UNIT 4 Protecting our heritage sites
Ⅰ.阅读理解
First constructed in the 10th century as a part of a villa，the garden of Keyuan in Suzhou，Jiangsu Province was rebuilt and redecorated on numerous occasions throughout history until it became a Confucian academy in 1805.The waterscape， rockeries and flourishing willows may have greeted students to step into a “painting” where earthly beauty and dynamics of a real world can be felt.
However， in recent history， the shine of the past seems to have been forgotten by the passing of time.The pond was muddy.Rocks were unstable.Plants were withering.Termites also damaged the buildings， the structure of which had been damaged through decades of neglect.The contrast became even more regrettable when the Great Wave Pavilion，a garden on the UNESCO World Heritage List that is just a few meters away across a narrow lane，was crowded with tourists every day.
When Keyuan was handed to He Fengchun， an experienced garden renovation designer， in 2012， her work to make “the pearl” shine again was challenging.“Every step in the restoring and decorating process has to follow historical recordings，” says the designer.“It took just more than one year for us to actually renovate this garden，but much longer time was spent in evaluating every detail in the plan and making sure of its historical accuracy，” she says.
Renovation of Keyuan was recognized with an Asia-Pacific Award for Cultural Heritage Conservation by UNESCO in 2019.A bright and elegant garden is now accessible to visitors and jointly describes a culturally rich neighborhood with the Great Wave Pavilion.
And now，to keep healthy，it also needs regular maintenance，in which modern science plays a key role.For example，with support of big data analysis and scientific evaluation of impact brought by tourism， the largest numbers of visitors — within a day or even an hour — are set for every key site to create a comfortable experience for both tourists and the gardens.
1.What do the underlined words “the pearl” in Paragraph 3 refer to？（ ）
A.Keyuan. B.The UNESCO World Heritage.
C.Renovation of Keyuan. D.The Great Wave Pavilion.
2.What does the designer say about renovating Keyuan？（ ）
A.It’s practical. B.It’s significant.
C.It’s time-consuming. D.It’s urgently needed.
3.What does the author want to tell us by the example in the last paragraph？（ ）
A.The need to limit the number of visitors.
B.The negative impact tourism has on gardens.
C.The comfortable experience gardens give visitors.
D.The role modern science plays in protecting gardens.
4.What is the most suitable title for the text？（ ）
A.The Process of Repairing Keyuan B.Beauty of Classical Suzhou Gardens
C.The Shining of the Garden of Keyuan Again D.Classical Gardens of World Cultural Heritage
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My political career in the Students’ Union （SU） began by throwing frisbees （飞盘） on the campus lawn.I would throw a frisbee to someone I didn’t know and they would throw it to someone they didn’t know.Before long， we had built a community of people who met every day at lunch to throw frisbees.
Besides frisbees， the group decided to climb the mountain near our campus.When we reached the peak， it felt like we were at summer camp.We laughed， danced and told jokes.It was totally fun.While playing like little children in the cool mountain air， we all decided to do it again the following week.Our motto （座右铭） was “Bring a Friend”.We started out with a small group of hikers.But as the word spread， the number of participants increased.We made it a rule to climb the mountain every weekend.All of us were passionate about the fantastic experience， which we were looking forward to.
One day on campus， I decided to throw my frisbee to some strangers， run over and invite them to climb the mountain.Much to my surprise， a girl sitting in a wheelchair got hold of it.Her name was Grace.I asked her if she had ever been to the top of the mountain.She said she hadn’t.Holding the wheelchair tightly， she hung down her head in awkward silence.Then she told me that she had suffered from lung disease when she was young and depended on oxygen twenty-four hours a day.So， it was impossible for her to move without help.Fortunately， things got better.
With continuous efforts and treatment， she managed to live on her own with the assistance of the wheelchair： I told her that my friends and I would carry her if she were up for it.On hearing what I said， she refused without hesitation， adding that it would be a bother to carry her.But I tried my best to persuade her to come along with us by talking about the interesting experiences.
注意：1.续写词数应为 150 个左右；2.请按如下格式作答。
Having thought for a while， Grace still refused my offer.
On the downhill path， Grace asked me why not run for the SU election.
UNIT 4 Protecting our heritage sites
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了苏州可园的历史以及修缮和维护工作。
1.A 词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句中的When Keyuan was handed to He Fengchun可知，此处是指贺风春的工作是让可园重新闪耀。所以the pearl指可园。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中设计师说的It took just more than one year for us to actually renovate this garden，but much longer time was spent in evaluating every detail in the plan and making sure of its historical accuracy可知，设计师认为修缮可园是耗时的。
3.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的And now，to keep healthy，it also needs regular maintenance， in which modern science plays a key role.可知，作者想通过最后一段的例子告诉我们现代科学在保护园林中的作用。
4.C 标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第三段第一句和第四段内容可知，可园的修缮工程让可园再次闪耀。因此，C项（可园的再次闪耀）最适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.
Having thought for a while， Grace still refused my offer. Looking at her depressed and embarrassed expression， I didn’t want to quit persuading her.I showed her some pictures that were taken during our trip.She smiled， her eyes sparkling with excitement.Ultimately， I made it.On that appointed day， I， together with several friends， offered continuous assistance to her.With our joint efforts， we made it to the top of the mountain and admired the fantastic scenery.A sense of excitement took hold of her， tears rolling down her cheeks like broken pearls.She was so grateful to us and we became close friends.
On the downhill path， Grace asked me why not run for the SU election. However， I didn’t have enough courage to run for it.Knowing I was in a dilemma， Grace had a sincere communication with me.“So kind and friendly are you that you helped me to enjoy the beautiful scenery and plan the weekend activity carefully.I am firmly convinced that you are capable of the work in the SU，” she said in a gentle voice.Inspired by her encouragement， I made a resolution to have a try.Having made full preparations， I was chosen chairman of the SU， which was beyond my expectations.Indeed， it is the mutual trust and help between friends that do make a great difference to us.
2 / 2Part Ⅰ 一维重点突破
In the last 30 years， many animals have died out because many wildlife reserves were destroyed.Thus， many new viruses have emerged recently.Some new diseases are even ruining people’s health.Moreover， normal work and life are being interrupted.If so， it is particularly significant to take effective measures to preserve the endangered animals.Try to keep any conflict between mankind and animals to a minimum. Only in this way can we live in harmony with animals on the Earth. 微技能热身 1.①处it是 。 2.②处take measures to do sth意为“ ”，此短语还可表达为 。 3.句③中“only＋状语”放在句首引起 ，意为“ ”，这句话经常出现在环保方面的写作中。
reserve n.自然保护区；储备 vt.预订；预留；保留
【练通】 完成句子
①We have some funds emergencies.
我们有一些备用资金以应对紧急情况。
②I at the restaurant.
我在餐厅预订了一张两人用餐的桌子。
【写美】 翻译句子
③这些座位是留给老年人和残疾人的。
【归纳】
（1）reserve sth for sb/sth 为某人/某物预约/保留某物
be reserved for 留作，（专）供……之用
in reserve 储备；备用
（2）reservation n. 预订，预约；保留意见
without reservation 无保留地，无条件地
make a reservation 预订（房间、票）；预约
【佳句】 （人教必修二）The reserve is a shelter for the animals and plants of northwestern Xizang.
该保护区是西藏西北部动植物的庇护所。
ruin vt.破坏，毁坏；使破产，毁灭 n.毁坏，毁灭；破产；残垣断壁
【练通】 单句语法填空
①She went through a period of confusion after her company fell ruin.
【写美】 句式升级
②The constant rain caused serious floods， which left many houses lying in ruins.
→The constant rain caused serious floods， .（动词-ing形式作状语）
【归纳】
（1）ruin one’s health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉
（2）in ruins 毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪
lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
fall/go/come into/to ruin 毁灭；败落
【佳句】 Its once-great cities fell into ruin， leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.
曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。
interrupt vt.打扰，插嘴；使暂停，使中断 vi.打扰，插嘴
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（人教选必二）Chen Wei， a high school student in Beijing， had his dinner （interrupt） when he heard someone screaming from another table.
②The sudden （interrupt） stopped Justin in mid-sentence and made him annoyed.
【写美】 完成句子
③She has kept up physical training for several years .
她连续几年坚持体育锻炼，从未间断过。
【归纳】
（1）be interrupted by 被……打断/阻断
（2）interruption n. 打断；打岔；中止
without interruption 连续地；不断地
an interruption to the power supply 停电
【佳句】 Saying “sorry” if we interrupt or disagree with someone also helps us to be polite.
如果我们打断别人说话或不同意别人的意见时说“对不起”也有助于我们做到有礼貌。
preserve vt.维护，保护，保存；维持 n.保护区
【练通】 单句语法填空
①Penicillin has played an important role in preserving wounds infection and subsequently saves millions of lives.
②Well before the arrival of freezers， there was a demand for ice for food （preserve） and catering.
【写美】 完成句子
③It is our duty to preserve the oceans . （倡议书）
保护海洋免受污染是我们的责任。
【归纳】
（1）preserve sb/sth from/against 保护某人/某物免受……
preserve sth＋形容词 把某物保存得……
well preserved 保护得很好
nature preserve 自然保护区
（2）preservation n. 保护，保存
【佳句】 Wherever I go in the future，I’ll make great efforts to preserve and enrich our own traditional culture. （传统文化）
将来无论我去哪里，我都会努力保护并丰富我们自己的传统文化。
conflict n.（军事）冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致 vi.冲突，抵触
【练通】 单句语法填空
①However， as the school year progressed， Marissa’s outgoing personality began to conflict my reserved nature.
②John often came conflict with his boss in public， so he was fired.
③The new policy is conflict with the interests of some employees.
【写美】 完成句子
④ ， and my own journey has been no exception.
冲突是校园生活中不可避免的一部分，我自己的经历也不例外。
【归纳】
（1）come into conflict with 与……争执/冲突
in conflict 处于矛盾中
in conflict with 与……冲突
resolve the conflict 解决冲突
conflict of interest 利益冲突
avoid conflict 避免冲突
（2）conflict with 与……抵触/冲突
【佳句】 She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.
她发现自己在将来就业问题上与父母存在着分歧。
if引导的条件状语从句的省略
If so， you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind. 如果是这样，你们也许已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织正在竭力保护对人类具有文化和自然重要性的遗址。
【写美】 用if省略结构完成句子
①The climate here is quite pleasant， the temperature rarely， ， reaching 30 ℃ in summer.
这里的气候十分宜人，夏天温度极少达到30摄氏度，甚至从未达到过。
②Wash it in water and pick out the small particles， .
在水里洗一下，如果有小颗粒的话挑出来。
③Work hard to pursue your dream. ， you will regret sooner or later.
努力去追求你的梦想。否则，你迟早会后悔的。
【归纳】
if构成的常见省略结构：
if so如果是这样的话
if not如果不这样的话；如果没有
if ever如果有过/发生过的话
if any如果有的话
if possible如果有可能；如果可能的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
if anything如果有什么不同的话
【佳句】 Are you ready？ If so， let’s set off at once.
你准备好了吗？如果准备好了，我们马上动身吧。
Part Ⅱ 二维微点练全
维度一 阅读词汇清障——一词多义/熟词生义
1.collapse
A.vi.倒塌，坍塌 B.vi.昏倒 C.vi.崩溃
（1）Hearing the bad news， she collapsed in the middle of the street.
（2）The roof of the cave collapsed， blocking the entrance.
（3）The medical system is facing collapse because of lots of key doctors’ leaving.
2.词义猜测
（1）The police pursued the man who had stolen a woman’s bag.
（2）Under these laws， he said later， Mr Rice’s assets could have been frozen.
（3）Submit a topic proposal to your history teacher.The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is off-topic or unclear.
维度二 写作词汇夯实——词形转换/动词形式变化/固定搭配
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.（2025·邵阳联考） “I need your help now，” a nurse in ER said （urgent）.
2.（2025·南京考前试题） Through the top virtual reality technology， visitors are able to travel back to the mysterious Egyptian （civilize） 4，500 years ago through a 45-minute digital experience.
3.The teacher’s （assess） of the students’ performances were fair and detailed.
4. （cooperate） between different departments is essential for the success of the project.
5.The storm hit the coast （violent）， causing extensive damage.
6.She wore a beautiful （wool） scarf to keep warm in the cold weather.
7.While the government has issued a ban plastic bags， people are still using large quantities of them.
8.Conflicts others are common in everyday life，but we should settle them in a peaceful way.
9.In the past， I frequently submitted myself difficulties but now I can spare no effort to handle them.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1.Protecting the environment is （共同的责任） of all human beings.
2. （在危急时刻）， people should support each other.
3.We should （提高环保意识） among the public.
4.After months of hard work， the project （开始有了雏形）.
5.The earthquake （造成了巨大破坏） to the city.
6.We should （保护自然生态免受破坏）.
Part Ⅲ 三维写作提能
宣传稿——文化遗产保护
第一步 练单句——词句优美，吸引眼球
1.为保护家乡的文化遗产，我们镇成立了遗产保护俱乐部。（preserve；heritage）
2.我们这些志愿者积极参与文物保护，跟着专家鉴定文物并拍照。（specialist；动词-ing形式作状语）
3.通过分享照片，我们提高了人们对遗产评估和保护的意识。（assess；aware）
4.我们还筹集了许多资金，用来帮助防止古建筑的倒塌和一些古树的消失。 （collapse；disappear）
5.让我们共同努力，为保护悠久的文化遗产和文明做出贡献。（civilization）
第二步 组语篇——文从字顺，赏心悦目
厚积薄发，下笔有神
亮词 情感描写：incredible； intense； humble
动作描写：awe； preserve； collapse； suspend； interrupt； pursue； assign； ban
美句 ①The more we acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites， the more likely we are to treat them with respect. （主旨升华） ②If your heart breaks like mine at the thought of our irreplaceable heritage being lost forever，please take action.If you’re interested，please look at our website and participate in any way you can！ （排比句；主旨升华） ③Further west on the Silk Road，the geography gradually changes from wild deserts to high，snow-capped mountains to vast grasslands as the routes pass through the splendid Tianshan Mountains and emerge in the rolling valleys of Central Asia. （环境描写）
环境描写之“自然景物”
单词 山 名词 hill/mountain山； peak山峰； cave山洞； valley山谷
形容词 gentle温和的，柔和的； rocky多岩石的，崎岖不平的； green绿色的，青的； bare裸露的，光秃的； steep陡峭的，险峻的； grassy长满草的； remote 遥远的，偏僻的； snow-covered被雪覆盖的； snow-capped山顶积雪的
水 名词 stream小溪，细流； river河流，大河； lake湖泊； shallow water浅水区； sea海，海洋
形容词 deep深的； 深厚的； clear清晰的； 清澈的； slow-moving 缓慢移动的； rough粗糙的； 粗野的； 不平静的； calm平静的； 冷静的； smooth平滑的； 平稳的
风 名词 wind风； 气流； typhoon 台风； hurricane飓风； tornado龙卷风
形容词 strong强烈的； terrible可怕的，糟糕的； slight轻微的； icy冰冷的，结冰的
雨 rain雨； storm暴风雨； shower阵雨； flood洪水
雪 snow雪； snowstorm暴风雪
树 tree树； forest森林； woods森林
词块 山 the snow-covered peaks 积雪覆盖的山峰 美句 ①（2025·永州三模） So far， from swiftly flowing river valleys to mist-covered mountains， dense forests and steep cliffs， wherever there is water and soil， terraces have been dug. 到目前为止，从湍急的河谷到云雾缭绕的山峦、茂密的森林和陡峭的悬崖，凡是有水和土的地方，都开辟了梯田。 ②（2025·怀化二模） One day Tom went out for a walk with KiKi， when a fierce storm started.Tom ran to take shelter in a sweet shop. 一天，汤姆和奇奇外出散步时，突然下起了猛烈的暴风雨。汤姆跑到一家糖果店去避雨。 ③（2024·平江高三联考） Two hours later， he came to a bumpy mountain road that had been flooded by a creek. 两个小时后，他来到了一条被小溪淹没的崎岖不平的山路。
水 listen to the water rolling down the river听着河水潺潺而下 the winding/running/gurgling stream蜿蜒的/奔流的/潺潺的小溪
风 the howling wind嚎叫的风 be hit/struck by a typhoon 遭到台风的袭击
雨 pour with rain下着倾盆大雨
雪 the pure feathery snowflake 洁白如羽毛的雪花
光 be bathed in the sun沐浴在阳光下
云 the misty cloud雾霭 a cloudless sky万里无云的天空
情境导语 当托尼经过父母的卧室时，碰巧听到他们在争论……
第一步 完成句子
1.一天晚上，托尼被闪电和雷雨惊醒了。
One night， Tony .（被动语态）
2.在昏暗的灯光下，他的父母在争论什么。
， his parents something.（环境描写；过去进行时）
3.托尼听到父亲提出让他长大后当一名官员，然而妈妈坚持让他当一名教师。
Tony heard his father proposed to make him an official when he grew up， but .（并列句）
4.这让托尼心情很不好，愤怒和沮丧包裹着他。
This made Tony feel very bad， .（情感描写；独立主格结构）
5.大约过了一个小时，一些星星出现在天空中，他慢慢地平静下来。
After about an hour， .Slowly， he calmed down.（环境描写）
6.他对自己说：“一切都会好起来的，我的未来我做主。我的物理很好，我会成为一名物理学家。我不会让父母失望的。”
He said to himself，“Everything will be all right.I am the master of my future.My physics is very good.I will be a physicist and .”（心理活动）
第二步 连句成文
（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）Human speech contains more than 2，000 different sounds， from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages.But why are certain sounds more common than others？ A ground-breaking， five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago， the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals， such as “f” and “v”， were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods.Now a team of researchers led by Dami n Blasi at the University of Zurich， Switzerland， has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned （对齐）， making it hard to produce labiodentals， which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth.Later， our jaws changed to an overbite structure （结构）， making it easier to produce such sounds. The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period.Food became easier to chew at this point.The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age， with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300，000 years ago.“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings， but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution，” said Steven Moran， a member of the research team.
32.Which aspect of the human speech sound does Dami n Blasi’s research focus on？（ ）
A.Its variety. B.Its distribution.
C.Its quantity. D.Its development.
33.Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals？（ ）
A.They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B.They could not open and close their lips easily.
C.Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D.Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
34.What is paragraph 5 mainly about？（ ）
A.Supporting evidence for the research results.
B.Potential application of the research findings.
C.A further explanation of the research methods.
D.A reasonable doubt about the research process.
35.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds？（ ）
A.It is key to effective communication. B.It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C.It is a complex and dynamic system. D.It drives the evolution of human beings.
（一）由文本积阅读词汇
1.contain v. 包含；包括
2.ground-breaking adj. 创新的；革新的
3.relate v. 联系；涉及
4.trend n. 趋势；倾向
5.arise v. 出现，产生
6.produce v. 生产；制造
7.agriculture n. 农业
8.confirm v. 证实；确认
9.dynamic adj. 动态的，发展变化的
10.labiodental n. 唇齿音（课标外词汇）
（二）由文本积主题词块
1.lead to 导致；造成
2.such as 例如
3.the upper teeth 上牙
4.be connected with 与……相联系
5.speech sound 语音
6.cultural diversity 文化多样性
7.overturn the popular view 推翻流行观点
（三）由文本知变式运用
1.学习构词（派生词/合成词）
（1）remarkably adv.不同寻常地；非凡地；卓越地[remarkable（adj.）＋后缀-ly]
（2）diversity n.多样性；多样化 [diverse（adj.）＋后缀-ity]
（3）effective adj.有效的；实际的 [effect（n.）＋后缀-ive]
（4）interplay n.相互影响，相互作用 [前缀inter-＋play （n.）]
（5）overturn v.推翻； 倾覆 [over （adv.）＋turn （v.）]
2.近义替换（用文中词汇替换）
result in＝ （第一段）
3.熟词生义（文中生义）
（1）click [熟义] n.单击；咔嗒声v.点击
→[生义] n. （第一段第一句）
（2）certain [熟义] adj.确信的；肯定的
→[生义] adj. （第一段第二句）
（3）note [熟义] v.记录，记下；注意；留意 n.注释；记录；笔记
→[生义] v. （第二段第一句）
（4）drive [熟义] v.驾驶；开车
→[生义] v. （第35题）
（四）由文本学靓丽表达
1.A ground-breaking， five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds （现在世界上一半的语言中都可发现）.（定语从句）
2.Now a team of researchers （由……带领）Dami n Blasi at the University of Zurich， Switzerland， has found how and why this trend arose.（过去分词作后置定语）
3.This research overturns the popular view （所有人类语言的语音都存在） when human beings evolved around 300，000 years ago.（同位语从句）
（五）由文本探析长难句
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned （对齐），making it hard to produce labiodentals， which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth.
分析：本句是主从复合句。that 引导的是 从句；动词-ing短语 making it hard to produce labiodentals作 ，其中it作 ，动词不定式短语作真正的宾语；which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth 是 从句。
译文：
UNIT 4 Protecting our heritage sites
【考点·多维突破】
Part Ⅰ
考点新语境
[微技能热身] 1.形式主语 2.采取措施做某事 take steps/action to do sth 3.部分倒装 只有用这种方式，我们才能与地球上的动物和谐相处
1.①in reserve for ②reserved a table for two
③These seats are reserved for the elderly and the disabled.
2.①into ②leaving many houses lying in ruins
3.①interrupted ②interruption ③without interruption
4.①from/against ②preservation ③from being polluted
5.①with ②into ③in
④Conflict is an unavoidable part of campus life
6.①if ever ②if any ③If not
Part Ⅱ
维度一
1.（1）B （2）A （3）C
2.（1）v.追捕，追赶 （2）vt.冻结 （3）vt.提交
维度二
Ⅰ.1.urgently 2.civilization 3.assessments 4.Cooperation
5.violently 6.woolen 7.on 8.with 9.to
Ⅱ.1.a joint responsibility 2.In times of crisis
3.raise awareness of environmental protection
4.began to take shape 5.caused a great deal of damage
6.protect natural ecology from being damaged
Part Ⅲ
应用文写作增分练
第一步
1.To preserve the cultural heritage of our hometown， our town has established a heritage protection club.
2.We volunteers actively participate in cultural relic protection， following specialists to identify cultural relics and take photos.
3.By sharing photos， we have raised people’s awareness of heritage assessment and protection.
4.We have also raised a lot of funds to help prevent the collapse of ancient buildings and the disappearance of some ancient trees.
5.Let us work together to contribute to the protection of our long-standing cultural heritage and civilization.
第二步
To preserve the cultural heritage of our hometown， our town has established a heritage protection club.We volunteers actively participate in cultural relic protection， following specialists to identify cultural relics and take photos.By sharing photos， we have raised people’s awareness of heritage assessment and protection. Moreover， we have also raised a lot of funds to help prevent the collapse of ancient buildings and the disappearance of some ancient trees.Let us work together to contribute to the protection of our long-standing cultural heritage and civilization.
读后续写微技能
第一步
1.was awakened by the lightning and thunderstorm
2.In the dim light； were arguing about
3.his mother insisted on making him a teacher
4.anger and frustration surrounding him
5.some stars appeared in the sky
6.I won’t let my parents down
第二步
One night，Tony was awakened by the lightning and thunderstorm.In the dim light， his parents were arguing about something.Tony heard his father proposed to make him an official when he grew up， but his mother insisted on making him a teacher.This made Tony feel very bad， anger and frustration surrounding him.After about an hour，some stars appeared in the sky.Slowly，he calmed down.He said to himself，“Everything will be all right.I am the master of my future.My physics is very good.I will be a physicist and I won’t let my parents down.”
【素养·培育落实】
一、做真题
32.D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，Dami n Blasi领导的研究小组已经发现了这种趋势出现的过程和原因。由此推断，他们的研究集中在语音的发展上。
33.C 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，他们发现古代成年人的上下门牙是对齐的，很难发出唇齿音，而唇齿音是由下唇接触上牙发出的。之后，我们下巴的结构变成了覆咬合结构，这让我们更容易发出这样的声音。由此可推知，他们的下巴构造使他们很难发出唇齿音。
34.A 段落大意题。根据第五段内容可知，对语言数据库的分析也证实了新石器时代之后，国际语言的发音发生了全球性的变化。由此可知，第五段主要列举了一些可以使研究结果更令人信服的证据。
35.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Steven Moran认为：自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，今天我们发现的各种语音都是像生物进化和文化演化等事物相互作用的复杂产物。由此可推知，它是一个复杂的动态系统。
三、再利用
（三）2.lead to
3.（1）（尤见于非洲南部某些语言的）吸气音 （2）某种，某些 （3）指出，特别提到 （4）激励；促进；推进
（四）1.that are now found in half the world’s languages
2.led by
3.that all human speech sounds were present
（五）宾语 结果状语 形式宾语 非限制性定语
他们发现，古代成年人的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此难以发出唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙形成的。
10 / 10(共126张PPT)
UNIT 4 Protecting our heritage sites
高中总复习·英语 (译林版)
01
晨背
积累沉淀
02
基础
夯实过关
03
考点
多维突破
Part Ⅰ 一维重点突破
Part Ⅱ 二维微点练全
Part Ⅲ 三维写作提能
04
素养
培育落实
05
技能
锤炼提升
1
晨背·积累沉淀
高效用时，积少成多
阅读词汇明义
快速一览
1. heritage n.遗产
2. sculpture n.雕像，雕塑品；雕刻术
3. missile n.导弹
4. suspend vt.暂停；悬，挂
5. internal adj.内部的；国内的
6. agenda n.计划，方案；议程表，议事日程
7. panel n.专家咨询组，讨论小组；嵌板；仪表盘
8. splendour （AmE splendor）n.壮丽，雄伟
9. primitive adj.简陋的，落后的；原始的，远古的
10. string n.一批，一连串，一系列；线；弦
11. initiative n.倡议，新方案；主动性
12. clay n.黏土，陶土
13. pyramid n.金字塔
14. status n.身份，地位；状况，情形
15. coral n.珊瑚adj.珊瑚色的
16. corridor n.走廊，地带；通道
17. reef n.礁，礁脉
教材例句
18. （外研选必三）Their designs were admirable， varying from grand
buildings to public works， such as roads and dams. n.水坝
19. （北师大选必二）He is not seeing the obvious， but is just going
through the motions without thinking. n.提议，动议；运动；动作
20. （外研选必二）Even after Macquarie Island became an official
nature reserve in the 1970s， the rabbits remained out of control. n.
自然保护区
写作词汇运用
词块记忆
1. preserve traditional skills保留传统技艺
2. in some conflict areas 在一些冲突地区
3. gain entry into the civil service 踏入仕途
4. Earth’s ecology 地球生态
5. knock the nail into the wall把钉子钉进墙里
6. a Canadian specialist一位加拿大专家
7. collapse in the street 昏倒在大街上
8. have disastrous outcomes有灾难性的后果
9. an isolated incident个别事件
10. weather forecast天气预报
11. take a vote 投票表决
12. the splendours of Shanghai上海的壮丽景色
13. the Yangtze River Basin长江流域
14. intense competition激烈的竞争
15. primitive ideas陈旧的观点
16. humble attitude谦逊的态度
17. pursue a career in science or medicine从事科学或医学职业
18. the entrance to the cave 山洞的入口
19. a white cotton shirt一件白色棉质衬衫
20. ban smoking inside the schoolyard禁止校内吸烟
21. doctor’s/lawyer’s fees医生诊费/律师费
22. The Grand Canal from Beijing to Hangzhou京杭大运河
23. near the equator 位于赤道附近
24. require urgent attention需要紧急处理
25. represent a milestone in history代表历史上的一个里程碑
26. higher than elsewhere比其他地方高
27. emerge in France在法国出现
语境记忆
28. ruin vt.破坏，毁坏；使破产，毁灭 n.毁坏，毁灭；破产；残垣
断壁
①ruin our trip 破坏我们的旅行
②be trapped in the ruins被困在废墟中
29. submit vt.& vi.提交（present），呈递；屈服（give in）
①refuse to submit to threats拒绝向威胁屈服
②submit the proposal提交建议
30. awe vt.使惊叹，使敬畏 n.敬畏，惊叹
Throughout the event， I was struck and awed by the incredible variety of
plants that exist in our world.
在整个活动中，我被我们世界上存在的各种各样的植物所震撼和
敬畏。
31. showcase n.展示的场合；玻璃柜台
Then， projects like the Belt and Road Initiative make a good topic to
discuss because it showcases China’s determination to build a shared
future with the world.然后，像“一带一路”倡议这样的项目成为一个
很好的讨论话题，因为它展示了中国与世界共建共享未来的决心。
派生词汇识记
1. civilization n.文明；社会文明；文明社会，文明世界→civilize vt.
使文明；开化；教化；使有教养
2. incredible adj.极好的，极大的；不能相信的，难以置信的
→incredibly adv.令人难以置信地
3. violent adj.暴力的，粗暴的；猛烈的，强烈的→violently adv.强烈
地，激烈地→violence n.暴力，暴行；狂热，激情
4. assess vt.评估，评定；估算→assessment n.评定，评估
5. ecology n.生态，生态学→ecological adj.生态的，生态学的
→ecologist n.生态学家
6. consultation n.咨询，商讨；就诊→consult v.咨询；请教；商量；
查阅→consultant n.顾问，咨询师
7. division n.分歧；分开，分隔→divide v.分割；划分；分配
8. architect n.建筑师；设计师→architecture n.建筑学；建筑设计
9. cooperation n.合作，协作；协助，配合→cooperate vi.合作；配
合；协力
10. operator n.操作人员，技工；接线员→operate v.工作；运转；动
手术→operation n.手术；运转
11. interrupt vt.打扰，插嘴；使暂停，使中断 vi.打扰，插嘴
→interruption n.打扰，插嘴
12. conservation n.保护；保持→conserve vt.保护；保存
13. assign vt.指定，指派；分配；确定→assignment n.分配；任务
14. wool n.毛织物；羊毛→woollen adj.毛纺的；羊毛的
15. expansion n.扩展，扩大，膨胀→expand v.扩展，扩大，增加
1. 盘点来自动词短语的合成名词
①come out→outcome 结果
②break through→breakthrough 突破
③come in→income 收入
④break out→outbreak 爆发
⑤make up→make-up 化妆品
2.汇集“学科”词汇 ①biology 生物学 ②ecology 生态学 ③geology 地质学 ④psychology 心理学 ⑤physiology 生理学 3.on相关短语排排站
①on time 准时，按时
②on purpose 故意地
③on the contrary 正相反
④on duty 值班；当值
⑤on vacation 在度假中
1. wear down （使）磨损，（使）逐渐磨平
2. wear and tear （正常使用造成的）磨损，损耗
3. be bound to 一定；很有可能，肯定会
4. lead to 导致；通向
5. break out 爆发
6. give rise to 造成；引起；导致
7. on purpose 故意地
8. belong to 属于
9. at risk 有危险；冒风险
10. in ruins 处于废墟中
11. in times of 在……的时刻；在……的时期
12. raise awareness of 提高对……的认识；增强对……的意识
13. contribute to 导致；促使；是……的原因
14. take shape 成形，有了模样
15. a great deal of 许多，大量
16. serve as 充当……
17. for the benefit of 为了……的利益
18. serve as a bridge for cultural exchange 充当文化交流的桥梁
19. be fascinated by human civilization 被人类文明吸引
20. cause a great deal of damage 造成巨大破坏
21. natural disasters 自然灾害，自然灾难
22. the long-term consequences 长期后果
23. irreparable destruction 不可挽回的破坏
24. natural ecology 自然生态
25. a joint responsibility 共同的责任
1. 句式：if引导的条件状语从句的省略
原句：If so， you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to
preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind.
如果是这样，你们也许已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织正在竭力保
护对人类具有文化和自然重要性的遗址。
2. 句式：where引导定语从句
原句：In some conflict areas where civil wars often break out， fighters
have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose.
在一些经常爆发内战的冲突地区，战士们甚至会故意毁坏遗产地。
3. 句式：the＋比较级 ...， the＋比较级 ...
原句：The more we acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our
heritage sites， the more likely we are to treat them with respect. 我们越
明白遗产地突出的普遍价值，就越可能会尊重它们。
4. 句式：过去分词短语作状语
原句：Assigned by the emperor， the ambassador Zhang Qian
journeyed from Chang’an to Central Asia， seeking to build bridges
between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions.
特使张骞受皇帝之命从长安前往中亚，试图在汉朝和西域之间架起一
座桥梁。
Last weekend， I participated in a “Getting to Know the Plants
Around Us” activity organised by the Students’ Union.
The activity began with a lecture given by a specialist in ecology，
who introduced to us the different characteristics and uses of various plant
species.We then went on a natural walk to observe and collect samples of
different primitive plants with awe and wonder.Throughout the event， I
was struck by the incredible variety of plants that exist in our world and
learned about plants that are used for medical purposes， as well as those
that provide food and shelter for animals.I also gained a greater
appreciation for the role that plants play in preserving the balance of
ecosystem.Overall， it was a valuable and enriching experience.
2
基础·夯实过关
默写查验，巧学活用
（一）分类识记单词——用时少·功效快
阅读单词知意
请在没有记牢的单词前的方框内画“√”，以便下次着重记忆。
□1.heritage n.遗产
□2.pyramid n.金字塔
□3.clay n.黏土，陶土
□4.sculpture n.雕像，雕塑品；雕刻术
□5.missile n.导弹
□6.status n.身份，地位；状况，情形
□7.internal adj.内部的；国内的
□8.reef n.礁，礁脉
□9.coral n.珊瑚
adj.珊瑚色的
□10.agenda n.计划，方案；议程表，议事日程
□11.panel n.专家咨询组，讨论小组；嵌板；仪表盘
□12.suspend vt.暂停；悬，挂
□13.dam n.水坝
□14.motion n.提议，动议；运动；动作
□15.splendour （AmE splendor）n.壮丽，雄伟
□16.reserve n.自然保护区；储备
vt.预订；保留；预留
□17.primitive adj.简陋的，落后的；原始的，远古的
□18.corridor n.走廊，地带；通道
□19.string n.一批，一连串，一系列；线；弦
□20.initiative n.倡议，新方案；主动性
核心单词练通
1. vt.使惊叹，使敬畏 n.敬畏，惊叹
2. adj.紧急的，紧迫的；催促的，急切的
3. vt.破坏；毁坏，使破产 n.毁坏，毁灭；破产；残恒断壁
4. adj.国民的；国家的；民事的
5. n.钉子；指甲vt.固定
6. n.专家；专科医生adj.专业的
7. vi.倒塌，坍塌；昏倒n.昏倒；倒塌
8. n.事件；冲突
9. n.运河
awe
urgent
ruin
civil
nail
specialist
collapse
incident
canal
10. n.盆地；洗脸盆；盆；流域
11. vt.& vi.提交，呈递；屈服
12. n.毛织物；羊毛
13. n.棉织物；棉，棉花
14. n.山洞，洞穴
15. n.重要阶段，里程碑
16. n.赤道
17. n.展示的场合；玻璃柜台
18. n.进入；参与，加入；参赛
19. n.费；报酬
basin
submit
wool
cotton
cave
milestone
equator
showcase
entry
fee
核心单词练通
单词拼写
1. （2024·北京卷）When I decided to （致力于） a
postgraduate degree， I wanted to develop a novel research programme
and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist.
2. Firstly， shared bicycles have （出现） as a symbol of
urban mobility， offering an affordable and green alternative for short
trips.
3. （北师大选必四）Fleming remained （谦虚的） about
the amazing outcome of his discovery.
pursue
emerged
humble
4. （人教选必一）Though the Sami are allowed to continue their
traditional way of life in the park， no one else can live here， and all new
development is （明令禁止） within park boundaries.
5. This new generation of artisans will not only help （保
存） traditional skills； the innovation they bring to the craft will also
ensure that the art of clock repairing stands the test of time.
6. Temperatures of our city were （预报） to reach 40 ℃ in
the coming week.
banned
preserve
forecast
7. The police have attempted to find a peaceful solution to the
several （矛盾） in the neighbourhood.
8. Your focus should be （在别处）， like improving
yourself and reaching your goals.
9. We will listen to the arguments on both sides and then （投
票） on it.
10. Teenagers tend to do something without considering its
（结果） even if they may get hurt.
conflicts
elsewhere
vote
outcome
拓展单词用活
记全记牢
1. n.生态，生态学→ adj.生态的，生态学
的→ n.生态学家
2. n.分歧；分开，分隔→ vt.（使）分开；分
配；除以；分隔；（使）产生分歧
3. n.建筑师；设计师→ n.建筑学；建筑
式样；建筑风格；体系结构
ecology
ecological
ecologist
division
divide
architect
architecture
4. n.操作人员，技工；接线员→ n.手术；
操作→ vt.操作 vi.动手术；运转；起作用；经营
5. n.合作，协作；协助，配合→ vt.合
作，协作；配合
6. n.保护；保持→ vt.保护，保
存；节约
7. vt.指定，指派；分配；确定→ n.分配；
任务
operator
operation
operate
cooperation
cooperate
conservation
conserve
assign
assignment
用准用活
1. We were all surprised at his acts of .Maybe he was
exposed to too many scenes in the films.（violent）
2. A few days ago， his house was by the real estate
company，and he was satisfied with the detailed by the
staff.（assess）
3. Education helps to spread ， teach
individuals， people as well as promote human development
in an all-around way.（civil）
violence
violent
assessed
assessment
civilization
civilize
4. The of higher education should be a powerful force for
change， so we should grasp the chance with the aim of
our knowledge.（expand）
5. There is an theme park in the city centre， which
is attractive.（incredible）
6. She often her colleagues and she intends to repackage
herself as a business .（consult）
7. The girl her mother’s conversation abruptly， so she
was scolded for her .（interrupt）
expansion
expanding
incredible
incredibly
consults
consultant
interrupted
interruption
（二）集中识记短语——不枯燥·求实效
第一组
1. （使）磨损，（使）逐渐磨平
2. （正常使用造成的）磨损，损耗
3. 一定；很有可能，肯定会
4. 导致；通向
5. 爆发
6. 造成；引起；导致
7. 故意地
8. 属于
9. 有危险；冒风险
wear down
wear and tear
be bound to
lead to
break out
give rise to
on purpose
belong to
at risk
第二组
1. 处于废墟中
2. 在……的时刻；在……的时期
3. 提高对……的认识；增强对……的意识
4. 导致；促使；是……的原因
5. 成形，有了模样
6. 许多，大量
7. 除……以外
8. 充当……
9. 为了……的利益
in ruins
in times of
raise awareness of
contribute to
take shape
a great deal of
in addition to
serve as
for the benefit of
选用上面短语填空
1. （人教选必二）They have great facilities and outstanding
professors， helping to educate young people who will
the economy and further strengthen our country.
2. （北师大选必三）Cloning， however， continues to be an issue that
causes disagreement and provokes strong emotions.
3. Nobody can match your sheer willpower and persistence in
the opposition.
contribute to
a great deal of
wearing
down
4. In 1912， women’s events were added，and the modern Olympic
programme began to .
5. I thought he had made this mistake because he wanted
to make his manager angry.
6. I hope every nation in the world can take advantage of modern science
and technology， using it all mankind.
7. There are a couple of factors that this problem， as the
weather experts say.
take shape
on purpose
for the benefit of
give rise to
8. The city lay after the earthquake.Now， rows of houses
are being built.
9. The insurance policy does not cover damage caused by normal
.
in ruins
wear
and tear
（三）仿写活用句式——造佳句·表达高
句型公式 句式仿写
1.句型公式：if引导的条件状语
从句的省略 教材原句：If so， you might
already understand why UNESCO
is fighting to preserve sites of
cultural and natural importance to
mankind. 1.我要是记得她的地址就好了！如
果那样，我很容易就能联系上她。
If only I remembered her
address！
.
If so，I can get in touch
with her easily
句型公式 句式仿写
2.句型公式：that引导同位语从
句 教材原句：I have the belief that
some of you have heard about
UNESCO heritage sites or maybe
even visited one！ 2.我们接受了他的建议，把全班分
成三组。
We accepted his suggestion
.
that
the whole class should be divided
into three groups
句型公式 句式仿写
3.句型公式：with复合结构
（with＋名词＋动词-ing形式） 教材原句：Following Zhang’s
efforts， trade routes took shape
and relationships were
strengthened between the major
powers of the time， with the
routes network reaching as far as
the Roman Empire. 3.随着中国科学技术的持续发展，中国人的交通方式发生了天翻地覆的变化。
， Chinese people’s
modes of transportation have
undergone tremendous changes.
With the continuous development
of China’s science and
technology
3
考点·多维突破
精讲精练，突破重难
Part Ⅰ 一维重点突破
In the last 30 years， many animals have died out because
many wildlife reserves were destroyed.Thus， many new viruses have emerged recently.Some new diseases are even ruining people’s health.Moreover， normal work and life are being interrupted.If so， it is particularly significant to take effective measures to preserve the endangered animals.Try to keep any conflict between mankind and animals to a minimum. Only in this way can we live in harmony with animals on the Earth.
微技能热身
1. ①处it是 。
2. ②处take measures to do sth意为“ ”，此短语
还可表达为 。
3. 句③中“only＋状语”放在句首引起 ，意为“
”，这句话经常出
现在环保方面的写作中。
形式主语
采取措施做某事
take steps/action to do sth
部分倒装
只有
用这种方式，我们才能与地球上的动物和谐相处
reserve n.自然保护区；储备 vt.预订；预留；保留
【练通】 完成句子
①We have some funds emergencies.
我们有一些备用资金以应对紧急情况。
②I at the restaurant.
我在餐厅预订了一张两人用餐的桌子。
in reserve for
reserved a table for two
【写美】 翻译句子
这些座位是留给老年人和残疾人的。
③
These seats are reserved for the elderly and the disabled.
【归纳】
（1）reserve sth for sb/sth为某人/某物预约/保留某物
be reserved for 留作，（专）供……之用
in reserve 储备；备用
（2）reservation n. 预订，预约；保留意见
without reservation 无保留地，无条件地
make a reservation 预订（房间、票）；预约
【佳句】 （人教必修二）The reserve is a shelter for the animals and
plants of northwestern Xizang.
该保护区是西藏西北部动植物的庇护所。
ruin vt.破坏，毁坏；使破产，毁灭 n.毁坏，毁灭；破产；残垣断
壁
【练通】 单句语法填空
①She went through a period of confusion after her company fell
ruin.
into
【写美】 句式升级
②The constant rain caused serious floods， which left many houses lying
in ruins.
→The constant rain caused serious floods，
.（动词-ing形式作状语）
leaving many houses lying
in ruins
【归纳】
（1）ruin one’s health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉
（2）in ruins 毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪
lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
fall/go/come into/to ruin 毁灭；败落
【佳句】 Its once-great cities fell into ruin， leaving various mysteries
for later people to solve.
曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。
interrupt vt.打扰，插嘴；使暂停，使中断 vi.打扰，插嘴
【练通】 单句语法填空
①（人教选必二）Chen Wei， a high school student in Beijing， had his
dinner （interrupt） when he heard someone screaming
from another table.
②The sudden （interrupt） stopped Justin in mid-
sentence and made him annoyed.
interrupted
interruption
【写美】 完成句子
③She has kept up physical training for several years
.
她连续几年坚持体育锻炼，从未间断过。
without
interruption
【归纳】
（1）be interrupted by 被……打断/阻断
（2）interruption n. 打断；打岔；中止
without interruption 连续地；不断地
an interruption to the power supply 停电
【佳句】 Saying “sorry” if we interrupt or disagree with someone also
helps us to be polite.
如果我们打断别人说话或不同意别人的意见时说“对不起”也有助于
我们做到有礼貌。
preserve vt.维护，保护，保存；维持 n.保护区
【练通】 单句语法填空
①Penicillin has played an important role in preserving
wounds infection and subsequently saves millions of
lives.
②Well before the arrival of freezers， there was a demand for ice for
food （preserve） and catering.
from/against
preservation
【写美】 完成句子
③It is our duty to preserve the oceans .
（倡议书）
保护海洋免受污染是我们的责任。
from being polluted
【归纳】
（1）preserve sb/sth from/against
保护某人/某物免受……
preserve sth＋形容词 把某物保存得……
well preserved 保护得很好
nature preserve 自然保护区
（2）preservation n. 保护，保存
【佳句】 Wherever I go in the future，I’ll make great efforts to
preserve and enrich our own traditional culture.（传统文化）
将来无论我去哪里，我都会努力保护并丰富我们自己的传统文化。
conflict n.（军事）冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致 vi.冲突，抵
触
【练通】 单句语法填空
①However， as the school year progressed， Marissa’s outgoing
personality began to conflict my reserved nature.
②John often came conflict with his boss in public， so he was
fired.
③The new policy is conflict with the interests of some employees.
with
into
in
【写美】 完成句子
④ ， and my own
journey has been no exception.
冲突是校园生活中不可避免的一部分，我自己的经历也不例外。
Conflict is an unavoidable part of campus life
【归纳】
（1）come into conflict with 与……争执/冲突
in conflict 处于矛盾中
in conflict with 与……冲突
resolve the conflict 解决冲突
conflict of interest 利益冲突
avoid conflict 避免冲突
（2）conflict with 与……抵触/冲突
【佳句】 She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future
career.
她发现自己在将来就业问题上与父母存在着分歧。
if引导的条件状语从句的省略
If so， you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to
preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind. 如果是
这样，你们也许已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织正在竭力保护对人
类具有文化和自然重要性的遗址。
【写美】 用if省略结构完成句子
①The climate here is quite pleasant， the temperature rarely，
， reaching 30 ℃ in summer.
这里的气候十分宜人，夏天温度极少达到30摄氏度，甚至从未达
到过。
②Wash it in water and pick out the small particles， .
在水里洗一下，如果有小颗粒的话挑出来。
③Work hard to pursue your dream. ， you will regret sooner or
later.
努力去追求你的梦想。否则，你迟早会后悔的。
if
ever
if any
If not
【归纳】
if构成的常见省略结构：
if so如果是这样的话
if not如果不这样的话；如果没有
if ever如果有过/发生过的话
if any如果有的话
if possible如果有可能；如果可能的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
if anything如果有什么不同的话
【佳句】 Are you ready？ If so， let’s set off at once.
你准备好了吗？如果准备好了，我们马上动身吧。
Part Ⅱ 二维微点练全
维度一 阅读词汇清障——一词多义/熟词生义
1. collapse
A. vi.倒塌，坍塌 B. vi.昏倒 C. vi.崩溃
（1）Hearing the bad news， she collapsed in the middle of the
street.
（2）The roof of the cave collapsed， blocking the entrance.
（3）The medical system is facing collapse because of lots of key
doctors’ leaving.
B
A
C
2. 词义猜测
（1）The police pursued the man who had stolen a woman’s bag.
（2）Under these laws， he said later， Mr Rice’s assets could have
been frozen.
（3）Submit a topic proposal to your history teacher.The teacher may
require a second proposal if the first is off-topic or unclear.
v.追捕，追赶
vt.冻结
vt.提交
维度二 写作词汇夯实——词形转换/动词形式变化/固定搭配
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. （2025·邵阳联考） “I need your help now，” a nurse in ER
said （urgent）.
2. （2025·南京考前试题） Through the top virtual reality
technology， visitors are able to travel back to the mysterious
Egyptian （civilize） 4，500 years ago through a 45-
minute digital experience.
3. The teacher’s （assess） of the students’
performances were fair and detailed.
urgently
civilization
assessments
4. （cooperate） between different departments is
essential for the success of the project.
5. The storm hit the coast （violent）， causing extensive
damage.
6. She wore a beautiful （wool） scarf to keep warm in the
cold weather.
7. While the government has issued a ban plastic bags， people
are still using large quantities of them.
Cooperation
violently
woolen
on
8. Conflicts others are common in everyday life，but we should
settle them in a peaceful way.
9. In the past， I frequently submitted myself difficulties but now I
can spare no effort to handle them.
with
to
Ⅱ.补全句子
1. Protecting the environment is （共同的责
任） of all human beings.
2. （在危急时刻）， people should support each
other.
3. We should （提高环
保意识） among the public.
4. After months of hard work， the project （开
始有了雏形）.
a joint responsibility
In times of crisis
raise awareness of environmental protection
began to take shape
5. The earthquake （造成了巨大破
坏） to the city.
6. We should （保护自
然生态免受破坏）.
caused a great deal of damage
protect natural ecology from being damaged
Part Ⅲ 三维写作提能
宣传稿——文化遗产保护
第一步 练单句——词句优美，吸引眼球
1. 为保护家乡的文化遗产，我们镇成立了遗产保护俱乐部。
（preserve；heritage）
To preserve the cultural heritage of our hometown， our town has
established a heritage protection club.
2. 我们这些志愿者积极参与文物保护，跟着专家鉴定文物并拍照。
（specialist；动词-ing形式作状语）
3. 通过分享照片，我们提高了人们对遗产评估和保护的意识。
（assess；aware）
We volunteers actively participate in cultural relic protection， following
specialists to identify cultural relics and take photos.
By sharing photos， we have raised people’s awareness of heritage
assessment and protection.
4. 我们还筹集了许多资金，用来帮助防止古建筑的倒塌和一些古树的
消失。 （collapse；disappear）
5. 让我们共同努力，为保护悠久的文化遗产和文明做出贡献。
（civilization）
We have also raised a lot of funds to help prevent the collapse of ancient
buildings and the disappearance of some ancient trees.
Let us work together to contribute to the protection of our long-standing
cultural heritage and civilization.
第二步 组语篇——文从字顺，赏心悦目
To preserve the cultural heritage of our hometown， our town has
established a heritage protection club.We volunteers actively participate in
cultural relic protection， following specialists to identify cultural relics
and take photos.By sharing photos， we have raised people’s awareness
of heritage assessment and protection. Moreover， we have also raised a
lot of funds to help prevent the collapse of ancient buildings and the
disappearance of some ancient trees.Let us work together to contribute to
the protection of our long-standing cultural heritage and civilization.
厚积薄发，下笔有神
亮 词 情感描写：incredible； intense； humble
动作描写：awe； preserve； collapse； suspend； interrupt；
pursue； assign； ban
美 句 ①The more we acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites， the more likely we are to treat them with respect.（主旨升华）
②If your heart breaks like mine at the thought of our irreplaceable heritage being lost forever，please take action.If you’re interested，please look at our website and participate in any way you can！（排比句；主旨升华）
③Further west on the Silk Road，the geography gradually changes
from wild deserts to high，snow-capped mountains to vast grasslands as the routes pass through the splendid Tianshan Mountains and emerge in the rolling valleys of Central Asia.（环境描写）
环境描写之“自然景物”
单 词 山 名词 hill/mountain山； peak山峰； cave山洞； valley山谷
形容
词 gentle温和的，柔和的； rocky多岩石的，崎岖不平的； green绿色的，青的； bare裸露的，光秃的； steep陡峭的，险峻的； grassy长满草的； remote 遥远的，偏僻的； snow-covered被雪覆盖的； snow-capped山顶积雪的
单 词 水 名词 stream小溪，细流； river河流，大河； lake湖泊； shallow water浅水区； sea海，海洋
形容
词 deep深的； 深厚的； clear清晰的； 清澈的； slow-moving 缓慢移动的； rough粗糙的； 粗野的； 不平静的； calm平静的； 冷静的；smooth平滑的； 平稳的
风 名词 wind风； 气流； typhoon 台风；hurricane飓风； tornado龙卷风
形容
词 strong强烈的； terrible可怕的，糟糕的； slight轻微的； icy冰冷的，结冰的
单 词 雨 rain雨； storm暴风雨； shower阵雨； flood洪水
雪 snow雪； snowstorm暴风雪
树 tree树； forest森林； woods森林
词 块 山 the snow-covered peaks 积雪覆盖的山峰
水 listen to the water rolling down the river 听着河水潺潺而下
the winding/running/gurgling stream 蜿蜒的/奔流的/潺潺的小溪
风 the howling wind 嚎叫的风
be hit/struck by a typhoon 遭到台风的袭击
雨 pour with rain下着倾盆大雨
雪 the pure feathery snowflake 洁白如羽毛的雪花
光 be bathed in the sun 沐浴在阳光下
云 the misty cloud雾霭
a cloudless sky万里无云的天空
美 句 ①（2025·永州三模） So far， from swiftly flowing river valleys to mist-covered mountains， dense forests and steep cliffs， wherever there is water and soil， terraces have been dug.
到目前为止，从湍急的河谷到云雾缭绕的山峦、茂密的森林和陡峭的悬崖，凡是有水和土的地方，都开辟了梯田。
②（2025·怀化二模） One day Tom went out for a walk with KiKi， when a fierce storm started.Tom ran to take shelter in a sweet shop.
一天，汤姆和奇奇外出散步时，突然下起了猛烈的暴风雨。汤姆跑到一家糖果店去避雨。
③（2025·平江高三联考） Two hours later， he came to a bumpy mountain road that had been flooded by a creek.
两个小时后，他来到了一条被小溪淹没的崎岖不平的山路。
情境导语 当托尼经过父母的卧室时，碰巧听到他们在争论……
第一步 完成句子
1. 一天晚上，托尼被闪电和雷雨惊醒了。
One night， Tony .
（被动语态）
2. 在昏暗的灯光下，他的父母在争论什么。
， his parents something.
（环境描写；过去进行时）
was awakened by the lightning and thunderstorm
In the dim light
were arguing about
3. 托尼听到父亲提出让他长大后当一名官员，然而妈妈坚持让他当一
名教师。
Tony heard his father proposed to make him an official when he grew up，
but .（并列句）
4. 这让托尼心情很不好，愤怒和沮丧包裹着他。
This made Tony feel very bad，
.（情感描写；独立主格结构）
his mother insisted on making him a teacher
anger and frustration surrounding
him
5. 大约过了一个小时，一些星星出现在天空中，他慢慢地平静下来。
After about an hour， .Slowly， he
calmed down.（环境描写）
6. 他对自己说：“一切都会好起来的，我的未来我做主。我的物理很
好，我会成为一名物理学家。我不会让父母失望的。”
He said to himself，“Everything will be all right.I am the master of my
future.My physics is very good.I will be a physicist and
.”（心理活动）
some stars appeared in the sky
I won’t let
my parents down
第二步 连句成文
One night，Tony was awakened by the lightning and
thunderstorm.In the dim light， his parents were arguing about
something.Tony heard his father proposed to make him an official when
he grew up， but his mother insisted on making him a teacher.This made
Tony feel very bad， anger and frustration surrounding him.After about an
hour，some stars appeared in the sky.Slowly，he calmed down.He said
to himself，“Everything will be all right.I am the master of my
future.My physics is very good.I will be a physicist and I won’t let my
parents down.”
4
素养·培育落实
真题剖析，深度探究
（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）Human speech contains more than 2，000
different sounds， from the common “m” and “a” to the rare
clicks of some southern African languages.But why are certain sounds more common than others？ A ground-breaking， five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago， the scholar Charles Hockett noted that
speech sounds called labiodentals， such as “f” and “v”， were more
common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods.Now a team of
researchers led by Dami n Blasi at the University of Zurich，
Switzerland， has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human
adults were aligned （对齐）， making it hard to produce labiodentals，
which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth.Later， our
jaws changed to an overbite structure （结构）， making it easier to
produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the
development of agriculture in the Neolithic period.Food became easier to
chew at this point.The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so
didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a
global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age，
with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few
thousand years.These sounds are still not found in the languages of many
hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech
sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300，000 years
ago.“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained
stable since the appearance of human beings， but rather the huge variety
of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay
of things like biological change and cultural evolution，” said Steven
Moran， a member of the research team.
32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Dami n Blasi’s
research focus on？（ ）
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution.
C. Its quantity. D. Its development.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，Dami n Blasi
领导的研究小组已经发现了这种趋势出现的过程和原因。由此推断，
他们的研究集中在语音的发展上。
√
33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce
labiodentals？（ ）
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
√
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，他们发现古代成年
人的上下门牙是对齐的，很难发出唇齿音，而唇齿音是由下唇接
触上牙发出的。之后，我们下巴的结构变成了覆咬合结构，这让
我们更容易发出这样的声音。由此可推知，他们的下巴构造使他
们很难发出唇齿音。
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about？（ ）
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
解析： 段落大意题。根据第五段内容可知，对语言数据库的分析
也证实了新石器时代之后，国际语言的发音发生了全球性的变化。由
此可知，第五段主要列举了一些可以使研究结果更令人信服的证据。
√
35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds？
（ ）
A. It is key to effective communication.
B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
√
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Steven Moran认
为：自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，今天我们
发现的各种语音都是像生物进化和文化演化等事物相互作用的复杂产
物。由此可推知，它是一个复杂的动态系统。
（一）由文本积阅读词汇
1. contain v. 包含；包括
2. ground-breaking adj. 创新的；革新的
3. relate v. 联系；涉及
4. trend n. 趋势；倾向
5. arise v. 出现，产生
6. produce v. 生产；制造
7. agriculture n. 农业
8. confirm v. 证实；确认
9. dynamic adj. 动态的，发展变化的
10. labiodental n. 唇齿音（课标外词汇）
（二）由文本积主题词块
1. lead to 导致；造成
2. such as 例如
3. the upper teeth 上牙
4. be connected with 与……相联系
5. speech sound 语音
6. cultural diversity 文化多样性
7. overturn the popular view 推翻流行观点
（三）由文本知变式运用
1. 学习构词（派生词/合成词）
（1）remarkably adv.不同寻常地；非凡地；卓越地[remarkable
（adj.）＋后缀-ly]
（2）diversity n.多样性；多样化 [diverse（adj.）＋后缀-ity]
（3）effective adj.有效的；实际的 [effect（n.）＋后缀-ive]
（4）interplay n.相互影响，相互作用 [前缀inter-＋play （n.）]
（5）overturn v.推翻；倾覆 [over （adv.）＋turn （v.）]
2. 近义替换（用文中词汇替换）
result in＝ （第一段）
lead to
3. 熟词生义（文中生义）
（1）click [熟义] n.单击；咔嗒声v.点击
→[生义] n. （第一段
第一句）
（2）certain [熟义] adj.确信的；肯定的
→[生义] adj. （第一段第二句）
（3）note [熟义] v.记录，记下；注意；留意 n.注释；记录；笔记
→[生义] v. （第二段第一句）
（4）drive [熟义] v.驾驶；开车
→[生义] v. （第35题）
（尤见于非洲南部某些语言的）吸气音
某种，某些
指出，特别提到
激励；促进；推进
（四）由文本学靓丽表达
1. A ground-breaking， five-year study shows that diet-related changes in
human bite led to new speech sounds
（现在世界上一半的语言中都可发现）.（定语
从句）
2. Now a team of researchers （由……带领）Dami n
Blasi at the University of Zurich， Switzerland， has found how and why
this trend arose.（过去分词作后置定语）
3. This research overturns the popular view
（所有人类语言的语音都存在） when human
beings evolved around 300，000 years ago.（同位语从句）
that are now found in half the
world’s languages
led by
that all human speech
sounds were present
（五）由文本探析长难句
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human
adults were aligned （对齐），making it hard to produce labiodentals，
which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth.
分析：本句是主从复合句。that 引导的是 从句；动词-ing短
语 making it hard to produce labiodentals作 ，其中it作
，动词不定式短语作真正的宾语；which are formed by
touching the lower lip to the upper teeth 是 从句。
译文：
宾语
结果状语
形
式宾语
非限制性定语
他们发现，古代成年人的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此难
以发出唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙形成的。
5
技能·锤炼提升
统筹组合，全面训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
First constructed in the 10th century as a part of a villa，the garden of Keyuan in Suzhou，Jiangsu Province was rebuilt and redecorated on
numerous occasions throughout history until it became a Confucian
academy in 1805.The waterscape， rockeries and flourishing willows may have greeted students to step into a “painting” where earthly beauty and dynamics of a real world can be felt.
However， in recent history， the shine of the past seems to have
been forgotten by the passing of time.The pond was muddy.Rocks were
unstable.Plants were withering.Termites also damaged the buildings， the
structure of which had been damaged through decades of neglect.The
contrast became even more regrettable when the Great Wave Pavilion，a
garden on the UNESCO World Heritage List that is just a few meters away
across a narrow lane，was crowded with tourists every day.
When Keyuan was handed to He Fengchun， an experienced garden
renovation designer， in 2012， her work to make “the pearl” shine
again was challenging.“Every step in the restoring and decorating
process has to follow historical recordings，” says the designer.“It took
just more than one year for us to actually renovate this garden，but much
longer time was spent in evaluating every detail in the plan and making
sure of its historical accuracy，” she says.
Renovation of Keyuan was recognized with an Asia-Pacific Award for
Cultural Heritage Conservation by UNESCO in 2019.A bright and elegant
garden is now accessible to visitors and jointly describes a culturally rich
neighborhood with the Great Wave Pavilion.
And now，to keep healthy，it also needs regular maintenance，in
which modern science plays a key role.For example，with support of big
data analysis and scientific evaluation of impact brought by tourism， the
largest numbers of visitors — within a day or even an hour — are set for
every key site to create a comfortable experience for both tourists and the
gardens.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了苏州可园的历史以
及修缮和维护工作。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了苏州可园的历史以
及修缮和维护工作。
1. What do the underlined words “the pearl” in Paragraph 3 refer to？
（ ）
A. Keyuan.
B. The UNESCO World Heritage.
C. Renovation of Keyuan.
D. The Great Wave Pavilion.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句中的When Keyuan was
handed to He Fengchun可知，此处是指贺风春的工作是让可园重新闪
耀。所以the pearl指可园。
√
2. What does the designer say about renovating Keyuan？（ ）
A. It’s practical.
B. It’s significant.
C. It’s time-consuming.
D. It’s urgently needed.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中设计师说的It took just more than
one year for us to actually renovate this garden，but much longer time was
spent in evaluating every detail in the plan and making sure of its historical
accuracy可知，设计师认为修缮可园是耗时的。
√
3. What does the author want to tell us by the example in the last
paragraph？（ ）
A. The need to limit the number of visitors.
B. The negative impact tourism has on gardens.
C. The comfortable experience gardens give visitors.
D. The role modern science plays in protecting gardens.
√
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的And now，to keep
healthy，it also needs regular maintenance， in which modern science
plays a key role.可知，作者想通过最后一段的例子告诉我们现代科学
在保护园林中的作用。
4. What is the most suitable title for the text？（ ）
A. The Process of Repairing Keyuan
B. Beauty of Classical Suzhou Gardens
C. The Shining of the Garden of Keyuan Again
D. Classical Gardens of World Cultural Heritage
解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第三段第一句和第四段内容
可知，可园的修缮工程让可园再次闪耀。因此，C项（可园的再次闪
耀）最适合作文章标题。
√
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
My political career in the Students’ Union （SU） began by
throwing frisbees （飞盘） on the campus lawn.I would throw a frisbee
to someone I didn’t know and they would throw it to someone they
didn’t know.Before long， we had built a community of people who met
every day at lunch to throw frisbees.
Besides frisbees， the group decided to climb the mountain near our
campus.When we reached the peak， it felt like we were at summer
camp.We laughed， danced and told jokes.It was totally fun.While
playing like little children in the cool mountain air， we all decided to do
it again the following week.Our motto （座右铭） was “Bring a
Friend”.We started out with a small group of hikers.But as the word
spread， the number of participants increased.We made it a rule to climb
the mountain every weekend.All of us were passionate about the fantastic
experience， which we were looking forward to.
One day on campus， I decided to throw my frisbee to some
strangers， run over and invite them to climb the mountain.Much to my
surprise， a girl sitting in a wheelchair got hold of it.Her name was
Grace.I asked her if she had ever been to the top of the mountain.She said
she hadn’t.Holding the wheelchair tightly， she hung down her head in
awkward silence.Then she told me that she had suffered from lung disease
when she was young and depended on oxygen twenty-four hours a
day.So， it was impossible for her to move without help.Fortunately，
things got better.
With continuous efforts and treatment， she managed to live on her
own with the assistance of the wheelchair： I told her that my friends and I
would carry her if she were up for it.On hearing what I said， she refused
without hesitation， adding that it would be a bother to carry her.But I
tried my best to persuade her to come along with us by talking about the
interesting experiences.
注意：1.续写词数应为 150 个左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Having thought for a while， Grace still refused my offer.
On the downhill path， Grace asked me why not run for the SU
election.
参考范文：
Having thought for a while， Grace still refused my offer. Looking at
her depressed and embarrassed expression， I didn’t want to quit
persuading her.I showed her some pictures that were taken during our
trip.She smiled， her eyes sparkling with excitement.Ultimately， I
made it.On that appointed day， I， together with several friends，
offered continuous assistance to her.With our joint efforts， we made it to
the top of the mountain and admired the fantastic scenery.A sense of
excitement took hold of her， tears rolling down her cheeks like broken
pearls.She was so grateful to us and we became close friends.
On the downhill path， Grace asked me why not run for the SU
election. However， I didn’t have enough courage to run for
it.Knowing I was in a dilemma， Grace had a sincere communication with
me.“So kind and friendly are you that you helped me to enjoy the
beautiful scenery and plan the weekend activity carefully.I am firmly
convinced that you are capable of the work in the SU，” she said in a
gentle voice.Inspired by her encouragement， I made a resolution to have
a try.Having made full preparations， I was chosen chairman of the SU，
which was beyond my expectations.Indeed， it is the mutual trust and
help between friends that do make a great difference to us.
演示完毕 感谢观看 !
