UNIT 5 Revealing nature
阅读理解
A
（2025·海口开学考试）Busy streets， loud noises， and grey buildings can make city life exhausting and boring.Finding a solution to these issues might be possible by turning to nature， which can help us feel calm and refreshed.
Adding plants or colorful designs may make cities more enjoyable to live in.However， growing plants or covering buildings in paint to test these approaches is costly and inconvenient.Moreover， studying these phenomena outdoors can be tricky， as many factors can affect the final results.“Measuring pleasure and motivation in natural settings is extremely hard，” explained Prof.Yvonne Delevoye.“Human reactions are sensitive to environmental changes， such as weather or traffic.Consequently， we used virtual reality to measure reactions to these factors in a virtual urban space.”
The group used virtual reality to make a city setting that felt real.They made two versions： one with no plants， and another with some green plants.They also introduced colorful patterns onto a path.Then they invited students to participate in the study.Wearing a VR headset and walking on the spot， the students spent time exploring the virtual environment.To find out where the volunteers were looking and for how long， each headset included an eye tracker.
The researchers found that the students walked more slowly when there was green plants present in the experiment， and their heart rate increased.They would spend less time looking at the ground and more time observing their surroundings.These results indicate a pleasurable experience.Bright color patterns alone did not have quite the same uplifting effect as the green plants， but they inspired interest and passion of the students and attracted their stare while increasing their heart rate.
Virtual reality might be a useful resource for urban planners， allowing them to experiment with different elements in a virtual environment.In the future， the researchers aim to improve the VR experience to get even better and more precise outcomes.
1.What was the primary reason for using virtual reality in the study？（ ）
A.To measure reactions without environmental influence.
B.To prove the superiority of technology over nature.
C.To demonstrate the inconvenience of urban life.
D.To create an entertaining game for students.
2.How did the participants interact with the virtual environment in the study？（ ）
A.By walking around a real city. B.By wearing a headset and walking on site.
C.By making use of an eye tracker. D.By observing through a screen without moving.
3.What does the underlined word “uplifting” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean？（ ）
A.Interesting. B.Limiting.
C.Powerful. D.Cheerful.
4.What potential benefit of virtual reality is mentioned for urban planning？（ ）
A.Helping cities avoid using real plants in urban space.
B.Predicting future urban challenges with precise results.
C.Reducing the costs of urban development significantly.
D.Providing a platform for testing various urban elements.
B
（2025·扬州阶段练习）Human-led deforestation is linked to less rain in tropical rainforests， according to a new study.
Robust （强健的） forests help produce rainfall in a process called moisture recycling.Essentially， trees absorb rainwater and release its moisture back into the atmosphere， contributing to cloud formation and， consequently， more rain.In regions downwind of the Amazon， for example， up to 70 per cent of rain could come from the forest-driven cloud formation.This means that when the region is deforested， downwind areas face drier， harsher climates.
The researchers examined precipitation （降水量） and deforestation patterns in the Amazon rainforest， Congo Basin and Southeast Asia， which hosts the Leuser Ecosystem， a forested area of Indonesia.Using satellite data from 2003 to 2017， they identified significant drops in average rainfall in each of these regions.The impacts were visible even at small scales， but the most dramatic changes could be seen over wide areas： At the scale of about 15，500 square miles， scientists found that rainfall decreased 0.25 millimeters per month for every percentage point of forest loss.
Experts warn the Amazon is approaching a “tipping point” that will result in drier conditions， turning its leafy vegetation into a savanna （稀树草原）.The rainforest has been nicknamed the “lungs of the planet” for the way it sucks up vast amounts CO2 each year.“The Amazon is important for everyone in the world.When humanity faces problems in the future that we don’t even imagine now， the solutions can come from the Amazon.But once we deforest， we’ll lose one of our greatest natural defenses in protecting ourselves from climate change，” says Robin Averbeck， forest program director at the Rainforest Action Network.
However， efforts to stop deforestation are complex.In the Congo Basin， for example， much of the forest loss is due to poor， small-scale farmers trying to survive.Frances Seymour， senior fellow at the non-profit World Resources Institute， says it’s important to distinguish corporations and governments engaging in deforestation practices from local communities who are trying to make a living.And apparently， compared with the idea that forests should be conserved to store carbon， the immediate effects of forest conservation on hydrology （水文） are more alluring to those who live near the trees.
5.What can we learn from Paragraph 2？ （ ）
A.The biggest cause of deforestation. B.The way forests react to climate change.
C.The reason why deforestation affects rainfall. D.The key factor that influences cloud formation.
6.How did the researchers carry out the study？（ ）
A.By doing experiments. B.By analyzing previous data.
C.By measuring the areas of some forests. D.By collecting information about climate change.
7.What can we learn from Robin Averbeck’s words in the last but one paragraph？（ ）
A.There are many problems to be solved in the Amazon.
B.The destruction of the Amazon rainforest hit a new record.
C.Climate change could cause problems we can’t imagine now.
D.The Amazon can act as an important safeguard for the world.
8.What does the underlined word “alluring” in the last paragraph probably mean？（ ）
A.Appealing. B.Interesting.
C.Surprising. D.Inspiring.
UNIT 5 Revealing nature
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究结果表明，绿色植被和明亮的色彩图案可以提高人们的情绪和兴趣。 1.A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Human reactions are sensitive ...a virtual urban space.可知，在研究中使用虚拟现实的主要原因是测量不受环境影响的反应。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Wearing a VR headset and ...the virtual environment.可知，参与者是通过戴耳麦和在现场走动来与虚拟环境进行互动的。
3.D 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文可知，研究结果表明，环境当中的绿色植被让人们感到愉快。画线词所在句说明明亮的色彩图案本身并没有绿色植被那样的效果。由此可推知，画线词uplifting的含义为“使人愉快的”，和cheerful意思相近。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，虚拟现实为城市规划提供了一个测试各种城市元素的平台。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，人为导致的森林砍伐与热带雨林的降雨减少有关。5.C 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，雨水产生是因为树木吸收雨水并释放回大气，如果森林被砍伐，顺风区面临更干燥、炎热的天气，所以第二段说明的是砍伐森林会影响降雨的原因。
6.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Using satellite data from 2003 to 2017可知，是通过研究之前的数据来进行研究的。
7.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Robin Averbeck说的The Amazon is important for everyone in the world.可知，亚马孙雨林对全世界都有重要的保护作用。
8.A 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的Frances Seymour， senior fellow ...trying to make a living.可知，此处指的是与森林保护对水文的直接影响更吸引住在树木附近的人。所以alluring指的是“有吸引力的”，和appealing意思相近。
2 / 2Part Ⅰ 一维重点突破
When my uncle was young， he answered the call and （go） to that distant island with his classmates.He took some books as well as some seeds with him.On （arrive） at the beautiful island， he became interested in the plants which were native to the island.He often observed them in his spare time.Later， most of his classmates returned to the city， while my uncle chose （stay） on that island.My grandfather was so angry that he blamed him many times on the phone.However， my uncle didn’t change his mind.My grandfather considered him to be a disgrace the whole family and even wanted to drive him away. 微技能热身 1.①处作并列谓语，应填 。 2.②处为固定句型，应填 。 3.③处为非谓语动词作宾语，应填 。 4.④处应填 。
distant adj. 遥远的；远处的；远亲的；疏远的；冷淡的
【练通】 补全句子
①I detected that the other students always （与我保持距离） and I felt like floating in the clouds of darkness.
【写美】 微写作
②你也可以参观城市博物馆，它就在你住的酒店的步行距离之内。 （建议信）
You can also visit the city museum， .
【归纳】
（1）be distant from 离……遥远；与……不同
be distant to/towards sb 对某人冷淡
（2）distance n. 距离；远方；疏远
in the distance 在远处
from a distance 从远处
keep sb at a distance 对某人冷淡；同某人保持距离
keep one’s distance from ... 与……保持距离；疏远……
blame v. 责怪，指责；把……归咎于 n. 指责；责备
【练通】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth’s sixth mass extinction.This time， human activity will be （blame）.
②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning， and （将责任归咎于闹钟）.
【写美】 微写作
③与他人相处时，我们不应该总是因错误责怪别人。 （建议信）
When getting along with others， we .
【归纳】
（1）blame sb for ... 因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人
blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame （for sth） 承担责任；该受责备
（2）take the blame for ... 为……承担责任
put/lay the blame for sth on sb 把某事的责任推到某人身上
【点津】 be to blame不能用于被动语态，该短语用主动语态表示被动意义。
Honestly speaking， Professor Smith is to blame for the conflict.
诚实地说，史密斯教授应该为这次冲突负有责任。
drive ...away 赶走，使离去；驱车离开
【练通】 补全句子
① （让我发疯的） was that my mother determined to （把我可爱的宠物狗赶走）.
【写美】 微写作
②（2023·1月浙江卷） 好奇心驱使我向废弃的房间里窥视，却发现一只蜂鸟被困在蜘蛛网里。
Curiosity ， only to find that a hummingbird was trapped in spiderwebs.
【归纳】
drive off 驾车离去；击退；赶走
drive on 驱车继续行驶
drive sb crazy/mad 使某人发疯
drive sb to do sth 驱使某人做某事
drive sb/sth out of ... 驱散，消除，使停止
drive sth up/down 抬高/压低；使上升/下跌
【佳句】 We should drive fear out of our minds when facing difficulties.Only in this way can we face challenges bravely. （发言稿）
在面对困难时，我们应该驱散心中的恐惧。只有这样，我们才能勇敢地面对挑战。
My uncle worked hard in the day time. his free time， he went on studying the characteristics of those plants.He was said （place） some samples in his bedroom.Just at that time he began to think about how they evolved from their ancestors.Although no income （generate） from his study， he was crazy about it.He often used some primitive methods to carry out his experiments， （detect） how the seeds grew into some tall plants.There was a time when the number of those plants was on the decline.He managed to find out the reason and came up with a new way to solve the problem.Later， he achieved a lot in this field.Many people had suspected him of his talent， he succeeded！ 微技能热身 1.①处应填 ，构成固定短语。 2.②处为固定句型，应填 。 3.③处作谓语， income与generate之间为被动关系，应填 。 4.④处作伴随状语，应填 。 5.⑤处应填 ，上下文之间为 关系。
句型公式：sb/sth be said to have done ...“据说某人/某物已经做了……”
【教材原句】 Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India.
据说，亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度见过这样的一棵树。
【写美】 句型转换/微写作
①It’s said that most freshmen are confused by the sudden change of their environment and don’t know how to deal with it.
→Most freshmen by the sudden change of their environment， not knowing how to deal with it.
②据说中国在高铁技术上取得了令人瞩目的成就。
in high-speed rail technology.
【归纳】
（1）sb/sth＋be＋
过去分词＋
（2）用于本句型的动词还有think， believe， expect， report， consider， suppose等。
【佳句】 （2023·全国甲卷） Zheng He’s voyages were said to have opened up a new era of international trade and cultural exchange between China and the rest of the world.
据说郑和下西洋开启了中国与世界其他地区国际贸易和文化交流的新时代。
decline v. 减少；衰退；谢绝 n. 减少；下降；衰退
【练通】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①We asked the famous writer to give a lecture in our school， but he declined （come） due to his tight schedule.
②So far， the number of students majoring in the humanities （已经减少了大约一半）.
【写美】 微写作
③由于污染严重，动物的种类现在正在减少。 （投稿）
Due to serious pollution， the species of animals .
【归纳】
（1）decline to do sth 拒绝做某事
（2）in decline 在下降
on the decline 在下降
a sharp decline in ... 在……方面的急剧下降
【佳句】 I thanked them but declined， for I didn’t want to trouble them. （情感描写）
我谢过他们，但谢绝了，因为我不想麻烦他们。
【点津】 表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词by，后面常跟百分数；表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to，后面常跟具体数字。
Part Ⅱ 二维微点练全
维度一 阅读词汇清障——一词多义/熟词生义
1.distant
A.adj.遥远的 B.adj.远亲的；远房的
C.adj.冷淡的；疏远的
（1）（2022·全国甲卷）However， after I went to high school， somehow I became distant from him.
（2）As I have mentioned， devoting my energy to teaching in the distant village is my desire after I graduate from college.
（3）It was only after a family conversation that I found out she was actually my distant cousin.
2.词义猜测
He was without question one of the giants of Japanese literature.
维度二 写作词汇夯实——词形转换/动词形式变化/固定搭配
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.（2022·全国乙卷）Long-lasting friendships share the （character） that both sides equally contact （联系） and share with one another.
2.（天津卷）Both adults and youngsters aged 13＋ are required to deliver our newspaper.You may have to cover some （distant）.
3.By the time he died in 2016， Ali had been recognized as one of the greatest boxers all time.
4.The Double Ninth Festival dating back a long time ago is the day for the elderly in our culture.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1.It’s up to you to decide whether to （执行这个计划） or not. （告知信）
2.The good thing about children is that （他们很容易适应新环境）. （告知信）
3.The panda （中国的本土动物）， which likes eating bamboos very much. （投稿）
4.On each Friday afternoon， we would gather in the school library to discuss （各种话题）， ranging from current events to philosophical debates.
Part Ⅲ 三维写作提能
告知信——告知喜欢的讲座话题和内容
假定你是李华，英国友好学校将派教师来你校参加为期一周的暑期交流活动。活动期间，英方教师Chris将做一些关于动物保护方面的讲座。现就讲座内容征求你校学生的意见。请根据以下提示给Chris写一封电子邮件：
1.喜欢的讲座话题；
2.选择该话题的原因及关于该话题你感兴趣的内容；
3.希望从中有何收获。
第一步 练单句——词句优美，吸引眼球
1.我们希望你能讨论保护那些原产于中国遥远森林中的濒危物种。（be native to）
2.我们想要响应保护大熊猫、金丝猴和藏羚羊的号召。（answer the call）
3.如果它们消失了，那将是一种耻辱。（disgrace）
4.我们选择这个话题的原因是，中国有多种多样的动物与我们的自然遗产紧密相连。（a variety of）
5.如果可能的话，我们希望能更多地了解保护动物的方法以及保护它们的重要性。（不定式作定语）
第二步 组语篇——文从字顺，赏心悦目
Dear Chris，
We look forward to your animal conservation lectures next week.
Thank you for taking our suggestion into consideration.We look forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours，
Li Hua
厚积薄发，下笔有神
亮词 情感描写： disgrace
心理描写： suspect
动作描写： decline， blame， detect， generate， link， answer the call， evolve
美句 ①More surprisingly， plants also use sound to communicate. （情感描写） ②Most surprisingly of all， plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest.（情感描写）
动作描写之“跑、走、冲”
词汇 美句
单词 动词：run， dash， rush， storm， burst， approach， stroll， pace The moment I got off the plane， I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought. （动作描写） 我一下飞机，就疯狂地跑过机场大楼，毫不犹豫地跳上了排队的第一辆出租车。
短语 ①steal/slide into 悄悄溜进，偷偷进入 ②dash/rush for 冲向 ③burst into 冲进 ④head for/towards 朝……前进/移动 ⑤march off 离开，匆匆离去
情境导语 他突然意识到自己所处的危险，心跳加速，汗水不断从额头上流下来。他感到自己已经陷入了绝境，不知道该怎么才能脱离这个危险的境地……
第一步 完成句子
1.他不再犹豫，下了卡车，飞快地朝大楼跑去。
No longer hesitating， he got off the truck and .
2.他从后门溜进大楼，希望没人注意到他。
He .（简单句＋动词-ing形式作状语）
3.一个保安走过来，礼貌地问他和谁有预约。
A security guard .（简单句＋宾语从句）
4.一句话未说，他向出口冲去，惊恐地逃走了。
Without a word， he .（简单句）
5.他飞奔回家，冲进卧室。
， he burst into the bedroom.（动词-ing形式作状语）
6.他开始皱着眉头在房间里走来走去。
He started .（with复合结构）
第二步 连句成文
UNIT 5 Revealing nature
【考点·多维突破】
Part Ⅰ
考点新语境（一）
[微技能热身] 1.went 2.arriving 3.to stay 4.to
1.①kept their distance from me/kept me at a distance
②which is within walking distance of the hotel where you stay
2.①to blame ②put/lay the blame on the alarm clock
③shouldn’t always blame others for mistakes
3.①What drove me crazy/mad； drive my lovely pet dog away ②drove me to peer into the deserted room
考点新语境（二）
[微技能热身] 1.In 2.to have placed 3.was generated
4.detecting 5.but 转折
4.①are said to be confused
②China is said to have made remarkable achievements
5.①to come ②has declined by about half
③are now on the decline/in decline
Part Ⅱ
维度一
1.（1）C （2）A （3）B
2.n.卓越人物
维度二
Ⅰ.1.characteristic 2.distance 3.of 4.to
Ⅱ.1.carry out this plan
2.they adapt very easily to new environments
3.is native to China
4.a variety of topics
Part Ⅲ
应用文写作增分练
第一步
1.We hope you can discuss protecting endangered species that are native to distant forests in China.
2.We want to answer the call to protect giant pandas， golden monkeys， and Tibetan antelopes.
3.It would be a disgrace if they disappeared.
4.The reason why we chose this topic is that China has a variety of animals closely linked to our natural heritage.
5.If we can， we hope to learn more about the ways to protect animals and the importance of protecting them.
第二步
Dear Chris，
We look forward to your animal conservation lectures next week.We hope you can discuss protecting endangered species that are native to distant forests in China.We want to answer the call to protect giant pandas， golden monkeys， and Tibetan antelopes.It would be a disgrace if they disappeared.The reason why we chose this topic is that China has a variety of animals closely linked to our natural heritage.If we can， we hope to learn more about the ways to protect animals and the importance of protecting them.
Thank you for taking our suggestion into consideration.We look forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours，
Li Hua
读后续写微技能
第一步
1.ran quickly towards the building
2.stole/slid into the building from the back door， hoping no one would notice him
3.approached and asked politely whom he had made an appointment with
4.dashed/rushed for the exit， and escaped in great panic
5.Racing home
6.walking up and down in the room with a frown on his face
第二步
No longer hesitating， he got off the truck and ran quickly towards the building.He stole/slid into the building from the back door， hoping no one would notice him.However， a security guard approached and asked politely whom he had made an appointment with.Without a word， he dashed/rushed for the exit， and escaped in great panic.Racing home， he burst into the bedroom.Then he started walking up and down in the room with a frown on his face.(共97张PPT)
UNIT 5 Revealing nature
高中总复习·英语 (外研版)
01
晨背
积累沉淀
02
基础
夯实过关
03
考点
多维突破
Part Ⅰ 一维重点突破
Part Ⅱ 二维微点练全
Part Ⅲ 三维写作提能
04
技能
锤炼提升
1
晨背·积累沉淀
高效用时，积少成多
写作词汇运用
词块记忆
1. generate a lot of jobs 创造大量就业机会
2. be spreading worldwide at an alarming rate正在以惊人的速度在全球
传播
3. sow the seeds 播种
4. concentrate on the chocolate samples among the biscuits
把注意力集中在饼干中的巧克力样品上
5. ancient Greek myths 古希腊神话
6. about three centimetres deep 约三厘米深
7. ①a rapid decline 迅速下降
②declined by 10% last year 去年减少了10%
8. ①provide a vital link between generations
在代与代之间起到了重要的纽带作用
②be closely linked to 与……紧密相关
语境记忆
9. root n.根 v.扎根于
Over time， I was amazed by the ancient Chinese culture behind tai chi，
deeply rooted in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang.
随着时间的推移，我被太极背后深深植根于中国阴阳哲学的古老中国
文化所震撼。 （告知信）
10. characteristic n.特征，特性
Learning that you want to buy some gifts with Chinese characteristics for
your family， I’m writing to offer some advice.
得知你想为你的家人买一些带有中国特征的礼物，我写信提供一些建
议。 （推荐信）
11. blame v.责怪，指责；把……归咎于 n.责任；责备；指责
①This famous quote from J. Burroughs conveys that when faced with
failure， we should reflect on ourselves instead of putting the blame on
others.
J·巴勒斯的这句名言告诉我们，当我们面对失败时，应该反思自
己，而不是责怪别人。 （投稿）
②They blamed it on the teacher rather than themselves， which resulted
in even poorer performance.
他们把责任归咎于老师而不是他们自己，结果导致了更差的成绩。
（投稿）
阅读词汇明义
快速一览
1. disgrace n.丢脸，耻辱
2. finch n.雀科鸣禽
3. beak n.鸟嘴，喙
4. tortoise n.陆龟
5. goat n.山羊
6. comb-like adj.梳状的
7. spine n.（动植物的）刺，刺毛
8. wasp n.黄蜂
9. chilli n.辣椒
10. fungus n.真菌（复数fungi）
11. fungal adj.真菌的
12. cybercrime n.网络犯罪
教材例句
13. （译林选必三） Some of Canada’s earliest settlers， who are
thought to be ancestors of the indigenous peoples， crossed the Bering
Strait by means of a land bridge from a place now known as Siberia. n.
（动物的）原种，祖先
14. （人教选必一） Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have
been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. n.
杀虫剂，农药
派生词汇识记
1. distant adj.遥远的→distance n.距离
2. geologist n.地质学家→geography n.地理
3. evolve v.进化→evolution n.进化（论）
4. detect v.发现，察觉（尤指不易觉察到的事物）→detection n.发
现，察觉；侦察→detective n.侦探，警探
5. suspect v.猜想，怀疑，觉得→suspicious adj.怀疑的；可疑的
1.字母组合ee发/i /音
单词归类记忆 ①seed n.种子，籽 ②cheese n.奶酪 ③succeed v.成功 ④weep v.哭泣，流泪 n.哭泣，落泪 2.“增加”“减少”对对碰 ①增加：rise， increase，
accumulate，expand， add， go up， on the increase ②减少：fall， reduce， decrease， decline，lessen， go down， on the decrease， on the decline 3.“in＋名词”短语
荟萃
①in question讨论（议
论）中的
②in order 按顺序
③in turn 依次，轮流
④in return 作为回报
第一组
1. date back to 追溯到
2. be a disgrace 是耻辱，是丢脸的事
3. answer the call 响应号召
4. of all time 有史以来
5. in question 讨论（议论）中的
6. be crowded with 挤满
7. come to exist 产生
8. adapt to 适应
9. a variety of 各种各样的，种类繁多的
10. be native to 源于……的，原产于……
11. be home to 是……的栖息地/家乡
第二组
12. by contrast 相比之下；与之相比
13. so far 到目前为止
14. carry out 完成（任务）；执行；实施
15. drive ...away 赶走，使离去
16. first choice 第一选择，首选
17. living things 生物
18. over time 随着时间的流逝
19. in isolation 单独地；孤立地
20. organic matter 有机物质
21. immune system 免疫系统
22. get attacked 受到攻击
1. 句式：so ...that ...引导结果状语从句
原句：But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing that more and
more people started to believe his theory.
然而达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，越来越多的人开始接受他的
理论。
2. 句式：Sb/Sth be said to do据说……（可转换为It＋be＋said
that ...）
原句：Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited
such a tree in India.
据说亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度见过一棵这样的树。
3. 句式：动词-ing短语作状语
原句：Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water，
indicating drought is arriving.
还有些树木在水分不足时会发出咔嗒声，以示干旱就要来了。
It is a disgrace that we have caused so much damage to our planet，
and we must take responsibility for it.We cannot blame anyone else but
ourselves for the state of our environment.
As a geologist， I have seen many samples of rocks and minerals that
have been affected by human activities.Some of them have unique
characteristics that can only be found in specific environments， but they
are now in decline or even extinct because of human actions.
It is not just the responsibility of governments and organizations， but
also every individual worldwide.We must raise awareness about the link
between human activities and environmental pollution， and encourage
others to join us in this cause.
In conclusion， let us answer the call to protect our planet and
restore its ecosystems.Let us work together to create a better future for
ourselves and generations to come.
2
基础·夯实过关
默写查验，巧学活用
（一）分类识记单词——用时少·功效快
阅读单词知意
请在没有记牢的单词前的方框内画“√”，以便下次着重记忆。
□1.disgrace n.丢脸，耻辱
□2.finch n.雀科鸣禽
□3.beak n.鸟嘴，喙
□4.ancestor n.（动物的）原种，祖先
□5.tortoise n.陆龟
□6.goat n.山羊
□7.primitive adj.原始的，低等的
□8.comb-like adj.梳状的
□9.spine n.（动植物的）刺，刺毛
□10.pesticide n.杀虫剂，农药
□11.wasp n.黄蜂
□12.chilli n.辣椒
□13.fungus n.真菌（复数fungi）
□14.fungal adj.真菌的
□15.cybercrime n.网络犯罪
核心单词练通
1. n.种子，籽
2. n.样本
3. v.产生，创造
4. adv.遍及全世界
5. adj.巨大的，特大的
6. n.（古代的）神话
7. n.根
8. n.厘米
seed
sample
generate
worldwide
giant
myth
root
centimetre
9. （怀疑） the traveler of carrying prohibited items，
the customs official stopped him and went through his suitcase.
10. Television news has three significant （特征）
that determine its influence on the audience.
11. It is encouraging to read that the water pollution in the community
is （下降）.
12. To avoid punishment， he lied and （责怪） the
accident on his friend.
13. Yellow is （连接） with confidence， self-respect and
friendliness.
Suspecting
characteristics
declining
blamed
linked
拓展单词用活
1. n.地质学家→ n.地理
2. n.特征，特性→ n.性格；特
性；角色
3. v.发现，察觉（尤指不易觉察到的事物）
→ n.发现，察觉；侦查→ n.侦探；警探
4. v.猜想，怀疑，觉得→ adj.怀疑的；可
疑的
geologist
geography
characteristic
character
detect
detection
detective
suspect
suspicious
5. The life of a kid living in a big city is utterly （distance）
from that of a kid living in a small village.
6. Through a process of ， species have adapted to their
environments and over millions of years.（evolve）
7. The （legend） Dragon Gate was built using materials
donated from China.
distant
evolution
evolved
legendary
（二）集中识记短语——不枯燥·求实效
先 写 对
第 一 组 1. 追溯到
2. 是耻辱，是丢脸的事
3. 响应号召
4. 有史以来
5. 讨论（议论）中的
6. 挤满
7. 产生
8. 适应
date back to
be a disgrace
answer the call
of all time
in question
be crowded with
come to exist
adapt to
adapt to
再 用 准
1.It shocks us that the man has made a contribution to the abstract art.
2.I think the most useful invention is Internet.
3.It that children should behave like that and their parents are to blame.
4.Before the Spring Festival， many shops hoppers.
5.To tell you the truth， the suggestions above can help
you your new school quickly.
in question
of all time
is a disgrace
are crowded
with
先 写 对
第 二 组 1. 各种各样
的，种类繁多的
2. 源于……的，
原产于……
3. 是……的栖息
地/家乡
4. 相比之下；与
之相比
5. 到目前为止
6. 完成（任务）；
执行；实施
7. 赶走，使离
去；驱车离开
a variety of
be native to
be home to
by contrast
so far
carry out
drive ...away
再 用 准
1.His confident words have cleared up our doubts about how the plan will be .
2. ， people with a diet high in processed food had a 58% higher risk of depression than those who ate natural food.
3.As we all know， the panda， which is loved by people worldwide， China.
carried out
By contrast
is native to
（三）仿写活用句式——造佳句·表达高
句型公式 句式仿写
1.句型公式：so ...that
引导结果状语从句 教材原句：But
Darwin’s scientific
studies were so convincing
that more and more people
started to believe his
theory. 1.你们如此善良、体贴，无论你们在哪
儿，我们都希望成为你们的朋友。
（告知信）
You are we
hope to be friends with you no matter where
you are.
so kind and considerate that
句型公式 句式仿写
2.句型公式：sb/sth be said to have done“据说某人/某物已经做了……”，可转换为It＋
be＋said that ... 教材原句：Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India. 2.据说前几天她写了一份关于野生动物保
护的报告。 （告知信）
She a report
about wildlife protection the other day.
is said to have written
句型公式 句式仿写
3.句型公式：动词-ing短
语作状语 教材原句：Some trees
make clicking noises when
there is not enough
water， indicating
drought is arriving. 3.做完作业后，我慢慢地站起来，伸了伸
腰，累得打了个哈欠就上床睡觉了。
（动作链描写）
After finishing my homework， I stood up
slowly， stretched my back a little and went
to bed， .
yawning with tiredness
3
考点·多维突破
精讲精练，突破重难
Part Ⅰ 一维重点突破
When my uncle was young， he answered the call and
（go） to that distant island with his classmates.He took some books as
well as some seeds with him.On （arrive） at the beautiful
island， he became interested in the plants which were native to the
island.He often observed them in his spare time.Later， most of his
classmates returned to the city， while my uncle chose （stay）
on that island.My grandfather was so angry that he blamed him many
times on the phone.However， my uncle didn’t change his mind.My
grandfather considered him to be a disgrace the whole family
and even wanted to drive him away.
微技能热身
1. ①处作并列谓语，应填 。
2. ②处为固定句型，应填 。
3. ③处为非谓语动词作宾语，应填 。
4. ④处应填 。
went
arriving
to stay
to
distant adj.遥远的；远处的；远亲的；疏远的；冷淡的
【练通】 补全句子
①I detected that the other students always
（与我保持距离） and I felt like floating in
the clouds of darkness.
kept their distance from
me/kept me at a distance
【写美】 微写作
②你也可以参观城市博物馆，它就在你住的酒店的步行距离之内。
（建议信）
You can also visit the city museum，
.
which is within walking distance
of the hotel where you stay
【归纳】
（1）be distant from 离……遥远；与……不同
be distant to/towards sb 对某人冷淡
（2）distance n. 距离；远方；疏远
in the distance 在远处
from a distance 从远处
keep sb at a distance 对某人冷淡；同某人保持距离
keep one’s distance from ... 与……保持距离；疏远……
blame v.责怪，指责；把……归咎于 n.指责；责备
【练通】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth’s sixth mass
extinction.This time， human activity will be （blame）.
②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning， and
（将责任归咎于闹钟）.
to blame
put/lay the
blame on the alarm clock
【写美】 微写作
③与他人相处时，我们不应该总是因错误责怪别人。 （建议信）
When getting along with others， we
.
shouldn’t always blame others
for mistakes
【归纳】
（1）blame sb for ... 因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人
blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame （for sth） 承担责任；该受责备
（2）take the blame for ... 为……承担责任
put/lay the blame for sth on sb 把某事的责任推到某人身上
【点津】 be to blame不能用于被动语态，该短语用主动语态表示被动
意义。
Honestly speaking， Professor Smith is to blame for the conflict.诚实地
说，史密斯教授应该为这次冲突负有责任。
drive ...away 赶走，使离去；驱车离开
【练通】 补全句子
① （让我发疯的） was that my mother
determined to （把我可爱的宠物狗赶
走）.
What drove me crazy/mad
drive my lovely pet dog away
【写美】 微写作
②（2023·1月浙江卷） 好奇心驱使我向废弃的房间里窥视，却发现
一只蜂鸟被困在蜘蛛网里。
Curiosity ， only to find that
a hummingbird was trapped in spiderwebs.
drove me to peer into the deserted room
【归纳】
drive off 驾车离去；击退；赶走
drive on 驱车继续行驶
drive sb crazy/mad 使某人发疯
drive sb to do sth 驱使某人做某事
drive sb/sth out of ... 驱散，消除，使停止
drive sth up/down 抬高/压低；使上升/下跌
【佳句】 We should drive fear out of our minds when facing
difficulties.Only in this way can we face challenges bravely.
（发言稿）
在面对困难时，我们应该驱散心中的恐惧。只有这样，我们才能勇敢
地面对挑战。
My uncle worked hard in the day time. his free time， he went on studying the characteristics of those plants.He was said
（place） some samples in his bedroom.Just at that time he began to
think about how they evolved from their ancestors.Although no
income （generate） from his study， he was crazy about
it.He often used some primitive methods to carry out his experiments， （detect） how the seeds grew into some tall
plants.There was a time when the number of those plants was on the
decline.He managed to find out the reason and came up with a new way to
solve the problem.Later， he achieved a lot in this field.Many people had
suspected him of his talent， he succeeded！
微技能热身
1. ①处应填 ，构成固定短语。
2. ②处为固定句型，应填 。
3. ③处作谓语， income与generate之间为被动关系，应填
。
4. ④处作伴随状语，应填 。
5. ⑤处应填 ，上下文之间为 关系。
In
to have placed
was
generated
detecting
but
转折
句型公式：sb/sth be said to have done ...“据说某人/某物已经做
了……”
【教材原句】 Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have
visited such a tree in India.
据说，亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度见过这样的一棵树。
【写美】 句型转换/微写作
①It’s said that most freshmen are confused by the sudden change of their
environment and don’t know how to deal with it.
→Most freshmen by the sudden change of
their environment， not knowing how to deal with it.
②据说中国在高铁技术上取得了令人瞩目的成就。
in high-speed
rail technology.
are said to be confused
China is said to have made remarkable achievements
【归纳】
（1）sb/sth＋be＋过去分词＋
（2）用于本句型的动词还有think， believe， expect， report，
consider， suppose等。
【佳句】 （2023·全国甲卷） Zheng He’s voyages were said to have
opened up a new era of international trade and cultural exchange between
China and the rest of the world.据说郑和下西洋开启了中国与世界其他
地区国际贸易和文化交流的新时代。
decline v.减少；衰退；谢绝 n.减少；下降；衰退
【练通】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①We asked the famous writer to give a lecture in our school， but he
declined （come） due to his tight schedule.
②So far， the number of students majoring in the humanities
（已经减少了大约一半）.
to come
has
declined by about half
【写美】 微写作
③由于污染严重，动物的种类现在正在减少。 （投稿）
Due to serious pollution， the species of animals
.
are now on the
decline/in decline
【归纳】
（1）decline to do sth 拒绝做某事
（2）in decline 在下降
on the decline 在下降
a sharp decline in ... 在……方面的急剧下降
【佳句】 I thanked them but declined， for I didn’t want to trouble
them. （情感描写）
我谢过他们，但谢绝了，因为我不想麻烦他们。
【点津】 表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词by，后面常跟百分
数；表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to，后面常跟具体数字。
Part Ⅱ 二维微点练全
维度一 阅读词汇清障——一词多义/熟词生义
1. distant
A. adj.遥远的 B. adj.远亲的；远房的
C. adj.冷淡的；疏远的
（1）（2022·全国甲卷）However， after I went to high school，
somehow I became distant from him.
C
（2）As I have mentioned， devoting my energy to teaching in the
distant village is my desire after I graduate from college.
（3）It was only after a family conversation that I found out she was
actually my distant cousin.
A
B
2. 词义猜测
He was without question one of the giants of Japanese literature.
n.卓
越人物
维度二 写作词汇夯实——词形转换/动词形式变化/固定搭配
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. （2022·全国乙卷）Long-lasting friendships share
the （character） that both sides equally contact （联
系） and share with one another.
2. （天津卷）Both adults and youngsters aged 13＋ are required to
deliver our newspaper.You may have to cover some
（distant）.
characteristic
distance
3. By the time he died in 2016， Ali had been recognized as one of the
greatest boxers all time.
4. The Double Ninth Festival dating back a long time ago is the day
for the elderly in our culture.
of
to
Ⅱ.补全句子
1. It’s up to you to decide whether to （执行这
个计划） or not. （告知信）
2. The good thing about children is that
（他们很容易适应新环境）. （告知信）
3. The panda （中国的本土动物）， which likes
eating bamboos very much. （投稿）
4. On each Friday afternoon， we would gather in the school library to
discuss （各种话题）， ranging from current
events to philosophical debates.
carry out this plan
they adapt very easily to new
environments
is native to China
a variety of topics
Part Ⅲ 三维写作提能
告知信——告知喜欢的讲座话题和内容
假定你是李华，英国友好学校将派教师来你校参加为期一周的暑
期交流活动。活动期间，英方教师Chris将做一些关于动物保护方面的
讲座。现就讲座内容征求你校学生的意见。请根据以下提示给Chris写
一封电子邮件：
1. 喜欢的讲座话题；
2. 选择该话题的原因及关于该话题你感兴趣的内容；
3. 希望从中有何收获。
第一步 练单句——词句优美，吸引眼球
1. 我们希望你能讨论保护那些原产于中国遥远森林中的濒危物种。
（be native to）
We hope you can discuss protecting endangered species that are native to
distant forests in China.
2. 我们想要响应保护大熊猫、金丝猴和藏羚羊的号召。（answer the
call）
3. 如果它们消失了，那将是一种耻辱。（disgrace）
We want to answer the call to protect giant pandas， golden monkeys，
and Tibetan antelopes.
It would be a disgrace if they disappeared.
4. 我们选择这个话题的原因是，中国有多种多样的动物与我们的自然
遗产紧密相连。（a variety of）
5. 如果可能的话，我们希望能更多地了解保护动物的方法以及保护它
们的重要性。（不定式作定语）
The reason why we chose this topic is that China has a variety of animals
closely linked to our natural heritage.
If we can， we hope to learn more about the ways to protect animals and
the importance of protecting them.
第二步 组语篇——文从字顺，赏心悦目
Dear Chris，
We look forward to your animal conservation lectures next
week.
We hope you can discuss protecting endangered species that are
native to distant forests in China.We want to answer the call to protect
giant pandas， golden monkeys， and Tibetan antelopes.It would be a
disgrace if they disappeared.The reason why we chose this topic is that
China has a variety of animals closely linked to our natural heritage.If we
can， we hope to learn more about the ways to protect animals and the
importance of protecting them.
Thank you for taking our suggestion into consideration.We look
forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours，
Li Hua
厚积薄发，下笔有神
亮 词 情感描写： disgrace
心理描写： suspect
动作描写： decline， blame， detect， generate， link， answer the
call， evolve
美 句 ①More surprisingly， plants also use sound to communicate. （情感描写）
②Most surprisingly of all， plants have an amazing system of
communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest.（情感描写）
动作描写之“跑、走、冲”
词汇
单词 动词：run， dash， rush， storm， burst， approach， stroll， pace
短
语 ①steal/slide into 悄悄溜进，偷偷进入
②dash/rush for 冲向
③burst into 冲进
④head for/towards 朝……前进/移动
⑤march off 离开，匆匆离去
美句
The moment I got off the plane， I ran like crazy through the airport
building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second
thought. （动作描写）
我一下飞机，就疯狂地跑过机场大楼，毫不犹豫地跳上了排队的
第一辆出租车。
情境导语 他突然意识到自己所处的危险，心跳加速，汗水不断从额
头上流下来。他感到自己已经陷入了绝境，不知道该怎么才能脱离
这个危险的境地……
第一步 完成句子
1. 他不再犹豫，下了卡车，飞快地朝大楼跑去。
No longer hesitating， he got off the truck and
.
ran quickly towards the
building
2. 他从后门溜进大楼，希望没人注意到他。
He
.（简单句＋动词-ing形式作状语）
3. 一个保安走过来，礼貌地问他和谁有预约。
A security guard
.（简单句＋宾语从句）
4. 一句话未说，他向出口冲去，惊恐地逃走了。
Without a word， he
.（简单句）
stole/slid into the building from the back door， hoping no one
would notice him
approached and asked politely whom he had made an
appointment with
dashed/rushed for the exit， and escaped in great
panic
5. 他飞奔回家，冲进卧室。
， he burst into the bedroom.（动词-ing形式作状语）
6. 他开始皱着眉头在房间里走来走去。
He started .
（with复合结构）
Racing home
walking up and down in the room with a frown on his face
第二步 连句成文
No longer hesitating， he got off the truck and ran quickly towards
the building.He stole/slid into the building from the back door， hoping
no one would notice him.However， a security guard approached and
asked politely whom he had made an appointment with.Without a word，
he dashed/rushed for the exit， and escaped in great panic.Racing home，
he burst into the bedroom.Then he started walking up and down in the
room with a frown on his face.
4
技能·锤炼提升
统筹组合，全面训练
阅读理解
A
（2025·海口开学考试）Busy streets， loud noises， and grey
buildings can make city life exhausting and boring.Finding a solution to
these issues might be possible by turning to nature， which can help us
feel calm and refreshed.
Adding plants or colorful designs may make cities more enjoyable to
live in.However， growing plants or covering buildings in paint to test
these approaches is costly and inconvenient.Moreover， studying these
phenomena outdoors can be tricky， as many factors can affect the final
results.“Measuring pleasure and motivation in natural settings is
extremely hard，” explained Prof.Yvonne Delevoye.“Human reactions
are sensitive to environmental changes， such as weather or
traffic.Consequently， we used virtual reality to measure reactions to
these factors in a virtual urban space.”
The group used virtual reality to make a city setting that felt
real.They made two versions： one with no plants， and another with
some green plants.They also introduced colorful patterns onto a path.Then
they invited students to participate in the study.Wearing a VR headset and
walking on the spot， the students spent time exploring the virtual
environment.To find out where the volunteers were looking and for how
long， each headset included an eye tracker.
The researchers found that the students walked more slowly when
there was green plants present in the experiment， and their heart rate
increased.They would spend less time looking at the ground and more
time observing their surroundings.These results indicate a pleasurable
experience.Bright color patterns alone did not have quite the same
uplifting effect as the green plants， but they inspired interest and passion
of the students and attracted their stare while increasing their heart rate.
Virtual reality might be a useful resource for urban planners，
allowing them to experiment with different elements in a virtual
environment.In the future， the researchers aim to improve the VR
experience to get even better and more precise outcomes.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究结果表明，绿色植被和明
亮的色彩图案可以提高人们的情绪和兴趣。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究结果表明，绿色植被和明
亮的色彩图案可以提高人们的情绪和兴趣。
1. What was the primary reason for using virtual reality in the study？
（ ）
A. To measure reactions without environmental influence.
B. To prove the superiority of technology over nature.
C. To demonstrate the inconvenience of urban life.
D. To create an entertaining game for students.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Human reactions are
sensitive ...a virtual urban space.可知，在研究中使用虚拟现实的主要
原因是测量不受环境影响的反应。
√
2. How did the participants interact with the virtual environment in the
study？（ ）
A. By walking around a real city.
B. By wearing a headset and walking on site.
C. By making use of an eye tracker.
D. By observing through a screen without moving.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Wearing a VR headset
and ...the virtual environment.可知，参与者是通过戴耳麦和在现场走
动来与虚拟环境进行互动的。
√
3. What does the underlined word “uplifting” in Paragraph 4 most
probably mean？（ ）
A. Interesting. B. Limiting.
C. Powerful. D. Cheerful.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文可知，研究结果表明，环境
当中的绿色植被让人们感到愉快。画线词所在句说明明亮的色彩图案
本身并没有绿色植被那样的效果。由此可推知，画线词uplifting的含
义为“使人愉快的”，和cheerful意思相近。
√
4. What potential benefit of virtual reality is mentioned for urban
planning？（ ）
A. Helping cities avoid using real plants in urban space.
B. Predicting future urban challenges with precise results.
C. Reducing the costs of urban development significantly.
D. Providing a platform for testing various urban elements.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，虚拟现实为城市
规划提供了一个测试各种城市元素的平台。
√
B
（2025·扬州阶段练习）Human-led deforestation is linked to less
rain in tropical rainforests， according to a new study.
Robust （强健的） forests help produce rainfall in a process called
moisture recycling.Essentially， trees absorb rainwater and release its
moisture back into the atmosphere， contributing to cloud formation
and， consequently， more rain.In regions downwind of the Amazon，
for example， up to 70 per cent of rain could come from the forest-driven
cloud formation.This means that when the region is deforested，
downwind areas face drier， harsher climates.
The researchers examined precipitation （降水量） and deforestation
patterns in the Amazon rainforest， Congo Basin and Southeast Asia，
which hosts the Leuser Ecosystem， a forested area of Indonesia.Using
satellite data from 2003 to 2017， they identified significant drops in
average rainfall in each of these regions.The impacts were visible even at
small scales， but the most dramatic changes could be seen over wide
areas： At the scale of about 15，500 square miles， scientists found that
rainfall decreased 0.25 millimeters per month for every percentage point
of forest loss.
Experts warn the Amazon is approaching a “tipping point” that will
result in drier conditions， turning its leafy vegetation into a savanna （稀
树草原）.The rainforest has been nicknamed the “lungs of the planet”
for the way it sucks up vast amounts CO2 each year.“The Amazon is
important for everyone in the world.When humanity faces problems in the
future that we don’t even imagine now， the solutions can come from the
Amazon.But once we deforest， we’ll lose one of our greatest natural
defenses in protecting ourselves from climate change，” says Robin
Averbeck， forest program director at the Rainforest Action Network.
However， efforts to stop deforestation are complex.In the Congo
Basin， for example， much of the forest loss is due to poor， small-scale
farmers trying to survive.Frances Seymour， senior fellow at the non-
profit World Resources Institute， says it’s important to distinguish
corporations and governments engaging in deforestation practices from
local communities who are trying to make a living.And apparently，
compared with the idea that forests should be conserved to store carbon，
the immediate effects of forest conservation on hydrology （水文） are
more alluring to those who live near the trees.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，人为导致的森
林砍伐与热带雨林的降雨减少有关。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，人为导致的森
林砍伐与热带雨林的降雨减少有关。
5. What can we learn from Paragraph 2？ （ ）
A. The biggest cause of deforestation.
B. The way forests react to climate change.
C. The reason why deforestation affects rainfall.
D. The key factor that influences cloud formation.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，雨水产生是因为树木
吸收雨水并释放回大气，如果森林被砍伐，顺风区面临更干燥、炎热
的天气，所以第二段说明的是砍伐森林会影响降雨的原因。
√
6. How did the researchers carry out the study？（ ）
A. By doing experiments.
B. By analyzing previous data.
C. By measuring the areas of some forests.
D. By collecting information about climate change.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Using satellite data from 2003
to 2017可知，是通过研究之前的数据来进行研究的。
√
7. What can we learn from Robin Averbeck’s words in the last but one
paragraph？（ ）
A. There are many problems to be solved in the Amazon.
B. The destruction of the Amazon rainforest hit a new record.
C. Climate change could cause problems we can’t imagine now.
D. The Amazon can act as an important safeguard for the world.
解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Robin Averbeck说的The
Amazon is important for everyone in the world.可知，亚马孙雨林对全
世界都有重要的保护作用。
√
8. What does the underlined word “alluring” in the last paragraph
probably mean？（ ）
A. Appealing. B. Interesting.
C. Surprising. D. Inspiring.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的Frances Seymour， senior
fellow ...trying to make a living.可知，此处指的是与森林保护对水文
的直接影响更吸引住在树木附近的人。所以alluring指的是“有吸引力
的”，和appealing意思相近。
√
演示完毕 感谢观看 !
