Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．graph n．图；图表；曲线图
2．emission n．排放物；散发物；排放
3．seal n．海豹；印章
v．密封(容器)；关闭
4．methane n．甲烷；沼气
5．dioxide n．二氧化物
6．carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
7．fossil n．化石
8．fossil fuel 化石燃料(如煤或石油)
9．footprint n．足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积
10．basin n．流域；盆地；盆
11．penguin n．企鹅
12．implement vt.使生效；贯彻；执行
13．tropical adj.热带的；来自热带的
14．nuclear adj.原子能的；核能的；原子核的
15．jungle n．(热带)丛林；密林
16．smog n．烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)
17．volume n．量；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷
18．enterprise n．公司；企业；事业
19．waterway n．水道；航道
20．agenda n．议程表；议事日程
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．melt vi.& vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化
2．release vt.& n．排放；释放；发布
3．carbon n．碳
4．fuel n．燃料；刺激性言行
vt.加强；刺激；(给……)加燃料
5．comprehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的
6．worldwide adv.遍及全球地
adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的
7．trend n．趋势；趋向；动向
8．broadcast vt.& vi.(broadcast，broadcast)播送；广播；传播
n．广播节目；电视节目
9．policy n．政策；方针；原则
10．seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
11．reform vt.& vi.改革；(使)改正；改造
n．改革；变革；改良
12．undergo vt.(underwent，undergone)经历；经受(变化、不快等)
13．moderate adj.适度的；中等的；温和的
vi.& vt.缓和；使适中
14．annual adj.每年的；一年的
n．年刊；年鉴
15．chaos n．混乱；杂乱；紊乱
16．garbage n．垃圾；废物
17．dozen n．(一)打；十二个
18．fine vt.对……处以罚款
19．campaign n．运动；战役
vi.& vt.参加运动；领导运动
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→starvation n．饥饿；饿死→starving adj.饿极了的；饿得慌的
2．ecology n．生态；生态学→ecological adj.生态的；生态学的→ecologist n．生态学家
3．habitable adj.适合居住的→habitat n．栖息地；(动植物的)生活环境
4．sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住→sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的
5．frequently adv.频繁地；经常→frequent adj.频繁的→frequency n．频繁；频率
6．restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚→restriction n．限制规定；限制法规；约束→restrictive adj.限制性的；约束性的
7．harmonious adj.和谐的→harmony n．和谐→harmoniously adv.和谐地
8．submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服→submission n．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服
9．sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→sensible adj.明智的；合理的→sense n．意义；感官 vt.感觉到；察觉到
10．originate vi.& vt.起源；发源；创立→origin n．起源；源头；出身→original adj.原来的；起初的；独创的；原作的
11．restore vt.恢复；使复原；修复→restoration n．恢复；修复；复原
12．conservation n．(对环境、文物等)保护；保持→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的→conserve v．保护；保存；节省；节约
13．regulation n．章程；规章制度→regulate v．调节，控制；约束，管理→regulator n．(某行业等的)监管者，监管机构
14．disposal n．去掉；清除；处理→dispose v．安排；布置；排列
15．inspection n．检查；查看；视察→inspect vt.检查；视察；检阅→inspector n．检察员；督察员
16．tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许→tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerance n．容忍
1．clash /kl / n．撞击声；冲突 vi.发出撞击声；冲突
2．scatter /'sk t (r)/ vt.& vi.撒；散开
3．penetrate /'pen treIt/ vt.& vi.打入；进入；穿透
4．plead /pli d/ vi.& vt.恳求；认(罪)
5．clutch /kl t / vi.& vt.猛地抓住；紧握
6．quiver /'kwIv (r)/ n．箭筒；轻微的颤抖 vi.颤抖；哆嗦
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．on behalf of 代表(代替)某人
2．dozens of 许多；很多
3．have an impact on对……有影响
4．lead to导致
5．cause damage to对……造成损害
6．take measures采取措施
7．deal with处理
8．a number of许多
9．carry out履行；执行
10．in effect在实施中；实际上
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer(see the graph)．(There is little doubt that...毫无疑问……)
毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖(如图)。
2．Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before，so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food.(过去分词短语作后置定语)
专家声称，气候变化导致的海冰面降低意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹，因此它不得不走更远的距离去寻找食物。
3．The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-wave radiation.(that引导的同位语从句)
“天然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地表变暖。
4．Without this process，Earth could not sustain life.(含蓄虚拟条件句)
如果没有这个过程，地球就无法维系生命。
5．When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels，more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature to rise quickly.(when引导的时间状语从句)当人类由于燃烧化石燃料产生了大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大气层中，导致地表温度迅速上升。
体验——析真题长句 知高考难度
(2023·全国甲)With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks，new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long，warm summer days to get jobs done.
[句式分析] 此句是主从复合句。that引导的从句作shows的宾语，其中to get jobs done为不定式短语作目的状语；With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks为with复合结构作状语。
[尝试翻译] 随着数百万人可能会在将来几周进行DIY项目，新的研究表明，超过一半的人计划充分利用漫长而温暖的夏日来完成工作。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每空1分，共10分)
1．graph n．图；图表；曲线图
2．emission n．排放物；散发物；排放
3．fossil n．化石
4．basin n．流域；盆地；盆
5．implement vt.使生效；贯彻；执行
6．tropical adj.热带的；来自热带的
7．smog n．烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)
8．volume n．量；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷
9．enterprise n．公司；企业；事业
10．agenda n．议程表；议事日程
Ⅱ.重点单词(每空1分，共15分)
1．melt vi.& vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化
2．release vt.& n．排放；释放；发布
3．fuel n．燃料；刺激性言行 vt.加强；刺激
4．broadcast vt.& vi.播送；广播；传播 n．广播节目；电视节目
5．policy n．政策；方针；原则
6．seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
7．reform vt.& vi.改革；(使)改正；改造 n．改革；变革；改良
8．undergo vt.经历；经受(变化、不快等)
9．annual adj.每年的；一年的 n．年刊；年鉴
10．chaos n．混乱；杂乱；紊乱
11．dozen n．(一)打；十二个
12．fine vt.对……处以罚款
13．campaign n．运动；战役 vi.& vt.参加运动；领导运动
14．worldwide adv.遍及全球地 adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的
15．moderate adj.适度的；中等的；温和的 vi.& vt.缓和；使适中
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每空1分，共20分)
1．disposal n．去掉；清除；处理→dispose v．安排；布置；排列
2．restore vt.恢复；使复原；修复→restoration n．恢复；修复；复原
3．habitable adj.适合居住的→habitat n．栖息地；(动植物的)生活环境
4．frequently adv.频繁地；经常→frequent adj.频繁的→frequency n．频繁；频率
5．submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服→submission n．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服
6．inspection n．检查；查看；视察→inspect vt.检查；视察；检阅→inspector n．检察员；督察员
7．originate vi.& vt.起源；发源；创立→origin n．起源；源头；出身→original adj.原来的；起初的；独创的；原作的
8．regulation n．章程；规章制度→regulate v．调节，控制；约束，管理→regulator n．(某行业等的)监管者，监管机构
Ⅳ.核心短语(每空1分，共6分)
1．dozens of 许多；很多
2．have an impact on对……有影响
3．lead to导致
4．cause damage to对……造成损害
5．carry out履行；执行
6．in effect在实施中；实际上
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每空1分，共15分)
1．The villagers were starving due to the lack of food，facing the harsh reality of starvation.(starve)
2．It’s sensible to be sensitive to others’ feelings，as it fosters empathy and strengthens relationships.(sense)
3．To ensure a better future，we must make sustainable(sustain) practices that are helpful for us to save natural resources and protect the environment.
4．What ecologists focus on is a balanced ecological system while economists concentrate on development.(ecology)
5．The company’s restrictive policies have imposed several restrictions on employees’ office activities，greatly limiting their freedom.(restrict)
6．Living in harmony with nature is crucial for maintaining the delicate balance of our ecosystem and promoting a harmonious(harmony) society.
7．To conserve natural resources for future generations，we must make conservation efforts，even if it means being a little more conservative in our daily habits.(conserve)
8．In a diverse society，being tolerant of different opinions and cultures is crucial for fostering a sense of tolerance and creating a harmonious environment.(tolerate)
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)(共24分)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.几乎毫无疑问，由于化石燃料的不当使用和对私家车需求的不断增加，如今人们正遭受着严重的空气污染。(There is little doubt that...) 2.为了应对这个问题，政府已经采取了一系列有效措施，如实施严格的法规、推广新能源车辆的使用以及种植更多的树木。(deal with；take measures) 3.当我们每个人都认真对待空气污染问题时，空气才能变得更加清新。(when引导时间状语从句) 4.没有我们共同的努力，世界就不会成为一个更好的居住地。(含蓄虚拟条件句) 5.因此，我在这里代表学生会，倡导大家注意自己的行为，并为解决我们家乡的空气污染问题做出贡献！(on behalf of) 1.There is little doubt that people nowadays are suffering from severe air pollution due to the inappropriate use of fossil fuels and the increasing demand for private cars.Fortunately，this phenomenon has drawn our attention. 2.To deal with this problem，the government has taken a number of effective measures，such as implementing strict regulations，promoting the use of new energy vehicles，and planting more trees.However，to build a harmonious society，each individual should play a part.3.When each of us takes air pollution seriously，the air can become fresher.4.Without our joint efforts，the world couldn’t become a better place to live in. So，here,5.on behalf of the Student Council，I advocate that everyone should be mindful of our own behavior and make contributions to solving the problem of air pollution in our hometown！
With moderate amounts of greenhouse gases，such as methane and carbon dioxide 1.released(release) into the atmosphere，Earth can sustain life.But comprehensive evidence shows that more heat energy 2.than necessary exists because of burning an increasing volume of fossil fuels.Hence，the warming trend has affected Earth’s ecology and its 3.harmonious(harmony) development.News reports are 4.frequently(frequent) broadcast about polar bears，seals and penguins that starve to death because of the melting ice.Tropical jungles 5.are destroyed(destroy)，making them less habitable for animals.6.What human beings can’t tolerate is that garbage is thrown everywhere，such as in waterways and basins.Faced with the severe situations，worldwide governments have reformed policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and restore the sensitive ecology.Dozens of enterprises 7.have submitted(submit) and implemented their conservation regulations，8.saying(say)，“We will immediately carry out the disposal of the waste we produce.” Individuals can also seize every chance 9.to reduce(reduce) the carbon footprint in the daily life.Although Earth has undergone some ecological chaos，people from all over the world confidently hold that those measures can create 10.a sustainable world.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死(starvation n．饥饿；饿死 starving adj.饿极了的；饿得慌的)
starve to death饿死 be starving for sth/to do sth 渴望某事/做某事 同义短语：be thirsty/hungry/eager/desperate for sth/to do sth
(1)What shocks scientists is that many seals have died from starvation(starve) because of global warming.
(2)身无分文且饥饿难耐，这位老人不得不沿途乞讨，否则他将会饿死。
Penniless and hungry，the old man had to beg along the way；otherwise he would starve to death.
(3)我渴望学好英语，因为掌握英语能打开通往世界的新窗口。
I am starving to study English well，because mastering English opens a new window to the world.
seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
seize a chance/an opportunity抓住机会 seize sb by the (arm/hand...)抓住某人的(胳膊/手等) 表情感的名词＋seize sb/sb be seized by/with＋情感名词 某人感到……
(1)警察看到一个小偷，冲向前，抓住了他的胳膊。(读后续写之动作链描写)
The policeman spotted a thief，charged forward and seized him by the arm.
(2)我强烈建议你抓住这个宝贵的机会来提高你的英语口语。
I strongly recommend that you (should) seize the precious chance to improve your oral English.
(3)我一看到父亲阴云密布的脸，就感到恐惧。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
The moment I saw my father’s cloudy face，panic seized me.
submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服[submission n．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服]
submit sth to sb 将某物提交给某人 submit (oneself) to屈从于……，服从于……
(1)Before submitting my essay，I carefully checked for grammar and spelling mistakes.And therefore my submission earned me a good impression from the teacher.(submit)
(2)如果我们想合作得融洽，我们都需要遵守团队的规则。
We all need to submit ourselves to the rules of the group if we want to work harmoniously.
(3)对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关资料。(应用文写作之通知)
Those who are interested in the summer camp must submit the applications and relevant materials by May 15.
tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许(tolerance n．宽恕；忍耐；容忍 tolerant adj.忍耐的；宽容的)
·tolerate (sb/sb’s) doing sth 忍受(某人)做某事 ·be tolerant of/towards sb/sth 容忍/宽容某人/某事
(1)To be honest，my tolerance has its limits，so I will not be always tolerant of your rude behavior.(tolerate)
(2)I can’t tolerate working(work) with my partner any more，who is frequently talking to me when I am absorbed in work.
(3)那些懂得如何包容他人的人自然会过得幸福。
Those who know how to tolerate/be tolerant of/towards others can naturally lead a happy life.
There is little doubt that... There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph)．毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越温暖(如图)。
·本句中的doubt后接同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容。 ·doubt的常见句型： There is some doubt whether...是否……有些疑问。 There is no/little doubt that...……是毫无疑问的。 I doubt whether/if.../I have some doubt whether...我怀疑是否…… I don’t doubt that.../I have no doubt that... 我毫不怀疑……
(1)Faced with so many challenges，I began to doubt whether/if my decision is the best one for our team’s long-term success.
(2)毫无疑问，这些活动将给你留下终生难忘的记忆。
There is no doubt that these activities will leave you unforgettable memories for the rest of your life.
(3)当我反思这段自我发现的旅程时，我不禁怀疑我所走的每一步是否真的能让我成为我想成为的人。
When reflecting on this journey of self-discovery，I cannot help but doubt whether/if every step I take is truly leading me towards the person I want to be.
含蓄虚拟条件句 Without this process，Earth could not sustain life.如果没有这个过程，地球就无法维系生命。
·本句中的without this process是介词短语，相当于条件状语从句，主句用虚拟语气。句子表示所说内容与事实相反。表示与现在事实相反，主句用would/could/might/should＋动词原形；表示与过去事实相反，主句用would/should/might/could＋have done。 ·用法相同的还有but for(要不是)，otherwise/or(否则，要不然)，分词和动名词表示含蓄条件等。
(1)如果没有你的鼓励和帮助，我早就放弃我的梦想了。
Without your encouragement and assistance，I would have given up my dream long ago.
(2)我们浪费了很多时间在争论上，要不然我们就会按时完成项目了。
We wasted a lot of time arguing；otherwise we would have finished the project on schedule.
(3)再多烧一会儿，这肉会更香的。
Cooked a little longer，the meat would be more delicious.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．I was releasing① my bird into the wild when I happened to hear a news report released② by the Environmental Department，which said many factories were still releasing③ harmful emissions into the air.
①v.释放 ②v.发布 ③v.排放
2．To moderate① the boy’s tension，the teacher spoke to him in a moderate② tone，saying that he should have worked at a moderate③ pace.
①vt.缓和 ②adj.温和的 ③adj.适度的
3．His cruel fuel① greatly fueled② my emotion，so I got on my car to get away from my home.But my car lacked fuel③ and I must immediately fuel④ my car.Otherwise my car would break down halfway.
①n.刺激性言行 ②v.增强，刺激 ③n.燃料 ④v.(给……)加燃料
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．Proper waste disposal(dispose) is crucial for maintaining a clean and healthy environment.
2．So pessimistic was my classmate that he had no idea how to release(release) his tremendous pressure.
3．I decide on restricting myself to one cup of coffee a day for the sake of my health.
4．The surgeon is highly sensitive to criticism，which sometimes makes her overly self-conscious.
5．On behalf of our school，I appeal to each student to take more physical exercise.
6．Years of dedicated work by conservationists have led to the remarkable restoration(restore) of the wetlands.
7．The surgeon can’t tolerate being disturbed(disturb) by others when he is absorbed in reading.
8．To enhance people’s awareness of conservation(conserve) of cultural relics，a lecture will be given in the city hall this Friday afternoon.
9．Only in this way can we enjoy a harmonious(harmony) relationship between parents and children.
10．Whenever he felt worn out as a psychology consultant，he was starving for a cup of coffee to refresh himself.
假定你是李华，你校学生会即将发起一项以“Earth Guardian”为主题的环境保护运动，请你代表学生会写一封倡议信，号召大家积极参与该活动，内容包括： 1.地球环境的现状； 2.该活动的目的和要求； 3.号召大家积极参加。
完成句子
1．毫无疑问，许多人类活动对我们的地球母亲造成了巨大的伤害。(There is little doubt that...)
2．在这里，我代表学生会提出建议，我们学生应该为环境保护做出一些贡献。(on behalf of；that引导的同位语从句；conservation)
3．为了建设一个更加和谐和可持续的社会，我们发起了一项名为“地球卫士”的运动，旨在采取有效且实际的措施来保护环境。(harmonious；sustainable；campaign；which引导的定语从句)
4．对该活动感兴趣的人必须在10月1日之前提交申请和相关材料。(submit；定语从句)
5．我衷心希望大家能抓住这个宝贵的机会并立即加入我们。(seize)
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
参考范文
There is little doubt that a great many human activities have caused great damage to our mother Earth.Here，on behalf of the students’ council，I make a suggestion that we students should make some contributions to environmental conservation.
It’s (high) time that we took/should take various measures to protect the earth from pollution.To build a more harmonious and sustainable society，we have launched a campaign named “Earth Guardian”，which is aimed at taking effective and practical measures to protect the environment.Those who are interested in the campaign must submit applications and relevant materials before October 1st.
I sincerely hope that everyone can seize this precious chance and join us immediately.
教材语料整合
亮词 [环境描写] melt；ecology；habitable；sustainable；footprint；basin；jungle；harmonious adj.→harmony n．；moderate；tropical；sensitive；waterway
[动作描写] starve；release；broadcast；restrict；reform；undergo；submit；restore v．→restoration n．；fine；tolerate v．→tolerant adj.→tolerance n．
美句 1.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.(环境描写) 2.A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.(环境描写) 3.In 2013，a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard.(情感描写) 4.It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming，along with its causes and impacts，because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.(主旨升华) 5.The beautiful Li River and its amazing surrounding scenery is one of the most well-known tourist destinations in China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.(环境描写)
拓展语料积累 动作细节描写：“脚动”
单词 tiptoe v．踮着脚走；蹑手蹑脚地走；barefoot adj.& adv.赤脚；dance v．雀跃；跳跃；spring v．跳；跃；creep v．悄悄地缓慢行进；chase v．追赶；flee (away) v．逃跑
词块 in bare feet 光脚；get/rise to one’s feet 起立；struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来；jump to one’s feet猛地站起/跳起来；spring to one’s feet一跃而起；leap to one’s feet 跳起来；plant one’s feet to the ground 双脚钉在地上；raise oneself on tiptoe 踮起脚尖；stamp one’s feet 跺脚
句型 1.Disappointed and frustrated，the poor man dragged his feet back home.这个可怜的人既失望又沮丧，拖着沉重的脚步返回家中。 2.He leapt/jumped/sprang to his feet/jumped up and rushed out of the living room.他一跃而起，冲出起居室。 3.She planted her feet firmly to the spot and refused to move.她牢牢地站在原地，一动也不动。 4.He was so worn out that he lifted his feet to leave as if they were 100 kilos.(比喻)他是如此疲惫以至于抬脚离开时好像双脚有千斤重。 5.She tapped/stamped her feet impatiently.她不耐烦地跺着脚。 6.She slipped out of bed and tiptoed to the window.她溜下床，踮起脚尖走向窗户。
语料运用 保护动物
On an early spring morning ①when the snow hadn’t melted completely(定语从句)，my brother and I were walking along the country track when a little cat ②lying on the dry straw(分词短语作后置定语) attracted our eyes.Out of curiosity，③we tiptoed toward it slowly.We thought it would ④spring to its feet and flee away on seeing us.But the cat only struggled to its feet，⑤releasing some weak and painful moans(分词短语作状语)．Approaching closer，we found in surprise that the little cat ⑥had been seriously injured in one of its legs and was badly in need of medical help.Not knowing what to do，⑦we planted our feet firmly to the spot for a moment and then decided that we should take it home；⑧otherwise it would die in the cold weather.
初春的一个早晨，雪还没有完全融化，我和哥哥正在乡间小路上散步，一只躺在干稻草上的小猫吸引了我们的目光。出于好奇，我们慢慢地踮着脚尖走向它。我们以为它看到我们会跳起来逃跑，但猫只是挣扎着站起来，发出几声虚弱而痛苦的呻吟。走近时，我们惊讶地发现，这只小猫的一条腿受了重伤，急需就医。不知道该怎么办，我们牢牢地在原地站了一会儿，然后决定把它带回家，否则它会在寒冷的天气里死去。
单元主题组合练
[62.5分]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2024·湖南长沙一模)
We are ①unavoidably linked to the ocean.Collectively，it covers about 71% of our world and is instrumental in the processes that keep us alive.While the rainforests may be referred to as “the lungs of the planet”，scientists say it’s actually the ocean that provides 50%－80% of the oxygen we breathe.Besides，through a “conveyor belt” action，it helps regulate Earth’s climate by transporting heat away from the equator，towards the poles to cool.The ocean also proves itself essential in the fight against climate change too.It absorbs 50 times more carbon dioxide than our atmosphere—or rather，it’s not the ocean itself but what lives in it.And perhaps one of the most incredible forms is the humble seagrass.
Across the globe，there are more than 70 species of seagrass，growing in shallow and ②sheltered coastal areas and covering 300,000 square kilometres，which absorbs 10% of the ocean’s carbon each year and captures carbon up to 35 times faster than tropical rainforests.Seagrass builds its leaves and roots using carbon，which it extracts from water through the process of photosynthesis(光合作用)—and it holds on to it，even after death.Dead plant material decomposes(分解) slowly on the ocean floor，and this means that the carbon stored within is eventually buried under the seabed.
Significant as it is，seagrass is critically endangered.According to the U．N.Environment Programme，a seagrass area the size of a football pitch is destroyed every 30 minutes around the world.Fortunately，restoration missions are already ③underway，in places as far afield as Kenya，Mozambique，and the UK.But rising temperatures remain a ④twofold threat：an increase in storms that tear the shallow-rooted seagrass from its beds，and rising sea-levels that block out the sunlight.
However，seagrass is known to adapt to survive—and gene sequencing of the Zostera marina seagrass has shown it has done so on three separate occasions already.Could it be one of Earth’s great survivors that will save us all Only time will tell.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了海草的重要性——能够通过吸收碳来帮助调节气候。
1．How does the seagrass help regulate Earth’s climate
A．It blocks out the sunlight.
B．It absorbs carbon dioxide.
C．It provides most of the oxygen.
D．It transports heat towards the poles.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The ocean also proves itself essential in the fight against climate change too.It absorbs 50 times more carbon dioxide than our atmosphere—or rather，it’s not the ocean itself but what lives in it.And perhaps one of the most incredible forms is the humble seagrass.”可知，海草能够通过吸收二氧化碳来帮助调节气候，故选B。
2．What does the underlined word “extracts” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Obtains. B．Replaces.
C．Consumes. D．Delivers.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Seagrass builds its leaves and roots using carbon，which it extracts from water through the process of photosynthesis(光合作用)—and it holds on to it，even after death.”可知，海草通过光合作用从水中提取碳来使叶子和根生长，即使在死后也会保留碳。故“extract”意为“提取，获得”，故选A。
3．What can be inferred about the seagrass from the last two paragraphs
A．It is no longer endangered after restoration.
B．It has saved the planet from climate change.
C．It hasn’t been affected by rising temperatures.
D．It is able to adapt to changes in its environment.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However，seagrass is known to adapt to survive...it has done so on three separate occasions already.”可推测，海草具备适应周边环境的变化以求生存的能力，故选D。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．The Fantastic World of Seagrass
B．The Uncertain Future of the Ocean
C．Seagrass：the Ocean’s Unsung Hero
D．The Battle to Save Seagrass from Extinction
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。根据全文可知，本文的主体对象是海草，作为海洋生态系统的一部分，它能够吸收大量的碳，有助于减缓气候变化，结合文章结尾处“Could it be one of Earth’s great survivors that will save us all Only time will tell.”可知，C选项“海草：海洋的无名英雄”最适合作文章标题。故选C。
语境猜词 ①unavoidably(派)＝un＋avoid＋abl(e)＋y adv.不可避免地 ②sheltered(派)＝shelter＋ed adj.有遮蔽物的 ③underway(合)＝under＋way adj.在进行中的 ④twofold(合)＝two＋fold adj.双重的
B
(2024·广东深圳一模)
Each year，the world loses about 10 million hectares of forest—an area about the size of Iceland—because of cutting down trees.At that rate，some scientists predict the world’s forests could disappear in 100 to 200 years.To handle it，now researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have ①pioneered a technique to generate wood-like plant materials in a lab.This makes it possible to “grow” a wooden product without cutting down trees.
In the lab，the researchers first take cells from the leaves of a young plant.These cells are ②cultured in liquid medium for two days，then moved to another medium which contains nutrients and two different hormones(激素)．By adjusting the hormone levels，the researchers can ③tune the physical and mechanical qualities of the cells.Next，the researchers use a 3D printer to shape the cell-based material，and let the shaped material grow in the dark for three months.Finally，the researchers dehydrate(使脱水) the material，and then evaluate its qualities.
They found that lower hormone levels lead to plant materials with more rounded，open cells of lower density(密度)，while higher hormone levels contribute to the growth of plant materials with smaller but denser cell structures.Lower or higher density of cell structures makes the plant materials softer or more rigid，helping the materials grow with different wood-like characteristics.What’s more，it’s to be noted that the research process is about 100 times faster than the time it takes for a tree to grow to maturity!
Research of this kind is groundbreaking.“This work demonstrates the great power of a technology，” says lead researcher，Jeffrey Berenstain.“The real opportunity here is to be at its best with what you use and how you use it.This technology can be tuned to meet the requirements you give about shapes，sizes，rigidity，and forms.It enables us to ‘grow’ any wooden product in a way that traditional agricultural methods can’t achieve.”
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了为了避免砍伐树木，麻省理工学院的研究人员开创了一种技术，在实验室里生产类似木材的植物材料，并解释了其实验过程及其积极意义。
5．Why do researchers at MIT perform the research
A．To grow more trees.
B．To reduce tree losses.
C．To protect plant diversity.
D．To predict forest disappearance.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段“Each year，the world loses about 10 million hectares of forest—an area about the size of Iceland—because of cutting down trees.At that rate，some scientists predict the world’s forests could disappear in 100 to 200 years.To handle it...”可知，麻省理工学院的研究人员进行这项研究是为了减少树木损失。故选B。
6．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the lab research
A．Its scientific origins. B．Its theoretical basis.
C．Its usual difficulties. D．Its main processes.
答案 D
解析 段落大意题。根据第二段中的“first take cells from the leaves of a young plant” “then moved to another medium” “Next，the researchers use a 3D printer to shape the cell-based material” “Finally，the researchers dehydrate(使脱水) the material，and then evaluate its qualities.”可知，第二段主要告诉我们关于实验室研究的主要过程。故选D。
7．What does the finding suggest about the plant materials
A．They are better than naturally grown plants.
B．Their growth speed determines their characteristics.
C．The hormone levels affect their rigidity.
D．Their cells’ shapes mainly rely on their density.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“They found that lower hormone levels lead to plant materials with more rounded，open cells of lower density(密度)，while higher hormone levels contribute to the growth of plant materials with smaller but denser cell structures.Lower or higher density of cell structures makes the plant materials softer or more rigid，helping the materials grow with different wood-like characteristics.”可知，激素水平影响细胞的形状和密度，而细胞结构的密度影响植物材料硬度，由此可知，激素水平影响植物材料的硬度。故选C。
8．Why is the research path-breaking according to Berenstain
A．It uses new biological materials in lab experiments.
B．It has a significant impact on worldwide plant growth.
C．It revolutionizes the way to make wooden products.
D．It challenges traditional scientific theories in forestry.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“This technology can be tuned to meet the requirements you give about shapes，sizes，rigidity，and forms.It enables us to ‘grow’ any wooden product in a way that traditional agricultural methods can’t achieve.”可知，Berenstain认为这项研究具有开创性是因为它革新了制作木制品的方法。故选C。
语境猜词 ①pioneer(转)n.→v.倡导；开辟 ②culture(转)n.→v.培育 ③tune(熟义：n.曲调；曲子) 生义(文义)：v.调整
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Are worms the heroes we didn’t know we needed Silent，slimy and wriggling(扭动)，you might think that worms are good for nothing except bait(诱饵) on the end of a fishing pole. 1
The British naturalist Charles Darwin said that no other animal has “played such an important part in the history of the world as these lowly organised creatures”．They have lived on Earth for 600 million years and have even survived five mass extinctions. 2
Earthworms literally move the earth，and this is why farmers love them.As they travel，they aerate(使透气) the soil by loosening，mixing and oxygenating it. 3 They are effectively a small but very efficient plough(犁)．But it’s not just earthworms that deserve praise.
In 2022，a group of scientists at the Margarita Salas Centre for Biological Research isolated enzymes(酶) found in wax worm saliva(唾液) which are plastic-eating. 4 It’s hoped that by producing these enzymes on an ①industry-level scale，we will have a more environmentally friendly way to reduce plastic pollution.
5 Bloodworms are small sea creatures which press themselves into the mud of the ocean floor.Scientists at the University of California，Santa Barbara have been studying their jaws，which are made up of 10% copper proteins(铜蛋白) and are so strong that they last the worm’s entire five-year ②lifespan.Because of this research，engineers may start using the jaws as inspiration for the design and manufacture of materials like concrete.
So，next time you see a worm，show it a little respect.They really are changing the world!
A．So，what do worms do that is so great
B．Worms have a lifespan of a few months.
C．And worms are even inspiring the building industry.
D．It increases the ground’s capacity to hold and empty water.
E．However，there is more to the humble worm than meets the eye.
F．Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.
G．These can break down a very common plastic that normally breaks down over many years.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不起眼的蠕虫实际上是我们需要的英雄，它们可以疏松土壤，更快地分解难以降解的塑料，甚至为建筑行业提供灵感。
1．答案 E
解析 前文“Are worms the heroes we didn’t know we needed Silent，slimy and wriggling (扭动)，you might think that worms are good for nothing except bait(诱饵) on the end of a fishing pole.”提到人们通常认为蠕虫没有特别的用处，后文段落具体介绍了蠕虫的大作用。因此E项“However，there is more to the humble worm than meets the eye.”符合语境，指出蠕虫其实并不简单，和前文构成转折，引出后文段落内容。故选E。
2．答案 A
解析 前文“The British naturalist Charles Darwin said that no other animal has ‘played such an important part in the history of the world as these lowly organised creatures’．They have lived on Earth for 600 million years and have even survived five mass extinctions.”引用达尔文的话，强调蠕虫的重要性，并提到蠕虫顽强的生存能力，后文段落介绍蠕虫的奇特之处。因此A项“So，what do worms do that is so great？”符合语境，承接前文，以问题的形式引出对蠕虫了不起之处的探究，引出后文的具体介绍。故选A。
3．答案 D
解析 前文“Earthworms literally move the earth，and this is why farmers love them.As they travel，they aerate (使透气) the soil by loosening，mixing and oxygenating it.”介绍蚯蚓帮助松动土壤，让土壤透气。因此D项“It increases the ground’s capacity to hold and empty water.”符合语境，指出蚯蚓的行为对地面蓄水和排水方面的帮助，承接前文。故选D。
4．答案 G
解析 前文“In 2022，a group of scientists at the Margarita Salas Centre for Biological Research isolated enzymes (酶) found in wax worm saliva (唾液) which are plastic-eating.”提到科学家们分离出了能吃塑料的酶。因此G项“These can break down a very common plastic that normally breaks down over many years.”符合语境，介绍这种酶的巨大作用，承接前文，其中These指代前文的enzymes。故选G。
5．答案 C
解析 空处位于段首，应该是段落中心句，和前面两个段落并列，继续介绍蠕虫的大作用。后文“Scientists at the University of California，Santa Barbara have been studying their jaws...as inspiration for the design and manufacture of materials like concrete.”主要介绍通过研究这种下颚，工程师们得到一些建筑方面的灵感。因此C项“And worms are even inspiring the building industry.”符合语境，契合后文内容。故选C。
语境猜词 ①industry-level(合)＝industry＋level adj.工业层面的 ②lifespan(合)＝life＋span n．寿命；使用期，有效期
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
Jeff Jens can clearly recall the first time when he realized solar power was the real deal.On a cold November morning in the 1980s，Jens 1 his hand over a vent(排气口) cover in his father-in-law’s home，where he and his wife Boisclair were visiting.Boisclair’s father had installed(安装) a solar panel system in the house，which 2 water in the bathroom.
“I was 3 ，” Jens said.“I remember feeling the 4 air come out with my hand over the vent.I realized solar power is for real.And it should be with us right now.”
Three decades later，climate change has become a lively 5 .“We’ve been 6 about it for a long time...We now have a strong sense of 7 and we have to do something，” Jens said.“It’s not an easy thing because there is no road map.”
The couple soon had the idea to 8 Jens’ alma mater(母校)，Denison University，and offer ①seed money for the solar development.Though the university 9 declined，they followed up months later with a 10 to install solar panels on a student housing building.
“We realized by 11 ②startup money to some groups that want to do something but are still not ③financially committed，we could 12 our desire，” Jens said.
The couple has now 13 18 projects across the country，the majority in Illinois.With four still 14 ，Jens estimates by the end of 2024，the developments will have 15 a total of 1,100,000 kW.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jeff Jens和妻子通过支持太阳能项目来保护环境，应对气候变化。
1．A.washed B．put
C．cooled D．hurt
答案 B
解析 根据下文“air come out with my hand over the vent”可知，他把手放在通风口盖上。故选B。
2．A.cleaned up B．heated up
C．kept off D．turned off
答案 B
解析 根据上文“a solar panel system”和下文“in the bathroom”并结合常识可知，安装太阳能电池板系统是为了加热浴室的水。故选B。
3．A.amazed B．frightened
C．angry D．sleepy
答案 A
解析 根据下文“I realized solar power is for real.And it should be with us right now.”可知，这是他第一次意识到太阳能是真的，他感到惊讶。故选A。
4．A.cold B．sweet
C．same D．warm
答案 D
解析 上文提到安装了太阳能电池板系统来加热浴室的水，结合下文“I realized solar power is for real.”可推知他感受到的是温暖的空气。故选D。
5．A.debate B．policy
C．rule D．plan
答案 A
解析 根据下文“about it for a long time”并结合常识可知，气候变化已经成为一场激烈的辩论。故选A。
6．A.happy B．disappointed
C．certain D．concerned
答案 D
解析 根据上文“climate change”以及后文“we have to do something”可知，人们对气候变化是担忧的态度。故选D。
7．A.relief B．humor
C．duty D．loss
答案 C
解析 根据下文“and we have to do something”可知，此处指有强烈的责任感。故选C。
8．A.start B．change
C．contact D．miss
答案 C
解析 根据后文“Though the university declined”可知，此处指他们联系了延斯的母校。故选C。
9．A.suddenly B．initially
C．hardly D．sadly
答案 B
解析 Though表示转折，结合后文“followed up months later”可知，前后形成对比，说明他们一开始被拒绝了，故选B。
10．A.proposal B．refusal
C．mistake D．failure
答案 A
解析 前文提到他们提供资金的提议被拒绝了，结合Though可推知，此处指他们后来又提议在学生宿舍楼安装太阳能电池板。故选A。
11．A.showing B．lending
C．reporting D．giving
答案 D
解析 根据上文“offer seed money”可知，此处指给予启动资金，故选D。
12．A.ruin B．express
C．satisfy D．design
答案 C
解析 根据上文“we have to do something”可知，此处指满足他们想要做些事情的愿望。故选C。
13．A.surveyed B．supported
C．honored D．recorded
答案 B
解析 根据下文“18 projects across the country”以及上文提到提供启动资金可知，是在全国支持了18个项目，故选B。
14．A.on sale B．on view
C．in progress D．in question
答案 C
解析 根据下文“Jens estimates by the end of 2024，the developments will have...”可知，此处是预估将来的成果，说明现在有四个项目尚未完成，即仍在进行中。故选C。
15．A.reserved B．wasted
C．consumed D．generated
答案 D
解析 根据下文“a total of 1,100,000 kW”并结合他投资的是太阳能项目可知，此处指项目产生的发电量达到110万千瓦。故选D。
语境猜词 ①seed money(习语)本金，本钱 ②startup(合)＝start＋up启动所需的 ③financially(派)＝financ(e)＋i＋ally 财政上，金融上
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Researchers have been applying artificial intelligence (AI) to monitor biodiversity and enhance efforts to protect some species from 1. (threaten)．Unlike conventional methods，AI has the capacity 2. (analyze) massive amounts of data effectively.
Species are disappearing 3. a rate much faster than that millions of years ago，with up to one million species on the edge of 4. (extinct)．In response，the United Nations set a goal in 2020 to ①safeguard at least 30%of Earth’s land and oceans.“AI is imperfect 5. could promote important discoveries，” says Nicolas Miailhe，Paris-based founder of the Future Society，an international non-profit organization 6. aims to ②better govern AI.“We badly need human ③practitioners to design models and interpret data.”
Besides monitoring biodiversity in real time，AI can also be used to ④model the impacts of human activities on an ecosystem.Although it 7. (document) that human activities have resulted in biodiversity loss，little is known about which environmental factors have the 8.__________ (large) impact.
“Long-term statistics will play 9. essential role in connecting changes in biodiversity with environmental changes，” says Luisa Orsini，who 10. (study) evolutionary bio-systems at the University of Birmingham，UK.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员一直在应用人工智能来监测生物多样性，并加大力度来保护一些物种免受威胁。
1．答案 being threatened
解析 考查非谓语动词。protect sb from(doing)“保护某人免受……”为固定短语，动词threaten与它的逻辑主语some species构成被动关系，故空处应用threaten的动名词的被动式作宾语。故填being threatened。
2．答案 to analyze
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用不定式作后置定语修饰名词capacity。故填to analyze。
3．答案 at
解析 考查介词。at a rate“以……的速度”为固定搭配。故填at。
4．答案 extinction
解析 考查名词。空处应用名词作介词of的宾语，表抽象意义，不可数，故填extinction。
5．答案 but
解析 考查连词。分析句子可知，空处前后为转折关系，故填but。
6．答案 which/that
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处应填关系代词引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代先行词organization，先行词是物，应用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。
7．答案 is documented
解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句子描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时。动词document与形式主语it之间是被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是it，be动词用is。故填is documented。
8．答案 largest
解析 考查形容词最高级。分析句子结构并根据句意可知，空处应填large的最高级在句中作定语，最高级前有定冠词the。故填largest。
9．答案 an
解析 考查冠词。play a role in“在……中起作用”为固定短语，essential的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。故填an。
10．答案 studies
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。句子描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时。此处who引导修饰Luisa Orsini的非限制性定语从句，从句中谓语动词的单复数与先行词Luisa Orsini保持一致，故用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填studies。
语境猜词 ①safeguard(合)＝safe＋guard保护，捍卫 ②better(熟义：adj.较好的，更好的) 生义(文义)：v.改善，改进 ③practitioner(派)＝pract＋ition＋er从业人员，执业者 ④model(熟义：n.模型；模式) 生义(文义)：v.使仿效，使模仿(共77张PPT)
Environmental Protection
选择性必修第三册 Unit 3
内容索引
排查基础知识
突破核心考点
提升写作能力
排查基础知识
Part One
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
n.图；图表；曲线图
n.排放物；散发物；排放
n.海豹；印章
v.密封(容器)；关闭
n.甲烷；沼气
n.二氧化物
1
graph
2
emission
3
seal
4
methane
知识速记
5
dioxide
二氧化碳
n.化石
化石燃料(如煤或石油)
n.足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积
n.流域；盆地；盆
n.企鹅
vt.使生效；贯彻；执行
7
fossil
8
fossil fuel
9
footprint
10
basin
6
carbon dioxide
11
penguin
12
implement
adj.热带的；来自热带的
adj.原子能的；核能的；原子核的
n.(热带)丛林；密林
n.烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)
n.量 ；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷
n.公司；企业；事业
13
tropical
14
nuclear
15
jungle
16
smog
17
volume
18
enterprise
n.水道；航道
n.议程表；议事日程
19
waterway
20
agenda
vi.& vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化
vt.& n.排放；释放；发布
n.碳
n.燃料；刺激性言行
vt.加强；刺激 ；(给……)加燃料
adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的
adv.遍及全球地
adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的
1
melt
2
release
3
carbon
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
4
fuel
5
comprehensive
6
worldwide
n.趋势；趋向；动向
vt.& vi.(broadcast，broadcast)播送；广播；传播
n.广播节目；电视节目
n.政策；方针；原则
vt.抓住；夺取；控制
vt.& vi.改革；(使)改正；改造
n.改革；变革；改良
7
trend
8
broadcast
9
policy
11
reform
10
seize
vt.(underwent，undergone)经历；经受(变化、不快等)
adj.适度的；中等的；温和的
vi.& vt.缓和；使适中
adj.每年的；一年的
n.年刊 ；年鉴
n.混乱；杂乱；紊乱
n.垃圾；废物
12
undergo
13
moderate
15
chaos
14
annual
16
garbage
n.(一)打；十二个
vt.对……处以罚款
n.运动；战役
vi.& vt.参加运动；领导运动
17
dozen
18
fine
19
campaign
1
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
2
starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死
→starvation n.饥饿；饿死
→starving adj.饿极了的；饿得慌的
ecology n.生态；生态学
→ecological adj.生态的；生态学的
→ecologist n.生态学家
3
4
habitable adj.适合居住的
→habitat n.栖息地；(动植物的)生活环境
sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住
→sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的
5
6
frequently adv.频繁地；经常
→frequent adj.频繁的
→frequency n.频繁；频率
restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚
→restriction n.限制规定；限制法规；约束
→restrictive adj.限制性的；约束性的
7
8
harmonious adj.和谐的
→harmony n.和谐
→harmoniously adv.和谐地
submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服
→submission n.提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服
9
10
sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的
→sensible adj.明智的；合理的
→sense n.意义；感官 vt.感觉到；察觉到
originate vi.& vt.起源；发源；创立
→origin n.起源；源头；出身
→original adj.原来的；起初的；独创的 ；原作的
12
11
restore vt.恢复；使复原；修复
→restoration n.恢复；修复；复原
conservation n.(对环境、文物等)保护；保持
→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的
→conserve v.保护；保存；节省；节约
13
14
regulation n.章程；规章制度
→regulate v.调节，控制；约束，管理
→regulator n.(某行业等的)监管者，监管机构
disposal n.去掉；清除；处理
→dispose v.安排；布置；排列
15
16
inspection n.检查；查看；视察
→inspect vt.检查；视察；检阅
→inspector n.检察员；督察员
tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许
→tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的
→tolerance n.容忍
clash /kl / n.撞击声；冲突 vi.发出撞击声；冲突
scatter /'sk t (r)/ vt.& vi.撒；散开
penetrate /'pen treIt/ vt.& vi.打入；进入；穿透
plead /pli d/ vi.& vt.恳求；认(罪)
clutch /kl t / vi.& vt.猛地抓住；紧握
quiver /'kwIv (r)/ n.箭筒；轻微的颤抖
vi.颤抖；哆嗦
1
3
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
2
4
6
5
1
2
on behalf of 代表(代替)某人
dozens of 许多；很多
have an impact on 对……有影响
lead to 导致
cause damage to 对……造成损害
take measures 采取措施
deal with 处理
a number of 许多
3
4
5
6
Ⅳ.背核心短语
7
8
9
10
carry out 履行；执行
in effect 在实施中；实际上
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1
There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).(There is little doubt that...毫无疑问……)
毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖(如图)。
Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before，so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food.(过去分词短语作后置定语)
专家声称，气候变化导致的海冰面降低意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹，因此它不得不走更远的距离去寻找食物。
2
3
The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-wave radiation.(that引导的同位语从句)
“天然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地表变暖。
Without this process，Earth could not sustain life.(含蓄虚拟条件句)
如果没有这个过程，地球就无法维系生命。
4
5
When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels，more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature to rise quickly.(when引导的时间状语从句)
当人类由于燃烧化石燃料产生了大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大气层中，导致地表温度迅速上升。
(2023·全国甲)With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks，new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long，warm summer days to get jobs done.
[句式分析] 此句是 句。that引导的从句作shows的 ，其中to get jobs done为不定式短语作 ；With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks为with复合结构作 。
体验 —— 析真题长句 知高考难度
随着数百万人可能会在将来几周进行DIY项目，新的研究表明，超过一半的人计划充分利用漫长而温暖的夏日来完成工作。
[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
主从复合
宾语
目的状语
状语
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.graph n.________________
2.emission n._____________________
3.fossil n._____
4.basin n._______________
5.implement vt.___________________
6.tropical adj.___________________
7.smog n.____________________________
图；图表；曲线图
排放物；散发物；排放
化石
流域；盆地；盆
使生效；贯彻；执行
热带的；来自热带的
烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)
默写巩固
词汇默写
8.volume n.____________________________
9.enterprise n.________________
10.agenda n.________________
量；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷
公司；企业；事业
议程表；议事日程
Ⅱ.重点单词
1. vi.& vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化
2. vt.& n.排放；释放；发布
3. n.燃料；刺激性言行
vt.加强；刺激
4. vt.& vi.播送；广播；传播
n.广播节目；电视节目
5. n.政策；方针；原则
6. vt.抓住；夺取；控制
melt
release
fuel
broadcast
policy
seize
7. vt.& vi.改革；(使)改正；改造
n.改革；变革；改良
8. vt.经历；经受(变化、不快等)
9. adj.每年的；一年的
n.年刊；年鉴
10. n.混乱；杂乱；紊乱
11. n.(一)打；十二个
12. vt.对……处以罚款
13. n.运动；战役
vi.& vt.参加运动；领导运动
reform
undergo
annual
chaos
dozen
fine
campaign
14. adv.遍及全球地
adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的
15. adj.适度的；中等的；温和的
vi.& vt.缓和；使适中
worldwide
moderate
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1. n.去掉；清除；处理
→ v.安排；布置；排列
2. vt.恢复；使复原；修复
→ n.恢复；修复；复原
3. adj.适合居住的
→ n.栖息地；(动植物的)生活环境
4. adv.频繁地；经常
→ adj.频繁的
→ n.频繁；频率
disposal
dispose
restore
restoration
habitable
habitat
frequently
frequent
frequency
5. vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服
→ n.提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服
6. n.检查；查看；视察
→ vt.检查；视察；检阅
→ n.检察员；督察员
7. vi.& vt.起源；发源；创立
→ n.起源；源头；出身
→ adj.原来的；起初的；独创的；原作的
submit
submission
inspection
inspect
inspector
originate
origin
original
8. n.章程；规章制度
→ v.调节，控制；约束，管理
→ n.(某行业等的)监管者，监管机构
regulation
regulate
regulator
Ⅳ.核心短语
1. 许多；很多
2. 对……有影响
3. 导致
4. 对……造成损害
5. 履行；执行
6. 在实施中；实际上
dozens of
have an impact on
lead to
cause damage to
carry out
in effect
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The villagers were due to the lack of food，facing the harsh reality of .(starve)
2.It’s to be to others’ feelings，as it fosters empathy and strengthens relationships.(sense)
3.To ensure a better future，we must make (sustain) practices that are helpful for us to save natural resources and protect the environment.
默写巩固
语境运用
starving
starvation
sensible
sensitive
sustainable
4.What focus on is a balanced system while economists concentrate on development.(ecology)
5.The company’s policies have imposed several on employees’ office activities，greatly limiting their freedom.(restrict)
6.Living in harmony nature is crucial for maintaining the delicate balance of our ecosystem and promoting a (harmony) society.
7.To conserve natural resources for future generations，we must make ____________efforts，even if it means being a little more in our daily habits.(conserve)
ecologists
ecological
restrictive
restrictions
with
harmonious
conservation
conservative
8.In a diverse society，being of different opinions and cultures is crucial for fostering a sense of and creating a harmonious environment.(tolerate)
tolerant
tolerance
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.几乎毫无疑问，由于化石燃料的不当使用和对私家车需求的不断增加，如今人们正遭受着严重的空气污染。(There is little doubt that...) 1._________________________________________________________________________ due to the inappropriate use of fossil fuels and the increasing demand for private cars.Fortunately，this phenomenon has drawn our attention.
There is little doubt that people nowadays are suffering from severe air pollution
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
2.为了应对这个问题，政府已经采取了一系列有效措施，如实施严格的法规、推广新能源车辆的使用以及种植更多的树木。(deal with；take measures) 2. ，the government __________________________
___________，such as implementing strict regulations，promoting the use of new energy vehicles，and planting more trees.
However，to build a harmonious society，each individual should play a part.
To deal with this problem
has taken a number of effective measures
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
3.当我们每个人都认真对待空气污染问题时，空气才能变得更加清新。(when引导时间状语从句) 4.没有我们共同的努力，世界就不会成为一个更好的居住地。(含蓄虚拟条件句) 3.________________________________________，the air can become fresher. 4.____________________________________________________________________
When each of us takes air pollution seriously
Without our joint efforts，the world couldn’t become a better place to live in.
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
5.因此，我在这里代表学生会，倡导大家注意自己的行为，并为解决我们家乡的空气污染问题做出贡献！(on behalf of) So，here,5.____________________
_________，I advocate that everyone should be mindful of our own behavior and make contributions to solving the problem of air pollution in our hometown！
on behalf of the Student
Council
With moderate amounts of greenhouse gases，such as methane and carbon dioxide 1. (release) into the atmosphere，Earth can sustain life.But comprehensive evidence shows that more heat energy 2._______ necessary exists because of burning an increasing volume of fossil fuels.Hence，the warming trend has affected Earth’s ecology and its 3. (harmony) development.News reports are 4.___________
(frequent) broadcast about polar bears，seals and penguins that starve to death because of the melting ice.Tropical jungles 5. (destroy)，making them less habitable for animals.
词汇串记
released
than
harmonious
frequently
are destroyed
6. human beings can’t tolerate is that garbage is thrown everywhere，such as in waterways and basins.Faced with the severe situations，worldwide governments have reformed policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and restore the sensitive ecology.Dozens of enterprises 7.______
__________(submit) and implemented their conservation regulations，8.______(say)，“We will immediately carry out the disposal of the waste we produce.” Individuals can also seize every chance 9. (reduce) the carbon footprint in the daily life.Although Earth has undergone some ecological chaos，people from all over the world confidently hold that those measures can create 10. sustainable world.
返 回
What
have
submitted
saying
to reduce
a
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
突破核心考点
Part Two
vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死(starvation n.饥饿；饿死 starving adj.饿极了的；饿得慌的)
starve
starve to death饿死
be starving for sth/to do sth 渴望某事/做某事
同义短语：be thirsty/hungry/eager/desperate for sth/to do sth
1
(1)What shocks scientists is that many seals have died from ___________
(starve) because of global warming.
starvation
(2)身无分文且饥饿难耐，这位老人不得不沿途乞讨，否则他将会饿死。
Penniless and hungry，the old man had to beg along the way；otherwise .
(3)我渴望学好英语，因为掌握英语能打开通往世界的新窗口。
，because mastering English opens a new window to the world.
he would starve to death
I am starving to study English well
seize
seize a chance/an opportunity抓住机会
seize sb by the (arm/hand...)抓住某人的(胳膊/手等)
表情感的名词＋seize sb/sb be seized by/with＋情感名词 某人感到……
vt.抓住；夺取；控制
2
(1)警察看到一个小偷，冲向前，抓住了他的胳膊。(读后续写之动作链描写)
The policeman spotted a thief，charged forward and ________________
_____.
seized him by the
arm
(2)我强烈建议你抓住这个宝贵的机会来提高你的英语口语。
I strongly recommend that ______________________________________
________________________.
(3)我一看到父亲阴云密布的脸，就感到恐惧。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
The moment I saw my father’s cloudy face， .
you (should) seize the precious chance to improve your oral English
panic seized me
submit
submit sth to sb 将某物提交给某人
submit (oneself) to屈从于……，服从于……
vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服[submission n.提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服]
(1)Before my essay，I carefully checked for grammar and spelling mistakes.And therefore my earned me a good impression from the teacher.(submit)
3
submitting
submission
(2)如果我们想合作得融洽，我们都需要遵守团队的规则。
We all need to if we want to work harmoniously.
(3)对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关资料。(应用文写作之通知)
Those who are interested in the summer camp must _________________
________________________________by May 15.
submit ourselves to the rules of the group
submit the
applications and relevant materials
tolerate
·tolerate (sb/sb’s) doing sth 忍受(某人)做某事
·be tolerant of/towards sb/sth 容忍/宽容某人/某事
vt.忍受；包容；容许(tolerance n.宽恕；忍耐；容忍 tolerant adj.忍耐的；宽容的)
4
(1)To be honest，my has its limits，so I will not be always __________of your rude behavior.(tolerate)
tolerance
tolerant
(2)I can’t tolerate (work) with my partner any more，who is frequently talking to me when I am absorbed in work.
(3)那些懂得如何包容他人的人自然会过得幸福。
Those can naturally lead a happy life.
working
who know how to tolerate/be tolerant of/towards others
There is little doubt that...
·本句中的doubt后接同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容。
·doubt的常见句型：
There is some doubt whether...是否……有些疑问。
There is no/little doubt that...……是毫无疑问的。
I doubt whether/if.../I have some doubt whether...我怀疑是否……
I don’t doubt that.../I have no doubt that...
我毫不怀疑……
There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越温暖(如图)。
5
(1)Faced with so many challenges，I began to doubt my decision is the best one for our team’s long-term success.
(2)毫无疑问，这些活动将给你留下终生难忘的记忆。
these activities will leave you unforgettable memories for the rest of your life.
(3)当我反思这段自我发现的旅程时，我不禁怀疑我所走的每一步是否真的能让我成为我想成为的人。
When reflecting on this journey of self-discovery，I _________________
_______________every step I take is truly leading me towards the person I want to be.
whether/if
There is no doubt that
cannot help but
doubt whether/if
含蓄虚拟条件句
·本句中的without this process是介词短语，相当于条件状语从句，主句用虚拟语
气。句子表示所说内容与事实相反。表示与现在事实相反，主句用would/could/
might/should＋动词原形；表示与过去事实相反，主句用would/should/might/
could＋have done。
·用法相同的还有but for(要不是)，otherwise/or(否则，要不然)，分词和动名词表
示含蓄条件等。
Without this process，Earth could not sustain life.如果没有这个过程，地球就无法维系生命。
6
(1)如果没有你的鼓励和帮助，我早就放弃我的梦想了。
Without your encouragement and assistance，______________________
______________.
(2)我们浪费了很多时间在争论上，要不然我们就会按时完成项目了。
We wasted a lot of time arguing；_________________________________
__________________.
(3)再多烧一会儿，这肉会更香的。
Cooked a little longer，the meat .
I would have given up my
dream long ago
otherwise we would have finished the
project on schedule
would be more delicious
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1.I was releasing① my bird into the wild when I happened to hear a news report released② by the Environmental Department，which said many factories were still releasing③ harmful emissions into the air.
①______
②______
③______
v.释放
v.发布
v.排放
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
基础达标
2.To moderate① the boy’s tension，the teacher spoke to him in a moderate② tone，saying that he should have worked at a moderate③ pace.
①_______
②__________
③__________
vt.缓和
adj.温和的
adj.适度的
3.His cruel fuel① greatly fueled② my emotion，so I got on my car to get away from my home.But my car lacked fuel③ and I must immediately fuel④ my car.Otherwise my car would break down halfway.
①_____________
②____________
③______
④________________
n.刺激性言行
v.增强，刺激
n.燃料
v.(给……)加燃料
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1.Proper waste (dispose) is crucial for maintaining a clean and healthy environment.
2.So pessimistic was my classmate that he had no idea how ____________
(release) his tremendous pressure.
3.I decide on restricting myself one cup of coffee a day for the sake of my health.
4.The surgeon is highly sensitive criticism，which sometimes makes her overly self-conscious.
disposal
to release
to
to
5.On behalf our school，I appeal to each student to take more physical exercise.
6.Years of dedicated work by conservationists have led to the remarkable ___________(restore) of the wetlands.
7.The surgeon can’t tolerate (disturb) by others when he is absorbed in reading.
8.To enhance people’s awareness of (conserve) of cultural relics，a lecture will be given in the city hall this Friday afternoon.
of
restoration
being disturbed
conservation
9.Only in this way can we enjoy a (harmony) relationship between parents and children.
10.Whenever he felt worn out as a psychology consultant，he was starving _____ a cup of coffee to refresh himself.
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harmonious
for
提升写作能力
Part Three
应用文增分练
环境保护
假定你是李华，你校学生会即将发起一项以“Earth Guardian”为主题的环境保护运动，请你代表学生会写一封倡议信，号召大家积极参与该活动，内容包括：
1.地球环境的现状；
2.该活动的目的和要求；
3.号召大家积极参加。
1.毫无疑问，许多人类活动对我们的地球母亲造成了巨大的伤害。(There is little doubt that...)
_____________________________________________________________
2.在这里，我代表学生会提出建议，我们学生应该为环境保护做出一些贡献。(on behalf of；that引导的同位语从句；conservation)
_____________________________________________________________
应用文增分练
完成句子
3.为了建设一个更加和谐和可持续的社会，我们发起了一项名为“地球卫士”的运动，旨在采取有效且实际的措施来保护环境。(harmonious；sustainable；campaign；which引导的定语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
4.对该活动感兴趣的人必须在10月1日之前提交申请和相关材料。(submit；定语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
5.我衷心希望大家能抓住这个宝贵的机会并立即加入我们。(seize)
_____________________________________________________________
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
应用文增分练
组句成篇
There is little doubt that a great many human activities have caused great damage to our mother Earth.Here，on behalf of the students’ council，I make a suggestion that we students should make some contributions to environmental conservation.
It’s (high) time that we took/should take various measures to protect the earth from pollution.To build a more harmonious and sustainable society，we have launched a campaign named “Earth Guardian”，which is aimed at taking effective and practical measures to protect the environment.
应用文增分练
参考范文
Those who are interested in the campaign must submit applications and relevant materials before October 1st.
I sincerely hope that everyone can seize this precious chance and join us immediately.
亮词 [环境描写] melt；ecology；habitable；sustainable；footprint；basin；jungle；harmonious adj.→harmony n.；moderate；tropical；sensitive；waterway
[动作描写] starve；release；broadcast；restrict；reform；undergo；submit；restore v.→restoration n.；fine；tolerate v.→tolerant adj.→tolerance n.
续写积累提能练
教材语料整合
美句 1.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.(环境描写)
2.A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.
(环境描写)
3.In 2013，a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard.(情感描写)
美句 4.It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming，along with its causes and impacts，because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
(主旨升华)
5.The beautiful Li River and its amazing surrounding scenery is one of the most well-known tourist destinations in China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.(环境描写)
动作细节描写：“脚动”
单词 tiptoe v.踮着脚走；蹑手蹑脚地走；barefoot adj.& adv.赤脚；dance v.雀跃；跳跃；spring v.跳；跃；creep v.悄悄地缓慢行进；chase v.追赶；flee (away) v.逃跑
词块 in bare feet 光脚；get/rise to one’s feet 起立；struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来；jump to one’s feet猛地站起/跳起来；spring to one’s feet一跃而起；leap to one’s feet 跳起来；plant one’s feet to the ground 双脚钉在地上；raise oneself on tiptoe 踮起脚尖；stamp one’s feet 跺脚
续写积累提能练
拓展语料积累
句型 1.Disappointed and frustrated，the poor man dragged his feet back home.这个可怜的人既失望又沮丧，拖着沉重的脚步返回家中。
2.He leapt/jumped/sprang to his feet/jumped up and rushed out of the living room.他一跃而起，冲出起居室。
3.She planted her feet firmly to the spot and refused to move.她牢牢地站在原地，一动也不动。
4.He was so worn out that he lifted his feet to leave as if they were 100 kilos.(比喻)他是如此疲惫以至于抬脚离开时好像双脚有千斤重。
5.She tapped/stamped her feet impatiently.她不耐烦地跺着脚。
6.She slipped out of bed and tiptoed to the window.她溜下床，踮起脚尖走向窗户。
续写积累提能练
语料运用
保护动物
On an early spring morning ①________________________________
_________(定语从句)，my brother and I were walking along the country track when a little cat ② (分词短语作后置定语) attracted our eyes.Out of curiosity，③ .We thought it would ④ on seeing us.
初春的一个早晨，雪还没有完全融化，我和哥哥正在乡间小路上散步，一只躺在干稻草上的小猫吸引了我们的目光。出于好奇，我们慢慢地踮着脚尖走向它。我们以为它看到我们会跳起来逃跑，
when the snow hadn’t melted
completely
lying on the dry straw
we tiptoed toward it slowly
spring to its feet and flee away
But the cat only struggled to its feet，⑤____________________________
______(分词短语作状语).Approaching closer，we found in surprise that the little cat ⑥ and was badly in need of medical help.Not knowing what to do，⑦_________________
____________________________ and then decided that we should take it home；⑧ .
但猫只是挣扎着站起来，发出几声虚弱而痛苦的呻吟。走近时，我们惊讶地发现，这只小猫的一条腿受了重伤，急需就医。不知道该怎么办，我们牢牢地在原地站了一会儿，然后决定把它带回家，否则它会在寒冷的天气里死去。
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releasing some weak and painful
moans
had been seriously injured in one of its legs
we planted our feet
firmly to the spot for a moment
otherwise it would die in the cold weather
