第1讲 形容词和副词
形容词和副词的基本用法及转换
1．形容词的基本用法
语法规则 例句
形容词通常作定语，主要用来修饰名词， 表示事物或人的性质和特征，也可作表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或状语等 I have to attend an important meeting this afternoon． (作定语) I know he is too optimistic but I don't want to depress him． (作表语) The room was found very dirty． (作主语补足语) Optimism makes a life happier and more meaningful．(作宾语补足语) Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days． (作状语)
单个形容词作定语一般放在名词前，形容词短语作定语一般放在名词后 It is a difficult problem． Isn't it a problem difficult to solve？
一些以 “a”为前缀的表语形容词通常放在系动词后，修饰名词时，常置于名词后。如：afraid害怕的， alone孤单的， alive活着的， alike相似的， ashamed羞愧的， awake醒着的，asleep睡着的 The baby asleep might be awake very soon．
部分形容词如：content, worth, ill, sure，well等只作表语 The book is worth reading．
形容词修饰something, anything等不定代词时，常置于其后 There is something wrong with the car．
2．副词的基本用法
语法规则 例句
副词通常作状语，主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或者整个句子，也可作表语、定语、补足语等，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等 Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers help us patiently． (作状语) The tide was out and they walked among the rock pools． (作表语) Unfortunately, I was still very clumsy behind the wheel of the jeep． (作状语)
程度副词和频度副词一般放动词前；方式副词一般放动词后；时间和地点副词一般放在句尾，先地点后时间 He often takes exercise． He speaks slowly． I met Tom here yesterday．
enough作形容词一般放在名词前，作副词修饰形容词或副词时，需置于形容词或副词之后 I have enough time． She's old enough to decide for herself．
3．形容词变副词的规则
类别 例词
一般形容词变副词直接在其后加-ly quick→quickly anxious→anxiously immediate→immediately
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的形容词要变y为i再加-ly； 以“元音发音＋y”结尾的形容词直接加-ly happy→happily healthy→healthily dry→dryly shy→shyly
去e 以“辅音字母(b，p，t)＋le”结尾的形容词要去掉e再加-y possible→possibly probable→probably
true，due，whole去e加-ly true→truly due→duly whole→wholly
以-ic结尾的形容词要在其后加-ally economic→economically basic→basically 特殊词： public→publicly
以-ll结尾的形容词要在其后加-y full→fully dull→dully
形容词和副词的比较级、最高级
1．规则变化
规则 例词
单音节词和部分双音节词一般直接加-er和-est fast→faster→fastest narrow→narrower→narrowest
以-e结尾的单音节词直接加-r和-st late→later→latest wide→wider→widest
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-est hot→hotter→hottest thin→thinner →thinnest big→bigger→biggest
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，变y为i再加-er和-est happy→happier →happiest easy→easier→easiest
其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more和most careful→more careful→most careful easily→more easily→most easily
2．不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good, well better best
bad worse worst
many, much more most
little less least
far farther(仅指时间、空间距离) farthest(仅指时间、空间距离)
further(指时间、空间距离或程度) furthest(指时间、空间距离或程度)
old older(指年龄或新旧) oldest(指年龄或新旧)
elder(指年纪较长的) eldest(指年龄最大的)
3．原级比较
语法规则 例句
①as＋形容词/副词原级＋as... ②not＋as/so＋形容词/副词原级＋as...(否定比较) ③as＋形容词原级＋as＋计量名词(表示多达、高达……) ④as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n．＋as ⑤as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as ⑥as＋much＋不可数名词＋as The river is as deep as 10 meters． A lion is just as dangerous and fierce an animal as a tiger． Henry has as many books as I have．
4．比较级
语法规则 例句
“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示 “两者中一方比另一方更……”；“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”表示 “一方不及另一方……” The book is less interesting than that one．
A＋be＋no＋比较级＋than＋B，表示“A和B一样不……” He is no richer than I．
A＋be＋not＋比较级＋than＋B，表示“A不及B……” He is not richer than I．
no more than＋数词，表示“仅仅”，not more than＋数词，表示“不超过，至多” He took no more than six books． He took not more than six books．
the＋比较级(...)，the＋比较级(...)表示“越……越……” The older I get, the more I feel time has wings．
比较级＋and＋比较级或者more and more＋多音节词/部分双音节词原级，表示“越来越……” It becomes colder and colder when winter comes．
the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词复数，表示“两者中较……的那个” Mike is the taller of the two boys．
常见的比较级的修饰语有：much, far, a little/a bit, a lot/a great deal, rather，even，still等 He is far more careful than I am．
“not/never/nothing等否定词＋形容词比较级 (＋than...)”表示最高级意义 I have never read a better book than this． (＝This is the best book I have ever read．) I can think of nothing better than a nice cold beer on a hot summer afternoon．
5．最高级
语法规则 例句
表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见结构为“the＋最高级(＋名词)＋表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示“……中最……的” This is the best film that I have ever seen．
one of the ＋最高级＋可数名词复数，表示“最……的……之一” It is one of the most original works of imagination in the language．
常见的最高级的修饰语有：位于the之前的by far, nearly, almost, by no means, really, quite等以及位于the与最高级之间的序数词等 I don't think this film is by far the most boring．
6．倍数表达
语法规则 例句
A＋谓语＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B The new building is three times higher than the old one．
A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B The new building is three times as high as the old one．
A＋谓语＋倍数＋the＋名词(size, length, height, weight, width等) ＋of＋B The new building is three times the height of the old one．
A＋谓语＋倍数＋that＋of＋B＝A＋谓语＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句 The output of this year is three times that of 2012．＝Theoutput of this year is three times what it was in 2012．
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．(2024·北京卷)And the more tools we have, the more ____________(effect) and insightful we can become．
2．The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and ____________ (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild．
3．They both fell ____________ (sleep) while watching TV．
4．When he looked down, he ____________ (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge．
5．Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ____________ (meaning)．
6．As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ____________ (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry．
7．It can help to build a community with a ____________ (share) future for mankind．
8．Blind people recognize shapes with their ____________ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of ____________ (sight) people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist．
Ⅱ．语法链接写作
1．There will be various performances，including traditional Chinese music and original pop music made by the teenagers，which will ________________________．
届时将有各种各样的表演，包括中国传统音乐和青少年原创的流行音乐，这肯定会给人留下深刻的印象。
2．________________________， Francisco asked with a red face, “Sorry, sir． What can we do to deal with the situation？”
即内疚又后悔，弗朗西斯科涨红了脸问道：“对不起，先生。我们能做些什么来处理这种情况呢？”
3．______________________________________， Eric pushed the door open and slipped into the house．
很想知道里面发生了什么，埃里克推开门，溜进了房子。
4．____________________________________________________________，and I soon skated on the ice smoothly．
我在冰上练习得越多，我就越熟练，很快就滑得很自如了。
5．________________________________ my teacher's encouragement． Without it，____________________________．
没有什么比我的老师的鼓励更重要了。没有老师的鼓励，我就不可能获奖。
Ⅲ．语法填空
(2023·浙江1月卷改编)During China's 1．____________ (dynasty) period，emperors planned the city of Beijing and arranged the residential areas according to 2．____________ (society) classes．The term “hutong”，3．____________(original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian，appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty．
In the Ming Dynasty，the center was the Forbidden City，surrounded in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City． Citizens of higher social classes were permitted to live 4．____________(close) to the center of the circles． The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and 5．____________(wealth) businessmen often featured 6．____________ (beautiful) carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子)．The hutongs they formed were orderly，lined by 7．____________(space) homes and walled gardens．Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers．Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 8．____________(simple) in design and decoration，and the hutongs were narrower．
Hutongs represent an important 9．__________(culture) element of the city of Beijing．Thanks to Beijing's long history as the capital of China，almost every hutong has its stories，and some are even associated with 10．____________ (history) events．In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City，the Summer Palace，and the Temple of Heaven，the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers．
第1讲 形容词和副词
Ⅰ．1．effective 2．eventually 3．asleep 4．accidentally
5．meaningful 6．largest 7．shared 8．existing；sighted
Ⅱ．1．definitely be impressive 2．Guilty and regretful
3．Curious to know what was happening inside 4．The more I practised skating on the ice，the more skilled I was
5．Nothing is more important than；I couldn't have won the prize
Ⅲ．1．dynastic 2．social 3．originally 4．closer 5．wealthy 6．beautifully 7．spacious 8．simpler 9．cultural 10．historic
1 / 8(共33张PPT)
第二部分
语法考点突破
词法篇
专题三 形容词、副词、名词和数词
第1讲 形容词和副词
语法精讲
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法及转换
1．形容词的基本用法
语法规则 例句
形容词通常作定语，主要用来修饰名词，表示事物或人的性质和特征，也可作表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或状语等 I have to attend an important meeting this afternoon．(作定语)
I know he is too optimistic but I don't want to depress him．(作表语)
The room was found very dirty．(作主语补足语)
Optimism makes a life happier and more meaningful．(作宾语补足
语)
Worried about the journey，I was unsettled for the first few days．(作状语)
语法规则 例句
单个形容词作定语一般放在名词前，形容词短语作定语一般放在名词后 It is a difficult problem．
Isn't it a problem difficult to solve？
一些以 “a”为前缀的表语形容词通常放在系动词后，修饰名词时，常置于名词后。如：afraid害怕的，alone孤单的，alive活着的，alike相似的，ashamed羞愧的，awake醒着的，asleep睡着的 The baby asleep might be awake very soon．
语法规则 例句
部分形容词如：content，worth，ill，sure，well等只作表语 The book is worth reading．
形容词修饰something，anything等不定代词时，常置于其后 There is something wrong with the car．
语法规则 例句
副词通常作状语，主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或者整个句子，也可作表语、定语、补足语等，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等 Whenever we have trouble with our studies，our teachers help us patiently．(作状语)
The tide was out and they walked among the rock pools．(作表语)
Unfortunately，I was still very clumsy behind the wheel of the jeep．(作状语)
2．副词的基本用法
语法规则 例句
程度副词和频度副词一般放动词前；方式副词一般放动词后；时间和地点副词一般放在句尾，先地点后时间 He often takes exercise．
He speaks slowly．
I met Tom here yesterday．
enough作形容词一般放在名词前，作副词修饰形容词或副词时，需置于形容词或副词之后 I have enough time．
She's old enough to decide for herself．
3．形容词变副词的规则
类别 例词
一般形容词变副词直接在其后加-ly quick→quickly
anxious→anxiously
immediate→immediately
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的形容词要变y为i再加-ly； 以“元音发音＋y”结尾的形容词直接加-ly happy→happily
healthy→healthily
dry→dryly
shy→shyly
类别 例词
去 e 以“辅音字母(b，p，t)＋le”结尾的形容词要去掉e再加-y possible→possibly
probable→probably
true，due，whole去e加-ly true→truly
due→duly
whole→wholly
类别 例词
以-ic结尾的形容词要在其后加-ally economic→economically
basic→basically
特殊词：public→publicly
以-ll结尾的形容词要在其后加-y full→fully
dull→dully
考点二 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级
1．规则变化
规则 例词
单音节词和部分双音节词一般直接加-er和-est fast→faster→fastest
narrow→narrower→narrowest
以-e结尾的单音节词直接加-r和-st late→later→latest
wide→wider→widest
规则 例词
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-est hot→hotter→hottest
thin→thinner→thinnest
big→bigger→biggest
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，变y为i再加-er和-est happy→happier→happiest
easy→easier→easiest
其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more和most careful→more careful→most careful
easily→more easily→most easily
2．不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good，well better best
bad worse worst
many，much more most
little less least
原级 比较级 最高级
far farther(仅指时间、空间距离) farthest(仅指时间、空间距离)
further(指时间、空间距离或程度) furthest(指时间、空间距离或程度)
old older(指年龄或新旧) oldest(指年龄或新旧)
elder(指年纪较长的) eldest(指年龄最大的)
3．原级比较
语法规则 例句
①as＋形容词/副词原级＋as... ②not＋as/so＋形容词/副词原级＋as...(否定比较) ③as＋形容词原级＋as＋计量名词(表示多达、高达……) ④as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n．＋as ⑤as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as ⑥as＋much＋不可数名词＋as The river is as deep as 10 meters．
A lion is just as dangerous and fierce an animal as a tiger．
Henry has as many books as I have．
4．比较级
语法规则 例句
“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示 “两者中一方比另一方更……”；“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”表示 “一方不及另一方……” The book is less interesting than that one．
语法规则 例句
A＋be＋no＋比较级＋than＋B，表示“A和B一样不……” He is no richer than I．
A＋be＋not＋比较级＋than＋B，表示“A不及B……” He is not richer than I．
no more than＋数词，表示“仅仅”，not more than＋数词，表示“不超过，至多” He took no more than six books．
He took not more than six books．
语法规则 例句
the＋比较级(...)，the＋比较级(...)表示“越……越……” The older I get，the more I feel time has wings．
比较级＋and＋比较级或者more and more＋多音节词/部分双音节词原级，表示“越来越……” It becomes colder and colder when winter comes．
语法规则 例句
the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词复数，表示“两者中较……的那个” Mike is the taller of the two boys．
常见的比较级的修饰语有：much，far，a little/a bit，a lot/a great deal，rather，even，still等 He is far more careful than I am．
语法规则 例句
“not/never/nothing等否定词＋形容词比较级 (＋than...)”表示最高级意义 I have never read a better book than this．(＝This is the best book I have ever read．)
I can think of nothing better than a nice cold beer on a hot summer afternoon．
5．最高级
语法规则 例句
表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见结构为“the＋最高级(＋名词)＋表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示“……中最……的” This is the best film that I have ever seen．
one of the ＋最高级＋可数名词复数，表示“最……的……之一” It is one of the most original works of imagination in the language．
语法规则 例句
常见的最高级的修饰语有：位于the之前的by far，nearly，almost，by no means，really，quite等以及位于the与最高级之间的序数词等 I don't think this film is by far the most boring．
6．倍数表达
语法规则 例句
A＋谓语＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B The new building is three times higher than the old one．
A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B The new building is three times as high as the old one．
A＋谓语＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height，weight，width等) ＋of＋B The new building is three times the height of the old one．
语法规则 例句
A＋谓语＋倍数＋that＋of＋B ＝A＋谓语＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句 The output of this year is three times that of 2012．＝The output of this year is three times what it was in 2012．
达标演练
1．(2024·北京卷)And the more tools we have，the more __________
(effect) and insightful we can become．
2．The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas，and __________ (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild．
3．They both fell ______ (sleep) while watching TV．
effective
eventually
asleep
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
4．When he looked down，he ____________ (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge．
5．Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___________ (meaning)．
6．As a main promoter of the International Tea Day，the birthplace of tea and the _______ (large) tea-producing country，China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry．
accidentally
meaningful
largest
7．It can help to build a community with a ______ (share) future for mankind．
8．Blind people recognize shapes with their ________ (exist) senses，in a way similar to that of _______ (sight) people，says Ella Striem-Amit，a Harvard scientist．
shared
existing
sighted
Ⅱ．语法链接写作
1．There will be various performances，including traditional Chinese music and original pop music made by the teenagers，which will _______________________．
届时将有各种各样的表演，包括中国传统音乐和青少年原创的流行音乐，这肯定会给人留下深刻的印象。
definitely be impressive
2．_____________________，Francisco asked with a red face，“Sorry，sir．What can we do to deal with the situation？”
即内疚又后悔，弗朗西斯科涨红了脸问道：“对不起，先生。我们能做些什么来处理这种情况呢？”
3．_______________________________________，Eric pushed the door open and slipped into the house．
很想知道里面发生了什么，埃里克推开门，溜进了房子。
Guilty and regretful
Curious to know what was happening inside
4．_____________________________________________________，and I soon skated on the ice smoothly．
我在冰上练习得越多，我就越熟练，很快就滑得很自如了。
5．_____________________________ my teacher's encouragement．
Without it，___________________________．
没有什么比我的老师的鼓励更重要了。没有老师的鼓励，我就不可能获奖。
The more I practised skating on the ice，the more skilled I was
Nothing is more important than
I couldn't have won the prize
Ⅲ．语法填空
(2023·浙江1月卷改编)During China's 1．________ (dynasty) period，emperors planned the city of Beijing and arranged the residential areas according to 2．______ (society) classes．The term “hutong”，3．__________(original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian，appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty．
dynastic
social
originally
In the Ming Dynasty，the center was the Forbidden City，surrounded in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City．Citizens of higher social classes were permitted to live 4．______(close) to the center of the circles．The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and 5．________(wealth) businessmen often featured 6．___________ (beautiful) carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子)．The hutongs they formed were orderly，lined by 7．________(space) homes and walled gardens．Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers．Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 8．________(simple) in design and decoration，and the hutongs were narrower．
closer
wealthy
beautifully
spacious
simpler
Hutongs represent an important 9．________(culture) element of the city of Beijing．Thanks to Beijing's long history as the capital of China，almost every hutong has its stories，and some are even associated with 10．________ (history) events．In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City，the Summer Palace，and the Temple of Heaven，the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers．
cultural
historic
谢 谢！
