期末复习 8B Unit 1-8 重难点及常考点知识点梳理
Unit 1 Past and present
知识点1:use n.用途; 使用能力; 运用头脑(或身体)的能力;
vt.用,使用; 行使,
【常用短语】①used to (do sth.) “过去常常(做某事)”
批注: 否定形式:didn’t use to / usedn’t to
②get/be used to(doing sth. )“习惯于(做某事)
【例句】He used to go fishing every Saturday. But since he changed his job, he’s barely(几乎不) had a chance. He thinks he’ll never be used to this busy lifestyle.
【拓展】useful adj. 有用的;useless adj. 无用的
知识点2:I first lived in the northern part of the town with my parents.(P8)
北 南 西 东 东南 东北 西南 西北
adj. northern southern western eastern southeastern northwestern northwestern northwestern
n . north south west east southeast northwest northwest northwest
【例句】Beijing is in the northern part of China.
批注:注意in the north与 in the northern part of 的同义句转换。
例如:Beijing is in the north of China.=Beijing is in the northern part of China.
知识点3:marry: vt.& vi.(使)结婚; 娶; 嫁; 结合; marry sb 与某人结婚 marry A to B 把A嫁给B
adj. married 已婚的; 短语:A and B get married /A get(s) married to B
n marriage 婚姻
【例句】Some young couples got married on that day.
知识点4: Now the river is much cleaner. (P9)现在河流干净了很多。
此处的much 用于修饰形容词比较级。类似的用法还有:much; still; even; far; a little; a bit; a lot;
【例句】--How do you feel today --Even worse.
知识点5:It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.(P9)对我们来说像以前一样的经常见面已经变得不可能了。
(1)此处的it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式 to see each other.
常用句型:It is +adj+ for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是怎样的。
【例句】It is dangerous for us to go out alone at night.
(2)as often as before 像以前一样的经常 as ... as 像一样。
知识点6:Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time. (P9)现在我经常会感到有点孤单。
(1)lonely: adj.孤独的,孤单的; 寂寞的; 荒凉的
【常用短语】feel lonely
【词汇拓展】alone adv. 单独,独自=by oneself=on one’s own
【例句】1.Our teacher asks us to finish the task alone.
=Our teacher asks us to finish the task by ourselves.
=Our teacher asks us to finish the task on our own.
2. My grandma lives alone, so she feels lonely sometimes.
(2)time: n 时间; 次数;时代(常用复数)
【常用短语】at the same time 同时 in time及时;适时 on time 按时,准时;按时
all the time 始终,一直 at a time 一次;每次;在某时
from time to time 不时,有时 for the first time 首次;第一次
知识点7:
Present perfect tense (现在完成时)
项目 内容 备注
概念 ◇表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。 Eddie has eaten my food. (Eddie ate the food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.) ◇表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在,并有可能继续延续下去的动作或状态。 Eddie has lived with Mille since he was born. Eddie has lived with Mille for four years.
构成 助动词has/have +动词的过去分词 动词过去分词规则变化跟对应的过去式一样,在后面加ed.特殊变化详见书本。(P122-123)
肯定形式 They have finished their homework. He has finished his homework. 缩略形式: they have=they’ve; he has=he’s
否定形式 They haven’t finished their homework. He hasn’t finished his homework.
疑问形式 Have they finished their homework Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.
关键词 already(用于肯定句), yet(用于否定句和疑问句), since+一点时间, for+一段时间, never, ever, three times(其它表示频率的词, once, twice等) before, recently, in the past/last few years, so far, this month, today, now ◇表示过去某一个动作的结果,现在情况依然存在。这时一般不用时间状语。 I have lost my pen. ◇包括现在时间在内的时间状语如today, this month, this week等有时也用现在完成时。
Unit 2 Travelling
知识点1: such det.& pron.
such意为“这样的(人或物)”,常用于以下结构:
such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数。
如:This is such a big house.这是一座如此大的房子。
such+adj.+可数名词复数。
如:They are such kind girls.她们是如此好心的女孩。
such+adj.+不可数名词。如:
It is such sad music.它是如此悲伤的音乐。
【辨析】so常用于以下结构:
so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数。
如:so clever a boy如此聪明的一个男孩
so+adj./adv.。
如:so clever如此聪明;so quickly如此迅速
so many/much/few/little+n.。
如:so many mistakes如此多的错误
知识点2:b现在完成时
(1)表示发生在过去的或已经完成得对现在仍有影响的动作
I have lost my key.我把钥匙丢了。(过去丢的,现在还没有找到)
I have already seen the film.我已经看过那部电影了。
---Have you found your lost key yet 你已经找到了你的钥匙了吗?
---No, I haven’t found it yet.不,我还没有找到。
批注:already, yet常和现在完成时连用。Already用于肯定句中,可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可放在句末。Yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”,用在否定句中表示“还”,常放在句末。
(2)表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,并持续到现在,也许还要持续下去,常和for, since,连用。表示持续的动作或状态多用延续性动词。
Mr. Zhang has taught English for 20 years.张老师已经教了20年英语了。
(3)几个副词在现在完成时中的用法
①just意为“刚刚”,表示动作刚刚结束,放在助动词与过去分词之间;
He has just come back from America
②ever意为“曾经”,用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词和过去分词之间;
Have you ever been to London 你去过伦敦吗?
批注:重点考点have been in+地点+时间段,表示“在/来某地多久”;have gone to+地点,表示“去了某地”。(人已走,尚未回。只用于第三人称。)have been to+地点,表示“去过某地”。(人已回)。
③never意为“从来没有”,常与before连用,多放在助动词与过去分词之间。
④before意为“以前”,指过去不确定的某个时候,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制。
I have never heard of this singer before. 我以前从未听说过这名歌星。
⑤since+时间点,for+时间段。
批注:总结现在完成时的时间状语ever、never、yet、already 、recently 、just、since 、for、so far、/during / in the past / last few days / weeks / months / years等。
(4)延续性动词和终止性动词的用法
①现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,而与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,非延续性动词不能和一段时间连用。
我离开家乡已有10年了。
误:I have left my hometown for 10 years.
正:I have been away from my hometown for 10 years.
②在否定句中,终止性动词可与一段时间连用。
③终止性动词与一段时间状语连用时可采用下列三种方法:
a.将终止性动词转化为延续性动词:come—be here;go—be there; die--be dead; borrow--keep; buy--have; join--be in(be a member);leave--be away等。
b.将时间状语改为过去时间,而用一般过去时代替现在完成时。
c.用句型“it is+一段时间+since从句(从句的用一般过去时)”表示。
终止性动词 延续性动词
buy have
borrow keep
open be open
close be closed
begin/start be on
come be here
go be there
finish be over
die be dead
catch a cold have a cold
put on wear
get up be up
wake up be awake
fall asleep be asleep
lose not have
join be in
leave be away
arrive/reach be
Unit 3 Online tours
知识点1: I agree. 我同意。
agree此处用作不及物动词,意为“同意”。
I don’t agree. 我不同意。
拓展
① agree on意为“在……方面取得一致意见”,主语必须指协调的双方或多方。
We agreed on the plan. 我们对这个计划看法相同。
② agree to+ 表示“提议、办法、计划”等的名词,意为“同意某事”。
He doesn't agree to the suggestion. 他不同意这个提议。
③ agree with sb.意为“同意/ 赞成某人的意见”。
He agreed with me. 他同意我的看法。
④ agree to do sth.意为“同意做某事”。
We agreed to start early. 我们同意早点儿动身。
⑤ agree + 宾语从句,意为“同意……”。
We agree that her answer is right. 我们同意她的答案是正确的。
知识点2: I usually use it to search for information. 我通常用它搜索信息。
use sth. to do sth.意为“使用某物做某事”,相当于use sth. for doing sth.。
They use the sun to heat water. = They use the sun for heating water. 他们用太阳来加热水。
You can use the knife to cut the cake. = You can use the knife for cutting the cake. 你可以用这把刀来切蛋糕。
拓展
be used for doing sth.或 be used to do sth.意为“被用来做某事”。
The knife is used for cutting things. = The knife is used to cut things. 这把刀子是用来切东西的。
知识点2: Have you noticed the “Tour” icon at the top of e page 你注意到网页顶端的“旅行”图 标了吗
notice 此处用作及物动词,意为“注意;注意到”。notice 后可接名词或代词,也可接从句。
Did you notice the man in black 你注意到那个穿黑衣服的男人了吗
He didn’t notice you when you passed by. 你走过时,他没有注意到你。
I noticed that you had made great progress. 我注意到你取得了很大的进步。
拓展 ① notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事
I noticed a man stealing something in the room. 我注意到有人在房间里偷东西。
② notice sb. do sth. 注意到某人做了某事
I noticed them come in. 我注意到他们进来了。
③ notice作名词,意为“通知;注意;察觉”。
There are just two notices this week. 本周只有两项通知。
知识点3: The website helps people buy tickets to different places.这个网站帮助人们购买去不同地方的票。
help sb.(to)do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”,help后作宾补的不定式带to或不带to均可,本结构与help sb. with sth.意思相同。
He often helps me(to)study English. = He of. ten helps me with my English. 他经常帮助我学英语。
拓展 ① help oneself to sth. 随便吃/喝某物
Help yourselves to some fish, children. 孩子们,随便吃些鱼吧。
② can’t help doing. 禁不住做……
She can’t help laughing. 她禁不住笑了。
知识点4: Yes, you can realize your dream by taking an online tour. 是的,你可以通过进行一次在线旅行实现你的梦想。
by taking an online tour意为“通过进行一次在线旅行”,by此处表示“通过……,靠……的方式”,后面常接动词-ing形式,表示“通过某种方式获得某种结果”。
My elder sister learns English by joining an English language club.
我姐姐通过加入英语语言俱乐部学习英语。
They raised some money by selling newspapers and Christmas cards.
他们通过卖报纸和圣诞卡筹集了一些钱。
拓展 “by+v -in”结构常用来回答how引起的询问方式的问句。
—How do you usually learn Chinese 你通常怎样学习汉语
—I learn Chinese by reading aloud. 我通过朗读学习汉语。
—How can I turn off the TV 我怎样才能关上电视
—By pressing the red button. 按那个红色的按钮。
知识点5: Would you mind showing me how to start this online tour 你介意给我演示一下怎样开始这次在线旋行吗
mind此处用作动词,意为“介意”,后面通常接名词、动名词或从句。“mind+ 物主代词或宾格 + doing sth.”意为“介意某人做某事”。
Do you mind turning down the music 你介意把音乐声关小一点儿吗
Would you mind my/me sitting beside you 你介意我坐在你的旁边吗
He didn't mind that other people misunderstood him. 他不介意别人误解他。
拓展 mind还可用作名词,意为“头脑,智慧,心思;记忆”。
change one’s mind 改变某人的主意 make up one’s mind 下定决心
keep...in mind 记住
知识点6: ordering meals 订餐
order此处用作及物动词,意为“订购;点(酒菜等)”。 order sb.sth.=order sth.for sb.意为“给某人订购某物;为某人叫某物”。
He ordered his son a new suit. = He ordered a new suit for his son. 他为儿子订购了一套新衣服。
I ordered a beer and a sandwich. 我要了一杯啤酒、一个三明治。
拓展 ① order作及物动词,意为“命令”。常用短语:order sb. to do sth. 意为“命令某人做某事”。
The boss ordered the man to finish the work in two hours.
老板命令那位男士在两个小时内完成工作。
② order作可数名词,意为“次序,命令”。
The words are all written in alphabetical order. 这些单词都是按照字母表的顺序写的。
He gave orders for the work to be started. 他下令开始工作。
辨析 order 与 book
两者都可表示“订购”,但订购的物品不同。
order,其宾语通常是饭菜、衣服、货物等,常与衣食有关。
Have you ordered your dinner 你点完餐了吗?
book,其宾语通常是宾馆、房间和车(船、飞机)票等,常与住行有关。
They booked all the rooms. 他们订下了所有的房间。
Unit 4 A good read
知识点1: Have you decided what to do with these books Hobo 霍波,你已决定怎样处理这些书了吗
(1)decide此处用作及物动词,意为“决定”,后跟名词、代词、动词不定式或从句等。
She decided to live in London. 她决定住在伦敦。
Let’s first decide where we should go. 咱们先决定应该去什么地方。
拓展 decide的名词形式是decision,意为“决定”。make a decision(to do sth.)意为“做决定(做某事)”。 You need to make a decision today. 你今天需要做决定。
(2)do with意为“处理;处置;对待”,常与疑问词 what 连用。
What did you do with those newspapers 你怎么处理那些报纸了
The new teacher didn’t know what to do with students. 那位新老师不知道如何对待学生。
拓展 do with的同义词组是deal with,但deal with常与疑问词how连用。
What will you do with those books = How will you deal with those books 你将怎样处理那些书
知识点2: as,when与while
此三者都可引导时间状语从句,但用法不同。
as,引导的从句中谓语动词可以是延续性动词,也可以是非延续性动词,主从句所述动作同时发生,意为“一边……一边……”。
As he looked, a man came near. 正当他看的时候,一名男子走上前来。
when,引导的从句中谓语动词可以是延续性动词,也可以是非延续性动词,主从句所述动作可同时发生,也可先后发生。
I went to bed when I finished my homework. 做完作业,我就去睡觉了。
while,引导的从句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词,多表示主从句动作同时发生,也可表示对比。
Please write while I read. 我读的时候请写一写。
知识点3: rise(rose,risen,rising)不及物动词,意为“(太阳、月亮、星星等)升起,上升”。
The water in the river rose after the heavy rain. 大雨过后,河里的水位上涨了。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。
拓展 rise by意为“上升了……”,rise to意为“上升到……”。
The water in the river has risen by 1 meter after the rain. 雨后河里的水涨了1米。
The price of the oil rose to seven yuan per litre. 油价上升到了每升7元。
辨析 rise与raise
rise,不及物动词,“上升”,指人或事物自身不借助外力起来、升高。
The temperature is rising. 温度在升高。
raise,及物动词,“上升,举起”,指人为地让物体升高。
He raised his hand and then put down. 他把手举起来然后又放下了。
知识点4: keep doing something 一直做某事
keep doing sth.意为“不断地做某事,一直做某事”,强调动作的延续性。
The boy kept crying. 那个男孩不停地哭。
拓展 ① keep on doing sth.意为“反复做某事”,强调动作的反复性。
Prices keep on increasing. 物价不停地上涨。
② keep sb.from doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”,其中介词from不能省略。
We should keep the farmers from cutting down many trees. 我们应当阻止农民砍伐很多树木。
③ keep及物动词,意为“保存,保管”。
How long can Ikeep the book 这本书我可以借多久
④ keep及物动词,意为“饲养,养活”。
My grandfather likes keeping pets. 我爷爷喜欢养宠物。
He keeps his family with his pay. 他靠他的工资养家糊口。
⑤ keep及物动词,意为“保持”,可用于复合宾语结构,其宾语补足语可以是介词、形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词等。
When you do eye exercises, you should keep your eyes closed.
做眼保健操的时候,你应当闭上眼睛。
You should keep your hair away from the fire. 你应该让你的头发远离火。
Don’tkeep him waiting so long. 别让他等太久。
知识点5: a great success 巨大的成功
success此处用作可数名词,意为“成功的人或事”;success也可作不可数名词,意为“成功”,其反义词为failure“失败”。
The meeting is a success. 会议开得很成功。
Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。
拓展 ① succeed用作不及物动词,意为“成功”, succeed in doing sth.意为“做某事成功了”。
He succeeded as a doctor. 作为一名医生,他很成功。
The people succeeded in climbing the mountain at last. 这些人最后成功地登上了山。
② successful形容词,意为“成功的”。
My uncle is a successful businessman. 我的叔叔是一位成功的商人。
③ successfully副词,意为“成功地”。
If you work hard,you will get it successfully. 如果你努力工作,你就会取得成功。
Unit 5 Good manners
知识点1: I’m afraid not. 恐怕不行。
afraid形容词,意为“害怕的,担心的”,在句中只能作表语,不能作定语。其主要用法如下:
①I’m afraid not.“恐怕不是”和I’m afraid so.“恐怕如此”,常用作简短答语。
—Are we late 我们迟到了吗。
—I’m afraid so. 恐怕是。
—Can you help me 你能帮助我吗
—I’m afraid not. 恐怕不行。
②be afraid of doing sth.意为“害怕做某事”。be afraid to do sth.意为“(因害怕而)不敢或没胆量做某事”。
Don’t be afraid of being laughed at while you are learning to speak English.
当你在学习讲英语时,不要害怕被别人笑话。
The little girl is afraid to go near the monkey. 这个小女孩不敢走近那只猴子。
③be afraid of sb./sth.意为“害怕某人/某物”;“be afraid+that从句“意为“担心……”。
She is afraid of snakes. 她怕蛇。
She is afraid that she will fail. 她担心她会失败。
知识点2: Keep us safe from danger 保护我们安全免受危险
keep sb. from sth.意为“保护某人免受……;阻止某人……”。
Sunglasses can keep eyes from the sun. 太阳镜能使眼睛免受阳光照晒。
The heavy rain kept us from going out. 大雨使我们不能外出。
拓展 stop...from doing...,prevent...from doing...与keep...from doing...都有“阻止……做……”之意,三者同义。
No one can stop/prevent/keep us from creating wonders. 没有人能阻止我们创造奇迹。
知识点3: Warn us not to do something 警告我们不要做某事
warn及物动词,意为“警告,告诫”,warn sb.意为“警告/告诫某人”。
It’s dangerous to cross the road. Please warn the students. 横穿马路很危险。请告诚学生们。
He shouted to warn me. 他大喊着向我发出警告。
拓展 ① warn sb.(not)to do sth.意为“警告某人(不要)做某事”。
He warned me to stay away from those people. 他告诫我离那些人远点。
We warned him not to play with fire. 我们警告他不要玩火。
② warn sb.of/about sth.意为“警告某人某事;提醒某人注意某事”。
The police warned the children of/about the danger. 警察提醒孩子们注意危险。
③ war sb. against doing sth.意为“警告/告诫某人不要做某事”。
The doctor warned my father against smoking. 医生告诫我父亲不要吸烟。
知识点4: 辨析 sometime,some time,sometimes与some times
sometime,(在)某时,表示一个过去或将来不确定的时间点,用when提问。
some time,一段时间,表示时间段,用how long提问。
sometimes,有时,表示频率,用how often提问。
some times,几次,几倍,表示次数或倍数,用how many times提问。
I’ll visit the Great Wall sometime this year. 今年某个时候我要去游览长城。
I’ll live here for some time. 我将在这里住一段时间。
Sometimes I have lunch at school. 有时,我在学校吃午饭。
I’ve been to the museum some times. 我去过那个博物馆几次。
知识点5: above all,first of all与after all
above all,首先,首要的是。强调需特别对待,类似于especially。
first of all,首先,开始,第一。表示次序,相当于at first。
after all,毕竟,终究,到底。表示一种让步语气。
Above all, make sure you keep in touch. 首要的是,你们一定要保持联系。
First of all, cut the apples up. 首先,把苹果切碎。
He is a child after all. 他毕竟是个孩子。
Unit 6 Sunshine for all
知识点1: I’m training to be a volunteer for the Olympic Games.我在训练成为一名奥林匹克运动会的志愿者。
train此处用作不及物动词,意为“接受训练;培训,训练”。
He is training to be a doctor. 他正在接受医生培训。
My friends often help me train. 我的朋友经常帮我训练。
Tom is training on the playground. 汤姆正在操场上训练。
拓展 ① train还可用作及物动词,意为“训练,培训”。
We should train students to form good habits. 我们应该训练学生养成好的习惯。
② train还可用作可数名词,意为“火车”。
I’ll go there by train. 我将乘火车去那里。
③ training不可数名词,意为“训练”。
Before work, we should receive training. 工作前,我们应接受训练。
知识点2: Will you support me, Eddie 你会支持我吗,埃迪
support此处用作及物动词,意为“支持”。support sb. in(doing)sth.“在(做)某事上支持某人”
We support you, Lily. 莉莉,我们支持你。
I don’t support his opinion. 我不支持他的看法。
We support our teachers in their efforts to raise teaching standards.
我们支持我们的教师为提高教学水平所做的努力。
拓展 ① support 还可用作不可数名词,意为“支持,拥护”。
He needs our support. 他需要我们的支持。
② supporter可数名词,意为“支持者,拥护者”。
He has many supporters. 他有很多拥护者。
知识点3: 辨析 can与be able to
can 能,会。只是一般的能力,指“有能力做某事”,只用于一般现在时(can)和一般过去时(could)
可以。用来表示请求、允许;be able to则不能。
可能,用来推测,表示可能性,常用于否定句中。
be able to 强调具体事件中有能力,指“经过努力而成功地做某事”,可用于各种时态;不能与can连用;不能表示可能性的推测。
The boy can skate. = The boy is able to skate. 这个男孩会滑冰。
Can I come in 我可以进来吗
The man can’t be Mr Green. He has gone to America. 那个人不可能是格林先生,他去美国了。
I think you will be able to drive a car next month. 我想你下个月就能开车了。
拓展 当表示过去和现在的“能力”时,can与beable to可互换。
Tony could read newspapers when he was seven. = Tony was able to read newspapers when he was seven. 托尼7岁时就会读报纸了。
知识点4: I need some more food to eat at work. 我工作时需要再多吃一些食物。
need此处用作及物动词,意为“需要;需求”,后可接名词、代词或动词不定式或v. - ing作宾语。
当接动词不定式作宾语时表示主动意义;当接v. - ing作宾语时表示被动意义。
She needs some paper to write on. 她需要些纸写东西。
Do you need anything interesting to read 你需要读一些有趣的东西吗
I don’t need to go shopping. 我不需要去购物。(“我”去购物)
The door needs repairing. 这门需要修理了。(“门”应被“修”)
拓展 ① need还可用作情态动词,意为“需要”,没有人称和数的变化,常用于疑问句和否定句中。变疑问句时直接把need提前,变否定句时用need not或needn’t,后接动词原形。
Need I hand in my homework now 我现在需要交家庭作业吗
Weneedn’tpay for the drinks.They are free. 我们不需要为饮料付款。它们是免费的。
② need还可用作名词,意为“需要;需求”。
We have no need to be afraid of them. 我们不必怕他们。
A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难中的朋友,才是真正的朋友。
知识点5: They can provide special places for homeless people to stay. 他们可以为无家可归的人提供特别的地方居住。
provide sth. for sb.意为“为某人提供某物”,与provide sb. with sth.同义。
They often provide food for hungry children. = They often provide hungry children with food.
他们经常为饥饿的孩子们提供食物。
辨析 provide与offer
两者都有“提供;供给”之意,但在用法上有所不同。
provide 指有远见,为应付意外、紧急情况等作好充分准备而“供给;提供”,常用结构为provide sb.with sth.或provide sth.for sb.,意为“为某人提供某物”。
Our school provides good food for the students. 我们学校为学生提供好的伙食。
offer 侧重于“愿意给予”,常用结构为offer sb. sth,或offer sth. to sb.,意为“为某人提供某物”;还可用于结构offer to do sth.中,表示“愿意做某事”,但其后不能接宾语从句。
The kind man offered the old man some money. 这个好心人给了那位老人一些钱。
He offers to help the poor students. 他愿意帮助贫穷的学生。
知识点6: Liu Ming did not know what to expect when he volunteered for the Special Olympics World Summer Games in Shanghai, back in October 2007. 当刘明准备为2007年10月在上海举行的夏季特奥会做志愿者时,他不知道能期待什么。
expect及物动词,意为“期待,指望,预料”。
What do you expect me to do 你期望我做什么
I expect that he will pass the exam. 我期望他通过考试。
辨析 expect,hope与look forward to
expect,指期待、盼望某事的发生,感彩强烈。其后可接名词、动词不定式或从句作宾语,也可以接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
hope,“希望”,表示对意愿的实现抱有一定的信心,这种希望往往可以实现。其后可接名词、动词不定式或从句作宾语,但不能接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
look forward to,有主观上以愉快的心情“盼望,期待”之意。其中to为介词,其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
I expect to meet my good friend in Paris. 我期待在巴黎见到我的好朋友。
Ellen hopes that her father can come to the meeting. 埃伦希望她父亲能来开会。
He is looking forward to Children’s Day. 他在盼望着儿童节的来临。
知识点7: It’s great for us to work closely with these special athletes. 对我们来说,能和这些特殊运动员们近距离共事真的很棒。
closely副词,意为“密切地”,常在句中作状语。
The teacher noticed that student closely. 老师密切地关注着那个学生。
辨析 closely,close与closed
closely 副词,密切地。表示抽象性的“接近”。
close 副词,不远,接近地。表示场所、位置的“接近”。
形容词,邻近的,亲密的。表示位置、关系的“近”。
动词,关,闭。
closed 形容词,关着的,闭着的。
This problem is closely connected with that one. 这个问题与那个问题密切相关。
His father lives quite close by. 他父亲住得很近。
My close friend’s house is close to the school. 我挚友的家紧邻学校。
—Jim, close the door, please! 吉姆,请把门关上!
—The door is closed now. 门现已关上了。
知识点8: Do you have any trouble talking to people with intellectual disabilities 你和有智力缺陷的人交谈很费力吗
have trouble(in)doing sth.意为“做某事费力(或有麻烦)”。have trouble with sth.意为“在某事上有麻烦”。 I have some trouble(in)working out the problem. 我在解这道题时有点费劲。
The girl has trouble with her study. 这个女孩在学习上费力。
拓展 ① trouble不可数名词,前面可用 no,much,some,a little,little 等词修饰,介词in通常省略。
He has no trouble learning English. 他学英语毫不费力。
② 和have trouble doing sth.类似的短语还有:
have difficulty doing sth. 做某事有困难
have problems doing sth. 做某事有问题
have fun doing sth. = have a great time doing sth. 做某事很开心
③ 与trouble有关的短语:
get out of trouble 摆脱困境 get into trouble 陷入困境
in trouble 处于困境中 make trouble 制造麻烦
ask for trouble 自找麻烦
Unit 7 International charities
知识点1: You have some pocket money left. 你还剩下一些零花钱。
left此处是leave的过去分词,意为“剩余的”。
At the end of the party, we had some food left. 聚会结束的时候,我们还剩下些食物。
拓展 ① left还可用作名词,意为“左边”。
The girl on the left is Lily. 左边的那个女孩是莉莉。
② left用作副词,意为“向左”。
You can turn left at the second crossing. 你可以在第二个十字路口向左拐。
③ left用作形容词,意为“左边的”。
The post office is on the left side of the street. 邮局在街道的左侧。
知识点2: It helps build a better world for everyone, especially children all over the world. 它帮助为每一个人建立一个更好的世界,特别是世界各地的孩子。
especially副词,意为“特别,尤其”,修饰动词、形容词或整个句子;especial为其形容词形式,意为“特别的,特殊的”。
I am especially busy on weekends. 我在周末特别忙。
This is an especial day. 这是一个特别的日子。
辨析 especially与specially
二者都是副词,都可意为“特别”,但在用法上有所不同。
especially通常用来对前面所述的事件进行进一步的说明或补充,意为“尤其,特别”。
He likes all subjects,especially math. 他喜欢所有的学科,尤其是数学。
specially表示“不是为了别的,而只是为了……”,强调目的的唯一性,意为“特地,专门地”。
He came here specially to sing the song. 他特意来这里唱这首歌。
知识点3: It also works to prevent the spread of some serious diseases, like AIDS, among young people. 它也可以防止一些严重疾病在年轻人中蔓延,像艾滋病。
(1)prevent及物动词,意为“阻止,预防”。常用结构prevent sb.(from)doing sth.意为“防止某人做某事”。
They tried their best to prevent the war. 他们极力阻止战争。
Can you prevent him from going 你能阻止他去吗
(2)spread此处用作名词,意为“扩散;分布;展开”。the spread of.意为“……的扩散”。
We must prevent the spread of this kind of illness. 我们必须阻止这种疾病的蔓延。
You should realize the importance of the spread of education. 你应该意识到教育普及的重要性。
拓展 spread(spread,spread)既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,意为“展开;传播;散布”。
He spread the map. 他展开了地图。
The news was spread quickly. 这个消息很快被传播开来。
知识点4: The plane is also used as a training centre. 飞机也被用作培训中心。
be used as...意为“被用作……”,后接工具、方式、手段等内容。
English is used as a second language in many countries. 在许多国家,英语被用作第二语言。
拓展 ① be used for...意为“被用来……”,后接用途。
A knife is used for cutting things. 小刀是用来切割东西的。
② be used by...意为“被……使用”,后接使用者。
Chinese is used by more and more foreigners. 汉语被越来越多的外国人使用。
③ be used in...意为“被用于……方面”。
I hope that the money is used in medical research. 我希望这些钱被用于医学研究方面。
知识点5: I’m proud to help people see again and improve their lives. 我为帮助人们重见光明而且改 善他们的生活而自豪。
proud形容词,意为“自豪的,骄傲的”。常见短语如下:
be proud to do sth.意为“以做某事而自豪”。
All the players are proud to play for their motherland. 所有的运动员都以为他们的祖国比赛而自豪。
(2)be proud of.意为“为……而自豪”。
They are proud of their son. 他们为他们的儿子而自豪。
(3)“be proud that + 从句”意为“……很自豪……”。
I am proud that I have finished the work successfully. 我很自豪,我已经成功地完成了工作。
拓展 take pride in...与be proud of...同义,也意为“为……而自豪”。
Do you take pride in your job 你对你的工作有自豪感吗
知识点6: You’ll be all right in a few days. 几天后你就会好的。
in a few days意为“几天后”。“in+一段时间”意为“一段时间以后”,所在的句子用含有will 的一般将来时。对“in+一段时间”提问,应该用how soon,意为“多久”。
I will go to school in a few days. 几天后我将去上学。
There will be more trees in five years. 五年后,将会有更多的树。
—How soon will he come back 他将在多久后回来
—In ten days. 十天后。
拓展 “after+一段时间”也意为“一段时间以后”,相当于“一段时间 + later”,但是这两个固定短语 常用于一般过去时,对其提问用when。
They left the village after three days. 三天后,他们离开了这个村子。
Unit 8 A green world
知识点1: reduce /r dju s/ vi. & vt. 减少;降低
近义词:decrease减少 反义词:increase增加;raise提高
reduce sth by 减少了……
例句:We reduced waste by 50%. 我们减少了 50% 的浪费。
reduce to 减少到……
例句: The population has reduced to 500.人口已减少到 500 人。
知识点2: allow / la / vt. 允许
allowance n. 津贴——allowed adj. 允许的
反义词:forbid禁止
结构 是否正确 含义
allow sb to do sth. 正确 允许某人去做某事(主动语态)
例句:The teacher allowed us to leave early. 老师允许我们提前离开。
be allowed to do sth. 正确 被允许做某事(被动语态)
例句:Students are allowed to use calculators in the exam.学生被允许在考试中使用计算器。
allow doing sth. 正确 允许做某事
例句:This hotel does not allow smoking in the rooms.这家酒店不允许在房间内吸烟。
allow sb doing sth 错误 无此用法(英语中不存在这种结构)
知识点3: harm /hɑ m/ vt. 伤害;损害 n.伤害,危害
harmful adj. 有害的——harmless adj. 无害的
近义词:damage损害;hurt伤害
反义词:protect保护
(n.) do harm to 对…… 有害
例句:Smoking does harm to health. 吸烟有害健康。
(v.) harm sb/sth 伤害某人 / 某物
例句:Loud noise can harm our ears. 噪音会伤害我们的耳朵。
(adj.) be harmful to 对…… 有害
例句:Junk food is harmful to children’s health. 垃圾食品对儿童健康有害。
知识点4: do with 处理(常与 how 搭配)
短语 do with(侧重 “处理内容”) deal with(侧重 “处理方式 / 过程”)
含义 与…… 有关;如何处理(某事物) 处理、应对;解决(问题 / 人 / 情况)
搭配 与疑问词 what 连用(what to do with) 与疑问词 how 连用(how to deal with)
例句 What should I do with this old book 这本书该怎么处理? How do you deal with stress 你如何应对压力?
知识点5: … so that … 为了…(引导目的状语从句)=in order that
短语结构 so...that(结果状语从句) so that(目的状语从句)
含义 描述因程度过深而导致的结果(客观结果) 表达 为了达成某种目的而做某事(主观目的)
结构 so + 形容词 / 副词 + that + 结果句 so that + 目的句
例句 She was so tired that she fell asleep at once. 她太累了,以至于立刻睡着了。 She worked hard so that she could pass the exam. 她努力学习,为了通过考试。
与其他连词的替换
so...that = such...that(such 后接名词):
例:It’s so hot that we stay inside. = It’s such hot weather that we stay inside.
特殊情况:当名词前有 many/much/few/little 时用 so...that
so that = in order that(更正式):
例:He practices every day in order that he may win the competition.