UNIT 3 SPORTS AND FITNESS
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.soccer n. 足球;足球运动
2.stadium n.(pl.stadiums or stadia) 体育场;运动场
3.boxing n. 拳击(运动)
4.badminton n. 羽毛球运动
5.marathon n. 马拉松赛跑
6.ski adj. 滑雪的
vi. 滑雪
7.track n. 跑道;足迹;铁路轨道
vt.& vi. 追踪;跟踪
8.gym n. 健身房;体育馆
9.gymnastics n. 体操(训练)
10.legend n. 传奇故事(或人物);传说
11.push-up n.(especially NAmE) 俯卧撑
12.jog vi. 慢跑
n. 慢跑
13.error n. 错误;差错
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.a sports event 体育比赛项目
2.a cold sweat 冷汗
3.a chess master 一位国际象棋大师
4.a gold medal 金牌
5.miles apart 相距数英里
6.captain of the football team 足球队队长
7.pretend to be sick 假装生病
8.a population of two million 二百万人口
9.cheat in an exam 在考试中作弊
10.the live audience 现场观众
11.a positive attitude 积极的态度
12.a slim figure 苗条的身材
13.a balanced diet 均衡的饮食
14.rather cold 相当冷
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.fitness n. 健康;健壮;适合
fit adj. 健康的;合适的 v.适合
2.host vt. 主办;主持 n.主人;东道主;节目主持人
hostess n. 女主人;女主持人
3.athlete n. 运动员;运动健儿
athletic adj. 运动型的;健壮的;
体育运动的;田径运动的
4.honour n. 荣誉;尊敬;荣幸
honourable adj. 可敬的;值得敬仰的;体面的;高尚的
5.glory n. 荣誉;光荣;赞美
glorious adj. 光荣的;壮丽的
6.championship n. 锦标赛;冠军赛;冠军称号
champion n. 冠军;优胜者
7.determination n. 决心;决定
determine vt. 决定;下决心
determined adj. 坚决的;有决心的
8.injure vt. 使受伤;损害
injured adj. 受伤的;有伤的
injury n. 伤害;损伤
9.graceful adj. 优美的;优雅的
gracefully adv. 优雅地;温文地
grace n. 优雅;高雅;风度
10.strength n. 力量;体力
strengthen vt.& vi. 加强;巩固
strong adj. 强壮的;坚强的
11.failure n. 失败;失败的人(或事物)
fail vt.& vi. 失败;不及格;未能(做到)
12.compete vi. 竞争;对抗
competition n. 竞争
competitive adj. 竞争的;有竞争力的
competitor n. 竞争者
13.stress n. 压力;紧张;重音
vt. 强调;重读;使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安
stressful adj. 压力重的;紧张的
stressed adj. 焦虑不安的
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.set an example 树立榜样
2.give up 放弃;投降
3.lose heart 丧失信心;泄气
4.make sense 有道理;合乎情理;表述清楚
5.work out 锻炼;计算出;解决
6.compare...with/to... 与……比较
7.cut...out 停止做(或使用、食用);剪下
8.make a difference 有作用或影响
9.pretend to do sth 假装做某事
e along 跟随;到达;进步;赶快;出现
11.fall apart 破裂;破碎;崩溃
12.make it 获得成功;准时到达
13.rather than 而不是
14.now and then 有时;偶尔
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.Losing two important players was a big challenge,but Lang Ping did not lose heart. (动名词短语作主语)
损失两大主力队员是个巨大的挑战,但是郎平没有气馁。
2.In the final seconds of a game,Jordan always seemed to find a way to win. (sb/sth+seems/seemed+不定式)
在比赛的最后几秒钟,乔丹似乎总能找到制胜的方法。
3.Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failures. (the secret to...is...)
乔丹说,他的成功秘诀在于吸取失败的教训。
4.A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team. (even if引导让步状语从句)
足球运动员不应该假装摔倒,即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。
5.As a player,Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country.As a coach,she led the China women’s volleyball team to medals at world championships and the Olympics.As a person,Lang Ping is loved by fans at home and abroad. (排比的修辞手法)
作为一名运动员,郎平为她的祖国赢得了诸多荣誉。作为一名教练,她带领中国女子排球队在世界锦标赛和奥运会赛场上屡获殊荣。作为个人,郎平深受国内外球迷的喜爱。
构词法日积月累
-ful与-less是一对意思相反的形容词后缀,-ful表示“充满……的,有……性质(或倾向)的”,-less表示“没有,无”。
graceful优美的;优雅的 graceless粗鲁的;不优美的 useful有用的 useless无用的 painful令人痛苦的 painless无痛的 powerful强有力的;有影响力的 powerless无影响力的;无权的 hopeful满怀希望的 hopeless无望的 meaningful重要的;有意义的 meaningless不重要的;无意义的
Step One 写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.a soccer stadium足球体育场
2.a boxing match一场拳击比赛
3.a marathon race一场马拉松赛跑
4.a running track赛跑跑道
5.a school gym学校体育馆
6.the gymnastics competition体操比赛
7.an ancient legend古老的传说
8.a morning jog早晨慢跑
9.an error in judgement判断错误
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.event n.比赛项目;大事;公开活动
2.sweat vt.使出汗;出汗弄湿 vi.出汗;流汗 n.汗水;出汗
3.master n.高手;主人 vt.精通;掌握
4.medal n.奖章;勋章
5.captain n.(运动队)队长;船长;机长
6.pretend vi.& vt.假装;装扮
7.million num.一百万
8.cheat vi.作弊;舞弊 vt.欺骗;蒙骗 n.欺骗手段;骗子
9.audience n.观众;听众
10.positive adj.积极的;正面的;乐观的;肯定的
11.slim adj.苗条的;单薄的
12.diet n.规定饮食;日常饮食 vi.节食
13.rather adv.相当;有点儿
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.fit adj.健康的;合适的 v.适合→fitness n.健康;健壮;适合
2.host vt.主办;主持 n.主人;东道主;节目主持人→hostess n.女主人;女主持人
3.athlete n.运动员;运动健儿→athletic adj.运动型的;健壮的;体育运动的;田径运动的
4.honour n.荣誉;尊敬;荣幸→honourable adj.可敬的;值得敬仰的;体面的;高尚的
5.glory n.荣誉;光荣;赞美→glorious adj.光荣的;壮丽的
6.champion n.冠军;优胜者→championship n.锦标赛;冠军赛;冠军称号
7.determine vt.决定;下决心→determination n.决心;决定→determined adj.坚决的;有决心的
8.injure vt.使受伤;损害→injured adj.受伤的;有伤的→injury n.伤害;损伤
9.grace n.优雅;高雅;风度→graceful adj.优美的;优雅的→gracefully adv.优雅地;温文地
10.strong adj.强壮的;坚强的→strength n.力量;体力→strengthen vt.& vi.加强;巩固
11.fail vt.& vi.失败;不及格;未能(做到)→failure n.失败;失败的人(或事物)
12.compete vi.竞争;对抗→competition n.竞争→competitive adj.竞争的;有竞争力的→competitor n.竞争者
13.stress n.压力;紧张;重音 vt.强调;重读;使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安→stressful adj.压力重的;紧张的→stressed adj.焦虑不安的
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.compare...with/to... 与……比较
2.cut...out停止做(或使用、食用);剪下
3.make a difference有作用或影响
4.pretend to do sth假装做某事
5.come along跟随;到达;进步;赶快;出现
6.fall apart破裂;破碎;崩溃
7.make it获得成功;准时到达
8.set an example 树立榜样
9.give up放弃;投降
10.lose heart丧失信心;泄气
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式:sb/sth+seems/seemed+不定式
The weather seems to be clearing up just in time for our field trip. (环境描写)
天气似乎正好在我们郊游前放晴了。
2.句型公式:the secret to...is...
The secret to making friends is to be kind and genuine. (建议信)
交朋友的秘诀是要友好和真诚。
3.句型公式:even if/though引导让步状语从句
Even if/though you think it’s too late,it’s worth trying to apologize. (建议信)
即使你认为太晚了,尝试道歉也是值得的。
Step Two 练一练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.When the famous actor appeared on the stage,the audience (观众) stood up and started cheering.
2.Those who are caught cheating (作弊) in the National College Entrance Examination will be punished severely.
3.In order to be more charming and slimmer (苗条的),girls tend to go on a diet.
4.Overwhelmed with nervousness,he stood up,sweat (汗水) in hand.
5.Compared with those who are always complaining,people with a positive attitude towards life live longer.
6.I’ll never forget the day when I won my first gold medal in the exciting game.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Violence is a sign of weakness or fear,not a sign of strength (strong) or confidence.
2.After years of hard work and with great determination (determine),she was finally promoted to CEO.
3.The library is functioning as a temporary hospital to cope with people injured (injure) in the earthquake.
4.Race walking shares many fitness (fit) benefits with running,research shows,while most likely contributing to fewer injuries.
5.It is also a virtue to forgive and forget,especially in such a competitive and stressful (stress) society.
6.All the excited competitors are competing for the honour of winning the gold medal in the competition.(compete)
7.Though the art show failed to attract as many visitors as we had expected,it was far from being a failure (fail).On the contrary,it was a great success.
8.It is his hope that his sons can become strong and athletic (athlete) like himself.
Ⅲ.短语填空
come along;give up;pretend to;cut out
1.When the right opportunity comes along,try your best to grab it.
2.He pretended to be reading an important document when the boss came in.
3.The doctor told me to cut out meat for my obesity.
4.In the beginning,learning English seemed so difficult that I wanted to give up even without trying.
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Competitive Sports and Mass Sports
In modern times,there seem to be hundreds of sports for us,such as soccer,boxing,badminton,marathon,skiing,gymnastics and track and field.Whatever you like,you will find one 1.suitable (suit) for you.In addition,we can choose to work out in stadiums,gyms,or at home.Nowadays,sports can be 2.roughly (rough) divided into two categories—competitive sports and mass sports.The former means that athletes must compete 3.against/with each other for medals in championships or events in Olympics to win honour and glory for their country,4.which needs not only skills and strength but also great determination.However,success often comes along with error,stress,failure and 5.injuries (injury).Sometimes even a master may fall apart,but he never loses heart.Finally he makes it and becomes a champion and legend,6.setting (set) an example to others.7.Compared (compare) with competitive sports,mass sports focus on fitness rather than 8.competition (compete).Millions of people go jogging or do push-ups to keep healthy or become slimmer instead of going on a diet by cutting out fat.However,with no audience 9.to shout (shout) encouragement,they may give up.They cheat themselves into taking exercise the next day or pretend to have done it otherwise,which doesn’t make sense.However,even if you take exercise now and then,it will make 10.a difference and have positive effects,won’t it So why not move in and join in the mass sports
1.honour n.荣誉;尊敬;荣幸 v.尊敬;给予表扬;信守(承诺)
(honourable adj.可敬的;值得敬仰的;体面的;高尚的)
佳句背诵
With the Dragon Boat Festival approaching,we are planning to hold a dragon boat race in honour of the famous poet,Qu Yuan. (节日介绍)
随着端午节的临近,我们计划举行一场龙舟比赛,以纪念著名诗人屈原。
It’s an honour for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事很荣幸
feel it an honour to do sth 做某事感到荣幸
in honour of... 向……表示敬意;为纪念……
be/feel honoured to do sth 做某事感到荣幸
以练促学 一句多译
①我非常荣幸地发表演讲,与大家分享我对京剧的看法。
→It is a great honour for me to deliver a speech to share with you my opinions on Peking Opera.
→I feel it a great honour to deliver a speech to share with you my opinions on Peking Opera.
→I feel/am greatly honoured to deliver a speech to share with you my opinions on Peking Opera.
教考衔接 单句写作
②It’s my honour to be here to present my speech on creating a low carbon campus starting from ourselves. (演讲稿;2024·天津卷)
很荣幸能在这里发表我的演讲,主题是从我们自身做起,共同打造低碳校园。
③I feel greatly honoured to invite you to give an interview on the English program. (邀请信;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
我很荣幸邀请您参加英语节目的采访。
2.determination n.决心;决定(determine vt.决定;下决心 determined adj.坚决的;有决心的)
佳句背诵
As a special education teacher at the school,I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination. (心理描写;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
作为学校的一名特教教师,我熟悉大卫面临的挑战,并为他的坚定决心感到自豪。
determine to do... 决定做……(表示动作)
determine on sth 决定某事
be determined to do... 决心做……(表示状态)
以练促学 单句语法填空/单句写作
①It was at that time that I determined to go (go) on working on the farm so that I could help support my family.
②Determined to plan a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”,I am writing to ask you for some precious advice. (求助信)
我决定要策划一场以“绿色北京”为主题的俱乐部活动,因此写信向你请教一些宝贵的建议。
教考衔接 单句写作
③Leaving his office that day,I felt a sense of purpose and determination.I knew that this was just the beginning.I was inspired to keep writing and exploring my creativity. (心理描写;2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
那天离开他的办公室,我感觉到一种目标感和决心。我知道这只是个开始。我深受启发,要继续写作和探索自己的创造力。
3.give up放弃;投降
佳句背诵
Although the weather condition was poor and the wind was still fierce,they didn’t give up hope of finding him alive. (环境+心理描写)
尽管天气恶劣,风依然猛烈,但他们并没有放弃找到他的希望。
give in (to) (向……)屈服,投降
give out 分发;用光;耗尽
give away 赠送;泄露
give off 散发(光和热等)
give way to 给……让路
give sb a hand 帮某人一个忙
以练促学 单句语法填空/单句写作
①Near the final lap in the relay race,Jane felt her energy give out,but she refused to give in to fatigue (疲劳) and continued to the next teammate.
②Mark noticed Emma struggling to carry her lunch tray.He quickly went over to give her a hand,making sure she didn’t spill anything.
③With the arrival of the autumn,the summer heat gradually gives way to cool air and fresh breezes. (环境描写)
随着秋天的到来,夏日的炎热逐渐让步于凉爽的空气和清新的微风。
教考衔接 单句写作
④When I was about to give up,Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend.After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century,Gunter put his phone down and started the car. (动作链;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
在我正要放弃时,冈特掏出他小巧的手机,给一个朋友打电话。经过一场似乎持续了一个世纪的激烈讨论后,冈特放下电话,启动了汽车。
片段巩固 用honour;determination;give up完成演讲稿片段
演讲稿之写作提示:今天,我们聚集在这里向那些表现出巨大决心并从未放弃梦想的人致敬→激励我们追求自己的目标→努力克服挑战 Today,we gather here in honour of those who have shown great determination and never given up their dreams.Their stories inspire us to pursue our goals.We must struggle to overcome the challenges.Always stay determined.
4.injury n.伤害;损伤(injured adj.受伤的;有伤的 injure vt.使受伤;损害)
佳句背诵
My injury was minor,but Spencer raced into the house and got Boo-Boo Bunny from the freezer to bring me comfort.(动作描写)
我的伤势很轻,但斯宾塞跑进屋里,从冰箱里拿Boo-Boo Bunny小兔子来安慰我。
do sb an injury(=do an injury to sb) 伤害某人
the injured 受伤的人;伤员
get/be injured 受伤
以练促学 单句语法填空/单句写作
①He lost control of the car,crashed into the truck and got seriously injured (injure).
②Lily did her classmate an injury/did an injury to her classmate when she swung her backpack without looking. (动作描写)
莉莉没有看就甩了她的背包,把她的同学弄伤了。
教考衔接 单句语法填空
③Once there,Lenoue was assessed and later taken to a hospital,where she learned that she had serious injuries (injury) in one of her knees. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
④A month before my first marathon,one of my ankles was injured (injure) and this meant not running for two weeks,leaving me only two weeks to train.Yet,I was determined to go ahead. (北京卷)
5.compete vi.竞争;对抗(competitive adj.竞争的;有竞争力的 competitor n.竞争者,竞争对手;参赛者
competition n.竞争;竞赛,比赛)
佳句背诵
We can compete with students from other schools in the World Adolescent Robotics Competition.
我们可以和来自其他学校的学生在世界青少年机器人大赛中竞争。
compete with/against sb 和某人竞争
compete for sth 为……而竞争
compete in sth 在……中竞争
in competition with 与……竞争
以练促学 单句语法填空/单句写作
①Our basketball team will be in competition with the former champions next week;we’re training hard.
②I suggest we form a team to compete for the championship in the upcoming event. (建议信)
我建议我们组建一个团队,在即将到来的赛事中争夺冠军。
③Competing in the national debate competition,she felt a mix of nerves and excitement. (心理描写)
在全国辩论比赛中竞争时,她感到既紧张又兴奋。
教考衔接 单句写作
④In the pumpkin field,I compete with/against my three brothers and sister to seek out the biggest pumpkin. (动作描写;2021·浙江1月卷)
在南瓜地里,我和我的三个兄弟姐妹竞争寻找最大的南瓜。
⑤Though this was a competitive race,what really mattered was not the title of championship but the determination that participants showed during the race. (活动介绍;2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)
尽管这是一场竞争激烈的比赛,但是真正重要的不是冠军称号,而是参与者在比赛中所展示出来的决心。
6.pretend vi.& vt.假装;装扮
佳句背诵
Tom pretended to be a teacher in class,imitating the teacher’s tone and gestures as he lectured,drawing laughter from everyone. (动作描写)
汤姆在班上假装自己是一位老师,模仿着老师的语气和姿态讲课,逗得大家笑声连连。
pretend to be 假装是
pretend to do sth 假装做某事
pretend to be doing sth 假装正在做某事
pretend to have done sth 假装已经做过某事
pretend that... 假装……
以练促学 对比填空(to read/to be reading)/单句写作
①The naughty boy pretended to be reading when the headmaster came into the classroom.
②The naughty boy pretended to read every morning,but actually he did nothing.
③When I am faced with difficulties in learning,I won’t pretend to have known it,but turn to my classmates or teachers. (演讲稿)
当我在学习中遇到难题时,我会向同学或老师求助,而不是不懂装懂。
教考衔接 单句写作
④She decided that she would memorize where her classes were and then pretend that the rest of the place didn’t exist. (心理描写;2024·浙江1月卷)
她决定记住自己上课的地方,然后假装其他地方都不存在。
⑤Father,(who was) pretending to sleep,acted astonished when he saw the breakfast. (动作描写;2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
假装睡觉的父亲看到早餐时表现得很惊讶。
7.cut...out停止做(或使用、食用);剪下
佳句背诵
She carefully cut out the article from the newspaper,making sure not to tear the edges,so she could add it to her notebook. (动作描写)
她小心翼翼地从报纸上剪下那篇文章,确保不撕破边缘,这样她就可以把它加到她的笔记本里。
cut across/through 穿过(某地)(尤指抄近路)
cut in 插嘴
cut off 中断;切掉;使隔绝
cut up 切碎
cut down 砍倒;削减;删节;缩小(尺寸、数量等)
cut back 减少,削减,缩减
以练促学 单句语法填空/单句写作
①During the heated discussion in class,Tom couldn’t help but cut in with his opinion,eager to share his thoughts on the subject.
②The storm cut off the village from the outside world,leaving the residents without power and communication for several days until help arrived. (环境描写)
暴风雨使村庄与外界隔绝,居民几天没有电和通讯,直到救援到达。
教考衔接 单句语法填空
③Kim Cobb,a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta,is one of a small but growing minority of academics who are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. (2022·浙江1月卷)
④One morning I spotted a lost lamb when I was in the top field,near where a motorway cuts across/through my land. (2020·浙江7月卷)
片段巩固 用injury;compete;pretend;cut...out完成人物描写的片段
续写训练之情节线:运动会期间,学生们在各种比赛中竞争→莎拉的脚踝在接力赛中受了伤→她假装一切正常→赛后,停止其他比赛去看医生 Last week,during the school sports meeting,many students competed in various events.Sarah,always eager to show her skill,was running fast in the relay race when she suffered an injury to her ankle.Despite the pain,she pretended everything was fine,not wanting to let her team down.After the race,her friends had to convince her to cut out the rest of the events and see a doctor.
1.come along跟随,一起来;到达;进步;赶快(生义)
①There is a lecture tonight and you’re welcome to come along. 一起来
②Your French has come along a lot recently after you improved your study methods. 进步
③When the right opportunity comes along,take it. 到达
④Come along! We are already late. 赶快
2.work out锻炼(生义);计算出;解决;制定出;想出
①We must work out a good idea to have a cheap holiday. 想出
②You have to work out a plan as quickly as possible. 制定出
③The math problem is so difficult that we can’t work out the answer. 计算出
④The famous actor keeps fit by working out for an hour every morning. 锻炼
3.make it获得成功;准时到达;生存或渡过难关(生义);能够出席(生义)
①The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. 获得成功
②The flight leaves in twenty minutes—we’ll never make it. 准时到达
③I’m sorry I didn’t make it to your lecture last Sunday. 能够出席
④He didn’t make it to another summer and died that winter. 生存或渡过难关
4.fall apart破裂;破碎;崩溃(生义)
The group began to fall apart① due to poor cooperation.The model they built also started to fall apart②,with pieces breaking off here and there.Finally,Sarah felt like she was going to fall apart③ under the pressure of completing everything on time. ①破裂 ②破碎 ③崩溃
5.stress /stres/ n.压力;紧张;重音 vt.强调;重读(生义);使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安(生义)
①In her letter,she stressed the importance of regular exercise for maintaining good health. vt.强调
②When reading poetry,it is important to stress the correct syllables to convey the intended rhythm. vt.重读
③He tends to stress before big presentations,worrying about every little detail. vi.焦虑不安
④Under the stress of exams,she found it hard to concentrate and often felt overwhelmed. n.压力
⑤In the word photograph,the stress is on the first syllable. n.重音
句型公式:“Sb/Sth seems/seemed+不定式”意为“看来/好像……”
课本原句:In the final seconds of a game,Jordan always seemed to find a way to win.
在比赛的最后几秒钟,乔丹似乎总能找到制胜的方法。
佳句背诵
My cold heart seemed to melt slowly and my annoyance at him gradually gave way to guilt. (心理描写)
(1)Sb/Sth seems/seemed+不定式
=It seems/seemed that... 看来/好像……
(2)It seems+adj.+to do sth 做某事似乎……
(3)It seems as if/as though... 看起来好像……
我冰冷的心似乎慢慢融化,我对他的恼怒逐渐变成了内疚。
以练促学 单句写作/同义句转换
①It seems difficult to learn so many new words by heart in a short time. (语言学习)
在短时间内背这么多生词似乎很难。
②It seemed as if/as though she had known Millie for years. (人物描写)
她好像认识米莉已有好多年了似的。
③It seemed that his mouth was full of blood and his eyes were red with anger.
→His mouth seemed to be full of blood,his eyes red with anger.
教考衔接 单句写作
④The atmosphere was incredibly peaceful.Everyone seemed to be deeply buried in their work. (活动介绍;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
氛围非常宁静。每个人都似乎深深地沉浸在他们的工作中。
⑤In a dilemma,it seemed as if/as though Gunter spotted my inner urgency,just waving good goodbye to me,without saying anything. (动作描写;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
在进退两难之际,冈特似乎察觉到了我内心的急切,他只是向我挥手道别,什么也没说。
对应学生用书P38
维度一 单元知识运用
1.It is a great honour for me to have (have) the opportunity to speak in front of distinguished guests and fellow students at the graduation ceremony.
2.She is firmly determined to finish (finish) her project by this weekend,despite facing numerous challenges along the way.
3.Learning (learn) foreign languages is essential for global communication and opens doors to understanding different cultures.
4.During the heated final match of the tournament,the soccer player was injured (injure) seriously,casting a shadow over the team’s ultimate victory.
5.After the thorough explanation by the teacher,she seemed to grasp (grasp) the complex concepts being taught.
6.She pretended to be (be) joyous and engaged,skillfully masking her true feelings of loneliness and detachment.
7.The doctor strongly advised him to cut out staying up late to support his mental and physical health.
8.He decided not to give up his lifelong dream of becoming an artist,even though it meant years of hard work and dedication.
9.She competed with/against her classmates for the top spot,pushing herself to stand out in her studies.
10.The secret to a lasting friendship is honesty and mutual respect,which improve trust and understanding between friends.
维度二 单元知识拾遗
1.Please play badminton with me to the new gym after school,where there are the latest equipment.
请在放学后跟我一起去新开的健身房打羽毛球;那里有最新的器材。
2.He jogs every morning to stay fit and sets an example for his younger brother.
他每天早上慢跑以保持健康,并为他的弟弟树立了榜样。
3.Despite the challenges,he didn’t give up and became the top of his class through persistent efforts.
尽管面临挑战,但他并没有放弃并通过持续的努力成为了班上的佼佼者。
4.The target audience for this advertisement was mainly teenagers.
这个广告的目标观众主要是十几岁的青少年。
5.It’s probably good for you to get some criticism now and then.
偶尔受点批评或许对你还有好处。
6.She almost lost heart in her math studies,but her teacher helped her regain confidence.
她几乎对数学学习失去了信心,但老师帮助她重新获得了信心。
7.His explanation really made sense and clarified a lot of confusion around the concept.
他的解释确实有道理,澄清了关于概念的许多困惑。
8.Volunteering can really make a difference in the lives of those in need.
做志愿者确实可以对有需要的人的生活产生影响。
9.When you compare his early paintings with the later ones,you can see significant improvement.
当你将他早期的画作与后期的画作比较时,你可以看到显著的进步。
10.Even if/though it rains on the day of the sports meet,the event will take place as planned.
即使运动会当天下雨,活动也将按计划进行。
维度三 单元话题写作(短文投稿——体育与健康)
假定你是李华,在“全民健身日”到来之际,你校英语报面向全体学生开展征文比赛,要求参赛者通过写一篇关于自己运动前后变化的文章来宣传运动的重要性。请你写一篇英语短文参赛。
第一步 根据单元知识写美句
1.去年暑假,表哥邀请我打羽毛球。 (badminton)
Last summer vacation,my cousin invited me to play badminton.
2.我不想跟随,因为我有点超重,这让我没有信心。 (come along)
I didn’t want to come along as I was a bit overweight,which made me not confident.
3.由于我的身体状况不佳,即使我只锻炼一会儿,我也很容易感到疲倦。 (even if;work out)
Due to my poor physical condition,I got easily tired even if I worked out for only a while.
4.在表哥的鼓励下,我试了一下,爱上了打羽毛球。暑假结束后,我变得更苗条、健康,也更积极向上。 (slim;positive)
Encouraged by my cousin,I gave it a try and fell in love with it.After the summer vacation,I became slimmer,healthier and more positive.
5.通过打羽毛球,我的身心都变得更健康。尝试一项运动是有意义的,不是吗 (make sense;附加疑问句)
By playing badminton,I have become both physically and mentally healthier.It makes sense to give a sport a try,doesn’t it
第二步 连句成篇创佳作
【参考范文】
Last summer vacation,my cousin invited me to play badminton.At first,I didn’t want to come along as I was a bit overweight,which made me not confident.Moreover,due to my poor physical condition,I got easily tired even if I worked out for only a while.Later on,encouraged by my cousin,I gave it a try and fell in love with it.After the summer vacation,I became slimmer,healthier and more positive.By playing badminton,I have become both physically and mentally healthier.It makes sense to give a sport a try,doesn’t it
对应学生用书P40
Part Ⅰ 续写能力提升
1.语料积累
单 词 ambitious adj. 有雄心的 courageous adj. 勇敢的 determined adj. 决心的 persistent adj. 坚持不懈的 optimistic adj.乐观的 steadily adv. 稳步地 consistently adv. 一贯地 passionately adv. 热情地 optimistically adv. 乐观地 effectively adv. 有效地 patiently adv.耐心地 determination n.决心 strength n.力量 courage n.勇气 ambition n.雄心 commitment n.承诺 passion n.热情 motivation n.动机 teamwork n.团队合作 commit v.承诺 motivate v.激励 inspire v.激励
词 块 during a track and field event在一次田径比赛中;offer one’s helping hand to向……伸出了某人的援手;struggle with an injury因伤势挣扎;the ambitious nature雄心勃勃的性格; the importance of sportsmanship体育精神的重要性;with the crowd cheering观众欢呼; accept challenges接受挑战;show true courage展现真正的勇气;display teamwork展示团队合作;achieve excellence取得卓越;inspire others激励他人;face adversity面对逆境
靓 句 1.The team’s cooperation was a beautiful example of sportsmanship. 团队合作是体育精神的美好典范。 2.In the heat of the race,a helping hand becomes a symbol of unity. 比赛激烈之时,援手成为团结的象征。 3.Champions are made not just by wins,but by their acts of kindness. 冠军的成就不仅在于胜利,还在于他们的善举。 4.The spirit of sports is about lifting each other up,not just winning. 体育精神是关于相互扶持,不仅仅是赢得比赛。
2.场景片段训练(运动员精神:携手相助)
Lily is a young athlete,known for her speed.Despite ①her ambitious nature (雄心勃勃的性格),Lily never overlooked the true sportsmanship.②During a track and field event (在一次田径比赛中),she witnessed a fellow competitor,Anna,③struggle with an injury (因伤势挣扎).As others raced past,Lily stopped,④offering her helping hand to Anna (向安娜伸出了援手).Together,they crossed the finish line,⑤with the crowd cheering (众人欢呼)not for the winner,but for the display of compassion.This act of kindness is more valued than any medal.Lily’s behaviour taught everyone ⑥the importance of sportsmanship (体育精神的重要性).
Part Ⅱ 高考同源研探
(2021·全国乙卷阅读A)
The Biggest Stadiums in the World
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.In around 80 A.D.,the Romans built the Colosseum,which remains the world’s best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design.Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances,seating 50,000 people.However,that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus,which accommodated around 250,000 people.
These days,safety regulations—not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities (容量) slightly lower.Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
For the biggest stadiums in the world,we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far,which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity,as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functional,still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
·Rungrado 1st of May Stadium,Pyongyang,D.P.R.Korea.Capacity: 150,000.Opened:May 1,1989.
·Michigan Stadium,Ann Arbor,Michigan,U.S.Capacity: 107,601.Opened:October 1,1927.
·Beaver Stadium,State College,Pennsylvania,U.S.Capacity:106,572.Opened:September 17,1960.
·Ohio Stadium,Columbus,Ohio,U.S.Capacity:104,944.Opened:October 7,1922.
·Kyle Field,College Station,Texas,U.S.Capacity:102,512.Opened:September 24,1927.
真题再做
【语篇解读】 本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了当今世界上最大的几座体育场。
21.How many people could the Circus Maximus hold
A.104,944. B.107,601.
C.About 150,000. D.About 250,000.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,Circus Maximus能容纳大约25万人,故选D项。]
22.Of the following stadiums,which is the oldest
A.Michigan Stadium.
B.Beaver Stadium.
C.Ohio Stadium.
D.Kyle Field.
答案 C [细节理解题。文章对各体育场开放时间的介绍分别为Michigan Stadium-1927年,Beaver Stadium-1960年,Ohio Stadium-1922年,Kyle Field-1927年。由此可知,最古老的体育场是Ohio Stadium,故选C项。]
23.What do the listed stadiums have in common
A.They host big games.
B.They have become tourist attractions.
C.They were built by Americans.
D.They are favored by architects.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知,这些体育场仍然开放,仍然举办世界上最大的体育赛事,故选A项。]
思维建模
概括类细节理解题——概括和归纳
为了增加细节理解题的难度,命题人有时候会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题,即一道试题中涉及一段或者几段的某些内容,需要学生进行概括和归纳后才能得出答案。此类试题虽然各个细节信息都能在文章中找到,但学生需要具备一定的概括和归纳能力才能正确作答。
以例示法(如22题)
第一步 找关键词:通读题干要求的段落,题干中的关键词为the oldest。
第二步 寻信息句:定位至描述各体育馆的开放年限。
第三步 比对答案:四个选项中C项符合题意。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:stadium n.体育场;contemporary adj.当代的; Para.2:capacity n.容量;soccer n.足球; Para.3:permanent adj.永久的;Para.4:event n.赛事 Para.1:pour into stadiums涌进体育场;seat 50,000 people容纳五万人;small fry (被认为)不重要的人或事;Para.2:safety regulations安全条例或规则; a comfortable seat一个舒适的座位;tend to倾向于
析 长 难 语 句 Para.2:These days,safety regulations—not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities slightly lower. [句式分析] 这是一个简单句。句子主干为“safety regulations tend to keep stadium capacities slightly lower”。其中“not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat”是插入语。 [尝试翻译] 如今,考虑到安全规定,更不用说现代体育迷对于良好的视野和舒适的座位的渴望,体育场的容量趋向于略微降低。 [语言赏析] 使用破折号引出插入语“not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat”,补充说明除了安全条例外,现代体育迷对良好视野和舒适座位的需求也是影响体育场容量的重要因素。这种结构增强了句子的逻辑性和信息量,使读者更全面地理解影响体育场容量的多重因素。
课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·重庆八中高三模拟)
Baseball was everything to Walker Smallwood.But when he was just 14 years old,he got heartbreaking news that he had a rare form of bone cancer growing in his left leg.His baseball playing came to a sudden stop as he spent the next three years undergoing six surgeries,24 treatments and 18 hospital stays.
The young pitcher’s leg would never be strong enough to make competitive playing an option.“At the time I guess I was just kind of in denial (否认),because my whole life,day in and day out,was built around baseball and sports,” Walker said.“It was pretty disastrous,” his mom,Pam said.The most the 17-year-old would be able to do is play catch with his teammates as they warmed up for their games.
As the team approached the final game of the season,Walker’s parents and coach agreed that he could pitch (投球) for an inning (一局) or two for the old time’s sake.
“Say you did it,have some fun,and then that’ll be it.Obviously,that’s not what happened,” Walker said.
What ended up happening was more than anyone ever expected.Walker not only threw solid pitches in that first inning,but he also ended up pitching a no-hitter.The coach decided to keep him in the game until he started giving up pitches,but that never happened.Smallwood struck out all but two hitters for the entire game and tied a school record in the process.
“I was in tears,most of the stands were in tears—just one of those special moments that we’ll cherish forever,” mom Pam said.Smallwood may never play again.He’s actually fine with that now because who needs a World Series ring when you’ve already taken on your greatest competitor and gone undefeated.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了17岁男孩 Walker Smallwood 因患一种罕见的癌症不得不放弃棒球运动。他重返球场参加最后一场比赛,投出了一个无安打的球,震惊所有人。
1.What does the word “It” underlined in paragraph 2 refer to
A.The serious injury to his leg.
B.The childhood baseball dream.
C.The risk of multiple surgeries.
D.The long-term mental stress.
答案 A [代词指代题。首先,依据代词一般出现在原词之后可知,画线词应该在第二段的第一句“The young pitcher’s leg would never be strong enough to make competitive playing an option.”;Walker一直梦想成为职业棒球手,但因癌症造成腿部伤害,他无力支持高强度运动,妈妈因此想表达这简直是灾难性的,所以 it 在这里就是指代前面的癌症使得他的腿受伤无力这件事,故选A项。]
2.Which of the following best describes Walker Smallwood
A.Confident and energetic.
B.Ambitious and determined.
C.Brilliant and considerate.
D.Optimistic and independent.
答案 B [推理判断题。根据第四段“Say you did it...that’s not what happened”和第五段中“Walker not only threw...but that never happened.”可知,Walker在得知有机会参加最后一场比赛后,就决心不只是去玩玩,而是认真打比赛。结果他投出了一个无安打的球,超出所有人的预期。从这里可以看出这位年轻投手有追求,有决心,也很努力,棒球是他一生的追求,说明他很有雄心壮志,故选B项。]
3.Why does the author mention a World Series ring in the last paragraph
A.To emphasize the value of cherishing every moment.
B.To stress the significance of any championship prize.
C.To highlight Walker’s personal success at the game.
D.To serves as a reminder of challenges in Walker’s life.
答案 C [写作意图题。从文章最后一段“Smallwood may never play again...your greatest competitor and gone undefeated.”可知,作者是为了强调 Smallwood 当天在棒球场上的成就超过了任何冠军奖的意义。一枚世界大赛戒指是棒球终极成就的象征,但Smallwood克服癌症带来的伤痛,投出一个无安打的球,所向无敌,其他荣誉何足挂齿。故选C项。]
4.What can we learn from Walker’s story
A.Misfortune can tell us what fortune is.
B.You can’t teach an old dog new tricks.
C.Constant dropping wears away a stone.
D.What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger.
答案 D [推理判断题。根据全文内容,结合第一段中“His baseball playing...and 18 hospital stays.”和倒数第二段中“Smallwood struck...a school record in the process.”可知,本文介绍了17岁男孩 Walker Smallwood 因患一种罕见的癌症不得不放弃棒球运动。他重返球场参加最后一场比赛,投出了一个无安打的球,震惊所有人,反映出了“打不倒你的会使你更强大”,故选D项。]
(2025·定州高三模拟)
When it comes to lowering blood pressure,studies have typically shown that aerobic (有氧的) exercises are best.Recent research suggests another type of physical activity is worth including as an effective tool to prevent and treat high blood pressure.
Exercises that engage muscles without movement,such as wall squats and planks,may be best for lowering blood pressure,according to a large study published in July,2023 in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.
This type of training is known as isometric exercise,according to the Mayo Clinic.Isometric muscle action happens when muscles contract but do not visibly change length,and the joints involved don’t move,facilitating stability of the body.Isometric exercises can be done with weights or without,just relying on the body’s own weight.
“These findings provide a comprehensive data-driven framework to support the development of new exercise guideline recommendations for the prevention and treatment of high blood pressure,” said study coauthor Dr.Jamie O’Driscoll in a news release.
The researchers looked into randomized controlled trials that had reported the effects of exercise interventions,lasting two or more weeks,on blood pressure between 1990 and February 2023.From a review of 270 trials with 15,827 participants,the researchers found that among HIIT (high intensity interval training),isometric exercise,aerobic exercise,dynamic resistance training and a combination of the latter two,isometric exercise led to the greatest reductions in blood pressure.
It’s also important to note that there are other lifestyle changes as well as exercise that can benefit your blood pressure.These include keeping to a healthy weight,eating a balanced diet,cutting down on salt,not drinking too much alcohol and ensuring that you continue to take any prescribed medication.
More research is needed to determine exactly why isometric exercises might be better for lowering blood pressure than other types of training,the authors said.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究表明等长运动可能最适合降低血压。
5.What does the underlined part “isometric exercise” in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Exercise that is done with extra weights.
B.Exercise that involves visible muscle contraction.
C.Exercise that focuses on stability of the body.
D.Exercise that engages muscles without movement.
答案 D [词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Exercises that engage muscles...in July,2023 in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.”可知,不用移动的肌肉锻炼可能是降血压的最佳方式,结合画线短语“This type of training”可知,这种类型的训练指的是上文中提到的“不用移动的肌肉锻炼”,由此可知,画线短语应与“不用移动的肌肉锻炼”意义相近,故选D项。]
6.How did the researchers carry out the study
A.By providing statistics.
B.By interviewing experts.
C.By doing experiments.
D.By making comparisons.
答案 D [推理判断题。根据第五段中的“From a review of 270 trials...the greatest reductions in blood pressure.”可知,此项研究是对以前的研究数据进行分析,通过比较得出的研究结论——等长运动能最大程度地降低血压,由此可知,该项实验是通过对比进行的,故选D项。]
7.What does the author suggest the future studies about isometric exercise focus on
A.Exploring the reasons for its effectiveness.
B.Demonstrating its influences on mental health.
C.Assessing its suitability for different populations.
D.Determining its long-term impacts on blood pressure.
答案 A [推理判断题。根据尾段中的“More research...other types of training,the authors said.”可知,接下来需要更多的研究确定为什么等长运动比其他运动更能降低血压,由此可知,作者建议未来关于等长运动的研究重点是探究其有效性的原因,故选A项。]
8.What is the text mainly about
A.The benefits of aerobic exercises.
B.The best exercise for blood pressure.
C.The effects of various types of exercises.
D.The importance of keeping a healthy lifestyle.
答案 B [文章大意题。依据“主题句定位法”可知,首段中的“Recent research suggests another type of physical activity is worth including as an effective tool to prevent and treat high blood pressure.”是文章的主题句。结合下文内容可知,本文介绍该项研究的研究过程。由此可知,本文主要讲述的是一项对降血压最好的运动,故选B项。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·宜昌高三模拟)
A few days before my high school ended,I was sitting in my English class.My classmates were talking about who would be the first person to shed tears at 1 .Then,everyone looked at me,and I began to 2 right then and there.I am not an emotional person,but the 3 of leaving this place hit me hard.I never knew how much this building and the people in it 4 to me,until my last days.
High school isn’t for everyone,but there is something for everyone in high school.You just have to 5 out what your “thing” is.I 6 found my “thing” in high school and that was Student Government.For once I had a(n) 7 .I served as the representative of my class,and it gave me a 8 to convey not only my own,but my classmates’ 9 to teachers and our school.
But there were a lot of times when I felt 10 .I sat in the classroom looking at the clock, 11 for the end of school day.I 12 the days until summer like it was my job.But now I 13 I could take back all of those moments.
My biggest 14 to anyone still in high school is to make your school a place where you want to go.High school goes by very quickly.You only get one chance to be a high schooler,so take 15 of it.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在高中毕业前的经历和感悟,表达了对离别的不舍与对高中生活的珍惜,希望高中生利用好高中的时间,实现自己的目标。
1.A.school B.graduation
C.break D.random
答案 B [句意:同学们在讨论谁会是第一个在毕业典礼上流泪的人。school学校;graduation 毕业;毕业典礼;break 休息;random 随机。根据上文的“A few days before my high school ended,I was sitting in my English class.”可知,“我”的高中生活即将结束,因此学校要举行毕业仪式,故选B项。]
2.A.cry B.lie
C.sing D.sigh
答案 A [句意:然后,每个人都看着我,我就在那里哭了起来。cry 哭泣;lie 说谎;sing 唱歌;sigh 叹息。根据上文的“My classmates were talking about who would be the first person to shed tears at...”可知,“我”就在这时哭了起来,故选A项。]
3.A.proposal B.option
C.possibility D.thought
答案 D [句意:我不是一个情绪化的人,但是一想到要离开这个地方,我就很难受。proposal 提议;option 选项;possibility 可能性;thought 想法。根据本句中的“leaving this place hit me hard”可知,要毕业了使“我”很难受,说明“我”想到了毕业的场景,故选D项。]
4.A.meant B.replied
C.reacted D.faded
答案 A [句意:直到最后的日子,我才知道这栋楼和里面的人对我有多么重要。mean意味着;reply回答;react反应;fade褪色。根据上文的“leaving this place hit me hard”可知,学校对“我”来说意味着很多,故选A项。]
5.A.bring B.figure
C.cross D.carry
答案 B [句意:你只需要弄清楚你的“目标”是什么。bring 带来;figure 计算;cross 穿过;carry 承载。根据上文的“there is something for everyone in high school”可知,因此你要弄清楚在高中阶段想得到什么,figure out弄清楚,故选B项。]
6.A.anxiously B.bravely
C.luckily D.initially
答案 C [句意:我很幸运地在高中找到了我的“目标”,那就是学生会。anxiously 焦虑地;bravely 勇敢地;luckily 幸运地;initially 最初地(课标生僻词)。根据本句中的“I...found my ‘thing’ in high school and that was Student Government.”可知,“我”找到了在高中阶段想要的东西,因此“我”是幸运的,故选C项。]
7.A.organization B.impression
C.voice D.discovery
答案 C [句意:这一次我终于有了发言权。organization 组织;impression 印象;voice 声音,发言权(多义词);discovery 发现。根据下文的“I served as the representative of my class”可知,“我”作为班级的代表可以向学校提建议,因此“我”有发言权,故选C项。]
8.A.benefit B.chance
C.challenge D.purpose
答案 B [句意:我担任了班级代表,这给了我一个机会向老师和学校传达我自己和同学们的想法。benefit 好处;chance 机会;challenge 挑战;purpose目的。根据本句中的“I served as the representative of my class”可知,“我”作为班级的代表,“我”便有了机会向学校提建议,故选B项。]
9.A.objectives B.principles
C.concerns D.updates
答案 C [句意同上。objective 目标;principle 原则;concern 关心的问题,关注;update 更新。“I served as the representative of my class,and it gave me a...to convey not only my own”可知,“我”作为班级的代表,“我”便有了机会向学校提建议,把自己和同学们关心的问题反映给学校,故选C项。]
10.A.disturbed B.sheltered
C.alarmed D.inspired
答案 A [句意:但有很多时候,我感到不安。disturbed 不安的;sheltered 受庇护的;alarmed 惊恐的;inspired 得自灵感的。根据本句的but表示转折,和下文的“I sat in the classroom looking at the clock...for the end of school day.”可知,“我”有时会盼望在学校的一天快点过去,因此“我”会感到不安,故选A项。]
11.A.applauding B.searching
C.fighting D.longing
答案 D [句意:我坐在教室里看着时钟,渴望着一天的学习结束。applaud 鼓掌;search 搜索;fight 打斗;long渴望。根据上文的“But there were a lot of times when I felt...”及本句中的“I sat in the classroom looking at the clock,...for the end of school day.”可知,“我”有时会盼望在学校的一天快点过去,故选D项。]
12.A.counted down B.went through
C.set aside D.put off
答案 A [句意:我数着日子等着夏天的到来,仿佛那是我的工作。count down 倒计时,倒着数;go through 经历;set aside 留出;put off 推迟。根据上文的“I sat in the classroom looking at the clock,...for the end of school day.”可知,“我”有时会盼望在学校的一天快点过去,因此会开始数日子,等待暑假的来临,故选A项。]
13.A.promise B.assume
C.pray D.realize
答案 C [句意:但现在我祈祷我可以收回所有的那些时刻。promise承诺;assume假设;pray祈祷;realize实现。根据上文的“I...the days until summer like it was my job.”及本句中的but可知,“我”希望过去数日子的事情没发生,那该有多好,因此祈祷能追回那些日子,故选C项。]
14.A.support B.advice
C.rule D.warning
答案 B [句意:我对还在上高中的人最大的建议是,让你的学校成为你想去的地方。support 支持;advice 建议;rule 规则;warning警告。根据本句中的“make your school a place where you want to go”可知,“我”通过自身的经历给高中生提建议:让你的学校成为你想去的地方,故选B项。]
15.A.account B.notice
C.control D.advantage
答案 D [句意:你只有一次成为高中生的机会,所以要好好利用它。account 账户;notice 注意;control 控制;advantage 优势。根据本句中的“You only get one chance to be a high schooler”可知,机会只有一次,因此“我”建议高中生利用好这段时间,故选D项。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·六安一中高三模拟)
The changes in the sounds of oceans affect many marine (海洋的) animals,1. very small fishes to huge whales.Fishes and other marine animals use the sounds they catch underwater 2. (communicate) with each other,and the sounds also help some animals find food and avoid dangerous 3. (hunt).However,the increasing noise from shipping traffic and underwater oil and gas exploration is making it 4. hard thing for these animals to hear each other.
The Red Sea,one of the world’s most important waterways,5. (pack) with large ships traveling to Asia,Europe,and Africa.Some fishes and other animals now avoid the noisiest areas.In addition,the overall number of marine animals 6. (go) down significantly since 1970.
Experts examine articles 7. (document) changes in the volume and frequency of noise in the world’s oceans.Then they put together a picture of when the ocean changes began,how the oceans are changing 8. how marine life is affected.They state that influence is extremely 9. (notice) when“a noise is at the same frequency and volume as 10. (biological) important sounds,such as calls signaling danger.”
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了人类活动给海洋环境带来了越来越多的噪声,这影响了一些海洋动物的生存。
1.from [考查介词。从非常小的鱼到巨大的鲸鱼,许多海洋动物都受到海洋的声音变化的影响。此处为from...to...“从……到……”固定搭配,故填from。]
2.to communicate [考查非谓语动词。鱼类和其他海洋动物利用它们在水下捕捉到的声音相互交流,这些声音也有助于一些海洋动物寻找食物并避开危险的狩猎者。use sth to do sth“利用某物做某事”,故填to communicate。]
3.hunters [考查词性转换和名词的数。根据空前的“avoid dangerous”可知,空处应用名词作宾语;hunter“狩猎者,猎人”为可数名词,结合语境可知,此处应用其复数形式,故填hunters。]
4.a [考查冠词。然而,不断增加的由航运交通和水下石油和天然气勘探产生的噪声让这些动物很难听到彼此的声音。此处泛指一件困难的事,应用不定冠词,故填a。]
5.is packed [考查时态语态和主谓一致。红海是世界上最重要的航道之一,挤满了前往亚洲、欧洲和非洲的大型船只。The Red Sea为单数概念,与pack“挤进,涌进,塞满,挤满”之间是被动关系,且文章主体时态是一般现在时,故填is packed。]
6.has gone [考查时态和主谓一致。句中的“since 1970”为现在完成时的标志词,主语为“the overall number of marine animals”,中心词是number,因此谓语动词用单数形式,故填has gone。]
7.documenting [考查非谓语动词。专家们研究了记录世界海洋噪声响度和频率变化的文章。空处在句中作非谓语,document“记录,记载”与articles之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用动词-ing形式,故填documenting。]
8.and [考查并列连词。然后,他们拼凑出一幅图画,该图画描绘了海洋变化何时开始,海洋如何变化,以及海洋生物如何受到影响。“when the ocean changes began”,“how the oceans are changing”和“how marine life is affected”是并列成分,故填and。]
9.noticeable [考查词性转换。他们指出,当“一种噪声与生物学上重要的声音,例如预示危险的动物叫声,处于相同的频率和响度”时,影响非常明显。空处应用形容词作表语,故填noticeable。]
10.biologically [考查词性转换。空处修饰形容词important,应用副词形式,故填biologically。]
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.1:surgery n.手术;treatment n.治疗;Para.2:competitive adj.竞争的; Para.3:approach v.接近;Para.5:solid adj.可靠的;Para.6:cherish v.珍惜;competitor n.竞争者
B Para.2:movement n.运动;Para.3:length n.长度;joint n.关节;Para.4:framework n.框架; guideline n.指南;Para.5:controlled adj.控制的;intervention n.干预;Para.6:lifestyle n.生活方式
熟词生义 A Para.6:stand 熟义:v.站立;生义:n.看台
B Para.6:note 熟义:n.笔记;生义:v.注意
词 块 积 累 A Para.2:day in and day out日复一日;warm up热身;Para.5:more than超过;end up doing最终做某事; Para.6:in tears流泪
B Para.1:when it comes to说到,当提到;Para.2:according to根据;Para.3:rely on依靠; Para.5:look into调查;Para.6:cut down on减少
长 难 句 式 A Para.6:He’s actually fine with that now because who needs a World Series ring when you’ve already taken on your greatest competitor and gone undefeated. [分析] 这是一个复合句。主句He’s actually fine with that now是一个“主系表”结构,because引导原因状语从句,其中嵌套了一个when引导的让步状语从句。 [译文] 现在他对此感到满意,既然你已经面对了最大的竞争对手并且保持不败,谁还需要世界系列赛的冠军戒指呢
B Para.5:The researchers looked into randomized controlled trials that had reported the effects of exercise interventions,lasting two or more weeks,on blood pressure between 1990 and February 2023. [分析] 这是一个复合句。主句为主谓宾结构“The researchers looked into randomized controlled trials”;关系代词that引导定语从句,修饰trails;lasting two or more weeks作后置定语,修饰exercise interventions。 [译文] 研究人员调查了从1990年到2023年2月间报告了持续两周或更长时间的锻炼干预对血压影响的随机对照试验。(共173张PPT)
UNIT 3 SPORTS AND FITNESS
必修第一册
单元词句识记
内
容
索
引
单元默写检测
核心知识突破
关键能力考查
读写素养培优
课时作业
单 元 词 句 识 记
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.soccer n. 足球;足球运动
2.stadium n.(pl.stadiums or stadia) 体育场;运动场
3.boxing n. 拳击(运动)
4.badminton n. 羽毛球运动
5.marathon n. 马拉松赛跑
6.ski adj. 滑雪的
vi. 滑雪
7.track n. 跑道;足迹;铁路轨道
vt.& vi. 追踪;跟踪
8.gym n. 健身房;体育馆
9.gymnastics n. 体操(训练)
10.legend n. 传奇故事(或人物);传说
11.push-up n.(especially NAmE) 俯卧撑
12.jog vi. 慢跑
n. 慢跑
13.error n. 错误;差错
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.a sports event 体育比赛项目
2.a cold sweat 冷汗
3.a chess master 一位国际象棋大师
4.a gold medal 金牌
5.miles apart 相距数英里
6.captain of the football team 足球队队长
7.pretend to be sick 假装生病
8.a population of two million 二百万人口
9.cheat in an exam 在考试中作弊
10.the live audience 现场观众
11.a positive attitude 积极的态度
12.a slim figure 苗条的身材
13.a balanced diet 均衡的饮食
14.rather cold 相当冷
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.fitness n. 健康;健壮;适合
fit adj. 健康的;合适的 v.适合
2.host vt. 主办;主持 n.主人;东道主;节目主持人
hostess n. 女主人;女主持人
3.athlete n. 运动员;运动健儿
athletic adj. 运动型的;健壮的;体育运动的;田径运动的
4.honour n. 荣誉;尊敬;荣幸
honourable adj. 可敬的;值得敬仰的;体面的;高尚的
5.glory n. 荣誉;光荣;赞美
glorious adj. 光荣的;壮丽的
6.championship n. 锦标赛;冠军赛;冠军称号
champion n. 冠军;优胜者
7.determination n. 决心;决定
determine vt. 决定;下决心
determined adj. 坚决的;有决心的
8.injure vt. 使受伤;损害
injured adj. 受伤的;有伤的
injury n. 伤害;损伤
9.graceful adj. 优美的;优雅的
gracefully adv. 优雅地;温文地
grace n. 优雅;高雅;风度
10.strength n. 力量;体力
strengthen vt.& vi. 加强;巩固
strong adj. 强壮的;坚强的
11.failure n. 失败;失败的人(或事物)
fail vt.& vi. 失败;不及格;未能(做到)
12.compete vi. 竞争;对抗
competition n. 竞争
competitive adj.竞争的;有竞争力的
competitor n. 竞争者
13.stress n. 压力;紧张;重音 vt.强调;重读;使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安
stressful adj. 压力重的;紧张的
stressed adj. 焦虑不安的
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.set an example 树立榜样
2.give up 放弃;投降
3.lose heart 丧失信心;泄气
4.make sense 有道理;合乎情理;表述清楚
5.work out 锻炼;计算出;解决
6.compare...with/to... 与……比较
7.cut...out 停止做(或使用、食用);剪下
8.make a difference 有作用或影响
9.pretend to do sth 假装做某事
e along 跟随;到达;进步;赶快;出现
11.fall apart 破裂;破碎;崩溃
12.make it 获得成功;准时到达
13.rather than 而不是
14.now and then 有时;偶尔
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.Losing two important players was a big challenge,but Lang Ping did not lose heart.(动名词短语作主语)
损失两大主力队员是个巨大的挑战,但是郎平没有气馁。
2.In the final seconds of a game,Jordan always seemed to find a way to win.(sb/sth+seems/seemed+不定式)
在比赛的最后几秒钟,乔丹似乎总能找到制胜的方法。
3.Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failures.(the secret to...is...)
乔丹说,他的成功秘诀在于吸取失败的教训。
4.A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.(even if引导让步状语从句)
足球运动员不应该假装摔倒,即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。
5.As a player,Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country.As a coach,she led the China women’s volleyball team to medals at world championships and the Olympics.As a person,Lang Ping is loved by fans at home and abroad.(排比的修辞手法)
作为一名运动员,郎平为她的祖国赢得了诸多荣誉。作为一名教练,她带领中国女子排球队在世界锦标赛和奥运会赛场上屡获殊荣。作为个人,郎平深受国内外球迷的喜爱。
构词法日积月累
-ful与-less是一对意思相反的形容词后缀,-ful表示“充满……的,有……性质(或倾向)的”,-less表示“没有,无”。
graceful优美的;优雅的 graceless粗鲁的;不优美的 useful有用的
useless无用的 painful令人痛苦的 painless无痛的
powerful强有力的;有影响力的 powerless无影响力的;无权的 hopeful满怀希望的
hopeless无望的 meaningful重要的;有意义的
meaningless不重要的;无意义的
单 元 默 写 检 测
Step One 写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.a soccer stadium ____________
2.a boxing match 一场____________比赛
3.a marathon race 一场____________赛跑
4.a running track 赛跑____________
5.a school gym 学校____________
足球体育场
拳击
马拉松
跑道
体育馆
6.the gymnastics competition ____________比赛
7.an ancient legend 古老的____________
8.a morning jog 早晨____________
9.an error in judgement 判断____________
体操
传说
慢跑
错误
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.____________ n.比赛项目；大事；公开活动
2.____________ vt.使出汗；出汗弄湿 vi.出汗；流汗 n.汗水；出汗
3.____________ n.高手；主人 vt.精通；掌握
4.____________ n.奖章；勋章
5.____________ n.(运动队)队长；船长；机长
6.____________ vi.& vt.假装；装扮
7.____________ num.一百万
event
sweat
master
medal
captain
pretend
million
8.____________ vi.作弊；舞弊 vt.欺骗；蒙骗 n.欺骗手段；骗子
9.____________ n.观众；听众
10.____________ adj.积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的
11.____________ adj.苗条的；单薄的
12.____________ n.规定饮食；日常饮食 vi.节食
13.____________ adv.相当；有点儿
cheat
audience
positive
slim
diet
rather
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.____________ adj.健康的；合适的 v.适合→____________ n.健康；健壮；适合
2.____________ vt.主办；主持 n.主人；东道主；节目主持人→____________ n.女主人；女主持人
3.____________ n.运动员；运动健儿→___________ adj.运动型的；健壮的；体育运动的；田径运动的
fit
fitness
host
hostess
athlete
athletic
4.____________ n.荣誉；尊敬；荣幸→______________ adj.可敬的；值得敬仰的；体面的；高尚的
5._____________ n.荣誉；光荣；赞美→__________ adj.光荣的；壮丽的
6.____________ n.冠军；优胜者→________________ n.锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号
7.____________ vt.决定；下决心→________________ n.决心；决定→____________ adj.坚决的；有决心的
honour
honourable
glory
glorious
champion
championship
determine
determination
determined
8.____________ vt.使受伤；损害→____________ adj.受伤的；有伤的→__________ n.伤害；损伤
9.____________ n.优雅；高雅；风度→__________ adj.优美的；优雅的→____________ adv.优雅地；温文地
10.____________ adj.强壮的；坚强的→___________ n.力量；体力→______________ vt.& vi.加强；巩固
11.____________ vt.& vi.失败；不及格；未能(做到)→____________ n.失败；失败的人(或事物)
injure
injured
injury
grace
graceful
gracefully
strong
strength
strengthen
fail
failure
12.__________ vi.竞争；对抗→____________ n.竞争→____________ adj.竞争的；有竞争力的→____________ n.竞争者
13.____________ n.压力；紧张；重音 vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安→____________ adj.压力重的；紧张的→____________ adj.焦虑不安的
compete
competition
competitive
competitor
stress
stressful
stressed
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.___________________与……比较
2.________________停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下
3.__________________有作用或影响
4._________________假装做某事
5.________________跟随；到达；进步；赶快；出现
6.________________破裂；破碎；崩溃
7.________________获得成功；准时到达
compare...with/to...
cut...out
make a difference
pretend to do sth
come along
fall apart
make it
8.set an example ________________
9.give up ________________
10.lose heart ________________
树立榜样
放弃;投降
丧失信心;泄气
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式：sb/sth＋seems/seemed＋不定式
____________________________________________ just in time for our field trip.(环境描写)
天气似乎正好在我们郊游前放晴了。
2.句型公式：the secret to...is...
______________________________ to be kind and genuine.(建议信)
交朋友的秘诀是要友好和真诚。
The weather seems to be clearing up
The secret to making friends is
3.句型公式：even if/though引导让步状语从句
________________________________________________，it’s worth trying to apologize.(建议信)
即使你认为太晚了，尝试道歉也是值得的。
Even if/though you think it’s too late
Step Two 练一练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.When the famous actor appeared on the stage，the ______________ (观众) stood up and started cheering.
2.Those who are caught ____________ (作弊) in the National College Entrance Examination will be punished severely.
3.In order to be more charming and ____________ (苗条的)，girls tend to go on a diet.
audience
cheating
slimmer
4.Overwhelmed with nervousness，he stood up，____________ (汗水) in hand.
5.Compared with those who are always complaining，people with a p______________ attitude towards life live longer.
6.I’ll never forget the day when I won my first gold m____________ in the exciting game.
sweat
ositive
edal
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Violence is a sign of weakness or fear，not a sign of ____________ (strong) or confidence.
2.After years of hard work and with great _____________(determine)，she was finally promoted to CEO.
3.The library is functioning as a temporary hospital to cope with people ____________ (injure) in the earthquake.
strength
determination
injured
4.Race walking shares many ____________ (fit) benefits with running，research shows，while most likely contributing to fewer injuries.
5.It is also a virtue to forgive and forget，especially in such a competitive and ____________ (stress) society.
6.All the excited ____________ are ____________ for the honour of winning the gold medal in the ____________.(compete)
fitness
stressful
competitors
competing
competition
7.Though the art show failed to attract as many visitors as we had expected，it was far from being a ____________ (fail).On the contrary，it was a great success.
8.It is his hope that his sons can become strong and ____________ (athlete) like himself.
failure
athletic
Ⅲ.短语填空
come along；give up；pretend to；cut out
1.When the right opportunity ________________，try your best to grab it.
2.He ________________ be reading an important document when the boss came in.
3.The doctor told me to ________________ meat for my obesity.
4.In the beginning，learning English seemed so difficult that I wanted to ________________ even without trying.
comes along
pretended to
cut out
give up
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Competitive Sports and Mass Sports
In modern times，there seem to be hundreds of sports for us，such as soccer,boxing，badminton，marathon，skiing，gymnastics and track and field.Whatever you like,you will find one 1.__________ (suit) for you.In addition，we can choose to work out in stadiums，
suitable
gyms，or at home.Nowadays，sports can be 2.____________ (rough) divided into two categories—competitive sports and mass sports.The former means that athletes must compete 3._____________ each other for medals in championships or events in Olympics to win honour and glory for their country，4.____________ needs not only skills and strength but also great determination.However，success often comes along with error，stress，failure and 5.__________________ (injury).
roughly
against/with
which
injuries
Sometimes even a master may fall apart，but he never loses heart.
Finally he makes it and becomes a champion and legend，6.____________ (set) an example to others.7.____________ (compare) with competitive sports，mass sports focus on fitness rather than 8.____________ (compete).Millions of people go jogging or do push－ups to keep healthy or become slimmer instead of going on a diet by cutting out fat.However，with no audience 9.____________ (shout)
setting
Compared
competition
to shout
encouragement，they may give up.They cheat themselves into taking exercise the next day or pretend to have done it otherwise，which doesn’t make sense.However，even if you take exercise now and then，it will make 10.____________ difference and have positive effects，won’t it？So why not move in and join in the mass sports
a
核 心 知 识 突 破
No.1 热考词汇
No.3写作迁移
No.2 一词多义/熟词生义
1.honour n.荣誉；尊敬；荣幸 v.尊敬；给予表扬；信守(承诺)
(honourable adj.可敬的；值得敬仰的；体面的；高尚的)
佳句背诵
With the Dragon Boat Festival approaching，we are planning to hold a dragon boat race in honour of the famous poet，Qu Yuan.
(节日介绍)
随着端午节的临近，我们计划举行一场龙舟比赛，以纪念著名诗人屈原。
It’s an honour for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事很荣幸
feel it an honour to do sth 做某事感到荣幸
in honour of... 向……表示敬意；为纪念……
be/feel honoured to do sth 做某事感到荣幸
以练促学 一句多译
①我非常荣幸地发表演讲，与大家分享我对京剧的看法。
→________________________________________________________
to share with you my opinions on Peking Opera.
→________________________________________________________
to share with you my opinions on Peking Opera.
→________________________________________________________
to share with you my opinions on Peking Opera.
It is a great honour for me to deliver a speech
I feel it a great honour to deliver a speech
I feel/am greatly honoured to deliver a speech
教考衔接 单句写作
②_____________________________ to present my speech on creating a low carbon campus starting from ourselves.(演讲稿；2024·天津卷)
很荣幸能在这里发表我的演讲，主题是从我们自身做起，共同打造低碳校园。
③________________________________________ give an interview on the English program.(邀请信；2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
我很荣幸邀请您参加英语节目的采访。
It’s my honour to be here
I feel greatly honoured to invite you to
2.determination n.决心；决定(determine vt.决定；下决心 determined adj.坚决的；有决心的)
佳句背诵
As a special education teacher at the school，I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.
(心理描写；2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
作为学校的一名特教教师，我熟悉大卫面临的挑战，并为他的坚定决心感到自豪。
determine to do... 决定做……(表示动作)
determine on sth 决定某事
be determined to do... 决心做……(表示状态)
以练促学 单句语法填空/单句写作
①It was at that time that I determined ____________ (go) on working on the farm so that I could help support my family.
②____________________________________________ with the theme of “Green Beijing”，I am writing to ask you for some precious advice.
(求助信)我决定要策划一场以“绿色北京”为主题的俱乐部活动，因此写信向你请教一些宝贵的建议。
to go
Determined to plan a club activity
教考衔接 单句写作
③Leaving his office that day，________________________________
_______________.I knew that this was just the beginning.I was inspired to keep writing and exploring my creativity.
(心理描写；2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
那天离开他的办公室，我感觉到一种目标感和决心。我知道这只是个开始。我深受启发，要继续写作和探索自己的创造力。
I felt a sense of purpose and
determination
3.give up放弃；投降
佳句背诵
Although the weather condition was poor and the wind was still fierce，they didn’t give up hope of finding him alive.
(环境＋心理描写)
尽管天气恶劣，风依然猛烈，但他们并没有放弃找到他的希望。
give in (to) (向……)屈服，投降
give out 分发；用光；耗尽
give away 赠送；泄露
give off 散发(光和热等)
give way to 给……让路
give sb a hand 帮某人一个忙
以练促学 单句语法填空/单句写作
①Near the final lap in the relay race，Jane felt her energy give ____________，but she refused to give ____________ to fatigue (疲劳) and continued to the next teammate.
②Mark noticed Emma struggling to carry her lunch tray.He quickly went over to give her ____________ hand，making sure she didn’t spill anything.
out
in
a
③With the arrival of the autumn，the summer heat gradually ___________________________ and fresh breezes.(环境描写)
随着秋天的到来，夏日的炎热逐渐让步于凉爽的空气和清新的微风。
gives way to cool air
教考衔接 单句写作
④________________________________，Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend.After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century，Gunter put his phone down and started the car.(动作链；2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
在我正要放弃时，冈特掏出他小巧的手机，给一个朋友打电话。经过一场似乎持续了一个世纪的激烈讨论后，冈特放下电话，启动了汽车。
When I was about to give up
片段巩固 用honour；determination；give up完成演讲稿片段
演讲稿之写作提示:今天,我们聚集在这里向那些表现出巨大决心并从未放弃梦想的人致敬→激励我们追求自己的目标→努力克服挑战
Today,we gather here in honour of those who have shown great determination and never given up their dreams.Their stories inspire us to pursue our goals.We must struggle to overcome the challenges. Always stay determined.
4.injury n.伤害；损伤(injured adj.受伤的；有伤的 injure vt.使受伤；损害)
佳句背诵
My injury was minor，but Spencer raced into the house and got Boo-Boo Bunny from the freezer to bring me comfort.(动作描写)
我的伤势很轻，但斯宾塞跑进屋里，从冰箱里拿Boo-Boo Bunny小兔子来安慰我。
do sb an injury(＝do an injury to sb) 伤害某人
the injured 受伤的人；伤员
get/be injured 受伤
以练促学 单句语法填空/单句写作
①He lost control of the car，crashed into the truck and got seriously ___________ (injure).
②Lily _____________________________________________________ when she swung her backpack without looking.(动作描写)
莉莉没有看就甩了她的背包，把她的同学弄伤了。
injured
did her classmate an injury/did an injury to her classmate
教考衔接 单句语法填空
③Once there，Lenoue was assessed and later taken to a hospital，where she learned that she had serious ____________ (injury) in one of her knees.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
④A month before my first marathon，one of my ankles ______________ (injure) and this meant not running for two weeks，leaving me only two weeks to train.Yet，I was determined to go ahead.(北京卷)
injuries
was injured
5.compete vi.竞争；对抗(competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争力的 competitor n.竞争者，竞争对手；参赛者 competition n.竞争；竞赛，比赛)
佳句背诵
We can compete with students from other schools in the World Adolescent Robotics Competition.
我们可以和来自其他学校的学生在世界青少年机器人大赛中竞争。
compete with/against sb 和某人竞争
compete for sth 为……而竞争
compete in sth 在……中竞争
in competition with 与……竞争
以练促学 单句语法填空/单句写作
①Our basketball team will be in competition ____________ the former champions next week；we’re training hard.
with
②I suggest we form a team ____________________________________
in the upcoming event.(建议信)
我建议我们组建一个团队，在即将到来的赛事中争夺冠军。
③_______________________________________________________，
she felt a mix of nerves and excitement.(心理描写)
在全国辩论比赛中竞争时，她感到既紧张又兴奋。
to compete for the championship
Competing in the national debate competition
教考衔接 单句写作
④In the pumpkin field，______________________________________
_____________________ to seek out the biggest pumpkin.
(动作描写；2021·浙江1月卷)
在南瓜地里，我和我的三个兄弟姐妹竞争寻找最大的南瓜。
I compete with/against my three brothers
and sister
⑤______________________________________________，what really mattered was not the title of championship but the determination that participants showed during the race.(活动介绍；2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)
尽管这是一场竞争激烈的比赛，但是真正重要的不是冠军称号，而是参与者在比赛中所展示出来的决心。
Though this was a competitive race
6.pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮
佳句背诵
Tom pretended to be a teacher in class，imitating the teacher’s tone and gestures as he lectured，drawing laughter from everyone.
(动作描写)
汤姆在班上假装自己是一位老师，模仿着老师的语气和姿态讲课，逗得大家笑声连连。
pretend to be 假装是
pretend to do sth 假装做某事
pretend to be doing sth 假装正在做某事
pretend to have done sth 假装已经做过某事
pretend that... 假装……
以练促学 对比填空(to read/to be reading)/单句写作
①The naughty boy pretended ____________ when the headmaster came into the classroom.
②The naughty boy pretended ____________ every morning，but actually he did nothing.
③When I am faced with difficulties in learning，_________________
________________，but turn to my classmates or teachers.(演讲稿)
当我在学习中遇到难题时,我会向同学或老师求助,而不是不懂装懂。
to be reading
to read
I won’t pretend to
have known it
教考衔接 单句写作
④She decided that she would memorize where her classes were and then ______________________________________________________.
(心理描写；2024·浙江1月卷)
她决定记住自己上课的地方，然后假装其他地方都不存在。
⑤Father，___________________________________________，acted astonished when he saw the breakfast.(动作描写；2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
假装睡觉的父亲看到早餐时表现得很惊讶。
pretend that the rest of the place didn’t exist
(who was) pretending to sleep
7.cut...out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下
佳句背诵
She carefully cut out the article from the newspaper，making sure not to tear the edges，so she could add it to her notebook.(动作描写)
她小心翼翼地从报纸上剪下那篇文章，确保不撕破边缘，这样她就可以把它加到她的笔记本里。
cut across/through 穿过(某地)(尤指抄近路)
cut in 插嘴
cut off 中断；切掉；使隔绝
cut up 切碎
cut down 砍倒；削减；删节；缩小(尺寸、数量等)
cut back 减少，削减，缩减
以练促学 单句语法填空/单句写作
①During the heated discussion in class，Tom couldn’t help but cut ____________ with his opinion，eager to share his thoughts on the subject.
②_______________________________________________________，
leaving the residents without power and communication for several days until help arrived.(环境描写)
暴风雨使村庄与外界隔绝，居民几天没有电和通讯，直到救援到达。
in
The storm cut off the village from the outside world
教考衔接 单句语法填空
③Kim Cobb，a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta，is one of a small but growing minority of academics who are cutting ____________ on their air travel because of climate change.(2022·浙江1月卷)
④One morning I spotted a lost lamb when I was in the top field，near where a motorway cuts __________________________ my land.
(2020·浙江7月卷)
back
across/through
片段巩固 用injury；compete；pretend；cut...out完成人物描写的片段
续写训练之情节线：运动会期间，学生们在各种比赛中竞争→莎拉的脚踝在接力赛中受了伤→她假装一切正常→赛后，停止其他比赛去看医生
Last week,during the school sports meeting,many students competed in various events.Sarah,always eager to show her skill,was running fast in the relay race when she suffered an injury to her ankle.Despite the pain,she pretended everything was fine,not wanting to let her team down.After the race,her friends had to convince her to cut out the rest of the events and see a doctor.
1.come along跟随,一起来;到达;进步;赶快(生义)
①There is a lecture tonight and you’re welcome to come along.
____________
②Your French has come along a lot recently after you improved your study methods.____________
③When the right opportunity comes along，take it.____________
④Come along! We are already late.____________
一起来
进步
到达
赶快
2.work out锻炼(生义);计算出;解决;制定出;想出
①We must work out a good idea to have a cheap holiday.
____________
②You have to work out a plan as quickly as possible.____________
③The math problem is so difficult that we can’t work out the answer.____________
④The famous actor keeps fit by working out for an hour every morning.____________
想出
制定出
计算出
锻炼
3.make it获得成功;准时到达;生存或渡过难关(生义);能够出席(生义)
①The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
____________
②The flight leaves in twenty minutes—we’ll never make it.
____________
③I’m sorry I didn’t make it to your lecture last Sunday.
____________
④He didn’t make it to another summer and died that winter.
________________
获得成功
准时到达
能够出席
生存或渡过难关
4.fall apart破裂;破碎;崩溃(生义)
The group began to fall apart① due to poor cooperation.The model they built also started to fall apart②，with pieces breaking off here and there.Finally，Sarah felt like she was going to fall apart③ under the pressure of completing everything on time.
__________________________
①破裂 ②破碎 ③崩溃
5.stress /stres/ n.压力;紧张;重音 vt.强调;重读(生义);使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安(生义)
①In her letter，she stressed the importance of regular exercise for maintaining good health.____________
②When reading poetry，it is important to stress the correct syllables to convey the intended rhythm.____________
③He tends to stress before big presentations，worrying about every little detail.____________
vt.强调
vt.重读
vi.焦虑不安
④Under the stress of exams，she found it hard to concentrate and often felt overwhelmed.____________
⑤In the word photograph，the stress is on the first syllable.
____________
n.压力
n.重音
句型公式：“Sb/Sth seems/seemed＋不定式”意为“看来/好像……”
课本原句：In the final seconds of a game，Jordan always seemed to find a way to win.
在比赛的最后几秒钟，乔丹似乎总能找到制胜的方法。
佳句背诵
My cold heart seemed to melt slowly and my annoyance at him gradually gave way to guilt.(心理描写)
我冰冷的心似乎慢慢融化，我对他的恼怒逐渐变成了内疚。
(1)Sb/Sth seems/seemed＋不定式
＝It seems/seemed that... 看来/好像……
(2)It seems＋adj.＋to do sth 做某事似乎……
(3)It seems as if/as though... 看起来好像……
以练促学 单句写作/同义句转换
①_________________________________________________________
by heart in a short time.(语言学习)
在短时间内背这么多生词似乎很难。
②________________________________________________________
Millie for years.(人物描写)
她好像认识米莉已有好多年了似的。
It seems difficult to learn so many new words
It seemed as if/as though she had known
③It seemed that his mouth was full of blood and his eyes were red with anger.
→______________________________________________________，
his eyes red with anger.
教考衔接 单句写作
④The atmosphere was incredibly peaceful.______________________
_________________________________.(活动介绍；2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
氛围非常宁静。每个人都似乎深深地沉浸在他们的工作中。
His mouth seemed to be full of blood
Everyone seemed to
be deeply buried in their work
⑤In a dilemma，_______________________________ Gunter spotted my inner urgency，just waving good goodbye to me，without saying anything.(动作描写；2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
在进退两难之际，冈特似乎察觉到了我内心的急切，他只是向我挥手道别，什么也没说。
it seemed as if/as though
关 键 能 力 考 查
维度一 单元知识运用
1.It is a great honour for me ____________ (have) the opportunity to speak in front of distinguished guests and fellow students at the graduation ceremony.
2.She is firmly determined ____________ (finish) her project by this weekend，despite facing numerous challenges along the way.
3.____________ (learn) foreign languages is essential for global communication and opens doors to understanding different cultures.
to have
to finish
Learning
4.During the heated final match of the tournament，the soccer player ________________ (injure) seriously，casting a shadow over the team’s ultimate victory.
5.After the thorough explanation by the teacher，she seemed ____________ (grasp) the complex concepts being taught.
6.She pretended ____________ (be) joyous and engaged，skillfully masking her true feelings of loneliness and detachment.
was injured
to grasp
to be
7.The doctor strongly advised him to cut ____________ staying up late to support his mental and physical health.
8.He decided not to give ____________ his lifelong dream of becoming an artist，even though it meant years of hard work and dedication.
9.She competed ________________ her classmates for the top spot，pushing herself to stand out in her studies.
10.The secret __________ a lasting friendship is honesty and mutual respect，which improve trust and understanding between friends.
out
up
with/against
to
维度二 单元知识拾遗
1.Please ____________________________________________________
after school，where there are the latest equipment.
请在放学后跟我一起去新开的健身房打羽毛球;那里有最新的器材。
2.He ________________________ to stay fit and __________________ for his younger brother.
他每天早上慢跑以保持健康，并为他的弟弟树立了榜样。
play badminton with me to the new gym
jogs every morning
sets an example
3.Despite the challenges，he __________________________________
______________________ through persistent efforts.
尽管面临挑战，但他并没有放弃并通过持续的努力成为了班上的佼佼者。
4.The ______________________________________________________
was mainly teenagers.
这个广告的目标观众主要是十几岁的青少年。
didn’t give up and became the top
of his class
target audience for this advertisement
5.It’s probably good for you __________________________________.
偶尔受点批评或许对你还有好处。
6.She almost _________________________________，but her teacher helped her regain confidence.
她几乎对数学学习失去了信心，但老师帮助她重新获得了信心。
7.________________________________________ and clarified a lot of confusion around the concept.
他的解释确实有道理，澄清了关于概念的许多困惑。
to get some criticism now and then
lost heart in her math studies
His explanation really made sense
8.Volunteering can really ____________________________________
____________________.
做志愿者确实可以对有需要的人的生活产生影响。
9.When you _____________________________________ the later ones，you can see significant improvement.
当你将他早期的画作与后期的画作比较时，你可以看到显著的进步。
10.____________________________ on the day of the sports meet，the event will take place as planned.
即使运动会当天下雨，活动也将按计划进行。
make a difference in the lives of
those in need
compare his early paintings with
Even if/though it rains
维度三 单元话题写作(短文投稿——体育与健康)
假定你是李华，在“全民健身日”到来之际，你校英语报面向全体学生开展征文比赛，要求参赛者通过写一篇关于自己运动前后变化的文章来宣传运动的重要性。请你写一篇英语短文参赛。
第一步 根据单元知识写美句
1.去年暑假，表哥邀请我打羽毛球。(badminton)
2.我不想跟随，因为我有点超重，这让我没有信心。(come along)
Last summer vacation,my cousin invited me to play badminton.
I didn’t want to come along as I was a bit overweight,which made me not confident.
3.由于我的身体状况不佳，即使我只锻炼一会儿，我也很容易感到疲倦。(even if；work out)
4.在表哥的鼓励下，我试了一下，爱上了打羽毛球。暑假结束后，我变得更苗条、健康，也更积极向上。(slim；positive)
Due to my poor physical condition,I got easily tired even if I worked out for only a while.
Encouraged by my cousin,I gave it a try and fell in love with it.After the summer vacation,I became slimmer,healthier and more positive.
5.通过打羽毛球，我的身心都变得更健康。尝试一项运动是有意义的，不是吗？(make sense；附加疑问句)
By playing badminton,I have become both physically and mentally healthier.It makes sense to give a sport a try,doesn’t it
第二步 连句成篇创佳作
【参考范文】
Last summer vacation,my cousin invited me to play badminton. At first,I didn’t want to come along as I was a bit overweight,which made me not confident.Moreover,due to my poor physical condition,I got easily tired even if I worked out for only a while.Later on, encouraged by my cousin,I gave it a try and fell in love with it.After the summer vacation,I became slimmer,healthier and more positive. By playing badminton,I have become both physically and mentally healthier.It makes sense to give a sport a try,doesn’t it
读 写 素 养 培 优
Part Ⅰ 续写能力提升
1.语料积累
单 词 ambitious adj.有雄心的 courageous adj.勇敢的 determined adj.决心的
persistent adj.坚持不懈的 optimistic adj.乐观的 steadily adv.稳步地
consistently adv.一贯地 passionately adv.热情地 optimistically adv.乐观地
effectively adv.有效地 patiently adv.耐心地 determination n.决心
strength n.力量 courage n.勇气 ambition n.雄心
commitment n.承诺 passion n.热情 motivation n.动机
teamwork n.团队合作 commit v.承诺 motivate v.激励
inspire v.激励
词 块 during a track and field event在一次田径比赛中;offer one’s helping hand to向……伸出了某人的援手;struggle with an injury因伤势挣扎;the ambitious nature雄心勃勃的性格;the importance of sportsmanship体育精神的重要性;with the crowd cheering观众欢呼;accept challenges接受挑战;show true courage展现真正的勇气;display teamwork展示团队合作;achieve excellence取得卓越;
inspire others激励他人;face adversity面对逆境
靓 句 1.The team’s cooperation was a beautiful example of sportsmanship.
团队合作是体育精神的美好典范。
2.In the heat of the race,a helping hand becomes a symbol of unity.
比赛激烈之时,援手成为团结的象征。
3.Champions are made not just by wins,but by their acts of kindness.
冠军的成就不仅在于胜利,还在于他们的善举。
4.The spirit of sports is about lifting each other up,not just winning.
体育精神是关于相互扶持,不仅仅是赢得比赛。
2.场景片段训练(运动员精神：携手相助)
Lily is a young athlete，known for her speed.Despite ①________
_______________________ (雄心勃勃的性格)，Lily never overlooked the true sportsmanship.②_____________________________________ (在一次田径比赛中)，she witnessed a fellow competitor，Anna，
③________________________ (因伤势挣扎).As others raced past，Lily stopped，④_____________________________________________
her ambitious nature
During a track and field event
struggle with an injury
offering her helping hand to Anna
(向安娜伸出了援手).Together，they crossed the finish line，
⑤____________________________________________ (众人欢呼) not for the winner，but for the display of compassion.This act of kindness is more valued than any medal.Lily’s behaviour taught everyone
⑥________________________________ (体育精神的重要性).
with the crowd cheering
the importance of sportsmanship
Part Ⅱ 高考同源研探
(2021·全国乙卷阅读A)
The Biggest Stadiums in the World
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.In around 80 A.D.,the Romans built the Colosseum,which remains the world’s best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design.Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances,seating 50,000 people.However,that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus,which accommodated around 250,000 people.
These days,safety regulations—not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities (容量) slightly lower.Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
For the biggest stadiums in the world,we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far,which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity,as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functional,still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
·Rungrado 1st of May Stadium,Pyongyang,D.P.R.Korea.Capacity: 150,000.Opened:May 1,1989.
·Michigan Stadium,Ann Arbor,Michigan,U.S.Capacity: 107,601. Opened:October 1,1927.
·Beaver Stadium,State College,Pennsylvania,U.S.Capacity:106,572. Opened:September 17,1960.
·Ohio Stadium,Columbus,Ohio,U.S.Capacity:104,944.Opened:
October 7,1922.
·Kyle Field,College Station,Texas,U.S.Capacity:102,512.Opened: September 24,1927.
真题再做
【语篇解读】 本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了当今世界上最大的几座体育场。
21.How many people could the Circus Maximus hold
A.104,944. B.107,601.
C.About 150,000. D.About 250,000.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,Circus Maximus能容纳大约25万人,故选D项。
√
22.Of the following stadiums,which is the oldest
A.Michigan Stadium. B.Beaver Stadium.
C.Ohio Stadium. D.Kyle Field.
解析 细节理解题。文章对各体育场开放时间的介绍分别为Michigan Stadium-1927年,Beaver Stadium-1960年,Ohio Stadium-1922年,Kyle Field-1927年。由此可知,最古老的体育场是Ohio Stadium,故选C项。
√
23.What do the listed stadiums have in common
A.They host big games.
B.They have become tourist attractions.
C.They were built by Americans.
D.They are favored by architects.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知,这些体育场仍然开放,仍然举办世界上最大的体育赛事,故选A项。
√
思维建模
概括类细节理解题——概括和归纳
为了增加细节理解题的难度,命题人有时候会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题,即一道试题中涉及一段或者几段的某些内容,需要学生进行概括和归纳后才能得出答案。此类试题虽然各个细节信息都能在文章中找到,但学生需要具备一定的概括和归纳能力才能正确作答。
以例示法(如22题)
第一步 找关键词:通读题干要求的段落,题干中的关键词为the oldest。
第二步 寻信息句:定位至描述各体育馆的开放年限。
第三步 比对答案:四个选项中C项符合题意。
积阅读单词
Para.1：stadium n.体育场；contemporary adj.当代的；
Para.2：capacity n.容量；soccer n.足球；
Para.3：permanent adj.永久的；
Para.4：event n.赛事
垒主题词块
Para.1：pour into stadiums 涌进体育场；
seat 50，000 people 容纳五万人；small fry (被认为)不重要的人或事；
Para.2：safety regulations 安全条例或规则；
a comfortable seat 一个舒适的座位；tend to 倾向于
析长难语句
Para.2：These days，safety regulations—not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities slightly lower.
[句式分析] 这是一个简单句。句子主干为“safety regulations tend to keep stadium capacities slightly lower”。其中“not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat”是插入语。
[尝试翻译]
[语言赏析] 使用破折号引出插入语“not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat”，补充说明除了安全条例外，现代体育迷对良好视野和舒适座位的需求也是影响体育场容量的重要因素。这种结构增强了句子的逻辑性和信息量，使读者更全面地理解影响体育场容量的多重因素。
如今,考虑到安全规定,更不用说现代体育迷对于良好的视野和舒适的座位的渴望,体育场的容量趋向于略微降低。
课 时 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·重庆八中高三模拟)
Baseball was everything to Walker Smallwood.But when he was just 14 years old,he got heartbreaking news that he had a rare form of bone cancer growing in his left leg.His baseball playing came to a sudden stop as he spent the next three years undergoing six surgeries,24 treatments and 18 hospital stays.
The young pitcher’s leg would never be strong enough to make competitive playing an option.“At the time I guess I was just kind of in denial (否认),because my whole life,day in and day out,was built around baseball and sports,” Walker said.“It was pretty disastrous,” his mom,Pam said.The most the 17-year-old would be able to do is play catch with his teammates as they warmed up for their games.
As the team approached the final game of the season,Walker’s parents and coach agreed that he could pitch (投球) for an inning (一局) or two for the old time’s sake.
“Say you did it,have some fun,and then that’ll be it.Obviously, that’s not what happened,” Walker said.
What ended up happening was more than anyone ever expected.Walker not only threw solid pitches in that first inning,but he also ended up pitching a no-hitter.The coach decided to keep him in the game until he started giving up pitches,but that never happened.Smallwood struck out all but two hitters for the entire game and tied a school record in the process.
“I was in tears,most of the stands were in tears—just one of those special moments that we’ll cherish forever,” mom Pam said.Smallwood may never play again.He’s actually fine with that now because who needs a World Series ring when you’ve already taken on your greatest competitor and gone undefeated.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了17岁男孩 Walker Smallwood 因患一种罕见的癌症不得不放弃棒球运动。他重返球场参加最后一场比赛,投出了一个无安打的球,震惊所有人。
1.What does the word “It” underlined in paragraph 2 refer to
A.The serious injury to his leg.
B.The childhood baseball dream.
C.The risk of multiple surgeries.
D.The long-term mental stress.
√
解析 代词指代题。首先,依据代词一般出现在原词之后可知,画线词应该在第二段的第一句“The young pitcher’s leg would never be strong enough to make competitive playing an option.”;Walker一直梦想成为职业棒球手,但因癌症造成腿部伤害,他无力支持高强度运动,妈妈因此想表达这简直是灾难性的,所以 it 在这里就是指代前面的癌症使得他的腿受伤无力这件事,故选A项。
2.Which of the following best describes Walker Smallwood
A.Confident and energetic. B.Ambitious and determined.
C.Brilliant and considerate. D.Optimistic and independent.
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段“Say you did it...that’s not what happened”和第五段中“Walker not only threw...but that never happened.”可知,Walker在得知有机会参加最后一场比赛后,就决心不只是去玩玩,而是认真打比赛。结果他投出了一个无安打的球,超出所有人的预期。从这里可以看出这位年轻投手有追求,有决心,也很努力,棒球是他一生的追求,说明他很有雄心壮志,故选B项。
√
3.Why does the author mention a World Series ring in the last paragraph
A.To emphasize the value of cherishing every moment.
B.To stress the significance of any championship prize.
C.To highlight Walker’s personal success at the game.
D.To serves as a reminder of challenges in Walker’s life.
√
解析 写作意图题。从文章最后一段“Smallwood may never play again...your greatest competitor and gone undefeated.”可知,作者是为了强调 Smallwood 当天在棒球场上的成就超过了任何冠军奖的意义。一枚世界大赛戒指是棒球终极成就的象征,但Smallwood克服癌症带来的伤痛,投出一个无安打的球,所向无敌,其他荣誉何足挂齿。故选C项。
4.What can we learn from Walker’s story
A.Misfortune can tell us what fortune is.
B.You can’t teach an old dog new tricks.
C.Constant dropping wears away a stone.
D.What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger.
√
解析 推理判断题。根据全文内容,结合第一段中“His baseball playing...and 18 hospital stays.”和倒数第二段中“Smallwood struck...a school record in the process.”可知,本文介绍了17岁男孩 Walker Smallwood 因患一种罕见的癌症不得不放弃棒球运动。他重返球场参加最后一场比赛,投出了一个无安打的球,震惊所有人,反映出了“打不倒你的会使你更强大”,故选D项。
(2025·定州高三模拟)
When it comes to lowering blood pressure,studies have typically shown that aerobic (有氧的) exercises are best.Recent research suggests another type of physical activity is worth including as an effective tool to prevent and treat high blood pressure.
Exercises that engage muscles without movement,such as wall squats and planks,may be best for lowering blood pressure,according to a large study published in July,2023 in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.
This type of training is known as isometric exercise,according to the Mayo Clinic.Isometric muscle action happens when muscles contract but do not visibly change length,and the joints involved don’t move,facilitating stability of the body.Isometric exercises can be done with weights or without,just relying on the body’s own weight.
“These findings provide a comprehensive data-driven framework to support the development of new exercise guideline recommendations for the prevention and treatment of high blood pressure,” said study coauthor Dr.Jamie O’Driscoll in a news release.
The researchers looked into randomized controlled trials that had reported the effects of exercise interventions,lasting two or more weeks,on blood pressure between 1990 and February 2023.From a review of 270 trials with 15,827 participants,the researchers found that among HIIT (high intensity interval training),isometric exercise, aerobic exercise,dynamic resistance training and a combination of the latter two,isometric exercise led to the greatest reductions in blood pressure.
It’s also important to note that there are other lifestyle changes as well as exercise that can benefit your blood pressure.These include keeping to a healthy weight,eating a balanced diet,cutting down on salt,not drinking too much alcohol and ensuring that you continue to take any prescribed medication.
More research is needed to determine exactly why isometric exercises might be better for lowering blood pressure than other types of training,the authors said.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究表明等长运动可能最适合降低血压。
5.What does the underlined part “isometric exercise” in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Exercise that is done with extra weights.
B.Exercise that involves visible muscle contraction.
C.Exercise that focuses on stability of the body.
D.Exercise that engages muscles without movement.
√
解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Exercises that engage muscles...in July,2023 in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.”可知,不用移动的肌肉锻炼可能是降血压的最佳方式,结合画线短语“This type of training”可知,这种类型的训练指的是上文中提到的“不用移动的肌肉锻炼”,由此可知,画线短语应与“不用移动的肌肉锻炼”意义相近,故选D项。
6.How did the researchers carry out the study
A.By providing statistics. B.By interviewing experts.
C.By doing experiments. D.By making comparisons.
解析 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“From a review of 270 trials...the greatest reductions in blood pressure.”可知,此项研究是对以前的研究数据进行分析,通过比较得出的研究结论——等长运动能最大程度地降低血压,由此可知,该项实验是通过对比进行的,故选D项。
√
7.What does the author suggest the future studies about isometric exercise focus on
A.Exploring the reasons for its effectiveness.
B.Demonstrating its influences on mental health.
C.Assessing its suitability for different populations.
D.Determining its long-term impacts on blood pressure.
√
解析 推理判断题。根据尾段中的“More research...other types of training,the authors said.”可知,接下来需要更多的研究确定为什么等长运动比其他运动更能降低血压,由此可知,作者建议未来关于等长运动的研究重点是探究其有效性的原因,故选A项。
8.What is the text mainly about
A.The benefits of aerobic exercises.
B.The best exercise for blood pressure.
C.The effects of various types of exercises.
D.The importance of keeping a healthy lifestyle.
√
解析 文章大意题。依据“主题句定位法”可知,首段中的“Recent research suggests another type of physical activity is worth including as an effective tool to prevent and treat high blood pressure.”是文章的主题句。结合下文内容可知,本文介绍该项研究的研究过程。由此可知,本文主要讲述的是一项对降血压最好的运动,故选B项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·宜昌高三模拟)
A few days before my high school ended,I was sitting in my English class.My classmates were talking about who would be the first person to shed tears at 1 .Then,everyone looked at me,and I began to 2 right then and there.I am not an emotional person,but the 3 of leaving this place hit me hard.I never knew how much this building and the people in it 4 to me,until my last days.
High school isn’t for everyone,but there is something for everyone in high school.You just have to 5 out what your “thing” is.I 6 found my “thing” in high school and that was Student Government.For once I had a(n) 7 .I served as the representative of my class,and it gave me a 8 to convey not only my own,but my classmates’ 9 to teachers and our school.
But there were a lot of times when I felt 10 .I sat in the classroom looking at the clock, 11 for the end of school day.I 12 the days until summer like it was my job.But now I 13 I could take back all of those moments.
My biggest 14 to anyone still in high school is to make your school a place where you want to go.High school goes by very quickly.You only get one chance to be a high schooler,so take 15 of it.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在高中毕业前的经历和感悟,表达了对离别的不舍与对高中生活的珍惜,希望高中生利用好高中的时间,实现自己的目标。
1.A.school B.graduation C.break D.random
解析 句意:同学们在讨论谁会是第一个在毕业典礼上流泪的人。school学校;graduation 毕业;毕业典礼;break 休息;random 随机。根据上文的“A few days before my high school ended,I was sitting in my English class.”可知,“我”的高中生活即将结束,因此学校要举行毕业仪式,故选B项。
√
2.A.cry B.lie C.sing D.sigh
解析 句意:然后,每个人都看着我,我就在那里哭了起来。cry 哭泣;lie 说谎;sing 唱歌;sigh 叹息。根据上文的“My classmates were talking about who would be the first person to shed tears at...”可知,“我”就在这时哭了起来,故选A项。
√
3.A.proposal B.option C.possibility D.thought
解析 句意:我不是一个情绪化的人,但是一想到要离开这个地方,我就很难受。proposal 提议;option 选项;possibility 可能性;thought 想法。根据本句中的“leaving this place hit me hard”可知,要毕业了使“我”很难受,说明“我”想到了毕业的场景,故选D项。
√
4.A.meant B.replied C.reacted D.faded
解析 句意:直到最后的日子,我才知道这栋楼和里面的人对我有多么重要。mean意味着;reply回答;react反应;fade褪色。根据上文的“leaving this place hit me hard”可知,学校对“我”来说意味着很多,故选A项。
√
5.A.bring B.figure C.cross D.carry
解析 句意:你只需要弄清楚你的“目标”是什么。bring 带来;figure 计算;cross 穿过;carry 承载。根据上文的“there is something for everyone in high school”可知,因此你要弄清楚在高中阶段想得到什么,figure out弄清楚,故选B项。
√
6.A.anxiously B.bravely C.luckily D.initially
解析 句意:我很幸运地在高中找到了我的“目标”,那就是学生会。anxiously 焦虑地;bravely 勇敢地;luckily 幸运地;initially 最初地(课标生僻词)。根据本句中的“I...found my ‘thing’ in high school and that was Student Government.”可知,“我”找到了在高中阶段想要的东西,因此“我”是幸运的,故选C项。
√
7.A.organization B.impression C.voice D.discovery
解析 句意:这一次我终于有了发言权。organization 组织;impression 印象;voice 声音,发言权(多义词);discovery 发现。根据下文的“I served as the representative of my class”可知,“我”作为班级的代表可以向学校提建议,因此“我”有发言权,故选C项。
√
8.A.benefit B.chance C.challenge D.purpose
解析 句意:我担任了班级代表,这给了我一个机会向老师和学校传达我自己和同学们的想法。benefit 好处;chance 机会;challenge 挑战;purpose目的。根据本句中的“I served as the representative of my class”可知,“我”作为班级的代表,“我”便有了机会向学校提建议,故选B项。
√
9.A.objectives B.principles C.concerns D.updates
解析 句意同上。objective 目标;principle 原则;concern 关心的问题,关注;update 更新。“I served as the representative of my class,and it gave me a...to convey not only my own”可知,“我”作为班级的代表,“我”便有了机会向学校提建议,把自己和同学们关心的问题反映给学校,故选C项。
√
10.A.disturbed B.sheltered C.alarmed D.inspired
解析 句意:但有很多时候,我感到不安。disturbed 不安的;sheltered 受庇护的;alarmed 惊恐的;inspired 得自灵感的。根据本句的but表示转折,和下文的“I sat in the classroom looking at the clock...for the end of school day.”可知,“我”有时会盼望在学校的一天快点过去,因此“我”会感到不安,故选A项。
√
11.A.applauding B.searching C.fighting D.longing
解析 句意:我坐在教室里看着时钟,渴望着一天的学习结束。applaud 鼓掌;search 搜索;fight 打斗;long渴望。根据上文的“But there were a lot of times when I felt...”及本句中的“I sat in the classroom looking at the clock,...for the end of school day.”可知,“我”有时会盼望在学校的一天快点过去,故选D项。
√
12.A.counted down B.went through
C.set aside D.put off
解析 句意:我数着日子等着夏天的到来,仿佛那是我的工作。count down 倒计时,倒着数;go through 经历;set aside 留出;put off 推迟。根据上文的“I sat in the classroom looking at the clock,...for the end of school day.”可知,“我”有时会盼望在学校的一天快点过去,因此会开始数日子,等待暑假的来临,故选A项。
√
13.A.promise B.assume C.pray D.realize
解析 句意:但现在我祈祷我可以收回所有的那些时刻。promise承诺;assume假设;pray祈祷;realize实现。根据上文的“I...the days until summer like it was my job.”及本句中的but可知,“我”希望过去数日子的事情没发生,那该有多好,因此祈祷能追回那些日子,故选C项。
√
14.A.support B.advice C.rule D.warning
解析 句意:我对还在上高中的人最大的建议是,让你的学校成为你想去的地方。support 支持;advice 建议;rule 规则;warning警告。根据本句中的“make your school a place where you want to go”可知,“我”通过自身的经历给高中生提建议:让你的学校成为你想去的地方,故选B项。
√
15.A.account B.notice C.control D.advantage
解析 句意:你只有一次成为高中生的机会,所以要好好利用它。account 账户;notice 注意;control 控制;advantage 优势。根据本句中的“You only get one chance to be a high schooler”可知,机会只有一次,因此“我”建议高中生利用好这段时间,故选D项。
√
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·六安一中高三模拟)
The changes in the sounds of oceans affect many marine (海洋的) animals,1. very small fishes to huge whales.Fishes and other marine animals use the sounds they catch underwater 2.
(communicate) with each other,and the sounds also help some animals find food and avoid dangerous 3. (hunt).However,the increasing noise from shipping traffic and underwater oil and gas exploration is making it 4. hard thing for these animals to hear each other.
The Red Sea,one of the world’s most important waterways,
5. (pack) with large ships traveling to Asia,Europe,and Africa.Some fishes and other animals now avoid the noisiest areas.In addition,the overall number of marine animals 6. (go) down significantly since 1970.
Experts examine articles 7. (document) changes in the volume and frequency of noise in the world’s oceans.Then they put together a picture of when the ocean changes began,how the oceans are changing 8. how marine life is affected.They state that influence is extremely 9. (notice) when“a noise is at the same frequency and volume as 10. (biological) important sounds,such as calls signaling danger.”
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了人类活动给海洋环境带来了越来越多的噪声,这影响了一些海洋动物的生存。
1.from ［考查介词。从非常小的鱼到巨大的鲸鱼,许多海洋动物都受到海洋的声音变化的影响。此处为from...to...“从……到……”固定搭配,故填from。]
2.to communicate ［考查非谓语动词。鱼类和其他海洋动物利用它们在水下捕捉到的声音相互交流,这些声音也有助于一些海洋动物寻找食物并避开危险的狩猎者。use sth to do sth“利用某物做某事”,故填to communicate。]
3.hunters ［考查词性转换和名词的数。根据空前的“avoid dangerous”可知,空处应用名词作宾语;hunter“狩猎者,猎人”为可数名词,结合语境可知,此处应用其复数形式,故填hunters。]
4.a ［考查冠词。然而,不断增加的由航运交通和水下石油和天然气勘探产生的噪声让这些动物很难听到彼此的声音。此处泛指一件困难的事,应用不定冠词,故填a。]
5.is packed ［考查时态语态和主谓一致。红海是世界上最重要的航道之一,挤满了前往亚洲、欧洲和非洲的大型船只。The Red Sea为单数概念,与pack“挤进,涌进,塞满,挤满”之间是被动关系,且文章主体时态是一般现在时,故填is packed。]
6.has gone ［考查时态和主谓一致。句中的“since 1970”为现在完成时的标志词,主语为“the overall number of marine animals”,中心词是number,因此谓语动词用单数形式,故填has gone。]
7.documenting ［考查非谓语动词。专家们研究了记录世界海洋噪声响度和频率变化的文章。空处在句中作非谓语,document“记录,记载”与articles之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用动词-ing形式,故填documenting。]
8.and ［考查并列连词。然后,他们拼凑出一幅图画,该图画描绘了海洋变化何时开始,海洋如何变化,以及海洋生物如何受到影响。“when the ocean changes began”,“how the oceans are changing”和“how marine life is affected”是并列成分,故填and。]
9.noticeable ［考查词性转换。他们指出,当“一种噪声与生物学上重要的声音,例如预示危险的动物叫声,处于相同的频率和响度”时,影响非常明显。空处应用形容词作表语,故填noticeable。]
10.biologically ［考查词性转换。空处修饰形容词important,应用副词形式,故填biologically。]
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.1:surgery n.手术;treatment n.治疗;Para.2:competitive adj.竞争的;Para.3:approach v.接近;Para.5:solid adj.可靠的;
Para.6:cherish v.珍惜;competitor n.竞争者
B Para.2:movement n.运动;Para.3:length n.长度;joint n.关节;
Para.4:framework n.框架;guideline n.指南;
Para.5:controlled adj.控制的;intervention n.干预;
Para.6:lifestyle n.生活方式
熟词生义 A Para.6:stand 熟义:v.站立;生义:n.看台
B Para.6:note 熟义:n.笔记;生义:v.注意
词 块 积 累 A Para.2:day in and day out日复一日;warm up热身;
Para.5:more than超过;end up doing最终做某事;
Para.6:in tears流泪
B Para.1:when it comes to说到,当提到;Para.2:according to根据;Para.3:rely on依靠;
Para.5:look into调查;Para.6:cut down on减少
长 难 句 式 A Para.6:He’s actually fine with that now because who needs a World Series ring when you’ve already taken on your greatest competitor and gone undefeated.
[分析] 这是一个复合句。主句He’s actually fine with that now是一个“主系表”结构,because引导原因状语从句,其中嵌套了一个when引导的让步状语从句。
[译文] 现在他对此感到满意,既然你已经面对了最大的竞争对手并且保持不败,谁还需要世界系列赛的冠军戒指呢
长 难 句 式 B Para.5:The researchers looked into randomized controlled trials that had reported the effects of exercise interventions,lasting two or more weeks,on blood pressure between 1990 and February 2023.
[分析] 这是一个复合句。主句为主谓宾结构“The researchers looked into randomized controlled trials”;关系代词that引导定语从句,修饰trails;lasting two or more weeks作后置定语,修饰exercise interventions。
[译文] 研究人员调查了从1990年到2023年2月间报告了持续两周或更长时间的锻炼干预对血压影响的随机对照试验。
