Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．moral adj.道德的；道义上的
n．品行；道德；寓意
2．dilemma n．进退两难的境地；困境
3．moral dilemma 道德困境
4．entrust vt.委托；交付
5．tuition n．(小组)教学；讲课
6．tuition fees 学费
7．physician n．医师；(尤指)内科医生
8．resident physician 住院医师
9．colleague n．同事；同僚
10．faraway adj.遥远的
11．kindergarten n．学前班；幼儿园
12．insurance n．保险；保险业
13．pole n．(行星的)极；地极；杆子，柱
14．lap n．(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈
15．café n．咖啡馆；小餐馆
16．waitress n．(餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者
17．pregnant adj.怀孕的；妊娠的
18．disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖
n．伪装；化装用具
19．maple n．枫树；槭树
20．cart n．手推车；运货马车
21．spill vt.& vi.(spilt/spilled，spilt/spilled)(使)洒出；(使)溢出
22．might n．力量；威力
23．fable n．寓言；寓言故事；无稽之谈
v．虚构；讲故事
24．court n．(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭
25．per prep.每；每一
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．virtue n．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
2．faint vi.昏倒；晕厥
adj.不清楚的；微弱的；可能性不大的
3．illustrate vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图
4．precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的
5．fee n．专业服务费；报酬
6．union n．协会；联合会；工会
7．hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用
n．租借；租用
8．clinic n．诊所；门诊部
9．decade n．十年；十年期
10．elsewhere adv.在别处；去别处
11．publish vt.发表(作品)；出版
12．staff n．员工；全体职员
13．principle n．道德原则；法则；原则
14．passive adj.被动的；顺从的
15．whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语
n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
16．midnight n．子夜；午夜
17．bite vt.& vi.(bit，bitten)咬；叮；蜇
n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤
18．lip n．嘴唇
19．chairman n．主席；主持人；董事长
20．chain n．一连串(人或事)；链子；链条
21．limp vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走
22．tear n．眼泪；泪水
v．撕裂；撕开
23．despair n．绝望
vi.绝望；感到无望
24．income n．收入；收益
25．therefore adv.因此；所以
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．marriage n．结婚；婚姻→marry v．(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶
2．majority n．大部分；大多数→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．主修课程；少校
3．complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨；投诉
4．respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→response n．反应；回答；回复
5．scholarship n．奖学金→scholar n．学者
6．reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejection n．拒绝接受；否决
7．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．约会；任命；委任→appointed adj.约定的；指定的
8．elect vt.选举；推选→election n．选举；推选；当选
9．tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于→tendency n．趋势；趋向
10．retire vt.& vi.退休；退职；退出→retirement n．退休→retired adj.退休的
11．import n．进口；进口商品 vt.进口；输入；引进→export n．出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播
12．scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓→scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的
13．sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的；敏锐的；(方向)急转的；(声音)突然而响亮的 adv.整点地→sharply adv.急剧地；严厉地→sharpen v．(使)变得锋利；(使)提高
14．energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→energy n．精力；活力；能量→energetically adv.积极地；精力充沛地
15．replace vt.接替；取代；更换→replacement n．更换；替换的人/物
16．accident n．事故；车祸；失事→accidental adj.意外的；偶然的→accidentally adv.偶然地
17．operation n．手术；企业；经营；(有组织的)活动，行动；业务→operate vt.操作；控制；使运转 vi.做手术；经营；运转→operator n．操作员；接线员；经营者
18．assist vt.帮助；援助→assistant n．助理；助手→assistance n．帮助；援助
19．harm n．& vt.伤害；损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmfully adv.有害地→harmless adj.无害的
20．flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的→flexibly adv.灵活地→flexibility n．灵活性
21．tension n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑→tense adj.紧张的；(尤指肌肉、身体)拉紧的 n．(动词的)时态
22．memory n．记忆力；回忆→memoriz(s)e vt.记住；记忆
23．saving n．节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款→save vt.救；节省；储蓄
积累——构词法 学一法 会一类
1．动词后缀-ize/-ise：表示“成为；使”或“以……方式说/对待”，其所构成的动词一般表示抽象动作，如memorize(记忆)，recognize(认出)，criticize(批评)，advertise(做广告)，realize(实现)，organize(组织)，socialize(交际，使适应社会)等。
2．名词后缀-ing：此类名词有三种意义：①表示行为、状态及情况，aging(老化)，swimming(游泳)；②表示与行为有关的物品，如building(建筑物)，clothing(衣物)，carving(雕像；雕刻品)；③表示某种行业或某种方法，如printing(印刷术)，fishing(渔业)，farming(农事，农业)。
(1)He specializes(special) in chemistry and has made a number of new discoveries.
(2)She sincerely apologized(apology) for her rude behavior and promised to be more considerate in the future.
(3)As soon as I entered the office，I received a warm greeting(greet) from my colleagues.
(4)He majored in marketing at university and now works as a brand manager for an international company.市场营销
(5)She carefully selected the bedding for her new bedroom，choosing soft，cotton sheets and a cozy pillow.床上用品，寝具
1．exclude /Ik'sklu d/ vt.把……排斥在外；防止……进入；不包括；排除
2．hatred /'heItrId/ n．仇恨；憎恨；厌恶
3．marvellous (NAmE marvelous) /'mɑ v l s/ adj.极好的；非凡的
4．underlying / nd 'laII / adj.隐含的；潜在的
5．depict /dI'pIkt/ vt.描述；描写；描绘
6．viable /'vaI bl/ adj.可实施的；切实可行的
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关
2．tend to do sth 易于做某事；往往会发生某事
3．first aid急救
4．pass away去世
5．in memory of作为对……的纪念
6．trip over被……绊倒
7．in tears流着泪；含着泪
8．in despair处于绝望中
9．a great deal (of) 大量
10．choose to do sth选择做某事
11．care for照顾；喜欢
12．succeed in doing sth成功地做某事
13．be responsible for对……负责
14．make an attempt to do sth尝试做某事；试图做某事
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．To a person nothing is more precious than their life...(“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义)
对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了……
2．She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do)她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
3．Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.(having done作状语)
虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。
4．Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died,22 April 1983.(not...until...)林医生坚守在岗位上，直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天。
5．Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.(whose引导的定语从句)如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，而且总是期待别人来解决他们的问题，那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。
体验——析真题长句 知高考难度
(2024·新课标Ⅰ)Further，the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road，by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
[句式分析] 此句是主从复合句。influenced...Road是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词a journey；by which是“介词＋which”引导的定语从句。
[尝试翻译] 此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园将带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程，丝绸和许多植物物种都是通过古丝绸之路首次来到英国的。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每空1分，共12分)
1．moral adj.道德的；道义上的 n．品行；道德；寓意
2．dilemma n．进退两难的境地；困境
3．entrust vt.委托；交付
4．colleague n．同事；同僚
5．kindergarten n．学前班；幼儿园
6．insurance n．保险；保险业
7．pregnant adj.怀孕的；妊娠的
8．disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖 n．伪装；化装用具
9．spill vt.& vi.(使)洒出；(使)溢出
10．might n．力量；威力
Ⅱ.重点单词(每空1分，共15分)
1．virtue n．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
2．precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的
3．union n．协会；联合会；工会
4．hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n．租借；租用
5．decade n．十年；十年期
6．publish vt.发表(作品)；出版
7．staff n．员工；全体职员
8．principle n．道德原则；法则；原则
9．whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
10．midnight n．子夜；午夜
11．bite vt.& vi.咬；叮；蜇 n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤
12．tear n．眼泪；泪水 v．撕裂；撕开
13．despair n．绝望 vi.绝望；感到无望
14．income n．收入；收益
15．therefore adv.因此；所以
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每空1分，共25分)
1．marriage n．结婚；婚姻→marry v．(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶
2．scholarship n．奖学金→scholar n．学者
3．tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于→tendency n．趋势；趋向
4．sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→sharply adv.急剧地；严厉地→sharpen v．(使)变得锋利；(使)提高
5．accident n．事故；车祸；失事→accidental adj.意外的；偶然的→accidentally adv.偶然地
6．memory n．记忆力；回忆→memoriz(s)e vt.记住；记忆
7．harm n．& vt.伤害；损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的
8．tension n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑→tense adj.紧张的；(尤指肌肉、身体)拉紧的 n．(动词的)时态
9．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．约会；任命；委任→appointed adj.约定的；指定的
10．flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的→flexibly adv.灵活地→flexibility n．灵活性
Ⅳ.核心短语(每空1分，共10分)
1．carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关
2．tend to do sth 易于做某事；往往会发生某事
3．pass away去世
4．in memory of作为对……的纪念
5．trip over被……绊倒
6．in tears流着泪；含着泪
7．in despair处于绝望中
8．a great deal (of) 大量
9．choose to do sth选择做某事
10．succeed in doing sth成功地做某事
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每空1分，共22分)
1．Girls who major in English in our department are in the majority(major)．
2．I am writing the letter of complaint(complain) to complain about/of your poor service when dining in your restaurant yesterday.
3．Congratulations on your being elected as chairman of the union in the election.(elect)
4．At the sight of the scary scene，the young girl was too scared to move.(scare)
5．Doctors immediately operated on the injured operator who soon recovered from the operation under the tender care of the nurses.(operate)
6．The shop assistant(assist) came to my assistance(assist) and assisted me in choosing a satisfying birthday gift for my friend.
7．He is an energetic young man，who always works energetically.(energy)
8．The retired resident physician moved to live in countryside after his retirement.(retire)
9．The manager immediately responded to the customer’s inquiry with a detailed and satisfactory response(respond)．
10．My suggestion got rejected and the rejection made me in low spirits for a long time.(reject)
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)(共16分)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.就我而言，没有什么比成为一名志愿者并为他人带来改变更有意义了。(“否定词＋比较级”) 2.志愿者活动不仅对那些生活需要改善的人有益，对我们自己也有益。(whose引导定语从句) 3.然而，直到这次经历，我才完全意识到作为志愿者的意义。(not...until...) 4.作为我们家里第一个被重点大学录取的女孩，我曾经只关注自己的学业，不关心他人。(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do) 5.在做了志愿者之后，我开始尝试改变自己的想法，并努力对周围的世界更加负责，这让我变得越来越好。(having done作状语) I am here to share my experience of working as a volunteer teacher in a remote village school.As far as I am concerned，1.nothing is more meaningful than working as a volunteer and making a difference to others.Volunteering is not only beneficial to those 2.whose lives are in need of improvement but also to ourselves.However,3.I didn’t fully realize the significance of being a volunteer until this experience.4.As the first girl to be admitted to a key university in my family，I used to concentrate only on my academic performance，not caring for others.5.Having worked as a volunteer，I begin to make an attempt to change my mind and try to be more responsible for the world around me，which makes me become better and better. So here，I would like to call on everyone to join us and throw yourself into volunteering.
Li Hua，an energetic medical student，was walking by a kindergarten 1.when an accident happened.A pregnant woman tripped over a fallen pole and fainted.As she saw this，her first response was 2.to conduct(conduct) first aid，but a passer-by whispered to her “Think twice.” She was in a moral dilemma.After a short 3.hesitation(hesitate)，she chose to send the woman to a clinic.A physician who had just retired came to assist her.However，her mother spoke sharp words and complained about this for fear of blackmail(敲诈)．Li Hua became 4.scared(scare)．She had no income，savings or insurance.What if the woman asked her for a great deal of money Maybe she could earn tuition fees or work as a waitress in a nearby caf?．Her scholarship might also help.A chain of terrible thoughts 5.flashing(flash) through her mind，she was almost in despair，and therefore could not sleep 6.until midnight.Her father’s words carried her through the hard time.“Patients tend to entrust a doctor with life and a doctor will save a patient with all the might.What is 7.more precious(precious) than life How can you reject your duty and ignore your principles？” The following day，she found the pregnant woman’s husband waiting in front of her classroom.Instead of accusing her，he thanked Li Hua again and again in tears.Immediately，her tension 8.was replaced(replace) with pride.Maybe it was that inner sense of responsibility 9.that made Li Hua get promoted and make 10.contributions(contribution) in her career as a doctor decades later.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应 (response n．回答；回复；反应)
·respond to对……做出回应或反应；答复 ·in response to作为对……的答复；为了回应 make a/no response to对……做出回应/不予回答
(1)The union made no response(respond) to my application for a scholarship，which made me in despair.
(2)每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。
Every time I asked him for advice，he would respond to/make a response to me immediately.
(3)我写信是为了回复你的寻求关于如何说服你的父母允许你做饭的建议的来信。(2024·上海6月，书面表达)
I’m writing in response to your letter seeking advice on how to convince your parents to allow you to cook.
appoint vt.任命；委派 (appointment n．约会；预约；任命；委任 appointed adj.约定的；指定的)
·appoint sb as/to be...任命某人为…… appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事 ·make/have an appointment (with sb)(与某人)约会/预约
(1)I have something urgent to handle and therefore，I will appoint my brother to meet(meet) you at the airport.
(2)At the appointed(appoint) time we heard the jeep from the embassy at the gate of our house.
(3)得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信)
Learning that you have been appointed as/to be chairman of the student council，I sincerely congratulate you.
(4)很抱歉我不能陪你去书店，因为我已经预约了牙医。
I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookstore，for I have made an appointment with my dentist.
tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于(tendency n．趋势；趋向)
·tend to do sth易于做某事；往往会发生某事 ·have a tendency to do sth有做某事的倾向
(1)There is a growing tendency(tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices.
(2)我写信向那些在我母亲手术后悉心照顾她的护士们表示衷心的感谢。(应用文写作之感谢信)
I am writing to express my sincere thanks to the nurses who tended my mother carefully after her operation.
(3)此外，做暑期工的青少年往往更加自信，因为他们知道自己能够承担责任。
In addition，teens who hold summer jobs tend to/have a tendency to be more confident because they learn that they are able to be responsible.
scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓 (scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的)
·scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事 scare...away/off 把……吓跑 ·be scared of doing/to do sth 害怕/不敢做某事 be scared of sb/sth 害怕某人/某事 be scared to death吓得要死
(1)After watching a scary(scare) film in the cinema，she was scared of walking home alone and therefore，she called a taxi.
(2)新年期间的一个古老习俗是燃放爆竹，据说这是为了吓跑年兽。
One of the old customs during the New Year is setting off firecrackers，which is said to scare away/off the monster Nian.
(3)当我意识到那头熊要回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。
When I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us，I was nearly scared to death.
(4)意识到自己的错误后，我胆怯地低下了头，不敢看父亲的阴云密布的脸。(读后续写之心理描写)
Having realized my mistake，I bowed my head timidly, scared to look at/of looking at my father’s cloudy face.(形容词短语作状语)
assist vt.帮助；援助 (assistance n．帮助；援助 assistant n．助手；助理)
·assist sb to do/in doing sth 帮助某人做某事 assist sb with/in sth 在某方面帮助某人 ·come/go to one’s assistance来/去帮助某人 with the assistance of...在……的帮助下
(1)I am writing to convey my sincere gratitude to your shop assistant who came to my assistance when I fainted in your shop.(assist)
(2)正是在你的慷慨帮助下，我成功地赢得了选举，并被任命为学生会主席。
It was with your generous assistance that I succeeded in winning the election and was appointed as chairman of the student council.(强调句式)
(3)这次活动不仅增进了我们学生之间的友谊，还帮助我们树立了积极的生活态度。
Not only did the activity strengthen the friendship among us students，but it also assisted us in building a positive attitude towards life.
harm n．& vt.伤害；损害(harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的；无恶意的)
·do sb harm/do harm to sb 对某人有害 There is no harm (in) doing sth.做某事无害处。 ·be harmful to对……有害
(1)The physician says that the medicine is harmful to children but harmless(harm) to adults.
(2)沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。因此，戒掉它没有害处。
Being addicted to online games is harmful to/does harm to our physical and mental health. Therefore，there is no harm (in) getting rid of it.
“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义 To a person nothing is more precious than their life...对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了……
本句中“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义，意为“没有比……更……的了”。常用于此结构的否定词有：no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。
(1)The judge exclaimed，“Your story is perfect and I’ve never heard a better(good) one.”
(2)对我们来说，没有什么比向处在困境中的人传递善意更有意义了。(读后续写之升华句)
To us，nothing is more meaningful than passing on kindness to those in trouble.
(3)“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐！”妈妈激动地回答道。
“I have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one！” the mother responded excitedly.
the＋序数词＋n.＋to do She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
·此句中的不定式to be hired...作后置定语，修饰名词woman。当中心词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或前面有the only，the last，the right等时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。 ·在time，way，chance，ability，promise，attempt等名词后，常用不定式作后置定语，表示将要发生的动作。
(1)There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to contact(contact) you failed.
(2)我不能错过这样一个增进彼此了解的宝贵机会。
I can’t afford to miss such a precious chance to strengthen each other’s understanding.
(3)我强烈推荐李华作为我们的代表。李华是唯一一个在托福考试中取得满分的学生，因此他有能力与外国客人进行有效沟通。所以，我坚信他是承担这项任务的最佳候选人。(应用文写作之推荐信)
I strongly recommend Li Hua as our representative，who is the only student to achieve a full score in the TOFEL exam and thus has the ability to effectively communicate with foreign guests. Therefore，I firmly believe that he is the best candidate to undertake this task.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．We set off at 6：00 sharp① in the morning.When taking a sharp② bend，we heard a sharp③ sound coming from the nearby woods.We cautiously approached the forest and found a cute dog caught in a trap.My friend，with a sharp④ mind，quickly took out a sharp⑤ knife，cut the trap，and rescued the poor dog.
①adv.整点地 ②adj.(方向)急转的 ③adj.(声音)突然而响亮的 ④adj.敏锐的 ⑤adj.锋利的
2．He was once in charge of a huge multinational operation①，overseeing operations② overseas.However，when taking part in an operation③ organized by the headquarters，he unfortunately suffered a serious injury and underwent a major operation④，which led to the end of his career.
①n.企业 ②n.业务 ③n.(有组织的)活动，行动 ④n.手术
3．Her little brother tore① her favorite toy into pieces，which made her eyes fill with tears②.
①v.撕开；撕裂 ②n.眼泪；泪水
4．Realizing that there was only a faint① chance for him to be cured，he fell forward onto the table and fainted② in the dark room and then his breathing became faint③.
①adj.可能性不大的 ②vi.晕厥；昏倒 ③adj.微弱的
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．It’s typical of him to respond to others’ requests in spite of his own business.
2．Never have I experienced a more exciting(exciting) moment than now.
3．His colleagues assisted him to decorate(decorate) the house for his wedding.
4．We appointed her to represent(represent) us to send our congratulations at the wedding ceremony.
5．The majority(major) of them are in favor of my proposal while a minority are against it.
6．The moment the boss arrived，the joyful atmosphere was replaced by/with a serious one.
7.After all，it is immoral to take advantage of others’ weaknesses to do harm to them.
8．The most energetic(energy) and significant festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.
9．The saying “Once bitten(bite)，twice shy” is a classic portrayal(写照) of how people can be affected by shadows.
10．The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees can enjoy their work.
2023·全国甲 你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1.人物简介及事迹； 2.意义或启示。
完成句子
1．当谈到中国的历史人物，没有比孔子更著名的了。(否定词＋比较级)
2．孔子生于公元前551年，是一位哲学家、政治家和教育家，他的学说对中国文化和社会产生了深远的影响。(过去分词短语作状语；whose引导定语从句)
3．孔子是历史上第一个提倡人人都应有平等的受教育权的人。(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do)
4．他的哲学思想影响深远，他的学生编撰了《论语》一书纪念他。(so...that...；in memory of)
5．孔子的思想和理念在现代社会中仍然有意义，提醒我们教育、道德价值和尊重他人的重要性。(现在分词短语作状语)
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
参考范文
When it comes to Chinese historical figures，no one is more famous than Confucius，who is widely known for his teachings and philosophy.Born in 551 BCE，Confucius was a philosopher，politician，and educator whose teachings have had a lasting impact on Chinese culture and society.Confucius is the first person in history to advocate that everyone should have equal rights to be educated.His philosophy was so influential that a collection called Analects of Confucius was created by his students in memory of him.Confucius’ thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism.The teachings and philosophies of Confucius are still relevant in modern society，reminding us of the importance of education，moral values，and respect for others.
教材语料整合
亮词 [情感描写] dilemma；complain；passive；scared；sharp；in memory of；in tears；in despair；tension
[人物描写] moral；virtue；precious；energetic；pregnant；flexible；appoint；elect；whisper；pass away；assist；replace；principle；chairman
美句 1.As a five-year-old girl，Lin Qiaozhi was deeply affected by her mother’s death.At age 18，instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls，she chose to study medicine.(人物描写) 2.She was more interested in tending patients，publishing medical research on care for women and children，and training the next generation of doctors.(人物描写) 3.Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.(哲理感悟) 4.Early one morning，the king disguised himself and went to a local village.He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street and hid gold coins under the stone.Then he hid behind a huge maple tree and watched.(动作描写) 5.The king was in despair.(情感描写)
拓展语料积累 动作细节描写：哭泣流泪(一)
单词 weep v．哭泣；water v．(眼睛)充满眼泪；sob v．啜泣，呜咽；moan v．呻吟；sniffle v．(因哭泣)抽鼻子；wail/bawl v．放声大哭
词块 be bathed in tears 泪流满面；fight/hold back tears强忍住眼泪；be in floods of tears泪如泉涌；burst into tears/burst out crying突然哭起来；shed tears流泪；choke up哽咽；cry one’s eyes out/sob your heart out痛哭不止；cry bitter/lonely tears流下痛苦/孤独的泪水；sob/weep with one’s face buried in one’s hands掩面哭泣；bawl one’s eyes out号啕大哭
句型 1.Jane turned to me with tears in her eyes，and begged me to help her.(with复合结构)简眼含泪水地转向我，恳求我帮帮她。 2．Bill fought back his tears and tried to comfort Sarah’s mother.比尔强忍住泪水，并试图安慰桑拉的母亲。 3．Her hands were shaking and she was on the verge of tears.她的手在颤抖，快要哭出来了。 4．Cecil came round later，crying his eyes out，asking me to forgive him.赛西尔后来来了，哭得很伤心，请求我原谅他。 5．Her vision blurred as tears overflowed.她的视线模糊了，泪水涌了出来。
语料运用 积极的人生态度
Susan was caught in a car accident and fainted.She finally came to herself after a chain of operations but went blind forever，①which threw her in the depths of despair(定语从句)．Scared to face the future，② she often sobbed/wept with her face buried in her hands (with复合结构)．Seeing Susan ③bathed in tears(分词短语作宾补)，Mark，her husband，was heartbroken.He tended Susan with great care and ④determined to assist her to regain strength and confidence and step out of such a dilemma.Mark bought Susan a guide dog，encouraged her to learn Braille and ⑤accompanied her to the community to take part in activities.Gradually，⑥Susan’s tension was replaced by/with confidence.She whispered gently，“Mark，thank you.⑦It was you that/who carried me through the tough situation(强调句式)．”
苏珊在一场车祸中昏迷了。经过一系列的手术后，她终于苏醒过来，但却永远失明，这将她投入了绝望的深渊。因为害怕面对未来，她经常掩面哭泣。看到苏珊泪流满面，丈夫马克心碎了。他非常细心地照顾苏珊，决心帮助她恢复力量和信心，走出困境。马克给苏珊买了一只导盲犬，鼓励她学习盲文，并陪她去社区参加活动。渐渐地，苏珊的紧张情绪被自信所取代。她轻声说：“马克，谢谢你。是你帮助我渡过了难关。”
单元主题组合练
[62.5分]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·湖南多校联考)
There are a lot of good and logical reasons not to say what you think，especially when others disagree.Offending people isn’t nice，and it can lead to social consequences.Nodding along might seem practical or ①charitable，despite the fact that you are screaming disagreement on the inside.However，the true act of charity is to say what you really think.Your committing to complete honesty can be an act of love.
One of my friends takes honesty to the extreme.He calls talks with others that get to the complete truth of things，even difficult admissions in views，“love conversations”．Once two people have such a conversation，his theory goes，they can understand each other and act accordingly.As a philosophical matter，my friend’s belief of “love conversations” is Kantian.The German philosopher Kant argued that lying to others prevents them from making choices based on the truth，which is contradictory with friendship and love.
In the 1990s，Brad Blanton argued when the truth is hard to accept，telling it can have costs，including social disapproval and broken relationships.But it is worth the consequences because it can reduce stress，deepen connections with others，and reduce emotional reactivity.
Both sides can’t be right here.Either Kant，Blanton，and my friend are embracing a faulty theory，or our society is missing a big opportunity for moral growth.You might say that little white lies are a society lubricant(润滑剂)．They can even seem ②virtuous.After telling ③a white lie，I sometimes pat myself on the back，turning my evil into a virtue inside my own head.Some lies might make life easier，but they don’t necessarily make life happier.I wouldn’t want my wife to tell me what she thinks I want to hear，as if we were strangers avoiding conflict，and finding out that she had done so would make me feel distrusted and therefore hurt our relationship.I don’t want a stranger to tell me she likes my writing if she doesn’t，because unreal compliments make me suspicious.
语篇解读 这是一篇议论文。本文论述了在生活中说实话的重要性。
1．What can we learn from “my friend” in paragraph 2
A．He admits others’ views with great honest.
B．He practices Kant’s philosophical theories.
C．He loves to discuss philosophy with others.
D．He prevents himself from difficult choices.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段尤其第四句“As a philosophical matter，my friend’s belief of ‘love conversations’ is Kantian.”可知，作者的朋友践行康德的哲学理论。故选B。
2．What did Brad Blanton think about telling the truth
A．Stressful and emotional.
B．Unacceptable and harmful.
C．Thoughtless but courageous.
D．Challenging but deserving.
答案 D
解析 观点态度题。根据第三段“...Brad Blanton argued when the truth is hard to accept，telling it can have costs...But it is worth the consequences...”可知，布拉德·布兰顿认为说真话具有挑战性，但是值得。故选D。
3．Why is the author’s wife mentioned in the last paragraph
A．To distinguish her from a stranger.
B．To show her honesty and virtue.
C．To argue for the importance of frankness.
D．To stress avoiding suspicion in marriage.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Some lies might make life easier，but they don’t necessarily make life happier...she had done so would make me feel distrusted and therefore hurt our relationship.”可推知，最后一段提到作者的妻子是为了论证坦率的重要性。故选C。
4．Which statement does the author probably agree with
A．Telling the truth can be an act of love.
B．The route to happier life lies in lies.
C．Little white lies are actually virtuous.
D．Our society is being corrupted by lies.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。综合全文内容可知，本文论述了在生活中说实话的重要性；再根据第一段最后一句“Your committing to complete honesty can be an act of love.”可知，作者可能会同意的观点是A项“说实话是一种爱的行为”。故选A。
语境猜词 ①charitable(派)＝charit(y)＋able adj.慈善的；宽容的 ②virtuous(派)＝virtu(e)＋ous adj.有道德的；品行端正的 ③a white lie 善意的谎言
B
With pet ①ownership becoming more popular，being ②saddened by the loss of a beloved pet is becoming a terrible headache.Li Peng，a woolen felt(织物) craftswoman，has found a unique way to preserve the memory of dead pets by creating realistic woolen images.
Li’s journey into this craft is accidental.During her college years，she majored in e-commerce and worked part time at a pet store.One day，while visiting a website，she came upon a small fox made entirely of wool.Astonished at its delicacy，she set off on a self-taught journey in this art form.In late 2019，Li Peng made the firm decision to start her own business and pursue wool felting as a full-time profession.
While a video showcasing the work may only take a few minutes to watch，the actual process is far more intricate.The three-dimensional creations feature genuine fur，lifelike glass eyes and tiny whiskers(胡须)，each one individually secured by hand.To achieve a vivid effect，she repeatedly sticks layers of wool with a needle，③winding the loose fibers together to create solid felted shapes.The key is massive patience.
The handcrafted creations satisfy her desire to convey love.The majority of her customers are pet owners who have experienced the loss of their beloved companions.They send Li photographs and even their pets’ hair，hoping to freeze the appearance of their furry friends through her wool felting models.Fascinated by the deep bond between people and their pets，she is committed to grabbing and investing these emotions in her artworks.And it turns out that the career is a success.Orders are often scheduled for one year later，and she has gained substantial attention through social media.
Reflecting on her work，Li expresses her desire to create meaningful pieces using the warm material，offering a heartfelt gift of warmth to the beautiful souls of this world.
语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了羊毛毡工匠彭立通过制作逼真的羊毛毡宠物来帮助宠物主人还原爱宠生前的模样。
5．What inspired Li Peng to take up wool felting as a career
A．A temporary job at a pet shop.
B．Her self-study art course.
C．A discovery of an alternative to fiber.
D．A woolen creation online.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“One day，while visiting a website，she came upon a small fox made entirely of wool.Astonished at its delicacy，she set off on a self-taught journey in this art form.In late 2019，Li Peng made the firm decision to start her own business and pursue wool felting as a full-time profession.”可知，网上的一只完全由羊毛制作的精美的小狐狸激发了彭立投身羊毛毡行业。故选D。
6．What does the underlined word “intricate” mean in paragraph 3
A．Confusing. B．Efficient.
C．Complicated. D．Effortless.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“The three-dimensional creations feature genuine fur，lifelike glass eyes and tiny whiskers(胡须)，each one individually secured by hand.To achieve a vivid effect，she repeatedly sticks layers of wool with a needle，winding the loose fibers together to create solid felted shapes.The key is massive patience.”可知，羊毛毡宠物的制作过程非常复杂，所以画线词“intricate”意为“复杂的”。故选C。
7．Who are Li Peng’s primary clients
A．Conservationists of animal rights.
B．Individuals fond of furry toys.
C．Distributors providing personalized service.
D．People suffering from pet loss.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The majority of her customers are pet owners who have experienced the loss of their beloved companions.”可知，她的大多数顾客都是失去宠物的人们。故选D。
8．What’s the crucial factor behind Li Peng’s success
A．Fair product pricing.
B．Human-pet attachment.
C．Smart network marketing.
D．Hunger for a fine reputation.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The majority of her customers are pet owners who have experienced the loss of their beloved companions...Fascinated by the deep bond between people and their pets，she is committed to grabbing and investing these emotions in her artworks.And it turns out that the career is a success.”可知，她成功的关键因素是人类与宠物之间的依恋。故选B。
语境猜词 ①ownership(派)＝owner＋ship n．所有权 ②sadden(派)＝sad＋d＋en v．使悲伤；使伤心 ③wind(熟义：n.风) 生义(文义)：v.缠绕
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Pursue Your Dreams Today，Not Tomorrow
Have you caught yourself daydreaming about your dreams We often postpone our dreams，trapped in a cycle of delay.But why wait 1 You don’t have to take a huge，life-changing step.You can take minute steps toward a brighter future.And start right now.
2 If you never try，you’re going to be ①weighed down by your regrets.You’re always going to wonder how your life would’ve turned out if you actually took a chance on yourself.Don’t let your future self be disappointed by your present self.
It doesn’t matter how old you are or how many people have warned you that you’re never going to succeed.Even the most successful people have had their hesitations about whether they had what it took to make it in their field. 3 Embrace a mindset of determination，knowing that success is within your reach.
At the end of the day，you need to carve out a path for yourself that will lead to the most satisfaction.If you allow your fear to get the best of you，you’re never going to forgive yourself. 4 It’s what you would encourage your friends to do，so why aren’t you giving yourself that same push
Sometimes，following your passion means spending a lot of your time each day.It may require making slight adjustments to your schedule，but you don’t have to sacrifice everything to follow your hearts.Try to ②strike a balance between your current life and your dreams. 5
Pursue your dreams now，even though that means you might need to break out of your comfort zone，and even though it means entering the unknown.
A．Ask yourself what would be worse.
B．Starting small is completely acceptable.
C．You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams.
D．New opportunities may lead to personal growth.
E．If things go well，you can gradually make further shifts.
F．You need to move past your insecurities and explore your full potential.
G．Hard as it is，it’s crucial to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何追求自己的梦想提出了一些建议。
1．答案 B
解析 后文提到了不需要迈出巨大的、改变人生的一步，由此可知本句是在建议从小的方面开始。故B选项“从小处开始是完全可以接受的”符合语境，故选B。
2．答案 C
解析 根据本段内容可知，本段的主旨是给自己一个改变生活的机会，即建议去追求自己的梦想。故C选项“你应该为自己去追求你的梦想”符合语境，故选C。
3．答案 G
解析 后文提到要拥有坚定的心态，相信自己能够取得成功，由此可知要摆脱怀疑的心态。故G选项“尽管困难重重，但摆脱心中的疑虑是至关重要的”符合语境，故选G。
4．答案 F
解析 上文提到不要让恐惧占据上风，即建议要克服恐惧和不安全感，来发掘潜力。故F选项“你需要克服你的不安全感，充分发掘你的潜力”符合语境，故选F。
5．答案 E
解析 上文提到了在你现在的生活和你的梦想之间取得平衡，本句为本段最后一句，应说明这么做的结果。故E选项“如果一切顺利，你可以逐渐做出进一步的改变”符合语境，故选E。
语境猜词 ①weigh down 压垮 ②strike a balance找到折中办法，达成平衡
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
Roger Bannister，born in Harrow，London，early showed a talent for running.University education was beyond the 1 of his working-class parents，but he was 2 to ①secure a place at one of England’s top universities and pursue a career in 3 .
Luckily，owing to his academic efforts，Bannister was awarded a scholarship by Oxford University，where his exceptional speed on the track soon earned him the attention and 4 from the sports media.Surprisingly，he 5 to compete in the 1948 Olympics in London，preferring to focus on his 6 and his medical studies.By 1951，Bannister had won the British ②championship in the mile and felt 7 for Olympic competition. 8 ，a last-minute change in the schedule 9 him to compete without resting between ③events and he finished just fourth in the 1500-meter race at the 1952 Olympics.To break the four-minute mile barrier，Bannister 10 45 minutes every day from his full-time medical studies for training.On May 6,1954，at Oxford，his 11 eventually paid off.At age 25，Bannister made history，crossing the finish line at 3：59.4.When the announcer read out the time：“3...”，the rest was 12 by the cheering crowd.In the following famous “Mile of the Century” race，Bannister 13 Australian runner John Landy with a time of 3：58.8 to Landy’s 3：59.6，both under four minutes.In 1955，Bannister’s ④autobiography，First Four Minutes，was published.
Bannister’s 14 to academic medicine is equally remarkable，but his spirit of the four-minute mile is 15 to not only people of our era，but to before and after.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了罗杰·班尼斯特凭借自身的努力，从事了医学事业，并且在赛跑领域也取得了非凡的成就。
1．A.hope B．reach
C．sight D．control
答案 B
解析 hope希望；reach影响范围；sight视力；control控制。根据后文“of his working-class parents”可知，他的父母是工人阶级，因此没有能力供他上大学，beyond the reach of表示“超出……的控制范围”。故选B。
2．A.excited B．surprised
C．satisfied D．determined
答案 D
解析 excited激动的；surprised惊讶的；satisfied满足的；determined坚定的。根据后文“to secure a place at one of England’s top universities”以及上文but表示转折可知，他决心在一所英国的顶尖大学获得一席之地，故选D。
3．A.medicine B．biology
C．history D．literature
答案 A
解析 medicine医学；biology生物学；history历史；literature文学。根据后文“preferring to focus on...and his medical studies”可知，他想从事医学事业。故选A。
4．A.support B．guidance
C．permission D．recognition
答案 D
解析 support支持；guidance指导；permission允许；recognition认可。根据前文“his exceptional speed on the track soon earned him the attention and”可知，班尼斯特的出色表现赢得了体育媒体的关注和认可。故选D。
5．A.decided B．planned
C．declined D．promised
答案 C
解析 decide决定；plan计划；decline谢绝；promise承诺。根据后文“preferring to focus on...”可知，他谢绝参加1948年伦敦奥运会，故选C。
6．A.family B．training
C．profession D．competition
答案 B
解析 family家庭；training训练；profession专业；competition比赛。根据前文“ to compete in the 1948 Olympics”可知，他谢绝了参加比赛，说明他更想专注于训练。故选B。
7．A.cool B．proud
C．ready D．afraid
答案 C
解析 cool凉爽的；proud骄傲的；ready准备好的；afraid害怕的。根据上文“Bannister had won the British championship in the mile”可知，班尼斯特赢得了英国冠军，感觉为参加奥运会做好了准备。故选C。
8．A.Naturally B．Actually
C．Obviously D．Unfortunately
答案 D
解析 naturally自然地；actually实际上；obviously显然；unfortunately不幸地。根据后文“a last-minute change”和“him to compete without resting between events”可知，赛程的改变使他在比赛间隙无法休息，这是不幸的事情。故选D。
9．A.forced B．allowed
C．expected D．encouraged
答案 A
解析 force迫使；allow允许；expect期待；encourage鼓励。根据前文“a last-minute change in the schedule”可知，赛程的改变迫使他没有时间休息。故选A。
10．A.take in B．set aside
C．carry away D．get through
答案 B
解析 take in理解；set aside留出；carry away夺走；get through完成。根据后文“45 minutes every day from his full-time medical studies for training”可知，他每天留出45分钟进行训练。故选B。
11．A.interest B．effort
C．courage D．attention
答案 B
解析 interest兴趣；effort努力；courage勇气；attention注意力。根据后文“At age 25，Bannister made history，crossing the finish line at 3：59.4”可知，班尼斯特创造了历史，即他的努力终于得到了回报。故选B。
12．A.favored B．attracted
C．drowned D．confirmed
答案 C
解析 favor帮助；attract吸引；drown淹没；confirm确认。根据后文“by the cheering crowd”可知，报幕员的声音被欢呼的人群淹没了。故选C。
13．A.defeated B．inspected
C．overlooked D．approached
答案 A
解析 defeat击败；inspect检查；overlook忽视；approach靠近。根据后文“with a time of 3：58.8 to Landy’s 3：59.6”可知，班尼斯特以3分58秒8的成绩击败了澳大利亚选手约翰·兰迪，故选A。
14．A.promise B．attitude
C．contribution D．viewpoint
答案 C
解析 promise承诺；attitude态度；contribution贡献；viewpoint观点。根据后文“to academic medicine is equally remarkable”可知，班尼斯特对学术医学的贡献同样卓越，故选C。
15．A.inspirational B．considerate
C．aggressive D．controversial
答案 A
解析 inspirational启发灵感的，鼓舞人心的；considerate体贴的；aggressive好斗的；controversial有争议的。根据后文“to not only people of our era，but to before and after”可知，班尼斯特的短跑精神具有鼓舞人心的作用。故选A。
语境猜词 ①secure(熟义：adj.安全的；无危险的) 生义(文义)：v.(尤指经过努力)获得，取得 ②championship(派)＝champion＋ship n．锦标赛 ③event(熟义：n.事件) 生义(文义)：n.比赛项目；体育赛事 ④autobiography(派)＝auto＋biography n．自传
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·福建福州质检)
A zipper runs along a 40-centimeter-tall porcelain vase，with its top slightly open.The art piece，not 1. (original) designed that way，has been repaired by Nie Chao.2._________ repaired vase won Nie the new talent award at the Baihe Cup，an art and craft design and innovation competition，where more than 3,000 pieces or sets of work were shown.The competition 3. (hold) during the second edition of the China Arts and Crafts Expo in Nanjing，Jiangsu Province，in September 2021.
As the 4. (five) generation inheritor of his family’s ceramic-repair skills，Nie has devoted himself to better preserving them，as well as 5. (bring) traditional Chinese engraving skills and modern art designs to the mix.Nie’s father and grandfather were focused on fixing porcelain items to restore their ①functionality.Nie has taken it a step further as he tries to make the repaired items look even 6. (good)．For example，when mending the 7. (break) cover of a teacup，Nie could have just added a couple of metal staples(钉) to ②reconnect the damaged parts,8. he decided to create a bamboo pattern on it.
Nie says handmade things have one advantage 9. ③mass-produced items，in that each is unique.Mending ceramics not only restores the 10. (appear) and functionality of a ware but also preserves its historical and cultural value.
语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了修复陶瓷的聂超。
1．答案 originally
解析 考查副词。副词originally“最初地”作状语修饰过去分词designed。故填originally。
2．答案 The
解析 考查冠词。特指这件被修复的花瓶，用定冠词the，句首单词首字母大写。故填The。
3．答案 was held
解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语competition为单数，与hold之间为被动关系，且根据“in September 2021”可知，用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用was。故填was held。
4．答案 fifth
解析 考查序数词。表示第五代，用序数词fifth。故填fifth。
5．答案 bringing
解析 考查非谓语。as well as后接动名词与上文的preserving并列作介词to的宾语。故填bringing。
6．答案 better
解析 考查比较级。even修饰比较级。故填better。
7．答案 broken
解析 考查形容词。形容词broken“破损的”作定语修饰名词cover。故填broken。
8．答案 but/yet
解析 考查连词。根据句意可知，前后句为转折关系。故填but/yet。
9．答案 over
解析 考查介词。have one advantage over“相比……有优势”为固定短语，符合句意。 故填over。
10．答案 appearance
解析 考查名词。名词appearance“外观”作宾语，此处表示一件陶瓷的外观，用单数。故填appearance。
语境猜词 ①functionality(派)＝function＋al＋ity n．功能性；实用性 ②reconnect(派)＝re＋connect v．再连接 ③mass-produced(合＋派)＝mass＋produce＋d adj.批量生产的(共89张PPT)
必修第三册 Unit 2
Morals and Virtues
内容索引
排查基础知识
突破核心考点
提升写作能力
排查基础知识
Part One
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
adj.道德的；道义上的
n.品行；道德；寓意
n.进退两难的境地；困境
道德困境
vt.委托；交付
n.(小组)教学；讲课
1
moral
2
dilemma
3
moral dilemma
4
entrust
知识速记
5
tuition
学费
n.医师；(尤指)内科医生
住院医师
n.同事；同僚
adj.遥远的
n.学前班；幼儿园
n.保险；保险业
6
tuition fees
7
physician
8
resident physician
9
colleague
10
faraway
11
kindergarten
12
insurance
n.(行星的)极；地极；杆子，柱
n.(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈
n.咖啡馆；小餐馆
n.(餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者
adj.怀孕的；妊娠的
vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖
n.伪装；化装用具
13
pole
14
lap
15
café
16
waitress
17
pregnant
18
disguise
n.枫树；槭树
n.手推车；运货马车
vt.& vi.(spilt/spilled，spilt/spilled)(使)洒出；(使)溢出
n.力量；威力
n.寓言；寓言故事；无稽之谈
v.虚构 ；讲故事
n.(网球等的)球场 ；法院；法庭
prep.每；每一
19
maple
20
cart
21
spill
22
might
23
fable
24
court
25
per
n.高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
vi.昏倒；晕厥
adj.不清楚的；微弱的 ；可能性不大的
vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图
adj.珍稀的；宝贵的
n.专业服务费；报酬
n.协会；联合会；工会
1
virtue
2
faint
3
illustrate
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
4
precious
5
fee
6
union
vt.聘任；雇用；租用
n.租借；租用
n.诊所；门诊部
n.十年；十年期
adv.在别处；去别处
vt.发表(作品)；出版
n.员工；全体职员
7
hire
8
clinic
9
decade
10
elsewhere
11
publish
12
staff
n.道德原则；法则；原则
adj.被动的；顺从的
vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语
n.耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
n.子夜；午夜
vt.& vi.(bit，bitten)咬；叮；蜇
n.咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤
13
principle
14
passive
15
whisper
16
midnight
17
bite
n.嘴唇
n.主席；主持人；董事长
n.一连串(人或事) ；链子；链条
vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走
n.眼泪；泪水
v.撕裂；撕开
n.绝望
vi.绝望；感到无望
18
lip
19
chairman
20
chain
21
limp
22
tear
23
despair
n.收入；收益
adv.因此；所以
24
income
25
therefore
1
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
marriage n.结婚；婚姻
→marry v.(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶
2
majority n.大部分；大多数
→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n.主修课程；少校
3
complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚
→complaint n.抱怨；投诉
4
respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应
→response n.反应；回答；回复
5
scholarship n.奖学金
→scholar n.学者
6
reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用
→rejection n.拒绝接受；否决
8
7
appoint vt.任命；委派
→appointment n.约会；任命；委任
→appointed adj.约定的；指定的
elect vt.选举；推选
→election n.选举；推选；当选
9
tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于
→tendency n.趋势；趋向
11
10
retire vt.& vi.退休；退职；退出
→retirement n.退休
→retired adj.退休的
import n.进口；进口商品 vt.进口；输入；引进
→export n.出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播
13
12
scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
→scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓
→scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的
sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的 ；
敏锐的 ；(方向)急转的 ；(声音)突然而响亮的
adv.整点地
→sharply adv.急剧地；严厉地
→sharpen v.(使)变得锋利；(使)提高
15
14
energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的
→energy n.精力；活力；能量
→energetically adv.积极地 ；精力充沛地
replace vt.接替；取代；更换
→replacement n.更换；替换的人/物
17
16
accident n.事故；车祸；失事
→accidental adj.意外的；偶然的
→accidentally adv.偶然地
operation n.手术；企业；经营；(有组织的)活动，行动 ；业务
→operate vt.操作；控制；使运转 vi.做手术；经营；运转
→operator n.操作员；接线员；经营者
19
18
assist vt.帮助；援助
→assistant n.助理；助手
→assistance n.帮助；援助
harm n.& vt.伤害；损害
→harmful adj.有害的
→harmfully adv.有害地
→harmless adj.无害的
21
20
flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的
→flexibly adv.灵活地
→flexibility n.灵活性
tension n.紧张关系；紧张；焦虑
→tense adj.紧张的；(尤指肌肉、身体)拉紧的 n.(动词的)时态
22
memory n.记忆力；回忆
→memoriz(s)e vt.记住；记忆
23
saving n.节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款
→save vt.救；节省；储蓄
1.动词后缀-ize/-ise：表示“成为；使”或“以……方式说/对待”，其所构成的动词一般表示抽象动作，如memorize(记忆)，recognize(认出)，criticize(批评)，advertise(做广告)，realize(实现)，organize(组织)，socialize(交际，使适应社会)等。
2.名词后缀-ing：此类名词有三种意义：①表示行为、状态及情况，aging(老化)，swimming(游泳)；②表示与行为有关的物品，如building(建筑物)，clothing(衣物)，carving(雕像；雕刻品)；③表示某种行业或某种方法，如printing(印刷术)，fishing(渔业)，farming(农事，农业)。
积累 —— 构词法 学一法 会一类
(1)He (special) in chemistry and has made a number of new discoveries.
(2)She sincerely (apology) for her rude behavior and promised to be more considerate in the future.
(3)As soon as I entered the office，I received a warm (greet) from my colleagues.
(4)He majored in marketing at university and now works as a brand manager for an international company.
(5)She carefully selected the bedding for her new bedroom，choosing soft，cotton sheets and a cozy pillow.
___________
_______________
市场营销
积累 —— 构词法 学一法 会一类
specializes
床上用品，寝具
apologized
greeting
exclude /Ik'sklu d/ vt.把……排斥在外；防止……进入；
不包括；排除
hatred /'heItrId/ n.仇恨；憎恨；厌恶
marvellous (NAmE marvelous) /'mɑ v l s/
adj.极好的；非凡的
underlying / nd 'laII / adj.隐含的；潜在的
1
3
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
2
4
depict /dI'pIkt/ vt.描述；描写；描绘
viable /'vaI bl/ adj.可实施的；切实可行的
5
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
6
1
2
carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关
tend to do sth 易于做某事；往往会发生某事
first aid 急救
pass away 去世
in memory of 作为对……的纪念
trip over 被……绊倒
in tears 流着泪；含着泪
3
4
5
6
Ⅳ.背核心短语
7
8
9
in despair 处于绝望中
a great deal (of) 大量
choose to do sth 选择做某事
care for 照顾；喜欢
succeed in doing sth 成功地做某事
be responsible for 对……负责
make an attempt to do sth 尝试做某事；试图做某事
10
11
12
13
14
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1
To a person nothing is more precious than their life...(“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义)
对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了……
２
She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do)
她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
３
Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.(having done作状语)
虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。
４
Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died,22 April 1983.(not...until...)
林医生坚守在岗位上，直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天。
５
Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.(whose引导的定语从句)
如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，而且总是期待别人来解决他们的问题，那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。
(2024·新课标Ⅰ)Further，the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road，by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
[句式分析] 此句是 句。influenced...Road是过去分词短语作_________，修饰名词a journey；by which是“介词＋which”引导的_____从句。
[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
体验 —— 析真题长句 知高考难度
此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园将带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程，丝绸和许多植物物种都是通过古丝绸之路首次来到英国的。
主从复合
后置定语
定语
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.moral adj.__________________
n.__________________
2.dilemma n.______________________
3.entrust vt.___________
4.colleague n.____________
5.kindergarten n.________________
6.Insurance n.______________
道德的；道义上的
默写巩固
词汇默写
品行；道德；寓意
进退两难的境地；困境
委托；交付
同事；同僚
学前班；幼儿园
保险；保险业
7.pregnant adj._______________
8.disguise vt.__________________
n._______________
9.spill vt.& vi.__________________
10.might n.____________
怀孕的；妊娠的
装扮；假扮；掩盖
伪装；化装用具
(使)洒出；(使)溢出
力量；威力
Ⅱ.重点单词
1.______ n.高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
2.________ adj.珍稀的；宝贵的
3.______ n.协会；联合会；工会
4.____ vt.聘任；雇用；租用
n.租借；租用
5._______ n.十年；十年期
6._______ vt.发表(作品)；出版
7._____ n.员工；全体职员
virtue
precious
union
hire
decade
publish
staff
8._________ n.道德原则；法则；原则
9.________ vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语
n.耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
10._________ n.子夜；午夜
11.____ vt.& vi.咬；叮；蜇
n.咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤
12.____ n.眼泪；泪水
v.撕裂；撕开
principle
whisper
midnight
bite
tear
13.________ n.绝望
vi.绝望；感到无望
14._______ n.收入；收益
15._________ adv.因此；所以
despair
income
therefore
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1._________ n.结婚；婚姻
→_______ v.(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶
2.___________ n.奖学金
→________ n.学者
3.______ vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于
→_________ n.趋势；趋向
4._______ adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的
→________ adv.急剧地；严厉地
→_________ v.(使)变得锋利；(使)提高
marriage
marry
scholarship
scholar
tend
tendency
sharp
sharply
sharpen
5._________ n.事故；车祸；失事
→__________ adj.意外的；偶然的
→____________ adv.偶然地
6._________ n.记忆力；回忆
→_____________ vt.记住；记忆
7._______ n.& vt.伤害；损害
→_________ adj.有害的
→_________ adj.无害的
accident
accidental
accidentally
memory
memoriz(s)e
harm
harmful
harmless
8.________ n.紧张关系；紧张；焦虑
→______ adj.紧张的；(尤指肌肉、身体)拉紧的
n.(动词的)时态
9.________ vt.任命；委派
→_____________ n.约会；任命；委任
→__________ adj.约定的；指定的
10._______ adj.灵活的；可变通的
→________ adv.灵活地
→__________ n.灵活性
tension
tense
appoint
appointment
appointed
flexible
flexibly
flexibility
Ⅳ.核心短语
1.___________________ 帮助某人渡过难关
2.______________ 易于做某事；往往会发生某事
3.___________ 去世
4.______________ 作为对……的纪念
5._________ 被……绊倒
6._________ 流着泪；含着泪
7.___________ 处于绝望中
carry sb through sth
tend to do sth
pass away
in memory of
trip over
in tears
in despair
8._______________ 大量
9._______________ 选择做某事
10.___________________ 成功地做某事
a great deal (of)
choose to do sth
succeed in doing sth
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Girls who major English in our department are in the __________(major).
2.I am writing the letter of (complain) to complain _________ your poor service when dining in your restaurant yesterday.
3.Congratulations on your as chairman of the union in the .(elect)
默写巩固
语境运用
in
majority
complaint
about/of
being elected
election
4.At the sight of the scene，the young girl was too to move.
(scare)
5.Doctors immediately operated the injured who soon recovered from the under the tender care of the nurses.
(operate)
6.The shop (assist) came to my (assist) and assisted me choosing a satisfying birthday gift for my friend.
7.He is an young man，who always works .(energy)
8.The resident physician moved to live in countryside after his ___________.(retire)
scary
scared
on
operator
operation
assistant
assistance
in
energetic
energetically
retired
retirement
9.The manager immediately responded the customer’s inquiry with a detailed and satisfactory (respond).
10.My suggestion got and the made me in low spirits for a long time.(reject)
to
response
rejected
rejection
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.就我而言，没有什么比成为一名志愿者并为他人带来改变更有意义了。(“否定词＋比较级”) I am here to share my experience of working as a volunteer teacher in a remote village school.As far as I am concerned，1.__________________________________
_______________________ and making a difference to others.
nothing is more meaningful than working as a volunteer
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
2.志愿者活动不仅对那些生活需要改善的人有益，对我们自己也有益。(whose引导定语从句) 3.然而，直到这次经历，我才完全意识到作为志愿者的意义。(not...until...) Volunteering is not only beneficial to those 2.________________________
_____________ but also to ourselves.
However,3.______________________
_____________________________________ this experience.
whose lives are in need of
improvement
I didn’t fully realize
the significance of being a volunteer
until
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
4.作为我们家里第一个被重点大学录取的女孩，我曾经只关注自己的学业，不关心他人。(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do) 5.在做了志愿者之后，我开始尝试改变自己的想法，并努力对周围的世界更加负责，这让我变得越来越好。(having done作状语) 4.______________________________________
______________________，I used to concentrate only on my academic performance，not caring for others.5._____________________
___________，I begin to make an attempt to change my mind and try to be more responsible for the world around me，which makes me become better and better.
So here，I would like to call on everyone to join us and throw yourself into volunteering.
As the first girl to be admitted to a key university in my family
Having worked as a
volunteer
Li Hua，an energetic medical student，was walking by a kindergarten 1. an accident happened.A pregnant woman tripped over a fallen pole and fainted.As she saw this，her first response was 2._________(conduct) first aid，but a passer-by whispered to her “Think twice.” She was in a moral dilemma.After a short 3. (hesitate)，she chose to send the woman to a clinic.A physician who had just retired came to assist her.However，her mother spoke sharp words and complained about this for fear of blackmail(敲诈).Li Hua became 4.________(scare).She had no income，savings or insurance.
词汇串记
when
to conduct
hesitation
scared
What if the woman asked her for a great deal of money Maybe she could earn tuition fees or work as a waitress in a nearby café.Her scholarship might also help.A chain of terrible thoughts 5. (flash) through her mind，she was almost in despair，and therefore could not sleep 6.______ midnight.Her father’s words carried her through the hard time.“Patients tend to entrust a doctor with life and a doctor will save a patient with all the might.What is 7. (precious) than life How can you reject your duty and ignore your principles？” The following day，she found the pregnant woman’s husband waiting in front of her classroom.
flashing
until
more precious
Instead of accusing her，he thanked Li Hua again and again in tears.Immediately，her tension 8. (replace) with pride.
Maybe it was that inner sense of responsibility 9. made Li Hua get promoted and make 10. (contribution) in her career as a doctor decades later.
返 回
was replaced
that
contributions
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
突破核心考点
Part Two
vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应 (response n.回答；回复；反应)
respond
1
·respond to对……做出回应或反应；答复
·in response to作为对……的答复；为了回应
make a/no response to对……做出回应/不予回答
(1)The union made no (respond) to my application for a scholarship，which made me in despair.
response
(2)每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。
Every time I asked him for advice，______________________________
____________________________.
(3)我写信是为了回复你的寻求关于如何说服你的父母允许你做饭的建议的来信。 (2024·上海6月，书面表达)
I’m writing seeking advice on how to convince your parents to allow you to cook.
he would respond to/make a
response to me immediately
in response to your letter
appoint
·appoint sb as/to be...任命某人为……
appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事
·make/have an appointment (with sb)(与某人)约会/预约
vt.任命；委派 (appointment n.约会；预约；任命；委任 appointed adj.约定的；指定的)
2
(1)I have something urgent to handle and therefore，I will appoint my brother (meet) you at the airport.
to meet
(2)At the (appoint) time we heard the jeep from the embassy at the gate of our house.
(3)得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信)
Learning that the student council，I sincerely congratulate you.
(4)很抱歉我不能陪你去书店，因为我已经预约了牙医。
I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookstore，_______
_______________________________________.
appointed
you have been appointed as/to be chairman of
for I
have made an appointment with my dentist
tend
·tend to do sth易于做某事；往往会发生某事
·have a tendency to do sth有做某事的倾向
vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于(tendency n.趋势；趋向)
(1)There is a growing (tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices.
(2)我写信向那些在我母亲手术后悉心照顾她的护士们表示衷心的感谢。(应用文写作之感谢信)
I am writing to express my sincere thanks to the nurses _______________
__________________________________.
3
tendency
who tended my
mother carefully after her operation
(3)此外，做暑期工的青少年往往更加自信，因为他们知道自己能够承担责任。
In addition，teens who hold summer jobs _________________________
__________________ because they learn that they are able to be responsible.
tend to/have a tendency to
be more confident
scare
·scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事
scare...away/off 把……吓跑
·be scared of doing/to do sth 害怕/不敢做某事
be scared of sb/sth 害怕某人/某事
be scared to death吓得要死
vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓 (scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的)
(1)After watching a (scare) film in the cinema，she was scared _____ walking home alone and therefore，she called a taxi.
4
scary
of
(2)新年期间的一个古老习俗是燃放爆竹，据说这是为了吓跑年兽。
One of the old customs during the New Year is setting off firecrackers，____________________________ the monster Nian.
(3)当我意识到那头熊要回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。
When I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us，_________
______________________.
(4)意识到自己的错误后，我胆怯地低下了头，不敢看父亲的阴云密布的脸。(读后续写之心理描写)
Having realized my mistake，I bowed my head timidly,______________
____________________________________.(形容词短语作状语)
which is said to scare away/off
I was
nearly scared to death
scared to look
at/of looking at my father’s cloudy face
assist
·assist sb to do/in doing sth 帮助某人做某事
assist sb with/in sth 在某方面帮助某人
·come/go to one’s assistance来/去帮助某人
with the assistance of...在……的帮助下
vt.帮助；援助 (assistance n.帮助；援助 assistant n.助手；助理)
(1)I am writing to convey my sincere gratitude to your shop __________ who came to my when I fainted in your shop.(assist)
5
assistant
assistance
(2)正是在你的慷慨帮助下，我成功地赢得了选举，并被任命为学生会主席。
______________________________________ I succeeded in winning the election and was appointed as chairman of the student council.(强调句式)
(3)这次活动不仅增进了我们学生之间的友谊，还帮助我们树立了积极的生活态度。
Not only did the activity strengthen the friendship among us students，__________________________________________________________.
It was with your generous assistance that
but it also assisted us in building a positive attitude towards life
harm
·do sb harm/do harm to sb 对某人有害
There is no harm (in) doing sth.做某事无害处。
·be harmful to对……有害
n.& vt.伤害；损害(harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的；无恶意的)
(1)The physician says that the medicine is harmful children but ___________ (harm) to adults.
6
harmless
to
(2)沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。因此，戒掉它没有害处。
Being addicted to online games our physical and mental health. Therefore， .
is harmful to/does harm to
there is no harm (in) getting rid of it
“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义
本句中“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义，意为“没有比……更……的了”。常用于此结构的否定词有：no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。
To a person nothing is more precious than their life...对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了……
(1)The judge exclaimed，“Your story is perfect and I’ve never heard a _______(good) one.”
７
better
(2)对我们来说，没有什么比向处在困境中的人传递善意更有意义了。(读后续写之升华句)
To us，nothing is to those in trouble.
(3)“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐！”妈妈激动地回答道。
“I ！” the mother responded excitedly.
more meaningful than passing on kindness
have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one
the＋序数词＋n.＋to do
·此句中的不定式to be hired...作后置定语，修饰名词woman。当中心词是序数词、
形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或前面有the only，the last，the
right等时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。
·在time，way，chance，ability，promise，attempt等名词后，常用不定式作
后置定语，表示将要发生的动作。
She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
８
(1)There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts ___________(contact) you failed.
(2)我不能错过这样一个增进彼此了解的宝贵机会。
I can’t afford to miss such a precious chance _______________________
________________.
to contact
to strengthen each other’s
understanding
(3)我强烈推荐李华作为我们的代表。李华是唯一一个在托福考试中取得满分的学生，因此他有能力与外国客人进行有效沟通。所以，我坚信他是承担这项任务的最佳候选人。(应用文写作之推荐信)
I strongly recommend Li Hua as our representative，who is the only student in the TOFEL exam and thus has the ability . Therefore，I firmly believe that he is the best candidate .
to achieve a full score
to effectively communicate with foreign guests
to undertake this task
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1.We set off at 6：00 sharp① in the morning.When taking a sharp② bend，we heard a sharp③ sound coming from the nearby woods.We cautiously approached the forest and found a cute dog caught in a trap.My friend，with a sharp④ mind，quickly took out a sharp⑤ knife，cut the trap，and rescued the poor dog.
①____________ ②________________ ③______________________
④______________ ⑤___________
adv.整点地
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
基础达标
adj.(方向)急转的
adj.(声音)突然而响亮的
adj.敏锐的
adj.锋利的
2.He was once in charge of a huge multinational operation①，overseeing operations② overseas.However，when taking part in an operation③ organized by the headquarters，he unfortunately suffered a serious injury and underwent a major operation④，which led to the end of his career.
①_______
②________
③_______________________
④________
n.企业
n.业务
n.(有组织的)活动，行动
n.手术
3.Her little brother tore① her favorite toy into pieces，which made her eyes fill with tears②.
①______________
②_____________
4.Realizing that there was only a faint① chance for him to be cured，he fell forward onto the table and fainted② in the dark room and then his breathing became faint③.
①_________________
②______________
③____________
v.撕开；撕裂
n.眼泪；泪水
adj.可能性不大的
vi.晕厥；昏倒
adj.微弱的
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1.It’s typical of him to respond others’ requests in spite of his own business.
2.Never have I experienced a (exciting) moment than now.
3.His colleagues assisted him (decorate) the house for his wedding.
4.We appointed her (represent) us to send our congratulations at the wedding ceremony.
to
more exciting
to decorate
to represent
5.The (major) of them are in favor of my proposal while a minority are against it.
6.The moment the boss arrived，the joyful atmosphere was replaced ________ a serious one.
7.After all，it is immoral to take advantage of others’ weaknesses to do harm them.
8.The most (energy) and significant festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.
majority
by/with
to
energetic
9.The saying “Once (bite)，twice shy” is a classic portrayal(写照) of how people can be affected by shadows.
10.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees can enjoy their work.
返 回
bitten
where
提升写作能力
Part Three
应用文增分练
优秀品行
(2023·全国甲)
你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1.人物简介及事迹；
2.意义或启示。
1.当谈到中国的历史人物，没有比孔子更著名的了。(否定词＋比较级)
_____________________________________________________________
2.孔子生于公元前551年，是一位哲学家、政治家和教育家，他的学说对中国文化和社会产生了深远的影响。(过去分词短语作状语；whose引导定语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
3.孔子是历史上第一个提倡人人都应有平等的受教育权的人。(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do)
_____________________________________________________________
应用文增分练
完成句子
4.他的哲学思想影响深远，他的学生编撰了《论语》一书纪念他。(so...that...；in memory of)
_____________________________________________________________
5.孔子的思想和理念在现代社会中仍然有意义，提醒我们教育、道德价值和尊重他人的重要性。(现在分词短语作状语)
_____________________________________________________________
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
应用文增分练
组句成篇
When it comes to Chinese historical figures，no one is more famous than Confucius，who is widely known for his teachings and philosophy.Born in 551 BCE，Confucius was a philosopher，politician，and educator whose teachings have had a lasting impact on Chinese culture and society.Confucius is the first person in history to advocate that everyone should have equal rights to be educated.His philosophy was so influential that a collection called Analects of Confucius was created by his students in memory of him.Confucius’ thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism.The teachings and philosophies of Confucius are still relevant in modern society，reminding us of the importance of education，moral values，and respect for others.
应用文增分练
参考范文
亮词 [情感描写] dilemma；complain；passive；scared；sharp；in memory of；in tears；in despair；tension
[人物描写] moral；virtue；precious；energetic；pregnant；flexible；appoint；elect；whisper；pass away；assist；replace；principle；chairman
续写积累提能练
教材语料整合
美句 1.As a five-year-old girl，Lin Qiaozhi was deeply affected by her mother’s death.At age 18，instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls，she chose to study medicine.(人物描写)
2.She was more interested in tending patients，publishing medical research on care for women and children，and training the next generation of doctors.(人物描写)
3.Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.(哲理感悟)
美句 4.Early one morning，the king disguised himself and went to a local village.He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street and hid gold coins under the stone.Then he hid behind a huge maple tree and watched.(动作描写)
5.The king was in despair.(情感描写)
动作细节描写：哭泣流泪(一)
单词 weep v.哭泣；water v.(眼睛)充满眼泪；sob v.啜泣，呜咽；moan v.呻吟；sniffle v.(因哭泣)抽鼻子；wail/bawl v.放声大哭
词块 be bathed in tears 泪流满面；fight/hold back tears强忍住眼泪；be in floods of tears泪如泉涌；burst into tears/burst out crying突然哭起来；shed tears流泪；choke up哽咽；cry one’s eyes out/sob your heart out痛哭不止；cry bitter/lonely tears流下痛苦/孤独的泪水；sob/weep with one’s face buried in one’s hands掩面哭泣；bawl one’s eyes out号啕大哭
续写积累提能练
拓展语料积累
句型 1.Jane turned to me with tears in her eyes，and begged me to help her.(with复合结构)简眼含泪水地转向我，恳求我帮帮她。
2.Bill fought back his tears and tried to comfort Sarah’s mother.比尔强忍住泪水，并试图安慰桑拉的母亲。
3.Her hands were shaking and she was on the verge of tears.她的手在颤抖，快要哭出来了。
4.Cecil came round later，crying his eyes out，asking me to forgive him.赛西尔后来来了，哭得很伤心，请求我原谅他。
5.Her vision blurred as tears overflowed.她的视线模糊了，泪水涌了出来。
积极的人生态度
Susan was caught in a car accident and fainted.She finally came to herself after a chain of operations but went blind forever，①__________
_______________________________(定语从句).Scared to face the future，② (with复合结构).
苏珊在一场车祸中昏迷了。经过一系列的手术后，她终于苏醒过来，但却永远失明，这将她投入了绝望的深渊。因为害怕面对未来，她经常掩面哭泣。
续写积累提能练
语料运用
which
threw her in the depths of despair
she often sobbed/wept with her face buried in her hands
Seeing Susan ③ (分词短语作宾补)，Mark，her husband，was heartbroken.He tended Susan with great care and ④_____________
_______________________________________ and step out of such a dilemma.Mark bought Susan a guide dog，encouraged her to learn Braille and ⑤ to take part in activities.看到苏珊泪流满面，丈夫马克心碎了。他非常细心地照顾苏珊，决心帮助她恢复力量和信心，走出困境。马克给苏珊买了一只导盲犬，鼓励她学习盲文，并陪她去社区参加活动。
bathed in tears
determined to
assist her to regain strength and confidence
accompanied her to the community
Gradually，⑥ .She whispered gently，“Mark，thank you.⑦___________________________
____________________________(强调句式).”
渐渐地，苏珊的紧张情绪被自信所取代。她轻声说：“马克，谢谢你。是你帮助我渡过了难关。”
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Susan’s tension was replaced by/with confidence
It was you that/who carried
me through the tough situation
