|背|单|词|
一、阅读单词(明其义)
1．tornado n． 龙卷风；旋风
2．drought n. 旱灾；久旱
3．landslide n. (山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡
4．slide vi.& vt. (使)滑行；滑动
5．tsunami n. 海啸
6．magnitude n. 震级；重大
7．evacuate vt. 疏散；撤出
vi. 撤离
8．helicopter n. 直升机
9．crack n. 裂纹；裂缝
vi.& vt. (使)破裂
10．brick n. 砖；砖块
11．metal n. 金属
12．unify vi.& vt. 统一；(使)成一体
13．context n. 上下文；语境；背景
14．volcano n. 火山
15．typhoon n. 台风
16．hurricane n. (尤指西大西洋的)飓风
17．emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况
18．aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资
vi.& vt. 帮助；援助
19．kit n. 成套工具；成套设备
二、核心单词(书写准)
1．disaster n. 灾难；灾害
2．flood n. 洪水；大量
vi. 淹没；大量涌入
vt. 使灌满水；淹没
3．rescue n．& vt. 营救；救援
4．damage vt. 损害；破坏
n. 损坏；损失
5．destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭
6．shelter n. 避难处；居所；庇护
vt. 保护；掩蔽
vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
7．ruin n．& vt. 破坏；毁坏
8．percent n. 百分之……
adj.& adv. 每一百中
9．trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套
n. 险境；陷阱
10．bury vt. 埋葬；安葬
11．effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
12．supply n. 供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品
vt. 供应；供给
13．tap vi.& vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍
n. 水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
14．pipe n. 管子；管道
15．whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声
vt. 吹口哨
n. 哨子(声)；呼啸声
16．calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的
vt. 使平静；使镇静
17．crash vt.& vi. 碰撞；撞击
n. 撞车；碰撞
18．sweep vt.& vi. (swept，swept) 打扫；清扫
19．wave n. 海浪；波浪
vi.& vt. 挥手；招手
20．strike vi.& vt. 侵袭；突击；击打
n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
三、变形单词(晓其变)
1．die vi. 死；死亡
death n. 死；死亡
dead adj. 死的
deadly adj. 致命的
2．affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
affection n. 感情；喜爱
3．shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊
shocking adj. 令人震惊的
shocked adj. 震惊的
4．electric adj. 用电的；电动的
electricity n. 电；电能
electrical adj. 与电有关的
5．breath n. 呼吸
breathe vi.& vt. 呼吸
6．revive vt.& vi. 复活；(使)苏醒
revival n. 振兴；复苏
7．wise adj. 充满智慧的；明智的；英明的
wisdom n. 智慧；才智
8．suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受vi.受苦
suffering n. 折磨；苦难；痛苦
9．erupt vi.& vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出
eruption n. 喷发；(战争、怒气等的)爆发
10．survive vi. 生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过
survival n. 幸存
survivor n. 幸存者
11．power n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
powerful adj. 有权势的；强有力的
powerless adj. 无权的；无能为力的
12．deliver vt.& vi. 递送；传达vt.发表
delivery n. 传送；递送；演讲方式
13．summary n. 总结；概括；概要
summarize v. 总结；概述
14．effect n. 影响；结果；效果
effective adj. 有效的
effectively adv. 有效地
15．long adj. 长的
length n. 长；长度
lengthen v. (使)变长
四、同“族”词汇(巧积累)
1．相互“帮助”
①aid v．& n． 援助；帮助
②help v．& n. 帮助
③assist v. 帮助；协助
④favour n. 帮忙
⑤support v．& n. 支持；帮助
2．多记名词后缀 th
①length 长；长度
②strength 体力；力量；长处
③depth 深度；最深处；深厚
④truth 事实；真相；真理
⑤growth 成长；生长；增长
⑥warmth 温暖；暖和；热情
|背|短|语|
1．as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
2．in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
3．in shock 震惊；吃惊
4．come to an end 结束；终结
5．dig out 挖掘出；发现
6．on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
7．nothing but 仅仅；只有
8．sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
9．cut across 抄近路穿过
10．get back up on one's feet 重新振作起来
11．in the open air 露天；在户外
12．carry out 执行；实施；贯彻；完成
13．out of gratitude 出于感激
14．fall down 跌倒；倒塌
15．in all directions 朝四面八方
|背|佳|句|
一、背教材原句，学高级句式
1．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！(as if引导表语从句或方式状语从句)
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
2．I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. (be doing ...when ...正在做……这时……)
当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。
二、背主题佳句，学出彩表达
单元主题：灾害救助
1．A severe earthquake destroyed almost everything, leaving badly damaged buildings.一场剧烈的地震几乎摧毁了一切，留下了严重受损的建筑物。
2．Rescue workers and soldiers are working day and night to make sure that people are safe.
救援工人和士兵们正日夜工作，以确保人们安全。
3．Rescue teams are providing food and water, and shelters have been set up by the government.
救援队正提供食物和水，政府已设立避难所。
4．Governments, organisations and individuals went all out to fight against the terrible disaster and supplied the disaster stricken areas with donations of money and materials.
政府、组织以及个人都全力以赴与这场可怕的灾难做斗争，并向受灾地区捐款、捐物。
|背|语|段|
以读促写：形体描写之“眼”
He nodded and bit his lip, tears welling up in his eyes. I hugged him firmly, patting his back gently. “I have faith in you and you will not be looked down upon. Instead, everyone will cheer for you when you are running！” David was inspired instantly and accepted to run. Seeing the determination in his eyes, I wiped the tears on his cheeks, promising to keep him company until the end of the competition.
他点点头，咬紧嘴唇，眼泪夺眶而出。我紧紧地抱住他，轻轻地拍拍他的后背，“我相信你，你不会被别人看不起的。反而你跑步时大家都会为你鼓劲！”大卫瞬间受到激励，同意继续跑。看到他坚毅的眼神，我擦去他脸上的泪珠，保证陪他一直到比赛的结束。
高分悟道 本段中使用了“tears welling up in his eyes(独立主格结构), Seeing the determination in his eyes(分词作状语)”等与眼有关的动作，描写出人物由伤心到坚定的心理状态的变化，形象地展现了大卫不服输的坚强性格。
高分有招 常见的与“眼”相关的高分词块有： stare/gaze at 凝视 glare at 怒视 glance/glimpse at 瞥一眼 one's eyes narrow 眯起眼睛 fix/focus one's eyes on 集中注意力于 catch/lose sight of 看见/看不见 keep an eye on 照看 meet one's eyes 接触某人的目光
本部分内容见《课前默写本》P625
一、变形词汇——练清易错微点
1．The (electric) went out during the storm.
2．She (breath) a sigh of relief when she found her key.
3．His (wise) was evident in his thoughtful decisions.
4．After the surgery, the patient experienced some (suffer)．
5．They felt (power) to stop the spread of the rumor.
6．The (deliver) of the pizza was surprisingly fast.
7．To (summary), the experiment was a success.
8．Walking can help (length) your lifespan.
9．Many people were injured and 3 people (death) in the accident.,易错微点
1．breath为名词，breathe为动词，仅一字母只差，词性却不同。breathe a sigh of relief意为“松了口气”。
2．suffer用作及物动词时，表示“遭受；蒙受”，其后常接pain, defeat, poverty, hunger, punishment, hardship, loss, damage等名词作宾语。suffering 为名词，意为“疼痛；苦难；痛苦”。
3．summarize 为动词，意为“总结”；词缀 ize使名词转化为动词，如：apologize 道歉，realize 实现；意识到。
二、重点词汇——练后拓展归纳
1．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
①The once vibrant forest was affected a strange disease, turning its leaves brown and lifeless.
②Many young people were affected by his story. They began to do voluntary work for the disabled.
→ ， many young people began to do voluntary work for the disabled.(用分词短语作状语合并句子)
③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Furthermore, random grouping could result in language skill gaps within the groups, which could of practicing oral skills.此外，随机分组可能会导致小组内的语言技能差距，这可能影响口语技能练习的效果。
(1)be affected by 受……的影响；被……感动
be affected with 感染……疾病
(2)affection n. 喜爱；感情
have affection for 喜爱；钟爱
(3)effect n. 影响；效果
have an effect on 对……产生影响
2．ruin n．& vt.废墟；破坏；毁坏
①After the storm passed, the village lay ruins, with shattered roofs and uprooted trees everywhere.
②The news of their hometown being reduced to (ruin) spread across social media, filling everyone with sorrow.
③(话题写作之健康生活)Regularly consuming junk food can over time.
经常食用垃圾食品可能会逐渐损害一个人的健康。
(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡
ruin one's health/fame/image/future 毁掉某人的健康/声誉/形象/前途
3.shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊
①(语段练习)It was great shock to me, a high school student, when I failed my math test. I was shocked (realize) how much I had overlooked in my studies.
②(心理描写) ，I was at a loss what to say.
意想不到的客人和礼物让我大吃一惊，我不知所措该说什么。
③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)I simply ， and my feet, as if rooted to the ground, couldn't move a bit.
我只是震惊地站在那里，脚好像扎根在地上一样，一动也不能动。
(1)a great shock to sb. 对某人来说是极大的震惊
in shock 震惊；吃惊
(2)shocking adj. 令人震惊的
(3)shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的
be shocked at/by ... 对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊
4．bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏
①(动作、情绪描写)Jennifer sat on the floor， ， and her body trembled as she softly began to cry.
詹妮弗坐在地板上，双手掩面，身体颤抖着，轻声地开始哭泣。
②(一句多译)我每天专心于读英文报并获得了丰富的知识。
→I reading the English newspapers every day and I have gained abundant knowledge.
→ reading the English newspapers every day, I have gained abundant knowledge.(分词短语作状语)
埋头于；专心于
(2)bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面
名师指津：be buried in＝bury oneself in意为“埋头于；专心于”，在句中作状语，含有反身代词时动词bury用现在分词形式，反之用过去分词形式。
5．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
①(语段练习)When it comes to study, we all know that effort, difficult problems will become easy, but effort, even simple equations (方程式) can be challenging. So we need to spare no effort (learn) knowledge well.
②(演讲稿)Whatever I do in the future, I'll .
无论我将来做什么，我都会努力实现我的目标。
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事
(2)with effort 努力地
without effort 毫不费力地；容易地
6．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品vt.供应；供给
①(语段练习)In our school, time seems to be short supply, especially before exams. However, we have good supply of books and resources in the library, which helps us study effectively.
②(一句多译)此外，夏令营还为会员提供了一个参观一些博物馆的机会。
→In addition, the camp a chance to visit some museums.
→Besides, the camp members to visit some museums.
(1)in short supply 短缺
have a good supply of ... 备有许多……
为某人提供某物
联想发散：表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有：
①provide sb. with sth.＝provide sth. for/to sb.
②offer sb. sth.＝offer sth. to sb.
7．survive vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过
①After the storm, they had to survive limited food and water.
②Despite the grief of losing her lifelong companion, Mary managed to survive her husband 10 years, cherishing the memory of their love.
③(主旨升华句)Life isn't about ； it's about learning to dance in the rain.
生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。
④(话题写作之灾害救助)After the hurricane swept through the town, .
在飓风席卷这个小镇后，许多人努力存活下来。
(1)survive from ... 从……存活下来
survive on ... 依靠……生存下来
survive ...by ... 比……多活了……
(2)survivor n. 幸存者
survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物
名师指津：survive 表示“幸存；幸免于难”时，是及物动词，因而不要加多余的介词in, from等。
8．strike vi.& vt.侵袭；突击；击打n.罢工；罢课；袭击
① (strike) by the beauty of the West Lake, we stopped to admire it.
②The realization that I forgot my homework struck panic my heart.
③(人物描写) Sarah's kindness was something special and that she always spent time helping others with a smile.
我突然想到，萨拉的善良真的很特别，她总是带着微笑花时间帮助别人。
④(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷写作) was how different it felt to draw outside rather than in a classroom.
让我印象最深刻的是，在户外画画和在教室里画画感觉完全不同。
(1)be struck by 被……打动/迷住
strike ...into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心
It struck sb. that ... 某人突然想起……
(2)be on strike 在罢工
go on strike 举行罢工
(3)striking adj. 引人注目的；突出的
联想发散：表示“某人突然想起……”的常用结构还有：It hit sb. that ...和It occurred to sb. that ...。
9．effect n．影响；结果；效果
①(语段练习)The school's new method for providing extra tutoring will (effect) help students grasp complex subjects better. This comes effect from next semester, ensuring more focused learning.
②As is known to all, since the policy ， the pollution has been greatly reduced.
众所周知，自从实行这项政策以来，污染大大减少了。
③(环境描写) It struck me that the beauty and peace of nature my well being, bringing a sense of peace and refreshment.
我突然想到大自然的美丽和宁静对我的健康产生了深远的影响，给我带来了平静和焕发活力的感觉。
(1)come into/take effect 生效；见效
have an effect on/upon 对……产生影响
bring/carry/put ...into effect 实施；使……生效/起作用
side effect 副作用
in effect 实际上；事实上
(2)effective adj. 有效的；有影响的；实际的
effectively adv. 有效地；实际上
三、重点短语——练后查找疏漏
come to an end结束；终结
①As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. Many of their families were struggling to make (end) meet.
②It's hoped that the project may school bullying in the area.人们希望这个项目可以结束该地区的校园欺凌。
③We must ， not giving it up halfway.我们必须将这个实验进行到底，不要中途放弃。
④(主旨升华句)After years of hard work and dedication, our journey ， but it is just the beginning of a new chapter in our lives.经过多年的努力和奉献，我们的旅程已经结束，但这只是我们生活中新篇章的开始。
bring/put an end to sth.＝bring/put sth.to an end 结束/终止某事
carry ...through to the end 将……进行到底
make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出
by the end of 到……为止
in the end 最后；终于
四、一词多义——语境中辨词义(对应右栏词义填代码)
1.①The villagers were frightened to see that the river would burst its bank and flood their homes. ②Without the reservoir, there would have been a terrible flood. ③The field flooded after the heavy rain. ④They could suddenly afford to buy household goods thanks to a flood of imports from another country. ⑤I felt happiness and relief flooding over me after my son came home from the front. ⑥The heavy rainfall flooded the city streets, making it difficult for cars to pass. 1.flood A．n.洪水 B．n.大量 (熟词生义) C．vi.淹没 D．vi.大量涌入(熟词生义) E．vt 使灌满水 F．vt.淹没
2.①The story about the dog's loyalty affected all who heard it. ②The cold weather affected our plans to go swimming. ③Many people were affected by the flu this winter. 2.affect A．vt.影响 B．vt.(疾病)侵袭 C．vt.深深打动(熟词生义)
3.①His hand was so cold and he was unconscious. I feared he was going into shock. ②The scene in the movie shocked many viewers. ③The news of the accident left us all in shock. ④It was a shock to discover the corruption within the company. 3.shock A．n.震惊 B．n.令人震惊的事 C．n.休克 D．vt.(使)震惊
4.①Here's one possibility: The word “marriage” means different things in different contexts. ②In this course we hope to look at literature in the frame of its social and historical context. ③You should be able to guess the meaning of the word from the context. 4.context A．n.上下文 B．n.语境 C．n.背景
5.①He gave a wave before getting on the bus. ②When he saw his friend in the crowd, he waved to get his attention. ③The waves at the beach were huge, perfect for surfing. ④She waved goodbye to her friends as she left school. 5.wave A．n.海浪；波浪 B．n.挥手 C．vi.& vt.挥手 D．vi.& vt.招手(熟词生义)
数智赋能 随堂训练—用单元所学知识补全语段
(2024·浙江1月高考·阅读理解C篇)On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary's southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.But farmers in east central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.“Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary Edmonton urban area from hail，” Mr.Stienwand says, “but they're increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc.of Fargo, North Dakota.“We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought，” Dr.Krauss says.“In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma.“In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas，” Dr.Doswell says.“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt, Mr.Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.,
[真题评价]
1．What does the project aim to do？( )
A．Conserve moisture in the soil.
B．Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C．Forecast disastrous hailstorms.
D．Investigate chemical use in farming.
2．Who are opposed to the project？( )
A．Farmers in east central Alberta.
B．Managers of insurance companies.
C．Provincial government officials.
D．Residents of Calgary and Edmonton.
3．Why does Dr.Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999？( )
A．To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B．To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C．To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D．To show the link between storms and moisture.
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph？( )
A．Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B．Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C．The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D．Cloud seeding companies will continue to exist.
[语篇精读]
一、理文脉，把握文章大意
本文是一篇说明文，采用了“问题—解决”型的语篇模式。
二、拓词汇，厚积语基语料
1．因境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的词性及含义)
①(熟词生义)Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.
②(熟词生义)But farmers in east central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
③(熟词生义)Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.
2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思)
①ice crystals
②the provincial government
③opposite effect
④lack of scientific proof
⑤win a lawsuit against
三、析难句，破解阅读障碍
1．Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.
抓标志：从属连词
判类型：主句＋目的状语＋时间状语从句
试翻译：飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶还没来得及变成危险的冰雹就像雨一样落下。
2．But farmers in east central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
抓标志：从属连词
判类型：主句＋宾语从句
试翻译：但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“防雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干旱的土地上偷走。
由教材典句，学高级表达
句式1 as if引导表语从句或方式状语从句
|解|读|规|则|
(1)as if相当于as though，意为“似乎，好像”，用在seem, look等系动词之后引导表语从句。as if/though还可引导方式状语从句。
(2)如果所引导的从句表示的是真实的或极有可能发生的情况时，从句要用陈述语气。
(3)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。
①当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词一般用were)；
②当从句表示与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用过去完成时(had＋过去分词)；
③当从句表示与将来事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用would/could/might＋动词原形。
(4)as if/though引导的从句中的主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常可以省略。
|习|练|规|则| (变换句式)
①Listen, the whistle of an ambulance！It seems as if there (be) an emergency.
②When a pencil is partly put into water, it looks as if it (be) broken.
③The old man was lying on the ground as if he was badly hurt.
→The old man was lying on the ground as if .(状语从句的省略)
|应|用|写|美|
④(场景描写)一靠近房子的时候，我注意到爸爸妈妈站在那辆旧卡车旁边，看起来很悲伤。 好像发生了什么不愉快的事情。
Upon approaching the house, I noticed my dad and mom standing beside the old truck, looking sad. It seemed .
⑤(神情描写)杰克什么也没说，但老师对他笑了笑，好像他做了一件非常聪明的事。
Jack wasn't saying anything but the teacher smiled at him very clever.
句式2 be doing sth. when ...“正在做某事，这时……”
|解|读|规|则|
句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时(突然)”，还用于以下句型：
(1)be about to do ...when ...正要做……这时……
(2)be on the point of doing ...when ...
正要做……这时……
(3)had (just/hardly) done ...when ...
刚做完……这时……
(hardly位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装)
|习|练|规|则| (变换句式)
①She was walking along the bank of the river, and just at that time she heard a cry for help.
→She she heard a cry for help.
②I had hardly got home when I took out my suitcase and packed my necessities into it.
→Hardly and packed my necessities into it.
|应|用|写|美|
③(动作描写)她正要把花送给李先生，突然摔倒在地。
④(场景描写)我刚刚从着火的房子里逃出来，这时房子塌了。
建构语义场，丰富语料库
子语境(一) 自然灾害
1．in the open air 露天；在户外
2．in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
3．in shock 震惊；吃惊
4．sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
5．bring about 引起；导致
6．The whole city was in shock, and the air was filled with dust and screams of those trapped and those who couldn't find their loved ones.
整个城市陷入了震惊，空气中弥漫着尘土和被困者的尖叫声，以及那些找不到亲人的人的呼喊声。
7．The hurricane brought strong winds and heavy rain, causing flooding and power shutdowns.
飓风带来了强风和暴雨，导致洪水泛滥和停电。
子语境(二) 灾难救助
1．be filled with充满 2.respond quickly迅速反应
3．rescue groups救援队 4.medical supplies医疗用品
5．With every breath filled with dust, they began their efforts to rescue those trapped.呼吸中还带有灰尘，他们就开始努力营救那些被困的人。
6．Some built temporary shelters in the open air, using whatever materials they could find.
有些人在露天地方用他们能找到的任何材料搭建临时避难所。
子语境(三) 灾后重建
1．be affected by 受……影响
2．be faced with 面对
3．show great strength 展现巨大的力量
4．take on a new look 呈现新面貌
5．The survivors were determined to rebuild their lives.
幸存者们决心重建他们的生活。
6．They united together, transforming their grief into a driving force to survive and rebuild.
他们团结在一起，将他们的悲痛转化为生存和重建的驱动力。
主题微写作，勤练笔不辍
(一)应用单元所学补全语段(黑体字为单元词汇的复现)
Deep feelings during disaster
① (当灾难来临时), the true essence of humanity is revealed.
Drought, landslides, and floods can ② (造成严重破坏), trapping survivors under ruins as if a giant had crushed their homes with bricks. ③ (震惊中), communities come together, ④ (救援那些被埋的人), who struggle to breathe. ⑤ (将智慧与行动统一起来作出的努力) become evident as people suffer together. ⑥ (物资和援助) are rushed to shelters, where ⑦ (团结的力量) shines brightly. Survivors share stories with weary faces but ⑧ (充满感激) for the hands that pulled them from the ruins.
In these moments, the destruction pales compared to the spirit of rescue and mutual care.
(二)主题语段的细节描写训练
灾后重建(表达逻辑：团结→展望)
After the disaster, ① (各行各业的人们) worked together to rebuild the city. Engineers ② (设计新建筑); construction workers ③ (清理废墟) and built structures. Teachers educated children in temporary schools, while ④ (医生治疗受伤者). Volunteers cooked meals and ⑤ (分发物资). Everyone played a role, showing determination and teamwork. In the future, the city will rise again, ⑥ (更加坚实和持久), with everyone's hard work and dedication.
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
[课堂学案·过词汇关]
一、变形词汇
1.electricity 2.breathed 3.wisdom 4.suffering 5.powerless
6.delivery 7.summarize 8.lengthen 9.died
二、重点词汇
1.①with ②Affected by his story ③affect the effectiveness
2.①in ②ruins ③ruin one’s health
3.①a; to realize ②Shocked at the unexpected guest and gift
③stood there in shock
4.①burying her face in her hands
②bury myself/am buried in; Burying myself/Buried in
5.①with; without; to learn
②make an effort/efforts/every effort to achieve my goals
6.①in; a ②supplies members with; supplies a chance to
7.①on ②by ③how to survive the storm ④it was a struggle for many people to survive/many people struggled to survive
8.①Struck ②into ③It struck me that
④What struck me most
9.①effectively; into ②was put/brought/carried into effect
③have a profound effect on/upon
三、重点短语
①ends ②bring/put an end to
③carry the experiment through to the end ④has come to an end
四、一词多义
1.①F ②A ③C ④B ⑤D ⑥E 2.①C ②A ③B
3.①C②D③A④B4.①B②C③A5.①B②D③A④C
[迁移应用·过阅读关]
[真题评价]
[价值导向] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大的防雹干预计划之争。选文提醒我们既要认识自然灾害,有灾害防范意识,又要辩证思考面对灾害的最佳解决方式,提高应对灾害的能力。
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D
[语篇精读]
二、1.①v.播撒 ②adj.干旱的 ③v.发表演讲
2.①冰晶 ②省政府 ③相反的效果 ④缺乏科学证据
⑤赢得对……的诉讼
三、1.before 2.that
[发展提升·过表达关]
由教材典句,学高级表达
[句式1] ①is ②were ③badly hurt ④as if something unpleasant happened ⑤as if he had done something
[句式2] ①was walking along the bank of the river when ②had I got home when I took out my suitcase ③She was about to present Mr Li with the flowers when she fell to the ground. ④I had just escaped from the burning house when it fell to the ground.
主题微写作,勤练笔不辍
(一)①When disaster strikes ②cause serious damage ③In shock
④rescuing those buried ⑤Efforts to unify wisdom and action
⑥Supplies and aid ⑦the power of unity
⑧filled with gratitude
(二)①people from all walks of life ②designed new buildings
③cleared ruins ④doctors treated the injured
⑤distributed supplies ⑥stronger and more enduring
22 / 22(共180张PPT)
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
目录
CONTENTS
迁移应用—过阅读关
03.
发展提升—过表达关
04.
自主学习—过识记关
01.
课堂学案—过词汇关
02.
课下双测—过高考关
05.
1
自主学习—过识记关
|背|单|词|
一、阅读单词(明其义)
1．tornado n． 龙卷风；旋风
2．drought n. 旱灾；久旱
3．landslide n. (山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡
4．slide vi.& vt. (使)滑行；滑动
5．tsunami n. 海啸
6．magnitude n. 震级；重大
7．evacuate vt. 疏散；撤出
vi. 撤离
8．helicopter n. 直升机
9．crack n. 裂纹；裂缝
vi.& vt. (使)破裂
10．brick n. 砖；砖块
11．metal n. 金属
12．unify vi.& vt. 统一；(使)成一体
13．context n. 上下文；语境；背景
14．volcano n. 火山
15．typhoon n. 台风
16．hurricane n. (尤指西大西洋的)飓风
17．emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况
18．aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资
vi.& vt. 帮助；援助
19．kit n. 成套工具；成套设备
二、核心单词(书写准)
1．disaster n. 灾难；灾害
2．flood n. 洪水；大量
vi. 淹没；大量涌入
vt. 使灌满水；淹没
3．rescue n．& vt. 营救；救援
4．damage vt. 损害；破坏
n. 损坏；损失
5．destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭
6．shelter n. 避难处；居所；庇护
vt. 保护；掩蔽
vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
7．ruin n．& vt. 破坏；毁坏
8．percent n. 百分之……
adj.& adv. 每一百中
9．trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套
n. 险境；陷阱
10．bury vt. 埋葬；安葬
11．effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
12．supply n. 供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品
vt. 供应；供给
13．tap vi.& vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍
n. 水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
14．pipe n. 管子；管道
15．whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声
vt. 吹口哨
n. 哨子(声)；呼啸声
16．calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的
vt. 使平静；使镇静
17．crash vt.& vi. 碰撞；撞击
n. 撞车；碰撞
18．sweep vt.& vi. (swept，swept) 打扫；清扫
19．wave n. 海浪；波浪
vi.& vt. 挥手；招手
20．strike vi.& vt. 侵袭；突击；击打
n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
三、变形单词(晓其变)
1．die vi. 死；死亡
death n. 死；死亡
dead adj. 死的
deadly adj. 致命的
2．affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
affection n. 感情；喜爱
3．shock n． 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊
shocking adj. 令人震惊的
shocked adj. 震惊的
4．electric adj. 用电的；电动的
electricity n. 电；电能
electrical adj. 与电有关的
5．breath n. 呼吸
breathe vi.& vt. 呼吸
6．revive vt.& vi. 复活；(使)苏醒
revival n. 振兴；复苏
7．wise adj. 充满智慧的；明智的；英明的
wisdom n. 智慧；才智
8．suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受vi.受苦
suffering n. 折磨；苦难；痛苦
9．erupt vi.& vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出
eruption n. 喷发；(战争、怒气等的)爆发
10．survive vi. 生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过
survival n. 幸存
survivor n. 幸存者
11．power n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
powerful adj. 有权势的；强有力的
powerless adj. 无权的；无能为力的
12．deliver vt.& vi. 递送；传达vt.发表
delivery n. 传送；递送；演讲方式
13．summary n. 总结；概括；概要
summarize v. 总结；概述
14．effect n. 影响；结果；效果
effective adj. 有效的
effectively adv. 有效地
15．long adj. 长的
length n. 长；长度
lengthen v. (使)变长
四、同“族”词汇(巧积累)
1．相互“帮助”
①aid v．& n． 援助；帮助
②help v．& n. 帮助
③assist v. 帮助；协助
④favour n. 帮忙
⑤support v．& n. 支持；帮助
2．多记名词后缀-th
①length 长；长度
②strength 体力；力量；长处
③depth 深度；最深处；深厚
④truth 事实；真相；真理
⑤growth 成长；生长；增长
⑥warmth 温暖；暖和；热情
|背|短|语|
1．as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
2．in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
3．in shock 震惊；吃惊
4．come to an end 结束；终结
5．dig out 挖掘出；发现
6．on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
7．nothing but 仅仅；只有
8．sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
9．cut across 抄近路穿过
10．get back up on one's feet 重新振作起来
11．in the open air 露天；在户外
12．carry out 执行；实施；贯彻；完成
13．out of gratitude 出于感激
14．fall down 跌倒；倒塌
15．in all directions 朝四面八方
|背|佳|句|
一、背教材原句，学高级句式
1．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！(as if引导表语从句或方式状语从句)
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
2．I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. (be doing ...when ...正在做……这时……)
当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。
二、背主题佳句，学出彩表达
单元主题：灾害救助
1．A severe earthquake destroyed almost everything, leaving badly damaged buildings.
一场剧烈的地震几乎摧毁了一切，留下了严重受损的建筑物。
2．Rescue workers and soldiers are working day and night to make sure that people are safe.
救援工人和士兵们正日夜工作，以确保人们安全。
3．Rescue teams are providing food and water, and shelters have been set up by the government.
救援队正提供食物和水，政府已设立避难所。
4．Governments, organisations and individuals went all out to fight against the terrible disaster and supplied the disaster-stricken areas with donations of money and materials.
政府、组织以及个人都全力以赴与这场可怕的灾难做斗争，并向受灾地区捐款、捐物。
|背|语|段|
以读促写：形体描写之“眼”
He nodded and bit his lip, tears welling up in his eyes. I hugged him firmly, patting his back gently. “I have faith in you and you will not be looked down upon. Instead, everyone will cheer for you when you are running！” David was inspired instantly and accepted to run. Seeing the determination in his eyes, I wiped the tears on his cheeks, promising to keep him company until the end of the competition.
他点点头，咬紧嘴唇，眼泪夺眶而出。我紧紧地抱住他，轻轻地拍拍他的后背，“我相信你，你不会被别人看不起的。反而你跑步时大家都会为你鼓劲！”大卫瞬间受到激励，同意继续跑。看到他坚毅的眼神，我擦去他脸上的泪珠，保证陪他一直到比赛的结束。
高分悟道 本段中使用了“tears welling up in his eyes(独立主格结构), Seeing the determination in his eyes(分词作状语)”等与眼有关的动作，描写出人物由伤心到坚定的心理状态的变化，形象地展现了大卫不服输的坚强性格。
续
表
高分有招 常见的与“眼”相关的高分词块有：
stare/gaze at 凝视
glare at 怒视
glance/glimpse at 瞥一眼
one's eyes narrow 眯起眼睛
fix/focus one's eyes on 集中注意力于
catch/lose sight of 看见/看不见
keep an eye on 照看
meet one's eyes 接触某人的目光
一、默写核心单词
1．face a 面对灾难
2．victims of the 洪水受害者
3． workers 救援工人
4．minimize the 把损失减到最小
disaster
flood
rescue
damage
5．a house by fire 被大火摧毁的房子
6．emergency 紧急避难所
7．the of the ancient city 古城的遗迹
8．one hundred 百分之百
9．escape from a 从陷阱中逃脱
10． oneself in work 埋头于工作
destroyed
shelters
ruins
percent
trap
bury
11．require great 需要巨大努力
12． food to those in need 向有需要的人提供食物
13．the water 水龙头
14．water 水管
15．blow a 吹哨子
effort
supply
tap
pipes
whistle
16．keep 保持镇静
17． into a tree 撞上一棵树
18． the floor 扫地
19．ride a 冲浪
20．lightning 雷击
calm
crash
sweep
wave
strikes
二、默写变形单词
(依据语境提示在横线上写出单词的正确形式)
affected
affection
shock
shocking
shocked
breath
breathe
wise
wisdom
suffer
suffering
survive
survival
survivors
power
powerful
powerless
effect
effective
effectively
long
length
lengthen
三、默写重点短语
1． 似乎；好像；仿佛
2． 严重受损；破败不堪
3． 震惊；吃惊
4． 结束；终结
5． 挖掘出；发现
as if
in ruins
in shock
come to an end
dig out
6． 现有(尤指帮助)
7． 仅仅；只有
8． 消灭；彻底消除
9． 抄近路穿过
10． 重新振作起来
on hand
nothing but
sweep away
cut across
get back up on one's feet
11． 露天；在户外
12． 执行；实施；贯彻；完成
13． 出于感激
14． 跌倒；倒塌
15． 朝四面八方
in the open air
carry out
out of gratitude
fall down
in all directions
四、默写经典句式(完成句子)
1．It seemed !
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
2．I water started filling my home.
当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。
as if the world were coming to an end
was having breakfast with my three children when
2
课堂学案—过词汇关
一、变形词汇——练清易错微点
1．The (electric) went out during the storm.
2．She (breath) a sigh of relief when she found her key.
3．His (wise) was evident in his thoughtful decisions.
4．After the surgery, the patient experienced some (suffer)．
electricity
breathed
wisdom
suffering
5．They felt (power) to stop the spread of the rumor.
6．The (deliver) of the pizza was surprisingly fast.
7．To (summary), the experiment was a success.
8．Walking can help (length) your lifespan.
9．Many people were injured and 3 people (death) in the accident.
powerless
delivery
summarize
lengthen
died
易错微点
1．breath为名词，breathe为动词，仅一字母只差，词性却不同。breathe a sigh of relief意为“松了口气”。
2．suffer用作及物动词时，表示“遭受；蒙受”，其后常接pain, defeat, poverty, hunger, punishment, hardship, loss, damage等名词作宾语。suffering 为名词，意为“疼痛；苦难；痛苦”。
3．summarize 为动词，意为“总结”；词缀-ize使名词转化为动词，如：apologize 道歉，realize 实现；意识到。
二、重点词汇——练后拓展归纳
1．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
①The once vibrant forest was affected a strange disease, turning its leaves brown and lifeless.
②Many young people were affected by his story. They began to do voluntary work for the disabled.
→ , many young people began to do voluntary work for the disabled.(用分词短语作状语合并句子)
with
Affected by his story
③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Furthermore, random grouping could result in language skill gaps within the groups, which could _________
of practicing oral skills.
此外，随机分组可能会导致小组内的语言技能差距，这可能影响口语技能练习的效果。
affect the
effectiveness
(1)be affected by 受……的影响；被……感动
be affected with 感染……疾病
(2)affection n. 喜爱；感情
have affection for 喜爱；钟爱
(3)effect n. 影响；效果
have an effect on 对……产生影响
2．ruin n．& vt.废墟；破坏；毁坏
①After the storm passed, the village lay ruins, with shattered roofs and uprooted trees everywhere.
②The news of their hometown being reduced to (ruin) spread across social media, filling everyone with sorrow.
③(话题写作之健康生活)Regularly consuming junk food can ____
over time.
经常食用垃圾食品可能会逐渐损害一个人的健康。
in
ruins
ruin
one's health
(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡
ruin one's health/fame/image/future
毁掉某人的健康/声誉/形象/前途
3．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊
①(语段练习)It was great shock to me, a high school student, when I failed my math test. I was shocked (realize) how much I had overlooked in my studies.
②(心理描写) ，I was at a loss what to say.
意想不到的客人和礼物让我大吃一惊，我不知所措该说什么。
a
to realize
Shocked at the unexpected guest and gift
③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)I simply , and my feet, as if rooted to the ground, couldn't move a bit.
我只是震惊地站在那里，脚好像扎根在地上一样，一动也不能动。
stood there in shock
(1)a great shock to sb. 对某人来说是极大的震惊
in shock 震惊；吃惊
(2)shocking adj. 令人震惊的
(3)shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的
be shocked at/by ... 对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊
4.bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏
①(动作、情绪描写)Jennifer sat on the floor，________________
, and her body trembled as she softly began to cry.
詹妮弗坐在地板上，双手掩面，身体颤抖着，轻声地开始哭泣。
burying her face
in her hands
②(一句多译)我每天专心于读英文报并获得了丰富的知识。
→I reading the English newspapers every day and I have gained abundant knowledge.
→ reading the English newspapers every day, I have gained abundant knowledge.(分词短语作状语)
bury myself/am buried in
Burying myself/Buried in
(2)bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面
名师指津：be buried in＝bury oneself in意为“埋头于；专心于”，在句中作状语，含有反身代词时动词bury用现在分词形式，反之用过去分词形式。
5．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
①(语段练习)When it comes to study, we all know that effort, difficult problems will become easy, but effort, even simple equations (方程式) can be challenging. So we need to spare no effort __
(learn) knowledge well.
②(演讲稿)Whatever I do in the future, I'll____________________
.
无论我将来做什么，我都会努力实现我的目标。
with
without
to
learn
make an effort/efforts/
every effort to achieve my goals
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事
(2)with effort 努力地
without effort 毫不费力地；容易地
6．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品vt.供应；供给
①(语段练习)In our school, time seems to be short supply, especially before exams. However, we have good supply of books and resources in the library, which helps us study effectively.
in
a
②(一句多译)此外，夏令营还为会员提供了一个参观一些博物馆的机会。
→In addition, the camp a chance to visit some museums.
→Besides, the camp members to visit some museums.
supplies members with
supplies a chance to
(1)in short supply 短缺
have a good supply of ... 备有许多……
联想发散：表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有：
①provide sb. with sth.＝provide sth. for/to sb.
②offer sb. sth.＝offer sth. to sb.
7．survive vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过
①After the storm, they had to survive limited food and water.
②Despite the grief of losing her lifelong companion, Mary managed to survive her husband 10 years, cherishing the memory of their love.
on
by
③(主旨升华句)Life isn't about ；it's about learning to dance in the rain.
生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。
④(话题写作之灾害救助)After the hurricane swept through the town,_______________________________________________________
.
在飓风席卷这个小镇后，许多人努力存活下来。
how to survive the storm
it was a struggle for many people to survive/many people
struggled to survive
(1)survive from ... 从……存活下来
survive on ... 依靠……生存下来
survive ...by ... 比……多活了……
(2)survivor n. 幸存者
survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物
名师指津：survive 表示“幸存；幸免于难”时，是及物动词，因而不要加多余的介词in, from等。
8．strike vi.& vt.侵袭；突击；击打n.罢工；罢课；袭击
① (strike) by the beauty of the West Lake, we stopped to admire it.
②The realization that I forgot my homework struck panic ____my heart.
Struck
into
③(人物描写) Sarah's kindness was something special and that she always spent time helping others with a smile.
我突然想到，萨拉的善良真的很特别，她总是带着微笑花时间帮助别人。
④(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷写作) was how different it felt to draw outside rather than in a classroom.
让我印象最深刻的是，在户外画画和在教室里画画感觉完全不同。
It struck me that
What struck me most
(1)be struck by 被……打动/迷住
strike ...into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心
It struck sb. that ... 某人突然想起……
(2)be on strike 在罢工
go on strike 举行罢工
(3)striking adj. 引人注目的；突出的
联想发散：表示“某人突然想起……”的常用结构还有：It hit sb. that ...和It occurred to sb. that ...。
9．effect n．影响；结果；效果
①(语段练习)The school's new method for providing extra tutoring will (effect) help students grasp complex subjects better. This comes effect from next semester, ensuring more focused learning.
②As is known to all, since the policy___________________________
, the pollution has been greatly reduced.
众所周知，自从实行这项政策以来，污染大大减少了。
effectively
into
was put/brought/carried into
effect
③(环境描写) It struck me that the beauty and peace of nature
my well-being, bringing a sense of peace and refreshment.
我突然想到大自然的美丽和宁静对我的健康产生了深远的影响，给我带来了平静和焕发活力的感觉。
have a profound effect on/upon
(1)come into/take effect 生效；见效
have an effect on/upon 对……产生影响
bring/carry/put ...into effect 实施；使……生效/起作用
side effect 副作用
in effect 实际上；事实上
(2)effective adj. 有效的；有影响的；实际的
effectively adv. 有效地；实际上
三、重点短语——练后查找疏漏
come to an end结束；终结
①As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. Many of their families were struggling to make (end) meet.
②It's hoped that the project may school bullying in the area.
人们希望这个项目可以结束该地区的校园欺凌。
ends
bring/put an end to
③We must , not giving it up halfway.
我们必须将这个实验进行到底，不要中途放弃。
④(主旨升华句)After years of hard work and dedication, our journey
, but it is just the beginning of a new chapter in our lives.
经过多年的努力和奉献，我们的旅程已经结束，但这只是我们生活中新篇章的开始。
carry the experiment through to the end
has come to an end
bring/put an end to sth.＝bring/put sth.to an end
结束/终止某事
carry ...through to the end 将……进行到底
make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出
by the end of 到……为止
in the end 最后；终于
四、一词多义——语境中辨词义(对应右栏词义填代码)
1.①The villagers were frightened to see that the river would burst its bank and flood their homes. ___ ②Without the reservoir, there would have been a terrible flood. ___ ③The field flooded after the heavy rain. ___ ④They could suddenly afford to buy household goods thanks to a flood of imports from another country. ___ ⑤I felt happiness and relief flooding over me after my son came home from the front. ___ ⑥The heavy rainfall flooded the city streets, making it difficult for cars to pass. ___ 1.flood
A.n.洪水
B.n.大量
(熟词生义)
C.vi.淹没
D.vi.大量涌入
(熟词生义)
E.vt 使灌满水
F.vt.淹没
F
A
C
B
D
E
2.①The story about the dog's loyalty affected all who heard it. ___ ②The cold weather affected our plans to go swimming. ___ ③Many people were affected by the flu this winter. __ 2.affect
A.vt.影响
B.vt.(疾病)侵袭
C.vt.深深打动
(熟词生义)
C
A
B
3.①His hand was so cold and he was unconscious. I feared he was going into shock. ___ ②The scene in the movie shocked many viewers. ___ ③The news of the accident left us all in shock. ___ ④It was a shock to discover the corruption within the company. ___ 3.shock
A.n.震惊
B.n.令人震惊的事
C.n.休克
D.vt.(使)震惊
C
D
A
B
4.①Here's one possibility: The word “marriage” means different things in different contexts. ___ ②In this course we hope to look at literature in the frame of its social and historical context. ___ ③You should be able to guess the meaning of the word from the context. ____ 4.context
A.n.上下文
B.n.语境
C.n.背景
B
C
A
5.①He gave a wave before getting on the bus. ___ ②When he saw his friend in the crowd, he waved to get his attention. ___ ③The waves at the beach were huge, perfect for surfing. ___ ④She waved goodbye to her friends as she left school. ___ 5.wave
A.n.海浪；波浪
B.n.挥手
C.vi.& vt.挥手
D.vi.& vt.招手
(熟词生义)
B
D
A
C
数智赋能 随堂训练—用单元所学知识补全语段
3
迁移应用—过阅读关
(说明：文中加蓝词汇为本单元主题词汇)
(2024·浙江1月高考·阅读理解C篇)On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary's southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.“Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail，” Mr.Stienwand says, “but they're increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc.of Fargo, North Dakota.“We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought，” Dr.Krauss says.“In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma.“In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas，” Dr.Doswell says.“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt, Mr.Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
[真题评价]
[价值导向] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大的防雹干预计划之争。选文提醒我们既要认识自然灾害，有灾害防范意识，又要辩证思考面对灾害的最佳解决方式，提高应对灾害的能力。
√
1．What does the project aim to do
A．Conserve moisture in the soil.
B．Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C．Forecast disastrous hailstorms.
D．Investigate chemical use in farming.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a result ...dangerous hailstones.”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。
√
2．Who are opposed to the project
A．Farmers in east-central Alberta.
B．Managers of insurance companies.
C．Provincial government officials.
D．Residents of Calgary and Edmonton.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east-central Alberta ...worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.”可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。
3．Why does Dr.Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999
A．To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B．To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C．To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D．To show the link between storms and moisture.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了提示人工降雨可能带来的危险。
√
√
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B．Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C．The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D．Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Due to the lack of scientific proof ...a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.”可推知，人工降雨公司将继续存在。
[语篇精读]
一、理文脉，把握文章大意
本文是一篇说明文，
采用了“问题—解决”
型的语篇模式。
二、拓词汇，厚积语基语料
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的词性及含义)
①(熟词生义)Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones._______
②(熟词生义)But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.__________
v.播撒
adj.干旱的
③(熟词生义)Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.___________
v.发表演讲
2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思)
①ice crystals _____
②the provincial government _______
③opposite effect ___________
④lack of scientific proof ______________
⑤win a lawsuit against _________________
冰晶
省政府
相反的效果
缺乏科学证据
赢得对……的诉讼
三、析难句，破解阅读障碍
1．Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.
抓标志：从属连词_______
判类型：主句＋目的状语＋时间状语从句
试翻译：飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶还没来得及变成危险的冰雹就像雨一样落下。
before
2．But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
抓标志：从属连词_____
判类型：主句＋宾语从句
试翻译：但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“防雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干旱的土地上偷走。
that
4
发展提升—过表达关
由教材典句，学高级表达
句式1 as if 引导表语从句或方式状语从句
|解|读|规|则|
(1)as if相当于as though，意为“似乎，好像”，用在seem, look等系动词之后引导表语从句。as if/though还可引导方式状语从句。
(2)如果所引导的从句表示的是真实的或极有可能发生的情况时，从句要用陈述语气。
(3)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。
①当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词一般用were)；
②当从句表示与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用过去完成时(had＋过去分词)；
③当从句表示与将来事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用would/could/might＋动词原形。
(4)as if/though引导的从句中的主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常可以省略。
|习|练|规|则| (变换句式)
①Listen, the whistle of an ambulance！It seems as if there (be) an emergency.
②When a pencil is partly put into water, it looks as if it (be) broken.
③The old man was lying on the ground as if he was badly hurt.
→The old man was lying on the ground as if .(状语从句的省略)
is
were
badly hurt
|应|用|写|美|
④(场景描写)一靠近房子的时候，我注意到爸爸妈妈站在那辆旧卡车旁边，看起来很悲伤。 好像发生了什么不愉快的事情。
Upon approaching the house, I noticed my dad and mom standing beside the old truck, looking sad. It seemed_______________________
.
as if something unpleasant
happened
⑤(神情描写)杰克什么也没说，但老师对他笑了笑，好像他做了一件非常聪明的事。
Jack wasn't saying anything but the teacher smiled at him_______
very clever.
as if he
had done something
句式2 be doing sth. when ...“正在做某事，这时……”
|解|读|规|则|
句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时(突然)”，还用于以下句型：
(1)be about to do ...when ... 正要做……这时……
(2)be on the point of doing ...when ... 正要做……这时……
(3)had (just/hardly) done ...when ... 刚做完……这时……
(hardly位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装)
|习|练|规|则| (变换句式)
①She was walking along the bank of the river, and just at that time she heard a cry for help.
→She she heard a cry for help.
was walking along the bank of the river when
②I had hardly got home when I took out my suitcase and packed my necessities into it.
→Hardly and packed my necessities into it.
had I got home when I took out my suitcase
|应|用|写|美|
③(动作描写)她正要把花送给李先生，突然摔倒在地。
She was about to present Mr Li with the flowers when she fell to the ground.
④(场景描写)我刚刚从着火的房子里逃出来，这时房子塌了。
I had just escaped from the burning house when it fell to the ground.
建构语义场，丰富语料库
子语境(一) 自然灾害
1．in the open air 露天；在户外
2．in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
3．in shock 震惊；吃惊
4．sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
5．bring about 引起；导致
6．The whole city was in shock, and the air was filled with dust and screams of those trapped and those who couldn't find their loved ones.
整个城市陷入了震惊，空气中弥漫着尘土和被困者的尖叫声，以及那些找不到亲人的人的呼喊声。
7．The hurricane brought strong winds and heavy rain, causing flooding and power shutdowns.
飓风带来了强风和暴雨，导致洪水泛滥和停电。
子语境(二) 灾难救助
1．be filled with 充满
2．respond quickly 迅速反应
3．rescue groups 救援队
4．medical supplies 医疗用品
5．With every breath filled with dust, they began their efforts to rescue those trapped.
呼吸中还带有灰尘，他们就开始努力营救那些被困的人。
6．Some built temporary shelters in the open air, using whatever materials they could find.
有些人在露天地方用他们能找到的任何材料搭建临时避难所。
子语境(三) 灾后重建
1．be affected by 受……影响
2．be faced with 面对
3．show great strength 展现巨大的力量
4．take on a new look 呈现新面貌
5．The survivors were determined to rebuild their lives.
幸存者们决心重建他们的生活。
6．They united together, transforming their grief into a driving force to survive and rebuild.
他们团结在一起，将他们的悲痛转化为生存和重建的驱动力。
主题微写作，勤练笔不辍
(一)应用单元所学补全语段(蓝体字为单元词汇的复现)
Deep feelings during disaster
① (当灾难来临时), the true essence of humanity is revealed.
Drought, landslides, and floods can ② (造成严重破坏), trapping survivors under ruins as if a giant had crushed their homes with bricks. ③ (震惊中), communities come
When disaster strikes
cause serious damage
In shock
together, ④ (救援那些被埋的人), who struggle to breathe. ⑤ (将智慧与行动统一起来作出的努力) become evident as people suffer together.
⑥ (物资和援助) are rushed to shelters, where
⑦ (团结的力量) shines brightly. Survivors share stories with weary faces but ⑧ (充满感激) for the hands that pulled them from the ruins.
In these moments, the destruction pales compared to the spirit of rescue and mutual care.
rescuing those buried
Efforts to unify wisdom and action
Supplies and aid
the power of unity
filled with gratitude
(二)主题语段的细节描写训练
灾后重建(表达逻辑：团结→展望)
After the disaster, ① (各行各业的人们) worked together to rebuild the city. Engineers ②_____________
(设计新建筑); construction workers ③ (清理废墟) and built structures. Teachers educated children in temporary schools, while ④ (医生治疗受伤者).
people from all walks of life
designed new
buildings
cleared ruins
doctors treated the injured
Volunteers cooked meals and ⑤ (分发物资). Everyone played a role, showing determination and teamwork. In the future, the city will rise again, ⑥ (更加坚实和持久), with everyone's hard work and dedication.
distributed supplies
stronger and more enduring
5
课下双测—过高考关
课时作业(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·河南高三下开学考试)When hurricanes left a path of destruction in Puerto Rico, Pennsylvania College of Technology student Natascha G．Santaella felt a variety of painful emotions.
“I spent around six days stressing and having a very hard time with me having all the luxuries I currently do and my family not having any，” the Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, resident said. Santaella said that her hometown is without power and water, and that people there are scared of what is to come.
To reduce her stress, Santaella, who is studying for an associate degree in baking and pastry arts, immersed (沉浸) herself in what she knows best: baking. “It started out as just baking bread and shipping it to the island to then be dispersed to the people, but I found that was very expensive for me to do alone, so I spoke with Chef Charles Niedermyer, our instructor of baking and pastry arts about a sale of baked goods in the college's Bush Campus Center.”
“Natascha is a bright, energetic young lady with a big heart，” Niedermyer said. “I was not surprised to find her in my office, looking for ways to help the people of Puerto Rico.”
To prepare, Santaella had multiple meetings with Niedermyer, spent hours finalizing recipes, designed signage (标志) and decorations, and got friends to staff the sale table with her. And then there was the baking: Santaella and two friends in the baking and pastry arts major spent six hours baking 90 loaves of bread, 24 dozen dinner rolls and 30 cheesecakes in a variety of flavors.
During the six-hour sale, Santaella and her friends raised more than $1,000 for United for Puerto Rico, an initiative designed to provide aid and support to those affected in Puerto Rico by the passage of Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria.
“I hope to mainly increase awareness of what has happened, and to show people that there are Puerto Rican students at this school，” Santaella said. “I hope that others had the great experience I had with all my teachers and how understanding they were with me.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。得知自己的家乡遭受飓风袭击，人们的生活无着落时，正在大学校园里学习的Santaella决定利用自己学到的一技之长，来帮助家乡。
√
1．Why did Santaella feel very stressed
A．Because a big hurricane was approaching.
B．Because she was left without power and water.
C．Because her folks were suffering due to hurricanes.
D．Because she lost all her belongings in the hurricane.
解析：推理判断题。由第一、二段可知，Santaella得知飓风袭击了自己的家乡，家人们损失惨重，不能像自己一样在大学里衣食无忧，因此她的内心非常着急。故选C。
√
2．What does the underlined word “dispersed” probably mean in paragraph 3
A．Exposed. B．Connected.
C．Distributed. D．Contributed.
解析：词义猜测题。由第三段语境可知，Santaella最初认为，只要把面包烘焙好，运送到岛屿上，然后分发给灾民就可以了，dispersed意为“分发(Distributed)”。故选C。
√
3．What can we learn from the text
A．Niedermyer responded to Santaella's ideas coldly.
B．Santaella organized the sale at her college all alone.
C．Puerto Rico might be stricken by hurricanes frequently.
D．Pennsylvania College has few students from Puerto Rico.
解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知，波多黎各的人们已经受飓风Irma和飓风Maria的影响，可推出波多黎各可能经常遭受飓风袭击。
4．Which can be the best title for the text
A．Hurricane Causes Huge Losses to Puerto Rico
B．Student Puts Skills to Use to Help Her Hometown
C．College Student Shows Baking Skills Through Sales
D．Teacher and Students Work Together in Fund Raising
解析：标题归纳题。得知自己的家乡遭受飓风袭击，人们的生活无着落时，正在大学校园里学习的Santaella决定利用自己学到的一技之长，来帮助被飓风袭击的家乡，B项“学生运用技能帮助家乡”符合此意。
√
B
(2025·兰州市高三诊断考试)The oceans play a crucial role in lightening global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, in a study conducted by the University of Texas at Austin, researchers found that the oceans' capacity to absorb carbon dioxide would reach its maximum by 2100 and decrease to half of its current efficiency by 2300, based on a climate simulation (模拟) that was set for a worst-case emissions scenario (设想)．
The decline happens because of a surface layer of low-alkalinity (碱度) water that can hinder the ability of the oceans to absorb CO2. Alkalinity affects how much CO2 can dissolve in seawater. Although the emissions scenario used in the study is unlikely because of global efforts to limit greenhouse gas emissions, the findings reveal a previously unknown tipping point that if activated would release an important brake on global warming.
“We need to think about these worst-case scenarios to understand how our CO2 emissions might affect the oceans not just this century, but next century and the following century. Climate simulations had previously shown that the oceans slow their absorption of CO2 over time, but none had considered alkalinity as an explanation. We recalculated pieces of a 450-year simulation until we hit on alkalinity as a key cause of the slowing.” said Megumi Chikamoto, who led the research at the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics.
The effect begins with extreme climate change, which slows ocean currents. This leaves the surface of the oceans covered in a warm layer of fresh water that won't mix easily with the cooler, more alkaline water below it. That means more of the greenhouse gas is left in the atmosphere. This in turn produces faster warming, which sustains and strengthens the low-alkalinity surface layer. Co-author, Pedro DiNezio, said that the discovery was a powerful reminder that the world needs to reduce its CO2 emissions to avoid crossing this and other tipping points.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在未来，海洋吸收二氧化碳能力的下降会导致全球变暖。
√
5．What may happen after the year 2300
A．More CO2 will be absorbed by the oceans.
B．The oceans will lose all their current efficiency.
C．The world will face even more severe warming.
D．The oceans will be less crucial to global warming.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“researchers found that the oceans' capacity ... decrease to half of its current efficiency by 2300”可知，到2300年，海洋吸收二氧化碳的效率将降低一半；再由文章首句“The oceans play a crucial role in lightening global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions”可知，海洋通过吸收二氧化碳在减缓全球变暖方面起着至关重要的作用。由此可知，一旦海洋吸收二氧化碳的效率降低，全球变暖问题将更严重。故选C。
√
6．What does the underlined word “hinder” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Improve. B．Weaken.
C．Protect. D．Control.
解析：词义猜测题。分析画线词所在句的结构可知，that引导定语从句，先行词为“a surface layer of low-alkalinity (碱度) water”，再由“The decline happens”可知，海洋表层的低碱度海水应该是能够削弱海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力。故hinder意为“削弱”，即weaken，故选B。
√
7．What does Megumi Chikamoto say about the oceans
A．Finding why they slow CO2 intake is hard.
B．Their ability to absorb CO2 is at their maximum.
C．They will decide on the future of human beings.
D．They will slow down CO2 absorption very quickly.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Climate simulations had previously shown ... none had considered alkalinity as an explanation”可知，以前的气候模拟只是表明一直以来海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力在减弱，但是没有一个考虑到是碱度的原因。由此可知，Megumi Chikamoto谈到了查明为什么海洋降低二氧化碳的吸收很困难。故选A。
√
8．Where is this text probably taken from
A．A biology textbook.
B．A government report.
C．Science fiction.
D．An environmental journal.
解析：推理判断题。文章主要介绍了海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力对气候变暖的影响，与自然环境紧密相关，故文章有可能来自一本环境期刊。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·广州模拟)I was heading home after giving my colleague a lift. I took a 9 as the snowstorm was approaching.
Then the snow started and was coming down 10 . Within minutes I was in a whiteout. The windows were 11 and getting covered with snow, so I slowed down and rolled down my driver's side window, thinking I could better 12 the road edge and keep to a straight line. But really, I had no 13 where I was. I stopped and kept the car running to stay 14 . I called 911.The operator told me to wait things out for the night.
The call left me in 15 . Breathe, I told myself. An idea occurred to me. I 16 my location online and explained what I was 17 ， wishing for anyone to come to my rescue. Soon enough, people started chiming in on my post. I got a 18 from someone who was going to put me in touch with people nearby. I had never been more 19 .
Then I saw a big 20 in the dark. He had walked about 500 metres to get me, 21 the wind and snow each step of the way. “You'll be OK. Follow me.” He turned around and started to trudge through the snow, sure of the 22 . I drove slowly behind him. When we reached his house, I burst into tears of 23 .
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，描述了作者在一场突如其来的暴风雪中迷路并被困在车中，随后通过社交媒体发出求救信号，最终得到一位陌生人在恶劣天气中的救援，并被引领至安全之地的经历。
9．A.shortcut B．turn
C．look D．risk
解析：根据下文“as the snowstorm was approaching”可知，作者冒着风险。
√
10．A.soon B．fast
C．lightly D．suddenly
解析：根据下文“Within minutes I was in a whiteout.”可知，雪下得很快。
√
11．A.locked B．closed
C．frozen D．broken
解析：根据下文“getting covered with snow”可知，此处说的是暴风雪中车窗的状态，分析选项，C项“frozen”表示的含义符合语境。
√
12．A.follow B．cover
C．mark D．remember
解析：根据下文“the road edge and keep to a straight line”可知，此处说的是沿着路边。
13．A.plan B．clue
C．doubt D．problem
解析：根据下文“I stopped and kept the car running”以及“I called 911”可知，作者因暴风雪迷路，不知道自己在哪里。
√
√
14．A.awake B．calm
C．warm D．still
解析：根据上文“I stopped and kept the car running”可知，作者停下来，但为了取暖，仍然保持汽车发动机运转。
√
15．A.confusion B．trouble
C．embarrassment D．panic
解析：根据上文“I called 911.The operator told me to wait things out for the night”可知，作者报警求救，却被告知要等一晚上，故作者感到惊慌失措。
√
16．A.confirmed B．found
C．posted D．checked
解析：根据下文“Soon enough, people started chiming in on my post”可知，作者在网上发了帖子。
17．A.looking at B．going through
C．searching for D．carrying out
解析：根据下文“wishing for anyone to come to my rescue”可知，作者解释的是自己经历的事情。
√
√
18．A.tip B．comment
C．like D．message
解析：根据下文“who was going to put me in touch with people nearby”可知，作者收到了一条消息。
√
19．A.inspired B．relieved
C．convinced D．amazed
解析：根据上文“who was going to put me in touch with people nearby”可知，在困境中有陌生人打算帮助作者，使作者感到如释重负。
√
20．A.policeman B．creature
C．shadow D．figure
解析：根据下文“He had walked about 500 metres to get me”可知，此处指的是一个高大的人影。
√
21．A.fighting B．avoiding
C．checking D．reporting
解析：根据第二段“Then the snow started and was coming down . Within minutes I was in a whiteout.”可知，帮助作者的人顶着风雪前来。
√
22．A.goal B．danger
C．depth D．direction
解析：根据下文“I drove slowly behind him”可知，前来帮助的人知道方向，所以作者开车跟着他。
√
√
23．A.hope B．love
C．gratitude D．pride
解析：根据上文“But really, I had no where I was.”以及“When we reached his house”可知，作者在暴风雪中迷路时收到了来自陌生人的帮助，故作者心怀感激。
课时作业(二)
Ⅰ.阅读七选五
Earthquakes are a terrible natural disaster that will cause lots of danger and damage. In the last few years, we have seen some of the worst earthquakes in history. 1 However, we do get some signs from animals, including dogs!
Dogs have been known to warn their owners that dangerous weather was coming. We can take the ways our dog reacts in certain situations to give us a hand in predicting when something like an earthquake may be about to happen.
Although the signs of a dog sensing an earthquake aren't very clear, dogs who sense earthquakes will show certain signs before the event actually happens. 2 You know your dog well, so it will not be too challenging to tell when there is something wrong. Some dogs will
begin to run around in circles and pace up and down crazily. It may appear as if something has frightened them or as if they saw something that made them nervous. 3
On the other hand, dogs will instinctively look for shelter when they sense bad weather or they feel like they are in danger. 4 Or if they are outside, they may go into their dog house. It is important to that just because your dog is showing all or some of these signs, it does not mean an earthquake or other natural disaster is about to strike.
5 But take their behaviors seriously and do what you feel is right depending on the situation.
A．Many dogs can tell smelly gas.
B．Your dog may run off or hide under a bed.
C．Using dogs to predict earthquakes is not new.
D．If there is a coming earthquake, your dog will act strangely.
E．They will also often bark for what seems to be no right reason.
F．Earthquakes generally come with no warning and are hard to predict.
G．There may be other reasons dogs may act this way or appear afraid for seemingly no reason.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了狗可以在地震来临前预测地震，并介绍了狗的一些反常行为。
1．选F 根据后文“然而，我们确实从动物那里得到了一些迹象，包括狗”可知，后文与本句构成转折，指出狗可以预测地震。故F选项“地震通常没有预警，很难预测”符合语境。
2．选D 根据后文列举了一些地震前狗的反常行为可知，D选项“如果地震即将来临，你的狗会表现得很奇怪”符合语境。
3．选E 空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“有些狗会开始绕着圈子跑，疯狂地上蹿下跳。看起来好像有什么东西让它们害怕，或者它们仿佛看到了什么让它们紧张的东西”可知，本句与上文并列，都是在说明狗的反常行为。故E选项“它们也会经常为一些似乎没有正确的理由而吠叫”符合语境。
4．选B 根据上文可知，狗会本能地寻找庇护所，本句应是对上文庇护所的举例说明。故B选项“你的狗可能会跑或藏在床底下”符合语境，且与下文构成并列关系。
5．选G 根据后文“但是认真对待它们的行为，根据情况做你认为正确的事情”并结合上一段说明了狗会寻找庇护所来躲避地震可知，本句是在总结狗可能有其他的原因会躲避或看起来害怕，与后文构成转折，故G选项符合语境。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·咸阳模拟)Chinese achievements in pollution control, ecological recovery and protection, and green development China 1 (make) in the past decade were highlighted at a Friday press briefing, 2 a senior official pointed out China's 3 (participate) and leadership in global climate governance.
According to the press briefing, China has been the fastest in improving air quality and the PM 2.5 level in cities at the prefecture level and above dropped by 34.8 percent from that of 2015.Days with good air quality reached 87.5 percent. Pollution of water bodies and the soil is also 4 (effective) tackled. Ecological systems 5 (protect) and restored. National parks are set and more than 300 endangered animal and plant species saw their wild populations recover, marking achievements in protecting ecological diversity.
The country has taken 6 active part in cooperation on climate change. It has done its 7 (good) to help other developing countries to improve their climate response capacity 8 (reduce) the harmful impacts of climate change. It also has distributed over 1.2 billion yuan on climate change and trained about 2,000 officials and experts in the field of climate change 9 more than 120 developing countries.
10 (head) forward, China will work with all parties to actively participate in the global governance of climate change.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了近几年中国在全球气候变化治理上的成就。
1．has made 考查动词时态和主谓一致。make作定语从句“China (make) in the past decade”的谓语，根据时间状语in the past decade可知，用现在完成时；主语是China，故填has made。
2．where 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a Friday press briefing，空处在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。
3．participation 考查名词。空前是名词所有格，所以空处应填名词作宾语，participate的名词形式是participation。
4．effectively 考查副词。空处修饰空后的动词，用副词修饰。
5．are protected 考查动词时态和语态。protect作本句谓语，和主语Ecological systems之间是被动关系，用被动语态；此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时。
6．an 考查冠词。此处是固定搭配：take an active part in意为“积极参加”。故填an。
7．best 考查形容词最高级。此处是固定搭配：do one's best意为“竭尽全力”，故填best。
8．to reduce 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词has done，所以reduce用非谓语形式。根据句意，此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语。
9．for 考查介词。此处是固定搭配train for，意为“为……训练”。
10．Heading 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词will work，所以head用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语China之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式；位于句首，首字母应大写。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It began as a typical January day. The grey skies were heavy with snow and wind in front of Valleyview School. I was in my first year of teaching and had no idea that this approaching snowstorm would be so severe.
精品课件·名师析题
By mid-day the principal called the school buses back so the three hundred kids could get home safely before it was too late. My students gathered their belongings, excited to go home early. The buses arrived but the storm suddenly worsened before the waiting kids could board and it was quickly clear no one was going anywhere soon. By now the bus drivers and a couple of snowplow (铲雪车) operators were discussing the situation. There were over three hundred children, staff, bus and snowplow drivers stuck inside the school.
Night approached and the storm showed no signs of stopping. We were facing some basic questions. What would we feed several hundred children for dinner Where would they sleep
Earl, our school gatekeeper, began working non-stop to keep the heater running. Concerned about the old pipes freezing, he wrapped them with whatever material he could find. With our electricity lines swaying under the increasing weight of ice and snow in heavy winds, what would we do if we lost power A plan was definitely needed.
Every parent was called to reassure them that their children were safe, and then people who lived close enough to brave the storm were called and asked if they could help. Soon, a handful of people had managed to travel through the heavy and blinding snow bringing bags of sandwiches, tinned juices, blankets and a couple of board games. One woman, who lived right on the edge of the school, wrapped herself up and felt through the blinding snow with a huge kettle and enough ingredients to make tomato soup for at least half of the school. There wasn't a lot of food, but everything was shared, no one went hungry, and no one complained.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Before night fell, we worked out entertaining and sleeping arrangements for the kids.
The next morning the snow stopped and people began to clear the snow.
参考范文：
Before night fell, we worked out entertaining and sleeping arrangements for the kids. As the evening came, the school gymnasium was transformed into a temporary dormitory, with rows of mats laid out and blankets spread for the children to sleep on. Teachers took turns telling stories, playing board games and singing songs together to keep spirits high. Despite the challenging circumstances, the children
remained not fearful but surprisingly cheerful. Some of the older students even organized talent shows and games to keep everyone entertained. Meanwhile, the staff worked tirelessly to ensure that everyone was warm and safe throughout the night.
The next morning the snow stopped and people began to clear the snow.The snowplows began to work. Parents and nearby residents arrived with tools in hand, ready to help dig out the buses a path through the snow. The community spirit was truly inspiring, and together we were able to clear a path for the buses to finally leave. As the last bus carrying the last students pulled away, cheers erupted from those who remained behind. It was a challenging experience, but one that brought us all closer together. Looking back, it wasn't just the snowstorm that made that day memorable — it was the resilience and kindness shown by everyone involved.必修1 UNIT 4 单元双测·课时作业(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·河南高三下开学考试)When hurricanes left a path of destruction in Puerto Rico, Pennsylvania College of Technology student Natascha G.Santaella felt a variety of painful emotions.
“I spent around six days stressing and having a very hard time with me having all the luxuries I currently do and my family not having any,” the Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, resident said. Santaella said that her hometown is without power and water, and that people there are scared of what is to come.
To reduce her stress, Santaella, who is studying for an associate degree in baking and pastry arts, immersed (沉浸) herself in what she knows best: baking. “It started out as just baking bread and shipping it to the island to then be dispersed to the people, but I found that was very expensive for me to do alone, so I spoke with Chef Charles Niedermyer, our instructor of baking and pastry arts about a sale of baked goods in the college’s Bush Campus Center.”
“Natascha is a bright, energetic young lady with a big heart,” Niedermyer said. “I was not surprised to find her in my office, looking for ways to help the people of Puerto Rico.”
To prepare, Santaella had multiple meetings with Niedermyer, spent hours finalizing recipes, designed signage (标志) and decorations, and got friends to staff the sale table with her. And then there was the baking: Santaella and two friends in the baking and pastry arts major spent six hours baking 90 loaves of bread, 24 dozen dinner rolls and 30 cheesecakes in a variety of flavors.
During the six hour sale, Santaella and her friends raised more than 1,000 for United for Puerto Rico, an initiative designed to provide aid and support to those affected in Puerto Rico by the passage of Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria.
“I hope to mainly increase awareness of what has happened, and to show people that there are Puerto Rican students at this school,” Santaella said. “I hope that others had the great experience I had with all my teachers and how understanding they were with me.”
1.Why did Santaella feel very stressed
A.Because a big hurricane was approaching.
B.Because she was left without power and water.
C.Because her folks were suffering due to hurricanes.
D.Because she lost all her belongings in the hurricane.
2.What does the underlined word “dispersed” probably mean in paragraph 3
A.Exposed. B.Connected.
C.Distributed. D.Contributed.
3.What can we learn from the text
A.Niedermyer responded to Santaella’s ideas coldly.
B.Santaella organized the sale at her college all alone.
C.Puerto Rico might be stricken by hurricanes frequently.
D.Pennsylvania College has few students from Puerto Rico.
4.Which can be the best title for the text
A.Hurricane Causes Huge Losses to Puerto Rico
B.Student Puts Skills to Use to Help Her Hometown
C.College Student Shows Baking Skills Through Sales
D.Teacher and Students Work Together in Fund Raising
B
(2025·兰州市高三诊断考试)The oceans play a crucial role in lightening global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, in a study conducted by the University of Texas at Austin, researchers found that the oceans’ capacity to absorb carbon dioxide would reach its maximum by 2100 and decrease to half of its current efficiency by 2300, based on a climate simulation (模拟) that was set for a worst case emissions scenario (设想).
The decline happens because of a surface layer of low alkalinity (碱度) water that can hinder the ability of the oceans to absorb CO2. Alkalinity affects how much CO2 can dissolve in seawater. Although the emissions scenario used in the study is unlikely because of global efforts to limit greenhouse gas emissions, the findings reveal a previously unknown tipping point that if activated would release an important brake on global warming.
“We need to think about these worst case scenarios to understand how our CO2 emissions might affect the oceans not just this century, but next century and the following century. Climate simulations had previously shown that the oceans slow their absorption of CO2 over time, but none had considered alkalinity as an explanation. We recalculated pieces of a 450 year simulation until we hit on alkalinity as a key cause of the slowing.” said Megumi Chikamoto, who led the research at the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics.
The effect begins with extreme climate change, which slows ocean currents. This leaves the surface of the oceans covered in a warm layer of fresh water that won’t mix easily with the cooler, more alkaline water below it. That means more of the greenhouse gas is left in the atmosphere. This in turn produces faster warming, which sustains and strengthens the low alkalinity surface layer. Co author, Pedro DiNezio, said that the discovery was a powerful reminder that the world needs to reduce its CO2 emissions to avoid crossing this and other tipping points.
5.What may happen after the year 2300
A.More CO2 will be absorbed by the oceans.
B.The oceans will lose all their current efficiency.
C.The world will face even more severe warming.
D.The oceans will be less crucial to global warming.
6.What does the underlined word “hinder” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Improve. B.Weaken. C.Protect. D.Control.
7.What does Megumi Chikamoto say about the oceans
A.Finding why they slow CO2 intake is hard.
B.Their ability to absorb CO2 is at their maximum.
C.They will decide on the future of human beings.
D.They will slow down CO2 absorption very quickly.
8.Where is this text probably taken from
A.A biology textbook. B.A government report.
C.Science fiction. D.An environmental journal.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·广州模拟)I was heading home after giving my colleague a lift. I took a 9 as the snowstorm was approaching.
Then the snow started and was coming down 10 . Within minutes I was in a whiteout. The windows were 11 and getting covered with snow, so I slowed down and rolled down my driver’s side window, thinking I could better 12 the road edge and keep to a straight line. But really, I had no 13 where I was. I stopped and kept the car running to stay 14 . I called 911.The operator told me to wait things out for the night.
The call left me in 15 . Breathe, I told myself. An idea occurred to me. I 16 my location online and explained what I was 17 , wishing for anyone to come to my rescue. Soon enough, people started chiming in on my post. I got a 18 from someone who was going to put me in touch with people nearby. I had never been more 19 .
Then I saw a big 20 in the dark. He had walked about 500 metres to get me, 21 the wind and snow each step of the way. “You’ll be OK. Follow me.” He turned around and started to trudge through the snow, sure of the 22 . I drove slowly behind him. When we reached his house, I burst into tears of 23 .
9.A.shortcut B.turn
C.look D.risk
10.A.soon B.fast
C.lightly D.suddenly
11.A.locked B.closed
C.frozen D.broken
12.A.follow B.cover
C.mark D.remember
13.A.plan B.clue
C.doubt D.problem
14.A.awake B.calm
C.warm D.still
15.A.confusion B.trouble
C.embarrassment D.panic
16.A.confirmed B.found
C.posted D.checked
17.A.looking at B.going through
C.searching for D.carrying out
18.A.tip B.comment
C.like D.message
19.A.inspired B.relieved
C.convinced D.amazed
20.A.policeman B.creature
C.shadow D.figure
21.A.fighting B.avoiding
C.checking D.reporting
22.A.goal B.danger
C.depth D.direction
23.A.hope B.love
C.gratitude D.pride
必修1 UNIT 4 单元双测·课时作业(二)
(Ⅰ、Ⅱ题在答题区内答题,Ⅲ题在题后直接作答)
Ⅰ.阅读七选五
Earthquakes are a terrible natural disaster that will cause lots of danger and damage. In the last few years, we have seen some of the worst earthquakes in history. 1 However, we do get some signs from animals, including dogs!
Dogs have been known to warn their owners that dangerous weather was coming. We can take the ways our dog reacts in certain situations to give us a hand in predicting when something like an earthquake may be about to happen.
Although the signs of a dog sensing an earthquake aren’t very clear, dogs who sense earthquakes will show certain signs before the event actually happens. 2 You know your dog well, so it will not be too challenging to tell when there is something wrong. Some dogs will begin to run around in circles and pace up and down crazily. It may appear as if something has frightened them or as if they saw something that made them nervous. 3
On the other hand, dogs will instinctively look for shelter when they sense bad weather or they feel like they are in danger. 4 Or if they are outside, they may go into their dog house. It is important to that just because your dog is showing all or some of these signs, it does not mean an earthquake or other natural disaster is about to strike.
5 But take their behaviors seriously and do what you feel is right depending on the situation.
A.Many dogs can tell smelly gas.
B.Your dog may run off or hide under a bed.
C.Using dogs to predict earthquakes is not new.
D.If there is a coming earthquake, your dog will act strangely.
E.They will also often bark for what seems to be no right reason.
F.Earthquakes generally come with no warning and are hard to predict.
G.There may be other reasons dogs may act this way or appear afraid for seemingly no reason.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·咸阳模拟)Chinese achievements in pollution control, ecological recovery and protection, and green development China 1 (make) in the past decade were highlighted at a Friday press briefing, 2 a senior official pointed out China’s 3 (participate) and leadership in global climate governance.
According to the press briefing, China has been the fastest in improving air quality and the PM 2.5 level in cities at the prefecture level and above dropped by 34.8 percent from that of 2015.Days with good air quality reached 87.5 percent. Pollution of water bodies and the soil is also 4 (effective) tackled. Ecological systems 5 (protect) and restored. National parks are set and more than 300 endangered animal and plant species saw their wild populations recover, marking achievements in protecting ecological diversity.
The country has taken 6 active part in cooperation on climate change. It has done its 7 (good) to help other developing countries to improve their climate response capacity 8 (reduce) the harmful impacts of climate change. It also has distributed over 1.2 billion yuan on climate change and trained about 2,000 officials and experts in the field of climate change 9 more than 120 developing countries.
10 (head) forward, China will work with all parties to actively participate in the global governance of climate change.
Ⅲ.读后续写 精品课件·名师析题
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It began as a typical January day. The grey skies were heavy with snow and wind in front of Valleyview School. I was in my first year of teaching and had no idea that this approaching snowstorm would be so severe.
By mid day the principal called the school buses back so the three hundred kids could get home safely before it was too late. My students gathered their belongings, excited to go home early. The buses arrived but the storm suddenly worsened before the waiting kids could board and it was quickly clear no one was going anywhere soon. By now the bus drivers and a couple of snowplow (铲雪车) operators were discussing the situation. There were over three hundred children, staff, bus and snowplow drivers stuck inside the school.
Night approached and the storm showed no signs of stopping. We were facing some basic questions. What would we feed several hundred children for dinner Where would they sleep
Earl, our school gatekeeper, began working non stop to keep the heater running. Concerned about the old pipes freezing, he wrapped them with whatever material he could find. With our electricity lines swaying under the increasing weight of ice and snow in heavy winds, what would we do if we lost power A plan was definitely needed.
Every parent was called to reassure them that their children were safe, and then people who lived close enough to brave the storm were called and asked if they could help. Soon, a handful of people had managed to travel through the heavy and blinding snow bringing bags of sandwiches, tinned juices, blankets and a couple of board games. One woman, who lived right on the edge of the school, wrapped herself up and felt through the blinding snow with a huge kettle and enough ingredients to make tomato soup for at least half of the school. There wasn’t a lot of food, but everything was shared, no one went hungry, and no one complained.
注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
Before night fell, we worked out entertaining and sleeping arrangements for the kids.
The next morning the snow stopped and people began to clear the snow.
必修 1 UNIT 4
课时作业(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
[A]
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。得知自己的家乡遭受飓风袭击,人们的生活无着落时,正在大学校园里学习的Santaella决定利用自己学到的一技之长,来帮助家乡。
1.选C 推理判断题。由第一、二段可知,Santaella得知飓风袭击了自己的家乡,家人们损失惨重,不能像自己一样在大学里衣食无忧,因此她的内心非常着急。故选C。
2.选C 词义猜测题。由第三段语境可知,Santaella最初认为,只要把面包烘焙好,运送到岛屿上,然后分发给灾民就可以了,dispersed意为“分发(Distributed)”。故选C。
3.选C 推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知,波多黎各的人们已经受飓风Irma和飓风Maria的影响,可推出波多黎各可能经常遭受飓风袭击。
4.选B 标题归纳题。得知自己的家乡遭受飓风袭击,人们的生活无着落时,正在大学校园里学习的Santaella决定利用自己学到的一技之长,来帮助被飓风袭击的家乡,B项“学生运用技能帮助家乡”符合此意。
[B]
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。在未来,海洋吸收二氧化碳能力的下降会导致全球变暖。
5.选C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“researchers found that the oceans’ capacity ... decrease to half of its current efficiency by 2300”可知,到2300年,海洋吸收二氧化碳的效率将降低一半;再由文章首句“The oceans play a crucial role in lightening global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions”可知,海洋通过吸收二氧化碳在减缓全球变暖方面起着至关重要的作用。由此可知,一旦海洋吸收二氧化碳的效率降低,全球变暖问题将更严重。故选C。
6.选B 词义猜测题。分析画线词所在句的结构可知,that引导定语从句,先行词为“a surface layer of low alkalinity (碱度) water”,再由“The decline happens”可知,海洋表层的低碱度海水应该是能够削弱海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力。故hinder意为“削弱”,即weaken,故选B。
7.选A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Climate simulations had previously shown ... none had considered alkalinity as an explanation”可知,以前的气候模拟只是表明一直以来海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力在减弱,但是没有一个考虑到是碱度的原因。由此可知,Megumi Chikamoto谈到了查明为什么海洋降低二氧化碳的吸收很困难。故选A。
8.选D 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力对气候变暖的影响,与自然环境紧密相关,故文章有可能来自一本环境期刊。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文,描述了作者在一场突如其来的暴风雪中迷路并被困在车中,随后通过社交媒体发出求救信号,最终得到一位陌生人在恶劣天气中的救援,并被引领至安全之地的经历。
9.选D 根据下文“as the snowstorm was approaching”可知,作者冒着风险。
10.选B 根据下文“Within minutes I was in a whiteout.”可知,雪下得很快。
11.选C 根据下文“getting covered with snow”可知,此处说的是暴风雪中车窗的状态,分析选项,C项“frozen”表示的含义符合语境。
12.选A 根据下文“the road edge and keep to a straight line”可知,此处说的是沿着路边。
13.选B 根据下文“I stopped and kept the car running”以及“I called 911”可知,作者因暴风雪迷路,不知道自己在哪里。
14.选C 根据上文“I stopped and kept the car running”可知,作者停下来,但为了取暖,仍然保持汽车发动机运转。
15.选D 根据上文“I called 911.The operator told me to wait things out for the night”可知,作者报警求救,却被告知要等一晚上,故作者感到惊慌失措。
16.选C 根据下文“Soon enough, people started chiming in on my post”可知,作者在网上发了帖子。
17.选B 根据下文“wishing for anyone to come to my rescue”可知,作者解释的是自己经历的事情。
18.选D 根据下文“who was going to put me in touch with people nearby”可知,作者收到了一条消息。
19.选B 根据上文“who was going to put me in touch with people nearby”可知,在困境中有陌生人打算帮助作者,使作者感到如释重负。
20.选D 根据下文“He had walked about 500 metres to get me”可知,此处指的是一个高大的人影。
21.选A 根据第二段“Then the snow started and was coming down . Within minutes I was in a whiteout.”可知,帮助作者的人顶着风雪前来。
22.选D 根据下文“I drove slowly behind him”可知,前来帮助的人知道方向,所以作者开车跟着他。
23.选C 根据上文“But really, I had no where I was.”以及“When we reached his house”可知,作者在暴风雪中迷路时收到了来自陌生人的帮助,故作者心怀感激。
课时作业(二)
Ⅰ.阅读七选五
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了狗可以在地震来临前预测地震,并介绍了狗的一些反常行为。
1.选F 根据后文“然而,我们确实从动物那里得到了一些迹象,包括狗”可知,后文与本句构成转折,指出狗可以预测地震。故F选项“地震通常没有预警,很难预测”符合语境。
2.选D 根据后文列举了一些地震前狗的反常行为可知,D选项“如果地震即将来临,你的狗会表现得很奇怪”符合语境。
3.选E 空处位于段末,应承接上文。根据上文“有些狗会开始绕着圈子跑,疯狂地上蹿下跳。看起来好像有什么东西让它们害怕,或者它们仿佛看到了什么让它们紧张的东西”可知,本句与上文并列,都是在说明狗的反常行为。故E选项“它们也会经常为一些似乎没有正确的理由而吠叫”符合语境。
4.选B 根据上文可知,狗会本能地寻找庇护所,本句应是对上文庇护所的举例说明。故B选项“你的狗可能会跑或藏在床底下”符合语境,且与下文构成并列关系。
5.选G 根据后文“但是认真对待它们的行为,根据情况做你认为正确的事情”并结合上一段说明了狗会寻找庇护所来躲避地震可知,本句是在总结狗可能有其他的原因会躲避或看起来害怕,与后文构成转折,故G选项符合语境。
Ⅱ.语法填空
语篇解读:本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了近几年中国在全球气候变化治理上的成就。
1.has made 考查动词时态和主谓一致。make作定语从句“China (make) in the past decade”的谓语,根据时间状语in the past decade可知,用现在完成时;主语是China,故填has made。
2.where 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是a Friday press briefing,空处在从句中作地点状语,用where引导。
3.participation 考查名词。空前是名词所有格,所以空处应填名词作宾语,participate的名词形式是participation。
4.effectively 考查副词。空处修饰空后的动词,用副词修饰。
5.are protected 考查动词时态和语态。protect作本句谓语,和主语Ecological systems之间是被动关系,用被动语态;此处描述客观事实,用一般现在时。
6.an 考查冠词。此处是固定搭配:take an active part in意为“积极参加”。故填an。
7.best 考查形容词最高级。此处是固定搭配:do one’s best意为“竭尽全力”,故填best。
8.to reduce 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词has done,所以reduce用非谓语形式。根据句意,此处表目的,用不定式作目的状语。
9.for 考查介词。此处是固定搭配train for,意为“为……训练”。
10.Heading 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词will work,所以head用非谓语形式,和逻辑主语China之间是主动关系,用现在分词形式;位于句首,首字母应大写。
Ⅲ.读后续写(参考范文)
Before night fell, we worked out entertaining and sleeping arrangements for the kids. As the evening came, the school gymnasium was transformed into a temporary dormitory, with rows of mats laid out and blankets spread for the children to sleep on. Teachers took turns telling stories, playing board games and singing songs together to keep spirits high. Despite the challenging circumstances, the children remained not fearful but surprisingly cheerful. Some of the older students even organized talent shows and games to keep everyone entertained. Meanwhile, the staff worked tirelessly to ensure that everyone was warm and safe throughout the night.
The next morning the snow stopped and people began to clear the snow.The snowplows began to work. Parents and nearby residents arrived with tools in hand, ready to help dig out the buses a path through the snow. The community spirit was truly inspiring, and together we were able to clear a path for the buses to finally leave. As the last bus carrying the last students pulled away, cheers erupted from those who remained behind. It was a challenging experience, but one that brought us all closer together. Looking back, it wasn’t just the snowstorm that made that day memorable — it was the resilience and kindness shown by everyone involved.
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