UNIT 3 Getting along with others
Ⅰ.阅读理解
（2025·盐城模拟）Passive-aggressive （消极抗拒） behaviour can feel “normal” — especially if it’s how we’ve grown up seeing others around us deal with relationship issues.Whether done verbally （言语上） or non-verbally， passive aggression is meant to avoid hurting someone else’s feelings， escape conflict， or show disagreement without being outspoken in it.
It’s a more common way of dealing with things than you might think.But why are we passive-aggressive？ What are the signs we can look out for to recognize being passive-aggressive？ And how does it affect us？
There are many reasons why someone might display passive-aggressive behaviour， including insecurity or fear of losing control， as well as using it as a way to handle feelings of stress， anxiety， or depression.It can also be a way to try to deal with rejection or conflict， because of feelings of under-appreciation， or due to worry that any natural feelings of anger aren’t the right response， and so it becomes an attempt to sugarcoat things.
We almost all exhibit signs of passive aggression from time to time， but when it becomes a habit within our relationships， it can become upsetting for the other person involved， causing a divide.And for the person exhibiting this behaviour， their inability to say what is wrong clearly can often worsen the issue as it isn’t being dealt with directly.Ultimately， passive aggression prevents change and growth， leading to more negative behaviour， the breakdown of trust， and further relationship problems.
Admitting that you have a problem and need to change is not just good for your relationship， but also a huge help in your life.If you’re struggling and aren’t sure where to begin， ask yourself “Could I unintentionally （or intentionally） be hurting my relationship？ Is it worth saving my relationship， or do I want to risk things getting worse？ Would I be happy if my partner acted the way I’ve been acting？”
Change doesn’t happen overnight， but， with time and effort， you can find new， healthier ways of communicating how you are feeling， and start to strengthen the bonds within your relationship.
1.What is the possible passive-aggressive response to displeasure？（ ）
A.Turning to rude languages. B.Displaying violent behavior.
C.Hiding his true inner feelings. D.Coming into conflict with others.
2.What can we learn about passive-aggressive people？（ ）
A.They are sometimes overconfident in themselves.
B.They believe conflicts should be resolved directly.
C.Their passive-aggressive behavior doesn’t last long.
D.Their behaviour likely leads to more negative results.
3.What do the underlined words “the issue” in Paragraph 4 refer to？（ ）
A.The behavior. B.The divide.
C.The inability. D.The habit.
4.What should you do to make a change？（ ）
A.Start with a self-reflection. B.Apologize to the other side.
C.Copy how the partner acts. D.Let time cure everything.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2025·南京模拟）
How to Stop Being a People Pleaser
As a recovering people pleaser， I spent much of my life keeping others happy.Breaking this habit meant stepping on toes.However， I’ve become a happier person as a result.Here are some tips I used to stop being a people pleaser.
Identify your priorities.Take a moment to think about why you are trying to learn how to stop being a people pleaser.Who are the people that you feel the need to please？5.（ ） Answering these questions will help you set a goal that you can hold yourself accountable for.
Just say “no”.One reason why people pleasers say “yes” to everything is that they fear disappointing others.6.（ ） If you are a people pleaser， you are likely to spend lots of energy trying to control how people feel about you.The best thing you can do is let them feel their feelings.It will feel liberating to free yourself from being responsible for someone else’s reaction.
7.（ ） Saying “no” is a good way to set better boundaries in your important relationships.All healthy relationships have their own boundaries.If you haven’t set boundaries in your relationships， the odds are that at some point you will end up feeling pressured to do something you don’t want to do.
Accept yourself.Many people pleasers are insecure about who they are.8.（ ） Check out our summary of Brené Brown’s The Gifts of Imperfection to learn how to accept your imperfections and love yourself.
Remember that you cannot please everyone.No matter what you do there will always be someone who is unhappy with your choices.9.（ ）
A.Set healthy boundaries.
B.Keep healthy relationships.
C.Why do you feel the need to keep them happy？
D.Spend some time learning to love yourself for who you are.
E.And why bother trying to please everyone if it isn’t possible？
F.But saying “no” is the best way to take care of your own needs.
G.That is why the more you seek security， the less of it you have.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
（2025·南京名校联考）假定你是学生会主席李华，负责接待到你校参观的英国交换生。请为你校学生自主创设的校园文化长廊 （corridor）准备一份解说词。内容包括：（1）表示欢迎；（2）长廊简介。
注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右；（2）请按如下格式作答。
Dear friends from the UK，
I’m Li Hua， President of the Students’ Union.
Thank you！
UNIT 3 Getting along with others
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了消极抗拒这种人际交往中的新现象，分析其产生的原因及其可能造成的其他后果并提出了有效解决它的建议。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，为避免对他人产生伤害，避免冲突以及间接地表现出分歧，就要隐藏人内心的真实感受。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，消极的抗拒行为是其他负面行为的根源，他们的行为可能会导致更多负面的结果。
3.B 词义猜测题。根据第四段内容可知，issue这里指代的不是behavior，因为这里的behavior指代的是passive aggression，则issue应该指代的是上句中的divide （分歧）。
4.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的三个问句可知，作者认为从自我反省开始才能作出改变。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作为一个曾经取悦他人的人，作者分享了自己是如何通过一系列努力摆脱这一习惯并变得更加快乐的。
5.C 空前提到要思考你为什么想要试着学习如何停止取悦他人，以及你感觉需要取悦哪些人。空后提到“回答这些问题”。C项与上下文形成连贯的逻辑关系，属于思考的问题之一，且其中的them指代空前的the people。
6.F 根据空前一句可知，取悦他人者害怕让别人失望，因此对一切事物说“是”。这里需要给出一种解决方案或建议，且应与本段主旨句Just say “no”.有关，F项（但说“不”是照顾你自己需求的最好方式）符合语境。
7.A 空后内容讲到：说“不”是在重要关系中设定更好界限的好方法，所有健康关系都有自己的界限，如果在关系中没有设定界限，很可能在某个时刻你会感到被迫去做不想做的事情。故A项（设定健康的界限）最能概括整段内容，为本段主旨句。
8.D 本段的主题是“接受你自己”。上文提到许多取悦他人的人不自信，这里需要给出一种解决方案或建议来帮助他们建立自信。D项（花点时间学会爱真实的自己）给出了建议且与接纳自我的段落主题一致，符合语境。
9.E 上文提到无论你做什么都会有人不满意你的选择，E项（如果不可能取悦所有人，那么为什么还要费心去做？）与上文内容紧密相连，符合语境。
Ⅲ.
Dear friends from the UK，
I’m Li Hua， President of the Students’ Union.I’d like to extend my warmest welcome to you！
As you walk down our campus cultural corridor， you will be immersed in the rich cultures of our school.The corridor is decorated with paintings， sculptures， and other art forms that are created by our students.It serves as a platform to showcase their artistic talents.
Moreover， you will also find historical relics and cultural artifacts of our school， showcasing our proud traditions and heritage.We hope you enjoy your time.
Thank you！
2 / 2Part Ⅰ 一维重点突破
Two robbers were believed to （rob） a supermarket yesterday evening.Judging from the scene of the crime， the criminal didn’t go too far.There were so many people in the dark street that the police found it hard to pick them out.So the police immediately blocked the main roads to prohibit the suspects from escaping.The authority said that such crimes must be wiped out at all costs.At present， the police are looking the case.We are sincerely grateful to the police officers who work hard for the benefit of the community. 微技能热身 1.①处应填 。 2.②处prohibit可用 来替换。 3.③处at all costs意为“ ”。 4.④处应填介词 。
judge vt.& vi.评价，（尤指）批评；判断，认为 n.法官；裁判员
【练通】 单句语法填空
① （judge） from/by the number of cars， he thought there were not many people at the club yet.
②What surprised me was your sharp insight， unique （judge）， and calm response during my time of need.
【写美】 翻译句子
③就我的判断而言，这项活动意义重大。
【归纳】
（1）judge ...from/by ... 从……来判断……
as far as I can judge＝in my judgment
据我判断，我认为
（2）judging from/by ...
根据……判断；从……上看
（3）judgment n. 看法；判断力；判决
【佳句】 As the old saying goes，“You can’t judge a book by/from its cover.” （名言警句）
俗话说：“不要以貌取人。”
【点津】 judging from/by ...用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。
escape vi.& vt.逃脱，躲避；逃跑；避开，避免；被遗忘 n.逃离，逃脱
【练通】 单句语法填空
①The young man escaped （kill） in the explosion because he had not been at work then.
②Compared with the （escape） driver， I am proud of what I did.
【写美】 同义转换
③While shopping， I came across an old classmate， but I couldn’t remember his name.
→While shopping， I came across an old classmate， but .
【归纳】
（1）escape （doing） sth 逃避（做）某事
escape from 从……逃脱；逃避
sth escape（s） sb 某人忘记某事
（2）fire escape 太平梯；安全梯
a narrow escape 九死一生；死里逃生
（3）escaped adj. 逃跑了的，逃脱了的
【佳句】 At last，we had a narrow escape，fortunately escaping being hurt by the hungry polar bear.
最后，我们九死一生，很幸运没有被那头饥饿的北极熊伤害到。
case n.具体情况，事例；案件；容器
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）I suggest that you put three to four students together， with one as the group leader， which case we can communicate with each other at a great depth.
②（2025·南京、盐城二模）So please pay attention to the weather forecast just case you need to return to land.
【写美】 句式升级
③We can in no case go against the law of nature， or we’ll suffer a great loss.
→In no case ， or we’ll suffer a great loss.（倒装句）
【归纳】
in this/that case 假使这样/那样的话
in no case 决不（位于句首时，句子用部分倒装）
in any case 无论如何，不管怎样
in some case 在某些情况下
in case 假使；以防万一
in case of 假如发生；万一发生
as is often the case 这是常有的事
【佳句】 He gathered up all his camping gear and extinguished the campfire carefully in case of an accident.
＝He gathered up all his camping gear and extinguished the campfire carefully in case an accident happened.（动作描写）
他收起了所有的露营装备，小心地熄灭了篝火，以防发生意外事故。
benefit n.优势，益处，成效 vt.使受益 vi.得益于
【练通】 句型转换
①Miss Li inspired me to form the habit of reading books， which benefits me a lot.
→Miss Li inspired me to form the habit of reading books， .（benefit n.）
→Miss Li inspired me to form the habit of reading books， .（beneficial adj.）
【写美】 完成句子
②Exhausted and hungry as I was，I .
尽管我筋疲力尽，但我从植树活动中获益很多。
【归纳】
（1）be of great benefit to 对……大有裨益
for the benefit of 为了……的利益
to one’s benefit 对某人有利
（2）benefit from/by 得益于
benefit sb 使某人受益
（3）beneficial adj. 有益的，有利的
be beneficial to 对……有益/有利（to 为介词）
【佳句】 （北师大必修一）As people often say， any exercise is better than none， but long-distance running in particular has a lot of benefits.
正如人们常说的，运动总比不运动好，特别是长跑有很多益处。
so ...that ...引导结果状语从句
I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day ...
我如此生气以至于在学校里一整天都躲着她……
【写美】 完成句子
①（人教必修二）She was she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet.
她受到网友的启发，决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教年长一些的人们学习使用电脑和互联网。
②（北师大必修一）David put he couldn’t swallow.
大卫在嘴里塞了太多布丁，以至于都吞不下去了。
③The fellow is burdened with it seems as if he can hardly bear it any more.
这个家伙背负着如此沉重的债务，似乎再也无法忍受了。
【归纳】
（1）so ...that ...句型的基本结构：
so＋
（2）such ...that ...句型的基本结构：
such＋
【佳句】 There are so many famous artists present at this year’s music festival that I’m writing to invite you to attend. （邀请信）
有如此多著名的艺术家出席今年的音乐节，所以我写信邀请你参加。
【点津】 上述so/such ...that ...句型，当so/such ...放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
find＋it＋宾语补足语＋to do ...
We often find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own.
我们经常发现意识到别人的缺点比意识到我们自身的缺点更容易些。
【写美】 完成句子
①He and looking very worried.
他发现他的女儿被书籍包围着，看起来很焦虑。
②A cook will be immediately fired if he is .
如果发现厨师在厨房吸烟，他将立即被解雇。
③（2024·1月浙江卷）Having a poor sense of direction， Eva .
由于方向感差，伊娃发现自己不可能在这么大的大楼里四处走动。
【归纳】
（1）find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do ...（it是形式宾语，to do ...是真正的宾语）
（2）“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构形式：
find＋宾语＋
【佳句】 Living in an information era，we find it easy and convenient to have access to various English learning resources.
生活在一个信息时代，我们发现获得各种英语学习资源是很容易和方便的。
Luke was criticized by Mrs Brown for his absence from class rather than his failure in the exam.She warned him not to be （absence） from class again； he would be removed from school.On reflection， Luke decided to apologize to Mrs Brown and promised that he would make changes to bring out the best in himself.Mrs Brown believed he had the ability to make it and counted on it that he would catch up with his classmates. 微技能热身 1.①处应填入单词的正确形式为： 。 2.②处应填的过渡词是 。 3.③处that引导 从句。 4.The reason why Luke was criticized by his teacher was that . A.he didn’t go to school B.he didn’t pass the exam
apologize vi.道歉，谢罪
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet.I flashed him an （apology） smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard.
【写美】 一句多译
②我不得不向你道歉，因为我不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。 （道歉信）
→I have to at the appointed time.（apologize v.）
→I have to at the appointed time.（apology n.）
【归纳】
（1）apologize to sb for （doing） sth 为（做）某事而向某人道歉
（2）apology n. 道歉
owe sb an apology＝owe an apology to sb 应该向某人表示歉意
make an apology to sb （for ...） （为……）向某人道歉
（3）apologetic adj. 道歉的；表示歉意的；辩解的
【佳句】 I’m writing to apologize to you for being absent from your birthday party last weekend.（道歉信）
我写信向你道歉，因为上周末我没能参加你的生日派对。
bring out 使显现，使表现出；出版
【练通】 用bring的相关短语填空
①The idea he came up with two months ago has a lot more money for the company.
②For the benefit of the citizens，the government has taken measures to the house prices.
【写美】 翻译句子
③当我把收据放进新钱包时，我发现这些小纸片中的每一张都勾起了一段特别的回忆。
【归纳】
bring up 养育，抚养；提出；呕吐
bring about 引起；导致
bring back 使想起
bring down 降低；减少
bring in 引进；赚得，挣得
bring into 使进入某种状态
bring ...to life 使复活
bring ...to light 使……真相大白
【佳句】 （人教选必三）Looking at the faces of the figures in these sculptures， one sees the faces of the past.History is brought to life.
看着这些雕塑中人物的脸部，（你）可以看到过去的面貌。历史“复活”了。
make it能够出席；准时到达；获得成功
【练通】 用make的相关短语填空
①His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to what it is.
②After being here for a while，my biggest impression is the complicated mix of peoples and cultures that the nation.
③“Nothing is impossible to a willing heart”；as long as you have a dream， keep trying and you’ll ， too.
【写美】 完成句子
④By the light of the moon I could just . （景物描写）
借着月光，我只能分辨出物体的形状和轮廓。
【归纳】
make up 组成；编造；化妆
make up for 弥补；偿还
make out 理解；弄清
make sense 有道理，有意义
make up one’s mind （to do sth） 下定决心（做某事）
make use of 利用；使用
make sure 确保
make a difference 有影响，起作用
【佳句】 Inspired by the speech， the little girl made up her mind to study even harder. （心理描写）
受到演讲的激励，小女孩下定决心更加努力地学习。
count on依赖，依靠，指望
【练通】 单句语法填空
①Don’t always count on others （help） you； you are old enough to do the work by yourself.
【写美】 翻译句子
②下次你在课堂上感到有点昏昏欲睡时，记得站起来伸伸懒腰！我相信这个小小的改变能让你的一天大有不同。（count on）
【归纳】
count on/upon （＝depend/rely on/upon）
依赖，依靠；指望
count on sb to do sth 指望某人做某事
count on it that ... 相信……，指望……
count down （to sth） 倒计时
count sb in 把某人算入；包括某人
【佳句】 With her eyes resting on the list， she shrugged， “You can count me in， I guess.”（动作描写）
目光停留在名单上，她耸了耸肩，说道：“我想你可以把我算进去。”
Part Ⅱ 二维微点练全
维度一 阅读词汇清障——一词多义/熟词生义
1.trick
A.n.诀窍 B.n.把戏，花招 C.vt.欺骗；哄骗
（1）Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors， 1880－1990：Into the Light.
（2）Tricked out of a large quantity of money，he felt stupid.
（3）（2025·南通模拟）We were playing tricks on each other when Mrs Virginia DeView cleared her throat and asked us to be quiet.
2.case
A.n.[C]事例，实例 B.n.实情，事实 C.n.[C]容器 D.n.[C]案件；官司
（1）They lost their case in the High Court， and had to pay damages.
（2）Whatever the case， they favor the quick-and-easy decision.
（3）（人教选必二）Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.
（4） There are many exhibits here， which are all in glass cases.
3.escape
A.n.逃离 B.v.逃脱；避开 C.vt.被遗忘
（1）Without delay， the two men escaped and returned to safety.
（2）I’m sorry， but I’m afraid your name escaped me.
（3）For her， travel was an escape from the boredom of her everyday life.
4.词义猜测
（1）Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington，D.C.，which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.
（2）It’s reported that the cause of the crash was given as engine failure.
（3）Each week I take my mother to do her shopping and visit the doctor，providing company and transportation.
（4）The family called the Italian Culture Ministry； the official confirmed that the paintings were originals and worth as much as $50 million.
（5）As to the play， our weakness lies in such respects as roles’ facial expressions，logical stress of dialogue and stage set.
（6）Her opinion counts because of her experience.
维度二 写作词汇夯实——词形转换/动词形式变化/固定搭配
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.（2024·全国甲卷）Well， （origin）， I’m from Canada， but we moved to Australia when I was about five years old.
2.（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷） Without your （recognize） and guidance， I couldn’t have written this article.
3.The （admire） and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career （职业） in acting.
4.As Danieu slowly regained consciousness in the （recover） room， tears of gratitude welled up in his eyes.
5.To gain admission to a key university， the boy will （definite） take advantage of the precious chance.
6.From your letter I know you take a great interest in Chinese characters and Chinese culture， which is （benefit） to you.
7.（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷） （seek） and accepting constructive feedback （反馈） is crucial to growth.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1.She （注定要成为一名医生）， as she had always shown a passion for healing.
2.Don’t let jealousy （损害你和你最好的朋友之间的关系）； it’s not worth doing that.
3.The little girl quickly ran （脱离她妈妈的视线） and got lost in the crowd.
4.It takes effort （保持友谊） over a long distance between them.
5.Sometimes it’s hard （把我们的想法用语言表达出来） accurately.
Part Ⅲ 三维写作提能
道歉信——因不能赴约而向朋友道歉
第一步 练单句——词句优美，吸引眼球
1.我写信向你道歉，星期五晚上我不能陪你去音乐会了。（apologize；宾语从句）
2.我父亲生病住院了，我认为我无法按时去了，这是我没预料到的。（make it； think＋it＋宾语补足语＋for sb＋to do ...）
3.无论如何，这个突变可能会让你感到失望和尴尬。（embarrassed；in any case）
4.过错在我，如果下周末你（的时间）适合去音乐会的话，我将不胜感激。（in the wrong）
5.请你宽宏大量，我保证我不会再让你失望了。（generous；宾语从句）
第二步 组语篇——文从字顺，赏心悦目
厚积薄发，下笔有神
亮词 情感描写：awkward；horrible；frank；failure；at a loss；joy→joyful
动作描写：recover；respond；trick；suffer；misunderstand；make it；comfort；admire
美句 ①When I was an awkward primary school student，she was the popular girl who was willing to make friends with me.（背景描写） ②Whether we’re walking to school， doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend， we’re hardly out of each other’s sight.（动作描写） ③I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day， and I still don’t feel like responding to any of her online messages.The stress of this situation is killing me， and I’m at a loss what to do next. （情绪描写） ④More often than not，close friendships will help smooth out the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant to travel. （主旨升华）
情感描写之“羞愧、尴尬”
词汇 美句
单词 ①embarrass v.使尴尬→embarrassed adj.尴尬的→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬/难堪的→embarrassment n.尴尬；难堪（的事） ②shame n.羞耻，惭愧→ashamed adj.惭愧的；羞愧的→shameful adj.可耻的；丢脸的 ③guilt n.内疚；自责→guilty adj.内疚的 ①（2025·衡阳联考）“Do you still think washing the clothes a piece of cake？” Dad asked.Jeff shook his head， embarrassed.Then， I helped him finish the remaining work of rinsing and drying. “你还觉得洗衣服是小菜一碟吗？”爸爸问道。杰夫尴尬地摇了摇头。然后，我帮他完成了剩下的冲洗和晾晒工作。 ②At that moment，the woman was so ashamed that she covered her face with mouth wide open and face turning red instantly. 在那一刻，这位妇女感到非常羞愧，她大张着嘴捂住了脸，脸立刻变红了。 ③She lowered a bit of her body and hesitated for a moment，wondering how to hide her inner embarrassment. 她俯下身来，犹豫了一会儿，想知道如何掩饰内心的尴尬。
词块 ①glow with embarrassment 窘得满脸通红 ②lower one’s head with shame 羞愧地低下头 ③hide one’s inner embarrassment 隐藏内心的尴尬 ④feel one’s face burning 觉得脸在燃烧 ⑤a flush/blush of embarrassment comes to one’s cheeks 脸颊上露出了尴尬的表情
情境导语 为了买喜欢的布娃娃，安娜偷偷地从家里拿走了两美元，当她回到家时……
第一步 完成句子
1.房间里陷入一阵尴尬的沉默，父亲的眼神颇显不悦。
， and there was a rather unpleasant look in Father’s eyes.（场景描写）
2.他尴尬地咳了一声，蹙眉对她说：“你怎么能这样做呢？”
He ， frowning at her， “How could you do that？”（神态描写）
3.安娜意识到父母已经知道她拿走了2美元，她顿时感到羞愧。
Anna realized that her parents had already known that she had taken $2， .（心理描写）
4.安娜脸涨得通红，她窘迫地往别处看了一眼。
.She glanced away， .（神态描写；形容词作状语）
5.为了掩饰尴尬，她低下头，希望没人能注意到她有多么尴尬。
In an attempt to ， she ， hoping no one would notice .（肢体动作；心理描写）
第二步 连句成文
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）On March 7， 1907， the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases， the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors， those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate， and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together， they cancel each other out， resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors， then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms， the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If， for whatever reasons， people’s errors become correlated or dependent， the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist （转折） on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion， the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance， the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students， the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates？ Did they follow those least willing to change their minds？ This happened some of the time， but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently， the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow， these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain， the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
32.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about？（ ）
A.The methods of estimation.
B.The underlying logic of the effect.
C.The causes of people’s errors.
D.The design of Galton’s experiment.
33.Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if .（ ）
A.the crowds were relatively small
B.there were occasional underestimates
C.individuals did not communicate
D.estimates were not fully independent
34.What did the follow-up study focus on？（ ）
A.The size of the groups.
B.The dominant members.
C.The discussion process.
D.The individual estimates.
35.What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies？（ ）
A.Unclear. B.Dismissive.
C.Doubtful. D.Approving.
（一）由文本积阅读词汇
1.illustrate v. 说明；阐明
2.estimate n. 估计；判断
3.similar adj. 相像的；类似的
4.implication n. 可能的影响（或作用、结果）；
含意，暗指
5.enormous adj. 巨大的；极大的
6.correlated adj. 有相互关系的 （课标外词汇）
7.follow-up adj. 进一步的
8.underlying adj. 潜在的；表面下的；根本的
（课标外词汇）
9.dominant adj. 占支配地位的；占优势的 （课标外词汇）
10.dismissive adj. 轻蔑的；鄙视的；不屑一顾的（课标外词汇）
（二）由文本积主题词块
1.be known as ... 作为……而闻名
2.a large number of 大量的；很多
3.tend to overestimate 倾向于高估
4.cancel out 抵消
5.for instance 例如
6.the “wisdom of crowds” effect “群体智慧”效应
7.result in a global reduction in error 导致错误的全局减少
（三）由文本知变式运用
1.学习构词（派生词）
（1）statistician n.统计学家 [statistic （n.）＋后缀-ian]
（2）capitalize v.利用 [capital （n.）＋后缀-ize]
（3）dependent adj.依赖的，依靠的 [depend （v.）＋后缀-ent]
（4）significantly adv. 显著地；有重大意义地 [significant （adj.）＋后缀-ly]
（5）limitation n.限制；控制 [limit （v.）＋后缀-ation]
（6）overestimate v.高估 [前缀over-＋estimate （v.）]
2.近义替换（用文中词汇替换）
（1）take advantage of＝ （第二段）
（2）mistake＝ （第二段）
（3）precise＝ （第三段）
3.熟词生义（文中生义）
reason [熟义] n.理由
→[生义] v. （第四段第五句）
（四）由文本学靓丽表达
1.On March 7， 1907， the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper （阐述了所谓的“群体智慧”效应）.（定语从句；宾语从句）
2.When enough of these errors are averaged together， they cancel each other out， （从而产生更准确的估计）.（非谓语动词作状语）
（五）由文本探析长难句
The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion， the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.
分析：The key finding of the study 是句子的主语，谓语was后的 引导一个表语从句；该表语从句又是一个 句，when crowds were further divided into smaller groups ...是时间状语从句，其中groups后的that引导的是 从句，从句修饰先行词groups。
译文：
UNIT 3 Getting along with others
【考点·多维突破】
Part Ⅰ
考点新语境（一）
[微技能热身] 1.have robbed 2.stop/prevent
3.不惜任何代价 4.into
1.①Judging ②judgment ③As far as I can judge/In my judgment， this activity is of great significance.
2.①being killed ②escaped ③his name escaped me
3.①in ②in ③can we go against the law of nature
4.①which is of great benefit to me； which is very beneficial to me
②benefited a lot from the tree planting activity
5.①so inspired by the people she met online that ②so much pudding in his mouth that ③such heavy debts that
6.①found his daughter surrounded by books
②found smoking in the kitchen
③found it impossible to get around in such a huge building
考点新语境（二）
[微技能热身] 1.absent 2.otherwise 3.宾语 4.A
7.①apologetic ②apologize to you for not being able to accompany you to the bookshop； make an apology to you for not being able to accompany you to the bookshop
8.①brought in ②bring down ③While putting the receipts into the new purse， I saw that each of these little papers brought back a particular memory.
9.①make out ②make up ③make it
④make out shapes and outlines of stuff
10.①to help ②Next time you feel a bit sluggish during class， remember to stand up and stretch！I count on it that the small change can make a big difference in your day.
Part Ⅱ
维度一
1.（1）A （2）C （3）B
2.（1）D （2）B （3）A （4）C
3.（1）B （2）C （3）A
4.（1）v.回收，重新利用 （2）n.故障，失灵 （3）n.陪伴
（4）n.原作，原稿 （5）n.方面 （6）vi.重要
维度二
Ⅰ.1.originally 2.recognition 3.admiration 4.recovery
5.definitely 6.beneficial 7.Seeking
Ⅱ.1.was meant to become a doctor
2.come between you and your best friend
3.out of her mother’s sight
4.to maintain friendships
5.to put our thoughts into words
Part Ⅲ
应用文写作增分练
第一步
1.I am writing to apologize to you that I can’t accompany you to the concert on Friday evening.
2.My father was ill in hospital， and I think it impossible for me to make it on time， which I didn’t expect.
3.In any case， the sudden change may make you feel disappointed and embarrassed.
4.I’m in the wrong and I would appreciate it if next weekend is suitable for you to go to the concert.
5.Please be kind and generous， and I guarantee that I will not let you down again.
第二步
I am writing to apologize to you that I can’t accompany you to the concert on Friday evening.My father was ill in hospital， and I think it impossible for me to make it on time， which I didn’t expect.In any case， the sudden change may make you feel disappointed and embarrassed. I’m in the wrong and I would appreciate it if next weekend is suitable for you to go to the concert.Please be kind and generous， and I guarantee that I will not let you down again.
读后续写微技能
第一步
1.An embarrassed silence fell in the room
2.gave an embarrassed cough
3.and she immediately felt ashamed
4.Blood rushed to/Colour flooded Anna’s face； embarrassed
5.hide her embarrassment； dropped/hung/bowed/lowered her head； how embarrassed/awkward she was
第二步
An embarrassed silence fell in the room， and there was a rather unpleasant look in Father’s eyes.He gave an embarrassed cough， frowning at her， “How could you do that？” Anna realized that her parents had already known that she had taken $2， and she immediately felt ashamed.Blood rushed to/Colour flooded Anna’s face.She glanced away， embarrassed.In an attempt to hide her embarrassment， she dropped/hung/bowed/lowered her head， hoping no one would notice how embarrassed/awkward she was.
【素养·培育落实】
一、做真题
32.B 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段解释了“群体智慧”效应的基本逻辑。
33.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的In more technical terms， the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.和第三段中的when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion ...independent individuals可知，Navajas的研究发现，即使团队成员的估计不是完全独立的，估计的平均准确度也可以提高。
34.C 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，后续研究主要关注小组成员在讨论中的行为。研究人员发现，大多数情况下，小组成员表示他们“分享观点并共同推理”。因此，后续研究的重点是小组讨论的过程。
35.D 观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，尽管Navajas的研究有局限性，但是对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。由此判断，作者对Navajas的研究持赞同的态度。
三、再利用
（三）2.（1）capitalize on （2）error （3）accurate
3.推理；推论；推断
（四）1.which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect
2.resulting in a more accurate estimate
（五）that 主从复合 定语
这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步分成更小的群体，（且）这些更小的群体被允许进行讨论时，这些群体（的估计）的平均值比同样数量的独立个体（的估计）的平均值更准确。
11 / 12(共143张PPT)
UNIT 3 Getting along with others
高中总复习·英语 (译林版)
01
晨背
积累沉淀
02
基础
夯实过关
03
考点
多维突破
Part Ⅰ 一维重点突破
Part Ⅱ 二维微点练全
Part Ⅲ 三维写作提能
04
素养
培育落实
05
技能
锤炼提升
1
晨背·积累沉淀
高效用时，积少成多
阅读词汇明义
快速一览
1. medium n.（pl.media）传播信息的媒介，方法；手段，工具adj.中
等的，中号的
2. horrible adj.令人震惊的；可恶的，极坏的
3. café n.咖啡馆，小餐馆
4. indeed adv.其实，实际上；的确；真正地
5. well-meaning adj.出于好心的，善意的
6. thorough adj.彻底的，全面的；仔细的
7. theme n.主题；主旋律
8. extra adj.额外的，分外的，附加的adv.额外，另外；特别，格外
教材例句
9. （人教必修三）However， others feel this is a shallow view which
fails to realise how exploring space helps us. adj.肤浅的
10. （外研必修二）Starring Anne Hathaway， it is definitely a movie
you should not miss！ adv.肯定，确实
写作词汇运用
词块记忆
1. be hardly out of each other’s sight
几乎不离开彼此的视线
2. chat on social media 在社交媒体上聊天
3. judging from their speeches 从他们的言谈中判断
4. misunderstand his parents 误解他的父母
5. make eye contact 眼神交流
6. form an opinion of one’s own形成自己的观点
7. quality of life 生活质量
8. the basis of a friendship 友谊的基础
9. extra efforts 额外的努力
10. take a number of measures 采取一些措施
11. seek help 求助
12. escape punishment 逃脱惩罚
13. live in comfort in old age 安度晚年
14. jump with joy 高兴地跳起来
15. in his darkest moments 在他最晦暗的时刻
16. a painter and poet一位画家兼诗人
17. case n.具体情况，事例；案件；容器；盒；箱
①in this case 在这种情况下
②a severe case of typhoid 严重的伤寒病例
③a case of theft 一起盗窃案
④a pencil case 一个铅笔盒
语境记忆
18. awkward adj.局促不安的；令人尴尬的；难对付的；笨拙的
The following days were filled with awkwardness.I felt sorry for what
I’d said and was dying to mend our friendship.
接下来的几天充满了尴尬。我为自己说的话感到难过，非常想修复我
们的友谊。
pany n.陪伴，作伴；公司
Youth has kept me company throughout my high school years.
《青春》陪伴了我整个高中生活。
派生词汇识记
1. original adj.起初的；独创的；原作的→origin n.起源→originally
adv.起初
2. recover vi.恢复健康；恢复常态 vt.全额收回；寻回；重新获得；恢
复，重新控制→recovery n.恢复
3. loss n.失去，丧失；亏损；去世；损失→lose vt.丢失，失去→lost
adj.失去的，丢失的
4. judge vt.& vi.评价，（尤指）批评；判断，认为 n.法官；裁判员
→judg（e）ment n.判断
5. apologize vi.道歉，谢罪→apology n.道歉
6. behaviour n.行为，举止，态度→behave vi.举止
7. frank adj.坦率的，直率的→frankly adv.坦率地
8. ignore vt.忽视，对……不予理会→ignorant adj.无知的→ignorance
n.无知
派生词汇识记
9. suffer vi.受苦，受折磨；变差 vt.遭受，蒙受→suffering n.痛苦，
苦难→sufferer n.患者，受难者
10. explode vi.（愤怒等感情）爆发，迸发；爆炸 vt.使爆炸
→explosion n.爆炸；爆发
11. efficient adj.效率高的，有功效的→efficiency n.效率；效能
12. reflection n.沉思；反射；映像；反映→reflect v.反思；反射
13. benefit n.优势，益处，成效 vt.使受益 vi.得益于→beneficial adj.
有益的
14. recognize vt.承认，意识到；认出，辨别出→recognition n.认出，
识别；承认
15. crowd n.一伙人，一帮人；人群 vt.挤满，使拥挤vi.聚集；挤，涌
→crowded adj.拥挤的
16. admire vt.钦佩；欣赏→admiration n.钦佩；欣赏→admirable adj.
令人羡慕的，值得称赞的
fort vt.宽慰，抚慰 n.舒服；安慰→comfortable adj.舒适的
→comfortably adv.舒适地
18. generous adj.宽宏大量的，仁慈的；慷慨的→generosity n.慷慨
1. on the rocks （关系）陷于困境，濒临崩溃
2. out of one’s sight 脱离某人的视线
3. bring out 使显现，使表现出
4. make it 能够出席；准时到达；获得成功
5. at a loss 不知所措，困惑
6. in the wrong 有错，应承担责任
7. in any case 无论如何，不管怎样
8. let go of 放弃，摒弃；松手，放开
9. count on 依赖，依靠，指望
10. eat away at 腐蚀，侵蚀，逐渐破坏
11. come between ...and ...
损害……之间的关系，离间；妨碍
12. in person 亲自，亲身
13. high point 最有意思（或最令人愉快、最好）的部分
14. through thick and thin
不顾艰难险阻，同甘共苦
15. in one’s opinion 在某人看来
16. get over 克服；恢复常态
17. social media 社交媒体
18. smooth out 消除（问题），克服（困难）
19. be meant to do sth 注定要做某事，应做某事
20. take on 呈现，具有
21. in full measure 最大程度地，最大限度地
1. 句式：动词-ing短语作状语
原句：But in the morning，my friend posted a message on social media
saying she had a cold.
但在早上，我的朋友在社交媒体上留言说她感冒了。
2. 句式：find＋it＋宾语补足语＋to do ...
原句：We often find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses
than our own.
我们经常发现，认清别人的缺点远比认清我们自身的缺点要容易。
If your friendship is on the rocks， what should you do？
Firstly， if you are in the wrong，you’d better apologize to your
friend.If it is his/her fault，or he/she misunderstood you， you can find
an opportunity to chat with him/her in person.Secondly， once your
friend suffers a great loss or a big failure， spare no effort to comfort
him/her and support him/her.Besides， your friend feels lonely，keep
him/her company.Lastly， it’s necessary for you to have a frank talk
with him/her and then decide whether you should let go of your friendship
or not.In a word， a friend in need is a friend indeed.
2
基础·夯实过关
默写查验，巧学活用
（一）分类识记单词——用时少·功效快
阅读单词知意
请在没有记牢的单词前的方框内画“√”，以便下次着重记忆。
□1.medium n.（pl.media） 传播信息的媒介，方法；手段，工具
adj.中等的，中号的
□2.horrible adj.令人震惊的；可恶的，极坏的
□3.café n.咖啡馆，小餐馆
□4.definitely adv.肯定，确实；确切地
□5.blog n.博客，网志
□6.shallow adj.肤浅的，浅薄的；浅的
□7.theme n.主题；主旋律
□8.indeed adv.其实，实际上；的确；真正地
□9.well-meaning adj.出于好心的，善意的
□10.thorough adj.彻底的，全面的；仔细的
□11.wine n.葡萄酒；果酒
□12.extra adj.额外的，分外的，附加的
adv.额外，另外；特别，格外
核心单词练通
1. adj.局促不安的；令人尴尬的；难对付的；笨拙的
2. n.视野；视力；看见
3. vi.& n.聊天，闲聊
4. n.具体情况，事例；案件；容器
5. vt.欺骗，欺诈 n.诡计，花招；戏法
6. n.（pl.bases）基础；原因；基准
7. vt.尊重，尊敬
n.尊敬，敬意；重视
awkward
sight
chat
case
trick
basis
respect
8. vi.试图；寻找；争取 vt.寻求；寻找
9. vi.& vt.逃脱，躲避；逃跑；避开，避免；被遗忘 n.逃
离，逃脱
10. n.陪伴，作伴；公司
seek
escape
company
单词拼写
1. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）Much relieved， I asked for his
（联系，联络） information before I rushed to catch up the bus.
2. （2023·全国乙卷）You value progress and focus on the
（质量） of work more than the quantity.
3. （人教必修三）Now，you shouldn’t （判断） people by
their clothes.I just don’t want to cause you trouble with a large note.
contact
quality
judge
4. （外研选必四）When we grow up， we share photos， life stories
and （观点） with people around us and with those we
don’t know via social media.
5. （北师大选必二）Finding actors acceptable to film audiences can
mean the difference between success and （失败）.
6. Being （误解，误会） by my best friend made me
quite awkward.
7. I’ll always value these qualities of a good friend and try
to （衡量） myself by these standards as our friendship
develops.
opinions
failure
misunderstood
measure
拓展单词用活
记全记牢
1. n.失去，丧失；亏损；去世；损失→ vt.丢失，失
去→ adj.失去的，丢失的
2. adj.坦率的，直率的→ adv.坦率地
3. vt.忽视，对……不予理会→ adj.无知的
→ n.无知
4. adj.效率高的，有功效的→ n.效率
→ adv.高效地
loss
lose
lost
frank
frankly
ignore
ignorant
ignorance
efficient
efficiency
efficiently
5. vt.宽慰，抚慰 n.舒服；安慰→ adj.舒
适的→ adv.舒适地
6. n.死，死亡；死亡状态→ vi.死
7. n.一伙人，一帮人；人群 vt.挤满，使拥挤 vi.聚集；
挤，涌→ adj.拥挤的
8. vi.受苦，受折磨；变差 vt.遭受，蒙受→
n.痛苦，苦难→ n.患者，受难者
9. adj.宽宏大量的，仁慈的；慷慨的→
n.慷慨
comfort
comfortable
comfortably
death
die
crowd
crowded
suffer
suffering
sufferer
generous
generosity
拓展单词用活
用准用活
1. Tom well at the party； his good delighted
his parents greatly.（behave）
2. Two bombs in the centre of the city and
the caused seven deaths.（explode）
3. The old temple has kept many of its features， which tells
us the of the legend. ， people knew little about
it， but now it becomes very famous.（origin）
behaved
behaviour
exploded
explosion
original
origin
Originally
4. None of the audiences to her question；that is to say，
her question failed to get a from any of the audiences.
（respond）
5. The club is to those who want to learn Chinese.Join it，
and you will a lot from it.（benefit）
6. He faster than expected， and sunshine， fresh air and
enough rest contributed to his .（recover）
7. I to him for my behaviour but he didn’t accept
my .（apologize）
responded
response
beneficial
benefit
recovered
recovery
apologized
apology
8. He had changed so much that you couldn’t him.It’s
illness and age that changed him beyond .（recognize）
9. What he did to his company was ， and all his
colleagues showed their for him.（admire）
10. I carried the small lantern walking along the river.The light
was in the river.The was so beautiful.
（reflect）
recognize
recognition
admirable
admiration
reflected
reflection
（二）集中识记短语——不枯燥·求实效
第一组
1. （关系）陷于困境，濒临崩溃
2. 脱离某人的视线
3. 使显现，使表现出
4. 能够出席；准时到达；获得成功
5. 不知所措，困惑
6. 有错，应承担责任
7. 无论如何，不管怎样
8. 放弃，摒弃；松手，放开
9. 克服；恢复常态
on the rocks
out of one’s sight
bring out
make it
at a loss
in the wrong
in any case
let go of
get over
第二组
1. 依赖，依靠，指望
2. 腐蚀，侵蚀，逐渐破坏
3. 不顾艰难险阻，同甘共苦
4. 在某人看来
5. 消除（问题），克服（困难）
6. 注定要做某事，应做某事
7. 呈现，具有
8. 最大程度地，最大限度地
9. 损害……之间的关系，离间；妨碍
count on
eat away at
through thick and thin
in one’s opinion
smooth out
be meant to do sth
take on
in full measure
come between ...and ...
选用上面短语填空
1. （人教选必二）There are certainly disadvantages， but
， the advantages are much greater.
2. （北师大选必三）The virus was extremely infectious and the survival
rate was as low as 30% in some areas， indicating that very few
people it.
3. （外研选必一）My dance comes from their traditional belief and aims
to the Dai women’s beauty.
4. Luckily， after years of hard work he finally in his career.
in my
opinion
got over
bring out
made it
5. Eddie his dream to be a rock star， and focused on
schoolwork instead.
6. We may miss the next bus， but we’ll be there before
midday.
7. Rural education popularization will many problems
that are to settle.
8. He realized he was and promised to turn over a new
leaf.
let go of
in any case
smooth out
in the wrong
9. The company has a very serious financial problem and it is
now.
10. His wife stuck faithfully to him ， no
matter what happened to him.
on the
rocks
through thick and thin
密
码
解
读 本单元 re-（再，又）＋-spect-（看）→respect一再注视→尊敬
拓
展 词根-spect-
即
时
应
用 从〔密码解读〕中选择适当的单词并用其正确形式填空
1.（人教必修一）Thousands of people are still missing， and the
number of deaths is to grow even higher over the next few
days.
2.（北师选必三）The DNA is stored in a database， where policemen
can find the same or similar DNA to track down and
victims.
3.（北师大选必二）From my ， it seems that you are
constantly checking your phone for notifications or messages.
4.（人教选必四）With my proficiency in Chinese calligraphy， I
could also conduct classes for your visitors to help them learn more
about this beautiful of Chinese culture.
expected
suspects
perspective
aspect
（三）仿写活用句式——造佳句·表达高
句型公式 句式仿写
1.句型公式：so ...that ...引
导结果状语从句 教材原句：I was so angry that I
avoided her during school all
day， and I still don’t feel like
responding to any of her online
messages. 1.（2023·1月浙江卷）在整个活
动中，有那么多种令人难以置信的
植物，我被它们的外形和用途深深
地打动了。
Throughout the entire event， there
were
I was deeply moved by their
shapes and purposes.
so many incredible plants
that
（三）仿写活用句式——造佳句·表达高
句型公式 句式仿写
2.句型公式：as引导时间状语
从句 教材原句：As we walk the “path of life”， we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts， for quiet periods of reflection can lead to
personal improvement. 2.我还是个学生时，他的诗对我产生了强烈的影响。
His poems had a strong influence on me .
as I was a student
句型公式 句式仿写
4.句型公式：it作形式主语 教材原句：Finally， it should be
pointed out that enjoying the
company of a crowd is not the
same as being with friends. 4.体育是孩子们在学校最喜欢的科
目，这并不奇怪！
PE is the
kids’ favourite subject at school！
It is not surprising that
3
考点·多维突破
精讲精练，突破重难
Part Ⅰ 一维重点突破
Two robbers were believed to （rob）
a supermarket yesterday evening.Judging from the scene of the crime， the criminal didn’t go too far.There were so many people in the dark street that the police found it hard to pick them out.So the police immediately blocked the main roads to prohibit the suspects from escaping.The authority said that such crimes must be wiped out at all costs.At present， the police are looking the case.We are sincerely grateful to the police officers who work hard for the benefit of the community.
微技能热身
1. ①处应填 。
2. ②处prohibit可用 来替换。
3. ③处at all costs意为“ ”。
4. ④处应填介词 。
have robbed
stop/prevent
不惜任何代价
into
judge vt.& vi.评价，（尤指）批评；判断，认为 n.法官；裁判员
【练通】 单句语法填空
① （judge） from/by the number of cars， he thought there
were not many people at the club yet.
②What surprised me was your sharp insight， unique
（judge）， and calm response during my time of need.
Judging
judgment
【写美】 翻译句子
③就我的判断而言，这项活动意义重大。
As far as I can judge/In my judgment， this activity is of great significance.
【归纳】
（1）judge ...from/by ... 从……来判断……
as far as I can judge＝in my judgment 据我判断，我认为
（2）judging from/by ... 根据……判断；从……上看
（3）judgment n. 看法；判断力；判决
【佳句】 As the old saying goes，“You can’t judge a book by/from its
cover.”（名言警句）
俗话说：“不要以貌取人。”
【点津】 judging from/by ...用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子
主语和时态的影响。
escape vi.& vt.逃脱，躲避；逃跑；避开，避免；被遗忘 n.逃离，
逃脱
【练通】 单句语法填空
①The young man escaped （kill） in the explosion
because he had not been at work then.
②Compared with the （escape） driver， I am proud of
what I did.
being killed
escaped
【写美】 同义转换
③While shopping， I came across an old classmate， but I couldn’t
remember his name.
→While shopping， I came across an old classmate， but
.
his name
escaped me
【归纳】
（1）escape （doing） sth 逃避（做）某事
escape from 从……逃脱；逃避
sth escape（s） sb 某人忘记某事
（2）fire escape 太平梯；安全梯
a narrow escape 九死一生；死里逃生
（3）escaped adj. 逃跑了的，逃脱了的
【佳句】 At last，we had a narrow escape，fortunately escaping being
hurt by the hungry polar bear.最后，我们九死一生，很幸运没有被那
头饥饿的北极熊伤害到。
case n.具体情况，事例；案件；容器
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）I suggest that you put three to four students
together， with one as the group leader， which case we can
communicate with each other at a great depth.
②（2025·南京、盐城二模）So please pay attention to the weather
forecast just case you need to return to land.
in
in
【写美】 句式升级
③We can in no case go against the law of nature， or we’ll suffer a great
loss.
→In no case ， or we’ll suffer a
great loss.（倒装句）
can we go against the law of nature
【归纳】
in this/that case 假使这样/那样的话
in no case 决不（位于句首时，句子用部分倒装）
in any case 无论如何，不管怎样
in some case 在某些情况下
in case 假使；以防万一
in case of 假如发生；万一发生
as is often the case 这是常有的事
【佳句】 He gathered up all his camping gear and extinguished the
campfire carefully in case of an accident.
＝He gathered up all his camping gear and extinguished the campfire
carefully in case an accident happened.（动作描写）
他收起了所有的露营装备，小心地熄灭了篝火，以防发生意外事故。
benefit n.优势，益处，成效 vt.使受益 vi.得益于
【练通】 句型转换
①Miss Li inspired me to form the habit of reading books， which benefits
me a lot.
→Miss Li inspired me to form the habit of reading books，
.（benefit n.）
→Miss Li inspired me to form the habit of reading books，
.（beneficial adj.）
which is of
great benefit to me
which is
very beneficial to me
【写美】 完成句子
②Exhausted and hungry as I was，I
.
尽管我筋疲力尽，但我从植树活动中获益很多。
benefited a lot from the tree
planting activity
【归纳】
（1）be of great benefit to 对……大有裨益
for the benefit of 为了……的利益
to one’s benefit 对某人有利
（2）benefit from/by 得益于
benefit sb 使某人受益
（3）beneficial adj. 有益的，有利的
be beneficial to 对……有益/有利（to 为介词）
【佳句】 （北师大必修一）As people often say， any exercise is better
than none， but long-distance running in particular has a lot of benefits.
正如人们常说的，运动总比不运动好，特别是长跑有很多益处。
so ...that ...引导结果状语从句
I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day ...我如此生气
以至于在学校里一整天都躲着她……
【写美】 完成句子
①（人教必修二）She was
she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use
computers and the Internet.
她受到网友的启发，决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教年长一些的人们学习
使用电脑和互联网。
so inspired by the people she met online
that
②（北师大必修一）David put
he couldn’t swallow.
大卫在嘴里塞了太多布丁，以至于都吞不下去了。
so much pudding in his mouth that
③The fellow is burdened with it seems as if he
can hardly bear it any more.
这个家伙背负着如此沉重的债务，似乎再也无法忍受了。
such heavy debts that
【归纳】
（1）so ...that ...句型的基本结构：
so＋
（2）such ...that ...句型的基本结构：
such＋
【佳句】 There are so many famous artists present at this year’s
music festival that I’m writing to invite you to attend.（邀请信）
有如此多著名的艺术家出席今年的音乐节，所以我写信邀请你参加。
【点津】 上述so/such ...that ...句型，当so/such ...放在句首时，主
句要用部分倒装。
find＋it＋宾语补足语＋to do ...
We often find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than
our own.
我们经常发现意识到别人的缺点比意识到我们自身的缺点更容易些。
【写美】 完成句子
①He and looking very
worried.
他发现他的女儿被书籍包围着，看起来很焦虑。
found his daughter surrounded by books
②A cook will be immediately fired if he is
.
如果发现厨师在厨房吸烟，他将立即被解雇。
③（2024·1月浙江卷）Having a poor sense of direction， Eva
.
由于方向感差，伊娃发现自己不可能在这么大的大楼里四处走动。
found smoking in the
kitchen
found
it impossible to get around in such a huge building
【归纳】
（1）find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do ...（it是形式宾语，to do ...是真
正的宾语）
（2）“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构形式：
find＋宾语＋
【佳句】 Living in an information era，we find it easy and convenient
to have access to various English learning resources.生活在一个信息时
代，我们发现获得各种英语学习资源是很容易和方便的。
Luke was criticized by Mrs Brown for his absence
from class rather than his failure in the exam.She warned him not to be （absence） from class again； he would be removed from school.On reflection， Luke decided to apologize to Mrs Brown and promised that he would make changes to bring out the best in himself.Mrs Brown believed he had the ability to make it and counted on it that he would catch up with his classmates.
微技能热身
1. ①处应填入单词的正确形式为： 。
2. ②处应填的过渡词是 。
3. ③处that引导 从句。
4. The reason why Luke was criticized by his teacher was that .
A. he didn’t go to school
B. he didn’t pass the exam
absent
otherwise
宾语
A
apologize vi.道歉，谢罪
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my
wallet.I flashed him an （apology） smile as I pulled out
my Portuguese bankcard.
apologetic
【写美】 一句多译
②我不得不向你道歉，因为我不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。（道
歉信）
→I have to
at the appointed time.（apologize v.）
→I have to
at the appointed time.（apology n.）
apologize to you for not being able to accompany you to the
bookshop
make an apology to you for not being able to accompany
you to the bookshop
【归纳】
（1）apologize to sb for （doing） sth
为（做）某事而向某人道歉
（2）apology n. 道歉
owe sb an apology＝owe an apology to sb 应该向某人表示歉意
make an apology to sb （for ...） （为……）向某人道歉
（3）apologetic adj. 道歉的；表示歉意的；辩解的
【佳句】 I’m writing to apologize to you for being absent from your
birthday party last weekend.（道歉信）
我写信向你道歉，因为上周末我没能参加你的生日派对。
bring out 使显现，使表现出；出版
【练通】 用bring的相关短语填空
①The idea he came up with two months ago has a lot more
money for the company.
②For the benefit of the citizens，the government has taken measures
to the house prices.
brought in
bring down
【写美】 翻译句子
③当我把收据放进新钱包时，我发现这些小纸片中的每一张都勾起了
一段特别的回忆。
While putting the receipts into the new purse， I saw that each of these
little papers brought back a particular memory.
【归纳】
bring up 养育，抚养；提出；呕吐
bring about 引起；导致
bring back 使想起
bring down 降低；减少
bring in 引进；赚得，挣得
bring into 使进入某种状态
bring ...to life 使复活
bring ...to light 使……真相大白
【佳句】 （人教选必三）Looking at the faces of the figures in
these sculptures， one sees the faces of the past.History is
brought to life.看着这些雕塑中人物的脸部，（你）可以看到过
去的面貌。历史“复活”了。
make it能够出席；准时到达；获得成功
【练通】 用make的相关短语填空
①His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to what it
is.
②After being here for a while，my biggest impression is the complicated
mix of peoples and cultures that the nation.
③“Nothing is impossible to a willing heart”；as long as you have a
dream， keep trying and you’ll ， too.
make out
make up
make it
【写美】 完成句子
④By the light of the moon I could just
.（景物描写）
借着月光，我只能分辨出物体的形状和轮廓。
make out shapes and outlines of
stuff
【归纳】
make up 组成；编造；化妆
make up for 弥补；偿还
make out 理解；弄清
make sense 有道理，有意义
make up one’s mind （to do sth） 下定决心（做某事）
make use of 利用；使用
make sure 确保
make a difference 有影响，起作用
【佳句】 Inspired by the speech， the little girl made up her mind to
study even harder.（心理描写）
受到演讲的激励，小女孩下定决心更加努力地学习。
count on依赖，依靠，指望
【练通】 单句语法填空
①Don’t always count on others （help） you； you are old
enough to do the work by yourself.
to help
【写美】 翻译句子
②下次你在课堂上感到有点昏昏欲睡时，记得站起来伸伸懒腰！我相
信这个小小的改变能让你的一天大有不同。（count on）
Next time you feel a bit sluggish during class， remember to stand up and
stretch！I count on it that the small change can make a big difference in
your day.
【归纳】
count on/upon （＝depend/rely on/upon） 依赖，依靠；指望
count on sb to do sth 指望某人做某事
count on it that ... 相信……，指望……
count down （to sth） 倒计时
count sb in 把某人算入；包括某人
【佳句】 With her eyes resting on the list， she shrugged， “You can
count me in， I guess.”（动作描写）
目光停留在名单上，她耸了耸肩，说道：“我想你可以把我算进去。”
Part Ⅱ 二维微点练全
维度一 阅读词汇清障——一词多义/熟词生义
1. trick
A. n.诀窍 B. n.把戏，花招 C. vt.欺骗；哄骗
（1）Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose
works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors， 1880
－1990： Into the Light.
（2）Tricked out of a large quantity of money，he felt stupid.
（3）（2025·南通模拟）We were playing tricks on each other when
Mrs Virginia DeView cleared her throat and asked us to be quiet.
A
C
B
2. case
A. n.[C]事例，实例 B. n.实情，事实
C. n.[C]容器 D. n.[C]案件；官司
（1）They lost their case in the High Court， and had to pay
damages.
（2）Whatever the case， they favor the quick-and-easy decision.
（3）（人教选必二）Snow was later able to show a link between other
cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.
（4） There are many exhibits here， which are all in glass cases.
D
B
A
C
3. escape
A. n.逃离 B. v.逃脱；避开 C. vt.被遗忘
（1）Without delay， the two men escaped and returned to
safety.
（2）I’m sorry， but I’m afraid your name escaped me.
（3）For her， travel was an escape from the boredom of her everyday
life.
B
C
A
4. 词义猜测
（1）Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington，D.
C. ，which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.
（2）It’s reported that the cause of the crash was given as engine
failure.
（3）Each week I take my mother to do her shopping and visit the
doctor，providing company and transportation.
v.回
收，重新利用
n.故障，失灵
n.陪伴
（4）The family called the Italian Culture Ministry； the official
confirmed that the paintings were originals and worth as much as $50
million.
（5）As to the play， our weakness lies in such respects as roles’ facial
expressions，logical stress of dialogue and stage set.
（6）Her opinion counts because of her experience.
n.原作，原稿
n.方面
vi.重要
维度二 写作词汇夯实——词形转换/动词形式变化/固定搭配
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. （2024·全国甲卷）Well， （origin）， I’m from
Canada， but we moved to Australia when I was about five years old.
2. （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷） Without your （recognize）
and guidance， I couldn’t have written this article.
3. The （admire） and respect his uncle earned inspired
Nielsen to make a career （职业） in acting.
originally
recognition
admiration
4. As Danieu slowly regained consciousness in the
（recover） room， tears of gratitude welled up in his eyes.
5. To gain admission to a key university， the boy will
（definite） take advantage of the precious chance.
6. From your letter I know you take a great interest in Chinese characters
and Chinese culture， which is （benefit） to you.
7. （2023·新课标Ⅱ卷） （seek） and accepting
constructive feedback （反馈） is crucial to growth.
definitely
beneficial
Seeking
recovery
Ⅱ.补全句子
1. She （注定要成为一名医生），
as she had always shown a passion for healing.
2. Don’t let jealousy （损
害你和你最好的朋友之间的关系）； it’s not worth doing that.
3. The little girl quickly ran （脱离她妈
妈的视线） and got lost in the crowd.
4. It takes effort （保持友谊） over a long
distance between them.
5. Sometimes it’s hard （把我们的
想法用语言表达出来） accurately.
was meant to become a doctor
come between you and your best friend
out of her mother’s sight
to maintain friendships
to put our thoughts into words
Part Ⅲ 三维写作提能
第一步 练单句——词句优美，吸引眼球
1. 我写信向你道歉，星期五晚上我不能陪你去音乐会了。
（apologize；宾语从句）
I am writing to apologize to you that I can’t accompany you to the
concert on Friday evening.
道歉信——因不能赴约而向朋友道歉
2. 我父亲生病住院了，我认为我无法按时去了，这是我没预料到的。
（make it； think＋it＋宾语补足语＋for sb＋to do ...）
3. 无论如何，这个突变可能会让你感到失望和尴尬。（embarrassed；
in any case）
My father was ill in hospital， and I think it impossible for me to make it
on time， which I didn’t expect.
In any case， the sudden change may make you feel disappointed and
embarrassed.
4. 过错在我，如果下周末你（的时间）适合去音乐会的话，我将不胜
感激。（in the wrong）
5. 请你宽宏大量，我保证我不会再让你失望了。（generous；宾
语从句）
I’m in the wrong and I would appreciate it if next weekend is suitable for
you to go to the concert.
Please be kind and generous， and I guarantee that I will not let you down
again.
第二步 组语篇——文从字顺，赏心悦目
I am writing to apologize to you that I can’t accompany you to the
concert on Friday evening.My father was ill in hospital， and I think it
impossible for me to make it on time， which I didn’t expect.In any
case， the sudden change may make you feel disappointed and
embarrassed. I’m in the wrong and I would appreciate it if next weekend
is suitable for you to go to the concert.Please be kind and generous， and
I guarantee that I will not let you down again.
厚积薄发，下笔有神
亮
词 情感描写：awkward；horrible；frank；failure；at a loss；
joy→joyful
动作描写：recover；respond；trick；suffer；misunderstand；make it；comfort；admire
美
句 ①When I was an awkward primary school student，she was the
popular girl who was willing to make friends with me.（背景描写）
②Whether we’re walking to school， doing homework or just
hanging out at the weekend， we’re hardly out of each other’s
sight.（动作描写）
③I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day， and I still
don’t feel like responding to any of her online messages.The stress of
this situation is killing me， and I’m at a loss what to do next.（情
绪描写）
④More often than not，close friendships will help smooth out the
sometimes rocky road that we are all meant to travel.（主旨升华）
情感描写之“羞愧、尴尬”
词汇
单
词 ①embarrass v.使尴尬→embarrassed adj.尴尬的
→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬/难堪的→embarrassment n.
尴尬；难堪（的事）
②shame n.羞耻，惭愧
→ashamed adj.惭愧的；羞愧的
→shameful adj.可耻的；丢脸的
③guilt n.内疚；自责→guilty adj.内疚的
词汇
词
块 ①glow with embarrassment 窘得满脸通红
②lower one’s head with shame羞愧地低下头
③hide one’s inner embarrassment 隐藏内心的尴尬
④feel one’s face burning 觉得脸在燃烧
⑤a flush/blush of embarrassment comes to one’s cheeks
脸颊上露出了尴尬的表情
美句
①（2025·衡阳联考）“Do you still think washing the clothes a piece of cake？” Dad asked.Jeff shook his head， embarrassed.
Then， I helped him finish the remaining work of rinsing and drying.
“你还觉得洗衣服是小菜一碟吗？”爸爸问道。杰夫尴尬地摇
了摇头。然后，我帮他完成了剩下的冲洗和晾晒工作。
②At that moment，the woman was so ashamed that she covered her face with mouth wide open and face turning red instantly.
在那一刻，这位妇女感到非常羞愧，她大张着嘴捂住了脸，脸立刻变红了。
③She lowered a bit of her body and hesitated for a moment，wondering how to hide her inner embarrassment.
她俯下身来，犹豫了一会儿，想知道如何掩饰内心的尴尬。
情境导语 为了买喜欢的布娃娃，安娜偷偷地从家里拿走了两美元，
当她回到家时……
第一步 完成句子
1. 房间里陷入一阵尴尬的沉默，父亲的眼神颇显不悦。
， and there was a rather
unpleasant look in Father’s eyes.（场景描写）
An embarrassed silence fell in the room
2. 他尴尬地咳了一声，蹙眉对她说：“你怎么能这样做呢？”
He ， frowning at her， “How could you
do that？”（神态描写）
3. 安娜意识到父母已经知道她拿走了2美元，她顿时感到羞愧。
Anna realized that her parents had already known that she had taken
$2， .（心理描写）
4. 安娜脸涨得通红，她窘迫地往别处看了一眼。
.She glanced
away， .（神态描写；形容词作状语）
gave an embarrassed cough
and she immediately felt ashamed
Blood rushed to/Colour flooded Anna’s face
embarrassed
5. 为了掩饰尴尬，她低下头，希望没人能注意到她有多么尴尬。
In an attempt to ，
she ， hoping no one
would notice .（肢体动
作；心理描写）
hide her embarrassment
dropped/hung/bowed/lowered her head
how embarrassed/awkward she was
第二步 连句成文
An embarrassed silence fell in the room， and there was a rather
unpleasant look in Father’s eyes.He gave an embarrassed cough，
frowning at her， “How could you do that？” Anna realized that her
parents had already known that she had taken $2， and she immediately
felt ashamed.Blood rushed to/Colour flooded Anna’s face.She glanced
away， embarrassed.In an attempt to hide her embarrassment， she
dropped/hung/bowed/lowered her head， hoping no one would notice how
embarrassed/awkward she was.
4
素养·培育落实
真题剖析，深度探究
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）On March 7， 1907， the
English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which
illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases， the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors，
those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to
overestimate， and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors
are averaged together， they cancel each other out， resulting in a more
accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors，
then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms，
the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.
If， for whatever reasons， people’s errors become correlated or
dependent， the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist
（转折） on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was
that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were
allowed to have a discussion， the averages from these groups were more
accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For
instance， the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion
groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained
from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students， the researchers
tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their
discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their
estimates？ Did they follow those least willing to change their minds？
This happened some of the time， but it wasn’t the dominant response.
Most frequently， the groups reported that they “shared arguments and
reasoned together.” Somehow， these arguments and reasoning resulted
in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many
questions remain， the potential implications for group discussion and
decision-making are enormous.
32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about？（ ）
A. The methods of estimation.
B. The underlying logic of the effect.
C. The causes of people’s errors.
D. The design of Galton’s experiment.
解析： 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段解释了“群体智
慧”效应的基本逻辑。
√
33. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even
if .（ ）
A. the crowds were relatively small
B. there were occasional underestimates
C. individuals did not communicate
D. estimates were not fully independent
√
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的In more technical terms， the
wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.和第
三段中的when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were
allowed to have a discussion ...independent individuals可知，Navajas的
研究发现，即使团队成员的估计不是完全独立的，估计的平均准确度
也可以提高。
34. What did the follow-up study focus on？（ ）
A. The size of the groups.
B. The dominant members.
C. The discussion process.
D. The individual estimates.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，后续研究主要关注小
组成员在讨论中的行为。研究人员发现，大多数情况下，小组成员表
示他们“分享观点并共同推理”。因此，后续研究的重点是小组讨论
的过程。
√
35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies？（ ）
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive.
C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
解析： 观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，尽管Navajas的研究
有局限性，但是对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。由此判断，
作者对Navajas的研究持赞同的态度。
√
（一）由文本积阅读词汇
1. illustrate v. 说明；阐明
2. estimate n. 估计；判断
3. similar adj. 相像的；类似的
4. implication n. 可能的影响（或作用、结果）；含意，暗指
5. enormous adj. 巨大的；极大的
6. correlated adj. 有相互关系的 （课标外词汇）
7. follow-up adj. 进一步的
8. underlying adj. 潜在的；表面下的；根本的（课标外词汇）
9. dominant adj. 占支配地位的；占优势的 （课标外词汇）
10. dismissive adj. 轻蔑的；鄙视的；不屑一顾的（课标外词汇）
（二）由文本积主题词块
1. be known as ... 作为……而闻名
2. a large number of 大量的；很多
3. tend to overestimate 倾向于高估
4. cancel out 抵消
5. for instance 例如
6. the “wisdom of crowds” effect “群体智慧”效应
7. result in a global reduction in error 导致错误的全局减少
（三）由文本知变式运用
1. 学习构词（派生词）
（1）statistician n.统计学家 [statistic （n.）＋后缀-ian]
（2）capitalize v.利用 [capital （n.）＋后缀-ize]
（3）dependent adj.依赖的，依靠的 [depend （v.）＋后缀-ent]
（4）significantly adv. 显著地；有重大意义地 [significant （adj.）＋
后缀-ly]
（5）limitation n.限制；控制 [limit （v.）＋后缀-ation]
（6）overestimate v.高估 [前缀over-＋estimate （v.）]
2. 近义替换（用文中词汇替换）
（1）take advantage of＝ （第二段）
（2）mistake＝ （第二段）
（3）precise＝ （第三段）
3. 熟词生义（文中生义）
reason [熟义] n.理由
→[生义] v. （第四段第五句）
capitalize on
error
accurate
推理；推论；推断
（四）由文本学靓丽表达
1. On March 7， 1907， the English statistician Francis Galton published
a paper
（阐述了所谓的“群体智慧”效应）.（定语从
句；宾语从句）
2. When enough of these errors are averaged together， they cancel each
other out， （从而产生更准确
的估计）.（非谓语动词作状语）
which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom
of crowds” effect
resulting in a more accurate estimate
（五）由文本探析长难句
The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided
into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion， the averages
from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of
independent individuals.
分析：The key finding of the study 是句子的主语，谓语was后
的 引导一个表语从句；该表语从句又是一个
句，when crowds were further divided into smaller groups ...是时间状
语从句，其中groups后的that引导的是 从句，从句修饰先行词
groups。
译文：
that
主从复合
定语
这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步分成更小的群体，
（且）这些更小的群体被允许进行讨论时，这些群体（的估计）的平
均值比同样数量的独立个体（的估计）的平均值更准确。
5
技能·锤炼提升
统筹组合，全面训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
（2025·盐城模拟）Passive-aggressive （消极抗拒） behaviour
can feel “normal” — especially if it’s how we’ve grown up seeing
others around us deal with relationship issues.Whether done verbally （言
语上） or non-verbally， passive aggression is meant to avoid hurting
someone else’s feelings， escape conflict， or show disagreement
without being outspoken in it.
It’s a more common way of dealing with things than you might
think.But why are we passive-aggressive？ What are the signs we can
look out for to recognize being passive-aggressive？ And how does it
affect us？
There are many reasons why someone might display passive-
aggressive behaviour， including insecurity or fear of losing control， as
well as using it as a way to handle feelings of stress， anxiety， or
depression.It can also be a way to try to deal with rejection or conflict，
because of feelings of under-appreciation， or due to worry that any
natural feelings of anger aren’t the right response， and so it becomes an
attempt to sugarcoat things.
We almost all exhibit signs of passive aggression from time to time，
but when it becomes a habit within our relationships， it can become
upsetting for the other person involved， causing a divide.And for the
person exhibiting this behaviour， their inability to say what is wrong
clearly can often worsen the issue as it isn’t being dealt with
directly.Ultimately， passive aggression prevents change and growth，
leading to more negative behaviour， the breakdown of trust， and further
relationship problems.
Admitting that you have a problem and need to change is not just
good for your relationship， but also a huge help in your life.If you’re
struggling and aren’t sure where to begin， ask yourself “Could I
unintentionally （or intentionally） be hurting my relationship？ Is it
worth saving my relationship， or do I want to risk things getting worse？
Would I be happy if my partner acted the way I’ve been acting？”
Change doesn’t happen overnight， but， with time and effort，
you can find new， healthier ways of communicating how you are
feeling， and start to strengthen the bonds within your relationship.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了消极抗拒这种人际交往
中的新现象，分析其产生的原因及其可能造成的其他后果并提出了
有效解决它的建议。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了消极抗拒这种人际交往
中的新现象，分析其产生的原因及其可能造成的其他后果并提出了
有效解决它的建议。
1. What is the possible passive-aggressive response to displeasure？
（ ）
A. Turning to rude languages.
B. Displaying violent behavior.
C. Hiding his true inner feelings.
D. Coming into conflict with others.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，为避免对他人产
生伤害，避免冲突以及间接地表现出分歧，就要隐藏人内心的真
实感受。
√
2. What can we learn about passive-aggressive people？（ ）
A. They are sometimes overconfident in themselves.
B. They believe conflicts should be resolved directly.
C. Their passive-aggressive behavior doesn’t last long.
D. Their behaviour likely leads to more negative results.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，消极的抗拒行为
是其他负面行为的根源，他们的行为可能会导致更多负面的结果。
√
3. What do the underlined words “the issue” in Paragraph 4 refer to？
（ ）
A. The behavior. B. The divide.
C. The inability. D. The habit.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第四段内容可知，issue这里指代的不是
behavior，因为这里的behavior指代的是passive aggression，则issue应
该指代的是上句中的divide （分歧）。
√
4. What should you do to make a change？（ ）
A. Start with a self-reflection.
B. Apologize to the other side.
C. Copy how the partner acts.
D. Let time cure everything.
解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的三个问句可知，作者认
为从自我反省开始才能作出改变。
√
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
（2025·南京模拟）
How to Stop Being a People Pleaser
As a recovering people pleaser， I spent much of my life keeping
others happy.Breaking this habit meant stepping on toes.However，
I’ve become a happier person as a result.Here are some tips I used to
stop being a people pleaser.
Identify your priorities.Take a moment to think about why you are
trying to learn how to stop being a people pleaser.Who are the people that
you feel the need to please？5.（ ） Answering these questions will
help you set a goal that you can hold yourself accountable for.
Just say “no”.One reason why people pleasers say “yes” to
everything is that they fear disappointing others.6.（ ） If you are a
people pleaser， you are likely to spend lots of energy trying to control
how people feel about you.The best thing you can do is let them feel their
feelings.It will feel liberating to free yourself from being responsible for
someone else’s reaction.
7. （ ） Saying “no” is a good way to set better boundaries in
your important relationships.All healthy relationships have their own
boundaries.If you haven’t set boundaries in your relationships， the
odds are that at some point you will end up feeling pressured to do
something you don’t want to do.
Accept yourself.Many people pleasers are insecure about who they
are.8.（ ） Check out our summary of Brené Brown’s The Gifts of
Imperfection to learn how to accept your imperfections and love yourself.
Remember that you cannot please everyone.No matter what you do
there will always be someone who is unhappy with your choices.
9.（ ）
A. Set healthy boundaries.
B. Keep healthy relationships.
C. Why do you feel the need to keep them happy？
D. Spend some time learning to love yourself for who you are.
E. And why bother trying to please everyone if it isn’t possible？
F. But saying “no” is the best way to take care of your own needs.
G. That is why the more you seek security， the less of it you have.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作为一个曾经取悦他人的人，作者
分享了自己是如何通过一系列努力摆脱这一习惯并变得更加快乐
的。
5. C 空前提到要思考你为什么想要试着学习如何停止取悦他人，以
及你感觉需要取悦哪些人。空后提到“回答这些问题”。C项与上下
文形成连贯的逻辑关系，属于思考的问题之一，且其中的them指代空
前的the people。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作为一个曾经取悦他人的人，作者
分享了自己是如何通过一系列努力摆脱这一习惯并变得更加快乐
的。
6. F 根据空前一句可知，取悦他人者害怕让别人失望，因此对一切
事物说“是”。这里需要给出一种解决方案或建议，且应与本段主旨
句Just say “no”.有关，F项（但说“不”是照顾你自己需求的最好
方式）符合语境。
7. A 空后内容讲到：说“不”是在重要关系中设定更好界限的好方
法，所有健康关系都有自己的界限，如果在关系中没有设定界限，很
可能在某个时刻你会感到被迫去做不想做的事情。故A项（设定健康
的界限）最能概括整段内容，为本段主旨句。
8. D 本段的主题是“接受你自己”。上文提到许多取悦他人的人不
自信，这里需要给出一种解决方案或建议来帮助他们建立自信。D项
（花点时间学会爱真实的自己）给出了建议且与接纳自我的段落主题
一致，符合语境。
9. E 上文提到无论你做什么都会有人不满意你的选择，E项（如果
不可能取悦所有人，那么为什么还要费心去做？）与上文内容紧密相
连，符合语境。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
（2025·南京名校联考）假定你是学生会主席李华，负责接待到
你校参观的英国交换生。请为你校学生自主创设的校园文化长廊
（corridor）准备一份解说词。内容包括：
（1）表示欢迎；
（2）长廊简介。
注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右；
（2）请按如下格式作答。
Dear friends from the UK，
I’m Li Hua， President of the Students’Union.
Thank you！
参考范文：
Dear friends from the UK，
I’m Li Hua， President of the Students’ Union.I’d like to extend
my warmest welcome to you！
As you walk down our campus cultural corridor， you will be
immersed in the rich cultures of our school.The corridor is decorated with
paintings， sculptures， and other art forms that are created by our
students.It serves as a platform to showcase their artistic talents.
Moreover， you will also find historical relics and cultural artifacts of
our school， showcasing our proud traditions and heritage.We hope you
enjoy your time.
Thank you！
演示完毕 感谢观看 !
