UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
阅读理解
A
Almost half a billion small， cheap electrical everyday items from headphones to handheld fans ended up in landfill in the UK in the past year， according to research.
The not-for-profit organization Material Focus， which conducted the research， said the scale of the issue was huge and they wanted to encourage more recycling.
More than half a billion cheaply priced electronic goods were bought in the UK in the past year alone — 16 per second.Material Focus findings showed that of these items， 471m were thrown away.This included 260m disposable vapes， 26m cables， 29m LED， solar and decorative lights， 9.8m USB sticks， and 4.8m miniature fans.
Scott Butler， executive director at Material Focus， described it as “fast tech”.He said， “People should think carefully about buying some of the more frivolous items in the first place.” He said the items people bought were often “cheap and small”， and that consumers may not realize they contain valuable materials that could be salvaged if recycled.
Small electricals can contain precious materials including copper， lithium and stainless steel.These components can be recycled and used in wind turbines， medical devices and electric vehicles.Material Focus said that while people were used to the idea of recycling larger electrical items such as fridges， lots of smaller devices were left unused in houses.
Butler said， “We want to get the message across that anything with a plug， battery or cable can be recycled and there’s somewhere near you to do it.The scale of the issue is huge， but there’s an easy solution — just as the trend for recycling and repurposing fashion has grown and grown， we want to encourage the nation to recycle fast tech， guilt-free and fuss-free.”
Material Focus said that when consumers bought a cheap item， they saw it as disposable.They estimate that UK citizens spent more than f2.8bn on these cheap products in the past year.The non-profit group described it as “the tip of the iceberg” when it comes to the growing issue of wasted electricals in the UK.More than 100，000 tonnes of waste electricals are thrown away every year， and there are 880m electrical items of all kinds lying unused in UK homes.
1.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？（ ）
A.The research was carried out by the authorities to encourage recycling.
B.Cheaply priced electronic goods are easy to be thrown away around the world.
C.Disposable vapes made up the majority of cheap electrical goods that ended up in landfill.
D.British people are inclined to buy cheap electrical goods.
2.What can we infer from Butler’s words in Paragraph 4？（ ）
A.Cheap items don’t deserve consumer’s careful use.
B.Valuable materials can be found in these cheap and small electrical goods.
C.Low-quality electrical goods are easy to be recycled.
D.Consumers should stop buying these “fast tech” in the first place.
3.What did Butler appeal to people to do？ （ ）
A.They’d better recycle small devices as well as larger ones.
B.They’d better set up somewhere near them to do the recycling.
C.They’d better catch the trend of disposing small and cheap items.
D.They’d better spread the idea of “fast tech”.
4.What’s the main idea of the passage？（ ）
A.Tons of small and cheap electrical items are thrown away.
B.Legal efforts should be made to ban small electrical items.
C.“Fast Tech” — the future generation.
D.Recycling valuable materials from electronics is urgent.
B
（2025·岳阳一中模拟）Growing up in Kenya， Lesein Mutunkei， together with his family， always celebrated significant occasions by planting trees， which motivated him to protect the environment.It’s what the now 18-year-old soccer player treasures， especially since Kenya has an ongoing problem with deforestation.
Mutunkei follows in the footsteps of the late Kenyan Nobel Peace Prize winner Wangari Maathai， who founded the Green Belt Movement in 1977.This initiative has resulted in the planting of over 51 million trees to date.
In 2018， Lesein decided to start a movement of his own.He started by planting one tree for every goal he scored during a football match.He called it Trees4Goals， and it has grown so much that he now plants 11 trees， one for each member of his team， every time he scores.Through this， he wants to inspire young people， specifically his fellow athletes， to follow in his footsteps， take nature conservation seriously， and promise to plant trees every time they score.As a result， some of them have adapted to this practice for their sports.“Seeing that they’re taking that responsibility because of the project I started， for me， that is the biggest achievement，” he said.
The initiative has caught the attention of English football club Arsenal and Kenya’s Ministry of Environment and Forestry， which he now works with regularly and gets advice from.
Like Green Belt Movement， Trees4Goals， which has planted 5，500 trees so far， has made it.While Lesein has received some recognition for his initiative， he sets his sights on making it a worldwide phenomenon.“Football is a universal game， and climate change is a universal problem，” he explains.“It has the power to unite， educate and inspire my generation to create a safer and greener future.” This is why he wants to work with the world’s biggest football federation FIFA.
As for what others can do to fight deforestation or other environmental concerns， the teenager says it’s important to just get involved in some way， no matter how small.
5.What made Lesein get interested in environmental protection？（ ）
A.The influence of his family.
B.Wangari Maathai’s huge assistances.
C.The demand of the football team.
D.His fellow athletes’ encouragement.
6.Why did Lesein found Trees4Goals？（ ）
A.To gain Kenya’s support. B.To set an example for others.
C.To catch Arsenal’s attention. D.To show his achievements.
7.What is Lesein’s hope for the future of Trees4Goals？（ ）
A.Promoting football’s development. B.Going global with the help of FIFA.
C.Beating climate change completely. D.Getting beyond Green Belt Movement.
8.What can we learn from Lesein’s story？（ ）
A.Fame is a great thirst of the young.
B.A youth is to be regarded with respect.
C.Positive thinking and action result in success.
D.Success means getting personal desires satisfied.
UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在过去的一年里，大量日常小电器被扔进了英国的垃圾填埋场。Material Focus表示，这个问题非常严重，他们希望鼓励更多的人回收利用这些小电器。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Material Focus findings showed that of these items， 471m were thrown away.This included 260m disposable vapes可知，最终被填埋的廉价电器里大多数是一次性电子烟。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第四段巴特勒的话我们可以推断出，在这些便宜的小电器产品中可以找到有价值的材料。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第六段内容可知，巴特勒呼吁人们最好回收小型设备和大型设备。
4.A 主旨大意题。文章介绍了在过去的一年里，大量日常小电器被扔进了英国的垃圾填埋场。Material Focus表示，这个问题非常严重，他们希望鼓励更多的人回收利用这些小电器。由此可知，本文的中心思想是成吨的小而便宜的电器被扔掉。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在肯尼亚长大的Lesein Mutunkei是一名足球队员，他发起了“一球一树（Trees4Goals）运动”，每进球一次，他为球队的每一位成员种一棵树，激励其他年轻人去保护环境。到目前为止，该运动已经种植了5500棵树。
5.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，在Lesein成长的过程中，他和他的家人总是以种树的方式来庆祝重要的节日，这激励他去保护环境。
6.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Through this， he wants to inspire ...promise to plant trees every time they score.可知，Lesein发起“一球一树运动”是为了作出表率来激励他人保护环境。
7.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的While Lesein has received some recognition ...on making it a worldwide phenomenon.可知，在FIFA的帮助下，Lesein 希望“一球一树运动”走向全球。
8.C 推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，Lesein从小耳濡目染，很有环保意识，后受到启发，发起了“一球一树运动”并取得了成功。由此可见，他的故事说明：积极的思考和行动会带来成功。
3 / 3Part Ⅰ 一维重点突破
As is known to all， cultural relics belong to our country rather than individuals.However， some people are in search of them and， in turn， take possession of them illegally.Some of them have been damaged while only a few survive.Therefore， every one of us should make all efforts to protect them from （destroy）.Some workers have come up with effective ways to protect them， especially those items left by soldiers who died in defence of our country. 微技能热身 1.①处are in search of可用 替换。 2.②处应填 。 3.Which of the following statements is TRUE？（ ） A.Cultural relics belong to individuals. B.We don’t have to protect cultural relics. C.All of us should make efforts to protect cultural relics. D.The government should ignore the fact that someone takes possession of cultural relics illegally.
damage vt.& n.损害，伤害，损坏，破坏
【练通】 补全句子
①（人教选必三）A dentist once examined me and told me that too much sugar in my meals （已损害了我的牙齿和健康）.
【写美】 翻译句子
②众所周知，抽烟损害我们的健康。（damage n.）
【归纳】
对……造成损害
（2）damage one’s health 损害某人的健康
（3）damaging adj. 破坏性的
【佳句】 （人教必修二）Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt’s cultural heritage.
大坝泄流可能会损坏许多寺庙，摧毁一批文物，而这些文物是埃及文化遗产的重要组成部分。
survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（外研选必三） （survive） of the D-Day landings continue to meet to remember the fellow soldiers and friends they lost that day.
②If cancers are spotted early， there is a high chance of （survive）.
【写美】 完成句子
③Rowling ， spending all her time writing.
罗琳过了很多年拮据的生活，她把所有的时间都花在写作上。
【归纳】
（1）A survive B （by ...） A比B活得长（……）
survive on 依靠……生存下来
survive from ... 从……留存/保存下来
（2）survivor n. 幸存者；生还者
survival n. [U] 幸存；[C] 残存物
【佳句】 The Xi’an Ancient City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. （求助信）
西安古城墙是中国悠久历史上幸存下来的最完整的城墙。
【点津】 survive本身已表示“幸存，幸免于”，不需要在其宾语前加in或from。
defence n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守
【练通】 补全句子
①All the people， men and women， young and old， were fighting against the flood （保卫他们自己的家园）.
②He broke everyone’s heart so nobody spoke out （站在他这一边）.
【写美】 完成句子
③He planned to learn kung fu in the summer holidays so that he can .
他计划在暑假学习功夫，这样他就可以保护自己免受攻击。
【归纳】
（1）in defence （of） 保护；为了保卫；（为……）辩护
in one’s defence 为某人辩护；站在某人一边
（2）defend vt. 保卫；保护
defend ...against/from （doing） ... 保护……免受……
defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护
【佳句】 Local government set up some natural reserves in defence of animals close to extinction.
当地政府建立了一些自然保护区，以保护濒临灭绝的动物。
come up with想出，想到；提出
【练通】 用come的相关短语填空
①Specialists can new ways to solve the problem of air pollution.
②As soon as the project at the meeting， it attracted many people’s attention.
③I will try my best to overcome the barriers I and never give up.
【写美】 完成句子
④I will never that you were an hour late on such a short journey.
我永远也想不明白你怎么在这么短的路程上迟到了一个小时。
【归纳】
come up 出现；被提出；走近；发芽；升起
come out 出版；开花；（月亮或星星等）出现
come about 发生
come across （偶然）遇见，发现；被理解
come to 总计；达到
when it comes to ...当谈到……（to是介词）
【佳句】 When it comes to the season I like best， spring will always occur to me in no time.
当谈到我最喜欢的季节时，我总会立刻想到春天。
【点津】 come up 表示“被提出”，为不及物动词短语，不用于被动语态；而come up with 表示“提出”，为及物动词短语。
Whether there is life on Mars is still puzzle to us， which calls for the scientists’ research and further exploration.The Earth is about six times the size of Mars.Whether we can land on Mars depends on the （develop） of science and technology.Perhaps it is impossible for life to exist due to lacking oxygen on Mars.If we are to go to Mars one day， we should have to take along our own oxygen， food， clothing and shelter， without which our body would break down on Mars. ， some material on Mars can harm our health， and we must find ways to get rid of it. 微技能热身 1.①处应填 。puzzle在此处是抽象名词具体化，a puzzle可翻译为“ ”。本句中Whether there is life on Mars是一个 从句。 2.②处应填 ；本句也是whether引导的 从句。 3.③处可填入衔接词 。 A.On the contrary B.At the same time C.Worse still D.To our regret
harm n.& vt.伤害，损害
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（2023·全国乙卷）There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing （harm） gases， such as carbon dioxide.
【写美】 句型转换
②Some boys are too crazy about computer games， which does/causes great harm to their health.
→Some boys are too crazy about computer games， .（非谓语动词作状语）
【归纳】
（1）do/cause harm to sb＝do/cause sb harm 对某人有害
there is no harm in doing sth做某事没有害处
（2）harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to 对……有害
【佳句】 When it comes to the ocean， overfishing does/causes harm to its ecosystem.
＝When it comes to the ocean， overfishing is harmful to its ecosystem. （海洋保护）
当谈到海洋时，过度捕捞对它的生态系统有害。
call for （公开）要求；需要
【练通】 用call的相关短语填空
①（北师大选必二）Finally， after he had been waiting for about half an hour， he was for his consultation.
②Their travel plan was because of the bad weather.
③Your letter those pleasant days when we worked together.
【写美】 翻译句子
④这种工作需要耐心和坚强的意志。
【归纳】
call at 停靠；（短时间）停留
call off 取消；停止进行
call on/upon 拜访（某人）；号召
call in 召来，请来；收回
call forth 引起，使产生
call back 回电话；回来
call up （给……）打电话；选中（……参加运动队）；使回忆起，使想起
【佳句】 Keep in mind that rebuilding our green and clean Earth calls for everyone’s efforts and contributions.
请牢记重建我们绿色、清洁的地球需要每个人的努力和贡献。
due to 由于，因为
【练通】 单句语法填空
①The boat is due （arrive） at 12：00， so remember to pick me up on time.
【写美】 翻译句子
②（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）由于一场大风暴，我的航班被延误了一个半小时。
【归纳】
due adj. 应得的；应付的；预定的
be due to sb 应付给某人
be due to do sth 预定/预期做某事
【佳句】 The football match is due to begin in the stadium at 3 this afternoon.
今天下午3点，足球比赛将在体育场举行。
【点津】 “因为，由于”的介词短语：because of、on account of、as a result of、owing to、thanks to等。
break down 使分解（为），使变化（成）；（机器等）出故障，抛锚；（身体、精神）垮掉，崩溃；（谈判、计划等）失败，破裂；消除（尤指某种情感或态度），破坏
【练通】 用break的相关短语填空
①（人教必修二）Finally， in the 20th century， the southern part of Ireland the UK， which resulted in the full name we have today： the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
【写美】 完成句子
②She longed to but didn’t want to appear rude.
她很想打断他们的谈话，但又不愿显得粗鲁。
【归纳】
break in 破门而入；打断（谈话），插嘴
break into 闯入；突然开始
break out 爆发，突然发生
break through 突破；克服，战胜
break away from 脱离，挣脱
【佳句】 After all， communication can help break down the barriers between the young and their parents.毕竟，交流有助于消除年轻人和父母之间的隔阂。
倍数表达法
With an area of around 6 million square kilometres， the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.
亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国陆地面积的一半还要大。
【写美】 一句多译
我的农场已经扩展成了一个大农场，是原来的三倍大。
→My farm has expanded into a big one， which is . （倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than ...）
→My farm has expanded into a big one， which is . （倍数＋the＋size＋of）
→My farm has expanded into a big one， which is .（倍数＋what从句）
【归纳】
常见的倍数表达法：
（1）A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词（size/weight/length/ ...）＋of＋B
（2）A＋be＋倍数＋what从句
（3）A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as＋B
（4）A＋be＋倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than＋B
【佳句】 Founded 10 years ago， Youth has six times as many readers as it did when first published. （短文投稿）
创刊于十年前的《青春》现在的读者数量是创刊时的六倍。
“介词＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句
The Amazon River， from which the rainforest gets its name， is close to 6，400 kilometres in length — roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.
亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近6400千米，比长江还长约100千米。
【写美】 完成句子
①（北师大选必二）This may explain why he loves fast cars， .
这也许是他为什么那么喜欢跑车，而且收藏了很多跑车的原因吧。
②（人教必修三）The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese， .
如今唐人街的绝大多数居民依旧是华人，他们中很多人英语说得并不流利。
③These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish， .
这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了绝佳的栖息地，而一部分鸟和鱼又以危害水稻的昆虫为食。
④（外研必修三）After several months， Ryan had raised the $2，000， in Uganda.
几个月后，瑞安筹到了2000美元。有了这笔钱，乌干达的一所小学旁边建起了一口井。
【归纳】
（1）在“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词指物用which，指人用whom，不能用that或who代替，也不可省略。但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制。
（2）“介词＋which/whom”可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。此结构中，介词的确定原则是：
①依据定语从句中动词或形容词等的某种习惯搭配而定；
②依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定；
③表示“所有关系”或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。
（3）关系副词when、where、why可用“介词＋which”来替换。
【佳句】 Employing various skills I had learned， I also recorded the scene where children were running and bouncing happily on the grass， due to which the painting were entitled “Youth in Summer”. （告知信）
我运用所学的各种技巧，还记录了孩子们在草地上快乐地奔跑、跳跃的场景，因此这幅画被命名为“夏日青春”。
Part Ⅱ 二维微点练全
维度一 阅读词汇清障——一词多义/熟词生义
1.branch
A.n.（政府或机构）部门 B.n.分店，分部 C.n.树枝 D.n.支流，岔路
（1）（人教选必一）Spreading out before me， branches of the Rapa River flow through the valley below.
（2）...the Chinese tea chain has already set two Australian branches open in Brisbane and Melbourne.
（3）They cut away all the dead branches from the tree.
（4）The matter should be resolved by the executive branch of government.
2.track
A.vt.跟踪，追踪 B.n.小路，小径 C.n.跑道 D.n.足迹，踪迹
（1）（2024·北京卷） Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen.
（2）（2024·1月浙江卷） In her first P.E.class， Eva was shocked when Coach Pitt announced that everyone had to run one mile around the track outside.
（3）Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.
（4）（人教选必四）It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds.
3.break down
A.分解 B.（身体等）垮掉
C.（谈判等）失败 D.（情感等）失控、崩溃
E.打破，消除 F.（机器等）出故障，抛锚
（1）（北师大必修二）First，his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.
（2）But she was told those unable to go home sometimes broke down in tears， so here came three.
（3）History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.
（4）Talks between the two sides had broken down， which made us disappointed.
（5）In other words， your health will break down if you work too hard.
（6）Chemicals in the body break down our food into useful substances.
4.词义猜测
（1）You can turn to Simon for advice，who is a computer nut.
（2）Now that we are in the information age， we have new concepts such as the computer， information processing， virtual reality， and simulation.
（3）I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand.
维度二 写作词汇夯实——词形转换/动词形式变化/固定搭配
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.（北师大选必一）Of course， as we humans depend on so many species for our （survive）， we would also be at risk of dying out.
2.（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）If he seems a little （defence）， it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.
3.（北师大必修二）He visited sick children in hospitals and worked with （organise） such as Save the Children，speaking out about health， education and child protection to help those most in need.
4.（人教选必一）Einstein， who was Jewish， found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. （consequent）， he had to flee Germany.
5.I told him how （harm） plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.
6.（北师大选必三）Each disease can only （official） be classified as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease.
7.The waste from the factory is highly （poison） and must be handled with care.
8.Many measures have been taken to reduce （poor） and increase people’s income in that country.
9.If you want to make some achievements in literature， you must apply yourself it.
10.The workers went on strike to protest the economic policy of the government.
11.The new technology is expected to （apply） to a wide range of industries， including healthcare， finance， and transportation.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1.When you look down from the mountain， you will see （一片绿色的海洋）.
2.The scientists （正在寻找） more new energy sources to replace oil and coal.
3.Some poor people have to （靠很少的钱生存） each month.
4.It is a fact that parents （在孩子的成长过程中发挥重要作用）.
5.In the past， the local residents （反对） heavy industry because of pollution.
6.The government should （采取各种措施） to solve the traffic problem.
7. （数百万） grains of sand make up the beautiful beach.
8.When I heard the melody， the good times we had together （突然浮现在脑海中）.
Part Ⅲ 三维写作提能
倡议书——保护海洋环境
第一步 练单句——词句优美，吸引眼球
1.地球表面超过三分之二的区域被水覆盖，水里包含不同种类的野生生物。（variety； wildlife）
2.它们不仅给我们提供赖以生存的食物和气候调节，而且是重要物种和生态系统的家园。 （species； ecosystems；部分倒装）
3.保护海洋生物多样性对保护地球物种生态平衡起着关键作用。（biodiversity）
4.6月8日被联合国正式命名为世界海洋日，旨在提高人们的海洋保护意识。（raise people’s awareness of； 非限制性定语从句）
5.海洋对全球生物多样性起着关键作用。（hold the key to）
6.只有每个人都参与进来，海洋污染才能引起高度重视。 （部分倒装； involvement； highlight）
7.让我们立即行动起来，从回收利用废品开始吧！ （recycle）
第二步 组语篇——文从字顺，赏心悦目
厚积薄发，下笔有神
亮词 动作描写：defence→defend；survive；come up with；call for；spring to mind
环境描写：hardwood； track； consequence
美句 ①Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. （环境描写） ②The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen. （环境描写） ③When I first moved here， the air was fresh， the grass green and the water clear. （环境描写） ④It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development.It’s our duty to leave a better，cleaner and healthier planet to our children.It’s our duty to build a human community with a shared future. （排比句式）
情感描写之“怜悯、同情、帮助”
词汇 美句
单词 ①sympathy n.同情→sympathetic adj.同情的 ②pity n.同情，怜悯；仁慈 v.同情→pitiful adj.可怜的；令人同情或怜悯的 ③mercy n.宽容；怜悯→merciful adj.仁慈的，宽恕的→mercifully adv.幸运地；宽大地；仁慈地 ④supportive adj.支持的，拥护的 ⑤helpful adj.给予帮助的；有帮助的 ⑥gentle adj.温和的；轻柔的→gently adv.温柔地；轻轻地 ⑦warm-hearted adj.热心的，富有同情心的，慈爱的 ①His lightweight jacket was a poor protection against cold.His face and hands were red and damaged.People around focused on him with pity and whispered at this sad sight. 他穿的轻便夹克根本无法御寒。他的脸和手都被冻得通红并受了冻伤。周围的人们用同情的目光注视着他，看着这悲惨的一幕窃窃私语。（人物描写） ②Approaching the poor boy，she gathered him into her arms in sympathy. 她走近那个可怜的男孩，同情地把他抱在怀里。 （动作描写） ③At the sight of the scene，he felt a wave of sympathy welled up in his heart， his heart aching for the injured dog. 看到这一幕，他心中涌起了一股怜悯之情，他为受伤的狗而心痛。 （独立主格） ④It dawned on me that a random act of kindness can make such a great difference. 我突然意识到，一个不经意的善举就可以产生如此大的影响。 （主旨升华）
词块 ①have mercy on sb 怜悯某人 ②feel pity/mercy/sorry for同情 ③express sympathy表示同情 ④out of sympathy/pity出于同情 ⑤a surge of mercy sweeps over sb 怜悯之情涌上某人心头 ⑥lend a helping hand 伸出援助之手，助一臂之力 ⑦a random act of kindness不经意的善举
情境导语 我被邀请去一个老朋友的农场。当我走过一个挤奶房时……
第一步 完成句子
1.当我走过一个挤奶房时，一只拼命想从蜘蛛网中逃脱的蜂鸟引起了我的注意。
When I walked past a milking house，a hummingbird spider-webs caught my attention.（非谓语动词作定语）
2.她看着我的眼睛，她那双痛苦的眼睛似乎在乞求我的同情。
She looked into my eyes and .（并列句）
3.看到她的情况，我立刻感到怜悯之情涌上心头。
Seeing her condition，I immediately felt .
4.我轻轻地帮助她从网里面出来，把她放在我的手中。
I gently helped her get out of the web， .（非谓语动词作状语）
5.很长一段时间，这个小家伙看着我的眼睛，把头从一边转到另一边，好像在向我表达她的感激。
For a very long moment， this tiny creature looked into my eyes and turned her head from side to side， .（状语从句的省略）
6.就在那一刻，我突然意识到，一个不经意的善举就可以产生很大的影响。
Just at the moment， a random act of kindness can make a great difference.（it作形式主语）
第二步 连句成文
（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct， researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.Today， most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos， videos， and other digital records.Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area， a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application，” said Barnabas Daru， who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences.“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens （标本）， and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change， I wanted to know： Are they usable？”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants， insects， birds， and animals， Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias （使有偏差） data， like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it，” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage.Moreover， these data are biased and favor certain regions， time periods， and species.This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity？
“Quite a lot，” Daru explained.“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled.To improve the quality of observational data， biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
32.What do we know about the records of species collected now？（ ）
A.They are becoming outdated.
B.They are mostly in electronic form.
C.They are limited in number.
D.They are used for public exhibition.
33.What does Daru’s study focus on？（ ）
A.Threatened species.
B.Physical specimens.
C.Observational data.
D.Mobile applications.
34.What has led to the biases according to the study？（ ）
A.Mistakes in data analysis.
B.Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C.Improper way of sampling.
D.Unreliable data collection devices.
35.What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps？（ ）
A.Review data from certain areas.
B.Hire experts to check the records.
C.Confirm the identity of the users.
D.Give guidance to citizen scientists.
（一）由文本积阅读词汇
1.detect v. 查明，察觉，发现
2.application n. 应用程序（缩写为app）
3.primary adj. 原始的，最初的
4.investigate v. 调查（某人）；侦查（某事）
5.sampling n. 抽样；取样；采样
6.reveal v. 揭示；揭露
7.device n. 设备
8.encounter n. 相遇
9.feature n. 特征
10.identification n. 身份
11.dataset n. 数据集（课标外词汇）
（二）由文本积主题词块
1.go extinct 灭绝
2.citizen scientist 公民科学家
3.in the form of 以……的形式
4.with the rise of 随着……的兴起
5.lead author 主要作者
6.assistant professor 助理教授
7.respond to 对……作出反应
8.make sense 说得通，有道理
9.be limited in number 数量有限
（三）由文本知变式运用
1.学习构词（派生词/合成词）
（1）biodiversity n.生物多样性 [前缀bio-＋diversity （n.）]
（2）outnumber v.多于，比…… 多 [out （adv.）＋number （v.）]
（3）observational adj.观察的 [observation （n.）＋后缀-al]
（4）likelihood n.可能（性）[likely （adj.）＋后缀-hood]
（5）flowering adj.开花的，有花的 [flower （n.）＋后缀-ing]
（6）imperfect adj.不完美的 [前缀im-＋perfect （adj.）]
（7）oversampled adj.过度采样的 [前缀over-＋sample （v.）＋-d]
2.近义替换（用文中词汇替换）
changes＝ （第一段）
3.熟词生义（文中生义）
（1）document [熟义] n.文件，公文
→[生义] v. （第一段第一句）
（2）physical [熟义] adj.身体的；物理学的
→[生义] adj. （第二段第二句）
（3）coverage [熟义] n.新闻报道（的范围）
→[生义] n. （第五段第一句）
（4）favor [熟义] v.赞成；喜爱
→[生义] v. （第五段第二句）
（四）由文本学靓丽表达
1. （尽管它们有助于检测一个地区物种数量和种类的变化）， a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.（让步状语从句）
2. （随着技术的兴起） it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application.（with的用法）
3. （使用19亿植物、昆虫、鸟类和动物记录的全球数据集）， Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.（动词-ing短语作状语）
（五）由文本探析长难句
1.These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens （标本）， and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change， I wanted to know： Are they usable？
分析：本句是一个并列句。前半句中的that引导 从句，修饰the primary data；后半句中的since引导 从句，how 引导 从句。
译文：
2.This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.
分析：because引导 从句，who引导 从句，修饰the people； recording ...nearby为动词-ing短语作 ，修饰citizen scientists。
译文：
UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
【考点·多维突破】
Part Ⅰ
考点新语境（一）
[微技能热身] 1.search for 2.being destroyed 3.C
1.①had damaged my teeth and health
②As we all know， smoking does/causes damage to our health.
2.①Survivors ②survival
③had spent years surviving on little money
3.①in defence of their own homes ②in his defence
③defend himself from/against being attacked
4.①come up with ②came up ③come across
④figure out how it came about
考点新语境（二）
[微技能热身] 1.a 一个谜 主语 2.development 主语 3.C
5.①harmful ②doing/causing great harm to their health
6.①called in ②called off ③calls up
④This kind of job calls for patience and a strong will.
7.①to arrive ②Due to a big storm， my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half.
8.①broke away from ②break in on their conversation
9.three times bigger than the previous one； three times the size of the previous one； three times what it used to be
10.①of which he has many ②many of whom do not speak English fluently ③some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops ④with which a well was built near a primary school
Part Ⅱ
维度一
1.（1）D （2）B （3）C （4）A
2.（1）D （2）C （3）A （4）B
3.（1）F （2）D （3）E （4）C （5）B （6）A
4.（1）n.着迷的人 （2）vt.加工；处理 （3）n.辩护，辩解
维度二
Ⅰ.1.survival 2.defensive 3.organisations
4.Consequently 5.harmful 6.officially 7.poisonous 8.poverty 9.to 10.against 11.be applied
Ⅱ.1.a huge sea of green 2.are searching for
3.survive on very little money
4.play a significant role in children’s growth
5.protested against 6.take various measures
7.Millions of 8.sprang to mind
Part Ⅲ
应用文写作增分练
第一步
1.More than two-thirds of the Earth’s surface is covered by water， which contains different varieties of wildlife.
2.Not only do they provide food and climate regulation we rely on，but they are also home to important species and ecosystems.
3.Protecting marine biodiversity plays a crucial role in protecting the ecological balance of the Earth’s species.
4.June 8 is officially named by the United Nations as the World Oceans Day， which is aimed at raising people’s awareness of ocean conservation.
5.The oceans hold the key to global biodiversity.
6.Only with everyone’s involvement can ocean pollution be dramatically highlighted.
7.Let’s take immediate action and start with recycling waste！
第二步
As we all know，more than two-thirds of the Earth’s surface is covered by water， which contains different varieties of wildlife.Not only do they provide food and climate regulation we rely on，but they are also home to important species and ecosystems.Therefore，protecting marine biodiversity plays a crucial role in protecting the ecological balance of the Earth’s species.June 8 is officially named by the United Nations as the World Oceans Day， which is aimed at raising people’s awareness of ocean conservation.The oceans hold the key to global biodiversity.Only with everyone’s involvement can ocean pollution be dramatically highlighted.Let’s take immediate action and start with recycling waste！
读后续写微技能
第一步
1.desperately trying to escape from
2.her painful eyes seemed to beg me for my sympathy
3.a wave of sympathy welled up in my heart
4.putting her into my hand
5.as if expressing her gratitude to me
6.it dawned on me that
第二步
When I walked past a milking house，a hummingbird desperately trying to escape from spider-webs caught my attention.
She looked into my eyes and her painful eyes seemed to beg me for my sympathy.Seeing her condition，I immediately felt a wave of sympathy welled up in my heart.I gently helped her get out of the web，putting her into my hand.For a very long moment，this tiny creature looked into my eyes and turned her head from side to side， as if expressing her gratitude to me.Just at the moment， it dawned on me that a random act of kindness can make a great difference.
【素养·培育落实】
一、做真题
32.B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，现在大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他的数字记录的形式存在。B项中的electronic form是对原文中videos， and other digital records的同义转换。
33.C 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，Daru及其团队使用观察数据来研究物种是如何对全球变化作出回应的，他想知道这些观察数据是否可用；再根据第三段内容可知，Daru及其团队使用一个全球数据集，测试这些数据在多大程度上展示了实际的全球生物多样性模式。综合可知，Daru的研究关注观察数据。
34.C 推理判断题。根据第四段中Daru所说内容可知，研究人员对探索可能导致数据偏差采样的方方面面特别感兴趣，比如公民科学家很有可能只拍开花植物而不拍它旁边的青草。由此推断，采样方式不当会导致数据偏差。
35.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中Daru的解释可知，生物多样性应用程序可以使用Daru他们的研究结果来让用户知道哪些地区是采样过量的地区，并且引导他们去对采样不是很好的地方或者物种进行采样。为了改善观察数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序也鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图片。再结合第五段第三句中的the people ...citizen scientists可知，此处的用户指代的是公民科学家。
三、再利用
（三）2.shifts
3.（1）记录，记载 （2）客观存在的；现实的；物质的；有形的 （3）（生物多样性的）覆盖范围 （4）有利于，便于；更倾向于
（四）1.Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area
2.With the rise of technology
3.Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants， insects， birds， and animals
（五）1.定语 原因状语 宾语
现在，这些观察结果的数量超过了来自实物标本的原始数据，而由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：这些观察数据可靠吗？
2.原因状语 定语 后置定语
这是有道理的，因为民间科学家经常通过移动设备获取生物多样性观察数据，他们记录的是在附近地区接触到的物种。
12 / 13(共161张PPT)
UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
高中总复习·英语 (译林版)
01
晨背
积累沉淀
02
基础
夯实过关
03
考点
多维突破
Part Ⅰ 一维重点突破
Part Ⅱ 二维微点练全
Part Ⅲ 三维写作提能
04
素养
培育落实
05
技能
锤炼提升
1
晨背·积累沉淀
高效用时，积少成多
阅读词汇明义
快速一览
1. overseas adj.海外的，国外的
adv.在海外，向国外
2. region n.地区，区域；行政区
3. biodiversity n.生物多样性
4. towering adj.高大的，高耸的；出色的
5. hardwood n.阔叶树；硬材（阔叶树的木材）
6. microorganism n.微生物
7. nutrient n.营养素，营养物
8. brochure n.小册子
9. belt n.地带，地区；腰带；传送带
10. habitat n.生活环境，栖息地
11. nowhere adv.无处，哪里都不
12. dolphin n.海豚
13. strategy n.策略，行动计划；策划，部署
14. chief n.首领，最高领导人
adj.主要的；首席的
15. ecosystem n.生态系统
16. mammal n.哺乳动物
教材例句
17. （人教选必二）Most people are familiar with images of him in his
wheelchair，unable to move and using a computer to talk. n.形象；图像
18. （外研必修二）The process also produces more greenhouse
gases.In fact， both kinds of bags are bad for the environment. n.温室，
暖房
19. （北师大选必二）Anne was a teacher and former student at a school
for the blind in Boston. adj.昔日的；以前的
写作词汇运用
词块记忆
1. the continent of Antarctica 南极洲
2. raise millions of dollars 筹集数百万美元
3. all species on Earth 地球上的所有物种
4. the habitat of animals 动物的栖息地
5. beneath the surface of the ocean在海洋表层下面
6. the mass media 大众传媒
7. living legends 活着的传奇
8. an insect bite 昆虫叮咬
9. take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide
吸入氧气，呼出二氧化碳
10. have an impact on the residents in the region
对这个地区的居民有影响
11. reduce damage 减少危害
12. a warm/wet climate温暖的/潮湿的气候
13. global economy 全球经济
14. turn off the gas关掉煤气
15. win a medal for his branch为他的部门赢得一枚奖章
16. a small group of deer 一小群鹿
17. public policy 公共政策
18. recycle newspaper 回收报纸
19. a former UN official 一位联合国前官员
20. a downtown subway stop 一个闹市区的地铁站
21. an official organization 一个官方组织
22. track vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪 n.足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑
道；路线
①a muddy track through the forest穿过森林的一条泥泞小道
②the bear’s tracks in the snow雪地上熊的足迹
③go round the track沿跑道而行
23. profit n.利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处
①a rise/an increase/a fall in profits收益的上升/增长/下降
②gain much profit from reading从阅读中得到许多好处
24. process n.过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt.加工，处理
①a long and painful process
一个漫长且痛苦的过程
②go through a factory process
经过一道工厂加工程序
③be divided into several simple processes
被分解成多个简单步骤
写作词汇运用
语境记忆
25. variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体
（2024·全国甲卷）Chinese transport has undergone remarkable
transformations， giving people access to a variety of ways of travelling.
中国的交通经历了显著的变革，使人们能够享受到多种多样的出
行方式。
26. survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存；幸免于难；比……活（或存在）
的时间长
The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived
China’s long history.（传统文化）
西安城墙是中国悠久历史上保存最完整的城墙。
27. consequence n.结果，后果；重要性
Holding my hands， he said，“Congratulations！ As a consequence of
your hard work， you have proved to have the potential to be a good
writer.”（语言描写）
他握着我的手说：“祝贺你！由于你的辛勤工作，你已证明有潜力成
为一名优秀的作家。”
派生词汇识记
1. harm n.& vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.
无害的
2. length n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，（电影）片长→long adj.
长的
3. variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→vary v.相异，不
同；变化；改变；使多样化→various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的
4. disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance
n.消失；不见
5. extinction n.灭绝，绝种→extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的；消亡的
6. application n.应用，运用；申请→apply v.应用；涉及；申请
→applicant n.申请人；求职者
7. organization n.组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→organize vt.
组织→organizer n.组织者
8. absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地；极其→absolute adj.绝对的，
完全的
9. entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地→entire adj.整个的，完全
的，全部的
10. defence n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→defend vt.
保护；防卫；辩解；辩护
11. economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→economy n.经济，
经济制度
12. official n.官员，要员 adj.公务的；正式的，官方的→officially
adv.正式地，官方地
13. poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n.毒物，毒药→poisonous adj.有毒的
14. chemical n.化学制品 adj.化学的；化学作用的→chemistry n.化学
→chemist n.药剂师；化学家
15. consequence n.结果，后果；重要性→consequent adj.作为结果
的；随之发生的→consequently adv.因此；所以
1.dis-前缀词精选 ①disappear vi.消失 ②dislike n.& vt.不喜欢 ③disagree vi.不同意 ④dishonour vt.使丢脸 ⑤discourage vt.使气馁 ⑥disbelieve v.不相信 2.“野生动物”知多少
①whale 鲸
②kangaroo 袋鼠
③squirrel 松鼠
④panda 熊猫
⑤shark 鲨鱼
⑥dolphin 海豚
3.“动词＋up with”类短语速记
①put up with 忍耐；忍受
②keep up with 与……同步；跟上（强调状态）
③catch up with 跟上（强调动作）
④end up with 以……结束
⑤come up with 提出；想出
⑥team up with 与……合作
1. in turn 相应地，转而
2. break down 使分解（为），使变化（成）
3. breathe life into 给……带来起色，注入活力
4. due to 由于，因为
5. build up 逐渐增加，扩大
6. come up with 想出，想到
7. call for （公开）要求；需要
8. spring to mind 突然记起（或想到）
9. get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
10. give rise to 使发生（或存在）
11. play a role in ... 在……中起作用，扮演……角色
12. be made up of 由……组成
13. a variety of 各种各样的
14. millions of 无数的；数百万
15. in defence of 为……作解释或辩护
16. do harm to 危害，损害
17. search for 寻找
18. survive on 依靠……生存下来
19. a huge sea of green 一片绿色的海洋
20. alive with the sounds of animals 到处都是动物发出的声音
21. play a significant role 发挥重要作用
22. the towering ancient hardwoods 高耸古老的阔叶树
23. different kinds of living things 不同种类的生物
24. protest against heavy industry 反对重工业
25. take various measures 采取各种各样的措施
1. 句式：名词短语作同位语
原句：Welcome to the jungle，a huge sea of green alive with the sounds
of animals.
欢迎来到这片丛林，这是一片绿色的海洋，到处都可以听到动物发出
的声音。
2. 句式：“介词＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句
原句：The Amazon River， from which the rainforest gets its name，
is close to 6，400 kilometres in length ...
亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近6400千米……
3. 句式：完全倒装句
原句：Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.
在那上面，在黑暗的森林地面上是大量的落叶。
4. 句式：while引导让步状语从句
原句：While a significant number of jaguars survive here， they are
only one element of this forest’s food chain.
尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个
要素。
5. 句式：so＋助动词＋主语
原句：As the human population continues to grow，so does the effect we
have on animals.随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断
增加。
6. 句式：it作形式主语
原句：It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for
economic development.
我们的责任是保护环境，同时着眼于经济发展。
Animals are our friends，which are very important to our
world.I’m writing to give some suggestions to protect the wildlife
around us.
With the rapid development of the cities， it is human’s living
activities that have damaged some animals’ habitats.What’s worse，
masses of wild animals have disappeared due to the terrible
climate.Some even tracked and killed animals to make a profit.It is time
that we should take some measures to protect the animals and their
habitats.To begin with， more laws must be made to stop people from
hunting animals.Secondly， more wildlife reserves should be set up so
that they can live safely.Last but not least， people should raise awareness
of the protection of wild animals.
2
基础·夯实过关
默写查验，巧学活用
（一）分类识记单词——用时少·功效快
阅读单词知意
请在没有记牢的单词前的方框内画“√”，以便下次着重记忆。
□1.ecosystem n.生态系统
□2.overseas adj.海外的，国外的adv.在海外，向国外
□3.region n.地区，区域；行政区
□4.biodiversity n.生物多样性
□5.towering adj.高大的，高耸的；出色的
□6.hardwood n.阔叶树；硬材（阔叶树的木材）
□7.mammal n.哺乳动物
□8.microorganism n.微生物
□9.nutrient n.营养素，营养物
□10.greenhouse n.温室，暖房
□11.brochure n.小册子
□12.belt n.地带，地区；腰带；传送带
□13.image n.形象；图像；意象
□14.habitat n.生活环境，栖息地
□15.nowhere adv.无处，哪里都不
□16.dolphin n.海豚
□17.chief n.首领，最高领导人adj.主要的；首席的
□18.branch n.（政府或机构）部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支
□19.strategy n.策略，行动计划；策划，部署
□20.former adj.昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的
核心单词练通
1. n.土壤；国土，领土，土地
2. n.坚果
3. n.野生动植物，野生生物
4. prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上
5. n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj.大批的，广泛的
6. vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存；幸免于难
7. n.蛙，青蛙
8. n.昆虫
9. n.碳
soil
nut
wildlife
beneath
mass
survive
frog
insect
carbon
10. n.牛
11. n.气体；煤气；汽油
12. n.旱灾，久旱
13. n.鲨鱼
14. n.鲸
15. n.居民，住户
16. n.大陆，陆地，洲
17. n.委员会
18. n.雾霾，烟雾
19. vi.反对，抗议vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩n.抗议，反对
cattle
gas
drought
shark
whale
resident
continent
committee
smog
protest
20. n.利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处
21. n.政策，方针；原则
22. n.地铁；地下人行道
23. n.贫穷，贫困；贫乏
18. n.雾霾，烟雾
19. vi.反对，抗议vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩n.抗议，反对
smog
protest
profit
policy
subway
poverty
单词拼写
1. （人教选必二）In addition to seeing spectacular mountain peaks and
forests，one highlight of their trip was being able to see many different
creatures， including （鹿）， mountain goats， and even a
grizzly bear and an eagle.
2. （北师大必修三）Around 90% had tried to （回收利
用） waste such as glass， metal and paper， and more than two thirds
had tried to cut back on the use of disposable packaging.
deer
recycle
3. （外研选必二）The “closed” concept meant that the space was
designed to function with its own （氧气）， food and
water， needing nothing from the outside world.
4. （人教选必三） These chemicals led to severe water quality issues，
causing a decrease in the number of fish （物种）.
5. Being addicted to computers does great （损害） to
teenagers in many ways.
6. The gold （奖牌） will be awarded to whoever wins the
first place in the bicycle race.
oxygen
species
damage
medal
7. Follow the （轨道） of the vehicles， otherwise you will
get lost.
8. One thing to remember is that it is the （过程） not the
end product that matters.
9. Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and
long-lasting changes to the global （气候）.
10. In ancient times， many people suffered from hunger.A lot of them
even earned their （生计） by begging.
track
process
climate
living
11. We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made
an （影响） on our lives in many ways.
12. Drought continues to annoy many parts of China， with tens of
thousands suffering water shortages and （一百万） of
others affected.
impact
millions
拓展单词用活
记全记牢
1. n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，（电影）片长
→ v.加长；变长→ adj.长的
2. n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→ v.
相异，不同；变化；改变；使多样化→ adj.各种不同的，
各种各样的
3. n.应用，运用；申请→ v.应用；涉及；
申请→ n.申请人；求职者
length
lengthen
long
variety
vary
various
application
apply
applicant
4. adv.绝对地，完全地；极其→ adj.绝对
的，完全的
5. adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→ n.
经济，经济制度
6. n.官员，要员 adj.公务的；正式的，官方的
→ adv.正式地，官方地
7. n.结果，后果；重要性→ adj.作为
结果的；随之发生的→ adv.因此；所以
absolutely
absolute
economic
economy
official
officially
consequence
consequent
consequently
拓展单词用活
用准用活
1. The village was destroyed.It now looks
different from the previous one.（entire）
2. Many rare animals are already ， or are close
to .（extinct）
3. Eating too much every day is to our health； that is to
say， eating too much every day does to our health.（harm）
4. It is reported that some children were by
the food and sent to hospital immediately.（poison）
entire
entirely
extinct
extinction
harmful
harm
poisoned
poisonous
5. In time of war，lots of money will be spent on and many
measures will be taken to a country from being attacked.
（defend）
6. Mrs Smith， who is a very woman， works as president
of a large .She is a conference to be held
next week with her assistants.（organize）
7. Many animals have during the long history of the
Earth and their affected the balance of ecosystem.
（disappear）
8. The famous denied in his report that it was
the waste water from the factory that polluted the
underground water in this area.（chemical）
defence
defend
organized
organization
organizing
disappeared
disappearance
chemist
chemistry
chemical
（二）集中识记短语——不枯燥·求实效
第一组
1. 相应地，转而
2. 由于，因为
3. 逐渐增加，扩大
4. 想出，想到
5. （公开）要求；需要
6. 寻找
7. 使发生（或存在）
8. 由……组成
in turn
due to
build up
come up with
call for
search for
give rise to
be made up of
第二组
1. 使分解（为），使变化（成）
2. 给……带来起色，注入活力
3. 各种各样的
4. 突然记起（或想到）
5. 无数的；数百万
6. 为……作解释或辩护
7. 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
8. 危害，损害
break down
breathe life into
a variety of
spring to mind
millions of
in defence of
get rid of
do harm to
选用上面短语填空
1. （人教选必一）When he was 16， he tried to enter university in
Switzerland， but failed his low scores in the general part of
the entrance exam.
2. （外研必修二）As a computer engineer， there’s always a new
challenge just around the corner！ It can be quite stressful at times，
though， which makes me feel anxious.
3. It’s up to all of us to take measures to protect
endangered animals.
due to
in turn
a variety of
4. Car exhaust emissions people’s health and disturb the
ecological balance.
5. The government argues that the new policy is a good way
of the tourism.
6. The aim of those activities is to help students confidence
to speak English in public.
7. The famous actor’s disappearance the wildest
rumours.
do harm to
breathing life into
build up
gave rise to
8. If you refer to Hawaii， a vision of pretty beaches and blue seas
may .
9. When food waste in a landfill，it produces
greenhouse gases which contribute to global warming.
10. Tell your child that if he gets a burn，he should immediately
help and then run the cool but not cold water for the burn.
spring to mind
breaks down
call
for
（三）仿写活用句式——造佳句·表达高
句型公式 句式仿写
1.句型公式：“介词＋关系代
词”引导非限制性定语从句 教材原句：The Amazon
River， from which the
rainforest gets its name， is
close to 6，400 kilometres in
length — roughly 100
kilometres longer than the
Yangtze River. 1. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）我写信是想
和你分享上周五我在公园上的一堂美
术课，在那节课中，我沉浸于创作与
欢乐的氛围里。
I’m writing to share with you an art
class I had in a park last Friday，
.
in
which I was lost in an atmosphere of
creativity and joy
句型公式 句式仿写
2.句型公式：倍数表达法 教材原句：With an area of
around 6 million square
kilometres， the Amazon
rainforest is more than half the
size of China. 2.（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）现在我们新
学校口语训练室的面积是10年前的三
倍大。
Now the area of our new school’s oral
training room is
.
three times the size
of what it was ten years ago
句型公式 句式仿写
3.句型公式：完全倒装句 教材原句：Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith， a local resident； Vincent Brown， senior
manager of a local factory； and Julie Archer， chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee. 3.今天下午参加此次活动的有我们的班主任和英语老师。
our head teacher and English teacher.
Taking part in the activity this
afternoon are
句型公式 句式仿写
4.句型公式：with复合结构作
状语 教材原句：With pollution
levels on the rise， the Norgate
Environmental Protection
Committee is searching for
ways to fight the problem. 4.（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）听到我的
话，大卫颤抖地转过身来，泪水从他
的眼中溢出。
Hearing my words， David turned
around remblingly
.
with tears spilling
out of his eyes
3
考点·多维突破
精讲精练，突破重难
Part Ⅰ 一维重点突破
As is known to all， cultural relics belong to our
country rather than individuals.However， some people are in search of them and， in turn， take possession of them illegally.Some of them have been damaged while only a few survive.Therefore， every one of us should make all efforts to protect them from （destroy）.Some workers have come up with effective ways to protect them， especially those items left by soldiers who died in defence of our country.
微技能热身
1. ①处are in search of可用 替换。
2. ②处应填 。
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE？（ C ）
A. Cultural relics belong to individuals.
B. We don’t have to protect cultural relics.
C. All of us should make efforts to protect cultural relics.
D. The government should ignore the fact that someone takes possession
of cultural relics illegally.
search for
being destroyed
C
damage vt.& n.损害，伤害，损坏，破坏
【练通】 补全句子
①（人教选必三）A dentist once examined me and told me that too much
sugar in my meals （已损害了我的
牙齿和健康）.
had damaged my teeth and health
【写美】 翻译句子
②众所周知，抽烟损害我们的健康。（damage n.）
As we all know， smoking does/causes damage to our health.
【归纳】
对……造成损害
（2）damage one’s health 损害某人的健康
（3）damaging adj. 破坏性的
【佳句】 （人教必修二）Water from the dam would likely damage a
number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part
of Egypt’s cultural heritage.大坝泄流可能会损坏许多寺庙，摧毁一批
文物，而这些文物是埃及文化遗产的重要组成部分。
survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（外研选必三） （survive） of the D-Day landings
continue to meet to remember the fellow soldiers and friends they lost that
day.
②If cancers are spotted early， there is a high chance of
（survive）.
Survivors
survival
【写美】 完成句子
③Rowling ， spending all
her time writing.
罗琳过了很多年拮据的生活，她把所有的时间都花在写作上。
had spent years surviving on little money
【归纳】
（1）A survive B （by ...） A比B活得长（……）
survive on 依靠……生存下来
survive from ... 从……留存/保存下来
（2）survivor n. 幸存者；生还者
survival n. [U] 幸存；[C] 残存物
【佳句】 The Xi’an Ancient City Wall is the most complete city wall
that has survived China’s long history. （求助信）
西安古城墙是中国悠久历史上幸存下来的最完整的城墙。
【点津】 survive本身已表示“幸存，幸免于”，不需要在其宾语前加
in或from。
defence n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守
【练通】 补全句子
①All the people， men and women， young and old， were fighting
against the flood （保卫他们自己的
家园）.
②He broke everyone’s heart so nobody spoke out
（站在他这一边）.
in defence of their own homes
in his defence
【写美】 完成句子
③He planned to learn kung fu in the summer holidays so that he
can .
他计划在暑假学习功夫，这样他就可以保护自己免受攻击。
defend himself from/against being attacked
【归纳】
（1）in defence （of） 保护；为了保卫；（为……）辩护
in one’s defence 为某人辩护；站在某人一边
（2）defend vt. 保卫；保护
defend ...against/from （doing） ... 保护……免受……
defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护
【佳句】 Local government set up some natural reserves in defence of
animals close to extinction.
当地政府建立了一些自然保护区，以保护濒临灭绝的动物。
come up with想出，想到；提出
【练通】 用come的相关短语填空
①Specialists can new ways to solve the problem of air
pollution.
②As soon as the project at the meeting， it attracted many
people’s attention.
③I will try my best to overcome the barriers I and never
give up.
come up with
came up
come across
【写美】 完成句子
④I will never that you were an hour late
on such a short journey.
我永远也想不明白你怎么在这么短的路程上迟到了一个小时。
figure out how it came about
【归纳】
come up 出现；被提出；走近；发芽；升起
come out 出版；开花；（月亮或星星等）出现
come about 发生
come across （偶然）遇见，发现；被理解
come to 总计；达到
when it comes to ... 当谈到……（to是介词）
【佳句】 When it comes to the season I like best， spring will always
occur to me in no time.
当谈到我最喜欢的季节时，我总会立刻想到春天。
【点津】 come up 表示“被提出”，为不及物动词短语，不用于被动
语态；而come up with 表示“提出”，为及物动词短语。
Whether there is life on Mars is still puzzle
to us， which calls for the scientists’ research and further exploration.The Earth is about six times the size of Mars.Whether we can land on Mars depends on the （develop） of science and technology.Perhaps it is impossible for life to exist due to lacking oxygen on Mars.If we are to go to Mars one day， we should have to take along our own oxygen， food， clothing and shelter， without which our body would break down on Mars. ， some material on Mars can harm our health， and we must find ways to get rid of it.
微技能热身
1. ①处应填 。puzzle在此处是抽象名词具体化，a puzzle可翻译
为“ ”。本句中Whether there is life on Mars是一个
从句。
2. ②处应填 ；本句也是whether引导的
从句。
3. ③处可填入衔接词 。
一个谜
主
语
development
主语
C
a
A. On the contrary B. At the same time
C. Worse still D. To our regret
harm n.& vt.伤害，损害
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（2023·全国乙卷）There is also research showing that pot plants can
clean the air around them by removing （harm） gases，
such as carbon dioxide.
harmful
【写美】 句型转换
②Some boys are too crazy about computer games， which does/causes
great harm to their health.
→Some boys are too crazy about computer games，
.（非谓语动词作状语）
doing/causing great
harm to their health
【归纳】
（1）do/cause harm to sb＝do/cause sb harm 对某人有害
there is no harm in doing sth 做某事没有害处
（2）harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to 对……有害
【佳句】 When it comes to the ocean， overfishing does/causes harm to
its ecosystem.
＝When it comes to the ocean， overfishing is harmful to its ecosystem.
（海洋保护）
当谈到海洋时，过度捕捞对它的生态系统有害。
call for （公开）要求；需要
【练通】 用call的相关短语填空
①（北师大选必二）Finally， after he had been waiting for about half an
hour， he was for his consultation.
②Their travel plan was because of the bad weather.
③Your letter those pleasant days when we worked together.
called in
called off
calls up
【写美】 翻译句子
④这种工作需要耐心和坚强的意志。
This kind of job calls for patience and a strong will.
【归纳】
call at 停靠；（短时间）停留
call off 取消；停止进行
call on/upon 拜访（某人）；号召
call in 召来，请来；收回
call forth 引起，使产生
call back 回电话；回来
call up （给……）打电话；选中（……参加运动队）；
使回忆起，使想起
【佳句】 Keep in mind that rebuilding our green and clean Earth calls for
everyone’s efforts and contributions.请牢记重建我们绿色、清洁的地
球需要每个人的努力和贡献。
due to 由于，因为
【练通】 单句语法填空
①The boat is due （arrive） at 12：00， so remember to
pick me up on time.
to arrive
【写美】 翻译句子
②（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）由于一场大风暴，我的航班被延误了一个半
小时。
Due to a big storm， my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half.
【归纳】
due adj. 应得的；应付的；预定的
be due to sb 应付给某人
be due to do sth 预定/预期做某事
【佳句】 The football match is due to begin in the stadium at 3 this
afternoon.
今天下午3点，足球比赛将在体育场举行。
【点津】 “因为，由于”的介词短语：because of、on account of、as
a result of、owing to、thanks to等。
break down 使分解（为），使变化（成）；（机器等）出故障，
抛锚；（身体、精神）垮掉，崩溃；（谈判、计划等）失败，破裂；
消除（尤指某种情感或态度），破坏
【练通】 用break的相关短语填空
①（人教必修二）Finally， in the 20th century， the southern part of
Ireland the UK， which resulted in the full name we
have today： the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
broke away from
【写美】 完成句子
②She longed to but didn’t want to
appear rude.
她很想打断他们的谈话，但又不愿显得粗鲁。
break in on their conversation
【归纳】
break in 破门而入；打断（谈话），插嘴
break into 闯入；突然开始
break out 爆发，突然发生
break through 突破；克服，战胜
break away from 脱离，挣脱
【佳句】 After all， communication can help break down the barriers
between the young and their parents.
毕竟，交流有助于消除年轻人和父母之间的隔阂。
倍数表达法
With an area of around 6 million square kilometres， the Amazon
rainforest is more than half the size of China.
亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国陆地面积的一半还
要大。
【写美】 一句多译
我的农场已经扩展成了一个大农场，是原来的三倍大。
→My farm has expanded into a big one， which is
. （倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than ...）
→My farm has expanded into a big one， which is
. （倍数＋the＋size＋of）
→My farm has expanded into a big one， which is
.（倍数＋what从句）
three times bigger
than the previous one
three times the size
of the previous one
three times what it
used to be
【归纳】
常见的倍数表达法：
（1）A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词（size/weight/length/ ...）＋of＋B
（2）A＋be＋倍数＋what从句
（3）A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as＋B
（4）A＋be＋倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than＋B
【佳句】 Founded 10 years ago， Youth has six times as many readers
as it did when first published.（短文投稿）
创刊于十年前的《青春》现在的读者数量是创刊时的六倍。
“介词＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句
The Amazon River， from which the rainforest gets its name， is
close to 6，400 kilometres in length — roughly 100 kilometres longer
than the Yangtze River.
亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近6400千米，比长江还长
约100千米。
【写美】 完成句子
①（北师大选必二）This may explain why he loves fast cars，
.
这也许是他为什么那么喜欢跑车，而且收藏了很多跑车的原因吧。
②（人教必修三）The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic
Chinese， .
如今唐人街的绝大多数居民依旧是华人，他们中很多人英语说得并不
流利。
of
which he has many
many of whom do not speak English fluently
③These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and
fish， .
这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了绝佳的栖息地，而一部分鸟和鱼又以
危害水稻的昆虫为食。
④（外研必修三）After several months， Ryan had raised the $2，
000， in Uganda.
几个月后，瑞安筹到了2000美元。有了这笔钱，乌干达的一所小学旁
边建起了一口井。
some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops
with which a well was built near a primary school
【归纳】
（1）在“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词指物
用which，指人用whom，不能用that或who代替，也不可省略。但如果
介词后置，则不受这种限制。
（2）“介词＋which/whom”可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。此
结构中，介词的确定原则是：
①依据定语从句中动词或形容词等的某种习惯搭配而定；
②依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定；
③表示“所有关系”或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。
（3）关系副词when、where、why可用“介词＋which”来替换。
【佳句】 Employing various skills I had learned， I also recorded
the scene where children were running and bouncing happily on
the grass， due to which the painting were entitled “Youth in
Summer”.（告知信）
我运用所学的各种技巧，还记录了孩子们在草地上快乐地奔跑、跳跃
的场景，因此这幅画被命名为“夏日青春”。
Part Ⅱ 二维微点练全
维度一 阅读词汇清障——一词多义/熟词生义
1. branch
A. n.（政府或机构）部门 B. n.分店，分部
C. n.树枝 D. n.支流，岔路
（1）（人教选必一）Spreading out before me， branches of the Rapa
River flow through the valley below.
（2）...the Chinese tea chain has already set two Australian branches
open in Brisbane and Melbourne.
（3）They cut away all the dead branches from the tree.
（4）The matter should be resolved by the executive branch of
government.
D
B
C
A
2. track
A. vt.跟踪，追踪 B. n.小路，小径
C. n.跑道 D. n.足迹，踪迹
（1）（2024·北京卷） Philip Tate has studied the track records of
those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what
will happen.
（2）（2024·1月浙江卷） In her first P. E. class， Eva was shocked
when Coach Pitt announced that everyone had to run one mile around the
track outside.
D
C
（3）Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been
employed only since the mid-1980s.
（4）（人教选必四）It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school
down a dusty track covered in weeds.
A
B
3. break down
A. 分解 B. （身体等）垮掉
C. （谈判等）失败 D. （情感等）失控、崩溃
E. 打破，消除 F. （机器等）出故障，抛锚
（1）（北师大必修二）First，his two sledges broke down and then the
horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the
cold.
（2）But she was told those unable to go home sometimes broke down in
tears， so here came three.
F
D
（3）History has the potential to break down those boundaries by
offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to
us.
（4）Talks between the two sides had broken down， which made us
disappointed.
（5）In other words， your health will break down if you work
too hard.
（6）Chemicals in the body break down our food into useful
substances.
E
C
B
A
4. 词义猜测
（1）You can turn to Simon for advice，who is a computer nut.
（2）Now that we are in the information age， we have new concepts
such as the computer， information processing， virtual reality， and
simulation.
（3）I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it
beforehand.
n.着
迷的人
vt.加工；处理
n.辩护，辩解
维度二 写作词汇夯实——词形转换/动词形式变化/固定搭配
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. （北师大选必一）Of course， as we humans depend on so many
species for our （survive）， we would also be at risk of
dying out.
2. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）If he seems a little
（defence）， it might be because even some of his coworkers
occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.
survival
defensive
3. （北师大必修二）He visited sick children in hospitals and worked
with （organise） such as Save the Children，speaking
out about health， education and child protection to help those most in
need.
4. （人教选必一）Einstein， who was Jewish， found the doors of
academic institutions closed to him. （consequent），
he had to flee Germany.
5. I told him how （harm） plastic could be to the
environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.
organisations
Consequently
harmful
6. （北师大选必三）Each disease can only （official）
be classified as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred
from the disease.
7. The waste from the factory is highly （poison） and
must be handled with care.
8. Many measures have been taken to reduce （poor） and
increase people’s income in that country.
9. If you want to make some achievements in literature， you must apply
yourself it.
officially
poisonous
poverty
to
10. The workers went on strike to protest the economic policy
of the government.
11. The new technology is expected to （apply） to a
wide range of industries， including healthcare， finance， and
transportation.
against
be applied
Ⅱ.补全句子
1. When you look down from the mountain， you will see
（一片绿色的海洋）.
2. The scientists （正在寻找） more new energy
sources to replace oil and coal.
3. Some poor people have to （靠很少
的钱生存） each month.
4. It is a fact that parents
（在孩子的成长过程中发挥重要作用）.
a huge sea of
green
are searching for
survive on very little money
play a significant role in children’s growth
5. In the past， the local residents （反对） heavy
industry because of pollution.
6. The government should （采取各种措施）
to solve the traffic problem.
7. （数百万） grains of sand make up the beautiful
beach.
8. When I heard the melody， the good times we had together
（突然浮现在脑海中）.
protested against
take various measures
Millions of
sprang
to mind
Part Ⅲ 三维写作提能
第一步 练单句——词句优美，吸引眼球
1. 地球表面超过三分之二的区域被水覆盖，水里包含不同种类的野生
生物。（variety； wildlife）
More than two-thirds of the Earth’s surface is covered by water， which
contains different varieties of wildlife.
倡议书——保护海洋环境
2. 它们不仅给我们提供赖以生存的食物和气候调节，而且是重要物种
和生态系统的家园。 （species； ecosystems；部分倒装）
3. 保护海洋生物多样性对保护地球物种生态平衡起着关键作用。
（biodiversity）
Not only do they provide food and climate regulation we rely on，but they
are also home to important species and ecosystems.
Protecting marine biodiversity plays a crucial role in protecting the
ecological balance of the Earth’s species.
4. 6月8日被联合国正式命名为世界海洋日，旨在提高人们的海洋保护
意识。（raise people’s awareness of； 非限制性定语从句）
5. 海洋对全球生物多样性起着关键作用。（hold the key to）
June 8 is officially named by the United Nations as the World Oceans
Day， which is aimed at raising people’s awareness of ocean
conservation.
The oceans hold the key to global biodiversity.
6. 只有每个人都参与进来，海洋污染才能引起高度重视。 （部分倒
装； involvement； highlight）
7. 让我们立即行动起来，从回收利用废品开始吧！ （recycle）
Only with everyone’s involvement can ocean pollution be dramatically
highlighted.
Let’s take immediate action and start with recycling waste！
第二步 组语篇——文从字顺，赏心悦目
As we all know，more than two-thirds of the Earth’s surface is
covered by water， which contains different varieties of wildlife.Not only
do they provide food and climate regulation we rely on，but they are also
home to important species and ecosystems.Therefore，protecting marine
biodiversity plays a crucial role in protecting the ecological balance of the
Earth’s species.June 8 is officially named by the United Nations as the
World Oceans Day， which is aimed at raising people’s awareness of
ocean conservation.The oceans hold the key to global biodiversity.
Only with everyone’s involvement can ocean pollution be dramatically
highlighted.Let’s take immediate action and start with recycling waste！
厚积薄发，下笔有神
亮
词 动作描写：defence→defend；survive；come up with；call for；
spring to mind
环境描写：hardwood； track； consequence
美
句 ①Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.（环境描写）
②The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen.（环境描写）
③When I first moved here， the air was fresh， the grass green and
the water clear.（环境描写）
④It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development.It’s our duty to leave a better，cleaner and healthier planet to our children.It’s our duty to build a human community with a shared future.（排比句式）
情感描写之“怜悯、同情、帮助”
词汇
单
词 ①sympathy n.同情→sympathetic adj.同情的
②pity n.同情，怜悯；仁慈 v.同情→pitiful adj.可怜的；令人同情或怜悯的
③mercy n.宽容；怜悯→merciful adj.仁慈的，宽恕
的→mercifully adv.幸运地；宽大地；仁慈地
④supportive adj.支持的，拥护的
⑤helpful adj.给予帮助的；有帮助的
⑥gentle adj.温和的；轻柔的→gently adv.温柔地；轻轻地
⑦warm-hearted adj.热心的，富有同情心的，慈爱的
词汇
词
块 ①have mercy on sb 怜悯某人
②feel pity/mercy/sorry for同情
③express sympathy表示同情
④out of sympathy/pity出于同情
⑤a surge of mercy sweeps over sb怜悯之情涌上某人心头
⑥lend a helping hand伸出援助之手，助一臂之力
⑦a random act of kindness不经意的善举
美句
①His lightweight jacket was a poor protection against cold.His face and hands were red and damaged.People around focused on him with pity and whispered at this sad sight.
他穿的轻便夹克根本无法御寒。他的脸和手都被冻得通红并受了冻伤。周围的人们用同情的目光注视着他，看着这悲惨的一幕窃窃私语。（人物描写）
②Approaching the poor boy，she gathered him into her arms in sympathy.
她走近那个可怜的男孩，同情地把他抱在怀里。（动作描写）
美句
③At the sight of the scene，he felt a wave of sympathy welled up in his heart， his heart aching for the injured dog.
看到这一幕，他心中涌起了一股怜悯之情，他为受伤的狗而心痛。（独立主格）
④It dawned on me that a random act of kindness can make such a great difference.
我突然意识到，一个不经意的善举就可以产生如此大的影响。（主旨升华）
情境导语 我被邀请去一个老朋友的农场。当我走过一个挤奶房
时……
第一步 完成句子
1. 当我走过一个挤奶房时，一只拼命想从蜘蛛网中逃脱的蜂鸟引起了
我的注意。
When I walked past a milking house，a
hummingbird spider-webs
caught my attention.（非谓语动词作定语）
desperately trying to escape from
2. 她看着我的眼睛，她那双痛苦的眼睛似乎在乞求我的同情。
She looked into my eyes and
.（并列句）
3. 看到她的情况，我立刻感到怜悯之情涌上心头。
Seeing her condition，I immediately felt
.
4. 我轻轻地帮助她从网里面出来，把她放在我的手中。
I gently helped her get out of the web， .
（非谓语动词作状语）
her painful eyes seemed to beg me for my
sympathy
a wave of sympathy welled up
in my heart
putting her into my hand
5. 很长一段时间，这个小家伙看着我的眼睛，把头从一边转到另一
边，好像在向我表达她的感激。
For a very long moment， this tiny creature looked into my eyes and
turned her head from side to side，
.（状语从句的省略）
6. 就在那一刻，我突然意识到，一个不经意的善举就可以产生很大的
影响。
Just at the moment， a random act of kindness
can make a great difference.（it作形式主语）
as if expressing her gratitude to
me
it dawned on me that
第二步 连句成文
When I walked past a milking house，a hummingbird desperately
trying to escape from spider-webs caught my attention.
She looked into my eyes and her painful eyes seemed to beg me for
my sympathy.Seeing her condition，I immediately felt a wave of
sympathy welled up in my heart.I gently helped her get out of the web，
putting her into my hand.For a very long moment，this tiny creature
looked into my eyes and turned her head from side to side， as if
expressing her gratitude to me.Just at the moment， it dawned on me that
a random act of kindness can make a great difference.
4
素养·培育落实
真题剖析，深度探究
（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）In the race to document the species
on Earth before they go extinct， researchers and citizen scientists
have collected billions of records.Today， most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos， videos， and other digital records.Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area， a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make
observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application，”
said Barnabas Daru， who is lead author of the study and assistant
professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and
Sciences.“These observations now outnumber the primary data that
comes from physical specimens （标本）， and since we are increasingly
using observational data to investigate how species are responding to
global change， I wanted to know： Are they usable？”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants， insects，
birds， and animals， Daru and his team tested how well these data
represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling
that tend to bias （使有偏差） data， like the greater likelihood of a
citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass
right next to it，” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only
records did not lead to better global coverage.Moreover， these data are
biased and favor certain regions， time periods， and species.This makes
sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on
mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with
species in areas nearby.These data are also biased toward certain species
with attractive or eye-catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity？
“Quite a lot，” Daru explained.“Biodiversity apps can use our
study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to
places — and even species — that are not well-sampled.To improve the
quality of observational data， biodiversity apps can also encourage users
to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
32. What do we know about the records of species collected now？
（ ）
A. They are becoming outdated.
B. They are mostly in electronic form.
C. They are limited in number.
D. They are used for public exhibition.
√
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，现在大多数生物
多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他的数字记录的形式存在。B
项中的electronic form是对原文中videos， and other digital
records的同义转换。
33. What does Daru’s study focus on？（ ）
A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens.
C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications.
√
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，Daru及其团队使
用观察数据来研究物种是如何对全球变化作出回应的，他想知道这些
观察数据是否可用；再根据第三段内容可知，Daru及其团队使用一个
全球数据集，测试这些数据在多大程度上展示了实际的全球生物多样
性模式。综合可知，Daru的研究关注观察数据。
34. What has led to the biases according to the study？（ ）
A. Mistakes in data analysis.
B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C. Improper way of sampling.
D. Unreliable data collection devices.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中Daru所说内容可知，研究人员
对探索可能导致数据偏差采样的方方面面特别感兴趣，比如公民科学
家很有可能只拍开花植物而不拍它旁边的青草。由此推断，采样方式
不当会导致数据偏差。
√
35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps？（ ）
A. Review data from certain areas.
B. Hire experts to check the records.
C. Confirm the identity of the users.
D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.
√
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中Daru的解释可知，生物多样
性应用程序可以使用Daru他们的研究结果来让用户知道哪些地区是采
样过量的地区，并且引导他们去对采样不是很好的地方或者物种进行
采样。为了改善观察数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序也鼓励用户让
专家确认他们上传的图片。再结合第五段第三句中的the
people ...citizen scientists可知，此处的用户指代的是公民科学家。
（一）由文本积阅读词汇
1. detect v. 查明，察觉，发现
2. application n. 应用程序（缩写为app）
3. primary adj. 原始的，最初的
4. investigate v. 调查（某人）；侦查（某事）
5. sampling n. 抽样；取样；采样
6. reveal v. 揭示；揭露
7. device n. 设备
8. encounter n. 相遇
9. feature n. 特征
10. identification n. 身份
11. dataset n. 数据集（课标外词汇）
（二）由文本积主题词块
1. go extinct 灭绝
2. citizen scientist 公民科学家
3. in the form of 以……的形式
4. with the rise of 随着……的兴起
5. lead author 主要作者
6. assistant professor 助理教授
7. respond to 对……作出反应
8. make sense 说得通，有道理
9. be limited in number 数量有限
（三）由文本知变式运用
1. 学习构词（派生词/合成词）
（1）biodiversity n.生物多样性 [前缀bio-＋diversity （n.）]
（2）outnumber v.多于，比…… 多 [out （adv.）＋number （v.）]
（3）observational adj.观察的 [observation （n.）＋后缀-al]
（4）likelihood n.可能（性）[likely （adj.）＋后缀-hood]
（5）flowering adj.开花的，有花的 [flower （n.）＋后缀-ing]
（6）imperfect adj.不完美的 [前缀im-＋perfect （adj.）]
（7）oversampled adj.过度采样的 [前缀over-＋sample （v.）＋-d]
2. 近义替换（用文中词汇替换）
changes＝ （第一段）
shifts
3. 熟词生义（文中生义）
（1）document [熟义] n.文件，公文
→[生义] v. （第一段第一句）
（2）physical [熟义] adj.身体的；物理学的
→[生义] adj. （第二段第
二句）
（3）coverage [熟义] n.新闻报道（的范围）
→[生义] n. （第五段第一句）
（4）favor [熟义] v.赞成；喜爱
→[生义] v. （第五段第二句）
记录，记载
客观存在的；现实的；物质的；有形的
（生物多样性的）覆盖范围
有利于，便于；更倾向于
（四）由文本学靓丽表达
1.
（尽管它们有助于检测一个地区物种数量和种
类的变化）， a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is
not perfect.（让步状语从句）
2. （随着技术的兴起） it is easy for
people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile
application.（with的用法）
Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety
of species in an area
With the rise of technology
3.
（使用19亿植物、昆虫、鸟类和动物记录的全
球数据集）， Daru and his team tested how well these data represent
actual global biodiversity patterns.（动词-ing短语作状语）
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants， insects，
birds， and animals
（五）由文本探析长难句
1. These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from
physical specimens （标本）， and since we are increasingly using
observational data to investigate how species are responding to global
change， I wanted to know： Are they usable？
分析：本句是一个并列句。前半句中的that引导 从句，修饰
the primary data；后半句中的since引导 从句，how 引
导 从句。
译文：
定语
原因状语
宾语
现在，这些观察结果的数量超过了来自实物标本的原始数
据，而由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变
化，我想知道：这些观察数据可靠吗？
2. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity
data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their
encounters with species in areas nearby.
分析：because引导 从句，who引导 从句，修饰
the people； recording ...nearby为动词-ing短语作 ，修
饰citizen scientists。
译文：
原因状语
定语
后置定语
这是有道理的，因为民间科学家经常通过移动设备获取生物
多样性观察数据，他们记录的是在附近地区接触到的物种。
5
技能·锤炼提升
统筹组合，全面训练
阅读理解
A
Almost half a billion small， cheap electrical everyday items from
headphones to handheld fans ended up in landfill in the UK in the past
year， according to research.
The not-for-profit organization Material Focus， which conducted the
research， said the scale of the issue was huge and they wanted to
encourage more recycling.
More than half a billion cheaply priced electronic goods were bought
in the UK in the past year alone — 16 per second.Material Focus findings
showed that of these items， 471m were thrown away.This included
260m disposable vapes， 26m cables， 29m LED， solar and decorative
lights， 9.8m USB sticks， and 4.8m miniature fans.
Scott Butler， executive director at Material Focus， described it as
“fast tech”.He said， “People should think carefully about buying
some of the more frivolous items in the first place.” He said the items
people bought were often “cheap and small”， and that consumers may
not realize they contain valuable materials that could be salvaged if recycled.
Small electricals can contain precious materials including copper，
lithium and stainless steel.These components can be recycled and used in
wind turbines， medical devices and electric vehicles.Material Focus said
that while people were used to the idea of recycling larger electrical items
such as fridges， lots of smaller devices were left unused in houses.
Butler said， “We want to get the message across that anything with
a plug， battery or cable can be recycled and there’s somewhere near
you to do it.The scale of the issue is huge， but there’s an easy solution — just as the trend for recycling and repurposing fashion has grown and grown， we want to encourage the nation to recycle fast tech， guilt-free and fuss-free.”
Material Focus said that when consumers bought a cheap item， they
saw it as disposable.They estimate that UK citizens spent more than
f2.8bn on these cheap products in the past year.The non-profit group
described it as “the tip of the iceberg” when it comes to the growing
issue of wasted electricals in the UK. More than 100，000 tonnes of waste
electricals are thrown away every year， and there are 880m electrical
items of all kinds lying unused in UK homes.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在过去的一年里，
大量日常小电器被扔进了英国的垃圾填埋场。Material Focus表示，
这个问题非常严重，他们希望鼓励更多的人回收利用这些小电器。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在过去的一年里，
大量日常小电器被扔进了英国的垃圾填埋场。Material Focus表示，
这个问题非常严重，他们希望鼓励更多的人回收利用这些小电器。
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？
（ ）
A. The research was carried out by the authorities to encourage recycling.
B. Cheaply priced electronic goods are easy to be thrown away around the
world.
C. Disposable vapes made up the majority of cheap electrical goods that
ended up in landfill.
D. British people are inclined to buy cheap electrical goods.
√
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Material Focus findings
showed that of these items， 471m were thrown away.This included
260m disposable vapes可知，最终被填埋的廉价电器里大多数是一次性电子烟。
2. What can we infer from Butler’s words in Paragraph 4？（ ）
A. Cheap items don’t deserve consumer’s careful use.
B. Valuable materials can be found in these cheap and small electrical
goods.
C. Low-quality electrical goods are easy to be recycled.
D. Consumers should stop buying these “fast tech” in the first place.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段巴特勒的话我们可以推断出，在
这些便宜的小电器产品中可以找到有价值的材料。
√
3. What did Butler appeal to people to do？ （ ）
A. They’d better recycle small devices as well as larger ones.
B. They’d better set up somewhere near them to do the recycling.
C. They’d better catch the trend of disposing small and cheap items.
D. They’d better spread the idea of “fast tech”.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第六段内容可知，巴特勒呼吁人们最好
回收小型设备和大型设备。
√
4. What’s the main idea of the passage？（ ）
A. Tons of small and cheap electrical items are thrown away.
B. Legal efforts should be made to ban small electrical items.
C. “Fast Tech” — the future generation.
D. Recycling valuable materials from electronics is urgent.
解析： 主旨大意题。文章介绍了在过去的一年里，大量日常小电
器被扔进了英国的垃圾填埋场。Material Focus表示，这个问题非常严
重，他们希望鼓励更多的人回收利用这些小电器。由此可知，本文的
中心思想是成吨的小而便宜的电器被扔掉。
√
B
（2025·岳阳一中模拟）Growing up in Kenya， Lesein
Mutunkei， together with his family， always celebrated significant
occasions by planting trees， which motivated him to protect the
environment.It’s what the now 18-year-old soccer player treasures，
especially since Kenya has an ongoing problem with deforestation.
Mutunkei follows in the footsteps of the late Kenyan Nobel Peace
Prize winner Wangari Maathai， who founded the Green Belt Movement
in 1977.This initiative has resulted in the planting of over 51 million trees
to date.
In 2018， Lesein decided to start a movement of his own.He started
by planting one tree for every goal he scored during a football match.He
called it Trees4Goals， and it has grown so much that he now plants 11
trees， one for each member of his team， every time he scores.Through
this， he wants to inspire young people， specifically his fellow
athletes， to follow in his footsteps， take nature conservation seriously，
and promise to plant trees every time they score.As a result， some of
them have adapted to this practice for their sports.“Seeing that they’re
taking that responsibility because of the project I started， for me， that is
the biggest achievement，” he said.
The initiative has caught the attention of English football club Arsenal
and Kenya’s Ministry of Environment and Forestry， which he now
works with regularly and gets advice from.
Like Green Belt Movement， Trees4Goals， which has planted 5，
500 trees so far， has made it.While Lesein has received some recognition
for his initiative， he sets his sights on making it a worldwide
phenomenon.“Football is a universal game， and climate change is a
universal problem，” he explains.“It has the power to unite， educate
and inspire my generation to create a safer and greener future.” This is
why he wants to work with the world’s biggest football federation FIFA.
As for what others can do to fight deforestation or other
environmental concerns， the teenager says it’s important to just get
involved in some way， no matter how small.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在肯尼亚长大的Lesein Mutunkei是一
名足球队员，他发起了“一球一树（Trees4Goals）运动”，每进球
一次，他为球队的每一位成员种一棵树，激励其他年轻人去保护环
境。到目前为止，该运动已经种植了5500棵树。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在肯尼亚长大的Lesein Mutunkei是一
名足球队员，他发起了“一球一树（Trees4Goals）运动”，每进球
一次，他为球队的每一位成员种一棵树，激励其他年轻人去保护环
境。到目前为止，该运动已经种植了5500棵树。
5. What made Lesein get interested in environmental protection？
（ ）
A. The influence of his family.
B. Wangari Maathai’s huge assistances.
C. The demand of the football team.
D. His fellow athletes’ encouragement.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，在Lesein成长的过
程中，他和他的家人总是以种树的方式来庆祝重要的节日，这激励他
去保护环境。
√
6. Why did Lesein found Trees4Goals？（ ）
A. To gain Kenya’s support.
B. To set an example for others.
C. To catch Arsenal’s attention.
D. To show his achievements.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Through this， he wants to
inspire ...promise to plant trees every time they score.可知，Lesein发起
“一球一树运动”是为了作出表率来激励他人保护环境。
√
7. What is Lesein’s hope for the future of Trees4Goals？（ ）
A. Promoting football’s development.
B. Going global with the help of FIFA.
C. Beating climate change completely.
D. Getting beyond Green Belt Movement.
解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的While Lesein has received
some recognition ...on making it a worldwide phenomenon.可知，在
FIFA的帮助下，Lesein 希望“一球一树运动”走向全球。
√
8. What can we learn from Lesein’s story？（ ）
A. Fame is a great thirst of the young.
B. A youth is to be regarded with respect.
C. Positive thinking and action result in success.
D. Success means getting personal desires satisfied.
解析： 推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，Lesein从小耳濡目染，
很有环保意识，后受到启发，发起了“一球一树运动”并取得了成
功。由此可见，他的故事说明：积极的思考和行动会带来成功。
√
演示完毕 感谢观看 !
