高二英语试卷
考生注意:
1. 本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分, 考试时间120分钟。
2, 答题前, 考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。
3. 考生作答时, 请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后, 用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑; 非选择题请用直径 0.5 毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答, 超出答题区域书写的答案无效, 在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。
4. 本卷命题范围: 人教版必修第一册至选择性必修第三册。
第一部分 听力（共两节, 满分30分）
第一节（共5小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有 10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. When will the manager come to his office tomorrow morning
A. At 9:30. B. At 10:45. C. At 11:00.
2. Why has the man been away for a long time
A. He went to Glasgow. B. He lost his job. C. He was sick.
3. Where are the speakers
A. In a bakery. B. In a restaurant. C. At home.
4. How does the man feel now
A. Excited. B. Sleepy. C. Relaxed.
5. What is the most probable relationship between the speakers
A. Colleagues. B. Driver and passenger. C. A couple.
第二节（共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. What is the woman doing
A. Making an outing plan.
B. Entertaining some friends.
C. Reminding the man of an appointment,
7. Who did the man plan to meet tonight
A. Jim. B. Frank. C. Adrian,
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. What is the woman looking for
A. Envelopes. B. Photographs. C. Art supplies.
9. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In a studio. B. In a store. C. In a post office.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
10. What does Grace ask Jack to do
A. Fix the copy machine.
B. Attend a staff meeting.
C. Photocopy some documents,
11. What do we know about the Marple office
A. It is not faraway. B. It is a repair shop. C. It is the meeting room.
12. What does Jack agree to do
A. Repair the machine soon.
B. Receive more training.
C. Go to the office in Marple.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
13. Why does the woman talk to the man
A. To make a reservation.
B. To get the latest information.
C. To confirm an order.
14. When was the project originally scheduled to start
A. On Monday. B. On Tuesday. C. On Wednesday.
15. Who is Richard
A. The client. B. The supplier. C. The speakers' colleague.
16. How long might it actually take to finish the job
A. Five days. B. Four days. C. Three days.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17. What is the speaker's book about
A. Website design. B. Women's basketball. C. Men's football.
18. When did the speaker have the idea to build a website
A. After university. B. At university. C. At high school.
19. Why did the speaker change the name of her website
A. It wasn't successful at first.
B. The original name wasn't suitable.
C. She wanted to include other games.
20. What is unable to be found at the website
A. Childcare. B. Computer games. C. Make-up and fashion.
第二部分 阅读（共两节, 满分50分）
第一节（共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
From the gardens of Iceland to the mountains of Nepal, here are four places to celebrate abundance and beauty in the natural world.
Keukenhof Gardens, the Netherlands
The Netherlands produces nearly 90% of the world's tulips, making it the unique destination for a wonderful spring experience. Cycle along the 25-mile Flower Route, where flower fields paint the countryside in bright colors. Travelers can also visit Keukenhof Gardens 16 miles southwest of Amsterdam. Considered the world's largest flower garden, Keukenhof features seven million flowering tulips from March to May.
Umm Qais, Jordan
Despite being 75% desert, Jordan's northern highlands burst with brightly colored flowers from March to May. Take a self-guided hike on one of the several ancient trails starting from the ruins of Umm Qais or hire a local guide who can offer cultural and historical context and help you identify wildflowers along the way, including Jordan's endangered national flower, the black iris.
Blue Ridge Mountains, North Carolina
Travelers can find a wealth of plant species in North Carolina's mountains—the most in any similarly sized area in North America. The best known may be the pink and purple rhododendrons that blanket the Blue Ridge Mountains in summer.
Numerous hiking trails leading to the amazing sights are just 30 miles from downtown Asheville. In June, travelers can take the hour-long drive from Asheville to Bakersville to enjoy the North Carolina Rhododendron Festival.
Ghorepani Poon Hill, Nepal
Travelling along the Ghorepani Poon Hill trek in spring offers breathtaking views of the country's iconic rhododendrons. March or April gives travelers the rhododendrons in full bloom, but November gives drier weather. Go with local Sherpa guides and cooks—it's part of the experience.
21. What is probably the best time to see the tulips in Keukenhof Gardens
A. February. B. April. C. June. D. November.
22. Which country considers the black iris as its national flower
A. Jordan. B. America. C. Nepal. D. The Netherlands.
23. What do the last two destinations have in common
A. They are surrounded by deserts. B. They have the most plant species.
C. They offer unique ancient ruins. D. They are known for the same flower.
B
It's a sunny March afternoon at Winchester Village Elementary School in Indianapolis, and teacher Natasha Cummings surprises her second graders when she declares the day's activity: They'll be demonstrating a total solar eclipse (日食) using the real sun, a globe and a moon made out of a plastic ball fixed on a stick.
In a grassy area outside the school, Cummings' eclipse experiment begins: Students take turns holding the globes and casting a shadow with their plastic balls. Cummings directs them to aim the shadow over the spot on the globe where Indianapolis would be. It's a little disorganized at first, but the students quickly figure out how to properly position the moon's shadow over their hometown.
On April 8, 2024, part of America will experience a total solar eclipse, in which the moon entirely covers the sun, darkening the sky so that only an amazing white ring of the sun will be visible. Indianapolis is one of several cities in the path of totality.
"For most of my students, this event is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity since the next one won't happen until 2153," Cummings says. "I hope learning about and witnessing the eclipse will get them excited about science. Above all, I want to show that science is not done by old, gray-haired people in lab coats, necessarily. Instead, it's all around us."
Thomas Hockey, a professor of astronomy at the University of Northern Iowa, says the fact that elementary school teachers like Cummings are now teaching about the eclipse is an indication that science education has improved since he was a child.
"I didn't learn about solar eclipses when I was in grade school, but I still remember my first eclipse experience outside my home in Angola, Indiana. It was on March 7, 1970, nearly a year after the Apollo program had put the first person on the moon, "Hockey recalls. "My interest in space was already developing. But the partial eclipse was one of the reasons I chose to study astronomy."
24. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3
A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers.
C. Add some background information. D. Introduce another topic for discussion.
25. What is Natasha Cummings's main purpose in carrying out the experiment
A. To protect her students. B. To try a new teaching method.
C. To learn about the eclipse. D. To show that science is not mysterious.
26. What message does Thomas Hockey really want to convey in the last paragraph
A. He loved science when he was a child. B. The Apollo program is more important.
C. He regrets never meeting a good teacher. D. The eclipse experience is very inspiring.
27. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. A lesson plan. B. A news report.
C. A guidebook. D. An interview.
C
Some civilizations record their pasts with art or books. Others pass on history through folk songs and dances. In Singapore, the story of how a ramshackle fishing village in Southeast Asia developed into a wealthy and modern country often comes in spoonfuls of peppery pork rib soup or bites of fried egg noodles at its hawker centers (小贩中心).
For visitors, hawker centers might just seem like food courts: Follow your nose or the longest line, then pay a few Singapore dollars for a plate of food to enjoy at a shared table. For Singaporeans, hawker culture is about more than just a good meal. These food centers are symbols of the country’s diversified culture. Hawker centers are so central to Singapore that the country recently led a successful campaign to have the practice listed as the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
To accommodate (容纳) Singapore’s diversified population, the government made sure the hawker centers included Malay, Indian, and Chinese store owners. “Hawker centers are likely the first places where people will try another ethnic group’s food,” says Chee Kien Lai, author of Early Hawkers in Singa pore. “They’re open to everyone. You can get Chinese food or try Indian cuisine and get connected to different cultures and religions.”
After Singapore’s rapid development in the 1970s and 80s, there was a sudden stop in the construction of hawker centers. Everybody was concentrating on becoming a knowledge-based society. By the time the government returned to building new hawker centers in 2011, many people wondered if there were enough people to carry on the tradition.
“Even though locals love eating at hawker centers, few are interested in running a small food shop themselves,” says Chee. “The cost of labor has gone up, with the younger, better-educated generation put off by the long hours and physical work the job requires. As aging hawkers retire, their recipes risk extinction.”
That’s one of the reasons that, in 2019, Singapore’s National Heritage Board put the hawkers forward for UNESCO recognition. “We need to make them our local cultural heroes,” says Tay.
28. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “ramshackle” in paragraph l
A. Poor. B. Big. C. Unfriendly. D. Pretty.
29. For Singaporeans, the hawker centers are__________.
A. a means of passing on their history B. an easy way to earn a living
C. symbols of being a modern country D. just good places for cheap food
30. What can we learn from paragraph 4
A. Singapore has a very diversified population.
B. Hawker centers declined shortly after the 1980s.
C. There is intense competition among the hawkers.
D. Young people enjoy working at the hawker centers.
31. What is Chee Kien Lai worried about
A. The rising prices of food. B. The high cost of labor in Singapore.
C. The disappearance of hawker centers. D. A lack of customers for hawker centers.
D
It is no secret that building a large language model (LLM) requires huge amounts of data. In conventional training, an LLM is fed mountains of texts and encouraged to guess each word before it appears. With each prediction, the LLM makes small adjustments to improve its chances of guessing right. The end result is something that has a certain statistical "understanding" of what is proper language and what isn't.
But an LLM that has only undergone this so-called "pretraining" is not yet particularly useful. When asked for a joke to cheer you up, for instance, the pretrained model GPT-2 just repeated the question back three times. Clearly, improved training methods have to be found.
Here comes the so-called Reinforcement Learning From Human Feedback (RLHF), which normally involves three steps. First, human volunteers are asked to choose which of potential LLM responses might better fit a given situation. This process is repeated many thousands of times over. Then the final data set is used to train a reward model. Finally, the well-trained reward model is employed to train the original LLM. But this way of doing RLHF is quite complex and using two separate LLMs takes time and money.
It now turns out that the same result can be achieved with much less effort. Dr Rafailov and his colleagues, including Archit Sharma and Eric Mitchell, presented this alternative in December 2023 at an AI conference. Their method, Direct Preference Optimisation (DPO), relies on a satisfying mathematical trick.
According to the authors, removing the middleman makes DPO between three and six times more efficient than RLHF, and capable of better performance at tasks such as text summarisation. Its ease of use is already allowing smaller companies to train their own models. "A year ago, only a few world-leading models, such as Google's Gemini and OpenAI's GPT-4, could afford to use RLHF, "says Dr Rafailov. "But as of March 12, eight out of the ten LLMs used DPO."
32. What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The applications of GPT-2. B. The secret of building LLMs.
C. The process of pretraining. D. The limitations of pretrained LLMs.
33. Which of the following words can best describe RLHF
A. Expensive. B. Efficient. C. Useless. D. Simple.
34. What can be learned about DPO from Dr Rafailov's words
A. It has to use more LLMs. B. It is much more popular than RLHF.
C. It is still too complex to use. D. It is not cheap enough for small companies.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. DPO, the Perfect LLM Training Method
B. The Development of Large Language Models
C. A Brief Introduction to LLM Training Methods
D. GPT-4, the Most Intelligent Large Language Model
第二节（共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Studies have shown that gardening and garden-based activities have positive impacts on childhood development, including better eating habits and stress relief. ___36___ . Here are some tips on how to create a great garden with your kids.
Involve them from the very beginning
Take your kids to the store and give them options to pick from. This will allow them to select plants that they can handle and are appropriate for your home conditions. Then give them tasks suitable to their age. For example, younger kids can be assigned to water plants or just cut yellow and brown leaves. ___37___ . Although you might want to step in when you see your children feeding a plant with too much water, some of the most lasting lessons come from just trying things out.
Pick the perfect plant
To make sure your garden is a success, assess both your home environment and your kids’ attention span. ___38___ .
Instead, think about your goal: Growing something tasty Filling your home with flowers Then ask your kids to choose plants in their favorite colors.
___39___
Another way to get kids excited about gardening—and to raise lifelong nature lovers in the process—is to adopt eco-friendly methods. Seeds from ripe peppers or tomatoes can be saved and planted. Potato “eyes” can be planted and grow into potato plants.
Reuse household items as planting vessels (容器). Almost anything can be used as planters, from old food containers to kids’ toys. ___40___ . For example, a plastic bottle in front of a hot window could be damaged by the heat soon.
A. Above all, let them make mistakes
B. Use leftovers to feed hungry plants
C. Make gardens environment-friendly
D. Taking care of the plant is a great way to learn
E. Gardening may even help them become better science students
F. Just make sure that your planters will hold up in the environment
G. Don’t just pick up a plant because you like how it looks or the price is right
第三部分 语言运用（共两节, 满分30分）
第一节（共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 2001, a storm hit Houston. More than 70, 000 houses were flooded, including the ___41___ of Sarah Feldman and her family.
At the time, they were on vacation in another city, so they didn’t know what kind of ___42___ they were going to face when they got home. But then Feldman’s grandpa called with ___43___ news: All of her books had been destroyed in the flooding.
Feldman was 14 at the time and loved ___44___ books. To cheer her up, Feldman’s father took her to the library at Yale University, where she ___45___ a conversation with Bill Carver, a man who worked in the library. When she told him about her collected books being destroyed, he ___46___ that he would send her a book in the mail, so she could restart her collection.
After ___47___ to Houston, she received his ___48___ , titled The Medieval Art Book by Barbara A. Shailor. Carver included a note that ___49___ : Dear Sarah, this is a rather scholarly book, which may be ____50____ mature for your age, but I thought it might help you shape your ____51____ library collection. And as the years progress, this book may grow in ____52____ to you.
Feldman, who is in her 30s now, has fallen in love with medieval art since ____53____ that book. She has tried to find Carver years later, with no ____54____ .
“If I could speak to him today,” says Feldman. “I would like to tell him how much that small gesture has ____55____ my life.”
41. A. book B. home C. city D. farm
42. A. decision B. judgement C. damage D. fact
43. A. great B. informal C. national D. bad
44. A. collecting B. hiding C. writing D. tearing
45. A. put off B. broke up C. cut in D. struck up
46. A. realized B. wished C. promised D. forgot
47. A. returning B. moving C. appealing D. adapting
48. A. call B. gift C. welcome D. guest
49. A. declared B. criticised C. read D. declined
50. A. harmfully B. physically C. merely D. slightly
51. A. new B. total C. meaningless D. strange
52. A. height B. value C. investment D. length
53. A. buying B. receiving C. publishing D. discovering
54. A. guidance B. help C. money D. success
55. A. changed B. hurt C. destroyed D. saved
第二节（共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Where the Sidewalk Ends is a book full of fascinating poems written ___56___ Shel Silverstein. It contains more than 100 of all kinds of poems-some are happy, some are funny and some are ___57___ (excite). Each poem comes with a nice drawing by the author ___58___ (he). Some of the pictures are very silly.
My favourite poem ___59___ (call) Snowman. It is about ___60___ happy snowman, which always wants to see July. Other animals say that he will melt (融化) by then. But the snowman wants to see July so ___61___ (bad) that no matter what other people say, it does not bother the snowman one bit. This poem never says if he actually sees July. So you can only guess.
Another poem I really like is Santa and the reindeer. This poem is about Christmas. Santa has to give ___62___ (variety) presents to the children while one of his reindeer is always asking what’s for him. I guess Santa gets really annoyed because he puts a flea (虱子) in the reindeer’s ear. And the next thing you know, they fly away and are ready ___63___ (continue) their journey through the world handing out presents to all the children ___64___ have behaved well.
This book is fun to read because of all those unique poems. The ____65____ (character) of this book do many unusual things such as selling sisters, talking to fish and a lot more.
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
66. 假定你是李华，市博物馆将于下周举办“中国华服周”活动。请给你的留学生好友Lily写封邮件，内容包括:
1. 活动目的;
2. 具体安排;
3. 邀请她参加。
注意: 1, 写作词数应为80个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Lily,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
67. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
For the first two years in primary school, I was an extremely shy girl. I had a few friends, but it wasn’t easy for me to be very outgoing, even if I knew them well. If I was with strangers, I was even quieter. So I was not good at meeting new people, I was in constant fear that I would do or say something wrong. As a result, on our school’s annual play day, I usually sat in a remote corner to watch the performance alone, although I hoped to sit in the front rows to see the actors more clearly.
One day in the third grade, my teacher Mrs. Sally called me into her office and said, “Oh, Mary, you’re great at memorizing things, and you have such a sweet voice. You are perfect for Jenny!”
But I bowed my head and dared not speak. The teacher saw this and then said, “Of course, plenty of girls would love the role, and I could find somebody else. But I hope you could try it for me. I had you in mind for Jenny while writing the play! If you really don’t want to, you can turn down the offer.”
My mind was running wild when Mrs. Sally, whom I loved and admired, asked me to play the role.
“She believes in me!” I thought.
Just then I looked up and happened to see on the wall a poster I had never noticed before. It showed a shooting star and read, “If you reach for the stars, you might at least grab a piece of the moon.”
Realizing it was time to throw off my shy mask and show the world who I really was, I said firmly, “Okay, I’ll try my best, Mrs. Sally!”
In the following five months, Mrs. Sally taught me how to put on makeup, memorize lines, create costumes and so on.
注意: 1. 续写词数应为150个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The big day arrived at last.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
At the moment, Mrs. Sally noticed my nervousness and approached me.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________高二英语试卷
考生注意:
1. 本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分, 考试时间120分钟。
2, 答题前, 考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。
3. 考生作答时, 请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后, 用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑; 非选择题请用直径 0.5 毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答, 超出答题区域书写的答案无效, 在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。
4. 本卷命题范围: 人教版必修第一册至选择性必修第三册。
第一部分 听力（共两节, 满分30分）
第一节（共5小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有 10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. When will the manager come to his office tomorrow morning
A. At 9:30. B. At 10:45. C. At 11:00.
【答案】B
【原文】W: Do you think the staff manager could see me tomorrow before 9:30
M: He won't be in till 10:45, so the earliest would be 11.
W: Is 12:40 any good
M: Yes, I'll make a note of it.
2. Why has the man been away for a long time
A. He went to Glasgow. B. He lost his job. C. He was sick.
【答案】A
【原文】W: We haven’t seen you for ages. Have you been ill
M: No, I’ve been up north for a month.
W: Where was that
M: Glasgow. I got back the day before yesterday.
3. Where are the speakers
A. In a bakery. B. In a restaurant. C. At home.
【答案】C
【原文】M: Good morning. What’s for breakfast
W: Morning. The usual. Eggs, toast, and bacon. Coffee, if you want. The sugar is on the table. The milk’s in the refrigerator.
4. How does the man feel now
A. Excited. B. Sleepy. C. Relaxed.
【答案】B
原文】W: Why are you not energetic
M: I shouldn’t have stayed up so late watching the exciting game. I guess I’ll just have to pay the price and be sleepy.
5. What is the most probable relationship between the speakers
A. Colleagues. B. Driver and passenger. C. A couple.
【答案】A
【原文】W: Sorry, but I didn’t quite catch that.
M: I said, “Do you want a lift ”
W: Isn’t it out of your way
M: No, it’s on my way home.
第二节（共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. What is the woman doing
A. Making an outing plan.
B. Entertaining some friends.
C. Reminding the man of an appointment,
7. Who did the man plan to meet tonight
A. Jim. B. Frank. C. Adrian,
【答案】6. C 7. B
原文】W: Don’t forget, Jim and Adrian are coming over tonight.
M: I thought they were coming next week.
W: No. Tonight’s the night. I told you at least half a dozen times!
M: Well, I forgot.
W: You forget all too easily if you ask me.
M: Anyway, I’ve made other plans.
M: I told Frank I'd help him work on his car.
W: Like what
W: Then, you’ll just have to tell him you can't come.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. What is the woman looking for
A. Envelopes. B. Photographs. C. Art supplies.
9. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In a studio. B. In a store. C. In a post office.
【答案】8. A 9. B
【原文】M: Hi, welcome to Royal Stationery. How may I help you
W: Well, I was wondering if you could help me find something. I have to mail some photographs, so I need some large envelopes that won’t bend.
M: Yeah, we do. It’s on the 3rd floor, right by the art supplies. Let me show you. Follow me, please.
W: Oh, great. And do you know if there’s a post office nearby I need to send the photos today.
M: Actually, we offer shipping service here.
W: That’s perfect. By the way, how can I track my order then
M: We’ll give you a track number, and you can check it online.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
10. What does Grace ask Jack to do
A. Fix the copy machine.
B. Attend a staff meeting.
C. Photocopy some documents,
11. What do we know about the Marple office
A. It is not faraway. B. It is a repair shop. C. It is the meeting room.
12. What does Jack agree to do
A. Repair the machine soon.
B. Receive more training.
C. Go to the office in Marple.
【答案】10. C 11. A 12. C
【原文】W: Good morning, Jack. Can you photocopy these reports for me, please I need them for the staff meeting tomorrow morning.
M: Hi, Grace. Unfortunately, the copy machine is out of order. The repairman is supposed to be coming this afternoon to look after it, but this is the second time it has broken down in the past two weeks, so it may not be fixable.
W: Oh, man! Would you be able to run to our office in Marple It is only a ten-minute drive. I just need to make sure I am prepared for this meeting.
M: Yeah, I can do that. I actually did my training at the Marple office, so I am familiar with it. I can leave right now.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
13. Why does the woman talk to the man
A. To make a reservation.
B. To get the latest information.
C. To confirm an order.
14. When was the project originally scheduled to start
A. On Monday. B. On Tuesday. C. On Wednesday.
15. Who is Richard
A. The client. B. The supplier. C. The speakers' colleague.
16. How long might it actually take to finish the job
A. Five days. B. Four days. C. Three days.
【答案】13 B 14. A 15. C 16. B
【原文】W: Hello. I’d like an update on the Mondvale Hotel job. Are we still on schedule to begin on Monday
M: No, I’m afraid that there has been some delay in getting the decoration materials. It looks like we may be held up until Wednesday. Oh, I forgot it. Richard just got off the phone with the supplier. It looks like everything will arrive on Monday afternoon, so we could actually begin the job on Tuesday.
W: That's good news. I’ll call the client this morning and let them know.
M: You should also remind them that we will begin working on the guest rooms first and work our way toward the hall and first-floor reception areas last. We'll send a large crew so the work can be finished quickly.
W: How long do you think it will take to complete the job
M: We can probably be finished on Friday, as we originally planned.
W: Excellent. They’re a new client with several locations in our city, so I want things to go smoothly. I’m sure there will be more work with them in the long run if all goes well.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17. What is the speaker's book about
A. Website design. B. Women's basketball. C. Men's football.
18. When did the speaker have the idea to build a website
A. After university. B. At university. C. At high school.
19. Why did the speaker change the name of her website
A. It wasn't successful at first.
B. The original name wasn't suitable.
C. She wanted to include other games.
20. What is unable to be found at the website
A. Childcare. B. Computer games. C. Make-up and fashion.
【答案】17. B 18. C 19. B 20. A
【原文】
W: Hi! My name's Britt Foxton, and I'm the founder of a website devoted to women's basketball, and I've also just written a book on the same subject.
But first up, let me tell you how I got started with the site. Although it really got going once I was at university, it actually started out as a high-school project, you know, a "design a website" kind of thing. But it wasn't like anyone expected it to become real or anything. I designed a site about girls' basketball, which I was passionate about, and called it femalebasket, com. I knew the name wasn't right, and before it got really successful I changed it to and that was a really good move.
And although it started with basketball, the site's grown to include other games as well. It features a variety of articles and reviews on everything ranging from basketball to computer games, plus some more traditionally "girly" material as well. But the coverage of team sports is at the heart of it, anything about make-up or fashion is just secondary to that.
第二部分 阅读（共两节, 满分50分）
第一节（共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
From the gardens of Iceland to the mountains of Nepal, here are four places to celebrate abundance and beauty in the natural world.
Keukenhof Gardens, the Netherlands
The Netherlands produces nearly 90% of the world's tulips, making it the unique destination for a wonderful spring experience. Cycle along the 25-mile Flower Route, where flower fields paint the countryside in bright colors. Travelers can also visit Keukenhof Gardens 16 miles southwest of Amsterdam. Considered the world's largest flower garden, Keukenhof features seven million flowering tulips from March to May.
Umm Qais, Jordan
Despite being 75% desert, Jordan's northern highlands burst with brightly colored flowers from March to May. Take a self-guided hike on one of the several ancient trails starting from the ruins of Umm Qais or hire a local guide who can offer cultural and historical context and help you identify wildflowers along the way, including Jordan's endangered national flower, the black iris.
Blue Ridge Mountains, North Carolina
Travelers can find a wealth of plant species in North Carolina's mountains—the most in any similarly sized area in North America. The best known may be the pink and purple rhododendrons that blanket the Blue Ridge Mountains in summer.
Numerous hiking trails leading to the amazing sights are just 30 miles from downtown Asheville. In June, travelers can take the hour-long drive from Asheville to Bakersville to enjoy the North Carolina Rhododendron Festival.
Ghorepani Poon Hill, Nepal
Travelling along the Ghorepani Poon Hill trek in spring offers breathtaking views of the country's iconic rhododendrons. March or April gives travelers the rhododendrons in full bloom, but November gives drier weather. Go with local Sherpa guides and cooks—it's part of the experience.
21. What is probably the best time to see the tulips in Keukenhof Gardens
A. February. B. April. C. June. D. November.
22. Which country considers the black iris as its national flower
A. Jordan. B. America. C. Nepal. D. The Netherlands.
23. What do the last two destinations have in common
A. They are surrounded by deserts. B. They have the most plant species.
C. They offer unique ancient ruins. D. They are known for the same flower.
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D
B
It's a sunny March afternoon at Winchester Village Elementary School in Indianapolis, and teacher Natasha Cummings surprises her second graders when she declares the day's activity: They'll be demonstrating a total solar eclipse (日食) using the real sun, a globe and a moon made out of a plastic ball fixed on a stick.
In a grassy area outside the school, Cummings' eclipse experiment begins: Students take turns holding the globes and casting a shadow with their plastic balls. Cummings directs them to aim the shadow over the spot on the globe where Indianapolis would be. It's a little disorganized at first, but the students quickly figure out how to properly position the moon's shadow over their hometown.
On April 8, 2024, part of America will experience a total solar eclipse, in which the moon entirely covers the sun, darkening the sky so that only an amazing white ring of the sun will be visible. Indianapolis is one of several cities in the path of totality.
"For most of my students, this event is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity since the next one won't happen until 2153," Cummings says. "I hope learning about and witnessing the eclipse will get them excited about science. Above all, I want to show that science is not done by old, gray-haired people in lab coats, necessarily. Instead, it's all around us."
Thomas Hockey, a professor of astronomy at the University of Northern Iowa, says the fact that elementary school teachers like Cummings are now teaching about the eclipse is an indication that science education has improved since he was a child.
"I didn't learn about solar eclipses when I was in grade school, but I still remember my first eclipse experience outside my home in Angola, Indiana. It was on March 7, 1970, nearly a year after the Apollo program had put the first person on the moon, "Hockey recalls. "My interest in space was already developing. But the partial eclipse was one of the reasons I chose to study astronomy."
24. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3
A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers.
C. Add some background information. D. Introduce another topic for discussion.
25. What is Natasha Cummings's main purpose in carrying out the experiment
A. To protect her students. B. To try a new teaching method.
C. To learn about the eclipse. D. To show that science is not mysterious.
26. What message does Thomas Hockey really want to convey in the last paragraph
A. He loved science when he was a child. B. The Apollo program is more important.
C. He regrets never meeting a good teacher. D. The eclipse experience is very inspiring.
27. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. A lesson plan. B. A news report.
C. A guidebook. D. An interview.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. D 27. B
C
Some civilizations record their pasts with art or books. Others pass on history through folk songs and dances. In Singapore, the story of how a ramshackle fishing village in Southeast Asia developed into a wealthy and modern country often comes in spoonfuls of peppery pork rib soup or bites of fried egg noodles at its hawker centers (小贩中心).
For visitors, hawker centers might just seem like food courts: Follow your nose or the longest line, then pay a few Singapore dollars for a plate of food to enjoy at a shared table. For Singaporeans, hawker culture is about more than just a good meal. These food centers are symbols of the country’s diversified culture. Hawker centers are so central to Singapore that the country recently led a successful campaign to have the practice listed as the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
To accommodate (容纳) Singapore’s diversified population, the government made sure the hawker centers included Malay, Indian, and Chinese store owners. “Hawker centers are likely the first places where people will try another ethnic group’s food,” says Chee Kien Lai, author of Early Hawkers in Singa pore. “They’re open to everyone. You can get Chinese food or try Indian cuisine and get connected to different cultures and religions.”
After Singapore’s rapid development in the 1970s and 80s, there was a sudden stop in the construction of hawker centers. Everybody was concentrating on becoming a knowledge-based society. By the time the government returned to building new hawker centers in 2011, many people wondered if there were enough people to carry on the tradition.
“Even though locals love eating at hawker centers, few are interested in running a small food shop themselves,” says Chee. “The cost of labor has gone up, with the younger, better-educated generation put off by the long hours and physical work the job requires. As aging hawkers retire, their recipes risk extinction.”
That’s one of the reasons that, in 2019, Singapore’s National Heritage Board put the hawkers forward for UNESCO recognition. “We need to make them our local cultural heroes,” says Tay.
28. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “ramshackle” in paragraph l
A. Poor. B. Big. C. Unfriendly. D. Pretty.
29. For Singaporeans, the hawker centers are__________.
A. a means of passing on their history B. an easy way to earn a living
C. symbols of being a modern country D. just good places for cheap food
30. What can we learn from paragraph 4
A. Singapore has a very diversified population.
B. Hawker centers declined shortly after the 1980s.
C. There is intense competition among the hawkers.
D. Young people enjoy working at the hawker centers.
31. What is Chee Kien Lai worried about
A. The rising prices of food. B. The high cost of labor in Singapore.
C. The disappearance of hawker centers. D. A lack of customers for hawker centers.
【答案】28. A 29. A 30. B 31. C
D
It is no secret that building a large language model (LLM) requires huge amounts of data. In conventional training, an LLM is fed mountains of texts and encouraged to guess each word before it appears. With each prediction, the LLM makes small adjustments to improve its chances of guessing right. The end result is something that has a certain statistical "understanding" of what is proper language and what isn't.
But an LLM that has only undergone this so-called "pretraining" is not yet particularly useful. When asked for a joke to cheer you up, for instance, the pretrained model GPT-2 just repeated the question back three times. Clearly, improved training methods have to be found.
Here comes the so-called Reinforcement Learning From Human Feedback (RLHF), which normally involves three steps. First, human volunteers are asked to choose which of potential LLM responses might better fit a given situation. This process is repeated many thousands of times over. Then the final data set is used to train a reward model. Finally, the well-trained reward model is employed to train the original LLM. But this way of doing RLHF is quite complex and using two separate LLMs takes time and money.
It now turns out that the same result can be achieved with much less effort. Dr Rafailov and his colleagues, including Archit Sharma and Eric Mitchell, presented this alternative in December 2023 at an AI conference. Their method, Direct Preference Optimisation (DPO), relies on a satisfying mathematical trick.
According to the authors, removing the middleman makes DPO between three and six times more efficient than RLHF, and capable of better performance at tasks such as text summarisation. Its ease of use is already allowing smaller companies to train their own models. "A year ago, only a few world-leading models, such as Google's Gemini and OpenAI's GPT-4, could afford to use RLHF, "says Dr Rafailov. "But as of March 12, eight out of the ten LLMs used DPO."
32. What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The applications of GPT-2. B. The secret of building LLMs.
C. The process of pretraining. D. The limitations of pretrained LLMs.
33. Which of the following words can best describe RLHF
A. Expensive. B. Efficient. C. Useless. D. Simple.
34. What can be learned about DPO from Dr Rafailov's words
A. It has to use more LLMs. B. It is much more popular than RLHF.
C. It is still too complex to use. D. It is not cheap enough for small companies.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. DPO, the Perfect LLM Training Method
B. The Development of Large Language Models
C. A Brief Introduction to LLM Training Methods
D. GPT-4, the Most Intelligent Large Language Model
【答案】32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C
第二节（共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Studies have shown that gardening and garden-based activities have positive impacts on childhood development, including better eating habits and stress relief. ___36___ . Here are some tips on how to create a great garden with your kids.
Involve them from the very beginning
Take your kids to the store and give them options to pick from. This will allow them to select plants that they can handle and are appropriate for your home conditions. Then give them tasks suitable to their age. For example, younger kids can be assigned to water plants or just cut yellow and brown leaves. ___37___ . Although you might want to step in when you see your children feeding a plant with too much water, some of the most lasting lessons come from just trying things out.
Pick the perfect plant
To make sure your garden is a success, assess both your home environment and your kids’ attention span. ___38___ .
Instead, think about your goal: Growing something tasty Filling your home with flowers Then ask your kids to choose plants in their favorite colors.
___39___
Another way to get kids excited about gardening—and to raise lifelong nature lovers in the process—is to adopt eco-friendly methods. Seeds from ripe peppers or tomatoes can be saved and planted. Potato “eyes” can be planted and grow into potato plants.
Reuse household items as planting vessels (容器). Almost anything can be used as planters, from old food containers to kids’ toys. ___40___ . For example, a plastic bottle in front of a hot window could be damaged by the heat soon.
A. Above all, let them make mistakes
B. Use leftovers to feed hungry plants
C. Make gardens environment-friendly
D. Taking care of the plant is a great way to learn
E. Gardening may even help them become better science students
F. Just make sure that your planters will hold up in the environment
G. Don’t just pick up a plant because you like how it looks or the price is right
【答案】36. E 37. A 38. G 39. C 40. F
第三部分 语言运用（共两节, 满分30分）
第一节（共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 2001, a storm hit Houston. More than 70, 000 houses were flooded, including the ___41___ of Sarah Feldman and her family.
At the time, they were on vacation in another city, so they didn’t know what kind of ___42___ they were going to face when they got home. But then Feldman’s grandpa called with ___43___ news: All of her books had been destroyed in the flooding.
Feldman was 14 at the time and loved ___44___ books. To cheer her up, Feldman’s father took her to the library at Yale University, where she ___45___ a conversation with Bill Carver, a man who worked in the library. When she told him about her collected books being destroyed, he ___46___ that he would send her a book in the mail, so she could restart her collection.
After ___47___ to Houston, she received his ___48___ , titled The Medieval Art Book by Barbara A. Shailor. Carver included a note that ___49___ : Dear Sarah, this is a rather scholarly book, which may be ____50____ mature for your age, but I thought it might help you shape your ____51____ library collection. And as the years progress, this book may grow in ____52____ to you.
Feldman, who is in her 30s now, has fallen in love with medieval art since ____53____ that book. She has tried to find Carver years later, with no ____54____ .
“If I could speak to him today,” says Feldman. “I would like to tell him how much that small gesture has ____55____ my life.”
41. A. book B. home C. city D. farm
42. A. decision B. judgement C. damage D. fact
43. A. great B. informal C. national D. bad
44. A. collecting B. hiding C. writing D. tearing
45. A. put off B. broke up C. cut in D. struck up
46. A. realized B. wished C. promised D. forgot
47. A. returning B. moving C. appealing D. adapting
48. A. call B. gift C. welcome D. guest
49. A. declared B. criticised C. read D. declined
50. A. harmfully B. physically C. merely D. slightly
51. A. new B. total C. meaningless D. strange
52. A. height B. value C. investment D. length
53. A. buying B. receiving C. publishing D. discovering
54. A. guidance B. help C. money D. success
55. A. changed B. hurt C. destroyed D. saved
【答案】41. B 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. D 51. A 52. B 53. B 54. D 55. A
第二节（共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Where the Sidewalk Ends is a book full of fascinating poems written ___56___ Shel Silverstein. It contains more than 100 of all kinds of poems-some are happy, some are funny and some are ___57___ (excite). Each poem comes with a nice drawing by the author ___58___ (he). Some of the pictures are very silly.
My favourite poem ___59___ (call) Snowman. It is about ___60___ happy snowman, which always wants to see July. Other animals say that he will melt (融化) by then. But the snowman wants to see July so ___61___ (bad) that no matter what other people say, it does not bother the snowman one bit. This poem never says if he actually sees July. So you can only guess.
Another poem I really like is Santa and the reindeer. This poem is about Christmas. Santa has to give ___62___ (variety) presents to the children while one of his reindeer is always asking what’s for him. I guess Santa gets really annoyed because he puts a flea (虱子) in the reindeer’s ear. And the next thing you know, they fly away and are ready ___63___ (continue) their journey through the world handing out presents to all the children ___64___ have behaved well.
This book is fun to read because of all those unique poems. The ____65____ (character) of this book do many unusual things such as selling sisters, talking to fish and a lot more.
【答案】56. by 57. exciting
58. himself
59. is called
60. a 61. badly
62. various##varied
63. to continue
64. who##that
65. characters
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
66. 假定你是李华，市博物馆将于下周举办“中国华服周”活动。请给你的留学生好友Lily写封邮件，内容包括:
1. 活动目的;
2. 具体安排;
3. 邀请她参加。
注意: 1, 写作词数应为80个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Lily,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Lily,
There will be a free fashion show in the City Museum next week, which focuses on the development of Chinese clothing during more than two thousand years.
The show starts on Monday next week and will last seven days. According to the poster, visitors can even try some of the traditional clothes, such as the famous "horse face skirt", and join in the catwalks with professional models. I think it is a very good opportunity to learn more about Chinese history and culture. If you are interested, we can go there on the weekend.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
67. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
For the first two years in primary school, I was an extremely shy girl. I had a few friends, but it wasn’t easy for me to be very outgoing, even if I knew them well. If I was with strangers, I was even quieter. So I was not good at meeting new people, I was in constant fear that I would do or say something wrong. As a result, on our school’s annual play day, I usually sat in a remote corner to watch the performance alone, although I hoped to sit in the front rows to see the actors more clearly.
One day in the third grade, my teacher Mrs. Sally called me into her office and said, “Oh, Mary, you’re great at memorizing things, and you have such a sweet voice. You are perfect for Jenny!”
But I bowed my head and dared not speak. The teacher saw this and then said, “Of course, plenty of girls would love the role, and I could find somebody else. But I hope you could try it for me. I had you in mind for Jenny while writing the play! If you really don’t want to, you can turn down the offer.”
My mind was running wild when Mrs. Sally, whom I loved and admired, asked me to play the role.
“She believes in me!” I thought.
Just then I looked up and happened to see on the wall a poster I had never noticed before. It showed a shooting star and read, “If you reach for the stars, you might at least grab a piece of the moon.”
Realizing it was time to throw off my shy mask and show the world who I really was, I said firmly, “Okay, I’ll try my best, Mrs. Sally!”
In the following five months, Mrs. Sally taught me how to put on makeup, memorize lines, create costumes and so on.
注意: 1. 续写词数应为150个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The big day arrived at last.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
At the moment, Mrs. Sally noticed my nervousness and approached me.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
The big day arrived at last. I hurried all the way to the backstage of the school hall, where cameras were lighting up in all directions. Looking back on the five months of hard work, I found a new and confident person inside me. I eventually became a much more daring and outgoing person than I had been before. However, when I was about to go onto stage, my heart kept pounding so hard that my throat tightened and my knees felt weak.
At the moment, Mrs. Sally noticed my nervousness and approached me. “It doesn’t matter how you do tonight,” she comforted me. “You’ve already shown how wonderful you are.” Looking into Mrs. Sally’s shining blue eyes, I calmed down and then walked onto the stage with her warm words like a ray of sunshine. When I finished my performance, the audience burst into applause. Facing the cheering audience, I knew that it was Mrs. Sally’s encouragement that helped me find the confidence to succeed.
