Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．hybrid n．杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车
2．pollinate vt.授粉；传粉
3．domestic adj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的
4．strain n．(动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力
5．sorghum n．高粱；高粱米
6．broom n．扫把；扫帚；金雀花
7．grain n．谷物；谷粒；颗粒
8．tunnel n．地下通道；地道；隧道
9．wheat n．小麦；小麦籽
10．flavour (NAmE -vor) n．味道；特点，特色
11．fertiliser (NAmE -izer) n．肥料
12．alleviate vt.减轻；缓解
13．organic adj.有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的
14．pesticide n．杀虫剂；除害药物
15．bacterium n．(pl.bacteria)细菌
16．mineral n．矿物；矿物质
17．grocery n．食品杂货店；[pl.]食品杂货
18．batch n．一批；一组
vt.分批处理
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．tackle vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理
2．crisis n．(pl.crises)危机；危急关头
3．boost vt.使增长；使兴旺
n．增长；提高；激励
4．yield n．产量；产出
vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等)
vi.屈服；让步
5．attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到
6．intense adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的
7．overcome vt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜；使受巨大影响
8．output n．产量；输出；输出量
vt.(output，output)输出
9．estimate vt.估计；估价；估算
n．估计；估算
10．comprise vt.包括；包含；由……组成
11．generate vt.产生；引起
12．leisure n．闲暇；休闲；空闲
13．soil n．泥土；土壤；国土；领土
14．celebrity n．名望，名誉；名人；名流
15．reality n．现实；实际情况；事实
16．urban adj.城市的；都市的；城镇的
17．bomb n．炸弹
vt.轰炸；对……投炸弹
18．poverty n．贫穷；贫困
19．widespread adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
20．essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的
21．alternative n．可供选择的事物
adj.可供替代的；非传统的
22．instance n．例子；实例；事例
23．root n．根；根茎；根部；根源
24．entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地
25．aspect n．方面；层面
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．devote vt.把……献(给)；专心于→devotion n．奉献；忠诚；挚爱→devoted adj.挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的
2．shortage n．不足；缺少；短缺→short adj.短的；矮的；缺乏的；简略的→shorten v．(使)变短，缩短
3．convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服→convincing adj.有说服力的；使人信服的→convinced adj.确信的；坚信的
4．characteristic n．特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的→character n．性格；人物，角色
5．conventional adj.传统的；习惯的→convention n．惯例；习俗；公约，协议；常规
6．expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务)→expansion n．扩大；扩张；扩充
7．vision n．想象；视力；视野；影像→envision vt.展望；想象
8．salty adj.含盐的；咸的→salt n．盐
9．extension n．扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extend vt.伸开；展开；延伸→extensive adj.广阔的；大规模的；广泛的
10．chemical adj.与化学有关的；化学的 n．化学制品；化学品→chemistry n．化学→chemically adv.化学上地→chemist n．化学家；药剂师
11．nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的→nutrition n．营养；滋养
12．digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会；领悟 n．摘要；文摘→digestion n．消化；消化能力
13．depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→deep adj.深的→deeply adv.深深地；强烈地→deepen vt.加深；(使)变深
14．assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得→assume v．假定；设想；承担→assuming conj.假定；假设
15．consumption n．消耗；消耗量；消费→consume vt.消耗；消费；吃；喝→consumer n．消费者；用户；顾客
积累——构词法 学一法 会一类
名词后缀-ption/-ation：像动词assume和consume这样以-me结尾的单词变名时，通常去掉末尾的e，后加-ption变为assumption和consumption。以be结尾的动词变名词时，也多遵循同一规则，如describe→description；subscribe→subscription；也有些以m结尾的动词变名词时后加ation，如confirm→confirmation；inform→information等。
(1)Protective gloves reduce the absorption(absorb) of chemicals through the skin.
(2)Transcription(transcribe) is the vital bridge between spoken words and written records.
(3)My profession had an important influence on the formation(form) of my character and temperament.
(4)The moment I heard the confirmation(confirm) of my acceptance，all my anxiety vanished into thin air.
1．trustworthy /'tr stw i/ adj.值得信任的；可靠的
2．empathy /'emp θi/ n．同感；共情→empathetic / emp 'θetIk/ adj.同感的；共情的
3．be/feel jealous of 嫉妒；羡慕
4．split /splIt/ vi.& vt.(split，split) 分成；分裂；分担 n．分裂；裂缝
5．distress /dI'stres/ n．忧虑；悲伤
6．flourish /'fl rI / vi.& vt.成功；健康成长；繁荣
7．tie to与……联系在一起
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．devote...to把……用于；献身；致力；专心
2．be comprised of包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)
3．deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上
4．in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流
5．for instance例如；比如
6．be like...像……
7．fulfil one’s dreams 实现某人的梦想
8．in fact事实上
9．turn to转向；求助于
10．be ready for为……做准备
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.(that引导的表语从句)然而，他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。
2．How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.(how引导的主语从句)
如何实现这一目标成为当时一个颇具挑战性的问题。
3．However，whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.(whether引导的主语从句)
然而，是否可能开发出水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种，仍众说纷纭。
4．Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy，one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.(given that引导的原因状语从句)
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
5．Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops.(现在分词短语作结果状语)
种植不同作物是为了把重要的矿物质重新放回土壤之中，让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)做好准备。
体验——析真题长句 知高考难度
(2024·全国甲)It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food，so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.
[句式分析] 此句是so连接的并列复合句。it作形式主语，to tell...enough food为真正的主语；that引导宾语从句；before引导时间状语从句。
[尝试翻译] 实际上，你的大脑需要几分钟的时间来告诉你的身体它已经吃饱了，所以慢慢吃，并且在你感觉饱之前就停止进食。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每空1分，共10分)
1．hybrid n．杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车
2．alleviate vt.减轻；缓解
3．pollinate vt.授粉；传粉
4．domestic adj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的
5．strain n．(动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力
6．grain n．谷物；谷粒；颗粒
7．flavour n．味道；特点，特色
8．organic adj.有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的
9．pesticide n．杀虫剂；除害药物
10．grocery n．食品杂货店；[pl.]食品杂货
Ⅱ.重点单词(每空1分，共15分)
1．tackle vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理
2．boost vt.使增长；使兴旺 n．增长；提高；激励
3．attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到
4．overcome vt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜
5．generate vt.产生；引起
6．leisure n．闲暇；休闲；空闲
7．crisis n．(pl.crises)危机；危急关头
8．reality n．现实；实际情况；事实
9．entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地
10．widespread adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
11．estimate vt.估计；估价；估算 n．估计；估算
12．essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的
13．alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的
14．instance n．例子；实例；事例
15．aspect n．方面；层面
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每空1分，共15分)
1．characteristic n．特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的→character n．性格；人物，角色
2．consumption n．消耗(量)；消费→consume vt.消耗；消费；吃；喝→consumer n．消费者；用户；顾客
3．salty adj.含盐的；咸的→salt n．盐
4．extension n．扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extend vt.伸开；展开；延伸→extensive adj.广阔的；大规模的；广泛的
5．nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的→nutrition n．营养；滋养
6．vision n．想象；视力；视野；影像→envision vt.展望；想象
Ⅳ.核心短语(每空1分，共8分)
1．devote...to把……用于；献身；致力；专心
2．be comprised of包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)
3．deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上
4．in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流
5．for instance例如；比如
6．fulfil one’s dreams 实现某人的梦想
7．turn to转向；求助于
8．be ready for为……做准备
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每空1分，共19分)
1．He is a devoted teacher who has devoted all his time to education，and his devotion pays off.(devote)
2．What he said was so convincing that I was completely convinced of his story.(convince)
3．The chemist demonstrated some typical chemical experiments in our chemistry class.(chemist)
4．We will discuss the problem in depth to deepen our understanding so that we can understand it deeply.(depth)
5．More and more countries in the world are short of water，and global water shortages(short) are becoming increasingly serious.
6．Assuming all our assumptions are correct，what should we do next？(assume)
7．The book is an expansion of a series of lectures given last year，so you are capable of expanding your knowledge by reading it.(expand)
8．While many people follow conventional wisdom，it’s important to remember that sometimes breaking away from convention leads to groundbreaking discoveries.(convention)
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)(共23分)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.鉴于有机农业正变得非常流行，我们上周就化学农业和有机农业进行了一场激烈的辩论。(given that...) 2.很明显，使用化学肥料有很多优点。(that引导主语从句) 3.此外，蔬菜生长得太快，以至于它们所含的营养很少，会带来健康问题。(现在分词短语作状语) 4.第一个原因是天然肥料使蔬菜和水果既美味又有营养。(that引导表语从句) 5.有机农业不会污染环境也是它受欢迎的一个重要原因。(that引导主语从句) 1. Given that organic agriculture is becoming dramatically popular，we had a heated debate on chemical agriculture and organic agriculture last week. It is obvious 2.that using chemical fertilizers has many advantages.However，the chemicals used on the crops or in the soil can do harm to not only people but also the soil.Besides，the vegetables grow so fast that they contain little nutrition,3.bringing about health problems. The reasons why organic foods are becoming increasingly popular are as follows.The first reason is 4.that natural fertilizers make vegetables and fruits tasty and nutritious.5.That organic agriculture does not pollute the environment is also an important reason for its popularity. As the saying goes，health is the first wealth，so it is wise for us to choose organic foods.
Our class is comprised of thirty students，most of 1.whom come from the countryside in poverty.Deep down，all of us envision 2.ourselves(us) attaining respectful jobs in urban cities in the near future.Dreams 3.rooted(root) in our hearts，we work hard and devote ourselves to our study all day.We are firmly convinced that only if we spare no effort to work can we broaden our vision and boost our ability 4.to tackle(tackle) crises.We learn by combining conventional learning methods 5.with modern ones to expand our knowledge so as to output what we have learned in the future.Certainly，6.it is essential that we shouldn’t yield to difficulties.Indeed，too much homework tends to generate much strain and we will be overcome with anxiety if it is not properly treated.7.Fortunately(fortune)，we have alternative methods to alleviate our frustration.For instance，we can relax in our leisure time.Besides，maintaining a nutritious diet is also essential even though we have a 8.shortage(short) of money.Assuming that we always have such 9.an intense and widespread interest in study，it is estimated that we can turn our dreams into reality，which in turn will enable us to live a 10.better(good) life that we have been looking forward to.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于(常与介词to连用)(devoted adj.挚爱的；忠诚的 devotion n．奉献；忠诚；挚爱)
·devote...to (doing) sth 把……奉献给；把……专注于；献身；致力 devote oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事；献身于(做)某事 ·be devoted to (doing) sth 专心于(做)某事；致力于(做)某事
(1)With unwavering devotion，he devoted every waking moment to his craft，proving himself to be a truly devoted artist.(devote)
(2)总之，现在是我们应该致力于保护海洋的时候了。(2022·全国甲，书面表达)
All in all，it is high time that we devoted/should devote ourselves to protecting oceans.
(3)我热衷于阅读经典文学，这不仅拓宽了我的视野，也丰富了我的内心世界。
I am deeply devoted to reading classic literature，which not only broadens my horizons but also enriches my inner world.
convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服(convinced adj.确信的；坚信的 convincing adj.令人信服的)
·convince sb of sth 使某人确信/明白某事 convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事 convince sb that...使某人相信…… ·be convinced (that...)/of...(某人)坚信……
(1)So convincing is your speech that I’m convinced that all students will benefit a lot from it.(convince)
(2)你在危机中的表现使我们相信你有能力应对紧急情况，并使我们相信能把这项重要任务交给你。
Your performance in the crisis has convinced us of your ability to tackle emergencies and convinced us to hand the important task to you.
(3)我坚信，通过这次讲座，我们不仅可以了解中国文学，而且可以提高我们对中国传统文化的兴趣。
I’m firmly convinced that through the lecture not only can we get the hang of Chinese literature，but also we can boost our interest in traditional Chinese culture.
assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得(assume v．假定；设想；承担；假装 assuming conj.假如)
·on the assumption that...假定…… make an assumption 作出臆断 ·assume sb/sth (to be)＋adj./n.假定/认为某人/某事(为)…… It is generally assumed that...人们普遍认为…… ·assuming (that)...假设……
(1)Deep down they assumed her to be(be) the best singer of their time.
(2)People assume that drinking Chinese tea can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory.(话题写作之传统文化)
→It is generally assumed that not only can drinking Chinese tea refresh ourselves but also it can strengthen our memory.(用it作形式主语和not only...but also...的倒装句改写)
(3)假如我被选为学生会主席，我将组织更多丰富多彩的课外活动以丰富我们的学校生活。(应用文写作之申请信)
On the assumption that/Assuming that I am chosen to be chairman of the Student Council，I will organize more colorful after-class activities to enrich our school life.
alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的(alternatively adv.可供选择地)
have no alternative but to do sth 别无选择只好做某事 an alternative to...……的替代品
(1)On the assumption that you are available，I can come to your house，or alternatively(alternative)，we can meet in the town.
(2)面对海洋令人担忧的现状，人类别无选择只能彼此合作解决这个海洋危机。毕竟，世界上没有东西可以替代海洋。(2022·全国甲，书面表达)
Faced with the worrying current situation of oceans，human beings have no alternative but to cooperate with each other to tackle the ocean crisis.After all，nothing in the world can be an alternative to oceans.
(3)共享单车已成为城市出行的象征，为短途出行提供了一种经济实惠且环保的选择。
(2024·全国甲，书面表达)
Shared bicycles have emerged as a symbol of urban mobility，offering an affordable and green alternative for short trips.
in turn转而；相应地；反过来；依次；轮流
by turns轮流 take turns to do sth 轮流做某事 It is one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。 turn out结果是；生产；制造
用turn短语的正确形式填空
Some student representatives (1)took turns to deliver speeches at the coming-of-age ceremony.Finally，it was my turn.Personally，in the past our parents and teachers helped us in many aspects and (2)in turn，we should give them a helping hand from now on.For instance，we and our parents can do housework (3)by turns.It (4)turns out that the ceremony makes a great difference to us.(2020·天津，书面表达)
given that引导的原因状语从句 Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy，one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
given that＋从句，用来说明已知事实，表示“鉴于，考虑到”。
(1)鉴于你对中国的传统节日端午节非常感兴趣，我写信向你介绍这一节日。(话题写作之传统文化)
Given that you are keen on the traditional Chinese festival—Dragon Boat Festival，I am writing to introduce it to you.
(2)考虑到我们学生需要更多的身体锻炼，我校上周日将举行了一次越野赛跑。
(2020·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)
Given that we students need more physical exercise，our school organized a cross-country running race last Sunday.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．I often read magazines with my sons，and our favourite is Reader’s Digest①.As a parent，you can provide many books for children，but you can’t force them to think carefully，enjoy books，digest② complex information，or develop a taste for learning.Just as you should allow a little time after a meal for the food to digest③，you should also give children time to reflect on the books they have read.
①n.文摘；摘要 ②vt.理解；领悟 ③vt.消化；吸收
2．After overcoming① many difficulties，they finally overcame② France in the final game and they were overcome③ with great joy at the victory.
①v.克服，解决 ②v.打败，战胜 ③v.使受巨大影响
3．In the process of improving the yield① of crops，their team encountered numerous barriers，but they didn’t yield② to the difficulties and never yielded③ their goals.
①n.产量；产出 ②v.屈服；让步 ③v.放弃，让出
4．Besides these alternative① proposals，there is no alternative② ones，so we have no alternative③ but to adopt it.
①adj.非传统的 ②adj.可供替代的，备选的 ③n.可供选择的事物
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．However，as a devoted(devote) reader，I sincerely hope that you could make further improvement.
2．A shortage(short) of reliable evidence is likely to lead to the suspect’s being released.
3．My assessments were based on the assumption(assume) that house prices would remain steady.
4．I have no alternative but to ask(ask) him for an appropriate way to solve the problem.
5．The educators in this school took turns to deliver(deliver) a speech in the rural schools.
6．It is essential that he (should) get(get) some reliable information before making inferences.
7．Through interactive discussions，group readings，and insightful analysis，we are able to explore the depths(deep) of literature.
8．According to the educator，the committee is comprised of representatives from both the public and private sectors.
9．To turn their dreams into a reality(real)，the twins work very hard.
10．What made me thrilled was that I could distinguish between this kind of flower and another one.
2023·全国甲改编 你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1.人物简介及事迹；2.意义或启示。
完成句子
1．袁隆平，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”，被认为是中国农业发展中最具影响力的人物之一。(分词作定语；be assumed to be)
2．他毕生致力于研发高产水稻品种，极大地提高了中国的粮食产量，并帮助许多发展中国家缓解了饥饿问题。(devote；现在分词短语作结果状语)
3．面对研究资金的短缺和先进研究设备的匮乏，他没有放弃，而是不遗余力地一一克服这些困难。(过去分词短语作状语)
4．鉴于他已经实现了他想要的目标，很多人可能会认为他会退休去过悠闲的生活，但他并没有这样做。(given that...)
5．即使在他的晚年，他仍然继续构想和开发更高产的水稻品种，这是对我们所有人的激励。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
参考范文
Yuan Longping，known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”，is assumed to be one of the most influential figures in China’s agricultural development.
He devoted his entire life to developing high-yield rice strains，greatly increasing China’s food production and helping to alleviate hunger in many developing countries.He was a person of high perseverance and determination.Faced with the shortage of research funds and advanced research equipment，he didn’t give up but spared no effort to overcome these difficulties one by one.Without his efforts，many people in the world might still suffer from hunger.
Given that he had achieved what he wanted，many people might think he would retire to a life of leisure，but he didn’t.He kept on dreaming up and developing strains with higher yields even in his later years，which serves as an inspiration to us all.
教材语料整合
亮词 [情感描写] devote→devoted→devotion；convince→convinced；intense；leisure；deep down
[动作描写] tackle；boost；attain；assumption→assume；overcome；estimate；alleviate；digest
美句 1.Indeed，his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to whom he had devoted his life.(外貌描写) 2.Deep down，Yuan was still very much a farmer at heart.(人物描写) 3.Long ago，he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum，with each ear of rice as big as a broom，and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut.(排比修辞) 4.Even in his later years，Yuan Longping was still young at heart and full of vision.(人物描写)
拓展语料积累 动作细节描写：眼部动作
单词 wink v．眨眼；stare v．盯着看；glance v．瞥一眼；glare v．怒视；scan v．细看，端详
词块 eyes be wide with horror吓得瞪大眼睛；squeeze one’s eyes shut紧紧闭上眼睛；look straight into one’s eyes直视某人的眼睛；with one’s eyes fixed on sth 眼睛盯着某物；one’s eyes fall on...目光落在……；make eye contact眼神交流；one’s eyes shine/sparkle/glisten with...眼里闪着……的光芒；narrow one’s eyes 眯起眼睛
句型 1.She avoids any eye contact and quickly looks away when someone approaches.她避免任何眼神交流，当有人靠近时，她会迅速移开视线。 2．We stared at each other for a while，speechless.我们面面相觑了一会儿，无言以对。 3．At the bloody scene，she was so frightened that she squeezed her eyes shut.看到那血腥的一幕，她吓坏了，紧紧地闭上了眼睛。 4．Upon hearing the news，the boys jumped with joy，their eyes shining with excitement.一听到这个消息，男孩们就高兴得跳了起来，眼睛里闪烁着兴奋的光芒。 5．So absorbed was Jane that she fixed her eyes on the screen，lost in deep thought.简全神贯注，目不转睛地盯着屏幕，陷入沉思。
语料运用 农业丰收
In spite of the weather disaster，farmers ①had bravely overcome all difficulties and looked forward to a good harvest.Indeed，instead of poor harvests，②it was estimated that a boost might be possible.All villagers came to witness the exciting harvest time.Seeing the golden wheat field stretching as far as they could see，③their eyes shone with joy and excitement.Even the old who couldn’t work on the land came.They ④narrowed their eyes，talked with smiles and praised the young who were busy with harvesting.Some children gathered together，⑤their eyes fixed on a cricket(独立主格结构) that had lost a leg.All in all，the people，whether in the field or on the ground，⑥were overcome with such a harmonious scene.
尽管发生了天气灾害，农民们还是勇敢地克服了一切困难，期待着丰收。确实，据估计收成可能会增产，而不是歉收。所有的村民都来见证这激动人心的收获时刻。看到一望无尽金色的麦田，他们的眼睛里闪烁着喜悦和兴奋。甚至连那些不能到田间劳作的老人也来了。他们眯起眼睛，微笑着交谈，并赞扬忙于收割的年轻人。一些孩子聚在一起，目不转睛地盯着一只缺了一条腿的蟋蟀。总之，无论是在田间还是地头的人们都被这一幕和谐的景象所征服。
单元主题组合练
[62.5分]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
The taste of champagne as we know it could change beyond recognition in the coming years.As global temperatures continue to rise，the climate crisis poses a threat to the production of wine.
The supply of Chardonnay，Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier，among other popular ①wine-making grapes，is at risk.By 2050，about 85% of the lands on which good wine grapes are grown will no longer produce suitable wine grapes.
Grapes are susceptible to even the most subtle changes in weather.“Wine is kind of the canary(金丝雀) in the coal mine for climate change impacts on agriculture because so much of the character of wine is tied to the local climate，” said Benjamin Cook，a climate scientist.He published a paper in 2020 on how grape variety can resist climate change.
He adds that scientists are “seeing pretty much all plants，including wine grapevines，start their lifecycle in the growing season earlier，and often finish up earlier.You basically ripen your fruit earlier and typically you harvest earlier.” In the Champagne region of France，these changes can alter the distinctive personalities of grapes grown there.“If it ②matures too quickly，the ratio of acidity and sugar might be different，” Cook said.
A grape’s qualities are dependent on its environment.With a warming planet，it’s harder to produce grapes that make champagne taste sweeter and boozier(酒精浓度高的)．For instance，in a Chardonnay grape，what you’re looking for in a cooler climate is generally an apple taste，whereas in a warmer climate the warmth can change the grape’s qualities to be more like a tropical fruit，or even banana-like.
Farmers and winemakers are picking good places to grow grapes，like Belgium and Sweden，which benefit from warmer weather.This helps with making wine in changing climates.
The ③downside for those Swedish winemakers If those champagne grapes aren’t grown in the Champagne region of France，you can’t call it champagne，which is a protected designation of origin.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了全球气候变化对葡萄酒产业，特别是香槟酒生产的影响。
1．How does the climate change threaten the production of wine
A．By increasing the diversity of grapes.
B．By increasing the cost of wine making.
C．By intensifying the competition between winemakers.
D．By reducing the production of suitable wine-making grapes.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“By 2050，about 85% of the lands on which good wine grapes are grown will no longer produce suitable wine grapes.”可知，到2050年，大约85%的原本种植优质酿酒葡萄的土地将不再能产出适合酿酒的葡萄。因此，气候变化会导致适合酿酒的葡萄的产量减少，从而威胁到葡萄酒的生产。故选D。
2．What does the underlined word “susceptible” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Sensitive. B．Resistant.
C．Adaptable. D．Tolerant.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Wine is kind of the canary(金丝雀) in the coal mine for climate change impacts on agriculture because so much of the character of wine is tied to the local climate”可知，气候学家认为对于气候变化的影响，葡萄酒就像煤矿里的金丝雀，因为其特性与气候密切相关。由此可推测，葡萄容易受到气候的影响，也就是说葡萄对于气候的变化很敏感。故选A。
3．What can we learn from the text
A．The lifecycle of wine grapevines is becoming longer.
B．A Chardonnay grape may taste like banana in cooler climate.
C．Grapes’ ratio of acidity and sugar influences champagne’s taste.
D．Wine making in Sweden faces the same challenge as that in France.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“If it matures too quickly，the ratio of acidity and sugar might be different”和第五段中的“With a warming planet，it’s harder to produce grapes that make champagne taste sweeter and boozier(酒精浓度高的)．”可推知，葡萄的酸度和甜度的比例会影响香槟酒的味道。故选C。
4．Which can be the best title of the text
A．Will Champagne Become Sweeter
B．Why Is Champagne Called Champagne
C．Could Champagne Soon Stop Producing Champagne
D．What Impact Does Climate Change Have on Agriculture
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第一段中的“As global temperatures continue to rise，the climate crisis poses a threat to the production of wine.”和最后一段中的“If those champagne grapes aren’t grown in the Champagne region of France，you can’t call it champagne...”可知，文章主要讨论的是气候变化对葡萄酒的生产构成威胁，尤其是导致葡萄产地发生转移，而新产区种植的葡萄所酿的酒不能被称为香槟酒，所以C项“香槟区会很快停止生产香槟酒吗？”最适合作标题，故选C。
语境猜词 ①wine-making(合)＝wine＋making adj.酿造葡萄酒的 ②mature(转)adj.→v.成熟；长成 ③downside(合)＝down＋side n．不利方面；缺点
B
(2024·福建福州三模)
Urban agriculture，the practice of farming within the restrictions of a city，is becoming increasingly popular and is viewed as a sustainable alternative to big industrial farms.By some estimates，between 20% and 30% of the global urban population engages in some form of urban agriculture.But until recently，its carbon footprint remains understudied.
Using data from 73 ①low-tech city farms，community gardens and personal plots of land，Newell and his team compared the average carbon emissions of food produced at low-tech urban agriculture sites to those of conventionally grown crops.The team found that because of urban gardens’ relatively low yields，along with the energy used in constructing the planting beds，big-city spuds(马铃薯) were significantly more ②carbon-intensive than commercially grown ones.This held true even when the researchers factored in emissions from transporting commercially grown produce to often distant grocery stores.That doesn’t mean that growing vegetables in big cities is totally bad，however.“Urban farming is great，” if imperfect，says Carola Grebitus，a food choice expert.It can be a powerful tool for job creation and education，she says，and a good way to introduce fresh produce to urban “food deserts” where healthy fruit and vegetables are hard to come by.Community gardens can also provide a place to connect with nature，and the added green space can reduce the risks of heat and flooding.
Conscious of these benefits，Newell’s team highlighted several ways to make urban agriculture more sustainable.One option is to be selective about what crops are grown.For instance，tomatoes grown in the soil of open-air urban plots had a lower carbon intensity than tomatoes grown in conventional greenhouses.Another strategy is to rely on existing constructions.Include old structures into a new garden’s design instead of taking down old buildings.Finally，take the local climate，water quality and soil into account.Growing plants that are ③ill-suited to an area requires more water，energy and pesticides(杀虫剂)，all of which affect the environment.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了城市农业越来越受欢迎，并讲了其缺点和优点以及使城市农业更具可持续性的策略。
5．What can we know about urban agriculture from paragraph 1
A．It is thoroughly researched.
B．It is welcomed by city people.
C．It is environmentally friendly.
D．It is limited to industrial farms.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Urban agriculture...is becoming increasingly popular...between 20% and 30% of the global urban population engages in some form of urban agriculture.”可知，从第一段我们可以知道城市农业受到城市居民的欢迎。故选B。
6．How does the author explain the reason for urban agriculture’s higher carbon intensity
A．By making a comparison.
B．By telling a story.
C．By giving a definition.
D．By using a quote.
答案 A
解析 写作手法题。根据第二段中“...Newell and his team compared the average carbon emissions of food produced at low-tech urban agriculture sites to those of conventionally grown crops.”可知，作者通过作比较的方法来解释城市农业碳强度较高的原因。故选A。
7．According to Carola，what is a benefit of urban agriculture
A．It adds variety to urban people’s diet.
B．It provides recreational opportunities.
C．It strengthens the bonds of community.
D．It helps to contain drought and flooding.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘Urban farming is great，’ if imperfect，says Carola Grebitus...It can be a．..good way to introduce fresh produce to urban ‘food deserts’ where healthy fruit and vegetables are hard to come by.”可推知，城市农业的好处之一是它增加了城市居民饮食的多样性。故选A。
8．What is recommended to make urban agriculture more sustainable
A．Reconstructing gardens.
B．Developing greenhouse crops.
C．Selecting ④pesticide-free vegetables.
D．Growing plants suited to local conditions.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Finally，take the local climate，water quality and soil into account.Growing plants that are ill-suited to an area requires more water，energy and pesticides(杀虫剂)，all of which affect the environment.”可知，文章建议种植适合当地环境的植物，这样可以使城市农业更加可持续发展。故选D。
语境猜词 ①low-tech(合)＝low＋tech技术含量低的 ②carbon-intensive(合)＝carbon＋intensive碳密集的 ③ill-suited(合)＝ill＋suited不合适的 ④pesticide-free(合)＝pesticide＋free无农药的
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·山东临沂模拟)
Mark Covington，founder of the Georgia Street Community Collective in Detroit，stands in a corner of his urban farm，breathing the fresh air in the early morning. 1 Early in the day，the green crops giving life to tomatoes，cabbages，eggplants and more are bathed in gold，as if being ①watered by the sun.The sounds of dogs，roosters，and a group of stirring bees drown out the sounds of the city.
In 2007，Covington lost his job and returned to his childhood street. 2 “It was dirty，” he said.“There were always vacant ②lots，but they had always been maintained for children to play on.” He knew that if he just cleaned them up，people would pile on them again. 3
Covington started with a small community garden. 4 One mother sent three children to help him build a larger garden where the kids could grow food，stay busy during the summer and add structure to their lives.Little by little the seeds took root，as the hands on the garden that would evolve into a farm ③multiplied.
5 On one corner：a movie screen and a public garden with vegetables and flower beds.On another：a farm and a community center in a building.Nearby are garlic beds and a greenhouse.“It’s somewhat spiritual for me，” Covington says.“It’s like a harbor.People come here and don’t want to leave.”
A．But if he planted stuff，they might not.
B．It’s a typical morning scene at the collective.
C．He saw garbage piled high in vacant，abandoned lots.
D．Covington made the garden a little bigger to plant more.
E．And almost immediately neighbors began asking to participate.
F．He planted a garden to help feed residents and enrich their lives.
G．What began as an effort to remove trash has turned into a site of community.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Mark Covington建农场帮助社区焕发生机的故事。
1．答案 B
解析 根据上文“Mark Covington...stands in a corner of his urban farm，breathing the fresh air in the early morning.”及下文“Early in the day，the green crops giving life to tomatoes，cabbages...of the city.”可知，这些描述共同构成了这个集体农场清晨的景象，B项符合语境，故选B。
2．答案 C
解析 根据上文“In 2007，Covington lost his job and returned to his childhood street.”以及下文“‘It was dirty，’ he said.”可知，空处是说Covington回到儿时的街道后看到脏乱的景象，C项符合语境，故选C。
3．答案 A
解析 上文“He knew that if he just cleaned them up，people would pile on them again.”提到，Covington意识到如果只是简单地清理这些空地，人们又会再次把垃圾堆在上面，这暗示了空处会有转折，结合下文“Covington started with a small community garden.”提到他开辟菜园可推知，如果在这些空地上种植东西，人们可能就不会再往上面乱丢垃圾了，A项符合语境，故选A。
4．答案 E
解析 上文“Covington started with a small community garden.”提到Covington开始开辟菜园，结合下文“One mother sent three children to help him...”可知，邻居们参与进来，E项符合语境，故选E。
5．答案 G
解析 结合下文“On one corner：a movie screen and a public garden...a community center in a building.Nearby are garlic beds and a greenhouse.”可知，Covington的项目发展成为一个集多种功能于一体的社区活动场所，而该项目最初是从单纯地试图清理垃圾开始的。因此，选项G符合语境。故选G。
语境猜词 ①water(转)n.→v.给……浇水；灌溉 ②lot(熟义：pron.许多) 生义(文义)：n.一块地；场地 ③multiply(熟义：v.乘) 生义(文义)：v.迅速增加
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
A woman driving out of a car park has praised a stranger’s kindness.He 1 there was a problem with her car and pulled over to help.The touching 2 has left many saying their “faith” in ①humanity has been 3 .
The mum shared her experience on social media， 4 that she was driving out when the man 5 her car，clearly trying to send a signal.
“He shouted ‘you have a ②flat tyre’． 6 him immediately，I drove to the nearby 7-Eleven petrol station to pump up(打气)—the tyre...but no，it was 7 flat，” the mum said.The man and his son noticed she had a baby in the car and 8 her to the station. 9 she thought they were to fill up petrol but was 10 when they got out of the car to offer a helping hand.
“They didn’t want my baby and me to end up in a(n) 11 ” she said.“Asking me if I had a 12 wheel，Ron got it out of my car and started to change the tyre with his son.”
Saying the family were a 13 to the community，she remarked，“Society today makes many of us not want to mind other people’s 14 as you never know what would come back to bite you but today I am deeply 15 .”
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位女士在社交媒体上分享的经历：她的车胎瘪了，一位陌生男子及其儿子主动帮助她更换轮胎，让她深感人间仍有温暖。
1．A.spotted B．revealed
C．concluded D．forgot
答案 A
解析 spot发现；reveal揭示；conclude得出结论；forget忘记。根据后文“there was a problem with her car and pulled over to help”可知，他发现了她的车子有问题。故选A。
2．A.idea B．expression
C．act D．ceremony
答案 C
解析 idea想法；expression表达；act行为；ceremony仪式。根据前文“He there was a problem with her car and pulled over to help.”可知，本空指那位男士帮助女士的具体行为。故选C。
3．A.lost B．restored
C．exercised D．shaken
答案 B
解析 lose失去；restore恢复；exercise练习；shake动摇。根据前文“The touching has left many saying their ‘faith’ in humanity has been”可知，这一感人的善举让许多人表示他们对人性的“信任”得到了恢复。故选B。
4．A.predicting B．complaining
C．denying D．explaining
答案 D
解析 predict预测；complain抱怨；deny否认；explain解释。根据前文“The mum shared her experience on social media”和后文“she was driving out when the man her car，clearly trying to send a signal”可知，她在社交媒体上解释了事情发生的经过。故选D。
5．A.checked out B．got into
C．pointed to D．looked after
答案 C
解析 check out结账离开；get into进入；point to指向；look after照顾。根据后文“her car，clearly trying to send a signal”可知，那位男士指向她的车，显然是想发出信号。故选C。
6．A.Contacting B．Noticing
C．Thanking D．Recognizing
答案 C
解析 contact联系；notice注意到；thank感谢；recognize认出。根据上文“He shouted ‘you have a flat tyre’．”可知，女士听到对方的提醒之后应当是表示感谢。故选C。
7．A.slightly B．completely
C．accidentally D．hardly
答案 B
解析 slightly轻微地；completely完全地；accidentally意外地；hardly几乎不。根据前文“you have a flat tyre”“I drove to the nearby 7-Eleven petrol station to pump up(打气)—the tyre...but no”和后文“flat”可知，轮胎已经无法通过充气来解决问题，说明它是完全瘪了。故选B。
8．A.followed B．walked
C．guided D．hurried
答案 A
解析 follow跟随；walk步行；guide引导；hurry急忙。根据后文“she thought they were to fill up petrol but was when they got out of the car to offer a helping hand”可知，男士为了确保她的安全，跟随她去了加油站。故选A。
9．A.Occasionally B．Fortunately
C．Eventually D．Initially
答案 D
解析 occasionally偶尔；fortunately幸运地；eventually最终；initially最初。根据后文“she thought they were to fill up petrol but was when they got out of the car to offer a helping hand”可知，最初她以为他们只是来加油的，后来才知道他们是来帮忙的。故选D。
10．A.puzzled B．astonished
C．amused D．panicked
答案 B
解析 puzzled困惑的；astonished惊讶的；amused觉得好笑的；panicked惊慌的。根据前文“she thought they were to fill up petrol”和后文“when they got out of the car to offer a helping hand”可知，最初她以为他们只是来加油的，当男士及其儿子主动提出帮助时，她感到非常惊讶。故选B。
11．A.accident B．mess
C．conflict D．adventure
答案 A
解析 accident事故；mess混乱；conflict冲突；adventure冒险。根据前文“‘...it was flat，’ the mum said.The man and his son noticed she had a baby in the car...”可知，这里指的是男士及其儿子不希望她和孩子发生交通事故。故选A。
12．A.flat B．fancy
C．spare D．unique
答案 C
解析 flat瘪的；fancy花哨的；spare备用的；unique独特的。根据后文“Ron got it out of my car and started to change the tyre with his son”可知，Ron问这位妈妈是否有备用轮胎。故选C。
13．A.blessing B．relief
C．sadness D．joy
答案 A
解析 blessing祝福；relief解脱；sadness悲伤；joy喜悦。根据前文“A woman driving out of a car park has praised a stranger’s kindness.He there was a problem with her car and pulled over to help.”可知，这里指的是这个家庭的行为给社区带来了积极的影响，她认为这个家庭是社会的福气。故选A。
14．A.belongings B．business
C．privacy D．steps
答案 B
解析 belongings财产；business事务；privacy隐私；step步骤。根据前文“Society today makes many of us not want to mind other people’s”和后文“as you never know what would come back to bite you”可知，许多人不想管别人的事。故选B。
15．A.anxious B．contented
C．regretful D．grateful
答案 D
解析 anxious焦虑的；contented满足的；regretful后悔的；grateful感激的。根据前文“A woman driving out of a car park has praised a stranger’s kindness.”和“but today I am deeply”可知，这里指的是她对他们的帮助感到感激。故选D。
语境猜词 ①humanity(派)＝human＋ity n．人性 ②flat(熟义：adj.平的，平坦的) 生义(文义)：adj.(轮胎)没气的，瘪的
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Dazhai，a village 1. (surround) by mountains on all sides in Guangxi’s Longsheng autonomous county of various ethnic groups，which boasts around 66 square kilometers of terraced(梯田形的) fields that have been cultivated for around 2,300 years,2.________ (attract) tens of thousands of visitors every year.Its terraced fields follow 3. ①landform of the mountains，at heights ranging from 300 to 1,200 meters above sea level.So far，from swiftly flowing river valleys to ②mist-covered mountains，dense forests and steep cliffs，wherever there is water and soil，terraces 4. (dig)．
Those in Dazhai are important 5. (representative) of Longji terracing，a well-known type of terrace that can be found all over the county.The highest tier(层) has more than 1,100 levels,6. (wind) from the foot of the mountain to the top，creating a magnificent landscape 7. resembles a staircase to the clouds.The largest terrace is no more than an acre 8. size，while the smallest only accommodates a handful of rice seedlings(秧苗)．
Longji terraces are based on an environmental practice that focuses on harmony between humans and nature 9. the dynamic balance of forests and fields.They are not just beautiful landscapes but also carriers of Zhuang and Yao culture.
Longji terraces are an important model of ancient Chinese water 10. (manage) and agricultural civilization that has been passed down to the present day.Visitors can appreciate the way the Zhuang and Yao ethnic groups have farmed the terraces and how ancestral farming methods have been preserved.
语篇解读 本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了广西的龙脊梯田。
1．答案 surrounded
解析 考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语，修饰名词village，village与surround之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词，故填surrounded。
2．答案 attracts
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。空处作谓语动词，主语a village为单数，与attract之间为主动关系，且此处时间状语为every year，故应用一般现在时，故填attracts。
3．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。根据空后的“landform of the mountains”可知，此处特指山的地形，故填the。
4．答案 have been dug
解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处作谓语动词，主语terraces为复数，与dig之间为被动关系，且时间状语为So far，故填have been dug。
5．答案 representatives
解析 考查名词复数。空处作表语，主语Those为复数，故此处应用名词的复数形式，故填representatives。
6．答案 winding
解析 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词has且与空处之间无连词，故空处用非谓语动词作状语，主语The highest tier与wind之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词，故填winding。
7．答案 which/that
解析 考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为a magnificent landscape，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，故应用which/that引导，故填which/that。
8．答案 in
解析 考查介词。in size意为“在尺寸上”，故填in。
9．答案 and
解析 考查连词。此处的harmony between humans and nature和the dynamic balance of forests and fields为并列关系，故应用and连接，故填and。
10．答案 management
解析 考查名词。空处作介词of的宾语，故应用名词，故填management。
语境猜词 ①landform(合)＝land＋form n．地貌 ②mist-covered(合)＝mist＋cover＋ed adj.被雾笼罩的(共76张PPT)
Working the Land
选择性必修第一册 Unit 5
内容索引
排查基础知识
突破核心考点
提升写作能力
排查基础知识
Part One
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
n.杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车
vt.授粉；传粉
adj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的
n.(动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力
n.高粱；高粱米
n.扫把；扫帚；金雀花
1
hybrid
2
pollinate
3
domestic
4
strain
知识速记
5
sorghum
6
broom
n.谷物；谷粒；颗粒
n.地下通道；地道；隧道
n.小麦；小麦籽
(NAmE -vor) n.味道；特点，特色
(NAmE -izer) n.肥料
vt.减轻；缓解
adj.有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的
7
grain
8
tunnel
9
wheat
10
flavour
11
fertiliser
12
alleviate
13
organic
n.杀虫剂；除害药物
n.(pl.bacteria)细菌
n.矿物；矿物质
n.食品杂货店；[pl.]食品杂货
n.一批；一组
vt.分批处理
14
pesticide
15
bacterium
16
mineral
17
grocery
18
batch
vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理
n.(pl.crises)危机；危急关头
vt.使增长；使兴旺
n.增长；提高；激励
n.产量；产出
vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等)
vi.屈服；让步
1
tackle
2
crisis
3
boost
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
4
yield
vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到
adj.热切的 ；十分强烈的；激烈的
vt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜；使受巨大影响
n.产量；输出；输出量
vt.(output，output)输出
vt.估计；估价；估算
n.估计；估算
5
attain
6
intense
7
overcome
9
estimate
8
output
vt.包括；包含；由……组成
vt.产生；引起
n.闲暇；休闲；空闲
n.泥土；土壤；国土 ；领土
n.名望，名誉 ；名人；名流
n.现实；实际情况；事实
adj.城市的；都市的；城镇的
10
comprise
11
generate
12
leisure
13
soil
14
celebrity
15
reality
16
urban
n.炸弹
vt.轰炸；对……投炸弹
n.贫穷；贫困
adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
adj.完全必要的；极其重要的
n.可供选择的事物
adj.可供替代的；非传统的
17
bomb
18
poverty
19
widespread
20
essential
21
alternative
n.例子；实例；事例
n.根；根茎；根部；根源
adv.全部地；完整地；完全地
n.方面；层面
22
instance
23
root
24
entirely
25
aspect
1
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
devote vt.把……献(给)；专心于
→devotion n.奉献；忠诚；挚爱
→devoted adj.挚爱的 ；全心全意的；忠诚的
2
shortage n.不足；缺少；短缺
→short adj.短的；矮的；缺乏的；简略的
→shorten v.(使)变短，缩短
4
3
convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服
→convincing adj.有说服力的；使人信服的
→convinced adj.确信的；坚信的
characteristic n.特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的
→character n.性格；人物，角色
6
5
conventional adj.传统的；习惯的
→convention n.惯例；习俗；公约，协议；常规
expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务)
→expansion n.扩大；扩张；扩充
7
vision n.想象 ；视力；视野；影像
→envision vt.展望；想象
9
8
salty adj.含盐的；咸的
→salt n.盐
extension n.扩建部分；扩大；电话分机
→extend vt.伸开；展开；延伸
→extensive adj.广阔的；大规模的；广泛的
10
chemical adj.与化学有关的；化学的 n.化学制品；化学品
→chemistry n.化学
→chemically adv.化学上地
→chemist n.化学家；药剂师
11
nutritional adj.营养(物)的
→nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的
→nutrition n.营养；滋养
13
12
depth n.向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)
→deep adj.深的
→deeply adv.深深地；强烈地
→deepen vt.加深；(使)变深
digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会；领悟 n.摘要；文摘
→digestion n.消化；消化能力
14.
assumption n.假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得
→assume v.假定；设想；承担
→assuming conj.假定；假设
15
consumption n.消耗；消耗量；消费
→consume vt.消耗；消费；吃；喝
→consumer n.消费者；用户；顾客
名词后缀-ption/-ation：像动词assume和consume这样以-me结尾的单词变名时，通常去掉末尾的e，后加-ption变为assumption和consumption。以be结尾的动词变名词时，也多遵循同一规则，如describe→description；
subscribe→subscription；也有些以m结尾的动词变名词时后加ation，如confirm→confirmation；inform→information等。
积累 —— 构词法 学一法 会一类
(1)Protective gloves reduce the (absorb) of chemicals through the skin.
(2) (transcribe) is the vital bridge between spoken words and written records.
(3)My profession had an important influence on the (form) of my character and temperament.
(4)The moment I heard the (confirm) of my acceptance，all my anxiety vanished into thin air.
积累 —— 构词法 学一法 会一类
absorption
Transcription
formation
confirmation
trustworthy /'tr stw i/ adj.值得信任的；可靠的
empathy /'emp θi/ n.同感；共情
→empathetic / emp 'θetIk/ adj.同感的；共情的
be/feel jealous of 嫉妒；羡慕
split /splIt/ vi.& vt.(split，split) 分成；分裂；分担
n.分裂；裂缝
1
3
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
2
4
distress /dI'stres/ n.忧虑；悲伤
6.flourish /'fl rI / vi.& vt.成功；健康成长；繁荣
tie to 与……联系在一起
５
７
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
６
1
2
devote...to 把……用于；献身；致力；专心
be comprised of 包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)
deep down 在内心深处；本质上；实际上
in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流
for instance 例如；比如
be like... 像……
fulfil one’s dreams 实现某人的梦想
3
4
5
6
Ⅳ.背核心短语
7
8
9
in fact 事实上
turn to 转向；求助于
be ready for 为……做准备
10
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1
However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.(that引导的表语从句)
然而，他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。
2
How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.(how引导的主语从句)
如何实现这一目标成为当时一个颇具挑战性的问题。
3
However，whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.(whether引导的主语从句)
然而，是否可能开发出水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种，仍众说纷纭。
4
Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy，one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.(given that引导的原因状语从句)
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
5
Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops.(现在分词短语作结果状语)
种植不同作物是为了把重要的矿物质重新放回土壤之中，让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)做好准备。
(2024·全国甲)It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food，so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.
[句式分析] 此句是so连接的 句。it作 ，to tell...enough food为真正的主语；that引导 从句；before引导_____
______从句。
[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
体验 —— 析真题长句 知高考难度
实际上，你的大脑需要几分钟的时间来告诉你的身体它已经吃饱了，所以慢慢吃，并且在你感觉饱之前就停止进食。
并列复合
形式主语
宾语
时间
状语
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.hybrid n._________________________________
2.alleviate vt._____________
3.pollinate vt._____________
4.domestic adj.________________________________
5.strain n.__________________________________
6.grain n.__________________
7.flavour n.__________________
杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车
默写巩固
词汇默写
减轻；缓解
授粉；传粉
本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的
(动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力
谷物；谷粒；颗粒
味道；特点，特色
8.organic adj.________________________________
9.pesticide n.__________________
10.grocery n.__________________________
有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的
杀虫剂；除害药物
食品杂货店；[pl.]食品杂货
Ⅱ.重点单词
1._______ vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理
2._______ vt.使增长；使兴旺
n.增长；提高；激励
3._______ vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到
4._________ vt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜
5._________ vt.产生；引起
6._______ n.闲暇；休闲；空闲
7._______ n.(pl.crises)危机；危急关头
tackle
boost
attain
overcome
generate
leisure
crisis
8.________ n.现实；实际情况；事实
9._________ adv.全部地；完整地；完全地
10.___________ adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
11.________ vt.估计；估价；估算
n.估计；估算
12._________ adj.完全必要的；极其重要的
13.___________ n.可供选择的事物
adj.可供替代的；非传统的
14.________ n.例子；实例；事例
15._______ n.方面；层面
reality
entirely
widespread
estimate
essential
alternative
instance
aspect
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1.______________ n.特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的
→__________ n.性格；人物，角色
2._____________ n.消耗(量)；消费
→_________ vt.消耗；消费；吃；喝
→__________ n.消费者；用户；顾客
3.______ adj.含盐的；咸的
→____ n.盐
characteristic
character
consumption
consume
consumer
salty
salt
4.__________ n.扩建部分；扩大；电话分机
→_______ vt.伸开；展开；延伸
→_________ adj.广阔的；大规模的；广泛的
5.___________ adj.营养(物)的
→__________ adj.有营养的；营养丰富的
→_________ n.营养；滋养
6._______ n.想象；视力；视野；影像
→________ vt.展望；想象
extension
extend
extensive
nutritional
nutritious
nutrition
vision
envision
Ⅳ.核心短语
1.___________ 把……用于；献身；致力；专心
2.________________ 包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)
3.___________ 在内心深处；本质上；实际上
4.________ 相应地；转而；依次；轮流
5.____________ 例如；比如
6.__________________ 实现某人的梦想
7.________ 转向；求助于
8.____________ 为……做准备
devote...to
be comprised of
deep down
in turn
for instance
fulfil one’s dreams
turn to
be ready for
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.He is a ________ teacher who has devoted all his time ____ education，and his ________ pays off.(devote)
2.What he said was so _____________ that I was completely __________ of his story.(convince)
3.The ________ demonstrated some typical ________ experiments in our __________ class.(chemist)
4.We will discuss the problem in ______ to _______ our understanding so that we can understand it ________.(depth)
默写巩固
语境运用
devoted
to
devotion
convincing
convinced
chemist
chemical
chemistry
depth
deepen
deeply
5.More and more countries in the world are short ___ water，and global water __________(short) are becoming increasingly serious.
6.__________ all our ____________ are correct，what should we do next？(assume)
7.The book is an ____________ of a series of lectures given last year，so you are capable of ____________ your knowledge by reading it.(expand)
8.While many people follow _______________ wisdom，it’s important to remember that sometimes breaking away from ____________ leads to groundbreaking discoveries.(convention)
of
shortages
Assuming
assumptions
expansion
expanding
conventional
convention
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.鉴于有机农业正变得非常流行，我们上周就化学农业和有机农业进行了一场激烈的辩论。(given that...) 1._______________________________________________________________，we had a heated debate on chemical agriculture and organic agriculture last week.
Ⅱ.补全短文(微写作)
Given that organic agriculture is becoming dramatically popular
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
2.很明显，使用化学肥料有很多优点。(that引导主语从句) 3.此外，蔬菜生长得太快，以至于它们所含的营养很少，会带来健康问题。(现在分词短语作状语) It is obvious 2.__________________
___________________________.However，the chemicals used on the crops or in the soil can do harm to not only people but also the soil.Besides，the vegetables grow so fast that they contain little nutrition,3.________
______________________.
that using chemical
fertilizers has many advantages
bringing
about health problems
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
4.第一个原因是天然肥料使蔬菜和水果既美味又有营养。(that引导表语从句) 5.有机农业不会污染环境也是它受欢迎的一个重要原因。(that引导主语从句) The reasons why organic foods are becoming increasingly popular are as follows.The first reason is 4._______________________________
________________________________________.
5.________________________________________
_______________ is also an important reason for its popularity.
As the saying goes，health is the first wealth，so it is wise for us to choose organic foods.
that natural fertilizers make vegetables and fruits tasty and nutritious
That organic agriculture does not pollute the environment
Our class is comprised of thirty students，most of 1.________ come from the countryside in poverty.Deep down，all of us envision 2.__________(us) attaining respectful jobs in urban cities in the near future.Dreams 3.________(root) in our hearts，we work hard and devote ourselves to our study all day.We are firmly convinced that only if we spare no effort to work can we broaden our vision and boost our ability 4._________(tackle) crises.We learn by combining conventional learning methods 5.______ modern ones to expand our knowledge so as to output what we have learned in the future.Certainly，
词汇串记
whom
ourselves
rooted
to tackle
with
6.____ is essential that we shouldn’t yield to difficulties.Indeed，too much homework tends to generate much strain and we will be overcome with anxiety if it is not properly treated.7.____________(fortune)，we have alternative methods to alleviate our frustration.For instance，we can relax in our leisure time.Besides，maintaining a nutritious diet is also essential even though we have a 8._________(short) of money.Assuming that we always have such 9._____ intense and widespread interest in study，it is estimated that we can turn our dreams into reality，which in turn will enable us to live a 10._______(good) life that we have been looking forward to.
返 回
it
Fortunately
shortage
an
better
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
突破核心考点
Part Two
vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于(常与介词to连用)(devoted adj.挚爱的；忠诚的 devotion n.奉献；忠诚；挚爱)
devote
·devote...to (doing) sth 把……奉献给；把……专注于；献身；致力
devote oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事；献身于(做)某事
·be devoted to (doing) sth 专心于(做)某事；致力于(做)某事
1
(1)With unwavering ，he devoted every waking moment ____ his craft，proving himself to be a truly artist.(devote)
devotion
to
devoted
(2)总之，现在是我们应该致力于保护海洋的时候了。
(2022·全国甲，书面表达)
All in all，it is high time that ____________________________________
_________________.
(3)我热衷于阅读经典文学，这不仅拓宽了我的视野，也丰富了我的内心世界。
___________________________________________，which not only broadens my horizons but also enriches my inner world.
we devoted/should devote ourselves to
protecting oceans
I am deeply devoted to reading classic literature
convince
·convince sb of sth 使某人确信/明白某事
convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
convince sb that...使某人相信……
·be convinced (that...)/of...(某人)坚信……
vt.使相信；使确信；说服(convinced adj.确信的；坚信的 convincing adj.令人信服的)
(1)So is your speech that I’m that all students will benefit a lot from it.(convince)
2
convincing
convinced
(2)你在危机中的表现使我们相信你有能力应对紧急情况，并使我们相信能把这项重要任务交给你。
Your performance in the crisis has ________________________________
_______________ and convinced us .
(3)我坚信，通过这次讲座，我们不仅可以了解中国文学，而且可以提高我们对中国传统文化的兴趣。
________________________ through the lecture not only can we get the hang of Chinese literature，but also we can boost our interest in traditional Chinese culture.
convinced us of your ability to tackle
emergencies
to hand the important task to you
I’m firmly convinced that
assumption
·on the assumption that...假定……
make an assumption 作出臆断
·assume sb/sth (to be)＋adj./n.假定/认为某人/某事(为)……
It is generally assumed that...人们普遍认为……
·assuming (that)...假设……
n.假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得(assume v.假定；设想；承担；假装 assuming conj.假如)
(1)Deep down they assumed her (be) the best singer of their time.
3
to be
(2)People assume that drinking Chinese tea can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory.(话题写作之传统文化)
→______________________________________________________________________________________________________________(用it作形式主语和not only...but also...的倒装句改写)
(3)假如我被选为学生会主席，我将组织更多丰富多彩的课外活动以丰富我们的学校生活。(应用文写作之申请信)
_________________________________________________________________________________，I will organize more colorful after-class activities to enrich our school life.
It is generally assumed that not only can drinking Chinese tea refresh ourselves but also it can strengthen our memory.
On the assumption that/Assuming that I am chosen to be chairman of the Student Council
alternative
have no alternative but to do sth 别无选择只好做某事
an alternative to...……的替代品
n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的(alternatively adv.可供选择地)
4
(1)On the assumption that you are available，I can come to your house，or (alternative)，we can meet in the town.
alternatively
(2)面对海洋令人担忧的现状，人类别无选择只能彼此合作解决这个海洋危机。毕竟，世界上没有东西可以替代海洋。
(2022·全国甲，书面表达)
Faced with the worrying current situation of oceans，human beings _____________________________________________ to tackle the ocean crisis.After all，nothing in the world can __________________ oceans.
(3)共享单车已成为城市出行的象征，为短途出行提供了一种经济实惠且环保的选择。 (2024·全国甲，书面表达)
Shared bicycles have emerged as a symbol of urban mobility，________
______________________________________________.
have no alternative but to cooperate with each other
be an alternative to
offering
an affordable and green alternative for short trips
in turn
转而；相应地；反过来；依次；轮流
5
by turns轮流
take turns to do sth 轮流做某事
It is one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。
turn out结果是；生产；制造
用turn短语的正确形式填空
Some student representatives (1) to deliver speeches at the coming-of-age ceremony.Finally，it was my turn.Personally，in the past our parents and teachers helped us in many aspects and (2) ，we should give them a helping hand from now on.For instance，we and our parents can do housework (3) .It (4) that the ceremony makes a great difference to us. (2020·天津，书面表达)
took turns
in turn
by turns
turns out
given that引导的原因状语从句
given that＋从句，用来说明已知事实，表示“鉴于，考虑到”。
Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy，one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
(1)鉴于你对中国的传统节日端午节非常感兴趣，我写信向你介绍这一节日。(话题写作之传统文化)
____________________________________________________—Dragon Boat Festival，I am writing to introduce it to you.
6
Given that you are keen on the traditional Chinese festival
(2)考虑到我们学生需要更多的身体锻炼，我校上周日将举行了一次越野赛跑。 (2020·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)
_______________________________________________，our school organized a cross-country running race last Sunday.
Given that we students need more physical exercise
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1.I often read magazines with my sons，and our favourite is Reader’s Digest①.As a parent，you can provide many books for children，but you can’t force them to think carefully，enjoy books，digest② complex information，or develop a taste for learning.Just as you should allow a little time after a meal for the food to digest③，you should also give children time to reflect on the books they have read.
①________________
②________________
③________________
n.文摘；摘要
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
基础达标
vt.理解；领悟
vt.消化；吸收
2.After overcoming① many difficulties，they finally overcame② France in the final game and they were overcome③ with great joy at the victory.
①______________
②_____________
③_______________
v.克服，解决
v.打败，战胜
v.使受巨大影响
3.In the process of improving the yield① of crops，their team encountered numerous barriers，but they didn’t yield② to the difficulties and never yielded③ their goals.
①_____________
②_____________
③______________
n.产量；产出
v.屈服；让步
v.放弃，让出
4.Besides these alternative① proposals，there is no alternative② ones，so we have no alternative③ but to adopt it.
①_____________
②_______________________
③__________________
adj.非传统的
adj.可供替代的，备选的
n.可供选择的事物
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1.However，as a ________(devote) reader，I sincerely hope that you could make further improvement.
2.A ________(short) of reliable evidence is likely to lead to the suspect’s being released.
3.My assessments were based on the ___________(assume) that house prices would remain steady.
4.I have no alternative but ________(ask) him for an appropriate way to solve the problem.
devoted
shortage
assumption
to ask
5.The educators in this school took turns ___________(deliver) a speech in the rural schools.
6.It is essential that he _____________(get) some reliable information before making inferences.
7.Through interactive discussions，group readings，and insightful analysis，we are able to explore the ________(deep) of literature.
8.According to the educator，the committee is comprised ________ representatives from both the public and private sectors.
to deliver
(should) get
depths
of
9.To turn their dreams into a ________(real)，the twins work very hard.
10.What made me thrilled was ________ I could distinguish between this kind of flower and another one.
返 回
reality
that
提升写作能力
Part Three
应用文增分练
农业历史人物
(2023·全国甲改编)
你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1.人物简介及事迹；2.意义或启示。
1.袁隆平，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”，被认为是中国农业发展中最具影响力的人物之一。(分词作定语；be assumed to be)
_____________________________________________________________
2.他毕生致力于研发高产水稻品种，极大地提高了中国的粮食产量，并帮助许多发展中国家缓解了饥饿问题。(devote；现在分词短语作结果状语)
_____________________________________________________________
3.面对研究资金的短缺和先进研究设备的匮乏，他没有放弃，而是不遗余力地一一克服这些困难。(过去分词短语作状语)
_____________________________________________________________
应用文增分练
完成句子
4.鉴于他已经实现了他想要的目标，很多人可能会认为他会退休去过悠闲的生活，但他并没有这样做。(given that...)
_____________________________________________________________
5.即使在他的晚年，他仍然继续构想和开发更高产的水稻品种，这是对我们所有人的激励。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
应用文增分练
组句成篇
Yuan Longping，known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”，is assumed to be one of the most influential figures in China’s agricultural development.
He devoted his entire life to developing high-yield rice strains，greatly increasing China’s food production and helping to alleviate hunger in many developing countries.He was a person of high perseverance and determination.Faced with the shortage of research funds and advanced research equipment，he didn’t give up but spared no effort to overcome these difficulties one by one.Without his efforts，many people in the world might still suffer from hunger.
应用文增分练
参考范文
Given that he had achieved what he wanted，many people might think he would retire to a life of leisure，but he didn’t.He kept on dreaming up and developing strains with higher yields even in his later years，which serves as an inspiration to us all.
亮词 [情感描写] devote→devoted→devotion；convince→convinced；intense；leisure；deep down
[动作描写] tackle；boost；attain；assumption→assume；overcome；estimate；alleviate；digest
续写积累提能练
教材语料整合
美句 1.Indeed，his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to whom he had devoted his life.(外貌描写)
2.Deep down，Yuan was still very much a farmer at heart.(人物描写)
3.Long ago，he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum，with each ear of rice as big as a broom，and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut.(排比修辞)
4.Even in his later years，Yuan Longping was still young at heart and full of vision.(人物描写)
动作细节描写：眼部动作
单词 wink v.眨眼；stare v.盯着看；glance v.瞥一眼；glare v.怒视；scan v.细看，端详
词块 eyes be wide with horror吓得瞪大眼睛；squeeze one’s eyes shut紧紧闭上眼睛；look straight into one’s eyes直视某人的眼睛；with one’s eyes fixed on sth 眼睛盯着某物；one’s eyes fall on...目光落在……；make eye contact眼神交流；one’s eyes shine/sparkle/
glisten with...眼里闪着……的光芒；narrow one’s eyes 眯起眼睛
续写积累提能练
拓展语料积累
句型 1.She avoids any eye contact and quickly looks away when someone approaches.她避免任何眼神交流，当有人靠近时，她会迅速移开视线。
2.We stared at each other for a while，speechless.我们面面相觑了一会儿，无言以对。
3.At the bloody scene，she was so frightened that she squeezed her eyes shut.看到那血腥的一幕，她吓坏了，紧紧地闭上了眼睛。
4.Upon hearing the news，the boys jumped with joy，their eyes shining with excitement.一听到这个消息，男孩们就高兴得跳了起来，眼睛里闪烁着兴奋的光芒。
5.So absorbed was Jane that she fixed her eyes on the screen，lost in deep thought.简全神贯注，目不转睛地盯着屏幕，陷入沉思。
农业丰收
In spite of the weather disaster，farmers ①_____________________
______________ and looked forward to a good harvest.Indeed，instead of poor harvests，② .All villagers came to witness the exciting harvest time.
尽管发生了天气灾害，农民们还是勇敢地克服了一切困难，期待着丰收。确实，据估计收成可能会增产，而不是歉收。所有的村民都来见证这激动人心的收获时刻。
续写积累提能练
语料运用
had bravely overcome
all difficulties
it was estimated that a boost might be possible
Seeing the golden wheat field stretching as far as they could see，③_____
_________________________________.Even the old who couldn’t work on the land came.They ④ ，talked with smiles and praised the young who were busy with harvesting.
看到一望无尽金色的麦田，他们的眼睛里闪烁着喜悦和兴奋。甚至连那些不能到田间劳作的老人也来了。他们眯起眼睛，微笑着交谈，并赞扬忙于收割的年轻人。
their
eyes shone with joy and excitement
narrowed their eyes
返 回
Some children gathered together，⑤ (独立主格结构) that had lost a leg.All in all，the people，whether in the field or on the ground，⑥ .
一些孩子聚在一起，目不转睛地盯着一只缺了一条腿的蟋蟀。总之，无论是在田间还是地头的人们都被这一幕和谐的景象所征服。
their eyes fixed on a cricket
were overcome with such a harmonious scene
