|背|单|词|
一、阅读单词(明其义)
1．astronaut n. 宇航员；太空人
2．rocket n. 火箭；火箭弹
3．gravity n. 重力；引力
4．vehicle n. 交通工具；车辆
5．satellite n. 人造卫星；卫星
6．orbit n. 轨道；势力范围
vt.& vi. 沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
7．giant adj. 巨大的；伟大的
n. 巨人；巨兽；伟人
8．data n. [pl.]资料；数据
9．spacecraft n. 航天器；宇宙飞船
10．spacewalk n. 太空行走；太空行走的时间
11．module n. 舱；组件；模块
12．muscle n. 肌肉；实力；影响力
13．solar adj. 太阳的；太阳能的
14．soap n. 肥皂
15．towel n. 毛巾；抹布
16．tissue n. 纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
17．monitor n. 监视器；监测仪
vt. 监视；监测；监控
18．pillow n. 枕头
19．smartphone n. 智能手机
20．oxygen n. 氧；氧气
二、核心单词(书写准)
1．procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续
2．launch vt.& n. 发射；发起；上市
3．leap n. 跳跃；剧增；剧变
vi.& vt. 跳过；跃过
4．mankind n. 人类
5．desire n. 渴望；欲望
vt. 渴望；期望
6．signal vt.& vi. 标志着；标明；发信号
n. 信号；标志
7．recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用
8．lack n. 缺乏；短缺
vt. 没有；缺乏
9．float vi. 浮动；漂流；漂浮
vt. 使浮动；使漂流
10．otherwise adv. 否则；要不然
11．beyond prep. 在更远处；超出
12．current adj. 当前的；现在的
n. 水流；电流；思潮
13．facility n. 设施；设备
14．keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的
15．shallow adj. 肤浅的；浅的
16．pattern n. 模式；图案；模范
17．resource n. 资源；财力；物力
三、变形单词(晓其变)
1．mental adj. 精神的；思想的
mentality n. 心态；心理；智力
2．intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的
intelligence n. 智力；聪明；智能
3．front n. 前线；前面adj.前面的
frontier n. 边境；国界；边远地区
4．determine vt. 查明；确定；决定
determined adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的
determination n. 决心
5．agent n. 代理人；代理商
agency n. 专门机构；服务机构；代理处
6．transmit vt.& vi. 传输；发送
transmission n. 传输；发送
7．disappoint vt. 使失望
disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的
disappointing adj. 令人失望的
disappointment n. 失望；沮丧
8．universe n. 宇宙；天地万物
universal adj. 普遍的；全体的；通用的
universally adv. 普遍地；共同地
9．independent adj. 独立的；自立的
independence n. 独立
independently adv. 独立地；自立地
10．sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的
sufficiency n. 足量；足够
11．globe n. 地球；世界；地球仪
global adj. 全球性的；全世界的
12．argue vt.& vi. 论证；争辩；争论
argument n. 争论；争吵；论点
13．fatal adj. 致命的；灾难性的
fatality n. 致命性；死亡
14．analysis n. (对事物的)分析；分析结果
analyse v. 分析
15．regular adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的
regularly adv. 经常；定期地
regularity n. 规律性；经常性
16．limit n. 限制；极限；界限vt.限制
limited adj. 有限的
limitless adj. 无限的
17．close v. 关闭
adj. 靠近的；亲密的
adv. 紧密地n.结束
closing adj. 结尾的；结束的n.停业；关闭；倒闭
18．mystery n. 神秘事物；谜
mysterious adj. 神秘的
19．attach vt. 系；绑；贴
attachment n. 附属物；附件
四、同“族”词汇(巧积累)
1．合成名词对对碰
①spacecraft 航天器；宇宙飞船
②spacewalk 太空行走；太空行走的时间
③housework 家务
④gentleman 绅士
⑤handwriting 书写
⑥daybreak 破晓
2．后缀 al 形容词串串记
①globe→global 全球的
②nature→natural 自然的
③culture→cultural 文化的
④universe→universal 普遍的
⑤fate→fatal 致命的
⑥agriculture→agricultural 农业的
3．后缀 less形容词面面观
①limit→limitless 无限的
②aim→aimless 漫无目的的
③help→helpless 无助的
④rest→restless 焦躁不安的
⑤use→useless 无用的
⑥power→powerless 无能为力的
⑦hope→hopeless 无望的
⑧tire→tireless 不知疲倦的
|背|短|语|
1．on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
2．carry on 继续做，坚持干
3．in the hope of doing sth. 抱着……的希望
4．so as to (do sth.) 为了；以便
5．figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
6．result in 导致；造成
7．as a result 所以；结果(是)
8．provide for sb. 提供生活所需
9．in closing 最后
10．run out 用完；耗尽
|背|佳|句|
一、背教材原句，学高级句式
1．Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.(动词不定式作后置定语)
之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。
2．This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.(This is because ...“这是因为……”)
这是因为尽管风险巨大，人类还是坚信太空探索极为重要。
3．Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.
(otherwise的用法)
宇航员在太空工作时，必须用胶带把所有的东西固定住，因为所有的东西要不然都会飘走。
二、背主题佳句，学出彩表达
单元主题：太空探索
1．With the development of space science and technology, it is not a remote dream to travel in space.
随着空间科学技术的发展，到太空旅行已不是遥不可及的梦想。
2．So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.
宇宙还有很多未探索的领域，我们才刚刚接近这段奇幻发现之旅的起点。
3．Man's exploration into the depths of the universe must be challenging, but as long as we keep enterprising, the future must be bright.
人类向宇宙深处的探索肯定是充满挑战的，但只要我们保持进取心，前途一定是光明的。
|背|语|段|
以读促写：形体描写之“腿”
But my legs and arms were shaking. Every step felt like that thousands of needles were sinking into my legs. There were three blisters on each of my feet. I couldn't take it. Besides, because my bag was full, I put all my clothes on me, which made me feel very hot. Sweat was dripping down my face. It felt like I was in the Sahara!
但我的双腿和双臂在颤抖，每走一步双腿就像千万根针扎进去一样。每只脚上起了很多水泡，我可受不了。此外，因为我的包是满满的，我把所有衣服都穿在身上，这使我觉得很热。汗水从脸上滴落下来，感觉就像在撒哈拉沙漠！
高分悟道 本段加黑部分中关于腿部动作的描写，尤其是腿像针扎似的，形象地描绘出了人物疲劳、痛苦的精神状态。
高分有招 常见的与“腿”相关的高分词块有： drag one's heavy legs 拖着沉重的双腿 cross one's legs 盘腿 shaky/trembling legs 颤抖的双腿
本部分内容见《课前默写本》P639
一、变形词汇——练清易错微点
1．You need to sit down and (analysis) why you feel so upset.
2．We should do something to make ourselves (mental) strong.
3．It is (universal) acknowledged that wealth doesn't necessarily mean happiness.
4．While an (intelligence) person can often simplify the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.
5．The new neighbor had (limit) knitting skills so she asked me to create sweaters for kids in hospital together.
6．Finally, he earned (sufficiency) money to fulfill his childhood dream after years of hard work.
7．Faced with so many problems arising from lack of communication, I didn't know how to deal with them (independent)．
易错微点
1．universally是一个副词，意为“普遍地”或“一般地”，在句子中用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，以强调某种情况或状态在所有相关的情况下都是成立的。It is universally acknowledged that ...“普遍认为……”。
2．limited adj.“有限的”，此处have limited knitting skills 意为“编织技能有限”。
二、重点词汇——练后拓展归纳
1．determine vt.查明；确定；决定
①Everyone concerned acted with great courage and (determine)．
②(申请信)Hearing that you're recruiting some volunteers to welcome the coming foreign students, I to apply for this job.
听说你正在招募一些志愿者来欢迎即将到来的外国学生，我决定写信申请这份工作。
③As he was determined to study hard, Kuang Heng dug a small hole in the wall to steal light from his neighbor's house to read at night.
→ ， Kuang Heng dug a small hole in the wall to steal light from his neighbor's house to read at night.(用分词短语作状语升级)
(1)determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事
determine to do sth. 决定做某事(表示动作)
(2)determined adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(表示状态)
(3)determination n． 决心；决定
with determination 坚决地
2.disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的
①Our results in this market have been rather (disappoint) compared with last year.
②Unfortunately, we forgot to weigh them, and I was disappointed (find) they were too small.
③(一句多译)令他们失望的是，他们第一次尝试做母亲节早餐失败了。
→ ， they failed to cook the Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt. (disappointment)
→ was that they failed to cook the Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt.(what引导的主语从句)
→They failed to cook the Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt, .(定语从句)
(1)be disappointed at/with/by ... 对……失望
be disappointed to do sth. 对做某事失望
be disappointed that ... 对……失望
(2)disappointment n. 失望；沮丧
to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
(3)disappoint vt. 使失望；使沮丧
disappointing adj. 令人失望的
3．desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望
①He has a strong desire a smartphone with a large internal memory.
②(建议信)Knowing you ， I'd like to offer you some suggestions.
得知你很想学好汉语，我想给你提供一些建议。
③(一句多译)如果你渴望用英语无障碍地与外国人交流，我呼吁你立即加入我们的英语口语俱乐部。
→If ， I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.(desire to do)
→If ， I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.(desire that)
(1)have a desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
have a desire for sth. 渴望得到某物
(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth. 渴望某人做某事
desire that ...(should) do 渴望……做……
名师指津：desire后接名词性从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。
4．signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号n.信号；标志
①The head teacher signaled to the monitor (manage) the students strictly.
②(动作描写)The bell ， and the students rose to their feet, seized their schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like arrows.
铃声表明放学了，学生们站起来，抓起书包，像箭一样冲出教室。
③Fire broke out during the night. The boy immediately for rescue.
夜间突然发生火灾。这个男孩立即发出求救信号。
(1)signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事
signal (sb.) that 示意(某人)……
(2)traffic signals 交通信号灯
send out a signal 发出信号
5．lack n．缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏
①Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and .
健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。
②(一句多译)尽管这对双胞胎缺乏烹饪经验，但他们通过上网寻求建议来弥补。
→ ， the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.(状语从句)
→ ， the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice. (状语从句的省略形式)
(1)for lack of 因缺乏……
(a) lack of 缺乏……
(2)lack (for) sth. 缺乏/缺少某物
(3)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的
be lacking in 缺少……
名师指津：lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可作及物动词直接加宾语(不能用于被动语态和进行时)，也可作不及物动词，后常与介词for连用；形容词lacking常与in连用。
6．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论；主张；说服
①As our family income decreased, Father argued an increase in our pocket money.
②After a heated (argue) with his parents, Tom left home with anger, walking aimlessly.
③They argued him into (take) exercise on a regular basis.
④(2022·全国乙卷书面表达)Based on the above chart, 65% of the students listening English songs while 18% of the students they can have their English level improved by reading English books.
根据上面的表格，65%的学生赞成听英语歌曲，而18%的学生主张他们可以通过读英语书籍提高他们的英语水平。
(1)argue with sb.about/over sth. 与某人争论某事
argue for/against sth. 赞成/反对某事
argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
argue that ... 主张……
(2)argument n. 争论；争吵；论点
have an argument with 与……争论/争吵
7．attach vt.系；绑；贴
①The girl unwrapped her gift box, surprised to find a heartfelt note (attach) to the present.
②Please find my application letter and résumé in the (attach).
③(话题写作之语言学习)You during the process of learning a language.
在学习一门语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。
④(动作描写)He took out the hammock, and lay in it comfortably, listening to his favorite music.
他拿出吊床，把它系在树上，惬意地躺在里面，听着他最喜爱的音乐。
(1)attach ...to ... 把……附在……上；把……绑在……上
attach value/importance/significance/weight to ...
认为……有价值/重要/有意义/有分量
(2)attached adj. 附加的；依恋的；爱慕的
be attached to 喜欢；依恋；附属于
(3)attachment n. 附件；附属物；依恋
三、重点短语——练后查找疏漏
1．result in导致；造成
(补全语段)Misunderstandings ① lack of social communication and, if not handled properly, may ② more serious problems.③ ， we should master sufficient communication skills.
由于缺乏社交沟通而产生的误解，如果处理不当，可能会导致更严重的问题。因此，我们应该掌握足够的沟通技巧。
result from 由……导致；因……而产生
as a result 所以；结果(是)
as a result of 由于……
without result 没有结果；徒劳地
2．run out用完；耗尽
(动作描写)Tom was ① Jerry when he ② Spike. He ran so fast that he couldn't stop and as a result, he ③ Spike. He had to ④ angry Spike. He ran and ran. He didn't shake off Spike until he ⑤ his strength/his strength ⑥ .(补全语段)
汤姆在追杰瑞时碰到了斯派克。他跑得如此快，以至于停不下来，结果撞到了斯派克身上。他不得不逃离愤怒的斯派克。他跑啊跑，直到力气耗尽，才甩开了斯派克。
run out of 用光；用完(人作主语，有被动语态)
run across 偶然遇到
run after 追逐；追求
run into 撞上；遇上；偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻烦等)
run for 竞选
run away (from) 走掉；跑开；逃避
四、一词多义——语境中辨词义(对应右栏词义填代码)
1.①Some birds use warm air currents to help them fly. ②The current money in China is Renminbi. ③We should try our best to go with the current of the times. ④As a journalist, you need to keep up with the current affairs and be devoted to writing. 1.current A．adj.现在的；当前的 B．adj.流通的 C．n.气流 D．n.潮流
2.①You are so warm hearted that you launched a campaign to donate food and clothes to people in need. ②It is confirmed that China will launch more spacecraft to the moon in the following year. ③After the launch of the products，they have won good praises from customers for their convenient and high efficient superior properties. ④The Idler was launched by Tom Hodgkinson, back in 1993. 2.launch A．vt.发射(卫星等) B．vt.创办；发行 C．vt.发动；发起(运动、战役等) D．n.(新产品)投入市场
数智赋能 随堂训练—用单元所学知识补全语段
(2022·全国乙卷·阅读理解C篇)Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on time performance will be improved.Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead.Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future.They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co pilot.With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast moving trains would be able to react in time.,
[真题评价]
1．What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible？( )
A．The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B．Drones' ability to work at high altitudes.
C．The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D．Drones' reliable performance in remote areas.
2．What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to？( )
A．Personnel safety.
B．Assistance from drones.
C．Inspection and repair.
D．Construction of infrastructure.
3．What function is expected of the rail drones？( )
A．To provide early warning.
B．To make trains run automatically.
C．To earn profits for the crews.
D．To accelerate transportation.
4．Which is the most suitable title for the text？( )
A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B．How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C．What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D．How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
[语篇精读]
一、理文脉，把握文章大意
本文是一篇说明文，采用了“总—分”的语篇结构。
二、拓词汇，厚积语基语料
1．因境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的词性及含义)
①(派生词)Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year？
②(合成词)Drones are already being used to examine high tension electrical lines.
③(熟词生义)By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.
2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思)
①make sure
②on a 24/7 basis
③across the board
④the latest technologies
⑤work on
⑥ahead of
三、析难句，破解阅读障碍
1．That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
抓标志：从属连词
判类型：主句＋宾语从句
试翻译：未来很可能是这样：应用今天的“天眼”技术确保全球数百万公里的铁轨和基础设施对火车运行全天候都是安全可靠的。
2．It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.
抓标志：从属连词
判类型：“It is calculated that ...”句型
试翻译：据计算，欧洲铁路每年仅在维护上就花费约200亿欧元，其中包括派遣维护人员夜间检修铁路基础设施(的费用)。
由教材典句，学高级表达
句式 otherwise的用法
|解|读|规|则|
(1)otherwise用作连词时，有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子用虚拟语气。表示对过去的虚拟，谓语动词用would/could have done；表示对现在的虚拟，谓语动词用would/could do。
(2)otherwise还常用于“祈使句＋otherwise＋陈述句”句型。
|习|练|规|则| (单句语法填空)
①We didn't know you were in trouble at that time，otherwise we (give) you a hand.
②Submit your application on time, you will be banned from participating in the activity.
③I have no money on me now. Otherwise, I (lend) some to you.
|应|用|写|美|
④(心理描写)他承认自己所做的事，这是明智的，否则他就会陷入一系列的麻烦。
It was wise of him to admit what he had done， a series of trouble.
⑤(宣传稿)抓住机会，否则你就不会欣赏到美丽的传统中国画了。
Seize the chance, the beautiful traditional Chinese paintings.
建构语义场，丰富语料库
子语境(一) 太空探索活动
1．the desire to explore the universe 探索宇宙的渴望
2．in the hope of finding out 希望弄明白
3．both dangerous and challenging 既危险又有挑战性
4．pioneering work 开创性的工作
5．make great progress 取得巨大的进步
6．travel into space 到太空旅行
7．interact with students 与学生们互动
8．have more direct access to 更直观地了解
9．China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab into space and Tianzhou 1 to dock with it.
中国发射了“天宫二号”空间实验室进入太空，并发射“天舟一号”与之对接。
10．China has sent Chang'e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations.
中国已经发射了“嫦娥四号”，对月球背面进行测量和观测。
子语境(二) 太空探索的意义
1．remarkable accomplishments 非凡的成就
2．promote technological advancement 促进科技进步
3．inspire our interest in space 激发我们对太空的兴趣
4．expand our understanding of the universe
加深我们对宇宙的理解
5．solve some of the big problems facing mankind
解决人类面临的一些重大问题
6．make our lives safer and easier
使我们的生活更安全、更轻松
7．make contributions to all mankind
为全人类作出贡献
8．These scientific and technological advances can provide benefits to societies on the Earth in many areas including health, energy and information technology.这些科学和技术进步可在保健、能源和信息技术等许多领域为整个社会带来好处。
主题微写作，勤练笔不辍
(一)应用单元所学补全语段(黑体字为单元词汇的复现)
The ① (太空探索的渴望) has never stopped since ancient times. Our ancestors ② (决定追逐) their dreams of entering skies with determination. Even though fatal space disasters which killed astronauts on board made them disappointed, people's desire to explore space never died. Nowadays, many people ③ (支持) exploring space. So we must
④ (重视) our mission and make a mark in the final frontier. China is the third country to send humans into space independently, which ⑤ (标志着巨大的飞跃) forward in its history. Our ⑥ (地球的资源是有限的), and as a result, we should find a new home to ⑦ (提供生活所需) the ever increasing population.
(二)主题语段的细节描写训练
1．太空逐梦(表达逻辑：好奇→兴奋)
Carlos opened the door and just saw Maya ① (坐在纸板飞船里)．Maya invited Carlos to sit in front of her and drive the spaceship.
② (看到玛雅脸上的兴奋), he got into the spaceship.Then he heard their dad's voice.Their dad stood behind the spaceship, then started making the sound of a spaceship during lift off and ③ (慢慢地推动纸板飞船)．When they came into the living room, there were stars ④ (在墙上闪耀)．They felt like they were in outer space.A moment later, they stopped at the dinner table where there was a card that said “Best Restaurant in Space”．After getting out of the spaceship, they were walking towards the table, ⑤ (就像电视上呈现的那些宇航员一样)．
2．太空探索的影响(表达逻辑：鼓励→激励)
China's Shenzhou 16 astronauts in the Tiangong space station encouraged the primary and secondary school students across the country on Friday, the first day of the new semester, to ① (追逐他们的梦想)．Via a video link, Zhu Yangzhu, the country's first flight engineer in space, ② (呼吁学生保持自我激励), ③ (补充说) his dream of flying in the sky had never faded.Gui Haichao, a professor at Beihang University and the country's first civilian astronaut into space, encouraged pupils to ④ (保持好奇心)．“Twenty years ago, when I was a sophomore in secondary school, the news I heard from the school radio that Shenzhou 5 spacecraft was successfully launched ignited my passion for space，” he said.“My curiosity for space has guided me in decision making and perseverance.” Jing Haipeng, the commander of the Shenzhou 16 mission, is the first Chinese astronaut to ⑤ (四次进入太空)．He inspired students to ⑥ (坚持他们的梦想), noting that he had made preparations for ten years before his first space flight.
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
[课堂学案·过词汇关]
一、变形词汇
1.analyse 2.mentally 3.universally 4.intelligent 5.limited
6.sufficient 7.independently
二、重点词汇
1.①determination ②have determined to write
③Determined to study hard
2.①disappointing ②to find ③To their disappointment; What made them disappointed/What disappointed them; which made them disappointed/which disappointed them
3.①for ②have a strong desire to learn Chinese well ③you desire to communicate with foreigners freely; you desire that you (should) communicate with foreigners freely
4.①to manage ②signalled that school was over ③sent out a signal
5.①(a) lack of exercise ②Though they lacked/were lacking in cooking experience; Though lacking/lacking in cooking experience
6.①against ②argument ③taking ④argue for; argue that
7.①attached ②attachment ③can never attach too much importance to reading ④attached it to the trees
三、重点短语
1.①resulting from ②result in ③As a result
2.①running after ②ran across ③ran into ④run away from
⑤ran out of ⑥ran out
四、一词多义
1.①C ②B ③D ④A 2.①C ②A ③D ④B
[迁移应用·过阅读关]
[真题评价]
[价值导向] 本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”技术,无人机未来能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。选文引导我们未来对高新技术在不同领域的运用前景有一个正确的认识。
1.A 2.C 3.A 4.D
[语篇精读]
二、1.①n.可靠性 ②adj.高压的 ③n.道岔,转辙器
2.①确保 ②全天候 ③全面地 ④最新技术
⑤努力改善(或完成) ⑥在……前面;早于
三、1.that 2.that
[发展提升·过表达关]
由教材典句,学高级表达
[句式] ①would/could have given ②otherwise
③would/could lend ④otherwise he would have got into
⑤otherwise you won’t enjoy
主题微写作,勤练笔不辍
(一)①desire for space exploration ②determined to pursue
③argue for ④attach importance to ⑤signals a giant leap
⑥planet’s resources are limited ⑦provide for
(二)1.①sitting in the cardboard spaceship ②Seeing the excitement on Maya’s face ③pushed the cardboard spaceship slowly ④shining around the walls
⑤just like those astronauts shown on TV
2.①chase their dreams ②called on students to stay self motivated ③adding that ④stay curious
⑤enter space four times ⑥stick with their dreams
20 / 20(共174张PPT)
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
目录
CONTENTS
迁移应用—过阅读关
03.
发展提升—过表达关
04.
自主学习—过识记关
01.
课堂学案—过词汇关
02.
课下双测—过高考关
05.
1
自主学习—过识记关
|背|单|词|
一、阅读单词(明其义)
1．astronaut n. 宇航员；太空人
2．rocket n． 火箭；火箭弹
3．gravity n． 重力；引力
4．vehicle n． 交通工具；车辆
5．satellite n． 人造卫星；卫星
6．orbit n． 轨道；势力范围
vt.& vi. 沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
7．giant adj. 巨大的；伟大的
n． 巨人；巨兽；伟人
8．data n. [pl.] 资料；数据
9．spacecraft n． 航天器；宇宙飞船
10．spacewalk n． 太空行走；太空行走的时间
11．module n． 舱；组件；模块
12．muscle n． 肌肉；实力；影响力
13．solar adj. 太阳的；太阳能的
14．soap n． 肥皂
15．towel n． 毛巾；抹布
16．tissue n． 纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
17．monitor n． 监视器；监测仪
vt. 监视；监测；监控
18．pillow n． 枕头
19．smartphone n． 智能手机
20．oxygen n． 氧；氧气
二、核心单词(书写准)
1．procedure n． 程序；步骤；手续
2．launch vt.& n． 发射；发起；上市
3．leap n． 跳跃；剧增；剧变
vi.& vt. 跳过；跃过
4．mankind n． 人类
5．desire n． 渴望；欲望
vt. 渴望；期望
6．signal vt.& vi. 标志着；标明；发信号
n． 信号；标志
7．recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用
8．lack n． 缺乏；短缺
vt. 没有；缺乏
9．float vi. 浮动；漂流；漂浮
vt. 使浮动；使漂流
10．otherwise adv. 否则；要不然
11．beyond prep. 在更远处；超出
12．current adj. 当前的；现在的
n． 水流；电流；思潮
13．facility n． 设施；设备
14．keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的
15．shallow adj. 肤浅的；浅的
16．pattern n． 模式；图案；模范
17．resource n． 资源；财力；物力
三、变形单词(晓其变)
1．mental adj. 精神的；思想的
mentality n. 心态；心理；智力
2．intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的
intelligence n. 智力；聪明；智能
3．front n. 前线；前面adj.前面的
frontier n. 边境；国界；边远地区
4．determine vt. 查明；确定；决定
determined adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的
determination n. 决心
5．agent n. 代理人；代理商
agency n. 专门机构；服务机构；代理处
6．transmit vt.& vi. 传输；发送
transmission n. 传输；发送
7．disappoint vt. 使失望
disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的
disappointing adj. 令人失望的
disappointment n. 失望；沮丧
8．universe n. 宇宙；天地万物
universal adj. 普遍的；全体的；通用的
universally adv. 普遍地；共同地
9．independent adj. 独立的；自立的
independence n. 独立
independently adv. 独立地；自立地
10．sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的
sufficiency n. 足量；足够
11．globe n. 地球；世界；地球仪
global adj. 全球性的；全世界的
12．arguevt.& vi. 论证；争辩；争论
argument n. 争论；争吵；论点
13．fatal adj. 致命的；灾难性的
fatality n. 致命性；死亡
14．analysis n. (对事物的)分析；分析结果
analyse v. 分析
15．regular adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的
regularly adv. 经常；定期地
regularity n. 规律性；经常性
16．limit n. 限制；极限；界限vt.限制
limited adj. 有限的
limitless adj. 无限的
17．close v. 关闭adj.靠近的；亲密的
adv. 紧密地n.结束
closing adj. 结尾的；结束的n.停业；关闭；倒闭
18．mystery n. 神秘事物；谜
mysterious adj. 神秘的
19．attach vt. 系；绑；贴
attachment n. 附属物；附件
四、同“族”词汇(巧积累)
1．合成名词对对碰
①spacecraft 航天器；宇宙飞船
②spacewalk 太空行走；太空行走的时间
③housework 家务
④gentleman 绅士
⑤handwriting 书写
⑥daybreak 破晓
2．后缀-al 形容词串串记
①globe→global 全球的
②nature→natural 自然的
③culture→cultural 文化的
④universe→universal 普遍的
⑤fate→fatal 致命的
⑥agriculture→agricultural 农业的
3．后缀-less形容词面面观
①limit→limitless 无限的
②aim→aimless 漫无目的的
③help→helpless 无助的
④rest→restless 焦躁不安的
⑤use→useless 无用的
⑥power→powerless 无能为力的
⑦hope→hopeless 无望的
⑧tire→tireless 不知疲倦的
|背|短|语|
1．on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；
在飞机上
2．carry on 继续做，坚持干
3．in the hope of doing sth. 抱着……的希望
4．so as to (do sth.) 为了；以便
5．figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
6．result in 导致；造成
7．as a result 所以；结果(是)
8．provide for sb. 提供生活所需
9．in closing 最后
10．run out 用完；耗尽
|背|佳|句|
一、背教材原句，学高级句式
1．Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.(动词不定式作后置定语)
之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。
2．This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.(This is because ...“这是因为……”)
这是因为尽管风险巨大，人类还是坚信太空探索极为重要。
3．Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.(otherwise的用法)
宇航员在太空工作时，必须用胶带把所有的东西固定住，因为所有的东西要不然都会飘走。
二、背主题佳句，学出彩表达
单元主题：太空探索
1．With the development of space science and technology, it is not a remote dream to travel in space.
随着空间科学技术的发展，到太空旅行已不是遥不可及的梦想。
2．So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.
宇宙还有很多未探索的领域，我们才刚刚接近这段奇幻发现之旅的起点。
3．Man's exploration into the depths of the universe must be challenging, but as long as we keep enterprising, the future must be bright.
人类向宇宙深处的探索肯定是充满挑战的，但只要我们保持进取心，前途一定是光明的。
|背|语|段|
以读促写：形体描写之“腿”
But my legs and arms were shaking. Every step felt like that thousands of needles were sinking into my legs. There were three blisters on each of my feet. I couldn't take it. Besides, because my bag was full, I put all my clothes on me, which made me feel very hot. Sweat was dripping down my face. It felt like I was in the Sahara!
但我的双腿和双臂在颤抖，每走一步双腿就像千万根针扎进去一样。每只脚上起了很多水泡，我可受不了。此外，因为我的包是满满的，我把所有衣服都穿在身上，这使我觉得很热。汗水从脸上滴落下来，感觉就像在撒哈拉沙漠！
高分悟道 本段加蓝部分中关于腿部动作的描写，尤其是腿像针扎似的，形象地描绘出了人物疲劳、痛苦的精神状态。
高分有招 常见的与“腿”相关的高分词块有：
drag one's heavy legs 拖着沉重的双腿
cross one's legs 盘腿
shaky/trembling legs 颤抖的双腿
一、默写核心单词
1．experiment 试验程序
2． a new product 推出一种新产品
3． with joy 欣喜若狂
4．friends of 人类的朋友
5．have a strong 有强烈的渴望
procedures
launch
leap
mankind
desire
6．the starting 起跑信号
7． materials 回收利用材料
8． self-confidence 缺乏自信
9． in the water 在水中漂浮
10． description 难以形容
signal
recycle
lack
float
beyond
11．a warm 一股暖流
12．education 教育设施
13．be on the ballet 热衷于芭蕾舞
14．in waters 在浅水区
15．this practice 这种练习模式
16．a very important 一种非常重要的资源
current
facilities
keen
shallow
pattern
resource
二、默写变形单词
(依据语境提示在横线上写出单词的正确形式)
mental
mentality
intelligent
intelligence
determine
determined
determination
disappoint
disappointed
disappointing
disappointment
universe
universal
universally
independent
independence
independently
sufficient
sufficiency
globe
global
argue
argument
analysis
analyse
regular
regularly
regularity
三、默写重点短语
1． 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；
在飞机上
2． 继续做，坚持干
3． 抱着……的希望
4． 为了；以便
5． 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
on board
carry on
in the hope of doing sth.
so as to (do sth.)
figure out
6． 导致；造成
7． 所以；结果(是)
8． 提供生活所需
9． 最后
10． 用完；耗尽
result in
as a result
provide for sb.
in closing
run out
四、默写经典句式(完成句子)
1．Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin____________________________________
.
之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。
became the first person in the world to
enter space
2． people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
这是因为尽管风险巨大，人类还是坚信太空探索极为重要。
3．Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because .
宇航员在太空工作时，必须用胶带把所有的东西固定住，因为所有的东西要不然就会飘走。
This is because
everything would float off otherwise
2
课堂学案—过词汇关
一、变形词汇——练清易错微点
1．You need to sit down and (analysis) why you feel so upset.
2．We should do something to make ourselves (mental) strong.
3．It is (universal) acknowledged that wealth doesn't necessarily mean happiness.
analyse
mentally
universally
4．While an (intelligence) person can often simplify the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.
5．The new neighbor had (limit) knitting skills so she asked me to create sweaters for kids in hospital together.
intelligent
limited
6．Finally, he earned (sufficiency) money to fulfill his childhood dream after years of hard work.
7．Faced with so many problems arising from lack of communication, I didn't know how to deal with them (independent)．
sufficient
independently
易错微点
1．universally是一个副词，意为“普遍地”或“一般地”，在句子中用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，以强调某种情况或状态在所有相关的情况下都是成立的。It is universally acknowledged that ...“普遍认为……”。
2．limited adj.“有限的”，此处have limited knitting skills 意为“编织技能有限”。
二、重点词汇——练后拓展归纳
1．determine vt.查明；确定；决定
①Everyone concerned acted with great courage and _______________
(determine)．
②(申请信)Hearing that you're recruiting some volunteers to welcome the coming foreign students, I to apply for this job.
听说你正在招募一些志愿者来欢迎即将到来的外国学生，我决定写信申请这份工作。
determination
have determined to write
③As he was determined to study hard, Kuang Heng dug a small hole in the wall to steal light from his neighbor's house to read at night.
→ , Kuang Heng dug a small hole in the wall to steal light from his neighbor's house to read at night.(用分词短语作状语升级)
Determined to study hard
(1)determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事
determine to do sth. 决定做某事(表示动作)
(2)determined adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(表示状态)
(3)determination n． 决心；决定
with determination 坚决地
2．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的
①Our results in this market have been rather ____________________
(disappoint) compared with last year.
②Unfortunately, we forgot to weigh them, and I was disappointed____
(find) they were too small.
disappointing
to
find
③(一句多译)令他们失望的是，他们第一次尝试做母亲节早餐失败了。
→ , they failed to cook the Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt. (disappointment)
→ was that they failed to cook the Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt.(what引导的主语从句)
→They failed to cook the Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt,
.(定语从句)
To their disappointment
What made them disappointed/What disappointed them
which made them disappointed/which disappointed them
(1)be disappointed at/with/by ... 对……失望
be disappointed to do sth. 对做某事失望
be disappointed that ... 对……失望
(2)disappointment n． 失望；沮丧
to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
(3)disappoint vt. 使失望；使沮丧
disappointing adj. 令人失望的
3．desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望
①He has a strong desire a smartphone with a large internal memory.
②(建议信)Knowing you , I'd like to offer you some suggestions.
得知你很想学好汉语，我想给你提供一些建议。
for
have a strong desire to learn Chinese well
③(一句多译)如果你渴望用英语无障碍地与外国人交流，我呼吁你立即加入我们的英语口语俱乐部。
→If , I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.(desire to do)
→If , I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.(desire that)
you desire to communicate with foreigners freely
you desire that you (should) communicate with foreigners freely
(1)have a desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
have a desire for sth. 渴望得到某物
(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth. 渴望某人做某事
desire that ...(should) do 渴望……做……
名师指津：desire后接名词性从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。
4．signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号n.信号；标志
①The head teacher signaled to the monitor (manage) the students strictly.
②(动作描写)The bell , and the students rose to their feet, seized their schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like arrows.
铃声表明放学了，学生们站起来，抓起书包，像箭一样冲出教室。
to manage
signalled that school was over
③Fire broke out during the night. The boy immediately_____________
for rescue.
夜间突然发生火灾。这个男孩立即发出求救信号。
sent out a
signal
(1)signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事
signal (sb.) that 示意(某人)……
(2)traffic signals交 通信号灯
send out a signal 发出信号
5．lack n．缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏
①Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and
.
健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。
(a) lack of exercise
②(一句多译)尽管这对双胞胎缺乏烹饪经验，但他们通过上网寻求建议来弥补。
→ , the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.(状语从句)
→ , the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice. (状语从句的省略形式)
Though they lacked/were lacking in cooking experience
Though lacking/lacking in cooking experience
(1)for lack of 因缺乏……
(a) lack of 缺乏……
(2)lack (for) sth. 缺乏/缺少某物
(3)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的
be lacking in 缺少……
名师指津：lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可作及物动词直接加宾语(不能用于被动语态和进行时)，也可作不及物动词，后常与介词for连用；形容词lacking常与in连用。
6．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论；主张；说服
①As our family income decreased, Father argued an increase in our pocket money.
②After a heated (argue) with his parents, Tom left home with anger, walking aimlessly.
③They argued him into (take) exercise on a regular basis.
against
argument
taking
④(2022·全国乙卷书面表达)Based on the above chart, 65% of the students listening English songs while 18% of the students
they can have their English level improved by reading English books.
根据上面的表格，65%的学生赞成听英语歌曲，而18%的学生主张他们可以通过读英语书籍提高他们的英语水平。
argue for
argue that
(1)argue with sb.about/over sth. 与某人争论某事
argue for/against sth. 赞成/反对某事
argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
argue that ... 主张……
(2)argument n． 争论；争吵；论点
have an argument with 与……争论/争吵
7.attach vt.系；绑；贴
①The girl unwrapped her gift box, surprised to find a heartfelt note
(attach) to the present.
②Please find my application letter and résumé in the ______________
(attach).
③(话题写作之语言学习)You ___________________________________
during the process of learning a language.
在学习一门语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。
attached
attachment
can never attach too much importance
to reading
④(动作描写)He took out the hammock, and lay in it comfortably, listening to his favorite music.
他拿出吊床，把它系在树上，惬意地躺在里面，听着他最喜爱的音乐。
attached it to the trees
(1)attach ...to ... 把……附在……上；
把……绑在……上
attach value/importance/significance/weight to ...
认为……有价值/重要/有意义/有分量
(2)attached adj. 附加的；依恋的；爱慕的
be attached to 喜欢；依恋；附属于
(3)attachment n． 附件；附属物；依恋
三、重点短语——练后查找疏漏
1．result in导致；造成
(补全语段)Misunderstandings ① lack of social communication and, if not handled properly, may ② more serious problems.③ , we should master sufficient communication skills.
由于缺乏社交沟通而产生的误解，如果处理不当，可能会导致更严重的问题。因此，我们应该掌握足够的沟通技巧。
resulting from
result in
As a result
result from 由……导致；因……而产生
as a result 所以；结果(是)
as a result of 由于……
without result 没有结果；徒劳地
2．run out用完；耗尽
(动作描写)Tom was ① Jerry when he ②____________
Spike. He ran so fast that he couldn't stop and as a result, he ③__________
Spike. He had to ④ angry Spike. He ran and ran. He didn't shake off Spike until he ⑤ his strength/his strength ⑥ .
(补全语段)
汤姆在追杰瑞时碰到了斯派克。他跑得如此快，以至于停不下来，结果撞到了斯派克身上。他不得不逃离愤怒的斯派克。他跑啊跑，直到力气耗尽，才甩开了斯派克。
running after
ran across
ran into
run away from
ran out of
ran out
run out of 用光；用完(人作主语，有被动语态)
run across 偶然遇到
run after 追逐；追求
run into 撞上；遇上；偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻烦等)
run for 竞选
run away (from) 走掉；跑开；逃避
四、一词多义——语境中辨词义(对应右栏词义填代码)
1.①Some birds use warm air currents to help them fly. ___ ②The current money in China is Renminbi. ___ ③We should try our best to go with the current of the times. ___ ④As a journalist, you need to keep up with the current affairs and be devoted to writing. ___ 1.current
A．adj.现在的；
当前的
B．adj.流通的
C．n.气流
D．n.潮流
C
B
D
A
2.①You are so warm-hearted that you launched a campaign to donate food and clothes to people in need. ___ ②It is confirmed that China will launch more spacecraft to the moon in the following year. ___ ③After the launch of the products，they have won good praises from customers for their convenient and high-efficient superior properties. ____ ④The Idler was launched by Tom Hodgkinson, back in 1993. ____ 2.launch
A．vt.发射
(卫星等)
B．vt.创办；发行
C．vt.发动；发起(运动、战役等)
D．n.(新产品)
投入市场
C
A
D
B
数智赋能 随堂训练—用单元所学知识补全语段
3
迁移应用—过阅读关
(说明：文中加蓝词汇为本单元主题词汇)
(2022·全国乙卷·阅读理解C篇)Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved.Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead.Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future.They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
[真题评价]
[价值导向] 本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”技术，无人机未来能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。选文引导我们未来对高新技术在不同领域的运用前景有一个正确的认识。
√
1．What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A．The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B．Drones' ability to work at high altitudes.
C．The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D．Drones' reliable performance in remote areas.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure”可知，无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。它们同样可以被用来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面。由此可知，无人机已经被用于检查高压电线，这使得无人机在铁路线上的应用成为可能。故选A。
√
2．What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Personnel safety.
B．Assistance from drones.
C．Inspection and repair.
D．Construction of infrastructure.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.”可知，据计算，仅欧洲铁路每年就花费约200亿欧元用于维护，包括派遣维护人员，经常在夜间检查和维修铁路基础设施。由此可知，画线词指的是“检查和维修”。故选C。
√
3．What function is expected of the rail drones
A．To provide early warning.
B．To make trains run automatically.
C．To earn profits for the crews.
D．To accelerate transportation.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones ...react in time.”可知，工程师们现在正在研究一个新概念：未来的铁路无人机。它们将在列车前方的轨道上运行，并被设定为自动运行。配备了先进传感器和人工智能的小型无人机可以像副驾驶员一样引导火车前进。它们有预见未来的能力，可以发出任何问题的信号，这样快速行驶的列车就能及时做出反应。由此可知，人们期待未来的铁路无人机具备提供早期预警的功能。故选A。
√
4．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B．How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C．What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D．How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段第一句“Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year？”和下文对无人机在铁路领域的应用的介绍以及对未来无人机的发展展望可知，在未来，无人机将会保证铁路的安全性和可靠性，或许会成为铁路安全的新未来。故D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来”最适合作本文的标题。
[语篇精读]
一、理文脉，把握文章大意
本文是一篇说明文，采用了“总—分”的语篇结构。
二、拓词汇，厚积语基语料
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的词性及含义)
①(派生词)Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year？________
②(合成词)Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.___________
n.可靠性
adj.高压的
③(熟词生义)By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.
________________
n.道岔，转辙器
2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思)
①make sure ______
②on a 24/7 basis _______
③across the board _______
④the latest technologies _________
⑤work on ________________
⑥ahead of _________________
确保
全天候
全面地
最新技术
努力改善(或完成)
在……前面；早于
三、析难句，破解阅读障碍
1．That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
抓标志：从属连词_____
判类型：主句＋宾语从句
试翻译：未来很可能是这样：应用今天的“天眼”技术确保全球数百万公里的铁轨和基础设施对火车运行全天候都是安全可靠的。
that
2．It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.
抓标志：从属连词_____
判类型：“It is calculated that ...”句型
试翻译：据计算，欧洲铁路每年仅在维护上就花费约200亿欧元，其中包括派遣维护人员夜间检修铁路基础设施(的费用)。
that
4
发展提升—过表达关
由教材典句，学高级表达
|解|读|规|则|
(1)otherwise用作连词时，有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子用虚拟语气。表示对过去的虚拟，谓语动词用would/could have done；表示对现在的虚拟，谓语动词用would/could do。
(2)otherwise还常用于“祈使句＋otherwise＋陈述句”句型。
otherwise的用法
|习|练|规|则| (单句语法填空)
①We didn't know you were in trouble at that time，otherwise we
(give) you a hand.
②Submit your application on time, you will be banned from participating in the activity.
③I have no money on me now. Otherwise, I (lend) some to you.
would/could have given
otherwise
would/could lend
|应|用|写|美|
④(心理描写)他承认自己所做的事，这是明智的，否则他就会陷入一系列的麻烦。
It was wise of him to admit what he had done，___________________
a series of trouble.
⑤(宣传稿)抓住机会，否则你就不会欣赏到美丽的传统中国画了。
Seize the chance, the beautiful traditional Chinese paintings.
otherwise he would
have got into
otherwise you won't enjoy
建构语义场，丰富语料库
子语境(一) 太空探索活动
1．the desire to explore the universe 探索宇宙的渴望
2．in the hope of finding out 希望弄明白
3．both dangerous and challenging 既危险又有挑战性
4．pioneering work 开创性的工作
5．make great progress 取得巨大的进步
6．travel into space 到太空旅行
7．interact with students 与学生们互动
8．have more direct access to 更直观地了解
9．China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab into space and Tianzhou 1 to dock with it.
中国发射了“天宫二号”空间实验室进入太空，并发射“天舟一号”与之对接。
10．China has sent Chang'e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations.
中国已经发射了“嫦娥四号”，对月球背面进行测量和观测。
子语境(二) 太空探索的意义
1．remarkable accomplishments 非凡的成就
2．promote technological advancement 促进科技进步
3．inspire our interest in space 激发我们对太空的兴趣
4．expand our understanding of the universe
加深我们对宇宙的理解
5．solve some of the big problems facing mankind
解决人类面临的一些重大问题
6．make our lives safer and easier
使我们的生活更安全、更轻松
7．make contributions to all mankind
为全人类作出贡献
8．These scientific and technological advances can provide benefits to societies on the Earth in many areas including health, energy and information technology.
这些科学和技术进步可在保健、能源和信息技术等许多领域为整个社会带来好处。
主题微写作，勤练笔不辍
(一)应用单元所学补全语段(蓝体字为单元词汇的复现)
The ① (太空探索的渴望) has never stopped since ancient times. Our ancestors ② ____________________
(决定追逐) their dreams of entering skies with determination. Even though fatal space disasters which killed astronauts on board made them disappointed, people's desire to explore space never died.
desire for space exploration
determined to pursue
Nowadays, many people ③ (支持) exploring space. So we must ④ (重视) our mission and make a mark in the final frontier. China is the third country to send humans into space independently, which ⑤ (标志着巨大的飞跃) ⑥ (地球的资源是有限的), and as a result, we should find a new home to
⑦ (提供生活所需) the ever increasing population.
argue for
attach importance to
signals a giant leap
forward in its history. Our
provide for
planet's resources are limited
(二)主题语段的细节描写训练
1．太空逐梦(表达逻辑：好奇→兴奋)
Carlos opened the door and just saw Maya ①_________________
(坐在纸板飞船里)．Maya invited Carlos to sit in front of her and drive the spaceship.②_________________________
(看到玛雅脸上的兴奋), he got into the spaceship.Then he heard their dad's voice.Their dad stood behind the spaceship, then
sitting in the
cardboard spaceship
Seeing the excitement on
Maya's face
started making the sound of a spaceship during lift-off and ③_______
(慢慢地推动纸板飞船)．When they came into the living room, there were stars ④_____________________
(在墙上闪耀)．They felt like they were in outer space.A moment later, they stopped at the dinner table where there was a card that said “Best Restaurant in Space”．After getting out of the spaceship, they were walking towards the table, ⑤___________________________________
(就像电视上呈现的那些宇航员一样)．
pushed
the cardboard spaceship slowly
shining around the walls
just like those astronauts shown on TV
2．太空探索的影响(表达逻辑：鼓励→激励)
China's Shenzhou 16 astronauts in the Tiangong space station encouraged the primary and secondary school students across the country on Friday, the first day of the new semester, to ①___________
(追逐他们的梦想)．Via a video link, Zhu Yangzhu, the country's first flight engineer in space, ②_________________________
(呼吁学生保持自我激励), ③ (补充说)
chase their
dreams
called on students to stay
self-motivated
adding that
his dream of flying in the sky had never faded.Gui Haichao, a professor at Beihang University and the country's first civilian astronaut into space, encouraged pupils to ④ (保持好奇心)．“Twenty years ago, when I was a sophomore in secondary school, the news I heard from the school radio that Shenzhou 5 spacecraft was successfully launched ignited my passion for space，” he said.“My curiosity for space has guided me in decision-making and perseverance.” Jing Haipeng, the commander of the Shenzhou
stay curious
16 mission, is the first Chinese astronaut to ⑤_____________________
(四次进入太空)．He inspired students to ⑥______________________
(坚持他们的梦想), noting that he had made preparations for ten years before his first space flight.
enter space four times
stick with their dreams
5
课下双测—过高考关
课时作业(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Should humans explore space If you ask me, I'll definitely give a positive answer.
The exploration of space has a direct impact on the lives of humans, as well as the state of our world.Satellites moving around the earth enable communication across the world, connecting people of
different continents and broadcasting information worldwide.The navigation system can identify our location anywhere.Furthermore, weather satellites can predict harmful weather conditions which allows humans to prepare for deadly natural disasters and save lives.
Space programs can also indirectly contribute to the solution to poverty and world hunger.For example, large pieces of land could be used far better if humans applied technologies.The most effective tool is the artificial earth satellite.It can screen areas of land within a very short time, indicating useful measures such as the condition of crops, soil rainfall, and droughts.It can then send this information to ground stations on the earth for better use.
Furthermore, access to better education means better life prospects and opportunities for human beings.Rural (乡村的) communities have disadvantaged access to education and satellite communication technologies are trying to bridge this gap.With the development of technology, students can now access any information and connect with peers and teachers in different parts of the world through video conferences and the creation of virtual classrooms.
Space exploration is something we can do for future generations.Mankind is using the resources provided on the planet, but these will run out one day.Overpopulation can be a threat for all mankind.With the development of space technology, it will be wise to use and explore the vast potential of other planets, such as the availability of mining resources on asteroids (小行星) or other planets.
For the exploration of the universe, perhaps the most advantageous of all is that it will unite us to work together for a common purpose, regardless of our differences.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章具体介绍了进行探索太空的好处和必要性。
√
1．What can space exploration do according to paragraph 2
A．Improve the traffic on the earth.
B．Promote travel between countries.
C．Help prevent deadly natural disasters.
D．Help humans communicate and exchange information.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Satellites moving around the earth enable ...different continents and broadcasting information worldwide.”可知，太空探索可以帮助人类沟通和交换信息。故选D。
√
2．How can space programs help with poverty and world hunger
A．By benefiting crop production with artificial earth satellites.
B．By transporting food worldwide more easily.
C．By creating job opportunities for the poor.
D．By protecting available land resources.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“The most effective tool is the artificial ...soil rainfall, and droughts.It can then send this information to ground stations on the earth for better use.”可知，太空项目可以通过利用人造地球卫星促进作物生产来帮助消除贫困和世界饥饿。故选A。
√
3．What does the author think of mining resources on other planets
A．Time-wasting. B．Arguable.
C．Necessary. D.Educational.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，地球上的资源是有限的，利用太空技术去使用和探索其他行星的巨大潜力是明智之举。由此可知，作者认为在其他星球上开采资源是必要的。故选C。
4．What would be the best title for the text
A．Why Space Exploration Is Important
B．Why Humankind Should Keep Exploring
C．Why We Should Improve Space Technology
D．Why Humans Should Keep Developing Technologies
√
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，并结合第一段“Should humans explore space If you ask me, I'll definitely give a positive answer.”可知，文章认为人类应该进行太空探索，并具体介绍了探索太空的好处和必要性。因此，A项“为什么太空探索很重要？”符合文章主旨，最适合作为标题。
B
(2025·扬州一模)You look up at the sky on a clear and dark night, you'll see more stars than your eyes can count.Most of these stars have planets, similar to our own, orbiting them.With so many celestial bodies floating out in space, you can't help but question whether other forms of life exist in the universe.And if that's the case, is it possible to contact them
Science is still somewhat divided on this issue.Currently, no evidence exists to suggest that intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe.Yet with an estimated one trillion planets in our galaxy alone, it seems highly likely that Earthlings aren't the only intelligent creatures out there.Some claim that life can only develop under perfect circumstances, and Earth is perhaps the only example of this.Other scientists object to this claim, and point out that even on Earth, life can find a way under the most extreme circumstances.
Some people believe that aliens have already visited our planet, but this information is being kept secret by governments.The most famous incident of this kind occurred in Roswell, New Mexico in 1947.On that date, many residents reported seeing an unusual flying disc streak through the sky, before it crashed in a field.When the military heard about the crash, they quickly sealed off the area.A few hours later, the army base announced that it had recovered a flying
disk.Shortly after, this statement was retracted and it was said that it was a weather balloon that crashed.However, years later one local mortician even claimed that the military had him secretly perform an autopsy on a dead alien body.
Others believe that there certainly are other life forms out there, but the distance between us is too great.Even if we could somehow create a spaceship that travels at the speed of light, it would still probably take several lifetimes to reach them.Then again, we might never have to do this if aliens reach us first.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了太空中是否还存在其他形式的生命，以及不同的人对此的不同看法。
√
5．Why do some scientists think there is life on other planets
A．An unusual flying disc was ever witnessed.
B．Life exists despite extreme conditions as those on the Earth do.
C．The government's statement seemed suspicious.
D．There are a great number of planets in the universe.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Yet with an estimated one trillion planets ... the only intelligent creatures out there.”可知，有些科学家认为其他星球上有生命是因为宇宙中有大量的行星。
√
6．What does the underlined word “retracted” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Examined again to guarantee the correctness.
B．Emphasized again to persuade people.
C．Formally taken back what has been said.
D．Seriously criticized due to poor evidence.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“A few hours later ... a flying disk.”以及后文“it was said that it was a weather balloon that crashed”可知，该军事基地宣布他们找到了一个飞碟。不久之后，这一声明被撤回，据说是一个气象气球坠毁。故画线词意为“正式收回说过的话”。
√
7．Which of the following might be the best title for the text
A．Are We Alone in the Universe
B．Is It Possible to Contact Aliens
C．Intelligent Life in the Universe
D．Planets Floating out in Space
解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段中“With so many celestial bodies ... is it possible to contact them？”并结合文章主要论述了太空中是否还存在其他形式的生命，以及不同的人对此的不同看法可知，A选项最适合作文章标题。
8．How does the author sound in the text
A．Objective. B.Humorous.
C．Cautious. D.Anxious.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“Science is still somewhat divided on this issue.”；第三段中“Some people believe ... by governments.”以及最后一段中“Others believe ... between us is too great.”可推知，文中没有提到作者的观点，即作者是客观的语气。
√
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2025·邢台模拟)
Benefits of Space Exploration
On April 12, 1961, the astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to journey to outer space. The age of space exploration started that day. 9 ？ Well, the answer is simple. The benefits of space, including medical, technological and economic benefits, are more than the dangers of it.
·Medical benefits
10 . Analyzing the effects of zero-gravity on blood circulation (循环) led to many discoveries on how to prevent some types of heart failure. And the experiments and measurements of bone strength and bone loss in astronauts have helped doctors better understand bone diseases.
· 11
The space race has led to technological advancements in the shortest period of time, such as vacuum-sealed (真空密封的) food, fireproof materials and modern vacuum cleaners. 12 . Yet, we even don't know that some NASA engineers originally developed them for the Apollo program that took humankind to the moon. As you can see, it is important for us to keep pushing the limits of space exploration. Who knows what kind of new technologies could be developed that will make our lives easier in the future.
·Creation of STEM jobs
Space exploration is one of the industries that require the largest percentage of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) jobs. A lot of those jobs are positions for engineers, data analysts, doctors, biologists and so on. Although these positions require highly qualified people to fill them, they are some of the highest-paid jobs in the market. 13 .
A．Space tourism industry
B．Development of new technologies
C．Is exploring space a waste of time and money
D．Today, we still use them in our daily lives
E．So, the growing space industry creates high-paid jobs
F．The medical benefits of space exploration reach every area of the human body
G．Why should we spend so much time and money to explore dangerous environments
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空探索的好处。
9．选G 根据下文“Well, the answer is simple.”可知，空处是一个问题。结合下文介绍太空探索带来的好处远远大于它的危险可知，空处应该是在问为什么需要探索太空。G项“为什么我们要花这么多的时间和金钱去探索危险的环境”符合文意，选项中的关键词dangerous照应空后的dangers。
10．选F 根据小标题Medical benefits可知，本段主要介绍太空探索的医疗好处。F项“太空探索的医学益处覆盖到人体的每个部分”符合文意，选项中的The medical benefits呼应小标题。
11．选B 根据小标题下的内容可知，本段主要讲述了太空探索带来了科技的进步，故B项“新技术的发展”适合作本段的小标题。
12．选D 根据空前“The space race ...cleaners.”可知，太空竞赛带来了科技进步，如真空密封食品、防火材料和现代真空吸尘器。D项“今天，我们仍然在日常生活中使用它们”承接上文，符合文意，其中them代指上文提到的“vacuum-sealed(真空密封的)food, fireproof materials and modern vacuum cleaners”。
13．选E 根据上文“Space exploration ... the market.”可知，太空探索创造了高薪工作。E项“因此，不断发展的太空产业创造了高薪工作”符合文意，是对前文的总结，空前关键词“the highest-paid jobs”呼应选项中的high-paid jobs。
课时作业(二)
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2025·江苏南通模拟预测)For a little girl growing up in Colombia in the 1980s, a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet. 1 ， Diana Trujillo has made it — she is a(n) 2 now, leading a 45-person team that's responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover. Born in 1983, even as a young girl, Diana was
certain of her passion for science. When she was 17, her dad offered to send her to Miami, Florida to study Aerospace Engineering. Without any 3 ， she followed her dad's 4 . Arriving in the U．S. with just $300, Trujillo had to 5 through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs. The 6 was definitely not easy, but Trujillo never complained.
Then came another 7 moment for Trujillo. One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with. 8 she was “just one person away from knowing an astronaut” was all it took to 9 Trujillo's career goals. So she 10 her studies in space science and 11 became the first Hispanic (拉丁裔的) woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007. Since then, Trujillo has worn many hats at America's space agency.
But Diana hasn't 12 there. She also leads by example, 13 women to pursue careers in STEM fields. Her own story is a 14 that just beyond that barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to 15 the stars.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了哥伦比亚长大的Diana Trujillo克服重重困难，成为美国宇航局的一名工程师，领导着团队负责火星探测器的机械臂的故事。
√
1．A.Therefore B．Instead
C．However D.Moreover
解析：根据上文“For a little girl growing up in Colombia in the 1980s, a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet.”和下文“Diana Trujillo has made it”可知，对于Diana Trujillo这样身份的女性来说，在美国宇航局从事科学事业是遥不可及的事情，但她却做到了，上下文构成转折关系，应用However“然而”衔接。故选C。
√
2．A.astronaut B.engineer
C．pilot D.doctor
解析：根据下文“leading a 45-person team that's responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover”“to study Aerospace Engineering”可知，Diana Trujillo领导着团队负责最新火星探测器的机械臂，而且学的是航空航天工程，因此她应该是一名工程师。故选B。
√
3．A.hesitation B.complaint
C．expectation D.promise
解析：根据上文“Born in 1983, even as a young girl, Diana was certain of her passion for science.”可知，还是个小女孩的时候，Diana就对科学充满了热情，因此她会毫不犹豫地接受父亲提出的建议，固定短语without hesitation意为“毫不犹豫地”。故选A。
√
4．A.command B.footstep
C．request D.suggestion
解析：根据上文“her dad offered to send her to Miami, Florida to study Aerospace Engineering”可知，此处指父亲提出的送她去学习航空航天工程的建议。故选D。
√
5．A.go B.pass
C．struggle D.push
解析：根据上文“with just $300”和下文“by doing a series of housekeeping jobs”可知，Trujillo当时经济比较困难，得做很多家政工作来赚钱，由此可知，她是艰难地完成了学业，固定短语struggle through意为“艰难地度过”。故选C。
√
6．A.mission B.career
C．adventure D.process
解析：根据上文“Arriving in the U．S. with just $300, Trujillo had to through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs.”可知，此处指Trujillo通过打工赚钱来完成学业的过程。故选D。
√
7．A.risk-taking B.life-changing
C．time-consuming D.energy-saving
解析：根据下文“ she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’ was all it took to Trujillo's career goals.”可知，Trujillo由此更坚定地追求自己的职业目标，因此是经历了另一个改变人生的时刻。故选B。
√
8．A.Realizing B.Remembering
C．Imagining D.Assuming
解析：根据上文“One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with.”和下文“she was‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’”可推知，教授不经意提到的事情让她意识到了自己离认识宇航员其实很近。故选A。
√
9．A.record B.share
C．inspire D.finish
解析：根据上文“she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’”可知，自己离认识宇航员其实很近这样的想法会激励Trujillo的职业目标，让她继续努力学习。故选C。
√
10．A.started B.abandoned
C．suspended D.continued
解析：根据上文“to study Aerospace Engineering”和下文“became the first Hispanic (拉丁裔的) woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007”可知，Trujillo一开始学的就是与空间科学相关的专业，后来她真的被美国宇航局学院录取了，因此她是继续学习这个专业。故选D。
√
11．A.immediately B.eventually
C．gradually D.suddenly
解析：根据上文叙述的Trujillo克服经济困难，努力完成学业，以及在教授不经意提到的事情的启发下，继续学习可推知，此处指这个过程的结局是她最终成为第一位被美国宇航局学院录取的拉丁裔女性。故选B。
√
12．A.left B.succeeded
C．stopped D.reached
解析：根据下文“She also leads by example”可知，Diana还做了其他的事情，因此是并没有就此停止。故选C。
√
13．A.encouraging B.promising
C．allowing D.persuading
解析：根据上文“She also leads by example”可知，Diana在以身作则，因此是通过自己的故事来鼓励女性在STEM领域从事工作。
√
14．A.symbol B.notice
C．warning D.reminder
解析：根据上文叙述的在哥伦比亚长大的Diana Trujillo克服重重困难，成为美国宇航局的一名工程师可推知，她的故事给予我们的是正面的提醒，告诉我们努力可以助力实现梦想。故选D。
√
15．A.stare at B.reach for
C．long for D.come after
解析：根据上文“lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to”可推知，此处是用Trujillo追寻太空梦的故事激励追寻梦想的人，想要伸手去够星星的人，只要努力工作，就有大量的机会实现梦想。故选B。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·郑州模拟)On October 26, China launched the Shenzhou 17 manned spaceship, and the three astronauts aboard would be sent to stay in orbit for about six months on a space station mission. The Shenzhou 17 crew has 1 youngest lineup since the 2 (construct) of China's Tiangong space station started.
They would perform 3 (variety) of in-orbit space science and application payload tests and experiments, Lin Xiqiang, deputy director of the CMSA, announced 4 (formal) at a press conference. They would carry 5 extravehicular (舱外的) activities, set up extravehicular payloads and conduct space station maintenance and other tasks.
The Shenzhou 17 astronauts would do extravehicular experimental maintenance for the first time， 6 is a very challenging task, Lin added.
With space debris (碎片) increasing, its impact on long-term operating spacecraft is unavoidable, Lin said. “Through initial inspections, we 7 (find) that the solar wings of the space station had been hit by tiny space particles (粒子) several times, 8 (cause) minor damages.”
“We already took this into consideration in the design stage, though. At present, all functionality and performance indicators of the space station meet requirements，” he added. The astronauts also had the intention 9 (assess) the functioning and performance of the space station and would test the coordination and compatibility of ground support centers in performing space station operation and management tasks, 10 (aim) at further improving the operating efficiency and fault correction capability of the space station.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。10月26日，中国发射了神舟十七号载人飞船，文章介绍了它的太空任务。
1．the 考查冠词。修饰形容词最高级youngest，需用定冠词the。
2．construction 考查名词。空前有定冠词the修饰，空后有介词of，所以空处需填名词construction，其为不可数名词。
3．varieties 考查固定搭配。varieties of为固定搭配，意为“各种各样的”，故填varieties。
4．formally 考查副词。修饰动词announced需用副词formally，作状语。
5．out 考查固定搭配。carry out为固定搭配，意为“执行，实施”。
6．which 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。
7．have found 考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处强调过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响，需用现在完成时；主语为we，助动词用have，故填have found。
8．causing 考查非谓语动词。空后内容是前句造成的自然而然、意料之中的结果，cause用现在分词形式作结果状语，故填causing。
9．to assess 考查非谓语动词。have the intention to do为固定搭配，意为“有做……的打算”，故填to assess。
10．aimed 考查非谓语动词。be aimed at为固定短语，意为“以……为目的”，空处用过去分词aimed作状语。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你市的科技馆将在本周末举办“中国太空探索”图片展，你知道你校的外教Carl是一位太空迷。请你给他写一封邮件，邀请他前往观看。内容包括：
1．写信目的；
2．时间与地点；
3．图片展的内容及目的或意义。
精品课件·名师析题
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear Carl，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Carl，
Knowing that you are keen on the space, I can't wait to inform you that there will be a photo exhibition whose theme is about China's space exploration. I'd like to invite you to visit it.
The photo exhibition will take place in the Science and Technology Museum at 9 am this weekend.According to the introduction by the museum, to enable the general public to know more about China's space exploration, the exhibition will show what progress China has made and how China has struggled to explore the space during the decades despite lots of difficulty.
Surely, it is a good opportunity to know more about the space, and I believe that you will be interested in it.Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua必修3 UNIT 4 单元双测·课时作业(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Should humans explore space If you ask me, I’ll definitely give a positive answer.
The exploration of space has a direct impact on the lives of humans, as well as the state of our world.Satellites moving around the earth enable communication across the world, connecting people of different continents and broadcasting information worldwide.The navigation system can identify our location anywhere.Furthermore, weather satellites can predict harmful weather conditions which allows humans to prepare for deadly natural disasters and save lives.
Space programs can also indirectly contribute to the solution to poverty and world hunger.For example, large pieces of land could be used far better if humans applied technologies.The most effective tool is the artificial earth satellite.It can screen areas of land within a very short time, indicating useful measures such as the condition of crops, soil rainfall, and droughts.It can then send this information to ground stations on the earth for better use.
Furthermore, access to better education means better life prospects and opportunities for human beings.Rural (乡村的) communities have disadvantaged access to education and satellite communication technologies are trying to bridge this gap.With the development of technology, students can now access any information and connect with peers and teachers in different parts of the world through video conferences and the creation of virtual classrooms.
Space exploration is something we can do for future generations.Mankind is using the resources provided on the planet, but these will run out one day.Overpopulation can be a threat for all mankind.With the development of space technology, it will be wise to use and explore the vast potential of other planets, such as the availability of mining resources on asteroids (小行星) or other planets.
For the exploration of the universe, perhaps the most advantageous of all is that it will unite us to work together for a common purpose, regardless of our differences.
1.What can space exploration do according to paragraph 2
A.Improve the traffic on the earth.
B.Promote travel between countries.
C.Help prevent deadly natural disasters.
D.Help humans communicate and exchange information.
2.How can space programs help with poverty and world hunger
A.By benefiting crop production with artificial earth satellites.
B.By transporting food worldwide more easily.
C.By creating job opportunities for the poor.
D.By protecting available land resources.
3.What does the author think of mining resources on other planets
A.Time wasting. B.Arguable.
C.Necessary. D.Educational.
4.What would be the best title for the text
A.Why Space Exploration Is Important
B.Why Humankind Should Keep Exploring
C.Why We Should Improve Space Technology
D.Why Humans Should Keep Developing Technologies
B
(2025·扬州一模)You look up at the sky on a clear and dark night, you’ll see more stars than your eyes can count.Most of these stars have planets, similar to our own, orbiting them.With so many celestial bodies floating out in space, you can’t help but question whether other forms of life exist in the universe.And if that’s the case, is it possible to contact them
Science is still somewhat divided on this issue.Currently, no evidence exists to suggest that intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe.Yet with an estimated one trillion planets in our galaxy alone, it seems highly likely that Earthlings aren’t the only intelligent creatures out there.Some claim that life can only develop under perfect circumstances, and Earth is perhaps the only example of this.Other scientists object to this claim, and point out that even on Earth, life can find a way under the most extreme circumstances.
Some people believe that aliens have already visited our planet, but this information is being kept secret by governments.The most famous incident of this kind occurred in Roswell, New Mexico in 1947.On that date, many residents reported seeing an unusual flying disc streak through the sky, before it crashed in a field.When the military heard about the crash, they quickly sealed off the area.A few hours later, the army base announced that it had recovered a flying disk.Shortly after, this statement was retracted and it was said that it was a weather balloon that crashed.However, years later one local mortician even claimed that the military had him secretly perform an autopsy on a dead alien body.
Others believe that there certainly are other life forms out there, but the distance between us is too great.Even if we could somehow create a spaceship that travels at the speed of light, it would still probably take several lifetimes to reach them.Then again, we might never have to do this if aliens reach us first.
5.Why do some scientists think there is life on other planets
A.An unusual flying disc was ever witnessed.
B.Life exists despite extreme conditions as those on the Earth do.
C.The government’s statement seemed suspicious.
D.There are a great number of planets in the universe.
6.What does the underlined word “retracted” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Examined again to guarantee the correctness.
B.Emphasized again to persuade people.
C.Formally taken back what has been said.
D.Seriously criticized due to poor evidence.
7.Which of the following might be the best title for the text
A.Are We Alone in the Universe
B.Is It Possible to Contact Aliens
C.Intelligent Life in the Universe
D.Planets Floating out in Space
8.How does the author sound in the text
A.Objective. B.Humorous.
C.Cautious. D.Anxious.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2025·邢台模拟)
Benefits of Space Exploration
On April 12, 1961, the astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to journey to outer space. The age of space exploration started that day. 9 Well, the answer is simple. The benefits of space, including medical, technological and economic benefits, are more than the dangers of it.
·Medical benefits
10 . Analyzing the effects of zero gravity on blood circulation (循环) led to many discoveries on how to prevent some types of heart failure. And the experiments and measurements of bone strength and bone loss in astronauts have helped doctors better understand bone diseases.
· 11
The space race has led to technological advancements in the shortest period of time, such as vacuum sealed (真空密封的) food, fireproof materials and modern vacuum cleaners. 12 . Yet, we even don’t know that some NASA engineers originally developed them for the Apollo program that took humankind to the moon. As you can see, it is important for us to keep pushing the limits of space exploration. Who knows what kind of new technologies could be developed that will make our lives easier in the future.
·Creation of STEM jobs
Space exploration is one of the industries that require the largest percentage of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) jobs. A lot of those jobs are positions for engineers, data analysts, doctors, biologists and so on. Although these positions require highly qualified people to fill them, they are some of the highest paid jobs in the market. 13 .
A.Space tourism industry
B.Development of new technologies
C.Is exploring space a waste of time and money
D.Today, we still use them in our daily lives
E.So, the growing space industry creates high paid jobs
F.The medical benefits of space exploration reach every area of the human body
G.Why should we spend so much time and money to explore dangerous environments
必修3 UNIT 4 单元双测·课时作业(二)
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2025·江苏南通模拟预测)For a little girl growing up in Colombia in the 1980s, a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet. 1 , Diana Trujillo has made it — she is a(n) 2 now, leading a 45 person team that’s responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover. Born in 1983, even as a young girl, Diana was certain of her passion for science. When she was 17, her dad offered to send her to Miami, Florida to study Aerospace Engineering. Without any 3 , she followed her dad’s 4 . Arriving in the U.S. with just 300, Trujillo had to 5 through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs. The 6 was definitely not easy, but Trujillo never complained.
Then came another 7 moment for Trujillo. One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with. 8 she was “just one person away from knowing an astronaut” was all it took to 9 Trujillo’s career goals. So she 10 her studies in space science and 11 became the first Hispanic (拉丁裔的) woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007. Since then, Trujillo has worn many hats at America’s space agency.
But Diana hasn’t 12 there. She also leads by example, 13 women to pursue careers in STEM fields. Her own story is a 14 that just beyond that barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to 15 the stars.
1.A.Therefore B.Instead
C.However D.Moreover
2.A.astronaut B.engineer
C.pilot D.doctor
3.A.hesitation B.complaint
C.expectation D.promise
4.A.command B.footstep
C.request D.suggestion
5.A.go B.pass
C.struggle D.push
6.A.mission B.career
C.adventure D.process
7.A.risk taking B.life changing
C.time consuming D.energy saving
8.A.Realizing B.Remembering
C.Imagining D.Assuming
9.A.record B.share
C.inspire D.finish
10.A.started B.abandoned
C.suspended D.continued
11.A.immediately B.eventually
C.gradually D.suddenly
12.A.left B.succeeded
C.stopped D.reached
13.A.encouraging B.promising
C.allowing D.persuading
14.A.symbol B.notice
C.warning D.reminder
15.A.stare at B.reach for
C.long for D.come after
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·郑州模拟)On October 26, China launched the Shenzhou 17 manned spaceship, and the three astronauts aboard would be sent to stay in orbit for about six months on a space station mission. The Shenzhou 17 crew has 1 youngest lineup since the 2 (construct) of China’s Tiangong space station started.
They would perform 3 (variety) of in orbit space science and application payload tests and experiments, Lin Xiqiang, deputy director of the CMSA, announced 4 (formal) at a press conference. They would carry 5 extravehicular (舱外的) activities, set up extravehicular payloads and conduct space station maintenance and other tasks.
The Shenzhou 17 astronauts would do extravehicular experimental maintenance for the first time, 6 is a very challenging task, Lin added.
With space debris (碎片) increasing, its impact on long term operating spacecraft is unavoidable, Lin said. “Through initial inspections, we 7 (find) that the solar wings of the space station had been hit by tiny space particles (粒子) several times, 8 (cause) minor damages.”
“We already took this into consideration in the design stage, though. At present, all functionality and performance indicators of the space station meet requirements,” he added. The astronauts also had the intention 9 (assess) the functioning and performance of the space station and would test the coordination and compatibility of ground support centers in performing space station operation and management tasks, 10 (aim) at further improving the operating efficiency and fault correction capability of the space station.
Ⅲ.应用文写作 精品课件·名师析题
假定你是李华,你市的科技馆将在本周末举办“中国太空探索”图片展,你知道你校的外教Carl是一位太空迷。请你给他写一封邮件,邀请他前往观看。内容包括:
1.写信目的; 2.时间与地点;
3.图片展的内容及目的或意义。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Carl,
Yours,
Li Hua
必修 3 UNIT 4
课时作业(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
[A]
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章具体介绍了进行探索太空的好处和必要性。
1.选D 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Satellites moving around the earth enable ...different continents and broadcasting information worldwide.”可知,太空探索可以帮助人类沟通和交换信息。故选D。
2.选A 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The most effective tool is the artificial ...soil rainfall, and droughts.It can then send this information to ground stations on the earth for better use.”可知,太空项目可以通过利用人造地球卫星促进作物生产来帮助消除贫困和世界饥饿。故选A。
3.选C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,地球上的资源是有限的,利用太空技术去使用和探索其他行星的巨大潜力是明智之举。由此可知,作者认为在其他星球上开采资源是必要的。故选C。
4.选A 标题归纳题。通读全文,并结合第一段“Should humans explore space If you ask me, I’ll definitely give a positive answer.”可知,文章认为人类应该进行太空探索,并具体介绍了探索太空的好处和必要性。因此,A项“为什么太空探索很重要 ”符合文章主旨,最适合作为标题。
[B]
语篇解读:本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了太空中是否还存在其他形式的生命,以及不同的人对此的不同看法。
5.选D 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Yet with an estimated one trillion planets ... the only intelligent creatures out there.”可知,有些科学家认为其他星球上有生命是因为宇宙中有大量的行星。
6.选C 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“A few hours later ... a flying disk.”以及后文“it was said that it was a weather balloon that crashed”可知,该军事基地宣布他们找到了一个飞碟。不久之后,这一声明被撤回,据说是一个气象气球坠毁。故画线词意为“正式收回说过的话”。
7.选A 标题归纳题。根据第一段中“With so many celestial bodies ... is it possible to contact them ”并结合文章主要论述了太空中是否还存在其他形式的生命,以及不同的人对此的不同看法可知,A选项最适合作文章标题。
8.选A 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Science is still somewhat divided on this issue.”;第三段中“Some people believe ... by governments.”以及最后一段中“Others believe ... between us is too great.”可推知,文中没有提到作者的观点,即作者是客观的语气。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空探索的好处。
9.选G 根据下文“Well, the answer is simple.”可知,空处是一个问题。结合下文介绍太空探索带来的好处远远大于它的危险可知,空处应该是在问为什么需要探索太空。G项“为什么我们要花这么多的时间和金钱去探索危险的环境”符合文意,选项中的关键词dangerous照应空后的dangers。
10.选F 根据小标题Medical benefits可知,本段主要介绍太空探索的医疗好处。F项“太空探索的医学益处覆盖到人体的每个部分”符合文意,选项中的The medical benefits呼应小标题。
11.选B 根据小标题下的内容可知,本段主要讲述了太空探索带来了科技的进步,故B项“新技术的发展”适合作本段的小标题。
12.选D 根据空前“The space race ...cleaners.”可知,太空竞赛带来了科技进步,如真空密封食品、防火材料和现代真空吸尘器。D项“今天,我们仍然在日常生活中使用它们”承接上文,符合文意,其中them代指上文提到的“vacuum sealed(真空密封的)food, fireproof materials and modern vacuum cleaners”。
13.选E 根据上文“Space exploration ... the market.”可知,太空探索创造了高薪工作。E项“因此,不断发展的太空产业创造了高薪工作”符合文意,是对前文的总结,空前关键词“the highest paid jobs”呼应选项中的high paid jobs。
课时作业(二)
Ⅰ.完形填空
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了哥伦比亚长大的Diana Trujillo克服重重困难,成为美国宇航局的一名工程师,领导着团队负责火星探测器的机械臂的故事。
1.选C 根据上文“For a little girl growing up in Colombia in the 1980s, a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet.”和下文“Diana Trujillo has made it”可知,对于Diana Trujillo这样身份的女性来说,在美国宇航局从事科学事业是遥不可及的事情,但她却做到了,上下文构成转折关系,应用However“然而”衔接。故选C。
2.选B 根据下文“leading a 45 person team that’s responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover”“to study Aerospace Engineering”可知,Diana Trujillo领导着团队负责最新火星探测器的机械臂,而且学的是航空航天工程,因此她应该是一名工程师。故选B。
3.选A 根据上文“Born in 1983, even as a young girl, Diana was certain of her passion for science.”可知,还是个小女孩的时候,Diana就对科学充满了热情,因此她会毫不犹豫地接受父亲提出的建议,固定短语without hesitation意为“毫不犹豫地”。故选A。
4.选D 根据上文“her dad offered to send her to Miami, Florida to study Aerospace Engineering”可知,此处指父亲提出的送她去学习航空航天工程的建议。故选D。
5.选C 根据上文“with just 300”和下文“by doing a series of housekeeping jobs”可知,Trujillo当时经济比较困难,得做很多家政工作来赚钱,由此可知,她是艰难地完成了学业,固定短语struggle through意为“艰难地度过”。故选C。
6.选D 根据上文“Arriving in the U.S. with just 300, Trujillo had to through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs.”可知,此处指Trujillo通过打工赚钱来完成学业的过程。故选D。
7.选B 根据下文“ she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’ was all it took to Trujillo’s career goals.”可知,Trujillo由此更坚定地追求自己的职业目标,因此是经历了另一个改变人生的时刻。故选B。
8.选A 根据上文“One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with.”和下文“she was‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’”可推知,教授不经意提到的事情让她意识到了自己离认识宇航员其实很近。故选A。
9.选C 根据上文“she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’”可知,自己离认识宇航员其实很近这样的想法会激励Trujillo的职业目标,让她继续努力学习。故选C。
10.选D 根据上文“to study Aerospace Engineering”和下文“became the first Hispanic (拉丁裔的) woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007”可知,Trujillo一开始学的就是与空间科学相关的专业,后来她真的被美国宇航局学院录取了,因此她是继续学习这个专业。故选D。
11.选B 根据上文叙述的Trujillo克服经济困难,努力完成学业,以及在教授不经意提到的事情的启发下,继续学习可推知,此处指这个过程的结局是她最终成为第一位被美国宇航局学院录取的拉丁裔女性。故选B。
12.选C 根据下文“She also leads by example”可知,Diana还做了其他的事情,因此是并没有就此停止。故选C。
13.选A 根据上文“She also leads by example”可知,Diana在以身作则,因此是通过自己的故事来鼓励女性在STEM领域从事工作。
14.选D 根据上文叙述的在哥伦比亚长大的Diana Trujillo克服重重困难,成为美国宇航局的一名工程师可推知,她的故事给予我们的是正面的提醒,告诉我们努力可以助力实现梦想。故选D。
15.选B 根据上文“lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to”可推知,此处是用Trujillo追寻太空梦的故事激励追寻梦想的人,想要伸手去够星星的人,只要努力工作,就有大量的机会实现梦想。故选B。
Ⅱ.语法填空
语篇解读:本文是一篇新闻报道。10月26日,中国发射了神舟十七号载人飞船,文章介绍了它的太空任务。
1.the 考查冠词。修饰形容词最高级youngest,需用定冠词the。
2.construction 考查名词。空前有定冠词the修饰,空后有介词of,所以空处需填名词construction,其为不可数名词。
3.varieties 考查固定搭配。varieties of为固定搭配,意为“各种各样的”,故填varieties。
4.formally 考查副词。修饰动词announced需用副词formally,作状语。
5.out 考查固定搭配。carry out为固定搭配,意为“执行,实施”。
6.which 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面的句子,关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语,需用关系代词which引导。
7.have found 考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处强调过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响,需用现在完成时;主语为we,助动词用have,故填have found。
8.causing 考查非谓语动词。空后内容是前句造成的自然而然、意料之中的结果,cause用现在分词形式作结果状语,故填causing。
9.to assess 考查非谓语动词。have the intention to do为固定搭配,意为“有做……的打算”,故填to assess。
10.aimed 考查非谓语动词。be aimed at为固定短语,意为“以……为目的”,空处用过去分词aimed作状语。
Ⅲ.应用文写作(参考范文)
Dear Carl,
Knowing that you are keen on the space, I can’t wait to inform you that there will be a photo exhibition whose theme is about China’s space exploration. I’d like to invite you to visit it.
The photo exhibition will take place in the Science and Technology Museum at 9 am this weekend.According to the introduction by the museum, to enable the general public to know more about China’s space exploration, the exhibition will show what progress China has made and how China has struggled to explore the space during the decades despite lots of difficulty.
Surely, it is a good opportunity to know more about the space, and I believe that you will be interested in it.Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
8 / 8
