(共183张PPT)
目录
CONTENTS
迁移应用—过阅读关
03.
发展提升—过表达关
04.
自主学习—过识记关
01.
课堂学案—过词汇关
02.
课下测评—过高考关
05.
1
自主学习—过识记关
|背|单|词|
一、阅读单词(明其义)
1．county n． 郡，县
2．stair n. 楼梯；梯级
3．procedure n. 程序，步骤，手续
4．tsunami n. 海啸
5．odd adj. 奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的
6．destructive adj. 引起破坏(或毁灭)的，破坏(或毁灭)性的
7．conference n. 会议，研讨会；讨论，商谈
8．charity n. 慈善机构(或组织)；慈善，施舍；
仁爱，宽容
9．staff n. 全体职工；管理人员
vt. 在……工作，任职于
10．slide n. 幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩
vi.& vt. 滑行；逐渐陷入
11．fund n. 资金；基金
12．document n. 文件，公文；(计算机中的)文档
13．bar n. 酒吧；小馆子；吧台；条，块；栏杆；障碍
vt. 封；阻挡；阻止
14．dawn n. 黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽
vi. 开始；开始清楚
二、核心单词(书写准)
1．disaster n． 灾难，灾害；彻底失败
2．crash n. 碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃
vi.& vt. 碰撞，撞击；崩溃
3．signal vi.& vt. 发信号，示意；标志
n. 信号，暗号；标志；信号灯
4．exit vt.& vi. 出去，离去，退场；退出
n. 出口，通道；离开
5．roll n. 名单；卷；一管；翻滚
vi.& vt. 翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起
6．hug vt. 拥抱，搂抱；抱紧
7．occur vi. 发生，出现；存在于
8．shock n. 震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动
vt. 使震惊
9．supply n. 补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备
vt. 供应，供给，提供
10．flood n. 洪水，水灾；大量
vi.& vt. 淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满
11．downstairs adv. 在楼下，往楼下
n. 楼下
12．otherwise adv. 否则，不然；除此以外
13．curious adj. 好奇的；奇特的
14．unearth vt. 使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到
15．destination n. 目的地，终点
16．beyond adv. 在(或向)较远处，在另一边
prep. 在(或向)更远处；超出；
晚于；无法；超出……之外
17．rescue n．& vt. 救援，营救，抢救
三、变形单词(晓其变)
1．injure vt. 伤害，使受伤；损害
injured adj. 受伤的；受损害的
injury n. 伤害；损害；受伤处
2．react vi. 反应；作出反应
reaction n. 反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应
3．order n. 顺序；规则
orderly adj. 有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的
4．confirm vt. 证实，确认；使确信；批准
confirmation n. 确认；证实
5．relief n. 宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济
relieve vt. 减轻；缓解
6．inform vt. 了解，熟悉；通知
information n. 信息
7．scare vt.& vi. 惊吓，害怕 n．恐慌；惊吓
scared adj. 恐惧的；害怕的
scary adj. 恐怖的；可怕的
8．power n． 电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；
能力；能量；力量
powerful adj. 强大的；有感染力的
powerless adj. 无力的；没有能力的
9．donate vt. 捐赠，赠送；献(血)
donation n. 捐赠；捐献
donor n. 捐赠者
10．erupt vi.& vt. (火山)爆发；突然发生
eruption n. (火山的)爆发；喷发
11．export n． 出口产品，输出的产品；
出口，输出 vt.出口，输出
import n． 进口产品，输入的产品；输入
vt. 进口，引进
12．ash n. 灰
ashy adj. 覆盖着灰的；灰色的
13．bear v. 忍受
bearable adj. 可忍受的；能应付的
unbearable adj. 难耐的，无法忍受的
14．distant adj. 遥远的；冷淡的；疏远的
distance n. 遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远
15．sharp adj. 灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；
尖锐的；强烈的
sharpen vt. 削尖；磨快；使尖锐；变锋利
sharpener n. 磨削的工具
16．locate vt. 找出……的准确位置；
把……安置在(或建造于)
located adj. 位于；坐落在
location n. 位置
17．retire vi.& vt. 退休，退职
retirement n. 退休
retired adj. 已退休的
四、同“族”词汇(巧积累)
1．程度不一的“伤害”
①injure v． 伤害 ②wound v． 伤害
③hurt v. 受伤 ④damage v. 损害
⑤harm v. 伤害 ⑥impair v. 损害
⑦destroy v. 破坏；损坏
2．不同类型的“发生”
①occur (偶然)发生
②happen (偶然)发生
③take place 发生
④break out (战争等)爆发
⑤come about 发生；产生
|背|短|语|
1．at large 整个，全部
2．hold on to 抓紧，不放开；保存某物
3．at the same time 同时
4．in case 如果；假使；以防，以防万一
5．roll call 点名
6．safe and sound 安然无恙的
7．a series of 一系列
8．occur to 被想到，浮现在脑中
9．keep one's head (在困境中)保持冷静
10．warn sb. of/about sth. 提醒某人注意某事
11．to one's relief 使某人宽慰的是
12．go on 发生；继续
13．in the face of 面对；尽管，不顾
14．run out of 用完，耗尽
15．along with 与……一起
16．in all directions 向四面八方
17．take the form of 呈现……的形状；
采取……的形式
18．break out 突然开始，爆发
19．in the distance 在远处
20．far and wide 到处，各处
|背|佳|句|
一、背教材原句，学高级句式
1．The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.(the moment引导时间状语从句)
晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。
2．The crowd looked upwards, and saw, with unspeakable fear, a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano.(see＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
人们抬头仰望，眼前景象让他们感到莫名恐惧，只见一团庞大的云正从火山口喷薄而出。
二、背主题佳句，学出彩表达
单元主题：自然灾害
1．A great landslide hit a small village yesterday, washing away all the houses.
昨天，一场重大泥石流袭击了一座小村庄，冲垮了所有房屋。
2Lots of houses there lay in ruins after the earthquake.
那里的许多房屋在地震后成为废墟。
3．In the earthquake, all the bridges fell down and fires broke out here and there.
在地震中，所有的桥梁坍塌，到处燃起了大火。
|背|语|段|
以读促写：形体描写之“身”
He was moving faster and faster and finally he started to run. Strange energy filling his body made him feel like he could fly. When he finally stopped, he was breathing heavily, but he didn't feel tired. He smiled happily — it was a wonderful feeling. And nothing could stop it.
他的脚步越来越快，最后开始跑起来。一股说不出的能量灌注全身，让他觉得自己能飞起来。当他最终停下来时，他深深地吸了一口气，但他并不感到累，他开心地笑了笑——这感觉真神奇，什么也阻挡不了它。
高分悟道 本段中使用了“moving, run, filling his body, fly”等与身体有关的动作描写，刻画了汤米在帮助他人之后的轻松愉快的心情。
高分有招 常见的与“身体”相关的高分词块有：
rush off 急着走
get moving 马上行动
on the run 忙碌
body and soul 全心全意
build up one's body 强身健体
lie flat on the floor 平躺在地上
一、默写核心单词
1．in the area 在受灾地区
2．loud of glass breaking 玻璃破碎发出的巨响
3． to Mike 向迈克示意
4． from the page 退出本页面
5．a of mints 一管薄荷糖
disaster
crashes
signal
exit
roll
6． each other 互相拥抱
7． to her 她忽然想到
8．look at me in 震惊地看着我
9．in short 供应不足
10． damage 洪涝灾害
11．slip and out of the house
偷偷下楼溜出房子
hug
occur
shock
supply
flood
downstairs
12． it's all talk. 否则全是空谈。
13．be very about the result 对结果很好奇
14． buried treasures 挖掘埋藏的珍宝
15．arrive at the 到达目的地
16． their expectations 超出他们的预期
17． three young climbers 营救三名年轻的登山者
Otherwise
curious
unearth
destination
beyond
rescue
二、默写变形单词
(依据语境提示在横线上写出单词的正确形式)
injure
injured
injury/injuries
reaction
reacts
orderly
order
confirm
confirmation
relief
relieve
inform
information
scare
scared
scary
donate
donation
erupt
eruption
export
import
unbearable
bear
bearable
distance
distant
sharp
sharpen
locate
located
location
retire
retirement
retired
三、默写重点短语
1． 整个，全部
2． 抓紧，不放开；保存某物
3． 同时
4． 如果；假使；以防，以防万一
5． 点名
6． 安然无恙的
at large
hold on to
at the same time
in case
roll call
safe and sound
7． 一系列
8． 被想到，浮现在脑中
9． (在困境中)保持冷静
10． 提醒某人注意某事
11． 使某人宽慰的是
12． 发生；继续
13． 面对；尽管，不顾
a series of
occur to
keep one's head
warn sb. of/about sth.
to one's relief
go on
in the face of
14． 用完，耗尽
15． 与……一起
16． 向四面八方
17． 呈现……的形状；采取……的形式
18． 突然开始，爆发
19． 在远处
20． 到处，各处
run out of
along with
in all directions
take the form of
break out
in the distance
far and wide
2
课堂学案—过词汇关
一、变形词汇——练清易错微点
1．After being cleaned, oiled and regulated, my watch slowed down to an (bearable) degree.
2．I admired my father, and his work filled me with awe and________
(curious)．
3．To (relief) ourselves of the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness.
unbearable
curiosity
relieve
4．Rules alone don't secure an (order) society.It is the people who obey the rules that matter.
5．The kitchen knife had become dull, so my mum asked me to
(sharp) it.
6．She is very pleased with the result of her blood test, for all tested items show negative (react)．
orderly
sharpen
reactions
易错微点
1．curious的常见搭配有be curious about“对……感到好奇”，be curious to do sth.“渴望做某事”。
2．relieve常用于relieve one's pain/pressure，意为“减轻某人的痛苦/压力”，或relieve sb.of sth.，表示“减轻某人的……(负担等)”。
3．react的常见搭配有react to ...“对……作出反应”，react with“与……发生反应”。
二、重点词汇——练后拓展归纳
1．occur vi.发生，出现；存在于
①Suddenly a good idea occurred her, but she didn't know how to speak it out.
②It never occurred to him (ask) anyone to help him with English.
③(话题写作之亲子关系) I can make a gift by myself for my mother.
我突然想到我可以亲手给妈妈做一件礼物。
to
to ask
It occurred to me that
sth.occur(s) to sb. 某人想起某事
It occurs to sb.that ... 某人(突然)想起……
It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人(突然)想起做某事
名师指津：occur是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。
2．inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知
①I would be very grateful if you could inform me your decisions at your earliest convenience.
②Online learning via the Internet always keeps us (inform) of the development of the latest technology in the world.
③They often get some useful (inform) from the Internet.
④(词汇升级)We already know who's got the job but we haven't been told officially._________
of
informed
information
informed
(1)inform sb.of sth. 告知某人某事
inform sb.that ... 通知某人……
inform sb.＋疑问词＋to do 告知某人……
keep sb.informed (of sth.) 使某人随时了解(某事)
(2)information n． 信息，消息，情报
3．shock n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊
①They were so (shock) that they hadn't even thought to call for an ambulance yet.
②Don't mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may give away the (shock) ending.
③(神情描写) , unsure what to do next.
他吃惊地站在那里，不知道接下来怎么办。
shocked
shocking
He stood there in shock
(1)in shock 震惊地，吃惊地
(2)shocked adj. 震惊的
be shocked at/by 对……感到震惊
(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的
4．supply n．补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt.供应，供给，提供
①(感谢信)Looking back on the process of studying with you, I will never forget the help .
回顾和你一起学习的过程，我永远不会忘记你给我提供的帮助。
you supplied/offered to me
②(活动介绍)此外，夏令营还为会员提供参观博物馆的机会，这是了解我们历史的好途径。(一句多译)
→In addition, the summer camp to visit museums, which is a good way to learn about our history.
→In addition, the summer camp to visit museums, which is a good way to learn about our history.
supplies a chance to members
supplies members with a chance
(1)be in short supply 短缺，供应不足
a supply of (＋可数名词复数或不可数名词) 一批，很多
(2)supply sth.to sb.＝supply sb.with sth. 向某人提供某物
联想发散：表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有：
①provide sb.with sth.＝provide sth.for sb.
②offer sb.sth.＝offer sth.to sb.
5．distance n．遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远
①I encountered many hikers who were headed to a (distance) campground.
②(细节描写) caught our attention and drove us to the riverbank.
远处的水声引起了我们的注意，把我们引到了河边。
distant
The sound of water in the distance
③(话题写作之人物描写)It was difficult to get along well with her because she always .
很难与她融洽相处，因为她总是与每个人保持一定距离。
kept everyone at a distance
(1)in the distance 在远方，在远处
at/from a distance 稍远处；离一段距离
at/from a distance of 在……远的地方
keep one's distance from ...＝keep ...at a distance
与……保持距离/疏远
(2)distant adj. 遥远的；(指人)远亲的；冷淡的
be distant from 远离……
6.rescue n．& vt.救援，营救，抢救
①(话题写作之人物描写)Whenever we were in danger, they would
.
每当我们有危险时，他们都会赶来救援。
②(场景描写)The wind and waves were very strong, which increased the difficulty in .But ___________________
didn't give up any hope of .
风浪很大，这增加了营救这个溺水男孩的困难，但是救援人员没有放弃任何把他从危险中解救出来的希望。
come to our rescue
rescuing the drowning boy
the rescue workers
rescuing him from danger
(1)rescue sb./sth.from ... 从……中拯救某人/某物
(2)come/go to one's rescue 来/去营救某人
rescue team/workers 救援队/人员
三、重点短语——练后查找疏漏
run out of 用完，耗尽
①(话题写作之环境保护)Facing the problem that quite precious natural resources , on no account can we waste them.
面对相当宝贵的自然资源可能枯竭的问题，我们决不能再浪费它们。
may be run out of/used up
②(场景描写)Tom was Jerry when he _______________
Spike.He ran so fast that he couldn't stop and as a result, he ________
Spike.He had to angry Spike.He ran and ran.He didn't shake off Spike until he his strength.
汤姆在追杰瑞时碰到了斯派克。他跑得如此快，以至于停不下来，结果撞到了斯派克身上。他不得不逃离愤怒的斯派克。他跑啊跑，直到力气耗尽，才甩开了斯派克。
running after
ran across/into
ran into
run away from
ran out of
run across 偶然遇见
run out 用完，耗尽
run after 追赶，追逐
run into 撞上；偶然遇见
run away from ... 远离……；避开……
易混辨析：①run out of意为“用完，耗尽”，为及物动词短语，后面要接宾语，用于主动语态时，主语只能是人；其同义短语为use up。
②run out意为“用完；用光”，为不及物动词短语，主语常常是“物”。
四、一词多义——语境中辨词义(对应右栏词义填代码)
1.①The present regime has been in power for two years. ___ ②Power is fed into the electricity line through an underground cable. ____ ③I am sorry it's beyond my power to make a final decision on the project. ___ ④The president has the power to approve the proposals. ___ 1.power
A．n.电，电力
B．n.权力
C．n.政权
D．n.控制力
E．n.能力
F．n.能量
G．n.力量
C
A
E
B
2.①Prices change according to supply and demand. ___ ②The explosive mixture in a rocket consists of both a fuel and a supply of oxygen. ___ ③We are here to supply the public with a free medical service. ___ ④They should also have a stock of essential supplies for a disaster. ____ 2.supply
A．n.补给，补给品
B．n.供应
C．n.供应量，储备
D．vt.供应，供给，提供
B
C
D
A
3.①It was very sharp of you to have noticed that.It was only a very small fault. ___ ②After the storm, there was a sharp drop in temperature. ___ ③It's dangerous for a child to hold a sharp knife. ___ ④He was very sharp with me when I was late. ____ 3.sharp
A．adj.锋利的
B．adj.急剧的，骤然的
C．adj.严厉的
D．adj.灵敏的
D
B
A
C
数智赋能 随堂训练—用单元所学知识补全语段
3
迁移应用—过阅读关
(说明：文中加蓝词汇为本单元主题词汇)
(2024·浙江1月高考·阅读理解C篇)On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary's southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.“Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail，” Mr.Stienwand says, “but they're increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc.of Fargo, North Dakota.“We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought，” Dr.Krauss says.“In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma.“In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas，” Dr.Doswell says.“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt, Mr.Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
[真题评价]
[价值导向] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大的防雹干预计划之争。选文提醒我们既要认识自然灾害，有灾害防范意识，又要辩证思考面对灾害的最佳解决方式，提高应对灾害的能力。
√
1．What does the project aim to do
A．Conserve moisture in the soil.
B．Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C．Forecast disastrous hailstorms.
D．Investigate chemical use in farming.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a result ...dangerous hailstones.”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。
√
2．Who are opposed to the project
A．Farmers in east-central Alberta.
B．Managers of insurance companies.
C．Provincial government officials.
D．Residents of Calgary and Edmonton.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east-central Alberta ...worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.”可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。
3．Why does Dr.Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999
A．To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B．To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C．To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D．To show the link between storms and moisture.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了提示人工降雨可能带来的危险。
√
√
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B．Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C．The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D．Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Due to the lack of scientific proof ...a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.”可推知，人工降雨公司将继续存在。
[语篇精读]
一、理文脉，把握文章大意
本文是一篇说明文，采用了“问题—解决”型的语篇模式。
二、拓词汇，厚积语基语料
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的词性及含义)
①(熟词生义)Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones._______
②(熟词生义)But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.___________
v.播撒
adj.干旱的
③(熟词生义)Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.___________
v.发表演讲
2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思)
①ice crystals _____
②the provincial government ________
③opposite effect ____________
④lack of scientific proof ______________
⑤win a lawsuit against __________________
冰晶
省政府
相反的效果
缺乏科学证据
赢得对……的诉讼
三、析难句，破解阅读障碍
1．Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.
抓标志：从属连词______
判类型：主句＋目的状语＋时间状语从句
试翻译：飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶还没来得及变成危险的冰雹就像雨一样落下。
before
2．But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
抓标志：从属连词_____
判类型：主句＋宾语从句
试翻译：但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“防雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干旱的土地上偷走。
that
4
发展提升—过表达关
由教材典句，学高级表达
句式 the moment引导时间状语从句
|解|读|规|则|
(1)“一……就……”的表达形式：
①immediately/directly/instantly＋从句
②the moment/minute/instant＋从句
③upon/on＋n./doing ...
④no sooner ... than .../hardly ...when ...
⑤as soon as＋从句
(2)在no sooner ... than .../hardly ... when ...句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时；如果no sooner或hardly位于句首，主句需用部分倒装。
|习|练|规|则| (一句多译/句式升级)
①一回到家，我就把花在花瓶里插好。
→I arranged the flowers in the vase .(the moment)
→I arranged the flowers in the vase .(on doing)
②We had hardly left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.
→ the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.(升级为倒装句)
the moment I arrived home
on arriving home
Hardly had we left the dormitory
|应|用|写|美|
③(动作描写)我头一沾枕头就睡着了。(as soon as)
I fell asleep .
④(动作描写)一听到有人喊“救命”，他就冲出了房子。
(upon doing)
of “help”， he dashed out of the house.
as soon as my head hit the pillow
Upon hearing shouts
⑤(心理描写)我太震惊了以至于一听到这个消息我就僵在了原地。(the moment)
So shocked was I that I was frozen to the spot_____________________
.
the moment I heard
the news
建构语义场，丰富语料库
子语境(一) 灾难爆发
1．the endless rain 无尽的雨
2．push against the other 你推我搡
3．be caught/trapped in 陷入(困境)
4．hurry blindly and fearfully on 惊慌失措地盲目奔逃
5．The wind roared and the rain beat on the roof.
风在怒吼，雨敲打着房顶。
6．At that moment, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet; beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs.
那一刻，他们感到脚下的大地正在颤抖；他们听到远处有屋顶坍塌的巨响。
子语境(二) 应对措施
1．practise earthquake safety procedures
地震安全规程演练
2．keep calm to solve the problem 保持镇静以解决问题
3．Sabrina was frightened, but she soon kept her head.
萨布丽娜吓坏了，不过她很快冷静下来。
4．Her students' reaction was quick and correct — they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks.
她的学生们反应迅速正确——他们头朝里，钻到桌子下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。
子语境(三) 灾害的影响
1．do damage to ... 对……造成损害
2．cause economic loss 造成经济损失
3．lose one's life 丧命
4．cut off electricity 断电
5．be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
6．Local farmers were desperate because the strong winds had done great damage to their wheat crops.
当地农民非常绝望，因为强风对他们的小麦造成了巨大损害。
7．The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。
子语境(四) 灾难逃生
1．make their escape 逃生
2．warn sb.of the danger 提醒某人有危险
3．get away from 逃离
4．run to safety 跑到安全地带
5．The beach was rapidly cleared of people, just before the huge waves crashed into the coast.
就在巨浪拍岸的前一刻，海滩上的人迅速疏散一空。
6．She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands.
她示意学生们用双手护着头，排好队，有序离开教室。
主题微写作，勤练笔不辍
(一)应用单元所学补全语段(蓝体字为单元词汇的复现)
Natural disasters happen almost every day.In order to protect ourselves from these disasters, some measures should be taken.
First of all, we need to set a sound pre-warning mechanism,
①__________________________________________________________
(这使我们能够在早期阶段最大限度地确认潜在风险)．Secondly, an excellent Disaster Assistance Reaction Team should be equipped
which enables us at large to confirm the potential risks at an early stage
② (救援灾民) and they will take action quickly ③ (灾难一发生)．Most importantly, everyone should learn some ways to save themselves and ④__________
(记得在面对自然灾害时保持冷静)．
Only by the above-mentioned practical measures can we respond quickly to natural disasters.
to rescue the victims
the moment a disaster occurs
remember
to keep their head in the face of natural disasters
(二)主题语段的细节描写训练
1．灾难场景(表达逻辑：地震场景描写→烘托危险气氛→衬托内心恐惧)
① (大地开始颤动)．All across the city, streets ripped open.Buildings swayed.② (墙壁倒塌) and houses came crashing down.Windows shattered and ③__________
(破碎的玻璃落在他的四周)．He tried to
The earth began to shake
Walls collapsed
broken
glass fell all around him
scream, but his throat was coated with dust.He wanted to run, but he couldn't even stand.④ (震动太剧烈了)．And then there was a sound like an explosion.The ceiling above his head burst open.
The shaking was too hard
2．遭遇灾难(表达逻辑：雪崩发生→积极自救)
① (Paul立刻意识到) what was happening.“Avalanche (雪崩)！” he yelled to Scott, who was not far behind.Instantly, ② (两个人都被一大团雪击中) that would hit and carry them some 500 feet down the mountain.They remembered ③_________________________________
(他们上过的雪崩生存课)．Keep your head up.
It immediately occurred to Paul
both were hit by a mass of snow
the avalanche survival lessons they
had attended
Try to swim.Stay on top of the snow.But the snow was too powerful and ④______________________________________________________
(他们感觉自己就像洗衣机中滚动着的一团衣服)．
they felt themselves rolling like a load of clothes in a washing
machine
3．灾后感悟(表达逻辑：直面灾后惨状→救助受伤的灾民→对这一经历的感慨)
We waited a long time before going downstairs.Hardly had the rushing water dropped when we saw the unrecognizable hotel gate.
① (到处都是淤泥和破碎的家具)．Some people ② (被困在水中的人) were either unconscious or burst into tears with pain.What we
There was dirt and broken furniture everywhere
who were caught in the water
saw weakened our heart and ③________________________________
(我们在死里逃生后决定帮助受害者)．Never had I had such a thrilling yet dangerous vacation before.The special trip to Penang ④ (在我心中留下了深刻的印象)．
we decided to help the victims after
a narrow escape
was deeply impressed in my mind
5
课下测评—过高考关
课时作业(一) 主题阅读集群训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·保定模拟)Since Cynthia Florio was a lifeguard at Tobay Beach in the 1990s, she has watched the ocean approach the shore and draw closer to the dunes (沙丘)．It's what forced Florio, 53, of Massapequa, to take part in the Town of Oyster Bay's annual dune grass planting event on March 30 — an effort to help stabilize the beach dunes against shoreline erosion (侵蚀)．
Along with other volunteers, Florio had spent hours with her daughter, Kyra Florio-Marinello, 15, and her daughter's friend Tatum Brennan, 15, planting the native plants that were intended to absorb water and prepare the sand against heavy wind.But four days later, a storm on Wednesday hit Long Island and washed the new plants away.“The latest dune planting event drew more than 150 volunteers who planted a lot across 2.7 acres of Atlantic Ocean sand dunes，” said Marta Kane, an Oyster Bay spokeswoman.“The dune grass cost the town $32,000.”
The event, centered on volunteerism, drew some families whose elders were looking to share a message with a younger generation about the importance of protecting the environment.While the outcome resulted in a wave of disappointment, for some volunteers that was coupled with a sense of renewed motivation.Maria Rizzi, 70, of Massapequa, participated in the planting session with her grandson, Andrew Lepsis, 10.She said she would go back for another event with even more family members.“I'd be willing to do it again，” she said.“I'd even talk the older grand kids into coming.”
While the storm swept the new plants away, Florio said Tobay Beach's appearance aftermath serves as a powerful reminder of the need for more volunteer work on that stretch of sand.“Maybe it will inspire more people to volunteer and understand the need for us to protect our beaches，” Florio said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。为了防止海滩沙丘被海岸线侵蚀，Oyster Bay的志愿者开展了沙丘植草活动。虽然种植的植物在暴风雨中被摧毁，但志愿者们的意志未被摧毁，他们准备再次尝试。
1．What is the aim of the dune grass planting event
A．To protect the ocean from being polluted.
B．To keep the shoreline in good shape.
C．To reduce extreme weather conditions.
D．To prevent people playing on the beach.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，沙丘植草活动旨在帮助稳定海滩沙丘，防止其被海岸线侵蚀，以此保持海岸线良好的形状。
√
√
2．Which of the following can best describe the dune grass planting event
A．Popular but costly.
B．Traditional but complex.
C．Creative and economical.
D．Successful and rewarding.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“The latest dune ...town $32,000.”对参加该活动的人数和其花费的描述可知，沙丘植草活动受到了大家的欢迎和支持，但有点费钱。
√
3．How did Maria Rizzi feel about grass planting
A．Incapable. B．Disappointed.
C．Hopeless. D．Motivated.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“She said she would go back for another event ...coming.”可知，Maria Rizzi对沙丘植草活动充满希望，积极性很高。
√
4．What can be the best title for the text
A．Great Grass Planting
B．The Best of the Storm
C．Spirit Never Washed Away
D．Volunteers Making History Together
解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容，结合第三段中“While the outcome ...motivation.”和第四段内容可知，为了防止海滩沙丘被海岸线侵蚀，Oyster Bay的志愿者开展了沙丘植草活动。虽然种植的植物在暴风雨中被摧毁，但志愿者们的意志未被摧毁，他们准备再次尝试。故C项“从未被冲走的精神”适合作文章标题。
B
(2025·江西重点中学联考) Inside a large room at the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), tens of thousands of seeds are stored at a constant temperature of －20 ℃.Some of them may hold keys to helping us face the future.
“Our center holds as many as 120,000 varieties of seeds.Many of them come from crops as old as agriculture itself.Other seeds were selected by researchers who've hiked in the past four decades through forests and mountains in the Middle East, Asia and North Africa, searching for wild relatives of wheat, rice, legumes (豆科植物) and other crops that are important to the human diet，” says Mariana Yazbek, who manages the research center.
The research center, formed in the 1970s, once mostly helped farmers in poorer countries in hot and dry climates.But now it also sends seeds to scientists in Europe, Canada and the United States, to improve certain crops' resistance to the effects of climate change.
“What we are collecting is a sample of the diversity that we have in nature，” adds Yazbek.“We save seeds in case extreme droughts, floods or other catastrophic events should wipe out plant species.These wild relatives of crops have witnessed so many different climates.The qualities that help them adapt and survive in these conditions are stored in their DNA.We have this diversity and it can be a tool to help us face the future.”
Yazbek says scientists are particularly interested in crops like the legume because it absorbs a lot of greenhouse gas CO2 from the atmosphere.It also releases N into the soil, meaning the farmers have to use less chemical fertilizer.And the legume takes very little water to grow because it produces sugar alcohols that act as humectants, a substance that attracts and absorbs water and saves the plant from freezing or drying out.
In another case, a wild wheat seed collected in Iran has allowed scientists in the US to develop new wheat varieties resistant to the Hessian fly, a harmful insect that causes tens of millions of dollars in damage to American crops every year.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际干旱地区农业研究中心(ICARDA)成立的时间、主要业务、工作区域等，并介绍了它对世界农业发展所起的重要作用。
√
5.What can be learned about ICARDA
A．It has a complete collection of seeds.
B．It just helps the undeveloped countries.
C．It used to develop seeds for rich countries.
D．It focuses on saving ancient and wild seeds.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中Mariana Yazbek 说的话可知，ICARDA致力于收集古老和野生的种子。
√
6．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “catastrophic” in paragraph 4
A．Important. B．Wasteful.
C．Terrible. D．Unforgettable.
解析：词义猜测题。分析画线词所在句可知，画线词与“极端干旱”和“洪水”并列，由此可推出其词义应与C项接近，表示“灾难性的，极糟的”。
7．What can be inferred about the legume
A．It will grow much better in wet areas.
B．It is friendly to the environment and soil.
C．It will become the main crop for humans.
D．It has difficulty in adapting to cold climate.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Yazbek说的话可知，豆科植物能吸收大量的温室气体二氧化碳，还将氮释放到土壤中，对环境和土壤都很友好。
√
√
8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Seeds Stored at ICARDA May Help Us Improve Our Crops
B．A New Invaluable Seed Bank Is Constructed at ICARDA
C．Scientists Have Made Breakthroughs in Ancient Seed Study
D．New Seeds Are Successfully Developed for North America
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文特别是第一段和第三段可知，储存在ICARDA的种子可以改善农作物的基因，提高作物对气候变化影响的抵抗力，故A项“储存在ICARDA的种子可以帮助改善我们的作物”适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2025·河北高三大联考)We are all victims of climate change.Fighting with climate change can feel stressed, but there are a lot of things you can do to protect yourself and your loved ones.Experts recommend the following steps.
· 9 Talk to your doctor about what types of alerts or weather events you should be looking out for when it comes to heat, stress interactions with medications, or exposures to heat, cold and virus.
精品课件·名师析题
·Prepare an emergency supply kit.This is especially important if you live in an area where flooding, hurricanes, or wildfires break out easily.Your family need to be safe. 10
·Eat less meat, and take more vitamins.Research found that the diets low in meat and high in fruits and vegetables were linked with less greenhouse gas emissions. 11 Therefore, you should reduce people's vulnerability in high temperatures.
·Reduce the amount of single-use plastics in your life.The Natural Resources Defense Council says that small individual choices can add up. 12 For example, you can carry grocery bags and a reusable water bottle and cook more at home.
·Pay attention to heat warnings, and find ways to stay cool. 13 If you have air-conditioning, make sure it is working, or find out a place with air-conditioning, like a shopping mall, public library, or cooling shelter or community.Make sure you check on your friends during a heat wave, and ask that they check on you.
A．Increase your health knowledge.
B．It has tips on using easy alternatives.
C．Don't be exposed to all kinds of climates.
D．They could also lower risks of some diseases.
E．And don't forget emergency supplies for pets!
F．Housing quality plays a huge role in your staying cool.
G．Even a few hours a day of air-conditioning can avoid heat illness.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在气候变化的情况下保护自己和家人的一些措施。
9．解析：选A 下文建议人们和医生谈论一些需要注意的事项。故A项“增加你的健康知识”能概括本段内容，符合语境。
10．解析：选E 上文提到了家人需要安全，空处为段尾句，应指出，除了人之外，宠物的应急设备也要准备。故E项“别忘了宠物的应急用品”承接上文，符合语境。
11．解析：选D 本段提到要少吃肉、多吃水果和蔬菜，接着介绍了这样做的好处——减少温室气体排放。故D项“它们还可以降低患某些疾病的风险”承接上文，继续说明少吃肉的好处。
12．解析：选B 上文提到减少生活中一次性塑料的使用量，结合后文的例子可知，可以选择塑料的替代品。故B项“它有使用简单替代品的提示”承上启下，符合语境。
13．解析：选G 上文提到要注意高温警告，想办法保持凉爽，G项“即使每天开几个小时的空调也能避免中暑”承接上文，说明具体保持凉爽的方法。
课时作业(二) 语言技能综合训练
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2025·广州模拟)I was heading home after giving my colleague a lift.I took a 1 as the snowstorm was approaching.
Then the snow started and was coming down 2 .Within minutes I was in a whiteout.The windows were 3 and getting covered with snow, so I slowed down and rolled down my driver's side window,
thinking I could better 4 the road edge and keep to a straight line.But really, I had no 5 where I was.I stopped and kept the car running to stay 6 .I called 911.The operator told me to wait things out for the night.
The call left me in 7 .Breathe, I told myself.An idea occurred to me.I 8 my location online and explained what I was 9 ， wishing for anyone to come to my rescue.Soon enough, people started chiming in on my post.I got a 10 from someone who was going to put me in touch with people nearby.I had never been more 11 .
Then I saw a big 12 in the dark.He had walked about 500 metres to get me, 13 the wind and snow each step of the way.“You'll be OK.Follow me.” He turned around and started to trudge through the snow, sure of the 14 .I drove slowly behind him.When we reached his house, I burst into tears of 15 .
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在一场突如其来的暴风雪中迷路被困，随后通过社交媒体发出求救信号，最终得到一位陌生人在恶劣天气中的援助，并被引领至安全之地。
√
1．A.shortcut B．turn
C．look D．risk
解析：根据下文“as the snowstorm was approaching”可知，作者冒了很大风险。
√
2．A.soon B．fast
C．lightly D．suddenly
解析：根据下文“Within minutes I was in a whiteout.”可知，雪下得很快。
√
3．A.locked B．closed
C．frozen D．broken
解析：根据下文“getting covered with snow”可知，此处指暴风雪中车窗的状态；分析选项可知，C项“结冰”符合语境。
√
4．A.follow B．cover
C．mark D．remember
解析：根据下文“the road edge and keep to a straight line”可知，此处指沿着路边。
√
5．A.plan B．clue
C．doubt D．problem
解析：根据下文“I stopped and kept the car running”以及“I called 911.”可知，作者因暴风雪迷路，不知道自己在哪里。
√
6．A.awake B．calm
C．warm D．still
解析：根据上文“I stopped and kept the car running”可知，作者停下来但为了取暖，仍然保持汽车发动机运转。
√
7．A.confusion B．trouble
C．embarrassment D．panic
解析：根据上文“The operator told me to wait things out for the night.”可知，作者报警求救，却被告知要等一晚上，故作者感到惊慌失措。
√
8．A.confirmed B．found
C．posted D．checked
解析：根据下文“Soon enough, people started chiming in on my post.”可知，作者在网上发了帖子。
√
9．A.looking at B．going through
C．searching for D．carrying out
解析：根据下文“wishing for anyone to come to my rescue”可知，作者讲述的是自己经历的事情。
√
10．A.tip B．comment
C．like D．message
解析：根据下文“who was going to put me in touch with people nearby”可知，作者收到了一条消息。
√
11．A.inspired B．relieved
C．convinced D．amazed
解析：根据上文“who was going to put me in touch with people nearby”可知，在困境中有陌生人打算帮助作者，使作者感到如释重负。
√
12．A.policeman B．creature
C．shadow D．figure
解析：根据下文“He had walked about 500 metres to get me”可知，此处指的是人影。
√
13．A.fighting B．avoiding
C．checking D．reporting
解析：根据上文语境可知，帮助作者的人顶着风雪前来，A项“fighting”符合语境。
√
14．A.goal B．danger
C．depth D．direction
解析：根据下文“I drove slowly behind him.”可知，前来帮忙的人知道方向，所以作者跟着他开车。
√
15．A.hope B．love
C．gratitude D．pride
解析：根据上文“But really, I had no where I was.”以及“When we reached his house”可知，作者在暴风雪中迷路时受到了陌生人帮助，故作者心怀感激。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·咸阳模拟)Chinese achievements in pollution control, ecological recovery and protection, and green development China 1 (make) in the past decade were highlighted at a Friday press briefing, 2 a senior official pointed out China's 3 (participate) and leadership in global climate governance.
According to the press briefing, China has been the 4 (fast) in improving air quality and the PM 2.5 level in cities at the prefecture level and above dropped by 34.8 percent from that of 2015.Days with good air quality reached 87.5 percent.Pollution of water bodies and the soil is also 5 (effective) tackled.Ecological systems 6 (protect) and restored.National parks are set and more than 300 endangered animal and plant species saw their wild populations recover, marking achievements in protecting ecological diversity.
The country has taken 7 active part in cooperation on climate change.It has done its best to help other developing countries to improve their climate response capacity 8 (reduce) the harmful impacts of climate change.It also has distributed over 1.2 billion yuan on climate change and trained about 2,000 officials and experts in the field of climate change 9 more than 120 developing countries.
10 (head) forward, China will work with all parties to actively participate in the global governance of climate change.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了近几年中国在应对全球气候变化方面取得的成就。
1．has made 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，make作定语从句的谓语；根据时间状语“in the past decade”可知，应用现在完成时；主语是China，为第三人称单数，谓语也应用单数形式。
2．where 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a Friday press briefing，在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。
3．participation 考查名词。空前是名词所有格，所以空处应用名词作宾语，表示“参与”，故填participation。
4．fastest 考查形容词最高级。根据语境及空前的定冠词the可知，此处应填形容词最高级。
5．effectively 考查副词。空处修饰空后的动词，应用副词形式。故填effectively。
6．are protected 考查动词时态和语态。protect作本句谓语，和主语Ecological systems之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。
7．an 考查冠词。take an active part in意为“积极参加”，为固定搭配。故填an。
8．to reduce 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词has done，所以reduce应用非谓语形式；根据句意可知，此处表目的，应用不定式作目的状语。
9．for 考查介词。train for意为“为……训练”，为固定搭配。
10．Heading 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词will work，所以head应用非谓语形式，且和逻辑主语China之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式；空处位于句首，首字母应大写。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
(2025·福州模拟)假定你是李华，你校英文报正在为今年的“全国生态日(National Ecology Day)”征集环保口号(slogan)。请你给口号征集负责人Alan写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．你提出的口号； 2.口号的含义及优点。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
精品课件·名师析题
参考范文：
Dear Alan，
Having learned that our newspaper is collecting slogans for the National Ecology Day, I'm writing to introduce my own version: One Earth, One Family.
I think my slogan is very persuasive.Although we live in different countries or different parts of a country, we have only one Earth.So it is our shared responsibility to protect our home planet and safeguard the biodiversity on Earth.My slogan also shows that only with joint efforts from all over the world can we protect our home planet.
I will consider it a great honor if my slogan is selected.
Best regards!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
课时作业(三) 读后续写讲评训练
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[1] It began as a typical January day. The grey skies were heavy with snow and wind in front of Valleyview School. I was in my first year of teaching and had no idea that this approaching snowstorm would be so severe.
精品课件·名师析题
[2] By mid-day the principal called the school buses back so the three hundred kids could get home safely before it was too late. My students gathered their belongings, excited to go home early. The buses arrived but the storm suddenly worsened before the waiting kids could board and it was quickly clear no one was going anywhere soon. By now the bus drivers and a couple of snowplow (铲雪车) operators were discussing the situation. There were over three hundred children, staff, bus and snowplow drivers stuck inside the school.
[3] Night approached and the storm showed no signs of stopping. We were facing some basic questions. What would we feed several hundred children for dinner Where would they sleep？
[4] Earl, our school gatekeeper, began working non-stop to keep the heater running. Concerned about the old pipes freezing, he wrapped them with whatever material he could find. With our electricity lines swaying under the increasing weight of ice and snow in heavy winds, what would we do if we lost power A plan was definitely needed.
[5] Every parent was called to reassure them that their children were safe, and then people who lived close enough to brave the storm were called and asked if they could help. Soon, a handful of people had managed to travel through the heavy and blinding snow bringing bags of sandwiches, tinned juices, blankets and a couple of board games. One woman, who lived right on the edge of the school, wrapped herself up and felt through the blinding snow with a huge kettle and enough ingredients to make tomato soup for at least half of the school. There wasn't a lot of food, but everything was shared, no one went hungry, and no one complained.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Before night fell, we worked out entertaining and sleeping arrangements for the kids.
The next morning the snow stopped and people began to clear the snow.
[写作构思指导]
一、读文路径(把握结构主旨)
二、思考路径
1．理清故事双线
2．关注伏笔照应
伏笔1(句①)：暗示雪停后，人们会为校车用铲雪车清理出车道。
伏笔2(句②)：暗示老师们会为学生解决睡觉问题。
伏笔3(句③)：暗示老师会组织孩子们开展一些娱乐性活动并且部分解决学生睡觉的问题。
3．构思续写内容(运用“5所”构思)
第一段：
①How did we make sleep arrangements for children？(根据前文伏笔2提出问题：所见——接续首句)
②What did the teachers do for the kids？(根据前文伏笔3提出问题：所做——推进情节)
③How did the kids feel？And what did they do？(所感、所做——推进情节)
④How did the staff spend the night？(所做——衔接下文)
第二段：
⑤How did the people clean the snow next morning？(所做——接续首句)
⑥What did others do to help the children and staff？(根据前文伏笔1提出问题：所做——推进情节)
⑦What did the helpers do after the children were rescued？
(所做——推进情节)
⑧What lesson did we learn from the event？(所感——主旨升华)
[逻辑润色成文]
一、写好两个关键语段
1．请设计老师们为孩子们安排的娱乐活动及孩子们乐观自娱的场景。
Teachers took turns telling stories, playing board games and singing songs together to keep spirits high. Despite the challenging circumstances, the children remained not fearful but surprisingly cheerful. Some of the older students even organized talent shows and games to keep everyone entertained.
2．请设计一个合理的结尾。
(感悟式结尾)
(情景式结尾)
Looking back, it wasn't just the snowstorm that made that day memorable — it was the resilience and kindness shown by everyone involved.
With the shining sunlight casting on everyone, we all felt a surge of warmth running through our bodies.
二、衔接好，做到逻辑顺畅成文
Before night fell, we worked out entertaining and sleeping arrangements for the kids.
As the evening came, the school gymnasium was transformed into a temporary dormitory, with rows of mats laid out and blankets spread for the children to sleep on. (对应伏笔2和伏笔3) Teachers took turns telling stories, playing board games and singing songs together to keep spirits high. (对应伏笔3) Despite the challenging
circumstances, the children remained not fearful but surprisingly cheerful. (心理描写) Some of the older students even organized talent shows and games to keep everyone entertained. Meanwhile, the staff worked tirelessly to ensure that everyone was warm and safe throughout the night. (动作描写)
The next morning the snow stopped and people began to clear the snow.
The snowplows began to work. Parents and nearby residents arrived with tools in hand, ready to help dig out the buses a path through the snow. (对应伏笔1) The community spirit was truly inspiring, and together we were able to clear a path for the buses to finally leave. As the last bus carrying the last students pulled away, cheers erupted from those who remained behind. It was a challenging experience, but one that brought us all closer together. Looking back, it wasn't just the snowstorm that made that day memorable — it was the resilience and kindness shown by everyone involved.|背|单|词|
一、阅读单词(明其义)
1．county n． 郡，县
2．stair n. 楼梯；梯级
3．procedure n. 程序，步骤，手续
4．tsunami n. 海啸
5．odd adj. 奇怪的，怪异的；
偶尔的；不成对的
6．destructive adj. 引起破坏(或毁灭)的，
破坏(或毁灭)性的
7．conference n. 会议，研讨会；讨论，商谈
8．charity n. 慈善机构(或组织)；
慈善，施舍；仁爱，宽容
9．staff n. 全体职工；管理人员
vt. 在……工作，任职于
10．slide n. 幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩
vi.& vt. 滑行；逐渐陷入
11．fund n. 资金；基金
12．document n. 文件，公文；(计算机中的) 文档
13．bar n. 酒吧；小馆子；吧台；条，块；栏杆；障碍
vt. 封；阻挡；阻止
14．dawn n. 黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽
vi. 开始；开始清楚
二、核心单词(书写准)
1．disaster n． 灾难，灾害；彻底失败
2．crash n. 碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃
vi.& vt. 碰撞，撞击；崩溃
3．signal vi.& vt. 发信号，示意；标志
n. 信号，暗号；标志；信号灯
4．exit vt.& vi. 出去，离去，退场；退出
n. 出口，通道；离开
5．roll n. 名单；卷；一管；翻滚
vi.& vt. 翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起
6．hug vt. 拥抱，搂抱；抱紧
7．occur vi. 发生，出现；存在于
8．shock n. 震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动
vt. 使震惊
9．supply n. 补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备
vt. 供应，供给，提供
10．flood n. 洪水，水灾；大量
vi.& vt. 淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满
11．downstairs adv. 在楼下，往楼下
n. 楼下
12．otherwise adv. 否则，不然；除此以外
13．curious adj. 好奇的；奇特的
14．unearth vt. 使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到
15．destination n. 目的地，终点
16．beyond adv. 在(或向)较远处，在另一边
prep. 在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外
17．rescue n．& vt. 救援，营救，抢救
三、变形单词(晓其变)
1．injure vt. 伤害，使受伤；损害
injured adj. 受伤的；受损害的
injury n. 伤害；损害；受伤处
2．react vi. 反应；作出反应
reaction n. 反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应
3．order n. 顺序；规则
orderly adj. 有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的
4．confirm vt. 证实，确认；使确信；批准
confirmation n. 确认；证实
5．relief n. 宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济
relieve vt. 减轻；缓解
6．inform vt. 了解，熟悉；通知
information n. 信息
7．scare vt.& vi. 惊吓，害怕 n．恐慌；惊吓
scared adj. 恐惧的；害怕的
scary adj. 恐怖的；可怕的
8．power n．电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量
powerful adj. 强大的；有感染力的
powerless adj. 无力的；没有能力的
9．donate vt. 捐赠，赠送；献(血)
donation n. 捐赠；捐献
donor n. 捐赠者
10．erupt vi.& vt. (火山)爆发；突然发生
eruption n. (火山的)爆发；喷发
11．export n．出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出 vt.出口，输出
import n．进口产品，输入的产品；输入 vt.进口，引进
12．ash n. 灰
ashy adj. 覆盖着灰的；灰色的
13．bear v. 忍受
bearable adj. 可忍受的；能应付的
unbearable adj. 难耐的，无法忍受的
14．distant adj. 遥远的；冷淡的；疏远的
distance n. 遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远
15．sharp adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的
sharpen vt. 削尖；磨快；使尖锐；变锋利
sharpener n. 磨削的工具
16．locate vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于)
located adj. 位于；坐落在
location n. 位置
17．retire vi.& vt. 退休，退职
retirement n. 退休
retired adj. 已退休的
四、同“族”词汇(巧积累)
1．程度不一的“伤害”
①injure v． 伤害 ②wound v． 伤害
③hurt v. 受伤 ④damage v. 损害
⑤harm v. 伤害 ⑥impair v. 损害
⑦destroy v. 破坏；损坏
2．不同类型的“发生”
①occur (偶然)发生
②happen (偶然)发生
③take place 发生
④break out (战争等)爆发
⑤come about 发生；产生
|背|短|语|
1．at large 整个，全部
2．hold on to 抓紧，不放开；保存某物
3．at the same time 同时
4．in case 如果；假使；以防，以防万一
5．roll call 点名
6．safe and sound 安然无恙的
7．a series of 一系列
8．occur to 被想到，浮现在脑中
9．keep one's head (在困境中)保持冷静
10．warn sb. of/about sth. 提醒某人注意某事
11．to one's relief 使某人宽慰的是
12．go on 发生；继续
13．in the face of 面对；尽管，不顾
14．run out of 用完，耗尽
15．along with 与……一起
16．in all directions 向四面八方
17．take the form of 呈现……的形状；采取……的形式
18．break out 突然开始，爆发
19．in the distance 在远处
20．far and wide 到处，各处
|背|佳|句|
一、背教材原句，学高级句式
1．The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.(the moment引导时间状语从句)
晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。
2．The crowd looked upwards, and saw, with unspeakable fear, a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano.(see＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
人们抬头仰望，眼前景象让他们感到莫名恐惧，只见一团庞大的云正从火山口喷薄而出。
二、背主题佳句，学出彩表达
单元主题：自然灾害
1．A great landslide hit a small village yesterday, washing away all the houses.
昨天，一场重大泥石流袭击了一座小村庄，冲垮了所有房屋。
2．Lots of houses there lay in ruins after the earthquake.
那里的许多房屋在地震后成为废墟。
3．In the earthquake, all the bridges fell down and fires broke out here and there.
在地震中，所有的桥梁坍塌，到处燃起了大火。
|背|语|段|
以读促写：形体描写之“身”
He was moving faster and faster and finally he started to run. Strange energy filling his body made him feel like he could fly. When he finally
stopped, he was breathing heavily, but he didn't feel tired. He smiled happily — it was a wonderful feeling. And nothing could stop it.
他的脚步越来越快，最后开始跑起来。一股说不出的能量灌注全身，让他觉得自己能飞起来。当他最终停下来时，他深深地吸了一口气，但他并不感到累，他开心地笑了笑——这感觉真神奇，什么也阻挡不了它。
高分悟道 本段中使用了“moving, run, filling his body, fly”等与身体有关的动作描写，刻画了汤米在帮助他人之后的轻松愉快的心情。
高分有招 常见的与“身体”相关的高分词块有：rush off 急着走get moving 马上行动on the run 忙碌body and soul 全心全意build up one's body 强身健体lie flat on the floor 平躺在地上
本部分内容见《课前默写本》P567
一、变形词汇——
1．After being cleaned, oiled and regulated, my watch slowed down to an (bearable) degree.
2．I admired my father, and his work filled me with awe and (curious)．
3．To (relief) ourselves of the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness.
4．Rules alone don't secure an (order) society.It is the people who obey the rules that matter.
5．The kitchen knife had become dull, so my mum asked me to (sharp) it.
6．She is very pleased with the result of her blood test, for all tested items show negative
(react)．
易错微点
1．curious的常见搭配有be curious about“对……感到好奇”，be curious to do sth.“渴望做某事”。
2．relieve常用于relieve one's pain/pressure，意为“减轻某人的痛苦/压力”，或relieve sb.of sth.，表示“减轻某人的……(负担等)”。
3．react的常见搭配有react to ...“对……作出反应”，react with“与……发生反应”。
二、重点词汇——
1．occur vi.发生，出现；存在于
①Suddenly a good idea occurred her, but she didn't know how to speak it out.
②It never occurred to him (ask) anyone to help him with English.
③(话题写作之亲子关系) I can make a gift by myself for my mother.
我突然想到我可以亲手给妈妈做一件礼物。
sth.occur(s) to sb.某人想起某事
It occurs to sb.that ...某人(突然)想起……
It occurs to sb.to do sth.某人(突然)想起做某事
名师指津：occur是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。
2．inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知
①I would be very grateful if you could inform me your decisions at your earliest convenience.
②Online learning via the Internet always keeps us (inform) of the development of the latest technology in the world.
③They often get some useful (inform) from the Internet.
④(词汇升级)We already know who's got the job but we haven't been told officially.
(1)inform sb.of sth. 告知某人某事
inform sb.that ... 通知某人……
inform sb.＋疑问词＋to do 告知某人……
keep sb.informed (of sth.)使某人随时了解(某事)
(2)information n． 信息，消息，情报
3．shock n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊
①They were so (shock) that they hadn't even thought to call for an ambulance yet.
②Don't mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may give away the (shock) ending.
③(神情描写) ______________________， unsure what to do next.
他吃惊地站在那里，不知道接下来怎么办。
(1)in shock 震惊地，吃惊地
(2)shocked adj. 震惊的
be shocked at/by 对……感到震惊
(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的
4．supply n．补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt.供应，供给，提供
①(感谢信)Looking back on the process of studying with you, I will never forget the help .
回顾和你一起学习的过程，我永远不会忘记你给我提供的帮助。
②(活动介绍)此外，夏令营还为会员提供参观博物馆的机会，这是了解我们历史的好途径。(一句多译)
→In addition, the summer camp to visit museums, which is a good way to learn about our history.
→In addition, the summer camp to visit museums, which is a good way to learn about our history.
(1)be in short supply短缺，供应不足
a supply of (＋可数名词复数或不可数名词) 一批，很多
(2)supply sth.to sb.＝supply sb.with sth.向某人提供某物
联想发散：表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有：
①provide sb.with sth.＝provide sth.for sb.
②offer sb.sth.＝offer sth.to sb.
5．distance n．遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远
①I encountered many hikers who were headed to a (distance) campground.
②(细节描写) caught our attention and drove us to the riverbank.
远处的水声引起了我们的注意，把我们引到了河边。
③(话题写作之人物描写)It was difficult to get along well with her because she always ____________________.
很难与她融洽相处，因为她总是与每个人保持一定距离。
(1)in the distance 在远方，在远处
at/from a distance稍远处；离一段距离
at/from a distance of 在……远的地方
keep one's distance from ...＝keep ...at a distance与……保持距离/疏远
(2)distant adj. 遥远的；(指人)远亲的；冷淡的
be distant from 远离……
6．rescue n．& vt.救援，营救，抢救
①(话题写作之人物描写)Whenever we were in danger, they would .
每当我们有危险时，他们都会赶来救援。
②(场景描写)The wind and waves were very strong, which increased the difficulty in .But didn't give up any hope of . 风浪很大，这增加了营救这个溺水男孩的困难，但是救援人员没有放弃任何把他从危险中解救出来的希望。
(1)rescue sb./sth.from ... 从……中拯救某人/某物
(2)come/go to one's rescue 来/去营救某人
rescue team/workers 救援队/人员
三、重点短语——
run out of 用完，耗尽
①(话题写作之环境保护)Facing the problem that quite precious natural resources ， on no account can we waste them.
面对相当宝贵的自然资源可能枯竭的问题，我们决不能再浪费它们。
②(场景描写)Tom was Jerry when he Spike.He ran so fast that he couldn't stop and as a result, he Spike.He had to angry Spike.He ran and ran.He didn't shake off Spike until he his strength.
汤姆在追杰瑞时碰到了斯派克。他跑得如此快，以至于停不下来，结果撞到了斯派克身上。他不得不逃离愤怒的斯派克。他跑啊跑，直到力气耗尽，才甩开了斯派克。
run across 偶然遇见
run out 用完，耗尽
run after 追赶，追逐
run into 撞上；偶然遇见
run away from ... 远离……；避开……
易混辨析：①run out of意为“用完，耗尽”，为及物动词短语，后面要接宾语，用于主动语态时，主语只能是人；其同义短语为use up。
②run out意为“用完；用光”，为不及物动词短语，主语常常是“物”。
四、一词多义——
1.①The present regime has been in power for two years. _____ ②Power is fed into the electricity line through an underground cable. _____ ③I am sorry it's beyond my power to make a final decision on the project. _____ ④The president has the power to approve the proposals. _____ 1.powerA．n.电，电力B．n.权力 C．n.政权D．n.控制力 E．n.能力F．n.能量 G．n.力量
2.①Prices change according to supply and demand. _____ ②The explosive mixture in a rocket consists of both a fuel and a supply of oxygen. _____ ③We are here to supply the public with a free medical service. _____ ④They should also have a stock of essential supplies for a disaster. _____ 2.supplyA．n.补给，补给品B．n.供应C．n.供应量，储备D．vt.供应，供给，提供
3.①It was very sharp of you to have noticed that.It was only a very small fault. _____ ②After the storm, there was a sharp drop in temperature. _____ ③It's dangerous for a child to hold a sharp knife. _____ ④He was very sharp with me when I was late. _____ 3.sharpA．adj.锋利的B．adj.急剧的，骤然的C．adj.严厉的D．adj.灵敏的
数智赋能 随堂训练—用单元所学知识补全语段
(说明：文中加黑词汇为本单元主题词汇)
(2024·浙江1月高考·阅读理解C篇)On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary's southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about D|S2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.“Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail，” Mr.Stienwand says, “but they're increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc.of Fargo, North Dakota.“We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought，” Dr.Krauss says.“In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma.“In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas，” Dr.Doswell says.“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt, Mr.Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
[真题评价]
1．What does the project aim to do？( )
A．Conserve moisture in the soil.
B．Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C．Forecast disastrous hailstorms.
D．Investigate chemical use in farming.
2．Who are opposed to the project？( )
A．Farmers in east-central Alberta.
B．Managers of insurance companies.
C．Provincial government officials.
D．Residents of Calgary and Edmonton.
3．Why does Dr.Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999？( )
A．To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B．To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C．To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D．To show the link between storms and moisture.
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph？( )
A．Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B．Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C．The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D．Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
[语篇精读]
一、理文脉，把握文章大意
本文是一篇说明文，采用了“问题—解决”型的语篇模式。
二、拓词汇，厚积语基语料
1．因境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的词性及含义)
①(熟词生义)Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.
②(熟词生义)But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
③(熟词生义)Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.
2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思)
①ice crystals _____________
②the provincial government _____________
③opposite effect ____________
④lack of scientific proof _____________
⑤win a lawsuit against _____________
三、析难句，破解阅读障碍
1．Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.
抓标志：从属连词 _____________
判类型：主句＋目的状语＋时间状语从句
试翻译：飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶还没来得及变成危险的冰雹就像雨一样落下。
2．But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
抓标志：从属连词 _____________
判类型：主句＋宾语从句
试翻译：但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“防雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干旱的土地上偷走。
由教材典句，学高级表达
句式 the moment引导时间状语从句
|解|读|规|则|
(1)“一……就……”的表达形式：
①immediately/directly/instantly＋从句
②the moment/minute/instant＋从句
③upon/on＋n./doing ...
④no sooner ... than .../hardly ...when ...
⑤as soon as＋从句
(2)在no sooner ... than .../hardly ... when ...句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时；如果no sooner或hardly位于句首，主句需用部分倒装。
|习|练|规|则| (一句多译/句式升级)
①一回到家，我就把花在花瓶里插好。
→I arranged the flowers in the vase .(the moment)
→I arranged the flowers in the vase .(on doing)
②We had hardly left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.
→ the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.(升级为倒装句)
|应|用|写|美|
③(动作描写)我头一沾枕头就睡着了。(as soon as)
I fell asleep .
④(动作描写)一听到有人喊“救命”，他就冲出了房子。(upon doing)
of “help”， he dashed out of the house.
⑤(心理描写)我太震惊了以至于一听到这个消息我就僵在了原地。(the moment)
So shocked was I that I was frozen to the spot .
建构语义场，丰富语料库
子语境(一) 灾难爆发
1．the endless rain 无尽的雨
2．push against the other 你推我搡
3．be caught/trapped in 陷入(困境)
4．hurry blindly and fearfully on
惊慌失措地盲目奔逃
5．The wind roared and the rain beat on the roof.
风在怒吼，雨敲打着房顶。
6．At that moment, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet; beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs.
那一刻，他们感到脚下的大地正在颤抖；他们听到远处有屋顶坍塌的巨响。
子语境(二) 应对措施
1．practise earthquake safety procedures
地震安全规程演练
2．keep calm to solve the problem保持镇静以解决问题
3．Sabrina was frightened, but she soon kept her head. 萨布丽娜吓坏了，不过她很快冷静下来。
4．Her students' reaction was quick and correct — they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks.
她的学生们反应迅速正确——他们头朝里，钻到桌子下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。
子语境(三) 灾害的影响
1．do damage to ... 对……造成损害
2．cause economic loss 造成经济损失
3．lose one's life 丧命
4．cut off electricity 断电
5．be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
6．Local farmers were desperate because the strong winds had done great damage to their wheat crops. 当地农民非常绝望，因为强风对他们的小麦造成了巨大损害。
7．The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。
子语境(四) 灾难逃生
1．make their escape 逃生
2．warn sb.of the danger 提醒某人有危险
3．get away from 逃离
4．run to safety 跑到安全地带
5．The beach was rapidly cleared of people, just before the huge waves crashed into the coast.
就在巨浪拍岸的前一刻，海滩上的人迅速疏散一空。
6．She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands.
她示意学生们用双手护着头，排好队，有序离开教室。
主题微写作，勤练笔不辍
(一)应用单元所学补全语段(黑体字为单元词汇的复现)
Natural disasters happen almost every day.In order to protect ourselves from these disasters, some measures should be taken.
First of all, we need to set a sound pre-warning mechanism, ① (这使我们能够在早期阶段最大限度地确认潜在风险)．Secondly, an excellent Disaster Assistance Reaction Team should be equipped ② (救援灾民) and they will take action quickly ③ (灾难一发生)．Most importantly, everyone should learn some ways to save themselves and ④ (记得在面对自然灾害时保持冷静)．
Only by the above-mentioned practical measures can we respond quickly to natural disasters.
(二)主题语段的细节描写训练
1．灾难场景(表达逻辑：地震场景描写→烘托危险气氛→衬托内心恐惧)
① (大地开始颤动)．All across the city, streets ripped open.Buildings swayed.② (墙壁倒塌) and houses came crashing down.Windows shattered and ③ (破碎的玻璃落在他的四周)．He tried to scream, but his throat was coated with dust.He wanted to run, but he couldn't even stand.④ (震动太剧烈了)．And then there was a sound like an explosion.The ceiling above his head burst open.
2．遭遇灾难(表达逻辑：雪崩发生→积极自救)
① (Paul立刻意识到) what was happening.“Avalanche (雪崩)！” he yelled to Scott, who was not far behind.Instantly, ② (两个人都被一大团雪击中) that would hit and carry them some 500 feet down the mountain.They remembered ③ (他们上过的雪崩生存课)．Keep your head up.Try to swim.Stay on top of the snow.But the snow was too powerful and ④ (他们感觉自己就像洗衣机中滚动着的一团衣服)．
3．灾后感悟(表达逻辑：直面灾后惨状→救助受伤的灾民→对这一经历的感慨)
We waited a long time before going downstairs.Hardly had the rushing water dropped when we saw the unrecognizable hotel gate.① (到处都是淤泥和破碎的家具)．Some people ② (被困在水中的人) were either unconscious or burst into tears with pain.What we saw weakened our heart and ③ (我们在死里逃生后决定帮助受害者)．Never had I had such a thrilling yet dangerous vacation before.The special trip to Penang ④ (在我心中留下了深刻的印象)．
UNIT 2 Natural disasters
[课堂学案·过词汇关]
一、变形词汇
1．unbearable 2.curiosity 3.relieve 4.orderly 5.sharpen 6.reactions
二、重点词汇
1．①to ②to ask ③It occurred to me that
2．①of ②informed ③information ④informed
3．①shocked ②shocking ③He stood there in shock
4．①you supplied/offered to me ②supplies a chance to members;
supplies members with a chance
5．①distant ②The sound of water in the distance
③kept everyone at a distance
6．①come to our rescue ②rescuing the drowning boy;
the rescue workers; rescuing him from danger
三、重点短语
①may be run out of/used up ②running after; ran across/into; ran into; run away from; ran out of
四、一词多义
1．①C ②A ③E ④B 2.①B ②C ③D ④A
3．①D ②B ③A ④C
[迁移应用·过阅读关]
[真题评价]
[价值导向] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大的防雹干预计划之争。选文提醒我们既要认识自然灾害，有灾害防范意识，又要辩证思考面对灾害的最佳解决方式，提高应对灾害的能力。
1．选B 细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a result ...dangerous hailstones.”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。
2．选A 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east central Alberta ...worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.”可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。
3．选C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了提示人工降雨可能带来的危险。
4．选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Due to the lack of scientific proof ...a lawsuit against cloud seeding companies.”可推知，人工降雨公司将继续存在。
[语篇精读]
二、1.①v.播撒 ②adj.干旱的 ③v.发表演讲
2．①冰晶 ②省政府 ③相反的效果 ④缺乏科学证据
⑤赢得对……的诉讼
三、1.before 2.that
[发展提升·过表达关]
由教材典句，学高级表达
[句式] ①the moment I arrived home; on arriving home
②Hardly had we left the dormitory
③as soon as my head hit the pillow ④Upon hearing shouts
⑤the moment I heard the news
主题微写作，勤练笔不辍
(一)①which enables us at large to confirm the potential risks at an early stage
②to rescue the victims ③the moment a disaster occurs
④remember to keep their head in the face of natural disasters
(二)1.①The earth began to shake ②Walls collapsed
③broken glass fell all around him ④The shaking was too hard
2．①It immediately occurred to Paul
②both were hit by a mass of snow
③the avalanche survival lessons they had attended
④they felt themselves rolling like a load of clothes in a washing machine
3．①There was dirt and broken furniture everywhere
②who were caught in the water
③we decided to help the victims after a narrow escape
④was deeply impressed in my mind
1 / 19必修3 UNIT 2 课时作业(二) 语言技能综合训练
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2025·广州模拟)I was heading home after giving my colleague a lift.I took a __1__ as the snowstorm was approaching.
Then the snow started and was coming down __2__.Within minutes I was in a whiteout.The windows were __3__ and getting covered with snow, so I slowed down and rolled down my driver's side window, thinking I could better __4__ the road edge and keep to a straight line.But really, I had no __5__ where I was.I stopped and kept the car running to stay __6__.I called 911.The operator told me to wait things out for the night.
The call left me in __7__.Breathe, I told myself.An idea occurred to me.I __8__ my location online and explained what I was __9__， wishing for anyone to come to my rescue.Soon enough, people started chiming in on my post.I got a __10__ from someone who was going to put me in touch with people nearby.I had never been more __11__.
Then I saw a big __12__ in the dark.He had walked about 500 metres to get me, __13__ the wind and snow each step of the way.“You'll be OK.Follow me.” He turned around and started to trudge through the snow, sure of the __14__.I drove slowly behind him.When we reached his house, I burst into tears of __15__.
1．A.shortcut B．turn
C．look D．risk
2．A.soon B．fast
C．lightly D．suddenly
3．A.locked B．closed
C．frozen D．broken
4．A.follow B．cover
C．mark D．remember
5．A.plan B．clue
C．doubt D．problem
6．A.awake B．calm
C．warm D．still
7．A.confusion B．trouble
C．embarrassment D．panic
8．A.confirmed B．found
C．posted D．checked
9．A.looking at B．going through
C．searching for D．carrying out
10．A.tip B．comment
C．like D．message
11．A.inspired B．relieved
C．convinced D．amazed
12．A.policeman B．creature
C．shadow D．figure
13．A.fighting B．avoiding
C．checking D．reporting
14．A.goal B．danger
C．depth D．direction
15．A.hope B．love
C．gratitude D．pride
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·咸阳模拟)Chinese achievements in pollution control, ecological recovery and protection, and green development China __1__ (make) in the past decade were highlighted at a Friday press briefing, __2__ a senior official pointed out China's __3__ (participate) and leadership in global climate governance.
According to the press briefing, China has been the __4__ (fast) in improving air quality and the PM 2.5 level in cities at the prefecture level and above dropped by 34.8 percent from that of 2015.Days with good air quality reached 87.5 percent.Pollution of water bodies and the soil is also __5__ (effective) tackled.Ecological systems __6__ (protect) and restored.National parks are set and more than 300 endangered animal and plant species saw their wild populations recover, marking achievements in protecting ecological diversity.
The country has taken __7__ active part in cooperation on climate change.It has done its best to help other developing countries to improve their climate response capacity __8__ (reduce) the harmful impacts of climate change.It also has distributed over 1.2 billion yuan on climate change and trained about 2,000 officials and experts in the field of climate change __9__ more than 120 developing countries.
__10__ (head) forward, China will work with all parties to actively participate in the global governance of climate change.
Ⅲ.应用文写作精品课件·名师析题
(2025·福州模拟)假定你是李华，你校英文报正在为今年的“全国生态日(National Ecology Day)”征集环保口号(slogan)。请你给口号征集负责人Alan写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．你提出的口号；
2．口号的含义及优点。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
课时作业(二)
Ⅰ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在一场突如其来的暴风雪中迷路被困，随后通过社交媒体发出求救信号，最终得到一位陌生人在恶劣天气中的援助，并被引领至安全之地。
1．选D 根据下文“as the snowstorm was approaching”可知，作者冒了很大风险。
2．选B 根据下文“Within minutes I was in a whiteout.”可知，雪下得很快。
3．选C 根据下文“getting covered with snow”可知，此处指暴风雪中车窗的状态；分析选项可知，C项“结冰”符合语境。
4．选A 根据下文“the road edge and keep to a straight line”可知，此处指沿着路边。
5．选B 根据下文“I stopped and kept the car running”以及“I called 911.”可知，作者因暴风雪迷路，不知道自己在哪里。
6．选C 根据上文“I stopped and kept the car running”可知，作者停下来但为了取暖，仍然保持汽车发动机运转。
7．选D 根据上文“The operator told me to wait things out for the night.”可知，作者报警求救，却被告知要等一晚上，故作者感到惊慌失措。
8．选C 根据下文“Soon enough, people started chiming in on my post.”可知，作者在网上发了帖子。
9．选B 根据下文“wishing for anyone to come to my rescue”可知，作者讲述的是自己经历的事情。
10．选D 根据下文“who was going to put me in touch with people nearby”可知，作者收到了一条消息。
11．选B 根据上文“who was going to put me in touch with people nearby”可知，在困境中有陌生人打算帮助作者，使作者感到如释重负。
12．选D 根据下文“He had walked about 500 metres to get me”可知，此处指的是人影。
13．选A 根据上文语境可知，帮助作者的人顶着风雪前来，A项“fighting”符合语境。
14．选D 根据下文“I drove slowly behind him.”可知，前来帮忙的人知道方向，所以作者跟着他开车。
15．选C 根据上文“But really, I had no ________ where I was.”以及“When we reached his house”可知，作者在暴风雪中迷路时受到了陌生人帮助，故作者心怀感激。
Ⅱ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了近几年中国在应对全球气候变化方面取得的成就。
1．has made 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，make作定语从句的谓语；根据时间状语“in the past decade”可知，应用现在完成时；主语是China，为第三人称单数，谓语也应用单数形式。
2．where 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a Friday press briefing，在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。
3．participation 考查名词。空前是名词所有格，所以空处应用名词作宾语，表示“参与”，故填participation。
4．fastest 考查形容词最高级。根据语境及空前的定冠词the可知，此处应填形容词最高级。
5．effectively 考查副词。空处修饰空后的动词，应用副词形式。故填effectively。
6．are protected 考查动词时态和语态。protect作本句谓语，和主语Ecological systems之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。
7．an 考查冠词。take an active part in意为“积极参加”，为固定搭配。故填an。
8．to reduce 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词has done，所以reduce应用非谓语形式；根据句意可知，此处表目的，应用不定式作目的状语。
9．for 考查介词。train for意为“为……训练”，为固定搭配。
10．Heading 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词will work，所以head应用非谓语形式，且和逻辑主语China之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式；空处位于句首，首字母应大写。
Ⅲ.应用文写作(参考范文)
Dear Alan，
Having learned that our newspaper is collecting slogans for the National Ecology Day, I'm writing to introduce my own version: One Earth, One Family.
I think my slogan is very persuasive.Although we live in different countries or different parts of a country, we have only one Earth.So it is our shared responsibility to protect our home planet and safeguard the biodiversity on Earth.My slogan also shows that only with joint efforts from all over the world can we protect our home planet.
I will consider it a great honor if my slogan is selected.
Best regards!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
3 / 3必修3 UNIT 2 课时作业(三) 读后续写讲评训练
精品课件·名师析题
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[1] It began as a typical January day. The grey skies were heavy with snow and wind in front of Valleyview School. I was in my first year of teaching and had no idea that this approaching snowstorm would be so severe.
[2] By mid day the principal called the school buses back so the three hundred kids could get home safely before it was too late. My students gathered their belongings, excited to go home early. The buses arrived but the storm suddenly worsened before the waiting kids could board and it was quickly clear no one was going anywhere soon. By now the bus drivers and a couple of snowplow (铲雪车) operators were discussing the situation. There were over three hundred children, staff, bus and snowplow drivers stuck inside the school.
[3] Night approached and the storm showed no signs of stopping. We were facing some basic questions. What would we feed several hundred children for dinner Where would they sleep？
[4] Earl, our school gatekeeper, began working non stop to keep the heater running. Concerned about the old pipes freezing, he wrapped them with whatever material he could find. With our electricity lines swaying under the increasing weight of ice and snow in heavy winds, what would we do if we lost power A plan was definitely needed.
[5] Every parent was called to reassure them that their children were safe, and then people who lived close enough to brave the storm were called and asked if they could help. Soon, a handful of people had managed to travel through the heavy and blinding snow bringing bags of sandwiches, tinned juices, blankets and a couple of board games. One woman, who lived right on the edge of the school, wrapped herself up and felt through the blinding snow with a huge kettle and enough ingredients to make tomato soup for at least half of the school. There wasn't a lot of food, but everything was shared, no one went hungry, and no one complained.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Before night fell, we worked out entertaining and sleeping arrangements for the kids.
The next morning the snow stopped and people began to clear the snow.
[写作构思指导]
一、读文路径(把握结构主旨)
二、思考路径
1．理清故事双线
2．关注伏笔照应
伏笔1(句①)：暗示雪停后，人们会为校车用铲雪车清理出车道。
伏笔2(句②)：暗示老师们会为学生解决睡觉问题。
伏笔3(句③)：暗示老师会组织孩子们开展一些娱乐性活动并且部分解决学生睡觉的问题。
3．构思续写内容(运用“5所”构思)
第一段：
①How did we make sleep arrangements for children？(根据前文伏笔2提出问题：所见——接续首句)
②What did the teachers do for the kids？(根据前文伏笔3提出问题：所做——推进情节)
③How did the kids feel？And what did they do？(所感、所做——推进情节)
④How did the staff spend the night？(所做——衔接下文)
第二段：
⑤How did the people clean the snow next morning？(所做——接续首句)
⑥What did others do to help the children and staff？(根据前文伏笔1提出问题：所做——推进情节)
⑦What did the helpers do after the children were rescued？(所做——推进情节)
⑧What lesson did we learn from the event？(所感——主旨升华)
[逻辑润色成文]
一、写好两个关键语段
1．请设计老师们为孩子们安排的娱乐活动及孩子们乐观自娱的场景。
2．请设计一个合理的结尾。
二、衔接好，做到逻辑顺畅成文
Before night fell, we worked out entertaining and sleeping arrangements for the kids.
The next morning the snow stopped and people began to clear the snow.
课时作业(三)
一、1.Teachers took turns telling stories, playing board games and singing songs together to keep spirits high. Despite the challenging circumstances, the children remained not fearful but surprisingly cheerful. Some of the older students even organized talent shows and games to keep everyone entertained.
2．(感悟式结尾)Looking back, it wasn't just the snowstorm that made that day memorable — it was the resilience and kindness shown by everyone involved.
(情景式结尾)With the shining sunlight casting on everyone, we all felt a surge of warmth running through our bodies.
二、 Before night fell, we worked out entertaining and sleeping arrangements for the kids. As the evening came, the school gymnasium was transformed into a temporary dormitory, with rows of mats laid out and blankets spread for the children to sleep on. (对应伏笔2和伏笔3) Teachers took turns telling stories, playing board games and singing songs together to keep spirits high. (对应伏笔3) Despite the challenging circumstances, the children remained not fearful but surprisingly cheerful. (心理描写) Some of the older students even organized talent shows and games to keep everyone entertained. Meanwhile, the staff worked tirelessly to ensure that everyone was warm and safe throughout the night. (动作描写)
The next morning the snow stopped and people began to clear the snow. The snowplows began to work. Parents and nearby residents arrived with tools in hand, ready to help dig out the buses a path through the snow. (对应伏笔1) The community spirit was truly inspiring, and together we were able to clear a path for the buses to finally leave. As the last bus carrying the last students pulled away, cheers erupted from those who remained behind. It was a challenging experience, but one that brought us all closer together. Looking back, it wasn't just the snowstorm that made that day memorable — it was the resilience and kindness shown by everyone involved.
3 / 3必修3 UNIT 2 课时作业(一) 主题阅读集群训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·保定模拟)Since Cynthia Florio was a lifeguard at Tobay Beach in the 1990s, she has watched the ocean approach the shore and draw closer to the dunes (沙丘)．It's what forced Florio, 53, of Massapequa, to take part in the Town of Oyster Bay's annual dune grass planting event on March 30 — an effort to help stabilize the beach dunes against shoreline erosion (侵蚀)．
Along with other volunteers, Florio had spent hours with her daughter, Kyra Florio Marinello, 15, and her daughter's friend Tatum Brennan, 15, planting the native plants that were intended to absorb water and prepare the sand against heavy wind.But four days later, a storm on Wednesday hit Long Island and washed the new plants away.“The latest dune planting event drew more than 150 volunteers who planted a lot across 2.7 acres of Atlantic Ocean sand dunes，” said Marta Kane, an Oyster Bay spokeswoman.“The dune grass cost the town D|S32,000.”
The event, centered on volunteerism, drew some families whose elders were looking to share a message with a younger generation about the importance of protecting the environment.While the outcome resulted in a wave of disappointment, for some volunteers that was coupled with a sense of renewed motivation.Maria Rizzi, 70, of Massapequa, participated in the planting session with her grandson, Andrew Lepsis, 10.She said she would go back for another event with even more family members.“I'd be willing to do it again，” she said.“I'd even talk the older grand kids into coming.”
While the storm swept the new plants away, Florio said Tobay Beach's appearance aftermath serves as a powerful reminder of the need for more volunteer work on that stretch of sand.“Maybe it will inspire more people to volunteer and understand the need for us to protect our beaches，” Florio said.
1．What is the aim of the dune grass planting event
A．To protect the ocean from being polluted.
B．To keep the shoreline in good shape.
C．To reduce extreme weather conditions.
D．To prevent people playing on the beach.
2．Which of the following can best describe the dune grass planting event
A．Popular but costly.
B．Traditional but complex.
C．Creative and economical.
D．Successful and rewarding.
3．How did Maria Rizzi feel about grass planting
A．Incapable. B．Disappointed.
C．Hopeless. D．Motivated.
4．What can be the best title for the text
A．Great Grass Planting
B．The Best of the Storm
C．Spirit Never Washed Away
D．Volunteers Making History Together
B
(2025·江西重点中学联考) Inside a large room at the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), tens of thousands of seeds are stored at a constant temperature of －20 ℃.Some of them may hold keys to helping us face the future.
“Our center holds as many as 120,000 varieties of seeds.Many of them come from crops as old as agriculture itself.Other seeds were selected by researchers who've hiked in the past four decades through forests and mountains in the Middle East, Asia and North Africa, searching for wild relatives of wheat, rice, legumes (豆科植物) and other crops that are important to the human diet，” says Mariana Yazbek, who manages the research center.
The research center, formed in the 1970s, once mostly helped farmers in poorer countries in hot and dry climates.But now it also sends seeds to scientists in Europe, Canada and the United States, to improve certain crops' resistance to the effects of climate change.
“What we are collecting is a sample of the diversity that we have in nature，” adds Yazbek.“We save seeds in case extreme droughts, floods or other catastrophic events should wipe out plant species.These wild relatives of crops have witnessed so many different climates.The qualities that help them adapt and survive in these conditions are stored in their DNA.We have this diversity and it can be a tool to help us face the future.”
Yazbek says scientists are particularly interested in crops like the legume because it absorbs a lot of greenhouse gas CO2 from the atmosphere.It also releases N into the soil, meaning the farmers have to use less chemical fertilizer.And the legume takes very little water to grow because it produces sugar alcohols that act as humectants, a substance that attracts and absorbs water and saves the plant from freezing or drying out.
In another case, a wild wheat seed collected in Iran has allowed scientists in the US to develop new wheat varieties resistant to the Hessian fly, a harmful insect that causes tens of millions of dollars in damage to American crops every year.
5．What can be learned about ICARDA
A．It has a complete collection of seeds.
B．It just helps the undeveloped countries.
C．It used to develop seeds for rich countries.
D．It focuses on saving ancient and wild seeds.
6．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “catastrophic” in paragraph 4
A．Important. B．Wasteful.
C．Terrible. D．Unforgettable.
7．What can be inferred about the legume
A．It will grow much better in wet areas.
B．It is friendly to the environment and soil.
C．It will become the main crop for humans.
D．It has difficulty in adapting to cold climate.
8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Seeds Stored at ICARDA May Help Us Improve Our Crops
B．A New Invaluable Seed Bank Is Constructed at ICARDA
C．Scientists Have Made Breakthroughs in Ancient Seed Study
D．New Seeds Are Successfully Developed for North America
Ⅱ.阅读七选五 精品课件·名师析题
(2025·河北高三大联考)We are all victims of climate change.Fighting with climate change can feel stressed, but there are a lot of things you can do to protect yourself and your loved ones.Experts recommend the following steps.
·__9__ Talk to your doctor about what types of alerts or weather events you should be looking out for when it comes to heat, stress interactions with medications, or exposures to heat, cold and virus.
·Prepare an emergency supply kit.This is especially important if you live in an area where flooding, hurricanes, or wildfires break out easily.Your family need to be safe.__10__
·Eat less meat, and take more vitamins.Research found that the diets low in meat and high in fruits and vegetables were linked with less greenhouse gas emissions.__11__ Therefore, you should reduce people's vulnerability in high temperatures.
·Reduce the amount of single use plastics in your life.The Natural Resources Defense Council says that small individual choices can add up.__12__ For example, you can carry grocery bags and a reusable water bottle and cook more at home.
·Pay attention to heat warnings, and find ways to stay cool.__13__ If you have air conditioning, make sure it is working, or find out a place with air conditioning, like a shopping mall, public library, or cooling shelter or community.Make sure you check on your friends during a heat wave, and ask that they check on you.
A．Increase your health knowledge.
B．It has tips on using easy alternatives.
C．Don't be exposed to all kinds of climates.
D．They could also lower risks of some diseases.
E．And don't forget emergency supplies for pets!
F．Housing quality plays a huge role in your staying cool.
G．Even a few hours a day of air conditioning can avoid heat illness.
课时作业(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
[A]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。为了防止海滩沙丘被海岸线侵蚀，Oyster Bay的志愿者开展了沙丘植草活动。虽然种植的植物在暴风雨中被摧毁，但志愿者们的意志未被摧毁，他们准备再次尝试。
1．选B 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，沙丘植草活动旨在帮助稳定海滩沙丘，防止其被海岸线侵蚀，以此保持海岸线良好的形状。
2．选A 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The latest dune ...town D|S32,000.”对参加该活动的人数和其花费的描述可知，沙丘植草活动受到了大家的欢迎和支持，但有点费钱。
3．选D 推理判断题。根据第三段中“She said she would go back for another event ...coming.”可知，Maria Rizzi对沙丘植草活动充满希望，积极性很高。
4．选C 标题归纳题。根据全文内容，结合第三段中“While the outcome ...motivation.”和第四段内容可知，为了防止海滩沙丘被海岸线侵蚀，Oyster Bay的志愿者开展了沙丘植草活动。虽然种植的植物在暴风雨中被摧毁，但志愿者们的意志未被摧毁，他们准备再次尝试。故C项“从未被冲走的精神”适合作文章标题。
[B]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际干旱地区农业研究中心(ICARDA)成立的时间、主要业务、工作区域等，并介绍了它对世界农业发展所起的重要作用。
5．选D 细节理解题。根据第二段中Mariana Yazbek 说的话可知，ICARDA致力于收集古老和野生的种子。
6．选C 词义猜测题。分析画线词所在句可知，画线词与“极端干旱”和“洪水”并列，由此可推出其词义应与C项接近，表示“灾难性的，极糟的”。
7．选B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Yazbek说的话可知，豆科植物能吸收大量的温室气体二氧化碳，还将氮释放到土壤中，对环境和土壤都很友好。
8．选A 标题归纳题。通读全文特别是第一段和第三段可知，储存在ICARDA的种子可以改善农作物的基因，提高作物对气候变化影响的抵抗力，故A项“储存在ICARDA的种子可以帮助改善我们的作物”适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在气候变化的情况下保护自己和家人的一些措施。
9．选A 下文建议人们和医生谈论一些需要注意的事项。故A项“增加你的健康知识”能概括本段内容，符合语境。
10．选E 上文提到了家人需要安全，空处为段尾句，应指出，除了人之外，宠物的应急设备也要准备。故E项“别忘了宠物的应急用品”承接上文，符合语境。
11．选D 本段提到要少吃肉、多吃水果和蔬菜，接着介绍了这样做的好处——减少温室气体排放。故D项“它们还可以降低患某些疾病的风险”承接上文，继续说明少吃肉的好处。
12．选B 上文提到减少生活中一次性塑料的使用量，结合后文的例子可知，可以选择塑料的替代品。故B项“它有使用简单替代品的提示”承上启下，符合语境。
13．选G 上文提到要注意高温警告，想办法保持凉爽，G项“即使每天开几个小时的空调也能避免中暑”承接上文，说明具体保持凉爽的方法。
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