天津中考英语写作全攻略
一、考纲要求深度剖析
天津中考英语写作旨在综合考查同学们的语言运用能力,具体涵盖以下几个关键维度:
内容完整性:务必涵盖题目所给的全部要点,不能有任何遗漏,同时也不要随意添加与主题无关的内容。例如,要求描述一次校园活动,就应围绕活动的时间、地点、参与人员、活动过程和感受等要点展开。
语言准确性:语法正确是基础,包括动词的时态、语态,名词的单复数,形容词和副词的用法,以及各类从句的正确运用等。比如一般现在时用于描述经常发生的动作或存在的状态;一般过去时用于讲述过去发生的事情。同时,词汇拼写也要准确无误。
逻辑连贯性:行文要条理清晰,句与句、段与段之间过渡自然。合理使用连接词,像表达并列关系用and、as well as;递进关系用besides、moreover;转折关系用but、however;因果关系用so、therefore等,让文章层次分明。
表达多样性:避免重复使用相同的词汇和句型,适当运用高级词汇和复杂句式提升文章档次。例如,用“be beneficial to”替代“be good for”;用定语从句“ The book which I read yesterday is very interesting.”替代简单句“The book is very interesting. I read it yesterday.”
词数和格式规范:词数要求通常在80 - 100词,要严格把控,不宜过少或过多。不同体裁有相应的格式要求,如书信要有称呼、正文、结束语和署名;日记要有日期和星期等。
二、写作流程精细梳理
(一)认真审题,明确方向
拿到题目后,仔细研读题目要求、提示信息,确定文章的体裁(记叙文、议论文、说明文、书信、日记等 )、人称(第一人称I/we,第二人称you,第三人称he/she/they等)和时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等) 。比如,写一次过去的旅行经历,就用第一人称和一般过去时。
(二)构思提纲,搭建框架
在草稿纸上简单列出文章的结构框架,如开头、主体和结尾分别写什么内容。以介绍自己的爱好为例:
开头:引出爱好的话题,如“I have many hobbies, and my favorite one is reading.”
主体:具体描述喜欢阅读的原因,如“Reading can broaden my horizons and enrich my knowledge. I can learn about different cultures and historical events from books.”
结尾:总结对阅读的热爱,如“All in all, reading has become an important part of my life, and I will keep reading to explore more wonderful worlds.”
(三)丰富内容,连词成句
根据提纲,将要点扩展成完整的句子,注意运用正确的语法和词汇。可以多使用一些短语和固定搭配提升表达的丰富性。例如,表达“参加”,除了用“join”,还可以用“take part in”“participate in” ;表达“努力做某事”,用“make efforts to do sth.”“try one's best to do sth.” 。同时,适当运用复合句,如宾语从句“I think that reading is very interesting.” ;定语从句“The book which was written by Mo Yan is very popular.” ;状语从句“When I was young, I started to love reading.”
(四)检查修改,完美收官
完成初稿后,认真检查语法错误、拼写错误、标点符号使用是否正确,以及词数是否符合要求。重点检查容易出错的地方,如主谓一致、动词的形式等。比如,“He like playing basketball.”就存在主谓不一致的错误,应改为“He likes playing basketball.”
三、必背高分短语与句型
(一)常用短语大放送
表达“喜欢”:be fond of、be crazy about、have a preference for
表达“努力”:make great efforts、spare no effort
表达“重要”:be of great importance、play a significant role in
表达“结果”:as a result、result in、lead to
表达“首先”“其次”“最后”:first of all、in the first place;secondly、moreover、furthermore;last but not least
(二)高分句型全掌握
宾语从句:I believe that we can achieve our dreams if we work hard.(我相信只要我们努力,就能实现梦想。)
定语从句:The man who saved the girl is a hero.(救了那个女孩的人是个英雄。)
状语从句:Although it was raining heavily, we still went to school on time.(尽管雨下得很大,我们还是按时上学了。)
强调句:It was his encouragement that helped me overcome the difficulty.(正是他的鼓励帮助我克服了困难。)
倒装句:Only in this way can we solve the problem.(只有这样我们才能解决问题。)Not only does he like music, but also he can play the piano very well.(他不仅喜欢音乐,而且钢琴弹得很好。)
四、常考话题写作要点
(一)个人经历与感受
写作思路:按照时间顺序叙述事件的起因、经过和结果,重点描述自己在事件中的感受和从中获得的启示。
常用表达:“It was an unforgettable experience.”(那是一次难忘的经历。)“From this experience, I learned that...”(从这次经历中,我学到了……)
(二)校园生活
写作思路:可以介绍校园活动(如运动会、文艺演出、社团活动等)、师生关系、学习生活等方面。描述活动时要突出活动的特点和自己的参与感受;描述师生关系要体现老师的帮助和关爱,以及同学之间的友谊;描述学习生活可提及学习方法、困难与克服等。
常用表达:“Our school held a wonderful sports meeting last week.”(上周我们学校举办了一场精彩的运动会。)“My teachers always encourage me to face difficulties bravely.”(我的老师总是鼓励我勇敢面对困难。)
(三)社会热点
写作思路:先阐述热点话题的背景和现状,然后表达自己的观点和看法,可提出建议或措施。比如写关于环境保护的作文,可先描述环境问题的严重性,再提出如何从自身做起保护环境。
常用表达:“Nowadays, more and more people are concerned about...”(如今,越来越多的人关注……)“It's high time that we took action to...”(是我们采取行动……的时候了。)
(四)中国传统文化
写作思路:介绍传统文化的形式(如京剧、书法、剪纸、传统节日等)、特点和意义,可结合自己的经历讲述对传统文化的热爱和传承。
常用表达:“Chinese traditional culture has a long history and rich connotations.”(中国传统文化历史悠久,内涵丰富。)“I am proud of being a part of carrying forward Chinese traditional culture.”(我为自己能传承中国传统文化而自豪。)
五、中考真题示例与范文
(一)真题回顾
(2024年天津中考英语真题)假如你是李华,请根据以下提示,给你的笔友Peter用英文写一封邮件,向他讲述你班同学王红所做的一件好事,并谈谈感受。
(1)上周四,王红在回家途中看到一位上年纪的盲人在街角徘徊。
(2)王红与老人交流后,主动帮他过马路。
(3)路上的司机都停下车耐心等候。
(4)王红将老人带到马路对面并向他告别。
(1)词数:80 - 100个。
(2)开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
(3)要点齐全,行文连贯,可适当发挥。
Dear Peter,
It is two weeks since you wrote to me. I'm writing to tell you a story about my classmate Wang Hong.
Last Thursday, on her way home, Wang Hong saw an elderly blind man wandering on the street corner. After communicating with him, she offered to help him cross the road. All the drivers on the road stopped their cars and waited patiently. Finally, Wang Hong safely led the man to the other side and said goodbye to him.
I was deeply moved by Wang Hong's kindness. It shows that a small act of kindness can make a big difference to others. I hope more people can learn from her and spread love around us.
Best regards,
Li Hua
(二)范文亮点分析
要点完整:涵盖了题目中的所有要点,清晰地叙述了事件的经过。
语言丰富:使用了“wandering”“offered to”“safely”等高级词汇;运用了“After communicating with him”这样的状语结构,以及“I was deeply moved by...”“It shows that...”等句型。
逻辑连贯:通过“Last Thursday”“After...”“Finally”等词使事件叙述有条理,结尾表达感受自然流畅,升华了主题 。