UNIT 2 Natural disasters
Ⅰ.阅读理解
（2025·衡阳联考）Artificial intelligence （AI） has the potential to develop more efficient methods of farming in order to fight global warming.
Global warming threatens every aspect of our everyday lives， including crop production.It will reduce the soil moisture （水分） in areas close to the equator according to a study.We are already seeing the negative impact of these changed growing conditions on our crop production.Climate change harms poorer countries that do not have the money to import food.The result is growing food insecurity.However， agriculture is not just affected by global warming — agriculture is part of a vicious （恶性的） cycle in which farming leads to global warming， which in turn destroys agricultural production.The process of clearing land for agriculture results in widespread deforestation （毁林） and contributes to 40 per cent of global methane production.Therefore， to deal with climate change， it is necessary to ensure reforestation — but how？ What is the path to efficient， environmentally conscious farming？
This is where AI enters the scene.Farmers use AI for methods such as precision agriculture； they can monitor crop moisture， soil composition， and temperature in growing areas， enabling farmers to increase production by learning how to take care of their crops and determine the ideal amount of water to use.Furthermore， this technology may help reduce deforestation by allowing humans to grow food in urban areas.It could be especially beneficial for countries in Latin America and the Caribbean， where much of the population lives in cities.
However， AI is far from a silver bullet — it could actually contribute to global warming as well.Due to the large amount of data that AI needs to process， training a single AI releases five times the emissions that an average car would give off during its lifetime.Further， securing access to AI on a global scale may pose some challenges.Countries will need experts in the field who can successfully use the technology and Internet connection， neither of which are always readily available.Therefore， there is still a long way for developing countries to take advantage of the benefits of AI.
Given these concerns， global leaders must consider the potential costs， and the environmental consequences of data processing before developing AI for use in agriculture.
1.What can we learn about today’s agriculture from Paragraph 2？（ ）
A.It is the main challenge of reforestation.
B.Poorer countries rely on it more than before.
C.It is still dependent on deforestation for more land.
D.It is both a victim and a cause of global warming.
2.Which of the following is consistent with precision agriculture？（ ）
A.Building farming communities in cities.
B.Abandoning traditional farming methods.
C.Making the most of agricultural resources.
D.Balancing farming with farmers’ everyday lives.
3.Why is it difficult to adopt AI technology in agriculture on a global scale？（ ）
A.There are technical barriers in developing countries.
B.The relevant technology is still under development.
C.The process of developing AI is difficult.
D.There is no one-size-fits-all AI technology.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text？（ ）
A.The Benefits of Agricultural AI
B.The Future of Farming： AI and Agriculture
C.A Block to Environmentally Conscious Agriculture
D.Global Warming and Agriculture： a Vicious Cycle
Ⅱ.完形填空
The Ladakh region， the northernmost plateau of India， sits more than 3，000m above sea level.The tall Himalayan mountains stop the 5 rains from coming there.So Ladakh has usually been 6 in the sun for 300 days per year.Floods were 7 unheard of before.However， floods have 8 four times since 2010 owing to climate change.
A decade and a half ago， the Ladakhi land provided villagers with a 9 water supply.Winter snow melted to 10 rivers and provided water for agriculture in the spring.But climate change has seen average winter 11 in Ladakhi rise.The snow melts faster， 12 villagers with little or no water in the spring.More and more 13 are leaving.
Despite that， there is 14 for this region.In 2019， engineer Sonam Wangchuk 15 unmelted ice under a bridge， sheltered from the sun. 16 ， he had an idea.Wangchuk wanted to help villagers 17 water in winter which could be saved for use in the spring.Freezing it in the shape of a cone （圆锥体） could maximize the volume of ice per surface area exposed to the sun and 18 the amount of time it would take to melt.
The engineer and a team of local people began looking for the best way of creating cones of ice.Eventually， they did it.Now named ice towers， they have gained 19 all across Ladakh.
5.（ ） A.heavy B.cold C.daily D.annual
6.（ ） A.lost B.bathed C.trapped D.hidden
7.（ ） A.virtually B.eventually C.frequently D.accidentally
8.（ ） A.decreased B.risen C.occurred D.escaped
9.（ ） A.limited B.stable C.unique D.changeable
10.（ ） A.slow down B.clean up C.divide D.feed
11.（ ）A.temperatures B.snowfalls C.fogs D.rivers
12.（ ） A.surrounding B.helping C.leaving D.equipping
13.（ ） A.hikers B.farmers C.engineers D.businessmen
14.（ ） A.doubt B.fear C.peace D.hope
15.（ ） A.remembered B.searched C.noticed D.measured
16.（ ） A.Then B.Besides C.However D.Instead
17.（ ）A.carry B.produce C.freeze D.purify
18.（ ） A.lengthen B.save C.display D.reduce
19.（ ） A.fame B.strength C.victory D.popularity
UNIT 2 Natural disasters
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍人工智能技术有潜力应对全球变暖对农业造成的负面影响，但各国在开发这项技术前需考虑数据处理成本和环境后果。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，农业受到全球变暖的影响，导致部分地区农产品产量降低，同时农耕造成的森林砍伐和甲烷排放等后果加剧了全球变暖。由此可知，农业既是全球变暖的受害者，也是全球变暖的原因。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的Farmers use AI for methods ...and determine the ideal amount of water to use.可知，精准农业不会造成农业用水等资源的浪费，也就是说，精准农业意味着充分利用农业资源。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，发展中国家在技术上的障碍导致全球范围内在农业领域应用人工智能技术难以实现。
4.B 标题归纳题。第一段为文章主旨段，点明了人工智能有潜力开发更高效的农业方法，以应对全球变暖。再根据下文可知，文章主要说明了人工智能技术和农业的关系，包括人工智能的优缺点；B项能够概括文章主旨，是最佳标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了气候变化影响了拉达克地区的水供给以及解决的措施。
5.D 根据The tall Himalayan mountains和下文per year可知，高耸的喜马拉雅山脉阻挡了每年的雨水。
6.B 根据in the sun可知，拉达克通常每年有300天沐浴在阳光下。
7.A 根据第一段第二句可知，洪水事实上以前都没听说过。
8.C 根据since 2010 owing to climate change可知，洪水已经发生了四次。
9.B 根据下文Winter snow melted to 10 rivers and provided water for agriculture in the spring.可知，15年前，拉达克的土地为村民提供了稳定的供水。
10.D 根据语境可知，雪融化后供给河流。
11.A 根据下文The snow melts faster可知，温度上升。
12.C 根据语境可知，温度上升，雪融化得更快，使得村民们在春天几乎没有水。
13.B 根据上文villagers可知，农民离开了。
14.D 根据Despite可知，这个地区还是有希望的。
15.C 根据下文unmelted ice under a bridge， sheltered from the sun可知，这是注意到的事情。
16.A 先是注意到，然后是有了一个好主意。
17.C 根据下文Freezing it in the shape of a cone可知，冬天能冻得住冰。
18.A 根据maximize the volume of ice per surface area exposed to the sun可知，延长融化所需的时间。
19.D 根据上文Eventually， they did it.可知，冰塔解决了水供给问题，所以冰塔是很受欢迎的。
2 / 2Part Ⅰ 一维重点突破
It has been confirmed that 5，000 competitors all over the world competed with each other in the last Olympics. Unfortunately， he was running on the track when he fell and got injured.We were all scared to death.But he didn’t give up.He almost ran out of his strength.When the match came to end， he was informed of winning it at last.With the doctors treating him carefully and patiently， he recovered soon.And I am really curious to know what he will do in the future. 微技能热身 1.①处应填介词 。 2.②处应选 。 A.My friend Mike also competed in it. B.My friend Mike is an excellent student in our school. 3.③处应填冠词 。
confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准
【练通】 单句语法填空
①It is your encouragement that confirms me the belief that I will surely win the competition.
②（人教选必二）The bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red，gold，and orange，and there was frost on the ground， （confirm） that autumn had arrived in Canada.
【写美】 完成句子
③ obesity often results from lack of exercise and unhealthy diets.已经证实，肥胖往往是缺乏运动和不健康的饮食导致的。
【归纳】
（1）confirm sth/that ... 证实/确定……
confirm sb in the belief that ... 使某人坚信……
confirm sb as 任命某人为
be confirmed by sb 被某人认可
It has been confirmed that ... 已经确定/证实……
（2）confirmation n. 证实，确认
【佳句】 I do hope you are able to join us.Please reply to confirm your attendance at your earliest convenience. （邀请信）
我确实希望你能加入我们。请在您方便的时候尽早回复确认您的出席。
scare vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n.恐慌；惊吓
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（外研必修二）People have always been scared sharks， but Jaws made things worse.
②The look suggested that there must be something around her.（scare）
③It was a frightening story and children were scared death when they heard it.
【写美】 完成句子
④The moment my father arrived home， I bowed my head timidly and .
父亲一回到家，我胆怯地低着头，不敢看他的脸。
【归纳】
（1）scare ...away/off 把……吓跑
scare sb into/out of doing sth 恐吓某人做/不做某事
（2）scared adj. 害怕的，恐惧的
be scared to death 吓得要死
害怕做某事
（3）scary adj. 恐怖的，吓人的
【佳句】 Although he was scared to death，Mac struggled to crawl up and threw his bicycle at the scary wolf with all his strength.Fortunately， the wolf was scared away/off. （人与动物）
虽然被吓得要死，麦克还是挣扎着爬起来用尽全力把他的自行车扔向那只吓人的狼。幸运的是，狼被吓跑了。
inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知
【练通】 单句语法填空
①It’s necessary for us to keep the new staff （inform） of the procedure of taking office.
②（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the guide， this walk promises to be an （inform） tour.
【写美】 词汇升级
③Would you please inform me of your plan in advance so that I can make arrangements accordingly？
→Would you please your plan in advance so that I can make arrangements accordingly？
【归纳】
（1）inform sb of/about sth 告知某人某事
inform sb that/where/how ... 通知某人……
keep sb informed of/about ... 使某人了解……
（2）information n. 信息
informative adj.提供有用信息的；增长见闻的
informed adj. 有见识的，有依据的
【佳句】 （外研选必二）In this way， they will be better equipped in their adult lives to make informed choices about how they use the money they have.
这样，他们在步入成人社会时才会更加得心应手，并且能够对如何管理金钱作出明智的选择。
curious adj.好奇的；奇特的
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（人教必修一）I’m curious everything.I often ask questions， but I learn best by doing.
②Liz picked up the blue envelope and turned it over （curious）.
【写美】 完成句子
③ ， the little boy peered into the office through the window.出于好奇，这个小男孩透过窗户向办公室里窥视。
【归纳】
（1）be curious about 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth 渴望做某事
（2）curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心
out of curiosity 出于好奇
（3）curiously adv. 好奇地
【佳句】 Coated with brown curly hair，it looked everywhere， eyes sparkling with curiosity and a little uneasiness.它披着棕色的卷发，到处张望，眼睛里闪烁着好奇和些许不安。
run out of用完，耗尽
【练通】 用run的相关短语填空
①In the future，care for the environment will become very important as the Earth’s natural resources .
②We ran some old friends in the village yesterday.
③In the distance， two policemen are running a robber.
【写美】 同义句转换
④I have run out of/used up my money， so I can’t afford to buy this book.
→My money ， so I can’t afford to buy this book.
【归纳】
run out ……用完了
run across 偶然遇到
run into 撞上，偶遇
run after 追逐；追求
【佳句】 （人教必修一）Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide， and fish jumped out of the water.老鼠跑到田外，寻找藏身之所；鱼儿也跳出水面。
【点津】 run out/give out “用完，耗尽”，为不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，其主语是物；run out of/use up“用完，耗尽”，为及物动词短语，其主语是人。
be doing ...when ...正在做……这时……
Alice Brown， head teacher at Falmont Primary School， was teaching when the floor began to shake.弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗当时正在授课，这时突然地面开始晃动。
【写美】 完成句子/一句多译
①The professor students rushed out of the classroom.
教授刚结束了演讲，学生们就冲出了教室。
②我正要放弃，这时老师的鼓励给了我回答这个问题的勇气。
→I the teacher’s encouragement gave me the courage to answer the question.
→I the teacher’s encouragement gave me the courage to answer the question.
【归纳】
（1）be doing ...when ... 正在做……这时……
（2）be about to do ...when ...＝be on the point of doing ...when ... 正要做……这时……
（3）had just done ...when ...
刚做了……这时……
【佳句】 We were driving along a country lane when， suddenly， a car drove past us.
我们正沿着一个乡村小道行驶，这时突然有一辆轿车超过了我们。
【点津】 when是并列连词，表示“这时”，相当于and then/and at that time。
A violent hurricane suddenly struck the town yesterday， causing many houses to fall down.Many big trees lay on the road as if cut off.The whole town had no power.The water supply was also cut in some villages.Many people had their possessions buried under the ruins， thus becoming homeless.To their relief， the government made quick reactions and took measures in time to help them out after it occurred. 微技能热身 1.①处struck意为“ ”，可以用 替代。 2.②处应填 ，与cut连用意为“切断；切掉”。 3.③处是have sth done结构，表示“ ”。 4.④处take measures to do sth意为“ ”。
power n.电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量
【练通】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①He said mental abilities were still （power） at the age of sixty and do not decrease before then.
②（人教选必一）Circumstances changed in 1933，when Hitler （开始掌权） in Germany.
③Unfortunately， it’s （超出我的能力） to get through the work in such a short time.
【写美】 词汇升级
④I’ll try my best to perform well in the volunteer job.
→I’ll to perform well in the volunteer job.
【归纳】
（1）come to power 开始掌权（强调动作）
be in power 当权，执政（强调状态）
（2）within/in one’s power 某人能力/权力范围之内
beyond/out of one’s power 某人力所不能及
（3）have the power to do sth有能力/权力做某事
do everything in one’s power to do sth 尽全力做某事
（4）powerful adj.强大的；有感染力的；有势力的
【佳句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）Nothing much.Just stay indoors.There is a risk of falling trees and power lines.
没什么特别的。只是待在室内。有树木和电线倒塌的风险。
supply n.补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt.供应，供给，提供
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply fresh greens.
②The natural resources， such as coal and oil， are short supply in this country.
【写美】 完成句子
③In addition， the summer camp to visit museums， which is a good way to learn about our history. （活动介绍）
此外，夏令营还为会员提供参观博物馆的机会，这是了解我们历史的好途径。
【归纳】
（1）supply sth to sb＝supply sb with sth 向某人提供某物
（2）be in short supply 短缺
a large supply of/large supplies of 大量……的供应
【佳句】 Looking back on the process of studying with you， I will never forget the help you supplied/offered to me.回顾和你一起学习的过程，我永远不会忘记你提供给我的帮助。
【联想】 表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有：
①provide sb with sth＝provide sth for sb
②offer sb sth＝offer sth to sb
relief n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little （relieve）.
②Hearing his son had been admitted to Harvard University， the old man smiled relief.
【写美】 翻译句子
③让我们欣慰的是，大批救援人员赶来，我们的城市逐渐恢复了生机。
【归纳】
（1）with relief 欣慰地，释然地；松了口气
to one’s relief 让某人宽慰的是
It’s a relief to do sth 做某事是令人欣慰的
（2）relieve v. 解除；减轻；缓解（不快或痛苦）；给……换班
（3）relieved adj. 感到宽慰的
【佳句】 I rushed to the hospital and learned that he was safe and sound， I let out a sigh of relief.
我匆忙赶到医院，得知他安全无恙，我松了一口气。
reaction n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（外研选必三）While Tao Yuanming’s return to nature was a （react） to a lifestyle he was opposed to， Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.
②（2025·扬州模拟）Besides， in tennis you must learn to be （react）， because you don’t know how long the match lasts.
【写美】 完成句子
③ is an important component of being a teacher.
对肢体语言作出反应是教师职责的重要组成部分。
【归纳】
（1）reaction to ... 对……的反应
（2）react vi. 起化学反应；作出反应；回应
react to 对……作出反应
react with 与……起（化学）反应
react against 反对；反抗
（3）reactive adj. 反应的；电抗的；活性的
【佳句】 （北师大选必三）To get ahead in the world and lead a happy successful life requires getting on well with other people and being able to understand and react to situations in the best way possible.
要在这个世界上出人头地，过上快乐又成功的生活，必须与他人融洽相处，并能够以最好的方式理解和应对各种状况。
occur vi.发生，出现；存在于
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（外研选必二）I was watching a superhero film the other day and a thought occurred me： where does Superman get changed these days？
②（2022·北京卷）Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories， sugar， fat and the （occur） of common diseases.
【写美】 翻译句子
③（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）我从没想过这次户外美术课会取得如此大的成功。
【归纳】
（1）occur to 被想到，浮现在脑中
sth occurs to sb 某人突然想起某事
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that ... 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb to do sth 某人突然想起做某事
（2）occurrence n. 发生；出现；事件
【佳句】 That night a terrible storm occurred， with the wind blowing and beating the house.
那天晚上下了一场可怕的暴风雨，狂风吹着，拍打着房子。
【点津】 （1）occur没有被动语态，不用于进行时；occur作谓语时，主语不能是人。
（2）表示“发生”的常见动词（短语）还有happen、take place等。
状语从句的省略
Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday ...它的墙壁就像昨天刚被粉刷过一样新……
【写美】 完成句子/句式升级
①It was as if between them.
就好像他们之间什么都没有改变。
②（2023·1月浙江卷）It seemed that the bird was waiting for me， its beady eyes locked on mine .那只鸟似乎在等我，它亮晶晶的眼睛紧盯着我，仿佛在试图传达某种深沉的、无法言说的感激之情。
③If you are asked to look after luggage for someone else， please inform the police at once.
→ ，please inform the police at once.（省略句）
【归纳】
本句中的as if painted yesterday为as if引导的方式状语从句的省略形式，还原后为as if they were painted yesterday，此外，as if还可引导表语从句。as if引导的从句的语气和时态如下：
as if
【佳句】 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）I simply stood there dumbfounded， and my feet， as if rooted to the ground， couldn’t move a bit.
我只是呆呆地站在那里，惊愕不已，我的双脚仿佛在地上生了根似的，一动也不能动。
Part Ⅱ 二维微点练全
维度一 阅读词汇清障——一词多义/熟词生义
1.sharp
A.adj.急剧的；明显的 B.adj.灵敏的 C.adj.锋利的 D.adv.（……点）整 E.adj.急转的，突然的
（1）It was not until the moment she got closer that I saw the raspberries held in her sharp mouth.
（2）Challenging work might help your brain stay sharp as you age.
（3）（北师大必修三）According to him， the sharpest loss of memory occurs during the very early period after learning.
（4）However，life took a sharp turn.In his late twenties， he started to lose his hearing.
（5）She planned to unlock the shop at 8：00 sharp the next morning.
2.flood
A.n.洪水，水灾 B.n.大批，大量 C.vt.淹没 D.vi.大量涌入 E.vi.涌上心头
（1）Then I’ll be able to survive even when the tall buildings are flooded.
（2）I felt happiness and relief flooded over me after my son came home from the front.
（3）（人教必修二）In the 1950s，the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam across the Nile in order to control floods， produce electricity， and supply water to more farmers in the area.
（4）They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas， which are on loan from China.
（5）After the war broke out， refugees continue to flood into neighbouring countries.
3.bar
A.n.吧台 B.n.栏杆 C.n.（长方形）条，块
（1）All the ground floor windows were fitted with bars.
（2）There is a long wooden bar in the pub where people sit and enjoy drinks.
（3）The only way to pay for the groceries was to take off the things she could do without： a bottle of rubbing alcohol （医用酒精） and a bar of soap.
4.词义猜测
（1）As is known， an elephant is characterized by a long trunk.
（2）They have invented a new car， which is powered by solar batteries.
（3）It is curious that she left without saying goodbye.
（4）The government demanded that the relief should be sent to the flood victims as soon as possible.
维度二 写作词汇夯实——词形转换/动词形式变化/固定搭配
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.（2024·北京卷）Based on the （inform） entered by each student， potential pairs are identified.
2.（2025·淮安名校联考）Wildlife transporters help get rescued sick， injured and orphaned wildlife from a （rescue），carer or vet clinic to a wildlife hospital or a wildlife carer.
3.（2022·全国甲卷）However， after I went to high school， somehow I became （distance） from him.
4.（人教选必二）Two of the essential qualities a scientist needs to have seem to be （curious） and creativity.
5.For example， you could conduct a scientific experiment or observe how a chemical （react） works.
6.Aron was rushed to hospital immediately， where he received treatment for his （injure） and expected to make a full recovery.
7.（2025·南京、盐城一模）Because that was indeed a （relieve） of stress then.I can’t tell you how grateful we both were for what he said to us that day.
8.The way in which the animals were treated was （shock）， and it sparked outrage among animal rights activists.
9.Memories with the hummingbird （occur） to me when I walked to the blackberry-lined path.
10.（2025·宿迁联考）With an ample supply rags， I threw myself into the task， tirelessly mopping， scrubbing， and wiping.
11.Some children （slide） down the slide on the playground happily when they heard someone crying for help.
12.（外研选必一）In this way， practising day in and day out helped Stephen （sharp） his skills.
13.This girl gave a vivid account of the destructive flood in that county as if she （experience） it herself.
14.This has led companies and individuals to donate money developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1. （令她欣慰的是）， her son passed the finishing line at last.
2.Luckily， we saw a ship （在远处） coming toward us.
3.The children returned home （安然无恙的） after the long trip.
4.To my surprise， the cloud （呈现……的形状） a rabbit in the west.
5.People came from （各处） to see the famous singer’s concert.
6.The sponsor （偶然遇到） one of his old friends when he was walking in the street the other day.
Part Ⅲ 三维写作提能
博文——如何在地震中求生
第一步 练单句——词句优美，吸引眼球
1.如果地震来袭，我们能做什么来生存？ （survive）
2.一定要保持冷静。当地震来袭时，你不要吓得往楼下跑，而应躲在书桌或桌子下以防止受伤。（injury； keep one’s head）
3.尽量节省精力。困在废墟时，不要一直呼救。（trap；ruin）
4.等待营救时努力自救。（rescue；状语从句的省略）
5.敲东西发出求救信号也有用。（signal；it作形式主语）
第二步 组语篇——文从字顺，赏心悦目
厚积薄发，下笔有神
亮词 情感描写：odd；relief；shock；scare；curious
动作描写：crash；confirm； inform； occur to；keep one’s head
美句 ①Her students’ reaction was quick and correct — they moved under their desks， head first， and held on to the legs of the desks.（动作描写） ②There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling to the ground，but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly. （环境描写） ③Within one minute and twenty seconds，the whole class went down the stairs and rushed to the playground. （动作描写） ④People were walking， running or simply sitting on the sandy beach， enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair. （动作描写）
情感描写之“后悔、内疚、自责”
词汇 美句
单词 ①guilt n.内疚；罪行；罪责→guilty adj.有罪的；内疚的；感到惭愧的→guiltily adv.内疚地；有罪地 ②regret n.& vt.后悔；遗憾；惋惜→regretful adj.遗憾的；后悔的；失望的→regretfully adv.遗憾地；后悔地；失望地 ③self-condemned adj.自我谴责的；自责的 ①Tears blurred my vision when I went to buy food at the food court.What my neighbour said exactly spoke my mind.With regret， I felt obliged to do the same. 当我去美食广场买食物时，泪水模糊了我的视线。我的邻居所说的话正合我意。带着遗憾，我觉得自己也不得不这么做。 ②I deeply regret not having spent more time with my family before they moved away. 我非常后悔在家人搬走前没有多花时间陪陪他们。 （动词-ing形式） ③Every time I think about how I hurt her feelings， I am filled with regret. 每当我想到如何伤害了她的感情，我就充满了后悔。 （时间状语从句） ④I can’t shake off the feeling of guilt and self-blame for not being there for my friend when she needed me most.我无法摆脱因在朋友最需要我时没能在她身边而产生的内疚和自责感。 （动词-ing形式）
词块 ①feeling of guilt 内疚感 ②a guilty look on one’s face 脸上露出惭愧的表情 ③a regretful smile 歉意的微笑 ④regretful tears 悔恨的泪水 ⑤be full of guilt/regret满心愧疚/充满遗憾 ⑥much to one’s regret/to one’s great regret 令某人深感遗憾的是 ⑦with deep/great regret 很遗憾地
情境导语 社会学老师告诉我，不是我的女儿莉莉先动手打了她的同学，我后悔打了她……
第一步 完成句子
1.一放下电话，我就飞奔到她的房间。
， I rushed to her room.（on doing ...）
2.看着莉莉泪流满面，我脸上写满愧疚。
Looking at Lily’s face wet with tears， I .（神态描写＋情感描写）
3.我还没来得及解释，她就冲出去了。
Before I could explain， .（动作描写）
4.我愣住了，沉浸在对她的内疚感中。要是我没误解她多好啊！
I froze， .If only I had not mistaken her！（非谓语动词作状语）
5.我眼里涌出懊悔的泪水，冲下楼向她道歉。
， I dashed downstairs to apologize to her.（with复合结构）
第二步 连句成文
（2024·1月浙江卷）On September 7， 1991， the costliest hailstorm （雹暴） in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs.As a result， since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture （水分） is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand， who farms in that area， has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.“Basically， the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail，” Mr.Stienwand says， “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss， a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc.of Fargo， North Dakota.“We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air， so we cannot be causing drought，” Dr.Krauss says.“In fact， we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell， a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma.“In 1999， I personally saw significant tornadoes （龙卷风） form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas，” Dr.Doswell says.“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind？ No one really knows， of course， but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt， Mr.Stienwand suggests， “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice， doubt has had the opposite effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts， no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.Hence， private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
28.What does the project aim to do？（ ）
A.Conserve moisture in the soil.
B.Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C.Forecast disastrous hailstorms.
D.Investigate chemical use in farming.
29.Who are opposed to the project？（ ）
A.Farmers in east-central Alberta.
B.Managers of insurance companies.
C.Provincial government officials.
D.Residents of Calgary and Edmonton.
30.Why does Dr.Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999？（ ）
A.To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B.To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C.To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D.To show the link between storms and moisture.
31.What can we infer from the last paragraph？（ ）
A.Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B.Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C.The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D.Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
（一）由文本积阅读词汇
1.suburb n. 郊区；城外
2.suppression n. 镇压，压制
3.address n. 演讲；住址；称呼；通信处
vt. 演讲；致函；设法解决
4.urban adj. 城市的；城镇的；都市的
5.drought n. 干旱；旱灾；久旱
6.manage vt. 管理；经营；设法做到
7.affect vt. 影响；使感染；侵袭
8.significant adj. 重要的，有重大意义的；
显著的
9.lawsuit n. 诉讼，诉讼案（课标外词汇）
（二）由文本积主题词块
1.small ice crystals 小冰晶
2.thirsty land 干旱的土地
3.cloud seeding 人工降雨
4.a cloud physicist 一个云物理学家
5.a very small percentage of 一个很小的比例
6.create killer storms 引发致命的风暴
7.private climate engineering 私人气候工程
（三）由文本知变式运用
1.学习构词（派生词/合成词）
（1）dangerous adj.危险的；不安全的 [danger （n.）＋后缀-ous ]
（2）downwind adv.& adj.在下风处；顺风方向 [down （adv.）＋wind （n.）]
（3）provincial adj.省的；一级行政区的 [province （n.）＋后缀-ial]
（4）percentage n.百分比；百分率；提成 [percent （n.）＋后缀-age]
（5）safety n.安全 [safe （adj.）＋后缀-ty]
2.近义替换（用文中词汇替换）
（1）problem＝ （第二段）
（2）ran＝ （第三段）
（3）considering＝ （第五段）
3.熟词生义（文中生义）
（1）threatening [熟义] adj.具有威胁的；恐吓的
→[生义] adj. （第一段第三句）
（2）farm [熟义] n.农场；养殖场；农舍；饲养场
→[生义] v. （第二段第一句）
（四）由文本学靓丽表达
1.As a result， since 1996 a group of insurance companies （每年花费约200万美元） on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.
2.Norman Stienwand， who （在该地区务农）， has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.（非限制性定语从句）
（五）由文本探析长难句
Given the degree of doubt， Mr.Stienwand suggests， “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.”
分析：句中Given引导一个原因状语，句子谓语是 。句子通过it would be wise to ...的 语气，表达了一种理智和谨慎的态度，使得建议更加有说服力。整个句子结构紧凑，逻辑清晰。
译文：
UNIT 2 Natural disasters
【考点·多维突破】
Part Ⅰ
考点新语境（一）
[微技能热身] 1.from 2.A 3.an
1.①in ②confirming ③It has been confirmed that
2.①of ②scared； scary ③to
④was scared to look/of looking at his face
3.①informed ②informative ③keep me informed of/about
4.①about ②curiously ③Out of curiosity
5.①run out ②across/into ③after ④has run out/has been run out of/has been used up/has given out
6.①had just finished his speech when ②was on the point of giving up when； was about to give up when
考点新语境（二）
[微技能热身] 1.侵袭 hit 2.off 3.遭遇某种（不幸的）事情 4.采取措施做某事
7.①powerful ②came to power ③beyond my power
④do everything in my power
8.①of ②in ③supplies a chance to members/supplies members with a chance
9.①relief ②with ③To our relief， a large number of rescue workers came， and our city gradually returned to life.
10.①reaction ②reactive ③Reacting to body language
11.①to ②occurrence ③It never occurred to/hit/struck me that this outdoor art class would make such a great success.
12.①nothing had changed ②as if trying to convey some deep， unspoken gratitude ③If asked to look after luggage for someone else
Part Ⅱ
维度一
1.（1）C （2）B （3）A （4）E （5）D
2.（1）C （2）E （3）A （4）B （5）D
3.（1）B （2）A （3）C
4.（1）n.象鼻 （2）vt.提供动力 （3）adj.奇怪的；不寻常的
（4）n.救济物资
维度二
Ⅰ.1.information 2.rescuer 3.distant 4.curiosity
5.reaction 6.injuries 7.relief 8.shocking 9.occurred
10.of 11.were sliding 12.sharpen 13.had experienced
14.to
Ⅱ.1.To her relief 2.in the distance 3.safe and sound
4.took the form of 5.far and wide 6.ran across
Part Ⅲ
应用文写作增分练
第一步
1.If an earthquake strikes， what can we do to survive？
2.Be sure to keep your head.When an earthquake strikes， you should not run downstairs in fear， but should hide under your desk or table to prevent injury.
3.Try to save energy.Trapped in ruins， don’t cry for help all the time.
4.Make efforts to save yourself when waiting for rescue.
5.It is helpful to tap things to send signals for help.
第二步
If an earthquake strikes， what can we do to survive？First， be sure to keep your head.When an earthquake strikes， you should not run downstairs in fear， but should hide under your desk or table to prevent injury.Second， try to save energy.Trapped in ruins， don’t cry for help all the time.Besides， make efforts to save yourself when waiting for rescue.Finally， it is helpful to tap things to send signals for help.
读后续写微技能
第一步
1.On putting down the phone
2.had guilt written all over my face
3.she rushed out
4.drowning in feelings of guilt about her
5.With regretful tears welling up in my eyes
第二步
On putting down the phone， I rushed to her room.Looking at Lily’s face wet with tears， I had guilt written all over my face.Before I could explain， she rushed out.I froze， drowning in feelings of guilt about her.If only I had not mistaken her！ With regretful tears welling up in my eyes， I dashed downstairs to apologize to her.
【素养·培育落实】
一、做真题
28.B 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，飞机通过向有威胁性的风暴云播撒一种化学物质，使得小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前先变成雨落下，即这一计划旨在防止冰雹的形成。
29.A 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，Alberta中东部的农民担心播云会带走他们干旱土地中的宝贵水分，即艾伯塔省中东部的农民是反对这一计划的。
30.C 目的意图题。根据第四段第一句中的One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell可知，Doswell博士对播云的安全性持怀疑态度。接着他提到1999年目睹的由一个已经被播撒了化学物质的风暴单体形成的巨大龙卷风。随后他又提出疑问：怀疑播云会产生致命的风暴或减少下风处的水分。由此推断，Doswell博士提到1999年的龙卷风是为了表明播云可能存在的风险。
31.D 推理判断题。根据文章末句可知，私营的气候工程公司可以在相对合法的安全环境中继续进行下去，也就是这些公司会继续存在下去。
三、再利用
（三）2.（1）issue （2）managed （3）given
3.（1）乌云密布的，阴沉沉的 （2）务农；种田；从事畜牧业
（四）1.have spent about $2 million per year
2.farms in that area
（五）suggests 虚拟
鉴于这种程度的疑虑，Stienwand先生建议：“停止人工降雨将是明智之举。”
13 / 13(共163张PPT)
UNIT 2 Natural disasters
高中总复习·英语 (译林版)
01
晨背
积累沉淀
02
基础
夯实过关
03
考点
多维突破
Part Ⅰ 一维重点突破
Part Ⅱ 二维微点练全
Part Ⅲ 三维写作提能
04
素养
培育落实
05
技能
锤炼提升
1
晨背·积累沉淀
高效用时，积少成多
阅读词汇明义
快速一览
1. county n.郡，县
2. typhoon n.台风
3. hurricane n.飓风
4. charity n.慈善机构（或组织）；慈善，施舍；仁爱，宽容
5. slide n.幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩
vi.& vt.滑行；逐渐陷入
6. document n.文件，公文；（计算机中的）文档
7. unearth vt.使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到
8. cloud-capped adj.高耸入云的，耸入云霄的
9. trunk n.树干
10. pattern n.图案，花样；模式；范例；模型
11. column n.柱，圆柱；柱状物；栏；专栏；队，列
12. Roman adj.古罗马的；罗马的
n.古罗马人；罗马人
13. ashy adj.覆盖着灰的；灰色的
14. dawn n.黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽
vi.开始；开始清楚
教材例句
15. （人教选必二）Later， I learnt that the most famous food in
Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green
onions. n.卷
16. （外研必修三）He soon reached his first target of $70， but when he
gave the money to a charity， he was told that it actually cost $2，000 to
build a well. n.慈善机构（或组织）
17. （北师大选必四）Living in a hotel means the hotel staff makes the
bed every day and I don’t have to do my own washing！ n.全体职工
写作词汇运用
词块记忆
1. natural disaster 自然灾害
2. the emergency exit 紧急出口
3. an orderly line 有序排队
4. take the stairs 走楼梯
5. It has been confirmed that ...已经确定……
6. hug each other 相互拥抱
7. safety procedures 安全步骤
8. a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man
一个外表有点古怪但生性善良、风趣幽默的人
9. a formal conference一个正式会议
10. power supply 电力供应
11. raise funds 筹集资金
12. a fellow downstairs 楼下的家伙
13. an international tourist destination一处国际旅游胜地
14. the Import and Export Trade Markets in China
中国进出口贸易市场
15. at dawn 黎明时分
16. the top of the volcano 火山口
17. go beyond all our expectations大大超过我们的预期
18. eventually rescued by helicopter最后被直升机救走了
19. crash into each other 撞到了一起
20. the North Pole 北极
21. a yoghurt with honey 酸奶配蜂蜜
22. signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n.信号，暗号；标志；信号灯
①a traffic signal交通信号
②a human traffic signal人体交通标志
③signal us to stop示意我们停下来
23. flood n.洪水，水灾；大量 vi.& vt.淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满
①a flood of letters大量的信件
②lost everything in the flood在洪水中失去了一切
③flood into the area 涌入这个地区
24. bar n.酒吧；小馆子；吧台；条，块；栏杆；障碍 vt.封；阻挡；
阻止
①a cocktail bar一个鸡尾酒酒吧
②the bar codes on the products产品上的条形码
③be barred from leaving the country被禁止出境
25. otherwise adv.否则，不然；除此以外
We couldn’t drink any of it otherwise we’d get really sick.
我们一滴也不能喝，否则就会染上重病。
写作词汇运用
语境记忆
26. occur vi.发生（happen，take place），出现；存在于
It occurred to him that the flowers are gifts，not possessions，and that
only by sharing can the magic remain and last.（主旨升华）
他突然想到，鲜花不是财富而是礼物，只有分享才能魅力永存。
27. inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知
（2024·北京卷）Hearing that you plan to submit an article on the
occasion of the 75th anniversary of the China’s founding， I can’t wait
to inform you that you should write about China’s economic growth and
technological advancements.
听说你计划在新中国成立75周年之际撰文投稿，我迫不及待地想告诉
你，你应该写一写中国经济的增长和技术进步。
28. sharp adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的
（2024·全国甲卷）Students are reminded not to carry sharp things such
as knives and swords.
提醒学生不要携带刀具和剑等尖锐物品。
He exposed his sharp teeth， glaring at us as he ran forward.（神
情描写）
它露出它那锋利的牙齿，一边怒视我们，一边向前跑。
派生词汇识记
1. injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害→injured adj.受伤的→injury n.伤
害，损伤
2. reaction n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应→react vi.起反应，作
出反应
3. relief n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济→relieve vt.解除，减轻，
缓和→relieved adj.感到宽慰的，放心的
4. shock n.震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊
的→shocked adj.感到震惊的
5. scare vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n.恐慌；惊吓→scared adj.恐惧的；害怕
的→scary adj.恐怖的；可怕的
6. power n.电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量
→powerful adj.强大的；有力的→powerless adj.无力的；没有能力的
7. donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献（血）→donation n.捐赠，赠送；献
（血）
8. curious adj.好奇的；奇特的→curiosity n.好奇心→curiously adv.好
奇地
9. erupt vi.& vt.（火山）爆发；突然发生→eruption n.（战争
等）爆发
10. unbearable adj.难耐的，无法忍受的→bearable adj.可忍受的；能
应付的→bear v.忍受
11. distance n.遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远→distant adj.远方的；
遥远的
12. locate vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在（或建造于）
→location n.地点，位置
1.后缀-able形容词荟萃 ①unbearable 无法忍受的 ②adjustable 可调节的 ③adaptable 可适应的 ④reasonable 合理的 ⑤changeable 易变的 ⑥respectable 可敬的 2.探访“双写词尾字母”家族
①prefer→preferred， preferring 更喜欢
②refer→referred， referring 提及；参考
③occur→occurred，
occurring 发生；出现
④chat→chatted， chatting 聊天，闲聊
⑤clap→clapped，
clapping 鼓掌；拍手
⑥hug→hugged， hugging 拥抱
3.“to one’s＋名
词”短语荟萃
①to one’s relief 使某人宽慰的是
②to one’s delight 使某人高兴的是
③to one’s sorrow 使某人伤心的是
④to one’s shame 使某人惭愧的是
⑤to one’s regret 使某人遗憾的是
⑥to one’s surprise 使某人惊讶的是
1. at large 整个，全部
2. safe and sound 安然无恙的
3. occur to 被想到，浮现在脑中
4. keep one’s head （在困境中）保持冷静
5. run out of 用完，耗尽
6. take the form of 呈现……的形状；采取……的形式
7. break out 突然开始，爆发
8. far and wide 到处，各处
9. hold on to 抓紧，不放开；（替别人或更长时间地）保存某物
10. to one’s relief 让某人宽慰的是
11. in detail 详细地
12. flood in 涌入
13. in all directions 朝着四面八方
14. above all 最重要的是
15. in the distance 在远处
16. roll call 点名
17. a series of 一系列
18. wash away 冲走
19. suffer slight injuries 轻微受伤
20. signal to the students to exit the classroom
示意学生们离开教室
21. signs of an approaching tsunami 海啸逼近的迹象
22. a destructive storm 一场毁灭性的风暴
23. the power failure 电力故障，停电
24. donate food and clothes to charities 给慈善机构捐食物和衣服
1. 句式：leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
原句：On 20 December，a series of huge waves caused by an undersea
earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands
dead.
12月20日，由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速冲过金海岸附近的海
面，造成数千人死亡。
2. 句式：It occurs to sb （that） ...
原句：It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an
approaching tsunami.
她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的征兆。
3. 句式：名词短语（the moment等）引导时间状语从句
原句：The moment the shaking stopped， Miss Brown sensed it was
the best time for the class to make their escape.晃动一停止，布朗女士立
即意识到这是全班逃生的最佳时机。
4. 句式：情态动词＋have done
原句：Its ashy rocks，now dark，now light，told a story of past
eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come！
火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告
这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！
5. 句式：as if引导方式状语从句
原句：Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday；not a single colour
changed on the rich pattern of its floors.
它的墙壁新得像昨天刚刚粉刷过，地板上繁复的图案一点都没有
褪色。
One day an earthquake broke out in Jenny’s hometown.Some
cried， were scared and even became numb.Some others hugged each
other tightly.Luckily， only a small number of people were badly
injured，and lots of people suffered slight injuries.Everywhere people
looked，there was nothing but ruins.They were in shock.Soon after the
quake， the rescue team arrived.After confirming that most people were
safe and sound，the leader smiled with relief.Some charities
immediately supplied the county with food， shelters and funds；many individuals also began to donate some food and clothes to the
victims the moment they were informed of the news.Gradually， the
county came to life.
2
基础·夯实过关
默写查验，巧学活用
（一）分类识记单词——用时少·功效快
阅读单词知意
请在没有记牢的单词前的方框内画“√”，以便下次着重记忆。
□1.county n.郡，县
□2.roll n.名单；卷；一管；翻滚
vi.& vt.翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起
□3.tsunami n.海啸
□4.typhoon n.台风
□5.hurricane n.飓风
□6.charity n.慈善机构（或组织）；慈善，施舍；仁爱，宽容
□7.staff n.全体职工；管理人员
vt.在……工作，任职于
□8.slide n.幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩
vi.& vt.滑行；逐渐陷入
□9.document n.文件，公文；（计算机中的）文档
□10.Roman adj.古罗马的；罗马的
n.古罗马人；罗马人
□11.unearth vt.使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到
□12.cloud-capped adj.高耸入云的，耸入云霄的
□13.ashy adj.覆盖着灰的；灰色的
□14.dawn n.黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽
vi.开始；开始清楚
□15.trunk n.树干
□16.pattern n.图案，花样；模式；范例；模型
□17.column n.柱，圆柱；柱状物；栏；专栏；队，列
核心单词练通
1. n.碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃
vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击；崩溃
2. vt.& vi.出去，离去，退场；退出
n.出口，通道；离开
3. adj.有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的
4. n.楼梯；梯级
5. vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准
6. adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的
7. vi.发生，出现；存在于
crash
exit
orderly
stair
confirm
odd
occur
8. adj.引起破坏（或毁灭）的，破坏（或毁灭）性的
9. n.柱，杆；极
10. n.会议，研讨会；讨论，商谈
11. n.资金；基金
12. adv.在楼下，往楼下n.楼下
13. n.（爱称）亲爱的；蜂蜜
14. n.进口产品，输入的产品；输入vt.进口，引进
15. n.出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出vt.出口，输出
16. n.港口，避风港；港口城市
destructive
pole
conference
fund
downstairs
honey
import
export
port
17. adv.在（或向）较远处，在另一边prep.在（或向）更
远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外
18. n.& vt.救援，营救，抢救
19. vi.& vt.退休，退职
beyond
rescue
retire
单词拼写
1. （北师大必修三）The bikes were parked at special parking
places.Thus people who wanted to use them had to take them to another
special parking place near their （目的地） and leave
them there.
2. （外研必修三）I should probably put my flat on the market and buy a
boat.That way， when the Thames rises and there is a （洪
水） in London， I’ll still be able to get to work.
destination
flood
3. （人教选必三）The island has no plants.Sometimes we are able to
catch a seal or a penguin to eat. （除此以外）， there is
no food.
4. We regret to （通知） you that the coffee shop we have
run for 3 years will be closed very soon.
5. The moment they met， they （拥抱） tightly as if they
hadn’t seen each other for ages.
6. For me， it was just a simple party.But for Shannon， it was
a （信号） of acceptance.
Otherwise
inform
hugged
signal
7. The water （供应） has been cut off because of the terrible
earthquake.
8. The flood last month in the south was a real （灾难），
leaving 19 people dead and 78 missing.
9. Literally， cloning is a process used to create an exact copy of
mammals through a complicated （程序）.
10. The violent eruption of （火山） sometimes makes
many people lose their lives.
supply
disaster
procedure
volcanos
拓展单词用活
记全记牢
1. n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济→ vt.解
除，减轻，缓和→ adj.感到宽慰的，放心的
2. n.震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊→ adj.
令人震惊的→ adj.感到震惊的
3. vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n.恐慌；惊吓→ adj.恐惧
的；害怕的→ adj.恐怖的；可怕的
relief
relieve
relieved
shock
shocking
shocked
scare
scared
scary
4. vi.& vt.（火山）爆发；突然发生→ n.（战
争等）爆发
5. adj.难耐的，无法忍受的→ adj.可忍受
的；能应付的→ v.忍受
6. vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在（或建造于）
→ n.地点，位置
erupt
eruption
unbearable
bearable
bear
locate
location
用准用活
1. The man is always towards his neighbors，so his neighbors
often keep him at a .（distant）
2. I wanted to know how the students to my words as well as
your .（react）
3. After he came to ， he didn’t feel he
was .Instead， he even felt he was .
（power）
distant
distance
reacted
reaction
power
powerful
powerless
4. We money to the school every year.The is
given to those in need.They are grateful to the .（donate）
5. He got during the football match and the was
serious.（injure）
6. Children are always about everything they see and
hear.They often ask all kinds of questions .To meet
their ， we’d better answer them patiently.（curious）
donate
donation
donors
injured
injury
curious
curiously
curiosity
（二）集中识记短语——不枯燥·求实效
第一组
1. 整个，全部
2. 点名
3. 安然无恙的
4. 被想到，浮现在脑中
5. （在困境中）保持冷静
6. 用完，耗尽
7. 呈现……的形状；采取……的形式
8. 突然开始，爆发
at large
roll call
safe and sound
occur to
keep one’s head
run out of
take the form of
break out
第二组
1. 到处，各处
2. 抓紧，不放开；保住（优势）
3. 使某人宽慰的是
4. 一系列
5. 冲走
6. 在远处
7. 详细地
8. 最重要的是
far and wide
hold on to
to one’s relief
a series of
wash away
in the distance
in detail
above all
选用上面短语填空
1. （北师大选必三）Some hundred years later， the Great Flu
epidemic in 1918， also known as the Spanish Flu， killing
50 million people.
2. （外研选必二）It is certainly more convenient to take out a mobile
and make a call at the touch of a button than to press long
numbers on a telephone.
3. The athletes who will compete in the track events should go to
the 20 minutes before the race.
broke out
a series of
roll call
4. Heavy rain would not only the soil but would cause
serious floods as well.
5. I had all my patience and I began to explode with anger.
6. A good idea me while I was making fortune cookies.
7. Time’s up； I don’t have enough time to explain it to you
.
8. When Mary heard the fire alarm， she and looked
for the nearest emergency exit.
wash away
run out of
occurred to
in
detail
kept her head
密
码
解
读 本
单元 in- （内） ＋sight （看见）→看到事物内部→insight顿悟，深入了解
ex- （向外）＋tend （倾向，趋向，走向）→向外走→extend 延伸
拓
展 一对反义前缀： in-/im- & ex-（in-/im-前缀表示“内，里面”；ex-
前缀表示“向外”）
即
时
应
用 从下面方框中选择适当的单词并用其正确形式填空
involve， express， expose
1.（人教必修二）An idiom is an which means
something different from the meaning of the individual words.
2.（译林选必二）There are a host of reasons why we should get
students in artificial intelligence as early as possible.
3.（北师大必修三）Countries need to think about ways to inspire
interest for boys in reading and ensure that they are to a
wide variety of different types of literature from a young age.
expression
involved
exposed
（三）仿写活用句式——造佳句·表达高
句型公式 句式仿写
1.句型公式：be
doing ...when ...正在做……
这时…… 教材原句：Alice Brown， head
teacher at Falmont Primary
School， was teaching when the floor began to shake. 1.上周日，我正在街上散步，这时
突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了
下来。
Last Sunday， I
I suddenly saw an old
man fall off his bicycle.
was walking in the
street when
句型公式 句式仿写
2.句型公式：in case引导目的
状语从句 教材原句：At the same time，
Miss Brown quickly opened the
classroom door， in case it
became damaged during the
shaking and could not open. 2.（2023·北京卷）可以设立一些
展位，以防有人向您咨询一些环境
知识，与您分享一些可持续做法。
A few booths can be set up
.
in case
someone consult you about
environmental knowledge and share
sustainable practices with you
句型公式 句式仿写
3.句型公式：名词短语（the
moment等）引导时间状语从句 教材原句：The moment the
shaking stopped， Miss Brown
sensed it was the best time for the
class to make their escape. 3.（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）他一到达终
点线，人群就爆发出欢呼声。
The crowd burst into cheers
.
the
moment he reached the finishing
line
3
考点·多维突破
精讲精练，突破重难
Part Ⅰ 一维重点突破
It has been confirmed that 5，000 competitors
all over the world competed with each other in the last Olympics. Unfortunately， he was running on the track when he fell and got injured.We were all scared to death.But he didn’t give up.He almost ran out of his strength.When the match came to end， he was informed of winning it at last.With the doctors treating him carefully and patiently， he recovered soon.And I am really curious to know what he will do in the future.
微技能热身
1. ①处应填介词 。
2. ②处应选 。
A. My friend Mike also competed in it.
B. My friend Mike is an excellent student in our school.
from
A
3. ③处应填冠词 。
an
confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准
【练通】 单句语法填空
①It is your encouragement that confirms me the belief that I will
surely win the competition.
②（人教选必二）The bushes and maple trees outside their windows
were red，gold，and orange，and there was frost on the
ground， （confirm） that autumn had arrived in
Canada.
in
confirming
【写美】 完成句子
③ obesity often results from lack of exercise
and unhealthy diets.
已经证实，肥胖往往是缺乏运动和不健康的饮食导致的。
It has been confirmed that
【归纳】
（1）confirm sth/that ... 证实/确定……
confirm sb in the belief that ... 使某人坚信……
confirm sb as 任命某人为
be confirmed by sb 被某人认可
It has been confirmed that ... 已经确定/证实……
（2）confirmation n. 证实，确认
【佳句】 I do hope you are able to join us.Please reply to confirm your
attendance at your earliest convenience.（邀请信）
我确实希望你能加入我们。请在您方便的时候尽早回复确认您的
出席。
scare vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n.恐慌；惊吓
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（外研必修二）People have always been scared sharks， but
Jaws made things worse.
②The look suggested that there must be something
around her.（scare）
③It was a frightening story and children were scared death when
they heard it.
of
scared
scary
to
【写美】 完成句子
④The moment my father arrived home， I bowed my head timidly
and .
父亲一回到家，我胆怯地低着头，不敢看他的脸。
was scared to look/of looking at his face
【归纳】
（1）scare ...away/off 把……吓跑
scare sb into/out of doing sth 恐吓某人做/不做某事
（2）scared adj. 害怕的，恐惧的
be scared to death 吓得要死
害怕做某事
（3）scary adj. 恐怖的，吓人的
【佳句】 Although he was scared to death，Mac struggled to crawl up
and threw his bicycle at the scary wolf with all his strength.Fortunately，
the wolf was scared away/off.（人与动物）
虽然被吓得要死，麦克还是挣扎着爬起来用尽全力把他的自行车扔向
那只吓人的狼。幸运的是，狼被吓跑了。
inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知
【练通】 单句语法填空
①It’s necessary for us to keep the new staff （inform） of
the procedure of taking office.
②（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the
guide， this walk promises to be an （inform） tour.
informed
informative
【写美】 词汇升级
③Would you please inform me of your plan in advance so that I can make
arrangements accordingly？
→Would you please your plan in advance
so that I can make arrangements accordingly？
keep me informed of/about
【归纳】
（1）inform sb of/about sth 告知某人某事
inform sb that/where/how ... 通知某人……
keep sb informed of/about ... 使某人了解……
（2）information n. 信息
informative adj.提供有用信息的；增长见闻的
informed adj.有见识的，有依据的
【佳句】 （外研选必二）In this way， they will be better equipped in
their adult lives to make informed choices about how they use the money
they have.
这样，他们在步入成人社会时才会更加得心应手，并且能够对如何管
理金钱作出明智的选择。
curious adj.好奇的；奇特的
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（人教必修一）I’m curious everything.I often ask
questions， but I learn best by doing.
②Liz picked up the blue envelope and turned it over
（curious）.
about
curiously
【写美】 完成句子
③ ， the little boy peered into the office through the
window.
出于好奇，这个小男孩透过窗户向办公室里窥视。
Out of curiosity
【佳句】 Coated with brown curly hair，it looked everywhere， eyes
sparkling with curiosity and a little uneasiness.它披着棕色的卷发，到处
张望，眼睛里闪烁着好奇和些许不安。
【归纳】
（1）be curious about 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth 渴望做某事
（2）curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心
out of curiosity 出于好奇
（3）curiously adv. 好奇地
run out of用完，耗尽
【练通】 用run的相关短语填空
①In the future，care for the environment will become very important as
the Earth’s natural resources .
②We ran some old friends in the village yesterday.
③In the distance， two policemen are running a robber.
run out
across/into
after
【写美】 同义句转换
④I have run out of/used up my money， so I can’t afford to buy this
book.
→My money
， so I can’t afford to buy this book.
has run out/has been run out of/has been used up/has given
out
【归纳】
run out ……用完了
run across 偶然遇到
run into 撞上，偶遇
run after 追逐；追求
【佳句】 （人教必修一）Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to
hide， and fish jumped out of the water.
老鼠跑到田外，寻找藏身之所；鱼儿也跳出水面。
【点津】 run out/give out “用完，耗尽”，为不及物动词短语，没有
被动语态，其主语是物；run out of/use up“用完，耗尽”，为及物动
词短语，其主语是人。
be doing ...when ...正在做……这时……
Alice Brown， head teacher at Falmont Primary School， was
teaching when the floor began to shake.
弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗当时正在授课，这时突然地面开
始晃动。
【写美】 完成句子/一句多译
①The professor students rushed out
of the classroom.
教授刚结束了演讲，学生们就冲出了教室。
②我正要放弃，这时老师的鼓励给了我回答这个问题的勇气。
→I the teacher’s encouragement
gave me the courage to answer the question.
→I the teacher’s encouragement gave me
the courage to answer the question.
had just finished his speech when
was on the point of giving up when
was about to give up when
【归纳】
（1）be doing ...when ... 正在做……这时……
（2）be about to do ...when ...＝be on the point of doing ...when ...
正要做……这时……
（3）had just done ...when ... 刚做了……这时……
【佳句】 We were driving along a country lane when， suddenly， a car
drove past us.
我们正沿着一个乡村小道行驶，这时突然有一辆轿车超过了我们。
【点津】 when是并列连词，表示“这时”，相当于and then/and at that
time。
A violent hurricane suddenly struck the town
yesterday， causing many houses to fall down.Many big trees lay on the road as if cut off.The whole town had no power.The water supply was also cut in some villages.Many people had their possessions buried under the ruins， thus becoming homeless.To their relief， the government made quick reactions and took measures in time to help them out after it occurred.
微技能热身
1. ①处struck意为“ ”，可以用 替代。
2. ②处应填 ，与cut连用意为“切断；切掉”。
3. ③处是have sth done结构，表示“
”。
4. ④处take measures to do sth意为“ ”。
侵袭
hit
off
遭遇某种（不幸的）事
情
采取措施做某事
power n.电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量
【练通】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①He said mental abilities were still （power） at the age of
sixty and do not decrease before then.
②（人教选必一）Circumstances changed in 1933，when Hitler
（开始掌权） in Germany.
③Unfortunately， it’s （超出我的能力） to get
through the work in such a short time.
powerful
came
to power
beyond my power
【写美】 词汇升级
④I’ll try my best to perform well in the volunteer job.
→I’ll to perform well in the volunteer
job.
do everything in my power
【归纳】
（1）come to power 开始掌权（强调动作）
be in power 当权，执政（强调状态）
（2）within/in one’s power 某人能力/权力范围之内
beyond/out of one’s power 某人力所不能及
（3）have the power to do sth 有能力/权力做某事
do everything in one’s power to do sth 尽全力做某事
（4）powerful adj.强大的；有感染力的；有势力的
【佳句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）Nothing much.Just stay indoors.There is
a risk of falling trees and power lines.
没什么特别的。只是待在室内。有树木和电线倒塌的风险。
supply n.补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt.供应，供给，提
供
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）The innovative design requires little effort to
achieve a reliable weekly supply fresh greens.
②The natural resources， such as coal and oil， are short supply
in this country.
of
in
【写美】 完成句子
③In addition， the summer camp
to visit museums， which is a
good way to learn about our history.（活动介绍）
此外，夏令营还为会员提供参观博物馆的机会，这是了解我们历史的
好途径。
supplies a chance to
members/supplies members with a chance
【归纳】
（1）supply sth to sb＝supply sb with sth 向某人提供某物
（2）be in short supply 短缺
a large supply of/large supplies of 大量……的供应
【佳句】 Looking back on the process of studying with you， I will never
forget the help you supplied/offered to me.
回顾和你一起学习的过程，我永远不会忘记你提供给我的帮助。
【联想】 表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有：
①provide sb with sth＝provide sth for sb
②offer sb sth＝offer sth to sb
relief n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found
little （relieve）.
②Hearing his son had been admitted to Harvard University， the old man
smiled relief.
relief
with
【写美】 翻译句子
③让我们欣慰的是，大批救援人员赶来，我们的城市逐渐恢复了
生机。
To our relief， a large number of rescue workers came， and our city
gradually returned to life.
【归纳】
（1）with relief 欣慰地，释然地；松了口气
to one’s relief 让某人宽慰的是
It’s a relief to do sth 做某事是令人欣慰的
（2）relieve v. 解除；减轻；缓解（不快或痛苦）；给……换班
（3）relieved adj. 感到宽慰的
【佳句】 I rushed to the hospital and learned that he was safe and sound，
I let out a sigh of relief.
我匆忙赶到医院，得知他安全无恙，我松了一口气。
reaction n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（外研选必三）While Tao Yuanming’s return to nature was
a （react） to a lifestyle he was opposed to， Thoreau’s
was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.
②（2025·扬州模拟）Besides， in tennis you must learn to
be （react）， because you don’t know how long the
match lasts.
reaction
reactive
【写美】 完成句子
③ is an important component of being a
teacher.
对肢体语言作出反应是教师职责的重要组成部分。
Reacting to body language
【归纳】
（1）reaction to ... 对……的反应
（2）react vi. 起化学反应；作出反应；回应
react to 对……作出反应
react with 与……起（化学）反应
react against 反对；反抗
（3）reactive adj. 反应的；电抗的；活性的
【佳句】 （北师大选必三）To get ahead in the world and lead a happy
successful life requires getting on well with other people and being able to
understand and react to situations in the best way possible.要在这个世界
上出人头地，过上快乐又成功的生活，必须与他人融洽相处，并能够
以最好的方式理解和应对各种状况。
occur vi.发生，出现；存在于
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（外研选必二）I was watching a superhero film the other day and a
thought occurred me： where does Superman get changed these
days？
②（2022·北京卷）Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been
important in revealing the relationships between calories， sugar， fat and
the （occur） of common diseases.
to
occurrence
【写美】 翻译句子
③（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）我从没想过这次户外美术课会取得如此大的
成功。
It never occurred to/hit/struck me that this outdoor art class would make
such a great success.
【归纳】
（1）occur to 被想到，浮现在脑中
sth occurs to sb 某人突然想起某事
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that ... 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb to do sth 某人突然想起做某事
（2）occurrence n. 发生；出现；事件
【佳句】 That night a terrible storm occurred， with the wind blowing
and beating the house.
那天晚上下了一场可怕的暴风雨，狂风吹着，拍打着房子。
【点津】 （1）occur没有被动语态，不用于进行时；occur作谓语时，
主语不能是人。
（2）表示“发生”的常见动词（短语）还有happen、take place等。
状语从句的省略
Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday ...它的墙壁就像昨天刚被
粉刷过一样新……
【写美】 完成句子/句式升级
①It was as if between them.
就好像他们之间什么都没有改变。
nothing had changed
②（2023·1月浙江卷）It seemed that the bird was waiting for me， its
beady eyes locked on mine
.
那只鸟似乎在等我，它亮晶晶的眼睛紧盯着我，仿佛在试图传达某种
深沉的、无法言说的感激之情。
as if trying to convey some deep， unspoken
gratitude
③If you are asked to look after luggage for someone else， please inform
the police at once.
→ ，please inform the
police at once.（省略句）
If asked to look after luggage for someone else
【归纳】
本句中的as if painted yesterday为as if引导的方式状语从句的省略形
式，还原后为as if they were painted yesterday，此外，as if还可引导表
语从句。as if引导的从句的语气和时态如下：
as if
【佳句】 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）I simply stood there dumbfounded， and
my feet， as if rooted to the ground， couldn’t move a bit.
我只是呆呆地站在那里，惊愕不已，我的双脚仿佛在地上生了根似
的，一动也不能动。
Part Ⅱ 二维微点练全
维度一 阅读词汇清障——一词多义/熟词生义
1. sharp
A. adj.急剧的；明显的 B. adj.灵敏的 C. adj.锋利的
D. adv.（……点）整 E. adj.急转的，突然的
（1）It was not until the moment she got closer that I saw the raspberries
held in her sharp mouth.
（2）Challenging work might help your brain stay sharp as you
age.
（3）（北师大必修三）According to him， the sharpest loss of
memory occurs during the very early period after learning.
C
B
A
（4）However，life took a sharp turn.In his late twenties， he started to
lose his hearing.
（5）She planned to unlock the shop at 8：00 sharp the next
morning.
E
D
2. flood
A. n.洪水，水灾 B. n.大批，大量 C. vt.淹没 D. vi.大量涌入
E. vi.涌上心头
（1）Then I’ll be able to survive even when the tall buildings are
flooded.
（2）I felt happiness and relief flooded over me after my son came home
from the front.
C
E
（3）（人教必修二）In the 1950s，the Egyptian government wanted to
build a new dam across the Nile in order to control floods， produce
electricity， and supply water to more farmers in the area.
（4）They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese
zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas， which are on loan
from China.
（5）After the war broke out， refugees continue to flood into
neighbouring countries.
A
B
D
3. bar
A. n.吧台 B. n.栏杆 C. n.（长方形）条，块
（1）All the ground floor windows were fitted with bars.
（2）There is a long wooden bar in the pub where people sit and enjoy
drinks.
（3）The only way to pay for the groceries was to take off the things she
could do without： a bottle of rubbing alcohol （医用酒精） and a bar of
soap.
B
A
C
4. 词义猜测
（1）As is known， an elephant is characterized by a long trunk.
（2）They have invented a new car， which is powered by solar
batteries.
（3）It is curious that she left without saying goodbye.
（4）The government demanded that the relief should be sent to the flood
victims as soon as possible.
n.象鼻
vt.提供动力
adj.奇怪
的；不寻常的
n.救济物资
维度二 写作词汇夯实——词形转换/动词形式变化/固定搭配
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. （2024·北京卷）Based on the （inform） entered
by each student， potential pairs are identified.
2. （2025·淮安名校联考）Wildlife transporters help get rescued sick，
injured and orphaned wildlife from a （rescue），carer or vet
clinic to a wildlife hospital or a wildlife carer.
3. （2022·全国甲卷）However， after I went to high school，
somehow I became （distance） from him.
information
rescuer
distant
4. （人教选必二）Two of the essential qualities a scientist needs to have
seem to be （curious） and creativity.
5. For example， you could conduct a scientific experiment or observe
how a chemical （react） works.
6. Aron was rushed to hospital immediately， where he received treatment
for his （injure） and expected to make a full recovery.
7. （2025·南京、盐城一模）Because that was indeed a
（relieve） of stress then.I can’t tell you how grateful we both were for
what he said to us that day.
curiosity
reaction
injuries
relief
8. The way in which the animals were treated was
（shock）， and it sparked outrage among animal rights activists.
9. Memories with the hummingbird （occur） to me when I
walked to the blackberry-lined path.
10. （2025·宿迁联考）With an ample supply rags， I threw
myself into the task， tirelessly mopping， scrubbing， and wiping.
11. Some children （slide） down the slide on the
playground happily when they heard someone crying for help.
shocking
occurred
of
were sliding
12. （外研选必一）In this way， practising day in and day out helped
Stephen （sharp） his skills.
13. This girl gave a vivid account of the destructive flood in that county as
if she （experience） it herself.
14. This has led companies and individuals to donate money
developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities.
sharpen
had experienced
to
Ⅱ.补全句子
1. （令她欣慰的是）， her son passed the finishing
line at last.
2. Luckily， we saw a ship （在远处） coming
toward us.
3. The children returned home （安然无恙的） after
the long trip.
4. To my surprise， the cloud （呈现……的形状）
a rabbit in the west.
To her relief
in the distance
safe and sound
took the form of
5. People came from （各处） to see the famous
singer’s concert.
6. The sponsor （偶然遇到） one of his old friends when
he was walking in the street the other day.
far and wide
ran across
Part Ⅲ 三维写作提能
第一步 练单句——词句优美，吸引眼球
1. 如果地震来袭，我们能做什么来生存？ （survive）
If an earthquake strikes， what can we do to survive？
博文——如何在地震中求生
2. 一定要保持冷静。当地震来袭时，你不要吓得往楼下跑，而应躲在
书桌或桌子下以防止受伤。（injury； keep one’s head）
3. 尽量节省精力。困在废墟时，不要一直呼救。（trap；ruin）
4. 等待营救时努力自救。（rescue；状语从句的省略）
5. 敲东西发出求救信号也有用。（signal；it作形式主语）
Be sure to keep your head.When an earthquake strikes， you should not
run downstairs in fear， but should hide under your desk or table to
prevent injury.
Try to save energy.Trapped in ruins， don’t cry for help all the time.
Make efforts to save yourself when waiting for rescue.
It is helpful to tap things to send signals for help.
第二步 组语篇——文从字顺，赏心悦目
If an earthquake strikes， what can we do to survive？First， be
sure to keep your head.When an earthquake strikes， you should not run
downstairs in fear， but should hide under your desk or table to prevent
injury.Second， try to save energy.Trapped in ruins， don’t cry for help
all the time.Besides， make efforts to save yourself when waiting for
rescue.Finally， it is helpful to tap things to send signals for help.
厚积薄发，下笔有神
亮
词 情感描写：odd；relief；shock；scare；curious
动作描写：crash；confirm； inform； occur to；keep one’s head
美
句 ①Her students’ reaction was quick and correct — they moved under
their desks， head first， and held on to the legs of the desks.（动作
描写）
②There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling to the
ground，but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly.
（环境描写）
③Within one minute and twenty seconds，the whole class went down
the stairs and rushed to the playground.（动作描写）
④People were walking， running or simply sitting on the sandy
beach， enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their
hair.（动作描写）
情感描写之“后悔、内疚、自责”
词汇
单
词 ①guilt n.内疚；罪行；罪责→guilty adj.有罪的；内疚的；感到惭愧的→guiltily adv.内疚地；有罪地
②regret n.& vt.后悔；遗憾；惋惜→regretful adj.遗憾的；后悔的；失望的→regretfully adv.遗憾地；后悔地；失望地
③self-condemned adj.自我谴责的；自责的
词汇
词
块 ①feeling of guilt 内疚感
②a guilty look on one’s face脸上露出惭愧的表情
③a regretful smile 歉意的微笑
④regretful tears 悔恨的泪水
⑤be full of guilt/regret满心愧疚/充满遗憾
⑥much to one’s regret/to one’s great regret
令某人深感遗憾的是
⑦with deep/great regret 很遗憾地
美句
①Tears blurred my vision when I went to buy food at the food court.What my neighbour said exactly spoke my mind.With regret， I felt obliged to do the same.
当我去美食广场买食物时，泪水模糊了我的视线。我的邻居所说的话正合我意。带着遗憾，我觉得自己也不得不这么做。
②I deeply regret not having spent more time with my family before they moved away.
我非常后悔在家人搬走前没有多花时间陪陪他们。（动词-ing形式）
美句
③Every time I think about how I hurt her feelings， I am filled with regret.
每当我想到如何伤害了她的感情，我就充满了后悔。（时间状语从句）
④I can’t shake off the feeling of guilt and self-blame for not being
there for my friend when she needed me most.
我无法摆脱因在朋友最需要我时没能在她身边而产生的内疚和自责感。（动词-ing形式）
情境导语 社会学老师告诉我，不是我的女儿莉莉先动手打了她的同
学，我后悔打了她……
第一步 完成句子
1. 一放下电话，我就飞奔到她的房间。
， I rushed to her room.（on doing ...）
2. 看着莉莉泪流满面，我脸上写满愧疚。
Looking at Lily’s face wet with tears， I
.（神态描写＋情感描写）
On putting down the phone
had guilt written all over my
face
3. 我还没来得及解释，她就冲出去了。
Before I could explain， .（动作描写）
4. 我愣住了，沉浸在对她的内疚感中。要是我没误解她多好啊！
I froze， .If only I had not
mistaken her！（非谓语动词作状语）
5. 我眼里涌出懊悔的泪水，冲下楼向她道歉。
， I dashed downstairs to
apologize to her.（with复合结构）
she rushed out
drowning in feelings of guilt about her
With regretful tears welling up in my eyes
第二步 连句成文
On putting down the phone， I rushed to her room.Looking at
Lily’s face wet with tears， I had guilt written all over my face.Before I
could explain， she rushed out.I froze， drowning in feelings of guilt
about her.If only I had not mistaken her！ With regretful tears welling up
in my eyes， I dashed downstairs to apologize to her.
4
素养·培育落实
真题剖析，深度探究
（2024·1月浙江卷）On September 7， 1991， the
costliest hailstorm （雹暴） in Canadian history hit
Calgary’s southern suburbs.As a result， since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture （水分） is being stolen
from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand， who farms in that area， has been addressing
public meetings on this issue for years.“Basically， the provincial
government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-
Edmonton urban area from hail，” Mr.Stienwand says， “but they’re
increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss， a cloud
physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc.of Fargo， North
Dakota.“We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in
the air， so we cannot be causing drought，” Dr.Krauss says.“In
fact， we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating
wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell， a
research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma.“In
1999， I personally saw significant tornadoes （龙卷风） form from a
seeded storm cell in Kansas，” Dr.Doswell says.“Does cloud seeding
create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind？ No one really
knows， of course， but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt， Mr.Stienwand suggests， “it would be
wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice， doubt has had the opposite
effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts， no
one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding
companies.Hence， private climate engineering can proceed in relative
legal safety.
28. What does the project aim to do？（ ）
A. Conserve moisture in the soil.
B. Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C. Forecast disastrous hailstorms.
D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，飞机通过向有威胁
性的风暴云播撒一种化学物质，使得小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前先
变成雨落下，即这一计划旨在防止冰雹的形成。
√
29. Who are opposed to the project？（ ）
A. Farmers in east-central Alberta.
B. Managers of insurance companies.
C. Provincial government officials.
D. Residents of Calgary and Edmonton.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，Alberta中东部的
农民担心播云会带走他们干旱土地中的宝贵水分，即艾伯塔省中东部
的农民是反对这一计划的。
√
30. Why does Dr.Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999？
（ ）
A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D. To show the link between storms and moisture.
√
解析： 目的意图题。根据第四段第一句中的One doubter about the
safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell可知，Doswell博士对播云的安
全性持怀疑态度。接着他提到1999年目睹的由一个已经被播撒了化学
物质的风暴单体形成的巨大龙卷风。随后他又提出疑问：怀疑播云会
产生致命的风暴或减少下风处的水分。由此推断，Doswell博士提到
1999年的龙卷风是为了表明播云可能存在的风险。
31. What can we infer from the last paragraph？（ ）
A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
解析： 推理判断题。根据文章末句可知，私营的气候工程公司可
以在相对合法的安全环境中继续进行下去，也就是这些公司会继续存
在下去。
√
（一）由文本积阅读词汇
1. suburb n. 郊区；城外
2. suppression n. 镇压，压制
3. address n. 演讲；住址；称呼；通信处
vt. 演讲；致函；设法解决
4. urban adj. 城市的；城镇的；都市的
5. drought n. 干旱；旱灾；久旱
6. manage vt. 管理；经营；设法做到
7. affect vt. 影响；使感染；侵袭
8. significant adj. 重要的，有重大意义的；显著的
9. lawsuit n. 诉讼，诉讼案（课标外词汇）
（二）由文本积主题词块
1. small ice crystals 小冰晶
2. thirsty land 干旱的土地
3. cloud seeding 人工降雨
4. a cloud physicist 一个云物理学家
5. a very small percentage of 一个很小的比例
6. create killer storms 引发致命的风暴
7. private climate engineering 私人气候工程
（三）由文本知变式运用
1. 学习构词（派生词/合成词）
（1）dangerous adj.危险的；不安全的 [danger （n.）＋后缀-ous ]
（2）downwind adv.& adj.在下风处；顺风方向 [down （adv.）＋
wind （n.）]
（3）provincial adj.省的；一级行政区的 [province （n.）＋后缀-ial]
（4）percentage n.百分比；百分率；提成 [percent （n.）＋后缀-age]
（5）safety n.安全 [safe （adj.）＋后缀-ty]
2. 近义替换（用文中词汇替换）
（1）problem＝ （第二段）
（2）ran＝ （第三段）
（3）considering＝ （第五段）
3. 熟词生义（文中生义）
（1）threatening [熟义] adj.具有威胁的；恐吓的
→[生义] adj. （第一段第三句）
（2）farm [熟义] n.农场；养殖场；农舍；饲养场
→[生义] v. （第二段第一句）
issue
managed
given
乌云密布的，阴沉沉的
务农；种田；从事畜牧业
（四）由文本学靓丽表达
1. As a result， since 1996 a group of insurance companies
（每年花费约200万美元） on the Alberta
Hail Suppression Project.
2. Norman Stienwand， who （在该地区务
农）， has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.（非
限制性定语从句）
have spent
about $2 million per year
farms in that area
（五）由文本探析长难句
Given the degree of doubt， Mr.Stienwand suggests， “it would be
wise to stop cloud seeding.”
分析：句中Given引导一个原因状语，句子谓语是 。句子
通过it would be wise to ...的 语气，表达了一种理智和谨慎
的态度，使得建议更加有说服力。整个句子结构紧凑，逻辑清晰。
译文：
suggests
虚拟
鉴于这种程度的疑虑，Stienwand先生建议：“停止人工降雨
将是明智之举。”
5
技能·锤炼提升
统筹组合，全面训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
（2025·衡阳联考）Artificial intelligence （AI） has the potential
to develop more efficient methods of farming in order to fight global
warming.
Global warming threatens every aspect of our everyday lives，
including crop production.It will reduce the soil moisture （水分） in
areas close to the equator according to a study.We are already seeing the
negative impact of these changed growing conditions on our crop
production.Climate change harms poorer countries that do not have the
money to import food.The result is growing food insecurity.However，
agriculture is not just affected by global warming — agriculture is part of a
vicious （恶性的） cycle in which farming leads to global warming，
which in turn destroys agricultural production.The process of clearing land for agriculture results in widespread deforestation （毁林） and contributes to 40 per cent of global methane production.Therefore， to deal with climate change， it is necessary to ensure reforestation — but how？ What is the path to efficient， environmentally conscious farming？
This is where AI enters the scene.Farmers use AI for methods such as
precision agriculture； they can monitor crop moisture， soil
composition， and temperature in growing areas， enabling farmers to
increase production by learning how to take care of their crops and
determine the ideal amount of water to use.Furthermore， this technology
may help reduce deforestation by allowing humans to grow food in urban
areas.It could be especially beneficial for countries in Latin America and
the Caribbean， where much of the population lives in cities.
However， AI is far from a silver bullet — it could actually
contribute to global warming as well.Due to the large amount of data that
AI needs to process， training a single AI releases five times the emissions
that an average car would give off during its lifetime.Further， securing
access to AI on a global scale may pose some challenges.Countries will
need experts in the field who can successfully use the technology and
Internet connection， neither of which are always readily
available.Therefore， there is still a long way for developing countries to
take advantage of the benefits of AI.
Given these concerns， global leaders must consider the potential
costs， and the environmental consequences of data processing before
developing AI for use in agriculture.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍人工智能技术有潜力
应对全球变暖对农业造成的负面影响，但各国在开发这项技术前需
考虑数据处理成本和环境后果。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍人工智能技术有潜力
应对全球变暖对农业造成的负面影响，但各国在开发这项技术前需
考虑数据处理成本和环境后果。
1. What can we learn about today’s agriculture from Paragraph 2？
（ ）
A. It is the main challenge of reforestation.
B. Poorer countries rely on it more than before.
C. It is still dependent on deforestation for more land.
D. It is both a victim and a cause of global warming.
√
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，农业受到全球变暖的影
响，导致部分地区农产品产量降低，同时农耕造成的森林砍伐和甲烷
排放等后果加剧了全球变暖。由此可知，农业既是全球变暖的受害
者，也是全球变暖的原因。
2. Which of the following is consistent with precision agriculture？
（ ）
A. Building farming communities in cities.
B. Abandoning traditional farming methods.
C. Making the most of agricultural resources.
D. Balancing farming with farmers’ everyday lives.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的Farmers use AI for methods ...and
determine the ideal amount of water to use.可知，精准农业不会造成农业用水等资源的浪费，也就是说，精准农业意味着充分利用农业资源。
3. Why is it difficult to adopt AI technology in agriculture on a global
scale？（ ）
A. There are technical barriers in developing countries.
B. The relevant technology is still under development.
C. The process of developing AI is difficult.
D. There is no one-size-fits-all AI technology.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，发展中国家在技术上
的障碍导致全球范围内在农业领域应用人工智能技术难以实现。
√
4. What can be a suitable title for the text？（ ）
A. The Benefits of Agricultural AI
B. The Future of Farming： AI and Agriculture
C. A Block to Environmentally Conscious Agriculture
D. Global Warming and Agriculture： a Vicious Cycle
解析： 标题归纳题。第一段为文章主旨段，点明了人工智能有潜
力开发更高效的农业方法，以应对全球变暖。再根据下文可知，文章
主要说明了人工智能技术和农业的关系，包括人工智能的优缺点；B
项能够概括文章主旨，是最佳标题。
√
Ⅱ.完形填空
The Ladakh region， the northernmost plateau of India， sits more
than 3，000m above sea level.The tall Himalayan mountains stop
the 5 rains from coming there.So Ladakh has usually been 6 in
the sun for 300 days per year.Floods were 7 unheard of
before.However， floods have 8 four times since 2010 owing to
climate change.
A decade and a half ago， the Ladakhi land provided villagers with
a 9 water supply.Winter snow melted to 10 rivers and provided
water for agriculture in the spring.But climate change has seen average
winter 11 in Ladakhi rise.The snow melts faster， 12 villagers
with little or no water in the spring.More and more 13 are leaving.
Despite that， there is 14 for this region.In 2019， engineer
Sonam Wangchuk 15 unmelted ice under a bridge， sheltered from
the sun. 16 ， he had an idea.Wangchuk wanted to help
villagers 17 water in winter which could be saved for use in the
spring.Freezing it in the shape of a cone （圆锥体） could maximize the
volume of ice per surface area exposed to the sun and 18 the amount
of time it would take to melt.
The engineer and a team of local people began looking for the best
way of creating cones of ice.Eventually， they did it.Now named ice
towers， they have gained 19 all across Ladakh.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了气候变化影响了拉达
克地区的水供给以及解决的措施。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了气候变化影响了拉达
克地区的水供给以及解决的措施。
5. A. heavy B. cold C. daily D. annual
√
解析： 根据The tall Himalayan mountains和下文per year可知，高耸
的喜马拉雅山脉阻挡了每年的雨水。
6. A. lost B. bathed C. trapped D. hidden
解析： 根据in the sun可知，拉达克通常每年有300天沐浴在阳
光下。
7. A. virtually B. eventually
C. frequently D. accidentally
√
√
解析： 根据第一段第二句可知，洪水事实上以前都没听说过。
8. A. decreased B. risen
C. occurred D. escaped
解析： 根据since 2010 owing to climate change可知，洪水已经发生
了四次。
9. A. limited B. stable
C. unique D. changeable
√
√
解析： 根据下文Winter snow melted to 10 rivers and provided
water for agriculture in the spring.可知，15年前，拉达克的土地为村民
提供了稳定的供水。
10. A. slow down B. clean up
C. divide D. feed
解析： 根据语境可知，雪融化后供给河流。
11. A. temperatures B. snowfalls
C. fogs D. rivers
解析： 根据下文The snow melts faster可知，温度上升。
√
√
12. A. surrounding B. helping
C. leaving D. equipping
解析： 根据语境可知，温度上升，雪融化得更快，使得村民们在
春天几乎没有水。
13. A. hikers B. farmers
C. engineers D. businessmen
解析： 根据上文villagers可知，农民离开了。
14. A. doubt B. fear C. peace D. hope
解析： 根据Despite可知，这个地区还是有希望的。
√
√
√
15. A. remembered B. searched
C. noticed D. measured
解析： 根据下文unmelted ice under a bridge， sheltered from the sun
可知，这是注意到的事情。
16. A. Then B. Besides
C. However D. Instead
解析： 先是注意到，然后是有了一个好主意。
√
√
17. A. carry B. produce
C. freeze D. purify
解析： 根据下文Freezing it in the shape of a cone可知，冬天能冻得
住冰。
18. A. lengthen B. save
C. display D. reduce
解析： 根据maximize the volume of ice per surface area exposed to
the sun可知，延长融化所需的时间。
√
√
19. A. fame B. strength
C. victory D. popularity
解析： 根据上文Eventually， they did it.可知，冰塔解决了水供给
问题，所以冰塔是很受欢迎的。
√
演示完毕 感谢观看 !
