyable，adjust→adjustable，afford→affordable，bear→bearable，suit→suitable，recognize→recognizable
词尾(去e)加-ive/-ative/-itive act→active，attract→attractive，compare→comparative，compete→competitive，create→creative，impress→impressive，relate→relative，select→selective
2.形容词变副词的规则
类别 例词
(1)一般形容词变副词直接在其后加-ly。 quick→quickly，anxious→anxiously
(2)以辅音字母＋e结尾的形容词直接加-ly，以元音字母＋e结尾的形容词去掉e再加-ly。 immediate→immediately，polite→politely，true→truly
(3)以辅音字母＋le结尾的形容词要去掉e再加-y。 possible→possibly，probable→probably
(4)以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词要变y为i再加-ly。 happy→happily，healthy→healthily
(5)以ic结尾的形容词要在其后加-ally。 economic→economically，basic→basically
(6)以ll结尾的形容词要在其后加-y。 full→fully，dull→dully
注意 下面这两个单词是特殊的形式：whole→wholly public→publicly
3．常见的以-ly结尾的形容词
(1)表示时间的形容词：hourly每小时的；daily 每天的；weekly 每周的；monthly 每月的；yearly 每年的；timely及时的，适时的。
(2)表示人的形容词：manly有男子气概的；womanly 女性特有的；motherly慈母般的；fatherly 慈父般的；comradely 同志般的。
(3)表示人的外貌、特征、性格、心理等的形容词：lovely可爱的；friendly 友好的；ugly 难看的；lively 活泼的；lonely 孤独的；unfriendly 不友好的；kindly 亲切的；sickly多病的；elderly 年长的。
(4)表示事物特征、环境、情况、状态的形容词：likely可能的；orderly 整齐的；deadly 致命的；chilly 寒冷的；disorderly 乱七八糟的；unlikely 不大可能发生的。
4．如何区分-ed结尾的形容词与-ing结尾的形容词
(1)-ing结尾的形容词主要用于修饰物或事，表示事物的性质或特征，常译为“令人……的”。
(2)-ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，也可以修饰事物，多修饰smile(微笑)，appearance(外貌)，face(面部表情)，voice(声音)，look(表情)，expression(表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。
He had a pleased smile on his face.
他脸上露出了满意的微笑。
He told me the news in a very excited voice.
他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。
5．常考的连接性副词
though然而，可是；meanwhile 在此期间；therefore/thus/consequently因此，所以；moreover/furthermore而且，此外；besides而且，另外，还有；however然而；instead相反，代替；anyway/anyhow尽管，即使这样；otherwise否则。
The young man couldn’t afford a new car.Instead，he bought a used one.
那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。
The house was too expensive and too big.Besides，I’d grown fond of our little rented house.这个房子太贵、太大了。而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的小屋了。
6．意义不同的同根副词
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
对点练习 1．The old people there were talkative and they told us their personal(person) stories cheerfully. 2．There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed(disappoint)． 3．I’ll never forget the amazing(amaze) trip I had in Beijing，China and I hope to go there next time with my friends. 4．He spent seven days in the wind and snow，cold and hungry(hunger)． 5．In the study，GBS was used to provide a highly(high) efficient way of demonstrating quantum computational speedup in solving some tasks. 6．The title will be officially(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. 7．Luckily(lucky)，he also has a cow which produces milk every day. 8．I am terribly(terrible) sorry that I can’t go to the bookstore with you at the appointed time.
考点精讲二 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
In my family，my mother is the thinnest①.My father is much taller② than her and me，but he is twice as heavy as③ my mother，and becoming fatter and fatter④.He is quite worried because the fatter⑤ he is，the more likely⑤ he is to be ill.
[规则感悟] ①形容词和副词变比较级或最高级，一般直接加-er或-est；以e结尾的直接加-r或-st；以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词注意双写结尾辅音字母；以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，将y变为i再加-er或-est；多音节词前面加more或most。
两者或两部分之间比较，多用比较级；三者或三者以上的比较，可以使用最高级。
②比较级常常和than连用，并且可以被much，a little，a bit，even，far，still 等词修饰。
③倍数表达法：
·A＋谓语＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B
·A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级(＋名词)＋as＋B
·A＋谓语＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height，weight等)＋of＋B
④“adj./adv.比较级＋and＋adj./adv.比较级”表示“越来越……”。
⑤“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”表示“越……，就越……”。
1．少数以-er，-ow，-y或-le结尾的双音节词，可以加-er构成比较级，加-est构成最高级。
clever→cleverer→cleverest
narrow→narrower→narrowest
easy→easier→easiest
simple→simpler→simplest
2．有些形容词没有程度可分或其本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。
这类形容词有right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，first(第一的)，wooden(木制的)，final(最后的)，east(东方的)，last(最后的)等。
3．有些形容词和副词变比较级或最高级时为不规则变化，需牢记。
good/well→better→best
bad/ill→worse→worst
many/much→more→most
little→less→least
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
far→farther→farthest(指具体空间上)
far→further→furthest(指抽象程度上)
4．比较级的基本用法
(1)同级比较
①as＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“和……一样”；not as/so＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“不如……”
Since people are fond of humour，it is as welcome in conversation as anywhere else.
因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。
②当as...as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：
as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n.＋as...
as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as...
as＋much＋不可数名词＋as...
I’m not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today.今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我非常累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。
(2)比较级比较
“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”表示“一方不及另一方……”。
I know my sister better than anyone else.Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it.我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。她一旦下定决心，没有什么能够改变。
5．比较级的特殊用法
①“more＋原级＋than＋原级”表示“与其说……不如说……”。
The girl was more frightened than hurt.
与其说这个女孩是受了伤，不如说是受到了惊吓。
②“more than＋主语＋can＋谓语”表示“非……所能；……不能”。
The beauty of the city is more than I can describe.这座城市的美是我所不能描述的。
③形容词比较级前一般不用冠词，但如果出现表示范围的短语时，就需要加定冠词。
Of the two sisters，Mary is the cleverer.
这两姐妹中，玛丽更聪明。
6．比较级形式表示最高级含义
在某个特定范围内，同类事物对比，可用以下比较级结构表示最高级含义。
①比较级＋than＋any other＋可数名词单数
②比较级＋than＋the other＋可数名词复数
③比较级＋than＋anyone/anything else
④比较级＋than＋any of the other＋可数名词复数
⑤“否定词＋比较级”也可表示最高级含义。
China is the largest country in Asia.That is，it is larger than any other country in Asia.
中国是亚洲最大的国家。即中国比亚洲其他任何国家都要大。
No man is better than you in the world.
人世间没有人比你好。
I haven’t read a more interesting novel.
这是我读过的最有趣的小说了。
7．最高级的基本用法
(1)形容词最高级(＋名词)＋表示范围的状语
She is the most active student in our class.
她是我们班最活跃的学生。
(2)one of＋形容词最高级＋名词复数
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.
＝Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country.上海是我国最大的城市之一。
(3)序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词
Africa is the second largest continent in the world.非洲是世界上第二大洲。
对点练习 1．The more(much) we do for those in need，the happier we’ll be. 2．Road safety has aroused wider(wide) attention of the public than before. 3．During the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century，Beijing Opera finally formed and became the biggest(big) of all operas in China. 4．The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster(fast) than traditional garbage as a whole. 5．I have seldom seen my mother as/so pleased with my progress as she is now.
1．When the house was built，it was much smaller(small) than it is today.(2021·浙江6月)
2．Xiao long bao(soup dumplings)，those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot，tasty(taste) soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)
3．Yellowstone was the largest(large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska...(2024·全国甲)
4．As the small boat moved gently(gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
层级一 基础达标练
1．Last October，while tending her garden in Mora，Sweden，Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small carrots(carrot) and was about to throw them away.
2．Handle the most important tasks first，and you’ll feel a real sense of achievement(achieve)．
3．Although he researches cloning，his intention(intend) has never been to create copies of humans.
4．In the early fifties(fifty)，researchers found that people scored higher on intelligence tests if they spoke more than one language.
5．She is the twelfth(twelve) tutor，who has come to look after his children since their mother died.
6．The old man goes to the park every third(three) day，jogging with his fellows.
7．But the successful test drilling for fire ice does not mean it can be extracted for industrial(industry) use.
8．The world’s population is increasing at a surprising(surprise) rate and our environment is facing great pressure.
9．Nowadays it’s the second largest(large) city in Bulgaria and it’s a significant economic，educational and cultural center.
10．Huizhou is famous for its stone，wood and brick carvings，which are widely(wide) used in the decoration of local houses.
层级二 高考真题练
1．The latest engineering(engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional(function) structure that is also beautiful.(2024·新课标Ⅰ)
2．These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.In cold weather，the structure stays closed(close) to protect the plants.(2024·新课标Ⅰ)
3．Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility(visible)，said Edmondson，adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers.(2024·新课标Ⅱ)
4．Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the criticism(criticize) that they lead to waste.(2024·浙江1月)
5．Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level，the national parks，in particular，tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety.They are treasures(treasure) of American heritage.(2024·全国甲)
6．Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures，and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the sixth(six) century，B.C.Yet，the form of the fable still has values today，as Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”．(2023·全国甲)
7．The remarkable(remark) development of this city，which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world，means there is always something new to discover here，and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.(2023·全国乙)
8．No matter where I buy them，one steamer basket is rarely(rare) enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left wanting more next time.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)
9．They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting(visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas，which are on loan from China.(2023·新课标Ⅱ)
10．So，what are they learning？Basically(basic)，how to describe a panda’s life.(2023·新课标Ⅱ)
层级三 语篇提能练
(2023·浙江1月改编)
During China’s 1.dynastic(dynasty) period，emperors planned the city of Beijing and arranged the residential areas according to social 2.classes(class)．The term “hutong”，3.originally(original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian，appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty，the center was the Forbidden City，surrounded in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.Citizens of higher social classes were permitted to live 4.closer(close) to the center of the circles.The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and 5.wealthy(wealth)businessmen often featured 6.beautifully(beautiful) carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子)．The hutongs they formed were orderly，lined by 7.spacious(space) homes and walled gardens.Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers.Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 8.simpler/more simple(simple) in design and decoration，and the hutongs were narrower.
Hutongs represent an important 9.cultural(culture) element of the city of Beijing.Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China，almost every hutong has its stories，and some are even associated with historic 10.events(event)．In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City and the Summer Palace，the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers.
1．形容词的名词化表达
某些形容词可以用“be of＋抽象名词”来表达。例如：be important＝be of importance be beneficial＝be of benefit be valuable＝be of value be helpful＝be of help be useful＝be of use
典例 (2024·北京)我希望我的建议对您有所帮助。期待您的文章！
I hope my advice is of some help to you.Looking forward to your article!
运用 (2024·上海6月)向他们解释为什么你想做饭，以及烹饪如何成为一项宝贵的生活技能将是有益的。
It would be of benefit to explain to them why you wish to cook and how it can be a valuable life skill.
2．副词的名词化表达
某些表示情绪的副词可以用“介词＋名词”短语表达。例如：angrily＝with anger anxiously＝with anxiety curiously＝with curiosity comfortably＝in comfort peacefully＝in peace hurriedly＝in a hurry joyfully＝with joy
典例 (2022·浙江1月)亨德森博士很高兴看到我们完成的项目并满意地对我们说：“一个人可以走得很远，但一群人可以走得更远。”
Dr Henderson was very glad to see our completed project and said to us with satisfaction，“One person can go far，but a group of persons can travel farther.”
运用 (2023·浙江1月)上周末，我带着好奇心参加了学生会组织的“认识我们身边的植物”活动。
Last weekend，I participated in a “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” activity organised by our Student Council with curiosity.
3．活用带有比较级的句型
(1)the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..
典例 (2023·全国乙)我在冰上练习得越多，我就越熟练，很快就滑得很自如了。
The more I practised skating on the ice，the more skilled I was，and I soon skated on the ice smoothly.
运用 (2022·全国甲)正如你们所知，参与的人越多，海洋环境就越好。
As you know，the more people are involved，the better the ocean environment is.
(2)“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义
典例 (2022·全国乙)我认为，在英语学习中，没有比自律更重要的了。
As far as I’m concerned，nothing is more important than self-discipline in English learning.
运用 (2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)没有什么比老师的鼓励更重要。没有老师的鼓励，我就不可能获奖。
Nothing is more important than my teacher’s encouragement.Without it，I couldn’t have won the prize.
(2025·齐鲁名师联盟诊断考试) 假定你是李华，你的朋友Gabriel将作为交换生到你的学校进行访问，请你给 Gabriel 写一封邮件表示欢迎，并邀请他参加校庆活动，内容包括： 1.表示欢迎； 2.发出邀请。 Dear Gabriel， 1.I am more than delighted to hear(我很高兴得知) that you will be visiting our school as an exchange student. I would like to extend a warm welcome to you and invite you to join us in celebrating our school’s anniversary next month.The school anniversary is a significant event for us,2.filled with various activities(充满了各种各样的活动) such as performances，sports competitions，and cultural exhibitions.It will be a great opportunity for you to experience our school spirit and 3.get to know more about our traditions and culture(了解更多关于我们的传统和文化)． I’m looking forward to meeting you soon and 4.showing you around our campus(带你参观我们的学校)．If you have any questions or need any assistance before your arrival，please feel free to reach out to me. Yours， Li Hua(共62张PPT)
第2讲 形容词和副词
语法专题 专题二
内容索引
考点精讲一 形容词和副词的基本用法
考点精讲二 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
考点分层演练
语法链接写作
形容词和副词的基本用法
考点精讲一
情景导入
I bought an interesting① novel yesterday.The book is so interesting② that I can hardly let go of it.Worried③ about my study，my mother took it away.However，I found my mother absorbed④ in it.
My mother is reading the novel attentively⑤ now and she is quite⑤ moved by it.Obviously⑥，she won’t return the book to me soon.
规则感悟
①修饰名词，往往用形容词作定语。②在系动词之后，往往用形容词作表语。③表示情绪和精神状态的形容词可以作状语。④在“感官或使役动词＋宾语”之后，形容词可以作宾补，说明宾语的状态。⑤副词可以描述某个动作的情况或者描述动作、行为或状态的程度。⑥副词可以放在句首，作评论性状语，修饰整个句子。
1.形容词的构词规则
(1)名词转换为形容词的规则
类别 例词
词尾加-y cloud→cloudy，luck→lucky，health→healthy，wind→
windy，salt→salty
词尾加 -(e)d gift→gifted，talent→talented，experience→experienced，detail→detailed，age→aged
词尾加 -ful/-less meaning→meaningful/meaningless，care→careful/careless，help→helpful/helpless，harm→harmful/harmless，colour →colourful/colourless，use→useful/useless，thank→thankful/ thankless
类别 例词
词尾加-able comfort→comfortable，knowledge→knowledgeable，remark→remarkable，fashion→fashionable，reason→ reasonable
词尾加-ous danger→dangerous，courage→courageous，humor→ humorous
词尾变-ce为-t absence→absent，confidence→confident，difference→ different，elegance→elegant，persistence→persistent，significance→significant
类别 例词
词尾(去e)加-al music→musical，person→personal，nation→national，education→educational，tradition→traditional，profession→professional
词尾去-e加-al或-ial agriculture→agricultural，culture→cultural，globe→ global，universe→universal，virtue→virtual，commerce
→commercial，finance→financial
词尾加-ly friend→friendly，week→weekly，love→lovely
词尾加-en wood→wooden，wool→woolen
类别 例词
词尾去-e或 -y加-etic/-ic athlete→athletic，energy→energetic，scene→scenic，economy→economic，history→historic
其他常见 变化 habit→habitual，fool→foolish，pleasure→pleasant/
pleased，science→scientific，medicine→medical，day→ daily，influence→influential，south→southern
【注意】 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节名词加后缀-y变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y，如：sun→sunny，fun→funny等。以-e结尾的名词加-y变形容词时要去掉e再加-y，如：noise→noisy，ice→icy，taste→tasty等。
(2)动词转换为形容词的规则
类别 例词
词前加-a live→alive，wake→awake，sleep→asleep
词尾加-ed/-d excite→excited，educate→educated，relax→relaxed，challenge→challenged，crowd→crowded，balance→ balanced
词尾(去e)加-ing surprise→surprising，convince→convincing，frighten →frightening，appeal→appealing，reward→ rewarding，invite→inviting
类别 例词
词尾(去e)加 -able accept→acceptable，respect→respectable，enjoy→ enjoyable，adjust→adjustable，afford→affordable，bear→bearable，suit→suitable，recognize→recognizable
词尾(去e)加 -ive/-ative/ -itive act→active，attract→attractive，compare→comparative，compete→competitive，create→creative，impress→ impressive，relate→relative，select→selective
2.形容词变副词的规则
类别 例词
(1)一般形容词变副词直接在其后加-ly。 quick→quickly，anxious→ anxiously
(2)以辅音字母＋e结尾的形容词直接加-ly，以元音字母＋e结尾的形容词去掉e再加-ly。 immediate→immediately，polite→politely，true→ truly
(3)以辅音字母＋le结尾的形容词要去掉e再加-y。 possible→possibly，probable→probably
类别 例词
(4)以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词要变y为i再加-ly。 happy→happily，healthy→ healthily
(5)以ic结尾的形容词要在其后加-ally。 economic→economically，basic→basically
(6)以ll结尾的形容词要在其后加-y。 full→fully，dull→dully
【注意】 下面这两个单词是特殊的形式：whole→wholly public→ publicly
3.常见的以-ly结尾的形容词
(1)表示时间的形容词：hourly每小时的；daily 每天的；weekly 每周的；monthly 每月的；yearly 每年的；timely及时的，适时的。
(2)表示人的形容词：manly有男子气概的；womanly 女性特有的；motherly慈母般的；fatherly 慈父般的；comradely 同志般的。
(3)表示人的外貌、特征、性格、心理等的形容词：lovely可爱的；friendly 友好的；ugly 难看的；lively 活泼的；lonely 孤独的；unfriendly 不友好的；kindly 亲切的；sickly多病的；elderly 年长的。
(4)表示事物特征、环境、情况、状态的形容词：likely可能的；orderly 整齐的；deadly 致命的；chilly 寒冷的；disorderly 乱七八糟的；unlikely 不大可能发生的。
4.如何区分-ed结尾的形容词与-ing结尾的形容词
(1)-ing结尾的形容词主要用于修饰物或事，表示事物的性质或特征，常译为“令人……的”。
(2)-ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，也可以修饰事物，多修饰smile(微笑)，appearance(外貌)，face(面部表情)，voice(声音)，look(表情)，expression(表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。
He had a pleased smile on his face.
他脸上露出了满意的微笑。
He told me the news in a very excited voice.
他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。
5.常考的连接性副词
though然而，可是；meanwhile 在此期间；therefore/thus/consequently因此，所以；moreover/furthermore而且，此外；besides而且，另外，还有；however然而；instead相反，代替；anyway/anyhow尽管，即使这样；otherwise否则。
The young man couldn’t afford a new car.Instead，he bought a used one.
那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。
The house was too expensive and too big.Besides，I’d grown fond of our little rented house.这个房子太贵、太大了。而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的小屋了。
6.意义不同的同根副词
(1)
close adv.不远地；接近地
closely adv.密切地
(2)
free adv.免费地
freely adv.自由地
(3)
hard adv.努力地
hardly adv.几乎不
(4)
late adv.晚，迟
lately adv.近来
(5)
most adv.非常；几乎，差不多
mostly adv.主要地
(6)
wide adv.尽可能远地；充分地
widely adv.广泛地
(7)
high adv.高
highly adv.高度地
(8)
deep adv.深地；在深处
deeply adv.深刻地
(9)
near adv.在附近
nearly adv.几乎
对点练习
1.The old people there were talkative and they told us their ____________
(person) stories cheerfully.
2.There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and (disappoint).
3.I’ll never forget the (amaze) trip I had in Beijing，China and I hope to go there next time with my friends.
4.He spent seven days in the wind and snow，cold and (hunger).
5.In the study，GBS was used to provide a (high) efficient way of demonstrating quantum computational speedup in solving some tasks.
personal
disappointed
amazing
hungry
highly
6.The title will be (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
7. (lucky)，he also has a cow which produces milk every day.
8.I am (terrible) sorry that I can’t go to the bookstore with you at the appointed time.
返 回
officially
Luckily
terribly
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
考点精讲二
情景导入
In my family，my mother is the thinnest①.My father is much taller② than her and me，but he is twice as heavy as③ my mother，and becoming fatter and fatter④.He is quite worried because the fatter⑤ he is，the more likely⑤ he is to be ill.
规则感悟
①形容词和副词变比较级或最高级，一般直接加-er或-est；以e结尾的直接加-r或-st；以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词注意双写结尾辅音字母；以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，将y变为i再加-er或-est；多音节词前面加more或most。两者或两部分之间比较，多用比较级；三者或三者以上的比较，可以使用最高级。
②比较级常常和than连用，并且可以被much，a little，a bit，even，far，still 等词修饰。
规则感悟
③倍数表达法：
·A＋谓语＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B
·A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级(＋名词)＋as＋B
·A＋谓语＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height，weight等)
＋of＋B
④“adj./adv.比较级＋and＋adj./adv.比较级”表示“越来越……”。
⑤“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”表示“越……，就越……”。
1.少数以-er，-ow，-y或-le结尾的双音节词，可以加-er构成比较级，加-est构成最高级。
clever→cleverer→cleverest
narrow→narrower→narrowest
easy→easier→easiest
simple→simpler→simplest
2.有些形容词没有程度可分或其本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。
这类形容词有right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，first(第一的)，wooden(木制的)，final(最后的)，east(东方的)，last(最后的)等。
3.有些形容词和副词变比较级或最高级时为不规则变化，需牢记。
good/well→better→best
bad/ill→worse→worst
many/much→more→most
little→less→least
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
far→farther→farthest(指具体空间上)
far→further→furthest(指抽象程度上)
4.比较级的基本用法
(1)同级比较
①as＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“和……一样”；not as/so＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“不如……”
Since people are fond of humour，it is as welcome in conversation as anywhere else.
因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。
②当as...as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：
as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n.＋as...
as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as...
as＋much＋不可数名词＋as...
I’m not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today.今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我非常累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。
(2)比较级比较
“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”表示“一方不及另一方……”。
I know my sister better than anyone else.Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it.我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。她一旦下定决心，没有什么能够改变。
5.比较级的特殊用法
①“more＋原级＋than＋原级”表示“与其说……不如说……”。
The girl was more frightened than hurt.
与其说这个女孩是受了伤，不如说是受到了惊吓。
②“more than＋主语＋can＋谓语”表示“非……所能；……不能”。
The beauty of the city is more than I can describe.这座城市的美是我所不能描述的。
③形容词比较级前一般不用冠词，但如果出现表示范围的短语时，就需要加定冠词。
Of the two sisters，Mary is the cleverer.
这两姐妹中，玛丽更聪明。
6.比较级形式表示最高级含义
在某个特定范围内，同类事物对比，可用以下比较级结构表示最高级含义。
①比较级＋than＋any other＋可数名词单数
②比较级＋than＋the other＋可数名词复数
③比较级＋than＋anyone/anything else
④比较级＋than＋any of the other＋可数名词复数
⑤“否定词＋比较级”也可表示最高级含义。
China is the largest country in Asia.That is，it is larger than any other country in Asia.
中国是亚洲最大的国家。即中国比亚洲其他任何国家都要大。
No man is better than you in the world.
人世间没有人比你好。
I haven’t read a more interesting novel.
这是我读过的最有趣的小说了。
7.最高级的基本用法
(1)形容词最高级(＋名词)＋表示范围的状语
She is the most active student in our class.
她是我们班最活跃的学生。
(2)one of＋形容词最高级＋名词复数
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.
＝Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country.上海是我国最大的城市之一。
(3)序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词
Africa is the second largest continent in the world.非洲是世界上第二大洲。
对点练习
1.The (much) we do for those in need，the happier we’ll be.
2.Road safety has aroused (wide) attention of the public than before.
3.During the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century，Beijing Opera finally formed and became the (big) of all operas in China.
4.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times (fast) than traditional garbage as a whole.
5.I have seldom seen my mother pleased with my progress as she is now.
more
wider
biggest
faster
as/so
解题策略
解题策略
1.When the house was built，it was much (small) than it is today.
(2021·浙江6月)
2.Xiao long bao(soup dumplings)，those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot， (taste) soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
(2023·新课标Ⅰ)
3.Yellowstone was the (large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska...
(2024·全国甲)
smaller
tasty
largest
解题策略
4.As the small boat moved (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
返 回
gently
考点分层演练
Part Three
1.Last October，while tending her garden in Mora，Sweden，Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small (carrot) and was about to throw them away.
2.Handle the most important tasks first，and you’ll feel a real sense of ____________(achieve).
3.Although he researches cloning，his (intend) has never been to create copies of humans.
4.In the early (fifty)，researchers found that people scored higher on intelligence tests if they spoke more than one language.
层级一
基础达标练
carrots
achievement
intention
fifties
5.She is the (twelve) tutor，who has come to look after his children since their mother died.
6.The old man goes to the park every (three) day，jogging with his fellows.
7.But the successful test drilling for fire ice does not mean it can be extracted for (industry) use.
8.The world’s population is increasing at a (surprise) rate and our environment is facing great pressure.
twelfth
third
industrial
surprising
9.Nowadays it’s the second (large) city in Bulgaria and it’s a significant economic，educational and cultural center.
10.Huizhou is famous for its stone，wood and brick carvings，which are _______(wide) used in the decoration of local houses.
largest
widely
1.The latest (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective (function) structure that is also beautiful.
(2024·新课标Ⅰ)
2.These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.In cold weather，the structure stays (close) to protect the plants. (2024·新课标Ⅰ)
层级二
高考真题练
engineering
functional
closed
3.Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ________(visible)，said Edmondson，adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers. (2024·新课标Ⅱ)
4.Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the (criticize) that they lead to waste.
(2024·浙江1月)
visibility
criticism
5.Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level，the national parks，in particular，tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety.They are (treasure) of American heritage.
(2024·全国甲)
6.Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures，and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the (six) century，B.C.Yet，the form of the fable still has values today，as Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. (2023·全国甲)
treasures
sixth
7.The (remark) development of this city，which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world，means there is always something new to discover here，and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. (2023·全国乙)
8.No matter where I buy them，one steamer basket is (rare) enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left wanting more next time.
(2023·新课标Ⅰ)
remarkable
rarely
9.They talk to the flood of international tourists and to (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas，which are on loan from China. (2023·新课标Ⅱ)
10.So，what are they learning？ (basic)，how to describe a panda’s life. (2023·新课标Ⅱ)
visiting
Basically
(2023·浙江1月改编)
During China’s 1. (dynasty) period，emperors planned the city of Beijing and arranged the residential areas according to social 2.________(class).The term “hutong”，3. (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian，appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
层级三
语篇提能练
dynastic
classes
originally
In the Ming Dynasty，the center was the Forbidden City，surrounded in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.Citizens of higher social classes were permitted to live 4. (close) to the center of the circles.The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and 5. (wealth)businessmen often featured 6.__________
(beautiful) carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).The hutongs they formed were orderly，lined by 7. (space) homes and walled gardens.Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers.Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 8. (simple) in design and decoration，and the hutongs were narrower.
closer
wealthy
beautifully
spacious
simpler/more simple
Hutongs represent an important 9. (culture) element of the city of Beijing.Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China，almost every hutong has its stories，and some are even associated with historic 10. (event).In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City and the Summer Palace，the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers.
返 回
cultural
events
语法链接写作
Part Four
写作增分亮句
1.形容词的名词化表达
某些形容词可以用“be of＋抽象名词”来表达。例如：be important＝be of importance be beneficial＝be of benefit be valuable＝be of value be helpful＝be of help be useful＝be of use
运用 (2024·上海6月)向他们解释为什么你想做饭，以及烹饪如何成为一项宝贵的生活技能将是有益的。
典例 (2024·北京)我希望我的建议对您有所帮助。期待您的文章！
I hope my advice is of some help to you.Looking forward to your article!
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It would be of benefit to explain to them why you wish to cook and how it can be a valuable life skill.
2.副词的名词化表达
某些表示情绪的副词可以用“介词＋名词”短语表达。例如：angrily＝with anger anxiously＝with anxiety curiously＝with curiosity comfortably＝in comfort peacefully＝in peace hurriedly＝in a hurry joyfully＝with joy
运用 (2023·浙江1月)上周末，我带着好奇心参加了学生会组织的“认识我们身边的植物”活动。
典例 (2022·浙江1月)亨德森博士很高兴看到我们完成的项目并满意地对我们说：“一个人可以走得很远，但一群人可以走得更远。”
Dr Henderson was very glad to see our completed project and said to us with satisfaction，“One person can go far，but a group of persons can travel farther.”
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Last weekend，I participated in a “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” activity organised by our Student Council with curiosity.
3.活用带有比较级的句型
(1)the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...
运用 (2022·全国甲)正如你们所知，参与的人越多，海洋环境就越好。
典例 (2023·全国乙)我在冰上练习得越多，我就越熟练，很快就滑得很自如了。
The more I practised skating on the ice，the more skilled I was，and I soon skated on the ice smoothly.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As you know，the more people are involved，the better the ocean environment is.
(2)“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义
运用 (2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)没有什么比老师的鼓励更重要。没有老师的鼓励，我就不可能获奖。
典例 (2022·全国乙)我认为，在英语学习中，没有比自律更重要的了。
As far as I’m concerned，nothing is more important than self-discipline in English learning.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Nothing is more important than my teacher’s encouragement.Without it，I couldn’t have won the prize.
语篇写作运用
(2025·齐鲁名师联盟诊断考试)
假定你是李华，你的朋友Gabriel将作为交换生到你的学校进行访问，请你给 Gabriel 写一封邮件表示欢迎，并邀请他参加校庆活动，内容包括：
1.表示欢迎；
2.发出邀请。
Dear Gabriel，
1. (我很高兴得知) that you will be visiting our school as an exchange student.
I would like to extend a warm welcome to you and invite you to join us in celebrating our school’s anniversary next month.The school anniversary is a significant event for us,2. (充满了各种各样的活动) such as performances，sports competitions，and cultural exhibitions.It will be a great opportunity for you to experience our school spirit and 3.___________________________________________
(了解更多关于我们的传统和文化).
I am more than delighted to hear
filled with various activities
get to know more about our traditions and culture
I’m looking forward to meeting you soon and 4.__________________
___________(带你参观我们的学校).If you have any questions or need any assistance before your arrival，please feel free to reach out to me.
Yours，
Li Hua
返 回
showing you around
our campus
