Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．cholera n．霍乱
2．diarrhoea n．腹泻
3．dehydration n．脱水
4．germ n．微生物；细菌；病菌
5．pump n．泵；抽水机；打气筒
6．water pump 水泵
7．household n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人
8．statistic n．[pl.-s] 统计数字；统计资料；统计学
9．epidemiology n．流行病学
10．microscope n．显微镜
11．protein n．蛋白质
12．cell n．细胞；小房间；单间牢房；电池
13．virus n．病毒
14．vaccine n．疫苗
15．framework n．框架；结构
16．theoretical framework理论框架
17．rainbow n．彩虹
18．plasma n．血浆
19．aerospace n．航空航天工业
20．patriotic adj.爱国的
21．mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的
22．mechanic n．机械师；机械修理工
23．aviation n．航空制造业；航空；飞行
24．jet n．喷气式飞机
25．missile n．导弹
26．telescope n．望远镜
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
2．contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
3．suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任
n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
4．blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责
n．责备；指责
5．handle n．把手；拉手；柄
vt.处理；(用手)触、碰、拿，搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
6．link n．联系；纽带
vt.把……连接起来；相关联
7．raw adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的
8．substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的
9．decrease n．减少；降低；减少量
vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
10．thinking n．思想；思维；见解
11．finding n．发现；调查结果；(法律)判决
12．initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的
13．solid adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的
n．固体
14．cast vt.(cast，cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷
15．shadow n．阴影；影子；背光处
16．pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
17．concrete n．混凝土
adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的
18．leadership n．领导；领导地位；领导才能
19．trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出
n．痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
20．outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的
21．abstract adj.抽象的；理论上的
n．(文献等的)摘要
22．concept n．概念；观念
23．besides prep.除……之外(还)
adv.而且；此外
24．brilliant adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的
25．furthermore adv.此外；再者
26．shift n．改变；转换；轮班
vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向
27．vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrate vt.使懊恼；使沮丧→frustration n．沮丧；懊恼；挫败
2．infection n．感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染→infectious adj.感染的；传染的
3．proof n．证据；证明；检验→prove vt.证明 link v．证明是
4．multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的→multiply vi.& vt.乘；成倍增加；繁殖
5．intervention n．介入；出面；干涉→intervene vi.干扰；介入
6．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defence n．防御；保卫；保护
7．assistant n．助理；助手→assist vt.& vi.帮助；协助→assistance n．帮助；协助；援助
8．gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n．礼物；天赋
9．steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→steadily adv.稳定地；持续地
10．astronomer n．天文学家→astronomy n．天文学
11．fault n．弱点；过错→faulty adj.错误的；有缺陷的
12．subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)→subscription n．订阅，订购
13．transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变→transformation n．(彻底的)变化，改观，转变
14．pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purely adv.完全地；纯粹地→purify vt.净化；使……洁净；提纯
积累——构词法 学一法 会一类
动词后缀-fy/-ify：通常用来表示“使成为”“使发生”或“使具有某种性质”，如：purify(使……洁净)；beautify(使变美，美化)；qualify(使合格)；classify(分类)等。
(1)The scientist modified the experiment to get better results.修改，调整(猜加黑词义)
(2)Her anxiety about the world was amplifying her personal fears about her future.放大；增强
(3)To improve understanding，the teacher aimed to simplify the complex math concepts by breaking them down into smaller parts.简化
1．betray /bI'treI/ vt.背叛；出卖；流露
2．stick up to支持；捍卫
3．nurture /'n t (r)/ vt.培育；养育
4．dwell /dwel/ vi.居住；栖身
dwell on老是想着或唠叨某事(尤指令人不愉快之事)
5．parallel /'p r lel/ adj.对应的；平行的
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．once and for all最终地；彻底地
2．subscribe to同意，赞同；订阅；定期捐助
3．thanks to幸亏；由于
4．break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
5．in charge of主管；掌管
6．come down with患(病)；染上(小病)
7．above all最重要的是；尤其是
8．die from/of死于
9．in time及时；迟早
10．be likely to do sth 很可能做某事
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.(until引导的时间状语从句)
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
2．He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.(so...that...)
他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱暴发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。
3．Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.(that引导的宾语从句)
斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
4．It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(It seemed that...似乎……)
该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。
5．Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.(have sth done)
因此，他让人把水泵的把手拆掉，这样水泵就用不成了。
6．Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair，unable to move and using a computer to talk.(形容词短语作状语)
大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹，只能通过电脑来说话的样子。
体验——析真题长句 知高考难度
(2024·浙江1月)For a few months after the “library” opened，I didn’t bother taking a look，as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheesy love stories.
[句式分析] 此句是主从复合句。after引导时间状语从句，as引导原因状语从句，that引导宾语从句。
[尝试翻译] 在“图书馆”开放后的几个月里，我都懒得看一眼，因为我以为里面会塞满俗气的爱情故事。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每空1分，共10分)
1．household n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人
2．statistic n．[pl.-s] 统计数字；统计资料；统计学
3．microscope n．显微镜
4．protein n．蛋白质
5．virus n．病毒
6．vaccine n．疫苗
7．aerospace n．航空航天工业
8．patriotic adj.爱国的
9．mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的
10．telescope n．望远镜
Ⅱ.重点单词(每空1分，共15分)
1．severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
2．suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
3．blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责
4．handle n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；(用手)触、碰、拿，搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
5．decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
6．finding n．发现；调查结果；(法律)判决
7．initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的
8．shadow n．阴影；影子；背光处
9．trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出 n．痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
10．outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的
11．besides prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且；此外
12．furthermore adv.此外；再者
13．vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的
14．shift n．改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向
15．concrete n．混凝土 adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每空1分，共15分)
1．frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrate vt.使懊恼；使沮丧→frustration n．沮丧；懊恼；挫败
2．multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的→multiply vi.& vt.乘；成倍增加；繁殖
3．pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purely adv.完全地；纯粹地→purify vt.净化；使……洁净；提纯
4．assistant n．助理；助手→assist vt.& vi.帮助；协助→assistance n．帮助；协助；援助
5．fault n．弱点；过错→faulty adj.错误的；有缺陷的
6．astronomer n．天文学家→astronomy n．天文学
Ⅳ.核心短语(每空1分，共8分)
1．once and for all最终地；彻底地
2．subscribe to同意；赞同
3．thanks to幸亏；由于
4．break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
5．in charge of主管；掌管
6．come down with患(病)；染上(小病)
7．above all最重要的是；尤其是
8．be likely to do sth 很可能做某事
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每空1分，共18分)
1．With solid proof，the lawyer can certainly prove that he is innocent.(prove)
2．He was infected with an infectious disease and the serious infection likely claimed his life.(infect)
3．To defend her from being hurt，I must say something in her defence/defense(defend)．
4．The gifted girl who is distributing gifts among the homeless children has a gift for music.(gift)
5．With steady policies，the company’s exports have been increasing steadily.(steady)
6．The government’s timely intervention has prevented the situation from worsening，demonstrating the role of the government in intervening in such crises.(intervene)
7．I subscribed to several online magazines last month，and the subscriptions(subscribe) provide me with access to informative and entertaining content.
8．The invention of the smartphone has transformed the way we communicate，marking a significant transformation in modern technology.(transform)
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)(共24分)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.约翰极其专注且充满动力，他孜孜不倦地工作在自己的项目上，直到凌晨时分。(形容词短语作状语) 2．真正使他与众不同的是他在解决复杂问题上的创新方法。(what引导主语从句) 3．因为他非凡的创造力，约翰很可能在工程领域取得更多重大的突破。(thanks to; be likely to do) 4．他的想法极具开创性，吸引了全球顶尖专家的关注。(so...that...) 5．约翰的成功表明，只有凭借毅力和坚定的决心，一个人的努力才能得到回报。(that引导宾语从句) 1.Extremely dedicated and highly motivated，John worked tirelessly on his project until the early hours of the morning.2.What truly set him apart was his innovative approach to solving complex problems.3. Thanks to his exceptional creativity，John was likely to make more great breakthroughs in the field of engineering.His ideas were 4.so groundbreaking that they captured the attention of leading experts worldwide.Not only did he earn numerous accolades，but he also inspired a generation of young engineers to dream big.John’s success showed 5.that only with perseverance and strong determination can one’s efforts pay off.
Since the severe disease broke out，many people all over the world 1.have been infected(infect)．The outstanding，gifted，and patriotic specialists in epidemiology，along with their assistants，have been 2.in charge of tracing the source of the virus in order to prevent more people from 3.being killed(kill)．They aim to develop a vaccine to deal with the deadly disease once and for all.Initially，based on the concrete evidence 4.collected(collect)，they suspected that one special kind of wild animal was 5.to blame(blame)．However，by observing the virus under the microscope，they gathered solid and comprehensive statistics and understood the structure of the virus，which 6.gradually(gradual) changed their initial contradictory thinking.All the findings convinced them that the virus was not directly linked to the wild animal，which frustrated the brilliant experts.This also cast a shadow on the experts，so they had to shift their focus towards 7.how to prevent the virus from spreading among people.Above all，the less we go out，the less likely we are to contract the deadly disease.Furthermore，taking in more protein and eating more vegetables are good 8.choices(choose) as well.Last but not least，what we should do is wear masks outdoors.Thanks to these interventions，the threat of the disease has seen a substantial decrease.The disease has taught us to lead 9.a healthy life，such as drinking pure or boiled water and avoiding raw foods.Most importantly，we should have faith in our government，under 10.whose leadership we have achieved steady success.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．指责；责备
·be to blame (for sth)(对某事)负有责任，应受责备 blame sb for sth 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人 blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某事 ·take/bear/shoulder the blame (for sth)承担(……的)过错/责任 put/place/lay the blame (for sth) on sb把(……的)责任推给某人
(1)I realized that I was to blame(blame) for the missed opportunity for I should have prepared better and seized it when it came.
(2)说实话，你不应该把失败完全归咎于你的搭档。毕竟，你也应该承担其中的一些责任。
To be honest，you should not completely blame your partner for the failure/blame the failure on your partner.After all，you should also take/bear/shoulder some of the blame for it.
(3)由于被指责考试没考好，女孩忍不住掩面痛哭。(读后续写之情绪描写)
Blamed for not performing well in the examination，the girl couldn’t help crying bitterly，burying her face in her hands.
decrease vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 n．减少；降低；减少量
·decrease (from...) to...(从……)减少到…… decrease by...降低了…… decrease in...在……方面减少/减小/下降 ·on the decrease在减少 a decrease of...(in...)(在……方面)……的减少量
(1)Thanks to the government’s timely intervention，the number of people affected by the disease has decreased to three hundred.
(2)According to a report，there has been a decrease of nearly 6% in the number of visitors to the museum.
(3)据报道，由于智能手机的问世，看杂志的人数在减少。
It is reported that as a result of the appearance of smartphones the number of people who read magazines is on the decrease/is decreasing.
defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解 [defenc(s)e n．防御；保卫；保护]
·defend...against/from (doing...)保护……免受…… defend oneself自卫；为自己辩护 ·in defence (of)保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护 in one’s defence为某人辩护
(1)Faced with the severe disaster，the government firmly promised to defend its people against/from being harmed.
(2)The assistant stepped back appearing frightened and put up her hands as if in defence/defense(defend)．
(3)在逆境中，保护我们自己免受消极思想和压力的影响是很重要的。(读后续写之主旨升华)
In times of adversity，it’s important to defend ourselves from/against negative thoughts and stress.
above all最重要的是；尤其是
after all毕竟；终究 first of all首先；第一 all in all整体说来；总而言之 in all全部；合计 at all (否定句)一点也，完全；(疑问句)到底；究竟
用all相关短语的正确形式填空。
Learning that you are coming to Beijing Language and Culture University as an exchange student，I am writing to offer you some suggestions.First of all，it would be beneficial if you could learn some basic Chinese before you arrive.After all，you will be in completely unfamiliar surroundings.Secondly，you should strive to be outgoing，active，and confident.Above all，maintaining an optimistic attitude will greatly assist you in adapting to the new environment.All in all，pursuing a degree in a different culture is not an easy task at all，but with the right mindset and preparation，you will surely succeed.
until引导的时间状语从句 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
·画线部分是由until引导的时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么主句需用肯定形式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。 ·倒装结构：部分倒装“Not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋谓语助动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。 ·强调结构：It is/was not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。
(1)我将一直在农场工作直到我挣到足够的钱帮助爸爸买辆新拖拉机。
I will keep working on the farm until I earn enough money to help my father buy a new tractor.
(2)直到参加了篮球队，我才意识到团队合作的重要性。
①I didn’t realize the significance of team work until I took part in the basketball team.(not...until...)
②Not until I took part in the basketball team did I realize the significance of team work.(倒装句)
③It was not until I took part in the basketball team that I realized the significance of team work.(强调句)
so...that... He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱暴发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。
so/such...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。 ·so...that...句型的常见形式： so＋adj./adv.＋that... so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(单数)＋that... so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that... ·such...that...句型的常见形式： such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(单数)＋that... such＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that... ·当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。
(1)他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉自己舌头打结，手心出汗。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)
①He was so nervous that he felt his tongue tied and his palms sweating.
②So nervous was he that he felt his tongue tied and his palms sweating.(用倒装句改写)
(2)我写信是想和你分享上周五我在公园里参加的一堂艺术课。那是一个非常成功的活动，所有学生都给予了高度评价。(2024·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)
I’m writing to share with you about an art class I attended in a park last Friday.It was such a successful activity/so successful an activity that all the students spoke highly of it.
(3)她工作非常投入，最终赢得了科技展览的一等奖。
She worked with such dedication that she eventually won first prize in the science fair.
have sth done Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.因此，他让人把水泵的把手拆掉，这样水泵就用不成了。
have sth done使某事被做；请人做某事；主语遭遇某事 have sb do sth 让某人做某事 have sb/sth doing sth 让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态 can’t have sb doing sth 不能容忍某人做某事 have sth to do有某事要做
(1)一旦您的订单被确认，我们将在24小时内为您配送。
Once your order is confirmed，we will have it delivered within 24 hours.
(2)我遗憾地通知您，我们必须要求您退出比赛，因为我们不能容忍任何人在比赛中作弊。
I regret to inform you that we must ask you to withdraw from the competition，as we can’t have anybody cheating in the game.
(3)非常抱歉让你等了这么久，但我刚才确实有一件急事要处理。
I’m terribly sorry for having you waiting for so long but I really had an urgent matter to attend to just now.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．When handling① the controls，you should not handle② them so hard，or they will be stuck.If this happens，to handle③ the problem successfully，you just need to shake the handle④ slightly so that it can return to its original position.
①vt.操纵 ②vt.(用手)触、碰、拿 ③vt.处理 ④n.把手
2．I subscribe to① the view that everyone should subscribe to② the charity if circumstances permit，whether by making direct donations or by subscribing to③ their publications.
①同意 ②定期捐助 ③订阅
3．There is solid① evidence that the planet Jupiter may have no solid② surface at all.
①adj.可靠的 ②adj.固体的
4．In the small cell① lived a scientist who studied the behavior of cells② in the body and an engineer who developed the cells③ for the new electric vehicle.
①n.小房间 ②n.细胞 ③n.电池
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．Furthermore，table tennis is such an interesting game that people all over the world play it.
2．The burn was severely(severe) painful，requiring immediate medical attention.
3．In defence/defense(defend) of our planet，we must take immediate action to reduce our carbon footprint.
4．However gifted(gift) you are，you won’t succeed without constant effort and perseverance.
5．I was overcome with sadness because I was suspected of stealing his money.
6．Such a mean woman is she that she is always finding fault with others，which really gets us annoyed.
7．The outstanding astronomer who devoted himself to his career came down with a severe illness.
8．I entirely believe that you are not linked to/with what happened just now.
9．Thanks to your generous help and kindness，my first Canada trip was transformed into an unforgettable memory.(应用文写作之感谢信)
10．He tried to blame his failure on bad luck，but deep down he knew he hadn’t worked hard enough.
假定你是李华，近日你校举办了以“科学之美”为主题的科学节 science festival 。请你根据以下要点，给你的外国朋友Peter写一封信介绍该活动，内容包括： 1.举办时间；2.活动内容；3.师生反响。
完成句子
1．我写信是想告诉你，上周我们学校举办了一个以“科学之美”为主题的科学节，目的是提高学生对科学的认识。(that引导宾语从句)
2．我们仿佛沉浸在科学的王国中，享受着科学的盛宴。(It seems that...)
3．这个节日持续了几乎一整天，直到标志着最后一节课结束的铃声响起。(until引导时间状语从句；现在分词短语作后置定语)
4．既激动又兴奋，不仅学生，而且一些老师也积极参与其中。(形容词短语作状语；not only...but also)
5．这个科学节如此吸引人，以至于所有参与者都给予了高度评价，并希望这样的活动能经常举办。(so...that...的倒装结构)
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
参考范文
Dear Peter，
How is everything going these days I am writing to tell you that a science festival on the theme of “The Beauty of Science” was launched in our school last week，with the purpose of raising students’ awareness of science.
During the festival，a series of scientific knowledge quizzes，fascinating lectures on advanced technologies，and displays of various scientific works created by us students were arranged.It seemed that we were indulging in the kingdom of science and enjoying a science feast.The festival lasted almost a whole day until the bell indicating the end of the last class rang.Thrilled and excited，not only the students but also some of the teachers participated actively.So attractive was the festival that all participants spoke highly of it and hoped that such activities would be held frequently.
That’s all about the activity.Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
教材语料整合
亮词 [人物描写] frustrated；contradictory；gifted；outstanding；brilliant；leadership
[动作描写] subscribe to；suspect；blame；handle；transform；cast；defend→defence/defense；come down (with)；in charge of
美句 1.He was determined to find out why.(情感描写) 2．For this reason，Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.(比喻) 3．Born in Shanghai in 1911，Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.(人物描写) 4．On 31 October 2009，the whole country was saddened by Qian’s death.(拟人) 5．Besides being brilliant，he was brave，though sometimes careless in what he said or did.(人物描写)
拓展语料积累 情感细节描写：愤怒(一)
单词 rage n．& v．愤怒；boil v．怒火中烧；furious adj.狂怒的；cross adj.生气的；mad adj.很生气→madly adv.发狂地；angry adj.生气的→anger n．生气；愤怒 v．激怒→angrily adv.生气地；annoy v．惹生气；惹怒→annoyed adj.生气的→annoying adj.令人生气的→annoyance n．生气；愤怒
词块 flame with anger/rage气得脸通红；turn white with anger气得脸色发白；be purple with anger/rage气得脸色发紫；a flame of anger怒火；cloud (over) with anger怒容满面；boil with anger勃然大怒；glare at sb怒目而视；bite one’s head off气愤地对某人大喊大叫；lose one’s temper发脾气
句型 1.My teacher was extremely displeased at my conduct and almost shouted at me angrily.我的老师对我的行为极为不满，几乎愤怒地对我大喊大叫。 2.The moment I saw him，a flame of anger shot through me.一看到他我就怒火中烧。 3.He got hot under the collar when he was asked to be responsible for what he had done.当他被要求为自己的行为负责时，他很愤怒。 4.Rage flowed through her like lava when she got the annoying news.当她得到这个令人气愤的消息时，愤怒像熔岩一样弥漫她全身。 5.Her silly conduct really made my blood boil.她愚蠢的行为真让我怒火中烧。 6.One thing you should keep in mind is that your certain habits may get on other people’s nerves.你得记住一件事：你的某些习惯可能会把别人惹毛。
语料运用 杰出人物
Learning Qian Xuesen was determined to return to his motherland，the authorities of the US ①boiled with anger/got hot under the collar.They ②couldn’t allow such a brilliant genius to leave and detained his families，③which made him flame with anger/rage(定语从句)．④So angry was he that(倒装结构) he gave up all he had achieved in America.⑤With a flame of anger in mind(with的复合结构)，he wisely fought with the US and after overcoming many difficulties，he managed to return to China in 1955.His return ⑥cast a light on China’s rocket science and ⑦under his leadership，China developed the Dongfeng missiles.
美国当局知道钱学森决心回国后，极为生气。他们不能允许这样一个才华横溢的天才离开，扣留了他的家人，这让他勃然大怒。他如此愤怒以至于放弃了他在美国取得的一切。带着满腔怒火，他高明地与美国斗争，并在克服了许多困难后，于1955年成功返回中国。他的归来为中国火箭科学带来了曙光，在他的领导下，中国研制出了东风导弹。
单元主题组合练
[62.5分]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·安徽亳州期末)
As the planet gets hotter，the need for cool living environments is becoming more urgent.But air conditioning is a major ①contributor to global warming since its units release powerful greenhouse gases and use lots of energy.
Now，researchers from McGill University，UCLA and Princeton have found in a new study an inexpensive，sustainable alternative to mechanical cooling with refrigerants(制冷剂) in hot and dry climates，and a way to relieve dangerous heat waves during electricity blackouts.
The researchers set out to answer how to achieve a new benchmark(基准) in passive cooling inside naturally conditioned buildings in hot climates such as Southern California.As an attempt，they examined the use of roof materials that radiate(辐射) heat into the cold universe，even under direct sunlight，and how to combine them with temperature-driven ventilation(通风)．These cool radiator materials and coatings are often used to stop roofs overheating.Researchers have also used them to improve heat rejection from chillers.But there is untapped potential for integrating them into ②architectural design more fully，so they can not only reject indoor heat to outer space in a passive way，but also drive regular and healthy air changes.
“We found we could maintain air temperatures several degrees below the current surrounding temperature，and several degrees more below a reference ‘gold standard’ for passive cooling，” said Remy Fortin，lead author and PhD candidate at McGill University.“We did this without sacrificing healthy ventilation air changes.” This was a considerable challenge，considering air exchanges are a source of heating when the aim is to keep a room cooler than the outside.
The researchers hope the findings will be used to positively impact communities suffering from dangerous climate heating and heatwaves.“We hope that materials scientists，architects，and engineers will be interested in these results，and that our work will inspire more complete thinking for how to integrate breakthroughs in radiative cooling materials with simple but effective architectural solutions，” said Remy Fortin.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科研人员发现一种廉价且绿色的制冷方案。
1．What might cause researchers to look for an alternative to air conditioning
A．The severe shortage of energy.
B．The greenhouse effect of air conditioning.
C．The increasing dangerous heatwaves.
D．The need for cool living environments.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But air conditioning is a major contributor to global warming since its units release powerful greenhouse gases and use lots of energy.”可知，空调的温室效应可能促使研究人员寻找空调的替代品，故选B。
2．Why did researchers examine the use of roof materials
A．To obtain ideas for their research.
B．To prevent roofs from overheating.
C．To find the best material for roofs.
D．To make roofs well ventilated.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The researchers set out to answer how to achieve...As an attempt，they examined the use of roof materials that radiate(辐射) heat into the cold universe...”可知，研究人员研究能辐射热量的屋顶材料的使用是想尝试解答如何在炎热气候下的自然条件建筑内实现被动冷却的新基准，即为他们的研究获取想法，故选A。
3．What is Remy’s attitude towards the new findings
A．Uncaring. B．Disapproving.
C．Positive. D．Worried.
答案 C
解析 观点态度题。根据第四段中“We did this without sacrificing healthy ventilation air changes.”和最后一段中“We hope that materials scientists...be interested in these results，and that our work will inspire more complete thinking for...”可知，雷米对研究结果感到自豪，并希望更多学者对此感兴趣并进行进一步研究，由此可推知他对新发现的态度是积极的，故选C。
4．What is the best title for the text
A．An Effective Architectural Solution
B．A Major Contributor to Global Warming
C．A Sustainable Alternative to Air Conditioning
D．A More Complete Thinking for Cooling Materials
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第二段“Now，researchers from...found in a new study an inexpensive，sustainable alternative to mechanical cooling with refrigerants...”可知，本文主要介绍科研人员发现一种比空调更加节能环保的制冷方案。C项“空调的可持续替代品”适合作标题，故选C。
语境猜词 ①contributor(派)＝contribut(e)＋or n．促成因素 ②architectural(合)＝architectur(e)＋al adj.建筑学的；建筑上的
B
(2024·湖南岳阳三模)
Rich variety exists in primates(灵长目动物)．Monkeys roll on snowy Japanese mountains，gorillas chew fruit on Sumatra，lemurs jump between trees in Madagascar，and the naked apes—humans—walk proudly on two legs worldwide.Scientists can now study the DNA differences beyond that diversity，thanks to a ①databank of genomes(基因组) from 233 species.
To understand the good and bad of human evolution—both our extraordinary adaptations and disease-causing changes—scientists must compare the genomes of Homo sapiens(智人) to our closest evolutionary relatives，the primates.But researchers investigating diverse topics，from contemporary genetic diseases to human origins，have long faced a ②roadblock when pursuing this approach：While genomic data exists from millions of people，most of the 500-plus primate species never had their genomes read.So，in 2019，Tomàs Marquès-Bonet at the Institute of Evolutionary Biology，in Barcelona，Spain，and other biologists teamed up with disease researchers at the company Illumina，determined to obtain as many primate genomes as possible.
Navigating wilderness and local permitting laws，the international researchers obtained hundreds of blood samples from wild and caged animals in South America，Africa，and Asia.Arranging DNA from these samples and adding data from previous studies，the team built a bank of 809 genomes from individual baboons，gorillas，gibbons，and more，representing nearly half the known primate species.
The data revealed insights about human origins and health，as well as primate conservation，published by more than 100 scientists across 10 papers in Science and Science Advances in June 2023.One study trained artificial intelligence to search human genomes for DNA differences likely to cause disease，based on whether nonhuman primates can live with those variants.According to Marquès-Bonet，“We now have a really good list of the ③foundations of our species and a good idea of the kind of variations that are tolerated in any primate—including humans.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们建立灵长目动物基因组数据库来研究DNA的差异。
5．What can we learn from paragraph 1
A．Primates vary mainly in habitats.
B．Scientists focus on the diversity of primates.
C．There are 233 species of primates in the world.
D．Primate genomes are important for studying the DNA differences.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Scientists can now study the DNA differences beyond that diversity，thanks to a databank of genomes(基因组) from 233 species.”可知，有了灵长目动物的基因组数据库科学家才能研究DNA差异，所以灵长目动物的基因组对于研究DNA的差异非常重要。故选D。
6．Why did the scientists build the databank of genomes
A．To cure human’s various genetic diseases.
B．To help human adapt to the environment.
C．To investigate the process of human evolution.
D．To understand the strength and drawback of human evolution.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“To understand the good and bad of human evolution...scientists must compare the genomes of...most of the 500-plus primate species never had their genomes read.”可知，科学家们建立基因组数据库是因为要通过与灵长目动物的对比来了解人类进化的利弊。故选D。
7．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The reasons for building the databank.
B．The process of building the databank.
C．The impacts of building the databank.
D．The difficulties in building the databank.
答案 B
解析 段落大意题。根据第三段“Navigating wilderness and local permitting laws，the international researchers obtained hundreds of blood samples...Arranging DNA from these samples and adding data from previous studies，the team built a bank...”可知，这段介绍的是建立数据库的过程。故选B。
8．What does Marquès-Bonet think of the databank
A．It still needs to be improved.
B．It is of great value to future research.
C．It is of little help to present research.
D．It is unclear whether it’s beneficial to humans.
答案 B
解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段中Marquès-Bonet说的话“We now have a really good list of the foundations of our species and a good idea of the kind of variations that are tolerated in any primate—including humans.”可推知他认为该数据库提供了关于灵长目动物的全面信息，对今后的研究具有重要的价值。故选B。
语境猜词 ①databank(合)＝data＋bank n．数据库 ②roadblock(合)＝road＋block n．路障；障碍 ③foundation(派)＝found＋ation n．基础
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·山东青岛检测)
Feeling guilty about your daily afternoon nap Don’t.Research shows that catching a few ZZZs after lunch can be good for your brain. 1
Napping for 30 to 90 minutes can provide significant brain benefits.Researchers looked at data from 2,974 adults in China.They discovered that those who napped for 30 to 90 minutes had better word ①recall and figure drawing abilities than those who didn’t nap or napped for longer than 90 minutes.However，longer naps，particularly those longer than 90 minutes，might cause problems. 2 It in turn leads to needing longer naps during the day，which can cause mental issues，feeling dizzy after waking，and trouble sleeping at night.
Charlene Gamaldo，M.D.，medical director of the Johns Hopkins Sleep Disorders Center，emphasizes the importance of considering individual sleep needs and cycles when it comes to napping. 3 She advises that if you’re experiencing sleeplessness or taking longer than 30 minutes to fall asleep at night，it might be wise to limit your nap duration.This balance is crucial for maintaining overall sleep quality.
The study also suggests that both too much and too little sleep can be linked to poor health and a shorter life. 4 For most of us，the ideal nap length can have a significant positive impact on brain health and overall well-being.
5 So，enjoy your afternoon nap，but keep it within the golden time range to get the most benefits.
A．It symbolizes a good memory.
B．Resting more during the day is ②restorative.
C．Therefore，it’s essential to get the right quantity.
D．But keep in mind that the length of your nap matters.
E．One reason is that they suggest poor quality in nighttime sleep.
F．A ③well-timed nap helps maintain thinking skills and good health.
G．While napping is beneficial，it should not disturb nighttime sleep.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究表明午饭后小睡一会儿对大脑有好处。
1．答案 D
解析 根据上文“Research shows that catching a few ZZZs after lunch can be good for your brain.”和下文“Napping for 30 to 90 minutes can provide significant brain benefits.”可知，上文提到午饭后小睡有好处，下文提到小睡的时长有要求，D项和上文形成转折关系，并且强调睡眠时长很重要，符合语境。故选D。
2．答案 E
解析 根据上文“However，longer naps，particularly those longer than 90 minutes，might cause problems.”可知，过长的小睡可能会带来问题，E项承接并解释上文，指出这种现象的一个原因是过长小睡意味着夜间睡眠质量不佳，符合语境，并与下文构成“夜间睡不好——白天需要睡更久”的恶性循环。故选E。
3．答案 G
解析 根据上文“Charlene Gamaldo...emphasizes the importance of considering individual sleep needs and cycles when it comes to napping.”可知，考虑个人睡眠需求和周期是重要的，G项指出不应让小睡扰乱夜间睡眠，符合语境，并能引出下文Charlene对于午后小睡和夜间睡眠之间平衡的建议。故选G。
4．答案 C
解析 根据上文“The study also suggests that both too much and too little sleep can be linked to poor health and a shorter life.”可知，正确的睡眠时长很重要。C项符合语境，与上文形成因果关系，right quantity与上文“too much and too little”相呼应。故选C。
5．答案 F
解析 根据下文“So，enjoy your afternoon nap，but keep it within the golden time range to get the most benefits.”可知，本段主要建议适时小睡以获得最大的好处，作为全文的总结。F项符合语境，与下文形成因果关系。故选F。
语境猜词 ①recall(熟义：v.回忆) 生义(文义)：n.记忆力 ②restorative(派)＝restor(e)＋ative adj.促使恢复健康(或体力、精神)的 ③well-timed(合)＝well＋timed adj.适时的
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·河北邯郸三模)
Dr.Francis Collins is one of America’s leading scientists.In an interview，Dr.Collins was asked if there was any special spark or any moment in particular that 1 him to pursue a life of science.Dr.Collins 2 that in fact there was.He said that when he was in high school，on the first day of his first science course，the teacher ①handed each student a box 3 .The boxes were sealed on the outside and hollow on the inside.But each box 4 something.And as young Collins ②turned the box on its side and turned it around，he could 5 something rolling around inside.
What was it The teacher told the students that their 6 was to determine what was inside the box.They could 7 any kind of test or ask any kind of question that would lead them to find out what was inside the box.But they couldn’t 8 the box.They had to first find ways to 9 what was in the box.
“That’s what 10 is，” the teacher carefully 11 ，“being curious，and thinking of questions to ask，until you find out the answer.” Dr.Collins was 12 .He said that that day in class completely 13 his life.From then on，he was 14 to spending a life in science，where his job was to be 15 and ask lots of questions.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了柯林斯博士上高中时的一堂科学课，它彻底改变了他的人生轨迹，从那时起他就致力于科学研究。
1．A.forced B．inspired
C．ordered D．requested
答案 B
解析 force迫使；inspire鼓舞；order命令；request要求。根据上文“any special spark or”以及下文“him to pursue a life of science”并结合最后一段内容可知，柯林斯博士被问及是否有任何特别的火花或任何特别的时刻激励他追求科学。故选B。
2．A.doubted B．recognized
C．imagined D．replied
答案 D
解析 doubt怀疑；recognize认出；imagine想象；reply回复，回答。根据上文“In an interview，Dr.Collins was asked if”可知，柯林斯博士对该问题回答说，事实上是有的。故选D。
3．A.carefully B．hurriedly
C．secretly D．impatiently
答案 C
解析 carefully认真地；hurriedly匆匆地；secretly秘密地，神秘地；impatiently不耐烦地。根据下文“The teacher told the students that their was to determine what was inside the box.”可知，老师让学生自己去查明盒子里有什么，可推知是神秘地递给每个学生一个盒子。故选C。
4．A.represented B．meant
C．contained D．told
答案 C
解析 represent代表；mean 意味着；contain包含；tell告诉。根据下文“And as young Collins turned the box on its side and turned it around，he could something rolling around inside.”可知，每个盒子里都装着东西。故选C。
5．A.see B．hear
C．fancy D．monitor
答案 B
解析 see看；hear听；fancy想象；monitor监测。根据上文“The boxes were sealed”可知，盒子被密封了，所以只能听到里面有东西在滚动。故选B。
6．A.campaign B．desire
C．ambition D．assignment
答案 D
解析 campaign战役；desire愿望；ambition抱负；assignment任务。根据下文“to determine what was inside the box”可知，老师告诉学生他们的任务是确定盒子里是什么。故选D。
7．A.avoid B．design
C．pass D．mark
答案 B
解析 avoid避免；design设计，构思；pass通过；mark标记。要弄清楚盒子里面到底是什么，他们可以设计任何一种测试。故选B。
8．A.open B．roll
C．throw D．hit
答案 A
解析 open打开；roll滚动；throw扔；hit打击。根据But可知，他们可以用测试或提问的方式，但不能直接打开盒子。故选A。
9．A.pick up B．draw on
C．figure out D．stick to
答案 C
解析 pick up拾起；draw on利用；figure out弄清楚；stick to坚持。根据上文“They could any kind of test or ask any kind of question that would lead them to find out what was inside the box.”可知，他们必须先想办法弄清楚盒子里是什么。故选C。
10．A.experiment B．science
C．education D．study
答案 B
解析 experiment实验；science科学；education教育；study学习。根据上文“his first science course”可知，老师在解释科学。故选B。
11．A.answered B．apologized
C．argued D．explained
答案 D
解析 answer回答；apologize道歉；argue争论；explain解释。由上文“That’s what is”和下文“being curious...the answer”可知，此处指老师认真解释道。故选D。
12．A.attracted B．confused
C．frightened D．disappointed
答案 A
解析 attract吸引；confuse使困惑；frighten使惊吓；disappoint使失望。根据下文“From then on，he was to spending a life in science”可知，柯林斯博士之后一直从事科学，所以是被吸引住了。故选A。
13．A.controlled B．improved
C．saved D．changed
答案 D
解析 control控制；improve提高；save挽救；change改变。根据下文“From then on，he was to spending a life in science”可知，那一天彻底改变了他的生活。故选D。
14．A.opposed B．exposed
C．committed D．used
答案 C
解析 oppose反对；expose暴露；commit犯(错误或罪行)；use使用。be committed to (doing) sth致力于(做)某事。根据下文“spending a life in science”可知，从那时起，他就致力于科学研究。故选C。
15．A.curious B．smart
C．generous D．optimistic
答案 A
解析 curious好奇的；smart聪明的；generous慷慨的；optimistic乐观的。根据上文“being curious”可知，他的工作就是保持好奇。故选A。
语境猜词 ①hand(转)n.→v.递 ②turn sth on its side把某物翻转过来
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Chinese scientists have started a scientific expedition to the Mount Qomolangma. 1.__________ total of 170 scientists have begun to do research on water，ecology and human activity，aiming 2. (reveal) the mechanism of environmental change and optimize the ①ecological security barrier system on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.
3． (label) as the roof of the world and water tower of Asia，the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is an essential ecological security barrier in China.It is also a natural laboratory for 4.__________ (conduct) research on the evolution of Earth and life，and the relationship between man and Earth.5. an important part of the research，the ongoing expedition is 6.__________ (particular) important to the study of the impact of ②climatic and environmental changes in the Mount Qomolangma region on other parts of the world.
The expedition focuses on major scientific 7. (issue)，such as how the extreme high-altitude environment of the Mount Qomolangma changes under the influence of global warming，according to Yao Tandong,8. is the team leader.“The expedition has realized the 9. (transform) from ‘I want to conquer you’ to ‘I want to understand you’，achieved the application of new technologies and resulted in important international influence，” he said.So far，many scientific achievements 10. (make)．
语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国科学家已开始对珠穆朗玛峰进行多方位科学考察，旨在揭示青藏高原环境变化的机制，优化生态安全屏障系统。
1．答案 A
解析 考查冠词。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语a total of(总共)，句首单词首字母大写。故填A。
2．答案 to reveal
解析 考查不定式。分析句子可知，此处为固定用法aim to do sth(旨在做某事)，故填to reveal。
3．答案 Labeled/Labelled
解析 考查过去分词。非谓语动词label和逻辑主语the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Labeled/Labelled。
4．答案 conducting
解析 考查动名词。作介词for的宾语，用动名词形式。故填conducting。
5．答案 As
解析 考查介词。根据句意可知此处表示“作为”，后跟名词短语，所以用介词as，句首单词首字母大写。故填As。
6．答案 particularly
解析 考查副词。副词particularly作状语，修饰形容词important。故填particularly。
7．答案 issues
解析 考查名词复数。作介词on的宾语，所以用名词issue(问题)，为可数名词，前面没有限定词，所以用名词复数表示泛指。故填issues。
8．答案 who
解析 考查定语从句。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Yao Tandong，指人，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who。故填who。
9．答案 transformation
解析 考查名词。设空处作has realized的宾语，用名词transformation(转变)，此处特指从想要征服到想要了解这一转变，用单数。故填transformation。
10．答案 have been made
解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语So far可知用现在完成时态，主语many scientific achievements和谓语动词make之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为复数，所以助动词用have。故填have been made。
语境猜词 ①ecological(派)＝ecolog(y)＋i＋cal adj.生态的，生态学的 ②climatic(派)＝climat(e)＋ic adj.气候的，与气候有关的(共82张PPT)
Science and Scientists
选择性必修第二册 Unit 1
内容索引
排查基础知识
突破核心考点
提升写作能力
排查基础知识
Part One
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
n.霍乱
n.腹泻
n.脱水
n.微生物；细菌；病菌
n.泵；抽水机；打气筒
水泵
1
cholera
2
diarrhoea
3
dehydration
4
germ
知识速记
5
pump
6
water pump
n.一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人
n.[pl.-s] 统计数字；统计资料；统计学
n.流行病学
n.显微镜
n.蛋白质
n.细胞；小房间 ；单间牢房 ；电池
n.病毒
7
household
8
statistic
9
epidemiology
10
microscope
11
protein
12
cell
13
virus
n.疫苗
n.框架；结构
理论框架
n.彩虹
n.血浆
n.航空航天工业
adj.爱国的
14
vaccine
15
framework
16
theoretical framework
17
rainbow
18
plasma
19
aerospace
20
patriotic
adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的
n.机械师；机械修理工
n.航空制造业；航空；飞行
n.喷气式飞机
n.导弹
n.望远镜
21
mechanical
22
mechanic
23
aviation
24
jet
25
missile
26
telescope
adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任
n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责
n.责备；指责
1
severe
2
contradictory
3
suspect
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
4
blame
n.把手；拉手；柄
vt.处理；(用手)触、碰、拿，搬动 ；操纵(车辆、动物、
工具等)
n.联系；纽带
vt.把……连接起来；相关联
adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的 ；原始的
adj.大量的；价值巨大的 ；重大的
5
handle
6
link
7
raw
8
substantial
n.减少；降低；减少量
vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
n.思想；思维 ；见解
n.发现；调查结果；(法律)判决
adj.最初的；开始的；第一的
adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的
n.固体
9
decrease
10
thinking
11
finding
12
initial
13
solid
vt.(cast，cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等) ；投掷
n.阴影；影子；背光处
vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
n.混凝土
adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的
n.领导；领导地位；领导才能
vt.追溯；追踪；查出
n.痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
14
cast
15
shadow
16
pour
17
concrete
18
leadership
19
trace
adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的
adj.抽象的；理论上的
n.(文献等的)摘要
n.概念；观念
prep.除……之外(还)
adv.而且；此外
adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的
20
outstanding
21
abstract
22
concept
24
brilliant
23
besides
adv.此外；再者
n.改变；转换；轮班
vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向
adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的
25
furthermore
26
shift
27
vivid
1
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
→frustrate vt.使懊恼；使沮丧
→frustration n.沮丧；懊恼；挫败
2
infection n.感染；传染
→infect vt.使感染；传染
→infectious adj.感染的；传染的
3
4
proof n.证据；证明；检验
→prove vt.证明 link v.证明是
multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的
→multiply vi.& vt.乘；成倍增加；繁殖
5
intervention n.介入；出面；干涉
→intervene vi.干扰；介入
7
6
defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解
→defense/defence n.防御；保卫；保护
assistant n.助理；助手
→assist vt.& vi.帮助；协助
→assistance n.帮助；协助；援助
8
9
gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的
→gift n.礼物；天赋
steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的
→steadily adv.稳定地；持续地
10
astronomer n.天文学家
→astronomy n.天文学
11
12
fault n.弱点；过错
→faulty adj.错误的；有缺陷的
subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
→subscription n.订阅，订购
13
transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变
→transformation n.(彻底的)变化，改观，转变
14
pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的
→purely adv.完全地；纯粹地
→purify vt.净化；使……洁净；提纯
动词后缀-fy/-ify：通常用来表示“使成为”“使发生”或“使具有某种性质”，如：purify(使……洁净)；beautify(使变美，美化)；qualify(使合格)；classify(分类)等。
积累 —— 构词法 学一法 会一类
(1)The scientist modified the experiment to get better results.
(猜加颜色词义)
(2)Her anxiety about the world was amplifying her personal fears about her future.
(3)To improve understanding，the teacher aimed to simplify the complex math concepts by breaking them down into smaller parts.
____________
____________
______
修改，调整
积累 —— 构词法 学一法 会一类
放大；增强
简化
betray /bI'treI/ vt.背叛；出卖；流露
stick up to 支持；捍卫
nurture /'n t (r)/ vt.培育；养育
dwell /dwel/ vi.居住；栖身
dwell on 老是想着或唠叨某事(尤指令人不愉
快之事)
parallel /'p r lel/ adj.对应的；平行的
1
3
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
2
4
5
1
2
once and for all 最终地；彻底地
subscribe to 同意，赞同 ；订阅；定期捐助
thanks to 幸亏；由于
break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；
爆发
in charge of 主管；掌管
come down with 患(病)；染上(小病)
3
4
5
6
Ⅳ.背核心短语
７
８
above all 最重要的是；尤其是
die from/of 死于
in time 及时；迟早
be likely to do sth 很可能做某事
９
10
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.(until引导的时间状语从句)
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.(so...that...)
他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱暴发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。
2
3
Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.(that引导的宾语从句)
斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
4
It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(It seemed that...似乎……)
该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。
5
Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.(have sth done)
因此，他让人把水泵的把手拆掉，这样水泵就用不成了。
6
Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair，unable to move and using a computer to talk.(形容词短语作状语)
大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹，只能通过电脑来说话的样子。
(2024·浙江1月)For a few months after the “library” opened，I didn’t bother taking a look，as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheesy love stories.
[句式分析] 此句是 句。after引导 从句，as引导_________从句，that引导 从句。
[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
体验 —— 析真题长句 知高考难度
在“图书馆”开放后的几个月里，我都懒得看一眼，因为我以为里面会塞满俗气的爱情故事。
主从复合
时间状语
原因状语
宾语
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.household n.____________________________________
2.statistic n._________________________________
3.microscope n.________
4.protein n.________
5.virus n.______
6.vaccine n.______
7.aerospace n.______________
一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人
默写巩固
词汇默写
[pl.-s] 统计数字；统计资料；统计学
显微镜
蛋白质
病毒
疫苗
航空航天工业
8.patriotic adj.________
9.mechanical adj.__________________________
10.telescope n.________
爱国的
机械的；发动机的；机器的
望远镜
Ⅱ.重点单词
1._______ adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
2.________ vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任
n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
3._______ vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责
n.责备；指责
4._______ n.把手；拉手；柄
vt.处理；(用手)触、碰、拿，搬动；
操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
severe
suspect
handle
blame
5._________ n.减少；降低；减少量
vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
6._______ n.发现；调查结果；(法律)判决
7._______ adj.最初的；开始的；第一的
8._______ n.阴影；影子；背光处
9.______ vt.追溯；追踪；查出
n.痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
10._____________ adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的
decrease
finding
initial
shadow
trace
outstanding
11._______ prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且；此外
12.____________ adv.此外；再者
13._____ adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的
14._____ n.改变；转换；轮班
vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向
15._________ n.混凝土
adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的
besides
furthermore
vivid
shift
concrete
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1.__________ adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
→_________ vt.使懊恼；使沮丧
→___________ n.沮丧；懊恼；挫败
2._________ adj.数量多的；多种多样的
→_________ vi.& vt.乘；成倍增加；繁殖
3._____ adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的
→_______ adv.完全地；纯粹地
→_______ vt.净化；使……洁净；提纯
frustrated
frustrate
frustration
multiple
multiply
pure
purely
purify
4._________ n.助理；助手
→______ vt.& vi.帮助；协助
→__________ n.帮助；协助；援助
5._____ n.弱点；过错
→_______ adj.错误的；有缺陷的
6.___________ n.天文学家
→___________ n.天文学
assistant
assist
assistance
fault
faulty
astronomer
astronomy
Ⅳ.核心短语
1.______________ 最终地；彻底地
2.____________ 同意；赞同
3.__________ 幸亏；由于
4.__________ (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
5.____________ 主管；掌管
6._______________ 患(病)；染上(小病)
7._________ 最重要的是；尤其是
8._________________ 很可能做某事
once and for all
subscribe to
thanks to
break out
in charge of
come down with
above all
be likely to do sth
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.With solid ________，the lawyer can certainly ________ that he is innocent.(prove)
2.He was ________ with an _________ disease and the serious ________ likely claimed his life.(infect)
3.To defend her ________ being hurt，I must say something in her ________________(defend).
默写巩固
语境运用
proof
prove
infected
infectious
infection
from
defence/defense
4.The _______ girl who is distributing ______ among the homeless children has a gift ____ music.(gift)
5.With ________ policies，the company’s exports have been increasing ________.(steady)
6.The government’s timely ___________ has prevented the situation from worsening，demonstrating the role of the government in ___________ in such crises.(intervene)
7.I subscribed ___ several online magazines last month，and the _____________(subscribe) provide me with access to informative and entertaining content.
gifted
gifts
for
steady
steadily
intervention
intervening
to
subscriptions
8.The invention of the smartphone has _____________ the way we communicate，marking a significant ________________ in modern technology.(transform)
transformed
transformation
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.约翰极其专注且充满动力，他孜孜不倦地工作在自己的项目上，直到凌晨时分。(形容词短语作状语) 2.真正使他与众不同的是他在解决复杂问题上的创新方法。(what引导主语从句) 1. ___________________________
__________，John worked tirelessly on his project until the early hours of the morning.2.________________________ was his innovative approach to solving complex problems.
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)
Extremely dedicated and highly
motivated
What truly set him apart
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
3.因为他非凡的创造力，约翰很可能在工程领域取得更多重大的突破。(thanks to; be likely to do) 4.他的想法极具开创性，吸引了全球顶尖专家的关注。(so...that...) 3.______________________________，John _____________________________
______________ in the field of engineering.His ideas were 4. ________
___________________________________________________ leading experts worldwide.
Thanks to his exceptional creativity
was likely to make more great
breakthroughs
so
groundbreaking that they captured
the attention of
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
5.约翰的成功表明，只有凭借毅力和坚定的决心，一个人的努力才能得到回报。(that引导宾语从句) Not only did he earn numerous accolades，but he also inspired a generation of young engineers to dream big.John’s success showed 5.__________________________________________________________________________.
that only with perseverance and strong determination can one’s efforts pay off
Since the severe disease broke out，many people all over the world 1.________________(infect).The outstanding，gifted，and patriotic specialists in epidemiology，along with their assistants，have been 2.___ charge of tracing the source of the virus in order to prevent more people from 3.____________(kill).They aim to develop a vaccine to deal with the deadly disease once and for all.Initially，based on the concrete evidence 4._________(collect)，they suspected that one special kind of wild animal was 5._________(blame).However，by observing the virus under the microscope，
词汇串记
have been infected
in
being killed
collected
to blame
they gathered solid and comprehensive statistics and understood the structure of the virus，which 6.__________(gradual) changed their initial contradictory thinking.All the findings convinced them that the virus was not directly linked to the wild animal，which frustrated the brilliant experts.This also cast a shadow on the experts，so they had to shift their focus towards 7._____ to prevent the virus from spreading among people.Above all，the less we go out，the less likely we are to contract the deadly disease.Furthermore，taking in more protein and eating more vegetables are good 8.________(choose) as well.Last but not least，what we should do is wear masks outdoors.Thanks to these interventions，
gradually
how
choices
the threat of the disease has seen a substantial decrease.The disease has taught us to lead 9.____ healthy life，such as drinking pure or boiled water and avoiding raw foods.Most importantly，we should have faith in our government，under 10.______ leadership we have achieved steady success.
返 回
a
whose
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
突破核心考点
Part Two
vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n.指责；责备
blame
·be to blame (for sth)(对某事)负有责任，应受责备
blame sb for sth 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人
blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某事
·take/bear/shoulder the blame (for sth)承担(……的)过错/责任
put/place/lay the blame (for sth) on sb把(……的)责任推给某人
1
(1)I realized that I (blame) for the missed opportunity for I should have prepared better and seized it when it came.
was to blame
(2)说实话，你不应该把失败完全归咎于你的搭档。毕竟，你也应该承担其中的一些责任。
To be honest，you should not completely ________________________
______________________________________.After all，you should also ________________________________________.
(3)由于被指责考试没考好，女孩忍不住掩面痛哭。(读后续写之情绪描写)
_____________________________________________，the girl couldn’t help crying bitterly，burying her face in her hands.
blame your partner for the
failure/blame the failure on your partner
take/bear/shoulder some of the blame for it
Blamed for not performing well in the examination
decrease
·decrease (from...) to...(从……)减少到……
decrease by...降低了……
decrease in...在……方面减少/减小/下降
·on the decrease在减少
a decrease of...(in...)(在……方面)……的减少量
vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 n.减少；降低；减少量
(1)Thanks to the government’s timely intervention，the number of people affected by the disease has decreased three hundred.
2
to
(2)According to a report，there has been a decrease of nearly 6% the number of visitors to the museum.
(3)据报道，由于智能手机的问世，看杂志的人数在减少。
It is reported that as a result of the appearance of smartphones _______
______________________________________________________________.
in
number of people who read magazines is on the decrease/is decreasing
the
defend
·defend...against/from (doing...)保护……免受……
defend oneself自卫；为自己辩护
·in defence (of)保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护
in one’s defence为某人辩护
vt.保卫；防守；辩解 [defenc(s)e n.防御；保卫；保护]
(1)Faced with the severe disaster，the government firmly promised to defend its people being harmed.
3
against/from
(2)The assistant stepped back appearing frightened and put up her hands as if in (defend).
(3)在逆境中，保护我们自己免受消极思想和压力的影响是很重要的。(读后续写之主旨升华)
In times of adversity，it’s important to ____________________________
___________________________.
defence/defense
defend ourselves from/against
negative thoughts and stress
above all
after all毕竟；终究
first of all首先；第一
all in all整体说来；总而言之
in all全部；合计
at all (否定句)一点也，完全；(疑问句)到底；究竟
最重要的是；尤其是
4
用all相关短语的正确形式填空。
Learning that you are coming to Beijing Language and Culture University as an exchange student，I am writing to offer you some suggestions. ，it would be beneficial if you could learn some basic Chinese before you arrive. ，you will be in completely unfamiliar surroundings.Secondly，you should strive to be outgoing，active，and confident. ，maintaining an optimistic attitude will greatly assist you in adapting to the new environment. ，pursuing a degree in a different culture is not an easy task ，but with the right mindset and preparation，you will surely succeed.
First of all
After all
Above all
All in all
at all
until引导的时间状语从句
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
5
·画线部分是由until引导的时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么主句
需用肯定形式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成
not...until...结构。
·倒装结构：部分倒装“Not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋谓语助动词＋主语＋谓语
动词”。
·强调结构：It is/was not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。
(1)我将一直在农场工作直到我挣到足够的钱帮助爸爸买辆新拖拉机。
_____________________________________________________ to help my father buy a new tractor.
(2)直到参加了篮球队，我才意识到团队合作的重要性。
①I I took part in the basketball team.(not...until...)
② the significance of team work.(倒装句)
③ _ I realized the significance of team work.(强调句)
I will keep working on the farm until I earn enough money
didn’t realize the significance of team work until
Not until I took part in the basketball team did I realize
It was not until I took part in the basketball team that
so...that...
He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱暴发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。
６
so/such...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。
·so...that...句型的常见形式：
so＋adj./adv.＋that...
so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(单数)＋that...
so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...
·such...that...句型的常见形式：
such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(单数)＋that...
such＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...
·当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。
(1)他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉自己舌头打结，手心出汗。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)
①He was he felt his tongue tied and his palms sweating.
② he felt his tongue tied and his palms sweating.(用倒装句改写)
so nervous that
So nervous was he that
(2)我写信是想和你分享上周五我在公园里参加的一堂艺术课。那是一个非常成功的活动，所有学生都给予了高度评价。
(2024·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)
I’m writing to share with you about an art class I attended in a park last Friday.________________________________________________________
_______________________________.
(3)她工作非常投入，最终赢得了科技展览的一等奖。
She she eventually won first prize in the science fair.
It was such a successful activity/so successful an activity that all the students spoke highly of it
worked with such dedication that
have sth done
have sth done使某事被做；请人做某事；主语遭遇某事
have sb do sth 让某人做某事
have sb/sth doing sth 让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态
can’t have sb doing sth 不能容忍某人做某事
have sth to do有某事要做
Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.因此，他让人把水泵的把手拆掉，这样水泵就用不成了。
(1)一旦您的订单被确认，我们将在24小时内为您配送。
Once your order is confirmed， .
7
we will have it delivered within 24 hours
(2)我遗憾地通知您，我们必须要求您退出比赛，因为我们不能容忍任何人在比赛中作弊。
I regret to inform you that we must ask you to withdraw from the competition，as .
(3)非常抱歉让你等了这么久，但我刚才确实有一件急事要处理。
I’m terribly sorry for but I really ____
___________________________ just now.
we can’t have anybody cheating in the game
having you waiting for so long
an urgent matter to attend to
had
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1.When handling① the controls，you should not handle② them so hard，or they will be stuck.If this happens，to handle③ the problem successfully，you just need to shake the handle④ slightly so that it can return to its original position.
①________
②____________________
③________
④________
vt.操纵
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
基础达标
vt.(用手)触、碰、拿
vt.处理
n.把手
2.I subscribe to① the view that everyone should subscribe to② the charity if circumstances permit，whether by making direct donations or by subscribing to③ their publications.
①______
②__________
③______
3.There is solid① evidence that the planet Jupiter may have no solid② surface at all.
①___________
②___________
同意
定期捐助
订阅
adj.可靠的
adj.固体的
4.In the small cell① lived a scientist who studied the behavior of cells② in the body and an engineer who developed the cells③ for the new electric vehicle.
①___________
②________
③________
n.小房间
n.细胞
n.电池
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1.Furthermore，table tennis is an interesting game that people all over the world play it.
2.The burn was (severe) painful，requiring immediate medical attention.
3.In (defend) of our planet，we must take immediate action to reduce our carbon footprint.
4.However (gift) you are，you won’t succeed without constant effort and perseverance.
such
severely
defence/defense
gifted
5.I was overcome with sadness because I was suspected stealing his money.
6.Such a mean woman is she that she is always finding fault others，which really gets us annoyed.
7.The outstanding astronomer who devoted himself to his career came down a severe illness.
8.I entirely believe that you are not linked what happened just now.
of
with
with
to/with
9.Thanks to your generous help and kindness，my first Canada trip was transformed an unforgettable memory.(应用文写作之感谢信)
10.He tried to blame his failure bad luck，but deep down he knew he hadn’t worked hard enough.
返 回
into
on
提升写作能力
Part Three
应用文增分练
科学精神
假定你是李华，近日你校举办了以“科学之美”为主题的科学节(science festival)。请你根据以下要点，给你的外国朋友Peter写一封信介绍该活动，内容包括：
1.举办时间；2.活动内容；3.师生反响。
1.我写信是想告诉你，上周我们学校举办了一个以“科学之美”为主题的科学节，目的是提高学生对科学的认识。(that引导宾语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
2.我们仿佛沉浸在科学的王国中，享受着科学的盛宴。(It seems that...)
_____________________________________________________________
3.这个节日持续了几乎一整天，直到标志着最后一节课结束的铃声响起。(until引导时间状语从句；现在分词短语作后置定语)
_____________________________________________________________
应用文增分练
完成句子
4.既激动又兴奋，不仅学生，而且一些老师也积极参与其中。(形容词短语作状语；not only...but also)
_____________________________________________________________
5.这个科学节如此吸引人，以至于所有参与者都给予了高度评价，并希望这样的活动能经常举办。(so...that...的倒装结构)
_____________________________________________________________
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
应用文增分练
组句成篇
Dear Peter，
How is everything going these days I am writing to tell you that a science festival on the theme of “The Beauty of Science” was launched in our school last week，with the purpose of raising students’ awareness of science.
During the festival，a series of scientific knowledge quizzes，fascinating lectures on advanced technologies，and displays of various scientific works created by us students were arranged.It seemed that we were indulging in the kingdom of science and enjoying a science feast.
应用文增分练
参考范文
The festival lasted almost a whole day until the bell indicating the end of the last class rang.Thrilled and excited，not only the students but also some of the teachers participated actively.So attractive was the festival that all participants spoke highly of it and hoped that such activities would be held frequently.
That’s all about the activity.Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
亮词 [人物描写] frustrated；contradictory；gifted；outstanding；brilliant；leadership
[动作描写] subscribe to；suspect；blame；handle；transform；cast；defend→defence/defense；come down (with)；in charge of
续写积累提能练
教材语料整合
美句 1.He was determined to find out why.(情感描写)
2.For this reason，Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.(比喻)
3.Born in Shanghai in 1911，Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.(人物描写)
4.On 31 October 2009，the whole country was saddened by Qian’s death.(拟人)
5.Besides being brilliant，he was brave，though sometimes careless in what he said or did.(人物描写)
情感细节描写：愤怒(一)
单词 rage n.& v.愤怒；boil v.怒火中烧；furious adj.狂怒的；cross adj.生气的；mad adj.很生气→madly adv.发狂地；angry adj.生气的→anger n.生气；愤怒 v.激怒→angrily adv.生气地；annoy v.惹生气；惹怒→annoyed adj.生气的→annoying adj.令人生气的→annoyance n.生气；愤怒
续写积累提能练
拓展语料积累
词块 flame with anger/rage气得脸通红；turn white with anger气得脸色发白；be purple with anger/rage气得脸色发紫；a flame of anger怒火；cloud (over) with anger怒容满面；boil with anger勃然大怒；glare at sb怒目而视；bite one’s head off气愤地对某人大喊大叫；lose one’s temper发脾气
句型 1.My teacher was extremely displeased at my conduct and almost shouted at me angrily.我的老师对我的行为极为不满，几乎愤怒地对我大喊大叫。
2.The moment I saw him，a flame of anger shot through me.一看到他我就怒火中烧。
3.He got hot under the collar when he was asked to be responsible for what he had done.当他被要求为自己的行为负责时，他很愤怒。
4.Rage flowed through her like lava when she got the annoying news.当她得到这个令人气愤的消息时，愤怒像熔岩一样弥漫她全身。
句型 5.Her silly conduct really made my blood boil.她愚蠢的行为真让我怒火中烧。
6.One thing you should keep in mind is that your certain habits may get on other people’s nerves.你得记住一件事：你的某些习惯可能会把别人惹毛。
杰出人物
Learning Qian Xuesen was determined to return to his motherland，the authorities of the US ①_______________________________________.
They ② and detained his families，③ (定语从句).
美国当局知道钱学森决心回国后，极为生气。他们不能允许这样一个才华横溢的天才离开，扣留了他的家人，这让他勃然大怒。
续写积累提能练
语料运用
boiled with anger/got hot under the collar
couldn’t allow such a brilliant genius to leave
which made him flame with anger/rage
返 回
④ (倒装结构) he gave up all he had achieved in America.⑤ (with的复合结构)，he wisely fought with the US and after overcoming many difficulties，he managed to return to China in 1955.His return ⑥___________________________
__________ and ⑦ ，China developed the Dongfeng missiles.
他如此愤怒以至于放弃了他在美国取得的一切。带着满腔怒火，他高明地与美国斗争，并在克服了许多困难后，于1955年成功返回中国。他的归来为中国火箭科学带来了曙光，在他的领导下，中国研制出了东风导弹。
So angry was he that
With a flame of anger in mind
cast a light on China’s rocket
science
under his leadership
