UNIT 4 Exploring literature
Ⅰ.阅读理解
（2025·宿迁二模）I’m a layperson with a love of science who occasionally reads science magazines.My approach was from an author’s angle， spending months on research before writing a single word for Pig Heart Boy.
So where did I get the idea？ Whenever I attend a school event， that question is asked.The answer is simple.Back in the mid-1990s， I read a newspaper article written by a doctor who guessed that we would eventually have to turn to xenotransplantation （异种器官移植） as a possible solution to the lack of human organ donors.It left my mind filled with questions.What are the consequences？ Do we really have the right to treat animals as mere organ sources for humans？ So I headed to my nearest bookshop and bought all the books I could on heart transplants in particular.
I’ve found questions are one of the best places to start from when writing a novel.In my story Cameron， who needs a heart transplant， knows he is unlikely to see his next birthday unless he receives one， but he is a long way down the waiting list.When a genetically modified （GM） pig’s heart is offered by a pioneering doctor， Cameron decides to go for it —and his new heart completely changes his life in unexpected ways.
Now some people think that the subject matter is not suitable for children， criticizing the cruel and inhuman ways of xenotransplantation.I completely disagree.As a children’s author， it never ceases to amaze me how some adults underestimate what subject matter will interest and stimulate children.I wanted to write a story that provided no right or wrong answers， a story that would allow the reader to walk in Cameron’s shoes for a while and think about what decisions they would make and how they would react if they were faced with his situation.
Fictional stories that explore new ideas when it comes to STEM （science， technology， engineering and mathematics） subjects also have a part to play in enriching our children’s reading and learning.Various studies have shown that reading fiction enhances our children’s ability to grasp new concepts.Pig Heart Boy was my attempt to incorporate science possible into a believable， thought-provoking （令人深思的） story.
1.Where did the author get inspiration from to write Pig Heart Boy？（ ）
A.A school event. B.A news item.
C.Science magazines. D.Books on heart transplants.
2.What might be a major concern of those who disagree with Pig Heart Boy？（ ）
A.Animal rights. B.GM technology.
C.Organ transplant risks. D.Organ shortage crisis.
3.What are the last two paragraphs of the text mainly about？（ ）
A.Ways of tapping children’s intelligence.
B.Potential application of fictional stories.
C.Supporting evidence for justifying the book.
D.Influence of fictional stories on STEM subjects.
4.What is Pig Heart Boy？（ ）
A.An author profile. B.A science fiction novel.
C.A guidebook to xenotransplantation. D.An essay on writing children’s literature.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Pocket calendars are information planners that fit neatly into breast pocket found on the inside of a suit jacket.5.（ ） The smaller size makes it possible to easily carry the calendar in a jacket pocket，a purse，or a computer bag or a briefcase without taking up much room.
The typical pocket calendar includes pages that are very similar to a wall calendar.6.（ ） It also includes enough space to allow the user to write in notes on each date.Some calendars of this type will cover a total of fourteen months，making it possible to begin selling and using the calendar at the end of one year and for the entire following calendar year.
Many pocket calendars also serve as a day planner，and include other pages to record information such as phone numbers，and email addresses.These handy pocket planners and calendars keep a great deal of information in a small binding （装订）.7.（ ）
However，the arrival of digital technology has cut into the market for pocket calendars somewhat.All the same functions can be handled with calendar and planner software that are included in handheld devices such as cellular phones，and in software included on laptop computers.8.（ ） So this makes them more attractive to people with busy lives.
9.（ ） Card and stationary shops still routinely carry several different brands and models of the pocket calendar.The diversity in materials used to create various brands of the pocket calendar makes it possible to purchase inexpensive types that are functional， or more elaborate and costly versions.
A.A full month will be laid out on one or two pages.
B.This allows us to make room for what’s important.
C.There are countless applications for a Web calendar.
D.In appearance， a pocket calendar resembles a basic checkbook.
E.The pocket calendar still has no danger of disappearing any time soon.
F.This makes it easy to pull them out and enter new information when needed.
G.These modern electronic options can hold more information than a pocket calendar.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是高中生李华，你校正在举行青少年模拟政协 （Model CPPCC） 提案征集活动，其中一项提案是将中国传统节日重阳节 （The Double Ninth Festival） 设为国家法定假日 （national holiday），请就该提案写一封信给模拟政协主席，内容包括：（1）你是否支持此提案；（2）你支持或反对此提案的理由。
注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右；（2）请按如下格式作答。
Dear Chairman，
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
UNIT 4 Exploring literature
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作者从异种器官移植报道中获得灵感创作小说《猪心男孩》的故事。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，作者写Pig Heart Boy的灵感来自新闻。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，有些人认为这个器官移植的题材不适合儿童，是因为他们批评这种器官移植的残忍和不人道的方式。由此可以推断出，这些人认为这些器官移植损害了其他动物的权利。
3.C 段落大意题。根据最后两段内容可知，最后两段主要是讲了支持这本书的证据。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可推知，这本书主要讲述了需要心脏移植的主人公使用了猪的心脏，并且改变了他的命运。故Pig Heart Boy是一部科幻小说。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了袖珍日历的特点及未来。
5.D 空前一句描述了什么是袖珍日历，空后讲了袖珍日历有许多便捷之处，故空处应承接上文，继续讲它的特征。D项（从外观上看，袖珍日历类似于常见的支票簿）符合语境。
6.A 根据空后一句可知，日历还包括可以在每个日期下写笔记的空间，和A项（一个完整的月份将被安排在一两页纸上）构成内容上的承接。
7.F 根据空前一句可知，这种便利的记事簿和日历在小小的装订中保持了大量的信息。F项（这使得在需要时可以很容易地将它们取出并输入新信息）符合语境，与空前一句构成因果关系。
8.G 根据上文可知，本段在讲电子设备的优势。故G项（这些现代电子选项可以容纳比袖珍日历更多的信息）符合语境。
9.E 根据下文可知，袖珍日历还依然存在。故E项（袖珍日历仍然没有很快消失的危险）与下文构成内容上的承接关系，解释袖珍日历仍在使用的现状。
Ⅲ.
Dear Chairman，
I am writing to express my support for designating the Double Ninth Festival as a national holiday in the Model CPPCC.
As a high school student， I believe this proposal carries substantial cultural and social significance.The Double Ninth Festival symbolizes respect for the elderly.By making it a national holiday， we can preserve our cultural heritage.Moreover， recognizing the Double Ninth Festival as a national holiday reinforces family values and devotion towards parents.It provides an occasion for families to reunite， fostering stronger bonds and social harmony.
In conclusion， I endorse this proposal.Thank you for considering my viewpoint.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
2 / 2Part Ⅰ 一维重点突破
Nowadays shopping online appeals to more and more people.Young people like to shop online in particular.Firstly， online shops contain a variety of goods which are of great significance and cheap.Secondly， many people are ashamed of bargaining with the shop assistants face to face.Lastly， before buying， people usually have enough time to reflect.Shopping online can also balance their time， feelings and work. In a word， we have now reached a point where what we need can be bought even without leaving home. 微技能热身 1.①处which引导 从句，修饰说明goods。 2.②处are ashamed of意为“ ”。 3.③处In a word意为“ ”，同义短语还有 等。
appeal vi.有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n.吸引力；申诉；呼吁
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）When I got back home， suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as （appeal）.
②（人教选必一）Whichever and whatever you like， there is an incredible theme park that will appeal you！
【写美】 一句多译
③海洋对我们人类来说非常重要，所以我呼吁每个人来保护它们。 （短文投稿）
→Oceans are of quite significance to us humans，so I .（appeal vi.）
→Oceans are of quite significance to us humans，so I .（appeal n.）
【归纳】
（1）appeal to sb 对某人有吸引力
appeal to sb for sth 呼吁/恳求某人某事
appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁某人做某事
（2）make an appeal to sb for sth 为某事向某人呼吁或请求
make an appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁/恳求某人做某事
（3）appealing adj. 吸引人的
【佳句】 Last Sunday saw an exciting cross-country running race， which appealed to both students and teachers of our school. （活动报道）
上周日举行了一场激动人心的越野赛跑，吸引了我们学校的学生和老师。
particular adj.特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（2023·1月浙江卷）In the summer particular， the air conditioning can make them quite cold.
②（外研选必一）He was （particular） interested in the old story about a fish jumping through the “Dragon Gate”.
③He was particular （do） me a favour today， for which I was very grateful.
【写美】 完成句子
④She ， otherwise she would not be so thin.
她对吃的东西很讲究，否则她不会这么瘦。
【归纳】
（1）in particular 尤其，特别
be particular about/over ... 对……讲究/挑剔
be particular to do sth 特地做某事
（2）particularly adv. 尤其，特别；格外地，特别地，特定地
【佳句】 As a Chinese who is in particular interested in travelling， I would like to introduce my favourite city — Beijing. （推荐信）
作为一个对旅游特别感兴趣的中国人，我想介绍我最喜欢的城市——北京。
significant adj.有重要意义的，显著的
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（北师大选必四）I’ve been reading a lot about the most （significance） scientists and discoveries in history.
【写美】 一句多译
②治疗癌症药物的研究取得了巨大进步，这对他来说是非常重要的。
→The research of drugs to cure cancer has made great progress， .（significant adj.；定语从句）
→ the research of drugs to cure cancer has made great progress.（significance n.； it作形式主语）
【归纳】
（1）it is significant that ... ……很明显/很重要
（2）significance n. 重要性；意义
be of （great/no/little） significance to ... 对……（很/不）重要
attach （great） significance to ... 认为……（很）重要
（3）significantly adv. 有重大意义地，显著地；意味深长地
【佳句】 Visitors can glimpse diverse animals and appreciate the beauty and significance of life.
游客可以瞥见各种各样的动物，欣赏生命的美丽和意义。
reflect vt.& vi.反映，显示；映出（影像）；反射（声、光、热等）；沉思
【练通】 用右栏短语填空
①The possible changes of the market need to be before we act.
② ， I don’t think I really need a car after all.
【写美】 句式升级
③David lowered his head，sat on the ground quietly and reflected on what I said to him just now.
→David lowered his head and sat on the ground quietly， .（非谓语动词作状语）
【归纳】
（1）reflect on/upon 仔细考虑/沉思/反省……
be reflected in被映照在……中；被反映在……
（2）reflection n. 反映，表现；倒影，影像；思考，反省
on reflection 经过考虑后（改变看法）
【佳句】 It reflects politeness and good manners， which Chinese attach much importance to，and by following it， a harmonious society is bound to be accomplished.
它反映了中国人非常重视的礼貌和礼节，并且通过遵循它，一个和谐的社会必然会被实现。
抽象地点名词后跟where引导的定语从句
In a word， we have now reached a point where we wish to enjoy and understand literature.
总之，我们现在已经到了想要欣赏和理解文学的阶段。
【写美】 完成句子
①（外研必修一）These two pieces of information — the time of day and the point — allow the butterfly to determine the way to go.
这两条信息——一天中的时刻和太阳在天空中的位置——让黑脉金斑蝶能够判定前进方向。
②（人教必修三）Within six months， she was named a chief resident physician， .
不到六个月，她就被任命为住院主任医师，而这一职位通常需要四年时间完成。
【归纳】
当先行词为抽象地点名词case、situation、position、atmosphere、stage、activity、occasion、point等且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where或in which来引导定语从句。
【佳句】 It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
把孩子放在一个他们能从另外一个角度认识自己的环境中是有益的。
【点津】 在抽象地点名词后的定语从句中，如果关系词作主语或宾语，则需用that或which引导。
Determing to form his own writing style， he has been attempting to create some countryside characters.Never had he imagined himself to be a writing celebrity. However， he has found it hard to calm down since he won the Nobel Prize in Literature.He often feels confused and his normal life is disturbed. The more famous he becomes， the less time he has to write.One day， he was walking on the street when he was recognized.A crowd flocked to him to let him sign for them.So he really desires to live a simple life and devote himself to writing as before. 微技能热身 1.①处句子是现在完成进行时，基本结构为“ ”，意为“……一直做……”。 2.句②中it是形式宾语，主句句型结构为“ ”，since引导 状语从句，calm down意为“ ”。 3.句③为“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”结构，意为“ ”，主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。
determine vt.确定；支配；决心 vi.决心
【练通】 单句语法填空
①Johnson had made up his mind to give it up， but on second thoughts he determined （try） a third time. （心理描写）
②We’ve shown that， with a lot of focus and （determine）， we can keep up even with a competitor that is bigger.
【写美】 句式升级
③Once she is determined to do something， she will never change her mind.
→ ， she will never change her mind.（非谓语动词作状语）
【归纳】
（1）determine to do sth 决定做某事
determine on/upon （doing） sth 决定（做）某事
determine＋that/wh-从句 ... 决定……
（2）determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的
be determined to do sth 决心做某事
（3）determination n. 决心
【佳句】 She gave me a determined look — the kind that said she would not change her mind.
她给了我一个坚决的表情——那种表明她不会改变主意的表情。
attempt vt.& n.努力，尝试，试图
【练通】 单句语法填空
①Jim had prepared carefully for his driving test so that he could be sure of passing it the first attempt.
②The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt （improve） the situation.
【写美】 同义句转换
③I’ve attempted to convince her， but in vain.
→I’ve convince her， but in vain.（attempt n.）
【归纳】
（1）make an attempt to do/at doing sth 试图做某事
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
（2）attempt to do sth＝try/seek to do sth 努力做某事；企图做某事
（3）attempted adj. 未遂的
【佳句】 But even after my best attempts， some of the plants couldn’t survive.
但即使我尽了最大的努力，有些植物还是无法存活。
confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的
【练通】 单句语法填空
①If someone looks at you with a （confuse） expression，this could indicate that they have not completely understood your point.
【写美】 句式升级
②He was confused about the present situation so he was at a loss what to do next.
→ ， he was at a loss what to do next.（形容词短语作状语）
【归纳】
（1）confuse vt. 使迷惑；混淆
confuse ...with/and ... 把……和……混淆
（2）be confused about 对……感到迷惑
（3）confusing adj. 令人困惑的；难懂的
confusion n. 混乱；困惑
【佳句】 When I saw her confused face， it was like waking up from a dream.
当我看到她困惑的脸庞时，就如同从梦中醒来一般。
devote oneself to 致力，专心，献身
【练通】 单句语法填空
①It is his （devote） to his learning that enables him to attain a doctor’s degree.
②Amanda often devotes her spare time to （help） others.
③This meant I had to interview a （devote） newspaper reporter in person， and I was terrified.
【写美】 句式升级
④Devoting herself to teaching the deaf children， the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.
→ the deaf children， the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.（形容词短语作状语）
【归纳】
（1）devote oneself to （doing） sth 致力/献身（做）某事
devote one’s life to （doing） sth 把某人的一生奉献于（做）某事
（2）devoted adj. 全心全意的；忠诚的
be devoted to （doing） sth
专心/献身（做）某事
（3）devotion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚
【佳句】 Indeed，his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers， to whom he had devoted his life.
确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯与其为之奉献毕生的千千万万的中国农民无异。
never位于句首引起部分倒装
Never have I seen a greater， or more beautiful， or a calmer or more noble thing than you， brother.
我从来没有见过比你更庞大、更美丽、更冷静或更高贵的东西，兄弟。
【写美】 完成句子
①Hardly and not once stayed home sick.
他几乎从未休过一天假，也从未因病待在家中。
②Not only ， but we should also help them rebuild their homes.我们不仅应该为他们筹集资金， 还应该帮助他们重建家园。
③In no case to smoke in school.
学生无论如何都不允许在学校吸烟。
【归纳】
具有否定意义的副词位于句首引起部分倒装：
（1）否定副词never位于句首，句子需部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前。
（2）常用的否定副词和含有否定意义的介词（短语）还有not、little、seldom、hardly、scarcely、neither、nor、at no time、by no means、in no case、in no way、on no condition等。
【佳句】 Never did Zhang Yue think that this was something she would end up doing.
张悦以前从未想过自己会做这一行。
Part Ⅱ 二维微点练全
维度一 阅读词汇清障——一词多义/熟词生义
1.mean
A.adj.小气的，吝啬的 B.vt.意味着 C.vt.表示……的意思 D.vt.打算 E.adj.刻薄的
（1）（人教必修二）Last year，we were having problems in our chat room.Mean comments were being posted by someone we didn’t know.
（2）Though she is wealthy，she’s always been mean with money.
（3）（人教必修二）People from the UK are called “British”， which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
（4）（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
（5）The underlined phrase “taken aback” in the last paragraph means “shocked”.
2.appeal
A.vi.呼吁，恳求 B.vi.有吸引力 C.n.吸引力 D.vi.上诉，申诉
（1）（2025·连云港一模）The beautiful countryside in China holds a strong appeal for foreign visitors.
（2）He said he would appeal after being found guilty on four counts of murder.
（3）The procedure appealed to the staff a lot when it was introduced in January.
（4）In order for the 2-day weekends to be taken full advantage of， the Students’ Union appeals to students to participate in the campaign themed “Employ the 2-day Weekends Efficiently”.
3.contain
A.v.包含，含有 B.v.容纳 C.v.忍住，抑制
（1）Hearing the disappointing news，he was too sad to contain himself.
（2）The new stadium being constructed now can contain 2，000 people.
（3）（外研选必四）It contained more than 800 characters， with some signs representing animals， people and objects and others representing syllables.
4.词义猜测
（1）The police have issued an appeal for witnesses to the traffic accident.
（2）Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars，early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena.
（3）The local theatre group is staging a production of Hamlet.
（4）To further confuse the issue in the experiment，there is an enormous variation in the amount of sleep people feel happy with.
（5）She quitted her job from management position and then launched a store selling facility stuff.
（6）Seeking other like-minded souls， however， Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place： online.
（7）With our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education.
维度二 写作词汇夯实——词形转换/动词形式变化/固定搭配
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷）A new study shows that wildness in urban areas is （extreme） important for human well-being.
2.Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park， and throughout the year.The following are （describe） of the ranger programs this summer.
3. Don’t go to a school （specific） for a high school relationship or to make someone else happy.
4.Regardless of the risk of getting infected，Uncle Li is responsible and （devote） to his job.
5.People （universal） acknowledge that relaxation plays an important part in people’s health.
6.The professor had just finished his speech students rushed out of the classroom.
7.I still remember what you have devoted to （improve） my oral English and writing skills.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1.We should often （反思过去的错误） to avoid repeating them.
2.The roof （支撑着） by several thick pillars.
3.This passage is an excerpt from （一部经典文学作品）.
4.The poem contains a vivid （对真与美的描述）.
5.Environmental protection is （大众普遍关心的事）.
6.It is believed that his novels （反映他自己的生活和经历） in his early years.
7.Some old traditions seem to （与当今生活无关）.
8.The athlete （试图跳过围栏） during the competition.
Part Ⅲ 三维写作提能
求助信——帮助学生选择外国文学书
第一步 练单句——词句优美，吸引眼球
1.我很想推荐一本外国文学书，帮助我们学校的学生开阔视野。（literature）
2.经典文学书籍反映了人类的思想感情，是人类灵魂的历史。（reflect；soul）
3.我很难确定读什么。你能给我一些建议吗？（determine）
4.如果你能描述一些具有各自特点的作品，那就更好了。（description；feature）
5.如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。（capable）
第二步 组语篇——文从字顺，赏心悦目
厚积薄发，下笔有神
亮词 情感描写：sensitive； mean； generosity； confused
动作描写：devote oneself to； determine； awaken； destroy； attempt； accomplish；draw on
美句 ①A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear. （环境描写） ②Behind every book is a man， behind the man is the race，and behind the race are the natural and social environments. （排比句式） ③The fish was coming in on his circle now calm and beautiful looking and only his great tail moving.（外貌描写） ④The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air. （动作描写）
情感描写之“吃惊、惊讶”
词汇 美句
单词 ①shock n.震惊，打击；令人震惊的事 v.使震惊→shocked adj.惊愕的，感到震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的 ②astonish v.使吃惊，使惊讶→astonished adj.感到惊讶的；十分惊奇的→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的→astonishment n.惊讶 ③surprise n.意想不到（或突然）的事，令人惊奇的事；惊奇 v.使惊奇→surprised adj.惊讶的→surprising adj.令人吃惊的→surprisingly adv.惊人地，出人意料地 ④amaze v.使惊奇；使惊愕→amazed adj.惊愕的，惊异的→amazing adj.惊人的，了不起的；令人诧异的→amazement n.惊奇 ①（2025·苏州调研）“I ...I cannot believe this.Wol ...Wolfie saved my life，” Bob’s mother cried， still in shock from her near-death experience. “我……我无法相信。沃……沃尔夫救了我的命，”鲍勃的母亲哭着说，她仍对刚才的九死一生感到震惊不已。 （语言描写） ②Seeing the astonishing scene，he was thrown into astonishment.看到这惊人的场面，他大吃一惊。 （分词短语作状语） ③Hearing the unexpected news，Mary was numb with shock， as if rooted to the ground.听到这个意外的消息，Mary惊呆了，动弹不得。 （状语从句的省略） ④Frozen/Speechless with shock，we approached and found the driver of the car was a six-year-old boy.我们靠近，发现车子的司机是一个六岁男孩，都惊呆了/惊得说不出话来。 （形容词短语作状语）
词块 ①to one’s shock/astonishment/surprise/amazement 令某人震惊/吃惊/惊异的是 ②in astonishment/surprise/shock/amazement 吃惊地/震惊地/惊异地 ③It amazes/astonishes me that ... 令我惊讶的是…… ④What amazes/astonishes me most is ... 最让我吃惊的是…… ⑤freeze/stand still＝stop dead＝be numb with shock 惊呆了
情境导语 一天，简去歌剧院看她最喜欢的喜剧，既快乐又轻松，突然……
第一步 完成句子
1.一个震耳欲聋的声音从后面传到了她的耳朵里。
reached her ears from behind.（动词-ing形式作定语）
2.她惊讶地瞥了一眼，看到一辆车撞倒了一位老人。
She ， seeing .（surprise；场景描写）
3.她走过去瞧个仔细，却突然震惊地停了下来。
She went over to look at it more carefully， .（并列句；介词短语）
4.她震惊地发现躺在地上的老人是她的爷爷。
She the old man lying on the ground was her grandfather.
5.她立即拨打120，爷爷得救了。
She called 120 instantly .
6.虽然她错过了她最喜欢的喜剧片，但她救了爷爷，心理上感到知足了。
， she saved her grandfather and felt satisfied psychologically.（让步状语从句）
第二步 连句成文
（2024·全国甲卷）“I didn’t like the ending，” I said to my favorite college professor.It was my junior year of undergraduate， and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature.I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot， and I was heartbroken with the ending.Prof.Gracie， with all his patience， asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not.He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters， endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome.Of course， I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver， but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.
This was an ah-ha moment for me， and I never thought about endings the same way again.From then on， if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy， I’d pick up a love romance.If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess， I’d pick up a mystery （悬疑小说）.One where I kind of knew what was going to happen， historical fiction.Choosing what to read became easier.
But writing the end — that’s hard.It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers.You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable， but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere， one that fits what’s right for the characters.
That’s why this issue （期） of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing.If it’s short stories， Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing.Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.
This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be — that’s up to you and the story you’re telling — but it might provide what you need to get there.
32.Why did the author go to Prof.Gracie？（ ）
A.To discuss a novel. B.To submit a book report.
C.To argue for a writer. D.To ask for a reading list.
33.What did the author realize after seeing Prof.Gracie？（ ）
A.Writing is a matter of personal preferences.
B.Readers are often carried away by characters.
C.Each type of literature has its unique ending.
D.A story which begins well will end well.
34.What is expected of a good ending？（ ）
A.It satisfies readers’ taste. B.It fits with the story development.
C.It is usually positive. D.It is open for imagination.
35.Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims？（ ）
A.To give examples of great novelists. B.To stress the theme of this issue.
C.To encourage writing for the magazine. D.To recommend their new books.
（一）由文本积阅读词汇
1.literature n. 文学；著作
2.positive adj. 积极乐观的；建设性的
3.outcome n. 结果
4.guarantee v. 担保；提供（产品）保修单；确保
n. 保证；保修单
5.romance n. 爱情故事；爱情
6.technique n. 技巧；工艺
7.analyze v. 分析；分解
（二）由文本积主题词块
1.from then on 从那时起
2.pick up 挑选；拿起；捡起；取走；学会；（身体）恢复，好转
3.kind of ＜口＞稍微，有点儿，有几分
4.historical fiction 历史小说
5.carry so much weight 相当有分量，十分有影响力
6.figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
7.break down 拆分，把……分为若干部分
8.stick the landing 完美收尾
（三）由文本知变式运用
1.学习构词（派生词/合成词）
（1）ending n.（故事等的）结尾；结束；词尾 [end （v.）＋后缀-ing]
（2）undergraduate n.本科生；（未获学士学位的）大学生 [前缀under-＋graduate （n.）]
（3）independent adj.独立的；公正的；自立的 [前缀in-＋dependent （adj.）]
（4）heartbroken adj.悲伤的，伤心的[heart（n.）＋broken （adj.） ]
（5）traditionally adv.传统上[traditional（adj.）＋后缀-ly]
（6）historical adj.（有关）历史的，史学的 [history （n.）＋后缀-ical]
（7）unpredictable adj.无法预言的；不可预测的 [前缀un-＋predictable （adj.）]
2.近义替换（用文中词汇替换）
ensured＝ （第二段）
3.熟词生义（文中生义）
（1）weight [熟义] n.重量，体重
→[生义] n. （第三段第二句）
（2）balance [熟义] n.平衡；余额；天平 v.使（在某物上）保持平衡
→[生义] v. （第三段第三句）
（四）由文本学靓丽表达
1.I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot， and （我为这个结局感到心碎）.（情感描写）
2.That’s why this issue （期） of Writer’s Digest aims to help you （想出如何写出最好的结局） for whatever kind of writing you’re doing.（“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构）
3.If it’s short stories， Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see （哪一种能帮你完美收尾）.（定语从句）
（五）由文本探析长难句
He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters， endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome.
分析：此处suggested后是 从句。宾语从句中介词短语between ...and ...作difference的 ，前两个endings后是 从句，第三个endings后that引导的定语从句中含有一个even if引导的 从句。
译文：
UNIT 4 Exploring literature
【考点·多维突破】
Part Ⅰ
考点新语境（一）
[微技能热身] 1.限制性定语 2.羞于……
3.总之 all in all， in summary， to sum up
1.①appealing ②to ③appeal to everyone to protect them； make an appeal to everyone to protect them
2.①in ②particularly ③to do
④is very particular about/over what she eats
3.①significant ②which is very significant to him； It is of great significance to him that
4.①reflected on/upon ②On reflection
③reflecting on what I said to him just now
5.①where the sun is in the sky
②a position that usually took four years to achieve
考点新语境（二）
[微技能热身] 1.主语＋have/has been doing ...
2.find＋it＋形容词＋宾语 时间 静下心来 3.越……，就越……
6.①to try ②determination ③Determined to do something
7.①at ②to improve ③made an attempt to
8.①confused ②Confused about the present situation
9.①devotion ②helping ③devoted ④Devoted to teaching
10.①did he ever take a day off ②should we raise money for them ③should students be allowed
Part Ⅱ
维度一
1.（1）E （2）A （3）B （4）D （5）C
2.（1）C （2）D （3）B （4）A
3.（1）C （2）B （3）A
4.（1）vt.发布 （2） adj.新颖的 （3）vt.上演，举办
（4）vt.使复杂化 （5）vt.开始从事 （6）n.（某种类型的）人
（7）vt.促进，推进
维度二
Ⅰ.1.extremely 2.descriptions 3.specifically 4.devoted
5.universally 6.when 7.improving
Ⅱ.1.reflect on our past mistakes 2.is held up
3.a classic work of literature
4.description of truth and beauty
5.a matter of universal interest
6.reflect his own life and experiences
7.have nothing to do with life today
8.attempted to jump over the fences
Part Ⅲ
应用文写作增分练
第一步
1.I would like to recommend a book on foreign literature to help students in our school broaden their horizons.
2.Classic literary books reflect man’s thoughts and feelings， and are the history of the human souls.
3.It is hard for me to determine what to read.Would you give me some advice？
4.It would be better if you could give a description of some works with respective features.
5.I would be grateful if you are capable of helping me.
第二步
I would like to recommend a book on foreign literature to help students in our school broaden their horizons.Classic literary books reflect man’s thoughts and feelings，and are the history of the human souls.It is hard for me to determine what to read.Would you give me some advice？ It would be better if you could give a description of some works with respective features.
I would be grateful if you are capable of helping me.
读后续写微技能
第一步
1.A deafening sound
2.glanced with surprise； a car knock an old man over
3.but stopped in sudden surprise
4.was shocked to find that
5.and her grandfather was saved
6.Although she missed her favourite comedy
第二步
Suddenly，a deafening sound reached her ears from behind.She glanced with surprise，seeing a car knock an old man over.Then she went over to look at it more carefully， but stopped in sudden surprise.She was shocked to find that the old man lying on the ground was her grandfather.All at once， she called 120 instantly and her grandfather was saved.Although she missed her favourite comedy， she saved her grandfather and felt satisfied psychologically.
【素养·培育落实】
一、做真题
32.A 细节理解题。根据第一段首句、第三句和第四句可知，作者刚读完《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，她告诉教授自己不喜欢这部小说的结尾，而教授让作者抛开个人喜好，好好思考一下这部小说，即作者去找Gracie教授是为了讨论一部小说。
33.C 推理判断题。根据第二段第二至四句可知，从那时起，如果作者想读到幸福的结局，她就会选一部爱情小说。如果想要一个猜不到的结局，她会选择悬疑小说。如果想要大概猜到故事的发展，她会选择历史小说。由此推断，每一种文学类型都有其独特的结尾。
34.B 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，结局不能是凭空而来的，它需要适合角色。由此推断，好的结尾要符合故事的发展。
35.B 目的意图题。倒数第二段首句提到这就是为什么本期《作者文摘》旨在帮助你弄清楚如何为你正在写的任何一种文本写出最好的结局。接着作者以Peter Mountford和Elizabeth Sims为例说明本期《作者文摘》具体会介绍哪些技巧。由此可知，作者提及Peter Mountford和Elizabeth Sims是为了强调本期杂志的主题。
三、再利用
（三）2.guaranteed
3.（1）重要性；影响力
（2）同等重视（相对的两个事物或方面）
（四）1.I was heartbroken with the ending
2.figure out how to write the best ending
3.which one helps you stick the landing
（五）宾语 定语 定语 让步状语
他建议我考虑一下我想要的角色的结局、适合角色的结局以及那些满足故事的结局之间的区别，即使他们没有传统上的积极结果。
11 / 12(共146张PPT)
UNIT 4 Exploring literature
高中总复习·英语 (译林版)
01
晨背
积累沉淀
02
基础
夯实过关
03
考点
多维突破
Part Ⅰ 一维重点突破
Part Ⅱ 二维微点练全
Part Ⅲ 三维写作提能
04
素养
培育落实
05
技能
锤炼提升
1
晨背·积累沉淀
高效用时，积少成多
阅读词汇明义
快速一览
1. soul n.灵魂；心性，内心
2. universal adj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的
3. specific adj.特定的；明确的，具体的
4. turkey n.火鸡；火鸡肉
5. chapter n.章节；篇章
6. butterfly n.蝴蝶
7. shell n.贝壳；壳
8. autobiography n.自传
9. biography n.传记，传记作品
10. strain n.用劲，使力；压力，拉力；重负
11. accomplish vt.完成
12. weave vi.& vt.（weaved，weaved）迂回行进，穿行；（wove，
woven）编
13. mushy adj.糊状的，软而稠的
教材例句
14. （人教选必一）However， if a student does not bother to brush her
hair and her eyes are red from weeping， then I can infer that there are
deeper issues at work. n.问题
15. （外研必修一）At the information desk at the entrance， I asked a
lady where the shoe section was. n.区；部门
16. （北师大必修三）Well， I don’t think memorising the word list is
the best way to learn words.First， you should learn words in context. n.
上下文，语境，背景
写作词汇运用
词块记忆
1. awaken sb 唤醒某人
2. contain two elements 包含两个元素
3. the author of the novel 小说的作者
4. the physical features of the animal动物的身体特征
5. the upper arm上臂
6. the gap between imports and exports进口与出口之间的差距
7. a constant topic of conversation一个交谈中永恒的话题
8. destroy the valuable painting破坏这幅贵重的画
9. a narrow/heavy defeat 惜败/惨败
10. at the first attempt 第一次尝试
11. a sudden flash of lightning突然一道闪电
12. launch vt.使（船）下水；开始从事，发动
n.上市；发射，发起
①launch a new warship 下水一艘新军舰
②launch a campaign 发起一场运动
③the successful launch of Discovery“发现”号的成功发射
④a party to launch his latest novel他的最新小说的发布会
13. stage n.舞台；阶段；步骤 vt.上演，举办
①at different stages of development
处于不同的发展阶段
②stage a ceremony/an event/an exhibition
举行仪式/活动/展览
14. novel n.（长篇）小说adj.新颖的
①his classic novel 他的经典小说
②novel ideas 新思想
语境记忆
15. noble adj.贵族的，高贵的；崇高的；宏伟的 n.贵族；崇高的人
kings， nobles， and people of high rank
国王、贵族和地位显赫的人
16. mean adj.吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的 v.打算
（intend），意思是
She’s always been mean with money but generous to her friends.（人物
介绍）
她在花钱方面总是很吝啬，但对她朋友很慷慨。
17. confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的
The United Kingdom， Great Britain， Britain， England — many
people are confused by what these different names mean.
联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——这些不同的名称是何意思，
许多人感到困惑。
派生词汇识记
1. appeal vi.有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n.吸引力；申诉；呼吁，恳求
→appealing adj.有吸引力的；恳求的
2. determine vt.确定；支配；决心 vi.决心→determined adj.坚定的；
下定决心的→determination n.决心；决定
3. significant adj.有重要意义的，显著的→significance n.意义；重要
性→significantly adv.显著地；意味深长地
4. description n.描述，形容，说明→describe vt.描写；形容；描绘
5. sensitive adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的→sense n.感
觉，意识；感觉官能
6. reflect vt.& vi.反映，显示；映出（影像）；反射（声、光、
热等）；沉思→reflection n.反映；思考；（声、光、热等的）反
射；映像
7. capable adj.有能力，有才能；能力强的→capability n.能力，才能
→incapable adj.没有能力
8. permanence n.永久，持久性→permanent adj.永久的
9. summary n.总结，概括，概要→summarise v.总结，概括；概述
10. particular adj.特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的→particularly
adv.特别，尤其
11. collection n.（同类）收藏品；作品集；募捐→collect vt.收集
12. generosity n.慷慨，大方，宽宏大量→generous adj.慷慨的，
大方的
13. transport vt.运输，运送 n.交通运输系统；交通车辆；运输
→transportation n.运输；交通工具，运输工具
14. poetry n.诗集，诗歌→poet n.诗人→poem n.诗；韵文
15. extremely adv.极其，非常，极端→extreme adj.极其的；极端的
n.极端；极限
16. attempt vt.& n.努力，尝试，试图→attempted adj.未遂的，企图的
17. straighten vt.挺直；（使）变直，变正→straight adj.直的；连续
的；坦诚的；平正的
1.后缀-en结尾的动词集锦 ①straighten 挺直；
（使）变直，变正 ②frighten 使惊吓；使惊恐；吓唬 ③sharpen （使）变得锋利；锐利 ④deepen 使加剧；使加深 ⑤weaken （使）变弱 ⑥darken （使）变黑 ⑦strengthen 加强 ⑧soften （使）变软 2.“文学”相关词汇集锦
①literature n.文学作品，文学
②collection n.作品集
③novel n.（长篇）小说
④poetry n.诗集；诗歌；诗作
⑤biography n.传记，传记作品
⑥autobiography n.自传
⑦essay/prose n.散文
⑧science fiction 科幻小说
3.“动词＋up”短语一览
①build up 逐渐增强；建立
②hang up 挂起来；挂断电话
③pick up 捡起；学会
④bring up 抚养；教养
⑤dress up 穿上盛装；打扮
⑥take up 占据；从事
⑦make up 虚构；弥补；组成
⑧show up 出现；露面
1. devote oneself to 致力，专心，献身
2. in store （for sb） 即将发生（在某人身上），等待着（某人）
3. in summary 总的来说
4. draw on 凭借，利用
5. ought to 应该，应当
6. in particular 尤其，特别
7. clear up （头脑）清醒；使整洁，清理
8. be on the point of doing sth 正要做某事
9. appeal to 对……有吸引力；向……呼吁
10. be capable of 有能力；能够
11. all the more 更加
12. look through 浏览
13. reflect on/upon 反思，仔细思考
e on 来呀，快点
15. hold up 支持住，挺住；举起；停下来
16. be good at 擅长，精通
17. an excerpt from a classic work of literature 一部经典文学作品的节选
18. stand the test of time 经受时间的考验
19. be thoroughly in earnest 非常认真地
20. description of truth and beauty 对真与美的描述
21. universal interest 普遍兴趣；大众普遍关心的事
22. take on a personal style 呈现出个人特色/风格
23. reflect his own life and experiences 反映他自己的生活和经历
24. have nothing to do with life today 与当今生活无关
25. attempt to jump over the fences 试图跳过围栏
1. 句式：be doing ...when ...正在做……这时……
原句：A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child
found a shell and held it to his ear.
一个孩子和一名男子正在海滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳，把
它放到了耳边。
2. 句式：what引导主语从句
原句：What amazed the child was not a new world，but the unnoticed
music of the old.
让孩子为之惊奇的不是一个新世界，而是旧世界那被人忽视的乐音。
3. 句式：完全倒装句
原句：Behind every book is a man， behind the man is the race， and
behind the race are the natural and social environments.
每本书背后都有一个人，此人身后是一个族群，这个族群背后是自然
和社会环境。
4. 句式：抽象地点名词后跟where引导的定语从句
原句：In a word， we have now reached a point where we wish to enjoy
and understand literature.
总之，我们现在已经到了想要欣赏和理解文学的阶段。
5. 句式：never位于句首引起部分倒装
原句：Never have I seen a greater， or more beautiful， or a calmer or
more noble thing than you， brother.
我从来没有见过比你更庞大、更美丽、更冷静或更高贵的东西，
兄弟。
6. 句式：with复合结构
原句：The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great
tail weaving in the air.
鱼正正身子，又慢慢地游开，大尾巴在海面上绕来绕去。
Now， I’ll give you a brief introduction about my uncle White.He
is a noble college teacher who is always ready to help others.He devotes
himself to literature.He has a large collection of books，containing
some famous classic novels， some of which have been donated to the
local village libraries.So people here respect him for his generosity.
Besides， he often helps the old.I remember he once told me that no one knows what life has in store for them.What moved us most is that he also appeals to other authors to donate some money to the poor hildren.Because of his kindness and generosity，some suggest that a biography ought to be written for him， which reflects their respect for my uncle.
2
基础·夯实过关
默写查验，巧学活用
（一）分类识记单词——用时少·功效快
阅读单词知意
请在没有记牢的单词前的方框内画“√”，以便下次着重记忆。
□1.soul n.灵魂；心性，内心
□2.universal adj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的
□3.issue n.重要议题，争论的问题；问题，担忧；（报刊）一期vt.
宣布，公布
□4.context n.（事情发生的）背景，环境，来龙去脉；上下文，语境
□5.specific adj.特定的；明确的，具体的
□6.section n.部分，部门；部件，散件
□7.turkey n.火鸡；火鸡肉
□8.chapter n.章节；篇章
□9.butterfly n.蝴蝶
□10.shell n.贝壳；壳
□11.autobiography n.自传
□12.biography n.传记，传记作品
□13.strain n.用劲，使力；压力，拉力；重负
□14.accomplish vt.完成
□15.weave vi.& vt.（weaved，weaved）迂回行进，穿行；
（wove，woven）编
□16.mushy adj.糊状的，软而稠的
核心单词练通
1. vt.& vi.唤起，被唤起；（使）醒来
2. n.要素，基本部分
3. n.作者，作家
4. adv.因此，所以
5. n.（长篇）小说
6. adj.上部的；上面的
7. n.差距；间隙
8. n.话题；题目；标题
9. adj.吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的
awaken
element
author
therefore
novel
upper
gap
topic
mean
10. n.舞台；阶段；步骤vt.上演，举办
11. vt.摧毁，毁灭，破坏
12. adv.在……旁边；与……一起
13. adj.贵族的，高贵的；崇高的；宏伟的
14. n.闪光；闪现vt.& vi.（使）闪光；（使）闪现
stage
destroy
alongside
noble
flash
单词拼写
1. （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写）I thought my pronunciation was the
problem， so I explained again more slowly， but he still
looked （迷惑的）.
2. （人教必修一）My adviser recommended that I should sign up for
advanced （文学） because I like English and I’m good at it.
confused
literature
3. （外研必修三）With the majority of （尝试） to climb
Qomolangma resulting either in total success or failure， is there also a
scientific reason behind this risk-taking？
attempts
4. （北师大选必四）We started flying around the world，
（发射） satellites into orbit.
5. The film was banned because it （包含） a number of
extremely violent scenes.
6. The main （特色，特征） of the author’s works is the
use of his own experience.
7. Father often tells me a person’s success lies in changing himself
instead of （击败） others.
launching
contained
feature
defeating
拓展单词用活
记全记牢
1. adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的
→ n.感觉，意识；感觉官能
2. adj.有能力，有才能；能力强的→ n.能
力；才能→ adj.没有能力
3. n.永久，持久性→ adj.永久的
4. n.总结，概括，概要→ v.总结，概
括；概述
sensitive
sense
capable
capability
incapable
permanence
permanent
summary
summarise
5. vt.运输，运送 n.交通运输系统；交通车辆；运输
→ n.运输；交通工具，运输工具
6. n.诗集，诗歌→ n.诗人→ n.诗；韵文
7. adv.极其，非常，极端→ adj.极端的；
极度的 n.极端；极度
8. vt.& n.努力，尝试，试图→ adj.未遂
的，企图的
9. vt.挺直；（使）变直，变正→ adj.直的
transport
transportation
poetry
poet
poem
extremely
extreme
attempt
attempted
straighten
straight
用准用活
1. When spring approaches， some flowers are in the river
and the is very beautiful.（reflect）
2. From the expression on his face，we knew that he
was to take up the job，which needed great patience
and .（determine）
3. The scientists think Tom’s invention is of great ，
because it is to cure the patients of deadly disease.
（significant）
reflected
reflection
determined
determined
determination
significance
significant
4. He the robbery in detail to the policeman and
his was very valuable—the police caught the robber in a
short time.（describe）
5. The boy is interested in making model planes but he is
not about what he eats.（particular）
6. George is a famous who ancient coins and
antiques.His private are worth a larger sum of money.
（collect）
described
description
particularly
particular
collector
collects
collections
7. He gave a speech to to us to protect the environment， but
his speech was not .（appeal）
8. Uncle Wang is a kind and man and he
contributed a lot of money to the rural primary school last
week.His is worth admiring.（generous）
appeal
appealing
generous
generously
generosity
（二）集中识记短语——不枯燥·求实效
第一组
1. 致力，专心，献身
2. 即将发生（在某人身上），等待着（某人）
3. 总的来说
4. 凭借，利用
5. 应该，应当
6. 尤其，特别
7. （头脑）清醒；使整洁，清理
8. 正要做某事
devote oneself to
in store （for sb）
in summary
draw on
ought to
in particular
clear up
be on the point of doing sth
第二组
1. 有吸引力，有感染力，引起兴趣
2. 有能力
3. 更加
4. 浏览
5. 反思，仔细思考
6. 来呀，快点
7. 支持住，挺住；举起；停下来
8. 擅长，精通
appeal to
be capable of
all the more
look through
reflect on/upon
come on
hold up
be good at
选用上面短语填空
1. （外研必修三）It is now possible to create an intelligent walking
house.It using GPS technology to travel to different
places.
2. （译林选必四） ， in a world of constant change，
one should never cease to learn.
3. There is a big surprise you when you return home.
4. Sorry， the place is so messy； I haven’t had time to .
is capable of
In summary
in store for
clear up
5. With his help， I went through the hardest time and
the piano at last.
6. The government the public to remain calm in case of
emergency.
7. Now， when I my adolescence， I can see how
absurd and funny it was.
8. I having dinner when the phone rang.
9. He his experience as a climber to make a documentary
programme.
devoted myself
to
appealed to
reflect on/upon
was on the point of
drew on
密
码
解
读 本
单元 living 活的，活着的 limited有限的
拓
展 后缀-ing & -ed （-ing形容词和-ed形容词通常分别表示“令
人……的”和“感到……的”，但此处我们着重讲-ing“正在……的；……的”和-ed“已……的；有……的”，以及-ing作名词后缀）
密
码
解
读 拓
展 -ing -ed
adj. n. 表示
“已…
…的” 表示
“有…
…的”
表示“正
在……
的；……的” 表示“行
为，状态” 表示“行动或
过程的产物或
结果”
missing 找不到的，丢失的 developing 发展中的 growing 增加的，增长的 learning 学习 feeling 感觉 shopping购物 walking散步 swimming游泳 playing演奏 building 建筑物 finding 调研结果 Meeting 会议，集会 parking停车场 retired 已
退休的 develope
d 发达的 failed 失败的 talented
有才能的
gifted
有天赋的
coloured
有……色的
即
时
应
用 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.（2022·北京卷）It is important to know from the （begin）
that there are a lot of highs and lows，and there is no such thing as overnight success.
2.I’ve heard that you are a （talent） young woman， and I have found you charming and intelligent as well.
3.Worried but （delight）， the young man ran out of the station as quickly as his legs could carry him.
4.It’s （challenge） to be a health expert，because people can be easily influenced by advertisements that lack scientific support.
5.We can’t promise to publish a reply as space is （limit）.
beginning
talented
delighted
challenging
limited
（三）仿写活用句式——造佳句·表达高
句型公式 句式仿写
1.句型公式：what引导主
语从句 教材原句：What amazed
the child was not a new
world， but the unnoticed
music of the old. 1.（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）使整个经历特别
迷人的不仅仅是绘画课，还有沉浸在宁
静的大自然中。
was not merely
the painting class but the immersion in quiet
nature.
What made the whole experience
exceptionally charming
句型公式 句式仿写
2.句型公式：完全倒装句 教材原句：Behind every book is a man，behind the man is the race， and behind the race are the natural and social environments. 2.我们的办公楼前面矗立着两座大象雕像。
In front of our office building
.
stand two
elephant statues
句型公式 句式仿写
3.句型公式：抽象地点名词后跟where引导的定语从句 教材原句：In a word，we have now reached a point where we wish to enjoy and understand
literature. 3.毕业后我们到了必须决定下一步做什么的阶段。
After graduation we reached
.
a point
where we had to decide what to do next
句型公式 句式仿写
4.句型公式：never位于句
首引起部分倒装 教材原句：Never have I
seen a greater， or more
beautiful， or a calmer or
more noble thing than
you， brother. 4.如果你不努力学习，你永远不会被你
理想的大学录取。
if you don’t work
hard.
Never will you be admitted into your
dream university
3
考点·多维突破
精讲精练，突破重难
Part Ⅰ 一维重点突破
Nowadays shopping online appeals to more and more
people.Young people like to shop online in particular.
Firstly， online shops contain a variety of goods which are of great significance and cheap.Secondly， many people are ashamed of bargaining with the shop assistants face to face.Lastly， before buying， people usually have enough time to reflect.Shopping online can also balance their time， feelings and work. In a word， we have now reached a point where what we need can be bought even without leaving home.
微技能热身
1. ①处which引导 从句，修饰说明goods。
2. ②处are ashamed of意为“ ”。
3. ③处In a word意为“ ”，同义短语还有
等。
限制性定语
羞于……
总之
all in all， in
summary， to sum up
appeal vi.有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n.吸引力；申诉；呼吁
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）When I got back home， suddenly riding my
bike didn’t seem quite as （appeal）.
②（人教选必一）Whichever and whatever you like， there is an
incredible theme park that will appeal you！
appealing
to
【写美】 一句多译
③海洋对我们人类来说非常重要，所以我呼吁每个人来保护它们。
（短文投稿）
→Oceans are of quite significance to us humans，so I
.（appeal vi.）
→Oceans are of quite significance to us humans，so I
.（appeal n.）
appeal to
everyone to protect them
make an appeal
to everyone to protect them
【归纳】
（1）appeal to sb 对某人有吸引力
appeal to sb for sth 呼吁/恳求某人某事
appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁某人做某事
（2）make an appeal to sb for sth 为某事向某人呼吁或请求
make an appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁/恳求某人做某事
（3）appealing adj. 吸引人的
【佳句】 Last Sunday saw an exciting cross-country running
race， which appealed to both students and teachers of our
school.（活动报道）
上周日举行了一场激动人心的越野赛跑，吸引了我们学校的学生
和老师。
particular adj.特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（2023·1月浙江卷）In the summer particular， the air
conditioning can make them quite cold.
②（外研选必一）He was （particular） interested in
the old story about a fish jumping through the “Dragon Gate”.
③He was particular （do） me a favour today， for which I
was very grateful.
in
particularly
to do
【写美】 完成句子
④She ， otherwise she
would not be so thin.
她对吃的东西很讲究，否则她不会这么瘦。
is very particular about/over what she eats
【归纳】
（1）in particular 尤其，特别
be particular about/over ... 对……讲究/挑剔
be particular to do sth 特地做某事
（2）particularly adv. 尤其，特别；格外地，特别地，特定地
【佳句】 As a Chinese who is in particular interested in travelling， I
would like to introduce my favourite city — Beijing.（推荐信）
作为一个对旅游特别感兴趣的中国人，我想介绍我最喜欢的城市——
北京。
significant adj.有重要意义的，显著的
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（北师大选必四）I’ve been reading a lot about the
most （significance） scientists and discoveries in
history.
significant
【写美】 一句多译
②治疗癌症药物的研究取得了巨大进步，这对他来说是非常重要的。
→The research of drugs to cure cancer has made great progress，
.（significant adj.；定语从句）
→ the research of drugs to cure
cancer has made great progress.（significance n.； it作形式主语）
which
is very significant to him
It is of great significance to him that
【归纳】
（1）it is significant that ... ……很明显/很重要
（2）significance n. 重要性；意义
be of （great/no/little） significance to ...对……（很/不）重要
attach （great） significance to ... 认为……（很）重要
（3）significantly adv. 有重大意义地，显著地；
意味深长地
【佳句】 Visitors can glimpse diverse animals and appreciate the beauty
and significance of life.
游客可以瞥见各种各样的动物，欣赏生命的美丽和意义。
reflect vt.& vi.反映，显示；映出（影像）；反射（声、光、热
等）；沉思
【练通】 用下面短语填空
①The possible changes of the market need to be
before we act.
② ， I don’t think I really need a car after all.
reflected on/upon
On reflection
【写美】 句式升级
③David lowered his head，sat on the ground quietly and reflected on
what I said to him just now.
→David lowered his head and sat on the ground quietly，
.（非谓语动词作状语）
reflecting on
what I said to him just now
【归纳】
（1）reflect on/upon 仔细考虑/沉思/反省……
be reflected in 被映照在……中；被反映在……
（2）reflection n. 反映，表现；倒影，影像；思考，反省
on reflection 经过考虑后（改变看法）
【佳句】 It reflects politeness and good manners， which Chinese attach
much importance to，and by following it， a harmonious society is bound
to be accomplished.
它反映了中国人非常重视的礼貌和礼节，并且通过遵循它，一个和谐
的社会必然会被实现。
抽象地点名词后跟where引导的定语从句
In a word， we have now reached a point where we wish to enjoy and
understand literature.
总之，我们现在已经到了想要欣赏和理解文学的阶段。
【写美】 完成句子
①（外研必修一）These two pieces of information — the time of day and
the point — allow the butterfly to
determine the way to go.
这两条信息——一天中的时刻和太阳在天空中的位置——让黑脉金斑
蝶能够判定前进方向。
where the sun is in the sky
②（人教必修三）Within six months， she was named a chief resident
physician， .
不到六个月，她就被任命为住院主任医师，而这一职位通常需要四年
时间完成。
a position that usually took four years to achieve
【归纳】
当先行词为抽象地点名词case、situation、position、atmosphere、
stage、activity、occasion、point等且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用
where或in which来引导定语从句。
【佳句】 It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see
themselves differently.
把孩子放在一个他们能从另外一个角度认识自己的环境中是有益的。
【点津】 在抽象地点名词后的定语从句中，如果关系词作主语或宾
语，则需用that或which引导。
Determing to form his own writing style， he has
been attempting to create some countryside characters.
Never had he imagined himself to be a writing celebrity. However， he has found it hard to calm down since he won the Nobel Prize in Literature.He often feels confused and his normal life is disturbed. The more famous he becomes， the less time he has to write.One day， he was walking on the street when he was recognized.A crowd flocked to him to let him sign for them.So he really desires to live a simple life and devote himself to writing as before.
微技能热身
1. ①处句子是现在完成进行时，基本结构为“
”，意为“……一直做……”。
2. 句②中it是形式宾语，主句句型结构为“
”，since引导 状语从句，calm down意为“
”。
3. 句③为“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”结构，意为
“ ”，主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表
示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。
主语＋have/has been
doing ...
find＋it＋形容词＋宾
语
时间
静下心
来
越……，就越……
determine vt.确定；支配；决心 vi.决心
【练通】 单句语法填空
①Johnson had made up his mind to give it up， but on second thoughts he
determined （try） a third time.（心理描写）
②We’ve shown that， with a lot of focus and
（determine）， we can keep up even with a competitor that is bigger.
to try
determination
【写美】 句式升级
③Once she is determined to do something， she will never change her
mind.
→ ， she will never change her mind.
（非谓语动词作状语）
Determined to do something
【归纳】
（1）determine to do sth 决定做某事
determine on/upon （doing） sth 决定（做）某事
determine＋that/wh-从句 ... 决定……
（2）determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的
be determined to do sth 决心做某事
（3）determination n. 决心
【佳句】 She gave me a determined look — the kind that said she would
not change her mind.
她给了我一个坚决的表情——那种表明她不会改变主意的表情。
attempt vt.& n.努力，尝试，试图
【练通】 单句语法填空
①Jim had prepared carefully for his driving test so that he could be sure of
passing it the first attempt.
②The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt
（improve） the situation.
at
to improve
【写美】 同义句转换
③I’ve attempted to convince her， but in vain.
→I’ve convince her， but in vain.（attempt n.）
made an attempt to
【归纳】
（1）make an attempt to do/at doing sth 试图做某事
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
（2）attempt to do sth＝try/seek to do sth 努力做某事；企图做某事
（3）attempted adj. 未遂的
【佳句】 But even after my best attempts， some of the plants couldn’t
survive.
但即使我尽了最大的努力，有些植物还是无法存活。
confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的
【练通】 单句语法填空
①If someone looks at you with a （confuse） expression，
this could indicate that they have not completely understood your point.
confused
【写美】 句式升级
②He was confused about the present situation so he was at a loss what to
do next.
→ ， he was at a loss what to do
next.（形容词短语作状语）
Confused about the present situation
【归纳】
（1）confuse vt. 使迷惑；混淆
confuse ...with/and ... 把……和……混淆
（2）be confused about 对……感到迷惑
（3）confusing adj. 令人困惑的；难懂的
confusion n. 混乱；困惑
【佳句】 When I saw her confused face， it was like waking up from a
dream.
当我看到她困惑的脸庞时，就如同从梦中醒来一般。
devote oneself to 致力，专心，献身
【练通】 单句语法填空
①It is his （devote） to his learning that enables him to
attain a doctor’s degree.
②Amanda often devotes her spare time to （help） others.
③This meant I had to interview a （devote） newspaper
reporter in person， and I was terrified.
devotion
helping
devoted
【写美】 句式升级
④Devoting herself to teaching the deaf children， the young lady has little
time to care for her own daughter.
→ the deaf children， the young lady has little
time to care for her own daughter.（形容词短语作状语）
Devoted to teaching
【归纳】
（1）devote oneself to （doing） sth
致力/献身（做）某事
devote one’s life to （doing） sth 把某人的一生奉献于（做）某事
（2）devoted adj. 全心全意的；忠诚的
be devoted to （doing） sth 专心/献身（做）某事
（3）devotion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚
【佳句】 Indeed，his slim but strong body was just like that of millions
of Chinese farmers， to whom he had devoted his life.
确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯与其为之奉献毕生的千千万万的中国农民
无异。
never位于句首引起部分倒装
Never have I seen a greater， or more beautiful， or a calmer or more
noble thing than you， brother.
我从来没有见过比你更庞大、更美丽、更冷静或更高贵的东西，
兄弟。
【写美】 完成句子
①Hardly and not once stayed home sick.
他几乎从未休过一天假，也从未因病待在家中。
②Not only ， but we should also
help them rebuild their homes.
我们不仅应该为他们筹集资金， 还应该帮助他们重建家园。
③In no case to smoke in school.
学生无论如何都不允许在学校吸烟。
did he ever take a day off
should we raise money for them
should students be allowed
【归纳】
具有否定意义的副词位于句首引起部分倒装：
（1）否定副词never位于句首，句子需部分倒装，即把助动词、情态
动词或系动词be放在主语之前。
（2）常用的否定副词和含有否定意义的介词（短语）还有not、
little、seldom、hardly、scarcely、neither、nor、at no time、by no
means、in no case、in no way、on no condition等。
【佳句】 Never did Zhang Yue think that this was something she would end up doing.
张悦以前从未想过自己会做这一行。
Part Ⅱ 二维微点练全
维度一 阅读词汇清障——一词多义/熟词生义
1. mean
A. adj.小气的，吝啬的 B. vt.意味着
C. vt.表示……的意思 D. vt.打算 E. adj.刻薄的
（1）（人教必修二）Last year，we were having problems in our chat
room.Mean comments were being posted by someone we didn’t
know.
（2）Though she is wealthy，she’s always been mean with
money.
E
A
（3）（人教必修二）People from the UK are called “British”，
which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great
Britain.
（4）（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）You can view these practices as a toolbox
meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your
particular circumstances.
（5）The underlined phrase “taken aback” in the last paragraph means
“shocked”.
B
D
C
2. appeal
A. vi.呼吁，恳求 B. vi.有吸引力
C. n.吸引力 D. vi.上诉，申诉
（1）（2025·连云港一模）The beautiful countryside in China holds a
strong appeal for foreign visitors.
（2）He said he would appeal after being found guilty on four counts of
murder.
（3）The procedure appealed to the staff a lot when it was introduced in
January.
（4）In order for the 2-day weekends to be taken full advantage of， the
Students’ Union appeals to students to participate in the campaign
themed “Employ the 2-day Weekends Efficiently”.
C
D
B
A
3. contain
A. v.包含，含有 B. v.容纳 C. v.忍住，抑制
（1）Hearing the disappointing news，he was too sad to contain
himself.
（2）The new stadium being constructed now can contain 2，000
people.
（3）（外研选必四）It contained more than 800 characters， with some
signs representing animals， people and objects and others representing
syllables.
C
B
A
4. 词义猜测
（1）The police have issued an appeal for witnesses to the traffic
accident.
（2）Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars，early
agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena.
（3）The local theatre group is staging a production of Hamlet.
vt.发布
adj.
新颖的
vt.上
演，举办
（4）To further confuse the issue in the experiment，there is an
enormous variation in the amount of sleep people feel happy with.
（5）She quitted her job from management position and then launched a
store selling facility stuff.
（6）Seeking other like-minded souls， however， Paulo started looking
in a somewhat unlikely place： online.
（7）With our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to
further their education.
vt.使复杂化
vt.开始从事
n.（某种类型的）人
vt.促进，推进
维度二 写作词汇夯实——词形转换/动词形式变化/固定搭配
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. （2023·新课标Ⅱ卷）A new study shows that wildness in urban areas
is （extreme） important for human well-being.
2. Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs
throughout the park， and throughout the year.The following
are （describe） of the ranger programs this summer.
3. Don’t go to a school （specific） for a high school
relationship or to make someone else happy.
extremely
descriptions
specifically
4. Regardless of the risk of getting infected，Uncle Li is responsible
and （devote） to his job.
5. People （universal） acknowledge that relaxation
plays an important part in people’s health.
6. The professor had just finished his speech students rushed
out of the classroom.
7. I still remember what you have devoted to （improve）
my oral English and writing skills.
devoted
universally
when
improving
Ⅱ.补全句子
1. We should often （反思过去的错误）
to avoid repeating them.
2. The roof （支撑着） by several thick pillars.
3. This passage is an excerpt from （一部
经典文学作品）.
4. The poem contains a vivid （对真
与美的描述）.
5. Environmental protection is （大众
普遍关心的事）.
reflect on our past mistakes
is held up
a classic work of literature
description of truth and beauty
a matter of universal interest
6. It is believed that his novels
（反映他自己的生活和经历） in his early years.
7. Some old traditions seem to
（与当今生活无关）.
8. The athlete （试图跳过围栏）
during the competition.
reflect his own life and experiences
have nothing to do with life today
attempted to jump over the fences
Part Ⅲ 三维写作提能
第一步 练单句——词句优美，吸引眼球
1. 我很想推荐一本外国文学书，帮助我们学校的学生开阔视野。
（literature）
I would like to recommend a book on foreign literature to help students in
our school broaden their horizons.
求助信——帮助学生选择外国文学书
2. 经典文学书籍反映了人类的思想感情，是人类灵魂的历史。
（reflect；soul）
3. 我很难确定读什么。你能给我一些建议吗？（determine）
Classic literary books reflect man’s thoughts and feelings， and are the
history of the human souls.
It is hard for me to determine what to read.Would you give me some
advice？
4. 如果你能描述一些具有各自特点的作品，那就更好了。
（description；feature）
5. 如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。（capable）
It would be better if you could give a description of some works with
respective features.
I would be grateful if you are capable of helping me.
第二步 组语篇——文从字顺，赏心悦目
I would like to recommend a book on foreign literature to help
students in our school broaden their horizons.Classic literary books reflect
man’s thoughts and feelings，and are the history of the human souls.It is
hard for me to determine what to read.Would you give me some advice？
It would be better if you could give a description of some works with
respective features.
I would be grateful if you are capable of helping me.
厚积薄发，下笔有神
亮
词 情感描写：sensitive； mean； generosity； confused
动作描写：devote oneself to； determine； awaken； destroy；
attempt； accomplish；draw on
美
句 ①A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.（环境描写）
②Behind every book is a man， behind the man is the race，and
behind the race are the natural and social environments.（排比句式）
③The fish was coming in on his circle now calm and beautiful looking
and only his great tail moving.（外貌描写）
④The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great
tail weaving in the air.（动作描写）
情感描写之“吃惊、惊讶”
词汇
单
词 ①shock n.震惊，打击；令人震惊的事 v.使震惊→shocked adj.惊愕
的，感到震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的
②astonish v.使吃惊，使惊讶→astonished adj.感到惊讶的；十
分惊奇的→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的→astonishment n.惊讶
③surprise n.意想不到（或突然）的事，令人惊奇的事；惊奇 v.使
惊奇→surprised adj.惊讶的→surprising adj.令人吃惊的→surprisingly adv.惊人地，出人意料地
④amaze v.使惊奇；使惊愕→amazed adj.惊愕的，惊异的→amazing adj.惊人的，了不起的；令人诧异的→amazement n.惊奇
词汇
词
块 ①to one’s shock/astonishment/surprise/amazement
令某人震惊/吃惊/惊异的是
②in astonishment/surprise/shock/amazement
吃惊地/震惊地/惊异地
③It amazes/astonishes me that ... 令我惊讶的是……
④What amazes/astonishes me most is ... 最让我吃惊的是……
⑤freeze/stand still＝stop dead＝be numb with shock惊呆了
美句
①（2025·苏州调研）“I ...I cannot believe this.Wol ...Wolfie saved my life，” Bob’s mother cried， still in shock from her near-death experience.
“我……我无法相信。沃……沃尔夫救了我的命，”鲍勃的母亲哭着说，她仍对刚才的九死一生感到震惊不已。（语言描写）
②Seeing the astonishing scene，he was thrown into astonishment.
看到这惊人的场面，他大吃一惊。（分词短语作状语）
美句
③Hearing the unexpected news，Mary was numb with shock， as if rooted to the ground.
听到这个意外的消息，Mary惊呆了，动弹不得。（状语从句的省略）
④Frozen/Speechless with shock，we approached and found the driver of the car was a six-year-old boy.
我们靠近，发现车子的司机是一个六岁男孩，都惊呆了/惊得
说不出话来。（形容词短语作状语）
情境导语 一天，简去歌剧院看她最喜欢的喜剧，既快乐又轻松，突
然……
第一步 完成句子
1. 一个震耳欲聋的声音从后面传到了她的耳朵里。
reached her ears from behind.（动词-ing形式作
定语）
A deafening sound
2. 她惊讶地瞥了一眼，看到一辆车撞倒了一位老人。
She ， seeing .
（surprise；场景描写）
3. 她走过去瞧个仔细，却突然震惊地停了下来。
She went over to look at it more carefully，
.（并列句；介词短语）
4. 她震惊地发现躺在地上的老人是她的爷爷。
She the old man lying on the ground was her
grandfather.
glanced with surprise
a car knock an old man over
but stopped in sudden
surprise
was shocked to find that
5. 她立即拨打120，爷爷得救了。
She called 120 instantly .
6. 虽然她错过了她最喜欢的喜剧片，但她救了爷爷，心理上感到
知足了。
， she saved her
grandfather and felt satisfied psychologically.（让步状语从句）
and her grandfather was saved
Although she missed her favourite comedy
第二步 连句成文
Suddenly，a deafening sound reached her ears from behind.She
glanced with surprise，seeing a car knock an old man over.Then she went
over to look at it more carefully， but stopped in sudden surprise.She was
shocked to find that the old man lying on the ground was her
grandfather.All at once， she called 120 instantly and her grandfather was
saved.Although she missed her favourite comedy， she saved her
grandfather and felt satisfied psychologically.
4
素养·培育落实
真题剖析，深度探究
（2024·全国甲卷）“I didn’t like the ending，” I said to
my favorite college professor.It was my junior year of
undergraduate， and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature.I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot， and I was heartbroken with the ending.Prof.Gracie， with all his patience， asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not.He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters， endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome.Of course， I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver， but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.
This was an ah-ha moment for me， and I never thought about
endings the same way again.From then on， if I wanted to read an ending
guaranteed to be happy， I’d pick up a love romance.If I wanted an
ending I couldn’t guess， I’d pick up a mystery （悬疑小说）.One
where I kind of knew what was going to happen， historical
fiction.Choosing what to read became easier.
But writing the end — that’s hard.It’s hard for writers because
endings carry so much weight with readers.You have to balance creating
an ending that’s unpredictable， but doesn’t seem to come from
nowhere， one that fits what’s right for the characters.
That’s why this issue （期） of Writer’s Digest aims to help you
figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing
you’re doing.If it’s short stories， Peter Mountford breaks down six
techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the
landing.Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to
see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your
work.
This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be — that’s up
to you and the story you’re telling — but it might provide what you need
to get there.
32. Why did the author go to Prof.Gracie？（ ）
A. To discuss a novel.
B. To submit a book report.
C. To argue for a writer.
D. To ask for a reading list.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段首句、第三句和第四句可知，作
者刚读完《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，她告诉教授自己不喜欢这部小说的
结尾，而教授让作者抛开个人喜好，好好思考一下这部小说，即作者
去找Gracie教授是为了讨论一部小说。
√
33. What did the author realize after seeing Prof.Gracie？（ ）
A. Writing is a matter of personal preferences.
B. Readers are often carried away by characters.
C. Each type of literature has its unique ending.
D. A story which begins well will end well.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段第二至四句可知，从那时起，如
果作者想读到幸福的结局，她就会选一部爱情小说。如果想要一个猜
不到的结局，她会选择悬疑小说。如果想要大概猜到故事的发展，她
会选择历史小说。由此推断，每一种文学类型都有其独特的结尾。
√
34. What is expected of a good ending？（ ）
A. It satisfies readers’ taste.
B. It fits with the story development.
C. It is usually positive.
D. It is open for imagination.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，结局不能是凭空
而来的，它需要适合角色。由此推断，好的结尾要符合故事的发展。
√
35. Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims？
（ ）
A. To give examples of great novelists.
B. To stress the theme of this issue.
C. To encourage writing for the magazine.
D. To recommend their new books.
√
解析： 目的意图题。倒数第二段首句提到这就是为什么本期《作
者文摘》旨在帮助你弄清楚如何为你正在写的任何一种文本写出最好
的结局。接着作者以Peter Mountford和Elizabeth Sims为例说明本期
《作者文摘》具体会介绍哪些技巧。由此可知，作者提及Peter
Mountford和Elizabeth Sims是为了强调本期杂志的主题。
（一）由文本积阅读词汇
1. literature n. 文学；著作
2. positive adj. 积极乐观的；建设性的
3. outcome n. 结果
4. guarantee v. 担保；提供（产品）保修单；确保
n. 保证；保修单
5. romance n. 爱情故事；爱情
6. technique n. 技巧；工艺
7. analyze v. 分析；分解
（二）由文本积主题词块
1. from then on 从那时起
2. pick up 挑选；拿起；捡起；取走；学会；
（身体）恢复，好转
3. kind of ＜口＞稍微，有点儿，有几分
4. historical fiction 历史小说
5. carry so much weight 相当有分量，十分有影响力
6. figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
7. break down 拆分，把……分为若干部分
8. stick the landing 完美收尾
（三）由文本知变式运用
1. 学习构词（派生词/合成词）
（1）ending n.（故事等的）结尾；结束；词尾 [end （v.）＋后缀-
ing]
（2）undergraduate n.本科生；（未获学士学位的）大学生 [前缀
under-＋graduate （n.）]
（3）independent adj.独立的；公正的；自立的 [前缀in-＋dependent
（adj.）]
（4）heartbroken adj.悲伤的，伤心的[heart（n.）＋broken
（adj.） ]
（5）traditionally adv.传统上 [traditional（adj.）＋后缀-ly]
（6）historical adj.（有关）历史的，史学的 [history （n.）＋后缀-
ical]
（7）unpredictable adj.无法预言的；不可预测的 [前缀un-＋
predictable （adj.）]
2. 近义替换（用文中词汇替换）
ensured＝ （第二段）
3. 熟词生义（文中生义）
（1）weight [熟义] n.重量，体重
→[生义] n. （第三段第二句）
（2）balance [熟义] n.平衡；余额；天平 v.使（在某物上）保持平衡
→[生义] v. （第三段第
三句）
guaranteed
重要性；影响力
同等重视（相对的两个事物或方面）
（四）由文本学靓丽表达
1. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot，
and （我为这个结局感到心碎）.
（情感描写）
2. That’s why this issue （期） of Writer’s Digest aims to help
you （想出如何写出最好的
结局） for whatever kind of writing you’re doing.（“疑问词＋动词不
定式”结构）
3. If it’s short stories， Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you
can try to see （哪一种能帮你
完美收尾）.（定语从句）
I was heartbroken with the ending
figure out how to write the best ending
which one helps you stick the landing
（五）由文本探析长难句
He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted
for the characters and endings that were right for the characters， endings
that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive
outcome.
分析：此处suggested后是 从句。宾语从句中介词短语
between ...and ...作difference的 ，前两个endings后是
从句，第三个endings后that引导的定语从句中含有一个even if引
导的 从句。
译文：
宾语
定语
定
语
让步状语
他建议我考虑一下我想要的角色的结局、适合角色的结
局以及那些满足故事的结局之间的区别，即使他们没有传统上的
积极结果。
5
技能·锤炼提升
统筹组合，全面训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
（2025·宿迁二模）I’m a layperson with a love of science who
occasionally reads science magazines.My approach was from an author’s
angle， spending months on research before writing a single word for Pig
Heart Boy.
So where did I get the idea？ Whenever I attend a school event， that
question is asked.The answer is simple.Back in the mid-1990s， I read a
newspaper article written by a doctor who guessed that we would
eventually have to turn to xenotransplantation （异种器官移植） as a
possible solution to the lack of human organ donors.It left my mind filled
with questions.What are the consequences？ Do we really have the right
to treat animals as mere organ sources for humans？ So I headed to my
nearest bookshop and bought all the books I could on heart transplants in
particular.
I’ve found questions are one of the best places to start from when
writing a novel.In my story Cameron， who needs a heart transplant，
knows he is unlikely to see his next birthday unless he receives one， but
he is a long way down the waiting list.When a genetically modified
（GM） pig’s heart is offered by a pioneering doctor， Cameron decides
to go for it —and his new heart completely changes his life in unexpected
ways.
Now some people think that the subject matter is not suitable for
children， criticizing the cruel and inhuman ways of xenotransplantation.I
completely disagree.As a children’s author， it never ceases to amaze
me how some adults underestimate what subject matter will interest and
stimulate children.I wanted to write a story that provided no right or
wrong answers， a story that would allow the reader to walk in
Cameron’s shoes for a while and think about what decisions they would
make and how they would react if they were faced with his situation.
Fictional stories that explore new ideas when it comes to STEM
（science， technology， engineering and mathematics） subjects also
have a part to play in enriching our children’s reading and
learning.Various studies have shown that reading fiction enhances our
children’s ability to grasp new concepts.Pig Heart Boy was my attempt
to incorporate science possible into a believable， thought-provoking （令
人深思的） story.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作者从异种器官移
植报道中获得灵感创作小说《猪心男孩》的故事。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作者从异种器官移
植报道中获得灵感创作小说《猪心男孩》的故事。
1. Where did the author get inspiration from to write Pig Heart Boy？
（ ）
A. A school event.
B. A news item.
C. Science magazines.
D. Books on heart transplants.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，作者写Pig Heart Boy
的灵感来自新闻。
√
2. What might be a major concern of those who disagree with Pig Heart
Boy？（ ）
A. Animal rights. B. GM technology.
C. Organ transplant risks. D. Organ shortage crisis.
√
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，有些人认为这个器
官移植的题材不适合儿童，是因为他们批评这种器官移植的残忍和不
人道的方式。由此可以推断出，这些人认为这些器官移植损害了其他
动物的权利。
3. What are the last two paragraphs of the text mainly about？（ ）
A. Ways of tapping children’s intelligence.
B. Potential application of fictional stories.
C. Supporting evidence for justifying the book.
D. Influence of fictional stories on STEM subjects.
解析： 段落大意题。根据最后两段内容可知，最后两段主要是讲
了支持这本书的证据。
√
4. What is Pig Heart Boy？（ ）
A. An author profile.
B. A science fiction novel.
C. A guidebook to xenotransplantation.
D. An essay on writing children’s literature.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可推知，这本书主要讲述了
需要心脏移植的主人公使用了猪的心脏，并且改变了他的命运。故
Pig Heart Boy是一部科幻小说。
√
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Pocket calendars are information planners that fit neatly into breast
pocket found on the inside of a suit jacket.5.（ ） The smaller size
makes it possible to easily carry the calendar in a jacket pocket，a purse，
or a computer bag or a briefcase without taking up much room.
The typical pocket calendar includes pages that are very similar to a
wall calendar.6.（ ） It also includes enough space to allow the user
to write in notes on each date.Some calendars of this type will cover a
total of fourteen months，making it possible to begin selling and using the
calendar at the end of one year and for the entire following calendar year.
Many pocket calendars also serve as a day planner，and include other
pages to record information such as phone numbers，and email
addresses.These handy pocket planners and calendars keep a great deal of
information in a small binding （装订）.7.（ ）
However，the arrival of digital technology has cut into the market for
pocket calendars somewhat.All the same functions can be handled with
calendar and planner software that are included in handheld devices such
as cellular phones，and in software included on laptop computers.8.
（ ） So this makes them more attractive to people with busy lives.
9. （ ） Card and stationary shops still routinely carry several
different brands and models of the pocket calendar.The diversity in
materials used to create various brands of the pocket calendar makes it
possible to purchase inexpensive types that are functional， or more
elaborate and costly versions.
A. A full month will be laid out on one or two pages.
B. This allows us to make room for what’s important.
C. There are countless applications for a Web calendar.
D. In appearance， a pocket calendar resembles a basic checkbook.
E. The pocket calendar still has no danger of disappearing any time soon.
F. This makes it easy to pull them out and enter new information when
needed.
G. These modern electronic options can hold more information than a
pocket calendar.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了袖珍日历的特点及未
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了袖珍日历的特点及未来。
5. D 空前一句描述了什么是袖珍日历，空后讲了袖珍日历有许多便
捷之处，故空处应承接上文，继续讲它的特征。D项（从外观上看，
袖珍日历类似于常见的支票簿）符合语境。
6. A 根据空后一句可知，日历还包括可以在每个日期下写笔记的空
间，和A项（一个完整的月份将被安排在一两页纸上）构成内容上的
承接。
7. F 根据空前一句可知，这种便利的记事簿和日历在小小的装订中
保持了大量的信息。F项（这使得在需要时可以很容易地将它们取出
并输入新信息）符合语境，与空前一句构成因果关系。
8. G 根据上文可知，本段在讲电子设备的优势。故G项（这些现代
电子选项可以容纳比袖珍日历更多的信息）符合语境。
9. E 根据下文可知，袖珍日历还依然存在。故E项（袖珍日历仍然
没有很快消失的危险）与下文构成内容上的承接关系，解释袖珍日历
仍在使用的现状。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是高中生李华，你校正在举行青少年模拟政协 （Model
CPPCC） 提案征集活动，其中一项提案是将中国传统节日重阳节
（The Double Ninth Festival） 设为国家法定假日 （national
holiday），请就该提案写一封信给模拟政协主席，内容包括：
（1）你是否支持此提案；
（2）你支持或反对此提案的理由。
注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右；
（2）请按如下格式作答。
Dear Chairman，
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Chairman，
I am writing to express my support for designating the Double Ninth
Festival as a national holiday in the Model CPPCC.
As a high school student， I believe this proposal carries substantial
cultural and social significance.The Double Ninth Festival symbolizes
respect for the elderly.By making it a national holiday， we can preserve
our cultural heritage.Moreover， recognizing the Double Ninth Festival as
In conclusion， I endorse this proposal.Thank you for considering
my viewpoint.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
a national holiday reinforces family values and devotion towards parents.It
provides an occasion for families to reunite， fostering stronger bonds and
social harmony.
演示完毕 感谢观看 !
