UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
对应学生用书P52
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.billion num. 十亿
2.bone n. 骨头;骨(质)
3.shell n. 壳;壳状物
4.carve vt.& vi. 雕刻
5.dynasty n. 王朝;朝代
6.calligraphy n. 书法;书法艺术
7.semester n. 学期
8.petrol n.(NAmE gas) 汽油
9.subway n.(BrE underground) 地铁
10.apartment n.(especially NAmE) 公寓套房
11.pants n.[pl.](BrE) 内裤;短裤;裤子
12.gap n. 间隔;开口;差距
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.a native of London 一位伦敦的本地人
2.the positive attitude 积极的态度
3.the education system 教育体系
4.despite all her efforts 尽管她竭尽全力
5.the key factor 关键的因素
6.the symbol of freedom 自由的象征
7.the regional dialect 地方方言
8.means of communication 交流方式
9.regard me as a child 把我当成小孩
10.the main character 主角
11.global affairs 全球事务
12.specific needs 特定的需求
13.a fierce struggle 激烈的搏斗
14.the mother tongue 本国语言
15.a begging letter 求援信
16.English vocabulary 英语词汇
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.refer vi. 提到;参考;查阅
vt. 查询;叫……求助于
reference n. 指称关系;参考
2.base vt. 以……为据点;以……为基础
n. 底部;根据
based adj. 以(某事)为基础的;
以……为重要部分(或特征)的
basic adj. 基本的;基础的
basically adv. 从根本上说
basis n. 准则;方式;基础
3.variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化
vary v. 不同;变化;改变
various adj. 不同的;各种各样的
4.major adj. 主要的;重要的;大的
n. 主修课程;主修学生 vi.主修;专门研究
majority n. 大多数;大半
5.classic adj. 传统的;最优秀的;典型的
n. 经典作品;名著
classical adj. 古典的;经典的;传统的
6.global adj. 全球的;全世界的
globe n. 球体;地球仪;地球
globally adv. 全球地
7.appreciate vt. 欣赏;重视;感激;领会 vi.增值
appreciation n. 欣赏;感激;感谢
8.equal n. 同等的人;相等物 adj.相同的;同样的
equality n. 平等;相等
equally adv. 同样地;相等地;平均地
9.demand n. 要求;需求 vt.强烈要求;需要 vi.查问
demanding adj. 苛求的;要求高的;费力的
10.description n. 描写(文字);形容
describe vt. 描述
11.relate vt. 联系;讲述
related adj. 有关系的;有关联的
relation n. 关系;亲属
relative n. 亲戚;同类事物 adj.相对的
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.relate to 与……相关;涉及;谈到
2.refer to 指的是;描述;提到;查阅
3.date back (to...) 追溯到
4.play a(n)...role in 起着……的作用
5.feel like 感觉像
6.lead to 导致
7.used to 过去常常
8.be connected with 和……有联系
9.point of view 观点;看法
10.ups and downs 浮沉;兴衰;荣辱
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.Over the years,the system developed into different forms,as it was a time when people were divided geographically,leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. (when引导定语从句)
在随后的年代里,这一体系发展成了不同的形式,这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔,从而导致不同的方言和汉字变体的产生。
2.That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. (be+of+抽象名词)
这一书写体系对于中国人民和中国文化的统一具有重要意义。
3.Even today,no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak,they can all still communicate in writing. (“no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句)
即使在今天,不论住在哪里,也不论说何种方言,中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
4.The more I learnt of a language,the more my brain would grow. (the more...the more...)
我对一门语言学得越多,我的智力就增长得越快。
5.When I started studying German,it was a struggle.The words felt strange on my tongue,and the grammar would not stay in my head. (心理描写)
当我开始学习德语时,那真是一场挣扎。单词在舌尖里说不出来,感觉很奇怪,语法也无法往脑子里记。
构词法日积月累
词尾为-ic的形容词变副词
加-ally basic基本的;根本的→basically基本上;根本上 specific具体的→specifically具体地 systematic系统的→systematically系统地 automatic自动的→automatically自动地 enthusiastic热情的→enthusiastically热情地 scientific科学的→scientifically科学地 symbolic象征性的→symbolically象征性地
特殊变化 public公开的→publicly公众地
Step One 写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.a billion dollars十亿美元
2.remove the bones剔除骨头
3.collect shells收集贝壳
4.carve the wood雕刻木头
5.the Tang Dynasty唐朝
6.practise calligraphy练习书法
7.the spring semester春季学期
8.the petrol station加油站
9.take the subway乘地铁
10.a one-bedroom apartment一居室的公寓
11.a pair of pants一条裤子
12.the gap between rich and poor
贫富之间的差距
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.native adj.出生地的;本地的;土著的 n.本地人
2.attitude n.态度;看法
3.system n.体系;制度;系统
4.despite prep.即使;尽管
5.factor n.因素;要素
6.symbol n.符号;象征
7.dialect n.地方话;方言
8.means n.方式;方法;途径
9.regard n.尊重;关注 vt.把……视为;看待
10.character n.文字;符号;角色;品质;特点
11.affair n.公共事务;事件;关系
12.specific adj.特定的;明确的;具体的
13.struggle n.& vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗
14.tongue n.舌头;语言
15.vocabulary n.词汇
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.refer vi.提到;参考;查阅 vt.查询;叫……求助于→reference n.指称关系;参考
2.base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础 n.底部;根据→based adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的→basic adj.基本的;基础的→basically adv.从根本上说→basis n.准则;方式;基础
3.vary v.不同;变化;改变→variety n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化→various adj.不同的;各种各样的
4.major adj.主要的;重要的;大的 n.主修课程;主修学生 vi.主修;专门研究→majority n.大多数;大半
5.classic adj.传统的;最优秀的;典型的 n.经典作品;名著→classical adj.古典的;经典的;传统的
6.globe n.球体;地球仪;地球→global adj.全球的;全世界的→globally adv.全球地
7.appreciate vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会 vi.增值→appreciation n.欣赏;感激;感谢
8.equal n.同等的人;相等物 adj.相同的;同样的→equality n.平等;相等→equally adv.同样地;相等地;平均地
9.demand n.要求;需求 vt.强烈要求;需要 vi.查问→demanding adj.苛求的;要求高的;费力的
10.describe vt.描述→description n.描写(文字);形容
11.relate vt.联系;讲述→related adj.有关系的;有关联的→relation n.关系;亲属→relative n.亲戚;同类事物 adj.相对的
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.refer to指的是;描述;提到;查阅
2.date back (to...)追溯到
3.play a(n)...role in起着……的作用
4.lead to导致
5.relate to 与……相关;涉及;谈到
6.ups and downs浮沉;兴衰;荣辱
7.point of view观点;看法
8.be connected with 和……有联系
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式:when引导定语从句
It was a time when we would gather every afternoon to share stories and discuss our favorite books. (动作描写)
那是一个时期,我们每天下午都会聚集,分享故事并讨论我们最喜欢的书籍。
2.句型公式:be+of+抽象名词
It is of great importance for students to participate in extracurricular activities as they help in building team spirit. (建议信)
学生参加课外活动非常重要,因为它们有助于培养团队精神。
3.句型公式:“no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句
No matter where you find yourself in the world,it’s essential to respect local customs and traditions. (建议信)
无论你身在何处,尊重当地的习俗和传统是很重要的。
4.句型公式:the more...the more...“越……就越……”
The more I read about history,the more I understand the complexity of modern society.
我读的历史越多,就越能理解现代社会的复杂性。
Step Two 练一练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The idea was to modernise various aspects of the house without changing its essential character(特点).
2.Despite (尽管) the fact that her doctor had told her to rest,she went to Spain.
3.Police said there were no signs of a struggle (搏斗) at the murder scene.
4.Homework should not be used as a means (手段) of controlling children.
5.As for teenagers like us,we should always hold a positive attitude towards life even if the cruel reality can sometimes ruin our dreams.
6.The play was hard to understand when the characters spoke in dialect.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.She is more than glad to learn that the majority (major) of the students are interested in her class.
2.Men and women must be treated equally (equal) in education and employment.
3.He made the whole speech without referring (refer) to the notes in front of him.
4.It was a challenging and demanding (demand) job,but anyhow we managed to handle it with joint efforts.
5.I would like to express my appreciation (appreciate) to those who always give me timely help and encouragement when I’m in trouble.
6.Well,basically (basic) it is a matter of filling in a few forms.
Ⅲ.短语填空
point of view;ups and downs;relate to;
date back to;refer to
1.On top of the mountain stands an ancient temple which dates back to the Tang Dynasty.
2.From my point of view,we should learn to appreciate life and hold a positive attitude despite the ups and downs we may encounter.
3.If you want to win the speech contest,you’d better prepare for it well in advance and not refer to your notes too often.
4.To make your news report truthful and convincing,make sure that your information relates to something that has recently happened.
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As we all know,English is referred to as an international language,1.widely (wide) used in global affairs.No matter 2.what kind of English people are speaking,native speakers have no trouble 3.understanding (understand) the words like “petrol”,“subway”,“apartment”,“pants”,“semester” and other words despite the small differences in vocabulary.However,Chinese,which is increasingly popular around the world,is regarded as the most 4.demanding (demand) language,especially for non-native learners.Firstly,even the commonly-used mandarin in China is hard enough to learn,let alone 5.varieties (variety) of dialects.Secondly,Chinese characters are abstract symbols for them.The writing system,dating back to the Shang Dynasty when people carved something with specific meanings 6.on bones or shells,is like strange pictures.However,based on the common 7.appreciation (appreciate) of these characters,some classic works are still read now and by this means we can know more about the ups and downs in ancient times.Besides,calligraphy is also an art form closely 8.related/relating (relate) to Chinese culture.9.To bridge (bridge) the gap between cultures,the two languages both play an equally important role,for 10.which we should work hard on it,especially as students.
1.refer vi.提到;参考;查阅 vt.查询;叫……求助于(reference n.指称关系;参考;提及,涉及;参考书目)
佳句背诵
Obviously,it is highly recommended to refer to Xinhua Dictionary when you come across a challenging Chinese character. (建议信)
显然,当你遇到一个有挑战性的汉字时,强烈建议你参考新华字典。
refer to 指的是;描述;提到;查阅
refer...to... 把……送交给……;让(人)参考……
refer to...as... 把……称作……
in/with reference to 关于
以练促学 单句语法填空/单句写作
①As the situation was unusual,he referred the matter to the editor.
②Generally,the paper-cuts are used to decorate doors and windows,and thus sometimes they are referred to as Window Flower/Chuanghua. (传统文化)
剪纸通常用于装饰门窗,因此有时被称为窗花。
教考衔接 单句写作
③I am writing to ask for information in/with reference to what kinds of traditional Chinese cultures appeal to foreigners most. (求助信;2021·全国甲卷)
我写信想了解关于什么样的中国传统文化最吸引外国人的相关信息。
[点津] refer的过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别为:referred、referred、referring。
2.base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础 n.底部;根据[based adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(特征)的 basic adj.基本的;基础的 basis n.准则;方式;基础 basically adv.从根本上说;基本上]
佳句背诵
The play is based on a love story between Niulang,an ordinary boy on earth and Zhinü,a weaving girl in Heaven. 该剧以人间一个普通男孩牛郎和天上织女之间的爱情故事为基础。
base...on/upon... 把……建立在……的基础上
be based on/upon... 以……为基础
on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期
on the basis of 在……的基础上
以练促学 单句语法填空/单句写作
①On the basis (base) of what you show,I firmly believe that you can be qualified for the position.
②Knowing that you are to visit a Chinese family this weekend,I am writing to inform you of some basic table manners.(建议信)
得知这个周末你要拜访中国家庭,我写信是想告诉你一些基本的餐桌礼仪。
教考衔接 单句写作
③Firstly,your grouping strategy is based on/upon randomness,rather than careful pairing where a weak student is grouped with a stronger one. (建议信;2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
首先,您的分组策略是基于随机性的,而不是仔细配对,将一个较弱的学生与一个较强的学生分在一组。
3.major adj.主要的;重要的;大的 n.主修课程;主修学生 vi.主修,专门研究
(majority n.大多数;大半)
佳句背诵
Inspired by the beauty of Chinese characters,I will major in calligraphy at university in the future.
受到汉字之美的启发,我将来会在大学里主修书法。
major in 主修……
a/the majority of 大多数
in a/the majority 占大多数
以练促学 单句语法填空/单句写作
①Students,feeling nervous before an exam are in a/the majority.
②Some people gave up halfway,but a/the majority of the participants made it to the finishing line. (报道)
有些人中途放弃了,但是大部分参赛者都成功跑到了终点。
教考衔接 单句写作
③China has experienced exceptional economic growth over the past decades.Its GDP has climbed sharply,and the country has become a major partner in global trade and investment. (现象介绍;2024·北京卷)
在过去的几十年里,中国经济经历了前所未有的增长。其GDP激增,中国已成为全球贸易和投资的主要伙伴。
4.means n.方式;方法;途径
佳句背诵
You’d better practice using chopsticks in advance,which is also a means of showing your good table manners. (建议信)
你最好事先练习用筷子,这也是展示你良好的餐桌礼仪的一种方式。
a means of 一种……的方法(means单复数同形)
by all means 可以;当然行;没问题
by means of 借助……手段;依靠……方法
by no means 绝不,无论如何也不,一点都不
(置于句首时,句子要部分倒装)
以练促学 单句语法填空/单句写作
①Ancient people recorded what had happened by means of carving varieties of symbols with specific meanings onto shells or bones.
②By no means can I improve my English without your generous help and guidance.
(倒装句)没有你的慷慨帮助和指导,我决不能提高我的英语水平。
教考衔接 单句写作
③As senior students,we can protect oceans in our own way.First,try every means to fight against global warming,which has become a great threat to sea creatures. (短文投稿;2022·全国甲卷)
作为高中生,我们可以用自己的方式保护海洋。首先,尽一切办法与全球变暖作斗争,全球变暖已经成为对海洋生物的巨大威胁。
片段巩固 用refer;base;major;means完成活动介绍的片段
活动介绍之写作提示:我们基于清代主要绘画大师创建了一个演示文稿→参考了各种历史文献→使用其作品作为介绍他们的一种手段→老师强调项目应该基于准确的事实→帮助我们理解可靠来源的重要性 We created a presentation based on major characters in drawing during the Qing Dynasty.We referred to various historical texts and employed their works as a means to better introduce them.Our teacher emphasized that our project should be grounded in accurate facts,helping us understand the importance of reliable sources.
5.appreciate vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会 vi.增值
(appreciation n.欣赏;感激;感谢 appreciative adj.感激的;欣赏的)
佳句背诵
I would really appreciate your replying to me at your earliest convenience.
如果你能尽早回复我,我将非常感激。
appreciate (one’s) doing sth 喜欢/感激(某人)做某事
I would appreciate it if... 如果……我将不胜感激。
express/convey one’s appreciation 表达某人的感激之情
以练促学 单句语法填空/单句写作
①I’m writing to convey my appreciation (appreciate) for what you have done for me during my stay in London. (感谢信)
②I would appreciate it if you could give me some practical advice on how to improve my oral English. (求助信)
如果你能给我一些关于如何提高我的英语口语的实用建议,我将非常感激。
教考衔接 单句写作
③This outdoor art class not only allowed me to appreciate the natural beauty around us but also taught me to see ordinary things with a new perspective. (活动介绍;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
这次户外美术课不仅让我欣赏到了周围的自然之美,还教会了我用新的视角看待普通的事物。
6.struggle n.& vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗
佳句背诵
Weak as she was,she struggled to her feet,continuing searching for assistance. (动作描写)
尽管很虚弱,她挣扎着站起来,继续寻找帮助。
struggle for... 为……而斗争/奋斗
struggle with/against sb/sth 与某人/某事做斗争
struggle to do sth 努力做某事
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
it is a struggle (for sb) to do sth (对于某人而言)做某事真是难事
以练促学 单句语法填空/单句写作
①I am struggling to understand (understand) the complex characters in this book and could you help me to interpret them
②It is a struggle for him to choose the right words that accurately reflect his intended meaning. (语言学习)
对他来说,选择能够准确传递他想要表达的意思的词语是很困难的。
教考衔接 单句写作
③Still,she made no attempt to fly.Perhaps she had been struggling with/against the window too long and was too tired Or too thirsty (动作描写;2023·浙江1月卷)
然而,她并没有尝试飞走。也许是因为她已经在窗户上挣扎太久而累了 或者是太渴了
7.equal n.同等的人;相等物 adj.相同的;同样的;平等的;相当的;能胜任的 vt.与……相等,等于;比得上(equality n.平等;相等 equally adv.同样地;相等地;平均地)
佳句背诵
I am convinced that I am equal to being a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition. (申请信)
我确信我能胜任做这个中国绘画展的志愿者。
be without equal=have no equal 无与伦比
be equal to sth/doing sth 等于/胜任(做)某事
equal sb/sth in (doing) sth 在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物
以练促学 一句多译
①在我看来,他在打篮球方面是无与伦比的。
→From my point of view,he is without equal in playing basketball.
→From my point of view,he has no equal in playing basketball.
→From my point of view,no one is equal him in playing basketball.
教考衔接 单句写作
②More importantly,it guarantees that students with varying communication abilities have equal opportunities/chances to develop their language skills. (建议信;2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
更重要的是,它确保具有不同交流能力的学生有平等的机会来发展他们的语言技巧。
8.demand n.需求;要求 vt.强烈要求;需要 vi.查问(demanding adj.苛求的;要求高的)
佳句背诵
As new members are in demand in our basketball club,I’m writing to invite you to join it. (邀请信)
由于我们的篮球俱乐部需要新成员,我写信是想邀请你加入。
be in (great) demand 需求量大
meet/satisfy one’s demand(s) 满足某人的需求
demand to do sth 要求做某事
demand that...要求……(从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略)
以练促学 单句语法填空/单句写作
①The demanding (demand) teacher expects all assignments to be submitted on time and perfectly done.
②To meet/satisfy my demands,my uncle demanded that my father and I keep to the track in case we could get lost.
为了满足我的需求,我叔叔要求我和父亲顺着这条道走,以防迷路。
教考衔接 单句写作
③Because picking apples involved climbing trees,the farmers demanded that we (should) be cautious and careful. (活动介绍;2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
因为摘苹果需要爬树,农民们要求我们谨慎小心。
片段巩固 用appreciate;struggle;equal;demand完成人物描写的片段
续写训练之情节线:丽莎感到不知所措→她要努力按时完成她的项目→老师的要求很高→她觉得自己难以胜任→朋友们伸出援手→感激他们的支持→丽莎设法完成了她的项目 Lisa felt overwhelmed as she struggled to complete her project on time.Her teachers’demands were high,and she didn’t feel equal to the task.However,her friends stepped in to help,and she appreciated their support.With their assistance,Lisa managed to finish her project.
1.regard /r ɡɑ d/ n.尊重(生义);关注;问候
(生义) vt.把……视为;看待
①Many people regard her as the best musician of our time due to her outstanding performances. vt.把……视为;看待
②I have a very high regard for him and what he has achieved. n.尊重
③Please give my regards to your parents. n.问候
④He showed great regard for the environment by recycling and conserving water regularly. n.关注
2.relate to与……相关;涉及;谈到;理解(生义)
①Many adults can’t relate to children. 理解
②The second paragraph relates to the situation in Scotland. 谈到
③I’d like to share with you some details which relate to Chinese table manners. 与……相关;涉及
3.character / k r kt (r)/ n.文字;符号;角色;品质(生义);特点(生义)
①The Chinese language has thousands of unique characters,each with its own meaning and pronunciation. n.文字
②The password must include at least one special character,such as an exclamation mark(感叹号). n.符号
③Each region of the country has its own distinct character,reflected in its culture and traditions. n.特点
④The character of a true friend includes loyalty,kindness,and support. n.品质
⑤The character of Harry Potter is beloved by millions of fans around the world. n.角色
4.major adj.主要的;重要的;大的 n.主修课程(生义);主修学生(生义) vi.主修;专门研究(生义)
①In fact,he inspires me to major in English in college,to be a bridge between China and the world. vi.主修;专门研究
②I love painting very much.I started learning painting at an early age and chose painting art and history as my major in college. n.主修课程
③Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) adj.主要的
④As an engineering major,he spends a lot of time in the lab working on various projects. n.主修学生
5.native adj.出生地的;本地的;土著的 n.本地人
Lisa is a native① of Australia,born and raised in Sydney.As a native② English speaker,she helps her friends improve their language skills.On weekends,she enjoys visiting native③ markets where she buys fresh produce from local farmers.Lisa also loves learning about the native④ traditions of the Aboriginal people,who are the original inhabitants of Australia.①n.本地人 ②adj.出生地的 ③本地的 ④土著的
6.classic adj.传统的;最优秀的;典型的 n.经典作品;名著
The classic① novels we read in literature class are always interesting.Our teacher says that these books are considered the most excellent works because of their timeless stories and characters.She explains that a classic② example of bravery is seen in the book To Kill a Mockingbird.After class,I enjoy watching a movie,which is a classic③ from the 1950s,appreciating its historical value.①adj.传统的;最优秀的 ②adj.典型的 ③n.经典作品;名著
7.tongue n.舌头;语言(生义)
During the biology lesson,we learned that the tongue① helps us taste food and speak clearly.Later in the language class,we discussed how the word tongue can also mean a language.For example,English is my native tongue②.It was interesting to see how one word can have two different meanings. ①n.舌头 ②n.语言
1.句型公式:be+of+抽象名词
课本原句:That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.这一书写体系对于中国人民和中国文化的统一具有重要意义。
佳句背诵
From my point of view,keeping the balance between online learning and our life is of great importance. (发言稿;2021·全国乙卷)
在我看来,保持在线学习和我们生活的平衡非常重要。
“be of+抽象名词”相当于“be+形容词”,这一结构可以说明主语的性质。常见的抽象名词有importance、value、use、help、benefit、significance等,这些名词可用great、little、some、any、no、not、much等修饰,用以说明程度。
以练促学 同义句转换/单句写作
①The majority of students consider that watching English movie is beneficial to their English learning.
→The majority of students consider that watching English movie is of benefit to their English learning.
②The advice you gave us proved to be of great value/greatly valuable,without which we couldn’t have achieved our dreams. (感谢信)
你给我们的建议证明很有价值。没有它我们就不可能实现我们的梦想。
教考衔接 单句写作
③Furthermore,guzheng is of great significance to Chinese folk music,leading you to a fantastic world of music. (传统文化;2021·全国甲卷)
此外,古筝对中国民间音乐有着重要的意义,它将引领你进入一个奇妙的音乐世界。
④I hope these suggestions above will be of some help to you.Perhaps,we can meet in Beijing. (建议信;北京卷)
我希望以上这些建议能对你有所帮助。也许我们可以在北京见面。
2.句型公式: “no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句
课本原句:Even today,no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak,they can all still communicate in writing.
即使在今天,不论住在哪里,也不论说何种方言,中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
佳句背诵
Whenever/No matter when you need help,I sincerely hope that you can get in touch with me without hesitation. (建议信)
无论你何时需要帮助,我真诚地希望你能毫不犹豫地联系我。
no matter where/what在句中引导让步状语从句。
(1)“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导名词性从句。
(2)whatever、whoever、whichever、whomever 既可引导名词性从句,也可引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
以练促学 单句写作
①I learned from the experience that whatever/no matter what difficulties we meet,we should try our best to solve them. (主旨升华)
我从这次经历中了解到,无论遇到什么困难,我们都应该努力解决。
②Whoever/No matter who finds the missing keys to the laboratory should immediately hand it in to Mr.Johnson,our science teacher. (寻物启事)
谁如果找到了实验室的丢失钥匙,请立即交给我们的科学老师约翰逊先生。
教考衔接 单句写作
③Whenever/No matter when I see the photo,I think of the cold,wet and unforgettable evening when a stranger offered his trust and kindness to me! (主旨升华;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
无论什么时候我看到这张照片,我就会想起那个寒冷、潮湿而又令人难忘的夜晚,一位陌生人给予我信任和善意!
维度一 单元知识运用
1.The majority (major) of experts agree that regular exercise contributes significantly to mental health.
2.Often working late into the night,he struggles to find (find) a balance between work and personal life.
3.Only a few students feel equal to giving (give) a presentation in front of the entire school,as it requires a lot of courage and preparation.
4.Parents demand to have (have) a more active role in the development of the school’s curriculum to better reflect their children’s needs.
5.His contribution is of great significance (significant) in advancing our understanding of environmental science.
6.Wherever life takes you,always remember the lessons learned and friendships forged during your school years.
7.For further details on the science project,please refer to the guidelines provided in the student handbook.
8.The novel is based on/upon a true story from the author’s own experiences during the war.
9.The teacher explained complex physics concepts by means of simple experiments and visual aids.
10.I would appreciate it if you could confirm your attendance at the conference by next week.
维度二 单元知识拾遗
1.Her positive attitude to/towards overcoming challenges inspired everyone in her class.
她克服挑战的积极态度激励了班上的每一个人。
2.Every career has its ups and downs,but persistence will lead to success.
每一份职业都有其浮沉,但坚持会带来成功。
3.The tradition of celebrating this festival dates from/back to ancient times.
庆祝这个节日的传统可以追溯到古代。
4.There are various varieties of flowers displayed at the botanical garden.
植物园展出了各种各样的花。
5.The child begged his parents to buy him a new bicycle for his birthday.
孩子恳求他的父母在他生日那天给他买一辆新自行车。
6.He has a vocabulary of over 10,000 words,which makes him an excellent writer.
他有超过10,000个词汇量,这使得他成为一名出色的作家。
7.The beauty of the sunset at the beach was beyond description.
海滩上日落的美景无法形容。
8.When I was a little girl,I used to go fishing with my grandfather.
当我还是个小女孩的时候,我经常和我的爷爷去钓鱼。
维度三 单元话题写作(建议信——语言学习)
假定你在某外语学习交流网站看到很多外国友人发帖,寻求提高汉语的建议。请你写一篇帖文,提出一些实用的建议。
第一步 根据单元知识写美句
1.对于那些觉得学好中文是件难事的人,我的建议可能有所帮助。 (struggle;定语从句)
As for those who find it a struggle to learn Chinese well,my advice may be helpful.
2.正如其他的语言学习一样,学习汉语也需要练习。 (demand;定语从句)
As is always the case with other language learning,learning Chinese also demands practice.
3.阅读与汉语相关的书籍至关重要。 (be+of+抽象名词;relate to)
It’s of great importance to read books that relate to Chinese.
4.多和当地人交流。因为你与当地人用汉语交流得越多,你就会说得越流利。(native;because引导表语从句;the more...the more...)
Communicate more with the natives.That is because the more you communicate with the natives in Chinese,the more fluently you will speak.
5.除此之外,同样重要的是看一些中文电影或电视节目。(equally;表语放于句首的倒装句)
Aside from that,equally important is to watch some Chinese films or TV programs.
6.无论学习汉语有什么困难,都要有积极的态度。 (attitude;no matter what)
Take a positive attitude no matter what trouble you may have learning Chinese.
第二步 连句成篇创佳作
【参考范文】
As for those who find it a struggle to learn Chinese well,my advice may be helpful.
As is always the case with other language learning,learning Chinese also demands practice.Firstly,it’s of great importance to read books that relate to Chinese.Moreover,communicate more with the natives.That is because the more you communicate with the natives in Chinese,the more fluently you will speak.Aside from that,equally important is to watch some Chinese films or TV programs.Last but not least,take a positive attitude no matter what trouble you may have learning Chinese.
Anticipating your comments.
对应学生用书P60
Part Ⅰ 续写能力提升
1.语料积累
单 词 fascinating adj.迷人的 demanding adj.要求高的 gradually adv.渐渐地 patiently adv.耐心地 slowly adv.慢慢地 journey n.旅程 challenge n.挑战 reward n.回报 determination n.决心 passion n.热情 success n.成功 communicate v.交流 improve v.提高 master v.掌握 struggle v.奋斗 practice v.练习
词 块 both challenging and rewarding 既充满挑战又收获颇丰 unfamiliar words 陌生的单词 grammar rules语法规则 give up放弃 communicate with native speakers 与母语人士交流 language learning journey 语言学习之旅 overcome challenges 克服挑战 gain rewards 获得回报 practice regularly 经常练习 expand vocabulary 扩充词汇 understand grammar 理解语法
靓 句 1.Gradually,my determination paid off. 渐渐地,我的决心得到了回报。 2.The real success was when I could finally watch a French movie and understand most of it. 真正的成功是当我终于能看一部法语电影并理解大部分内容的时候。 3.This experience taught me that with determination and passion,mastering a new language is possible. 这次经历告诉我,只要有决心和热情,掌握一门新语言是可能的。
2.场景片段训练(语言学习的历程:既充满挑战又收获颇丰)
I started a language learning journey that was ①both challenging and rewarding (既充满挑战又收获颇丰的).②My interest in French (我对法语的兴趣) began in a classroom filled with posters of Paris and the sound of unfamiliar words.I remember struggling with pronunciation and grammar rules,often mixing them up.However,③I never gave up (我从未放弃).I practiced daily,listened to French songs,and even ④tried communicating with native speakers (尝试与母语人士交流) online.Gradually,⑤my determination paid off (我的决心得到了回报).The real success was when I could finally watch a French movie and ⑥understand most of it (大部分都能理解).This experience taught me that with determination and passion,⑦mastering a new language is possible (掌握一门新语言是可能的).
Part Ⅱ 高考同源研探
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读D)
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds,from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages.But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking,five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago,the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals,such as “f” and “v”,were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods.Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich,Switzerland,has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐),making it hard to produce labiodentals,which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth.Later,our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构),making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period.Food became easier to chew at this point.The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age,with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings,but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran,a member of the research team.
真题再做
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了人类语音的发展与农业的发展及其所带来的饮食结构的变化有着密不可分的关系。
32.Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on
A.Its variety. B.Its distribution.
C.Its quantity. D.Its development.
答案 D [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Now a team of researchers...this trend arose.”可知,Dami n Blasi研究的是这种趋势形成的方式和原因。根据前文可知,this trend指的是30多年前学者查尔斯发现在吃较软食物的群体中唇齿音更常见。由此可推知,Dami n Blasi研究的是人类语音的发展,故选D项。]
33.Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A.They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B.They could not open and close their lips easily.
C.Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D.Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,他们发现古代成年人的上下门牙是对齐的,很难发出唇齿音,而唇齿音是由下唇接触上牙发出的。之后,我们下巴的结构变成了咬合结构,这让我们更容易发出这样的声音。由此可知,他们的下巴构造使他们很难发出唇齿音,故选C项。]
34.What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A.Supporting evidence for the research results.
B.Potential application of the research findings.
C.A further explanation of the research methods.
D.A reasonable doubt about the research process.
答案 A [段落大意题。根据第五段内容可知,对语言数据库的分析也证实,新石器时代之后,国际语言的发音发生了全球性的变化。第五段主要列举了一些可以使研究结果更令人信服的证据,故选A项。]
35.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A.It is key to effective communication.
B.It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C.It is a complex and dynamic system.
D.It drives the evolution of human beings.
答案 C [推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,Steven Moran认为:自从人类出现以来,我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定,今天我们发现的各种语音都是像生物变化和文化进化等事物相互作用的复杂产物。由此可推知,Steven Moran认为人类语音是一个复杂的动态系统,故选C项。]
思维建模
推理判断题——深层次的阅读理解题
解答该类题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容,在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁,透过字里行间去体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时,要据文推理、合情推理,不可脱离原文主观臆断。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括细节推理题、写作意图题、观点态度题和文章出处题或读者对象题等。
以例示法(如32题)
本题为细节推理题,根据第二段最后一句可知,Damián Blasi领导的研究小组已经发现了这种趋势是如何以及为什么会出现的。由此推断,他们的研究集中在语音的发展上,故选D项。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.2:note v.指出,特别提到;trend n.趋势;Para.5:confirm v.尤指提供证据来证实;global adj.全球的;Para.6:present adj.存在 Para.1:lead to导致;Para.3:touch sth to sth把某物贴着某物;Para.4:be connected with与……有关;at this point在这个时期;Para.6:the popular view普遍的观点;remain stable保持稳定;the huge variety of种类繁多的……
析 长 难 语 句 Para.2:More than 30 years ago,the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals,such as“f”and“v”,were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. [句式分析] 这是一个复合句。第一个that引导宾语从句,其中过去分词短语called labiodentals作speech sounds的后置定语;such as“f”and“v”为插入语,对labiodentals进行补充说明。第二个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词societies。 [尝试翻译] 30多年前,学者查尔斯·霍克特指出,被称为唇齿音的语音,如“f”和“v”,在吃较软食物的社会的语言中更为常见。 [语言赏析] 该句通过清晰的逻辑结构和简洁的写法,成功传达了查尔斯·霍克特关于唇齿音与社会饮食习惯之间关系的研究发现。举例说明增强了论述的说服力,而简洁明了的表达方式则使信息易于理解和接受。
课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·嘉兴高三模拟)
I have always been proud of my handwriting,a skill I was taught in grade school.The teacher was teaching us the Palmer Penmanship Method,drilling into us the importance of forming big flowing lines when we wrote g’s and s’s as well as beautiful f’s that in my mind were like fairy tale princesses wearing fancy hats while extending their right foot.We were strictly prohibited from using block letters on our homework,as they lack the beauty.
Now it becomes apparent that young people no longer learn cursive (草书).They type everything mostly on their phones.Beautiful handwriting is a thing of the past.This has become a source of great sadness among traditionalists.
But recently something happened that shook my faith in cursive.To my complete disbelief,not one but two of my close friends complained about the handwriting on my postcards.They were grateful for the beautiful postcards I regularly sent,but they said they honestly couldn’t read a thing I had written.One friend went so far as to ask if I could use block letters next time so that she could understand what I was writing.
Initially,I was angry.I had made the effort to cover an entire postcard with what I viewed as not just handwriting but calligraphy.But then I showed an English friend a postcard I’d just written,and he said that the only thing that was readily understandable was the letters “U.S.A.” The rest of it,he politely suggested,looked like “chicken scrawl”.
Looking at the postcard dispassionately,I unwillingly admit that he has a point.All the m’s and n’s run together,and the l’s look like t’s.The a’s are indistinguishable from the q’s.So,from now on,I’m taking their advice and using block letters to communicate.
In fact,I just now sent an old friend a postcard.But this time,I simply wrote—in big block letters:
DEAR ALICE:
HI.
JOE.
I hope she gets the message.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对自己的草书书法感到自豪。尽管作者的朋友们很欣赏草书的美,但看不懂作者手写的明信片。所以为了清晰起见,他决定改用印刷体。这一转变显示了传统书法的美感与实际易读性之间的斗争。
1.What do we know about the Palmer Penmanship Method
A.It is characterized by big flowing lines.
B.It is rarely appreciated by traditionalists.
C.It was not allowed in students’ homework.
D.It is viewed as a trend in handwriting styles.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第一段中“The teacher was teaching...while extending their right foot.”可知,帕尔默书法的特点是线条大而流畅,故选A项。]
2.What weakened the writer’s belief in cursive
A.The popularity of block letters in recent times.
B.The younger generation’s disinterest in cursive.
C.His friends’ failure to comprehend his postcards.
D.His English friend’s suggestion on postcard design.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第三段中“But recently something happened...a thing I had written.”可知,作者朋友们无法理解他的明信片削弱了作者对草书的信念,故选C项。]
3.Why did the writer switch to block letters for communication
A.To deliver his message clearly.
B.To improve his handwriting skills.
C.To win praise from his friends.
D.To show his passion for calligraphy.
答案 A [细节理解题。首先,锁定题干关键信息“switch to block letters for communication”;然后,利用定位法,回原文找到相关信息,即倒数第二段“So,from now on,I’m taking their advice and using block letters to communicate.”;最后,对号入座,题干中的switch to 在原文表述为using,题干中名词communication在原文中表述为动词communicate,故选A项。]
4.What is the text mainly about
A.The wide use of cursive.
B.The sad decline of cursive.
C.The value of preserving cursive.
D.The technique of writing in cursive.
答案 B [文章大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段“Now it becomes apparent...a source of great sadness among traditionalists.”可知,文章主要讲的是草书可悲的衰落,故选B项。]
(2025·佛山高三模拟)
Initial conversations can have a huge impact on how relationships develop over time.People are often stuck in the impressions they think they might have made the minute they finish speaking with someone for the first time:“Did they like me or were they just being polite ” “Were they deep in thought or deeply bored ”
To find out whether these worries are necessary,we have conducted nearly 10 years of research.In our studies,participants in the UK talked with someone they had never met before.Afterward,they were asked how much they liked their conversation partner and how much they believed that their conversation partner liked them.This allowed us to compare how much people believed they were liked to how much they were actually liked.
Time and time again,we found that people left their conversations with negative feelings about the impression they made.That is,people systematically underestimate how much their conversation partners like them and enjoy their company—a false belief we call the “liking gap”.
This bias (偏见) may seem like something that would occur only in initial interactions,but its effects extend far beyond a first impression.Surprisingly,the liking gap can constantly affect a variety of relationships,including interactions with coworkers,long after the initial conversations have taken place.Having a larger liking gap is associated with being less willing to ask workmates for help,less willing to provide workmates with open and honest feedback,and less willing to work on another project together.
There are numerous strategies to minimize your biased feelings.One place to start is shifting your focus of attention.Try to direct your attention to your conversation partner,be genuinely curious about them,ask them more questions,and really listen to their answers.The more you’re zeroed in on the other person,and the less you’re focused on yourself,the better your conversation will be and the less your mind will turn to all the things you think you didn’t do well.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是“好感认知差距”以及这种心态对人们社交关系的影响。
5.Why did the author carry out 10 years of research
A.To dismiss national concerns.
B.To check out a potential bias.
C.To enhance human communication.
D.To develop harmonious relationships.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第一段“Initial conversations...‘Were they deep in thought or deeply bored ’”以及第二段“To find out...nearly 10 years of research.”可知,作者进行10年的研究是为了找出潜在的偏见,故选B项。]
6.What is one effect of people’s liking gap
A.Fewer chances of new projects.
B.Underestimation of their ability.
C.Bad relationships with people around.
D.Low willingness to interact with others.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Having a larger liking gap...work on another project together.”可知,好感认知差距的一个影响是与他人互动的意愿低,故选D项。]
7.What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A.Restate opinions.
B.Deliver warnings.
C.Give suggestions.
D.Make a summary.
答案 C [推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are numerous strategies... you didn’t do well.”可知,作者在最后一段给出了减少偏见的建议,故选C项。]
8.Which might be the best title for the text
A.Liking Gap May Influence Work Performances
B.First Impressions Rely On Initial Conversations
C.People Probably Like You More Than You Think
D.How People Like You Matters Less Than You Assume
答案 C [标题归纳题。根据第三段“Time and time again...the ‘liking gap’.”结合文章主要说明了什么是“好感认知差距”以及这种心态对人们社交关系的影响,可知C选项“人们可能比你想象的更喜欢你”是文章的最佳标题,故选C项。]
(2025·吉林高三模拟三)
It wasn’t until after I graduated from college,and realized that there’s no such thing as all-encompassing (包罗万象的) knowledge,that I was able to read for pleasure.A sense of curiosity directed me and I started to see dictionaries as field guides to the life of language.Looking up words felt less like a failing than an admission that there are lots of things I don’t know and an opportunity to discover just how many.
I prize my 1954 copy of Webster’s New International Dictionary,Second Edition.I often consult it,during evening games of Scrabble or midday magazine reading.When I come across unfamiliar words while reading novels,I look them up.When I start encountering these words elsewhere,the linguistic (语言的) universe seems to shrink to the size of a small town.
Dictionaries heighten my senses:They direct my attention into a conversation with language.They make me wonder what other things I’m blind to because I haven’t taught myself to notice them yet.Recently spotted examples include “orrery”—a mechanical model,usually clockwork,devised to represent the motions of the moon and Earth (and sometimes also other planets) around the sun.The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) also tells me that the word comes from the fourth Earl of Orrery,for whom a copy of the first machine was made,around 1 700.Useful Obviously not.Satisfying Deeply.
Web browsers answer questions with more questions,opening up pages you never asked for.But a dictionary builds on common knowledge,using simple words to explain complex ones.Using one feels as if I’m prying open an oyster (蚝) rather than falling down a rabbit hole.Why leave solvable mysteries up to guesswork
For me,dictionaries are a door into that kind of uncalculated knowledge-seeking.They remind me that following your curiosity instead of brushing it aside is one of the best ways I know to feel connected to more than what’s right in front of you.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了词典的价值,作者认为它们是通往求知的一扇门。作者把词典看作语言生活的指南。通过查阅词典,作者发现自己对世界的了解不断加深,知识也不断丰富。
9.What can we know about the author
A.He merely read for fun before graduation.
B.He longed to learn about all knowledge.
C.He considered dictionaries chances of enrichment.
D.He admitted being a failure when learning languages.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Looking up words felt...an opportunity to discover just how many.”可知,作者认为查单词是承认自己有很多不知道的事情,是一次发现自己到底有多少不知道的事情的机会,即一次充实自我的机会,故选C项。]
10.Why does the author mention the example of “orrery” in paragraph 3
A.To introduce a word.
B.To indicate a finding.
C.To clarify a concept.
D.To support a statement.
答案 D [写作意图题。通读第三段可知,第一、二句陈述了作者对词典的观点,段中的“a mechanical model...around the sun”是对其前的orrery这一单词的解释,随后作者提到词典还告诉了自己关于这一单词的来源。所以,作者提到orrery这一单词是为了佐证自己的陈述,故选D项。]
11.What does the underlined part in paragraph 4 refer to
A.Encountering new problems.
B.Entering a different world.
C.Acquiring essential common sense.
D.Simplifying tough questions.
答案 A [词义猜测题。根据空前的rather than可知,画线短语与“prying open an oyster(蚝)”的意思相反;画线短语所在句中的one指代上文提到的a dictionary,所以“prying open an oyster(蚝)”指的是上文对词典的描述“using simple words to explain complex ones”,而画线短语则对应上文中对网页浏览器的描述“answer questions with more questions”,即网页浏览器会产生新的问题,故选A项。]
12.According to the passage,which of the following can best describe dictionaries
A.Jaw-dropping. B.Eye-opening.
C.Mind-numbing. D.Labour-saving.
答案 B [推理判断题。文章最后一段提到“对我来说,词典是一扇通向无法预测的求知的门”。结合第一段中的“Looking up words felt...an opportunity to discover just how many.”可知,查单词能让作者发现自己到底有多少不知道的事情。因此,作者认为词典可以让人大开眼界,故选B项。]
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·乐清知临中学高三模拟)
With the development of computers,increasing students type with a greater-than-ever reliance on them to take notes and write papers. 1 Some parents of younger students are dismayed that their children are not just encouraged but required to take laptops to class.Additionally,university professors complain of rampant (泛滥的) distraction in classrooms,with students reading and messaging instead of listening to lectures.
A line of research shows the benefits of an “innovation” that predates computers:handwriting. 2 It includes helping students recall a random series of words and grasp complicated concepts better.For rote (死记硬背) learning,from the shapes of letters to the irregularity of English spelling,the benefits of handwriting lie in how the motor and sensory memory of putting words on paper reinforces that material.
One of the best-demonstrated advantages of handwriting seems to be in superior note taking.In a study from 2014 by Pam Mueller and Danny Oppenheimer,students typing wrote down almost twice as many words and more passages word for word from lectures. 3 Instead,handwriting which takes longer for nearly all university-level students forces note takers to transform ideas into their own words. 4
Many studies have confirmed handwriting’s benefits,and policymakers have taken note. 5 In Sweden there is a push for more handwriting books and fewer devices.
Although nearly all will eventually need typing skills,in an age of typing,handwriting still matters.
A.Studies have found that handwriting can improve everything.
B.This aids conceptual understanding at the moment of writing.
C.But today a different debate is raging about the dangers of typing.
D.It suggested they didn’t understand the material so much as parrot (鹦鹉学舌) it.
E.However,several schools in America have gone so far to ban most laptops.
F.Especially,studies have found that writing on paper can better students’ performance.
G.For instance,about half the states in America have commanded more teaching of handwriting instruction.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了虽然越来越多的人用电脑打字,但手写仍有它的好处。
1.C [根据下文谈到的都是用笔记本电脑的坏处可知,该空需转折提出对于打字的争议,故选C项。]
2.F [根据上下文可知,该空讲的是手写的好处,代词It指代F项中的performance,且students为原词复现,故选F项。]
3.D [上文讲的是通过打字记笔记,而下文Instead后讲的是手写笔记,该空与上文为顺承关系,提出打字记笔记的结果,D项意思是:这表明他们并不是真正理解了材料,只是简单机械地重复了它。“so much as”在此处用作副词短语,可修饰动词,形容词或副词,用来强调所描绘的内容的程度。故选D项。]
4.B [上文讲的是手写笔记使得记笔记的人用自己的话来转换思想,该空与上文为顺承关系,讲的是上文那样做的好处,即有助于在写作时理解概念,故选B项。]
5.G [根据上文谈到政策制定者们都注意到了手写的好处,以及该空后的举例可知,该空也应该是推进手写的例子,故选G项。]
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.1:fancy adj.精致的,花哨的;Para.2:source n.来源;Para.4:initially adv.起初; Para.5:dispassionately adv.冷静地
B Para.1:initial adj.最初的;Para.3:negative adj.负面的;systematically adv.系统地; underestimate v.低估;Para.4:interaction n.互动;feedback n.反馈;Para.5:strategy n.策略
C Para.2:consult v.咨询,请教;查阅,查询;encounter v.遭遇,遇到;shrink v.缩小;减少; Para.3:obviously adv.显而易见地,明显地;Para.4:solvable adj.可解决的
熟词 生义 A Para.6:simply 熟义:adv.简单地;生义:adv.仅仅
C Para.2:prize 熟义:n.奖励;生义:v.珍视
词 块 积 累 A Para.1:be proud of以……为荣;Para.3:complain about抱怨;next time下次
B Para.1:over time随着时间的推移;be stuck in被困在;Para.3:time and time again一次又一次; Para.4:far beyond远远超出;a variety of各种;be willing to愿意;Para.5:zero in on集中全部注意力于
C Para.1:no such thing(某人或某物等)不存在;Para.2:come across(偶然)遇见,碰见,发现; Para.3:be blind to sth对某事物缺乏识别能力;Para.5:brush sth aside不理会,漠视
长 难 句 式 A Para.3:They were grateful for the beautiful postcards I regularly sent,but they said they honestly couldn’t read a thing I had written. [分析] 这是一个并列复合句。连词but连接两个并列句。在第一个并列句中定语从句I regularly sent修饰先行词postcards;在第二个并列句中they honestly couldn’t read a thing作动词said的宾语;定语从句I had written修饰先行词thing。 [译文] 他们很感激我定期寄送的美丽的明信片,但他们说他们真的看不懂我写的任何话。
B Para.3:That is,people systematically underestimate how much their conversation partners like them and enjoy their company—a false belief we call the“liking gap”. [分析] 这是一个复合句。how much引导从句作动词underestimate的宾语;破折号后的a false belief we call the“liking gap”作同位语解释前面的内容;定语从句we call the“liking gap”修饰先行词belief。 [译文] 也就是说,人们系统地低估了对话伙伴对他们的喜欢程度以及享受他们陪伴的程度——我们称之为“好感认知差距”的错误观念。(共173张PPT)
UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
必修第一册
单元词句识记
内
容
索
引
单元默写检测
核心知识突破
关键能力考查
读写素养培优
课时作业
单 元 词 句 识 记
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.billion num. 十亿
2.bone n. 骨头；骨(质)
3.shell n. 壳；壳状物
4.carve vt.& vi. 雕刻
5.dynasty n. 王朝；朝代
6.calligraphy n. 书法；书法艺术
7.semester n. 学期
8.petrol n.(NAmE gas) 汽油
9.subway n.(BrE underground) 地铁
10.apartment n.(especially NAmE) 公寓套房
11.pants n.[pl.](BrE) 内裤；短裤；裤子
12.gap n. 间隔；开口；差距
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.a native of London 一位伦敦的本地人
2.the positive attitude 积极的态度
3.the education system 教育体系
4.despite all her efforts 尽管她竭尽全力
5.the key factor 关键的因素
6.the symbol of freedom 自由的象征
7.the regional dialect 地方方言
8.means of communication 交流方式
9.regard me as a child 把我当成小孩
10.the main character 主角
11.global affairs 全球事务
12.specific needs 特定的需求
13.a fierce struggle 激烈的搏斗
14.the mother tongue 本国语言
15.a begging letter 求援信
16.English vocabulary 英语词汇
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.refer vi. 提到；参考；查阅 vt. 查询；叫……求助于
reference n. 指称关系；参考
2.base vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础 n. 底部；根据
based adj. 以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的
basic adj. 基本的；基础的
basically adv. 从根本上说
basis n. 准则；方式；基础
3.variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化
vary v. 不同；变化；改变
various adj. 不同的；各种各样的
4.major adj. 主要的；重要的；大的
n. 主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究
majority n. 大多数；大半
5.classic adj. 传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n. 经典作品；名著
classical adj. 古典的；经典的；传统的
6.global adj. 全球的；全世界的
globe n. 球体；地球仪；地球
globally adv. 全球地
7.appreciate vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值
appreciation n. 欣赏；感激；感谢
8.equal n. 同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的
equality n. 平等；相等
equally adv. 同样地；相等地；平均地
9.demand n. 要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问
demanding adj. 苛求的；要求高的；费力的
10.description n. 描写(文字)；形容
describe vt. 描述
11.relate vt. 联系；讲述
related adj. 有关系的；有关联的
relation n. 关系；亲属
relative n. 亲戚；同类事物 adj.相对的
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到
2.refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅
3.date back (to...) 追溯到
4.play a(n)...role in 起着……的作用
5.feel like 感觉像
6.lead to 导致
7.used to 过去常常
8.be connected with 和……有联系
9.point of view 观点；看法
10.ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.Over the years，the system developed into different forms，as it was a time when people were divided geographically，leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.(when引导定语从句)
在随后的年代里，这一体系发展成了不同的形式，这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔，从而导致不同的方言和汉字变体的产生。
2.That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.(be＋of＋抽象名词)
这一书写体系对于中国人民和中国文化的统一具有重要意义。
3.Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.
(“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句)
即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
4.The more I learnt of a language，the more my brain would grow.(the more...the more...)
我对一门语言学得越多，我的智力就增长得越快。
5.When I started studying German，it was a struggle.The words felt strange on my tongue，and the grammar would not stay in my head.(心理描写)
当我开始学习德语时，那真是一场挣扎。单词在舌尖里说不出来，感觉很奇怪，语法也无法往脑子里记。
构词法日积月累
词尾为-ic的形容词变副词
加-ally basic基本的;根本的→basically基本上;根本上
specific具体的→specifically具体地
systematic系统的→systematically系统地
automatic自动的→automatically自动地
enthusiastic热情的→enthusiastically热情地
scientific科学的→scientifically科学地
symbolic象征性的→symbolically象征性地
特殊变化 public公开的→publicly公众地
单 元 默 写 检 测
Step One 写一写
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.a billion dollars ____________美元
2.remove the bones 剔除____________
3.collect shells 收集____________
4.carve the wood ____________木头
5.the Tang Dynasty 唐____________
十亿
骨头
贝壳
雕刻
朝
6.practise calligraphy 练习____________
7.the spring semester 春季____________
8.the petrol station 加____________站
9.take the subway 乘____________
10.a one－bedroom apartment 一居室的____________
11.a pair of pants 一条____________
12.the gap between rich and poor 贫富之间的____________
书法
学期
油
地铁
公寓
裤子
差距
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.____________ adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的 n.本地人
2.____________ n.态度；看法
3.____________ n.体系；制度；系统
4.____________ prep.即使；尽管
5.____________ n.因素；要素
6.____________ n.符号；象征
7.____________ n.地方话；方言
native
attitude
system
despite
factor
symbol
dialect
8.____________ n.方式；方法；途径
9.____________ n.尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待
10.____________ n.文字；符号；角色；品质；特点
11.____________ n.公共事务；事件；关系
12.____________ adj.特定的；明确的；具体的
13.____________ n.& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗
14.____________ n.舌头；语言
15.____________ n.词汇
means
regard
character
affair
specific
struggle
tongue
vocabulary
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.____________ vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于→____________ n.指称关系；参考
2.____________ vt.以……为据点；以……为基础 n.底部；根据→____________ adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的→____________ adj.基本的；基础的→____________ adv.从根本上说→____________ n.准则；方式；基础
refer
reference
base
based
basic
basically
basis
3.____________ v.不同；变化；改变→__________ n.(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→____________ adj.不同的；各种各样的
4.____________ adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n.主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究→__________ n.大多数；大半
5.____________ adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n.经典作品；名著→____________ adj.古典的；经典的；传统的
6.____________ n.球体；地球仪；地球→________ adj.全球的；全世界的→__________ adv.全球地
vary
variety
various
major
majority
classic
classical
globe
global
globally
7.____________ vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值→____________ n.欣赏；感激；感谢
8.____________ n.同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的→__________ n.平等；相等→__________ adv.同样地；相等地；平均地
9.____________ n.要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问→____________ adj.苛求的；要求高的；费力的
appreciate
appreciation
equal
equality
equally
demand
demanding
10.____________ vt.描述→____________ n.描写(文字)；形容
11.____________ vt.联系；讲述→____________ adj.有关系的；有关联的→____________ n.关系；亲属→____________ n.亲戚；同类事物 adj.相对的
describe
description
relate
related
relation
relative
Ⅳ.短语互译
1.________________指的是；描述；提到；查阅
2.________________追溯到
3.________________起着……的作用
4.________________导致
5.relate to ______________________
6.ups and downs ________________
7.point of view ________________
8.be connected with ________________
refer to
date back (to...)
play a(n)...role in
lead to
与……相关;涉及;谈到
浮沉;兴衰;荣辱
观点;看法
和……有联系
Ⅴ.句式仿写
1.句型公式：when引导定语从句
It was a time _________________________________ every afternoon to share stories and discuss our favorite books.(动作描写)
那是一个时期，我们每天下午都会聚集，分享故事并讨论我们最喜欢的书籍。
when we would gather
2.句型公式：be＋of＋抽象名词
__________________________________ for students to participate in extracurricular activities as they help in building team spirit.
(建议信)
学生参加课外活动非常重要，因为它们有助于培养团队精神。
It is of great importance
3.句型公式：“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句
______________________________ you find yourself in the world，it’s essential to respect local customs and traditions.(建议信)
无论你身在何处，尊重当地的习俗和传统是很重要的。
4.句型公式：the more...the more...“越……就越……”
_____________________ about history，_______________________ the complexity of modern society.
我读的历史越多，就越能理解现代社会的复杂性。
No matter where
The more I read
the more I understand
Step Two 练一练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The idea was to modernise various aspects of the house without changing its essential __________(特点).
2.____________ (尽管) the fact that her doctor had told her to rest，she went to Spain.
3.Police said there were no signs of a ____________ (搏斗) at the murder scene.
character
Despite
struggle
4.Homework should not be used as a __________ (手段) of controlling children.
5.As for teenagers like us，we should always hold a positive a____________ towards life even if the cruel reality can sometimes ruin our dreams.
6.The play was hard to understand when the characters spoke in d____________.
means
ttitude
ialect
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.She is more than glad to learn that the ____________ (major) of the students are interested in her class.
2.Men and women must be treated ____________ (equal) in education and employment.
3.He made the whole speech without __________ (refer) to the notes in front of him.
majority
equally
referring
4.It was a challenging and ____________ (demand) job，but anyhow we managed to handle it with joint efforts.
5.I would like to express my ____________ (appreciate) to those who always give me timely help and encouragement when I’m in trouble.
6.Well，____________ (basic) it is a matter of filling in a few forms.
demanding
appreciation
basically
Ⅲ.短语填空
point of view；ups and downs；relate to；date back to；refer to
1.On top of the mountain stands an ancient temple which ________________ the Tang Dynasty.
2.From my ________________，we should learn to appreciate life and hold a positive attitude despite the ________________ we may encounter.
dates back to
point of view
ups and downs
3.If you want to win the speech contest，you’d better prepare for it well in advance and not ________________ your notes too often.
4.To make your news report truthful and convincing，make sure that your information __________ something that has recently happened.
refer to
relates to
Ⅳ.串记练习
阅读下面新情景，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As we all know，English is referred to as an international language，1.______________ (wide) used in global affairs.No matter 2._______ kind of English people are speaking，native speakers have no trouble 3.________________ (understand) the words like “petrol”，“subway”，“apartment”，“pants”，“semester” and other words
widely
what
understanding
despite the small differences in vocabulary.However，Chinese，which is increasingly popular around the world，is regarded as the most 4.____________ (demand) language，especially for non－native learners.Firstly，even the commonly－used mandarin in China is hard enough to learn，let alone 5.____________ (variety) of dialects. Secondly，Chinese characters are abstract symbols for them.The writing system，dating back to the Shang Dynasty when people carved something with specific meanings 6._______________ bones or
demanding
varieties
on
shells，is like strange pictures.However，based on the common 7.____________ (appreciate) of these characters，some classic works are still read now and by this means we can know more about the ups and downs in ancient times.Besides，calligraphy is also an art form closely 8._______________ (relate) to Chinese culture.9.____________ (bridge) the gap between cultures，the two languages both play an equally important role，for 10.____________ we should work hard on it，especially as students.
appreciation
related/relating
To bridge
which
核 心 知 识 突 破
No.1 热考词汇
No.3写作迁移
No.2 一词多义/熟词生义
1.refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于(reference n.指称关系；参考；提及，涉及；参考书目)
佳句背诵
Obviously，it is highly recommended to refer to Xinhua Dictionary when you come across a challenging Chinese character.(建议信)
显然，当你遇到一个有挑战性的汉字时，强烈建议你参考新华字典。
refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅
refer...to... 把……送交给……；让(人)参考……
refer to...as... 把……称作……
in/with reference to 关于
以练促学 单句语法填空/单句写作
①As the situation was unusual，he referred the matter ____________ the editor.
②Generally，the paper-cuts are used to decorate doors and windows，and thus sometimes __________________________________ Window Flower/Chuanghua.(传统文化)
剪纸通常用于装饰门窗，因此有时被称为窗花。
to
they are referred to as
教考衔接 单句写作
③I am writing to ask for information __________________________
what kinds of traditional Chinese cultures appeal to foreigners most.
(求助信；2021·全国甲卷)我写信想了解关于什么样的中国传统文化最吸引外国人的相关信息。
[点津] refer的过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别为：referred、referred、referring。
in/with reference to
2.base vt.以……为据点；以……为基础 n.底部；根据[based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(特征)的 basic adj.基本的；基础的 basis n.准则；方式；基础 basically adv.从根本上说；基本上]
佳句背诵
The play is based on a love story between Niulang，an ordinary boy on earth and Zhinü，a weaving girl in Heaven.
该剧以人间一个普通男孩牛郎和天上织女之间的爱情故事为基础。
base...on/upon... 把……建立在……的基础上
be based on/upon... 以……为基础
on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期
on the basis of 在……的基础上
以练促学 单句语法填空/单句写作
①On the ____________ (base) of what you show，I firmly believe that you can be qualified for the position.
②Knowing that you are to visit a Chinese family this weekend，I am writing to inform you of ______________________________.(建议信)
得知这个周末你要拜访中国家庭，我写信是想告诉你一些基本的餐桌礼仪。
basis
some basic table manners
教考衔接 单句写作
③Firstly，your grouping strategy ______________________________，rather than careful pairing where a weak student is grouped with a stronger one.(建议信；2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
首先，您的分组策略是基于随机性的，而不是仔细配对，将一个较弱的学生与一个较强的学生分在一组。
is based on/upon randomness
3.major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n.主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修，专门研究 (majority n.大多数；大半)
佳句背诵
Inspired by the beauty of Chinese characters，I will major in calligraphy at university in the future.
受到汉字之美的启发，我将来会在大学里主修书法。
major in 主修……
a/the majority of 大多数
in a/the majority 占大多数
以练促学 单句语法填空/单句写作
①Students，feeling nervous before an exam are in ____________ majority.
②Some people gave up halfway,but _____________________________
made it to the finishing line.(报道)
有些人中途放弃了，但是大部分参赛者都成功跑到了终点。
a/the
a/the majority of the participants
教考衔接 单句写作
③China has experienced exceptional economic growth over the past decades.Its GDP has climbed sharply，and the country _______________________________ in global trade and investment.
(现象介绍；2024·北京卷)
在过去的几十年里，中国经济经历了前所未有的增长。其GDP激增，中国已成为全球贸易和投资的主要伙伴。
has become a major partner
4.means n.方式；方法；途径
佳句背诵
You’d better practice using chopsticks in advance，which is also a means of showing your good table manners.(建议信)
你最好事先练习用筷子，这也是展示你良好的餐桌礼仪的一种方式。
a means of 一种……的方法(means单复数同形)
by all means 可以；当然行；没问题
by means of 借助……手段；依靠……方法
by no means 绝不，无论如何也不，一点都不
(置于句首时，句子要部分倒装)
以练促学 单句语法填空/单句写作
①Ancient people recorded what had happened ____________ means of carving varieties of symbols with specific meanings onto shells or bones.
②________________________________________________________
without your generous help and guidance.(倒装句)
没有你的慷慨帮助和指导，我决不能提高我的英语水平。
by
By no means can I improve my English
教考衔接 单句写作
③As senior students，we can protect oceans in our own way.First，_________________________________________________________，
which has become a great threat to sea creatures.
(短文投稿；2022·全国甲卷)
作为高中生，我们可以用自己的方式保护海洋。首先，尽一切办法与全球变暖作斗争，全球变暖已经成为对海洋生物的巨大威胁。
try every means to fight against global warming
片段巩固 用refer；base；major；means完成活动介绍的片段
活动介绍之写作提示：我们基于清代主要绘画大师创建了一个演示文稿→参考了各种历史文献→使用其作品作为介绍他们的一种手段→老师强调项目应该基于准确的事实→帮助我们理解可靠来源的重要性
We created a presentation based on major characters in drawing during the Qing Dynasty.We referred to various historical texts and employed their works as a means to better introduce them.Our teacher emphasized that our project should be grounded in accurate facts,helping us understand the importance of reliable sources.
5.appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值(appreciation n.欣赏；感激；感谢 appreciative adj.感激的；欣赏的)
佳句背诵
I would really appreciate your replying to me at your earliest convenience.
如果你能尽早回复我，我将非常感激。
appreciate (one’s) doing sth 喜欢/感激(某人)做某事
I would appreciate it if... 如果……我将不胜感激。
express/convey one’s appreciation 表达某人的感激之情
以练促学 单句语法填空/单句写作
①I’m writing to convey my ____________ (appreciate) for what you have done for me during my stay in London.(感谢信)
②_________________________________________________________
on how to improve my oral English.(求助信)
如果你能给我一些关于如何提高我的英语口语的实用建议，我将非常感激。
appreciation
I would appreciate it if you could give me some practical advice
教考衔接 单句写作
③This outdoor art class not only allowed me to __________________
__________________ around us but also taught me to see ordinary things with a new perspective.(活动介绍；2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
这次户外美术课不仅让我欣赏到了周围的自然之美，还教会了我用新的视角看待普通的事物。
appreciate the
natural beauty
6.struggle n.& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗
佳句背诵
Weak as she was，she struggled to her feet，continuing searching for assistance.(动作描写)
尽管很虚弱，她挣扎着站起来，继续寻找帮助。
struggle for... 为……而斗争/奋斗
struggle with/against sb/sth 与某人/某事做斗争
struggle to do sth 努力做某事
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
it is a struggle (for sb) to do sth (对于某人而言)做某事真是难事
以练促学 单句语法填空/单句写作
①I am struggling ____________ (understand) the complex characters in this book and could you help me to interpret them
②_________________________________________________________
that accurately reflect his intended meaning.(语言学习)
对他来说，选择能够准确传递他想要表达的意思的词语是很困难的。
to understand
It is a struggle for him to choose the right words
教考衔接 单句写作
③Still，she made no attempt to fly.Perhaps _____________________
________________________ too long and was too tired Or too thirsty？
(动作描写；2023·浙江1月卷)
然而，她并没有尝试飞走。也许是因为她已经在窗户上挣扎太久而累了？或者是太渴了？
she had been struggling
with/against the window
7.equal n.同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的；平等的；相当的；能胜任的 vt.与……相等，等于；比得上(equality n.平等；相等 equally adv.同样地；相等地；平均地)
佳句背诵
I am convinced that I am equal to being a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition.(申请信)
我确信我能胜任做这个中国绘画展的志愿者。
be without equal＝have no equal 无与伦比
be equal to sth/doing sth 等于/胜任(做)某事
equal sb/sth in (doing) sth 在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物
以练促学 一句多译
①在我看来，他在打篮球方面是无与伦比的。
→From my point of view，he ________________________________
in playing basketball.
→From my point of view，he ________________________________
in playing basketball.
→From my point of view，no one ____________________________
in playing basketball.
is without equal
has no equal
is equal him
教考衔接 单句写作
②More importantly，it guarantees that students with varying communication abilities ____________________________________
_________________________________.(建议信；2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
更重要的是，它确保具有不同交流能力的学生有平等的机会来发展他们的语言技巧。
have equal opportunities/chances
to develop their language skills
8.demand n.需求；要求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问(demanding adj.苛求的；要求高的)
佳句背诵
As new members are in demand in our basketball club，I’m writing to invite you to join it.(邀请信)
由于我们的篮球俱乐部需要新成员，我写信是想邀请你加入。
be in (great) demand 需求量大
meet/satisfy one’s demand(s) 满足某人的需求
demand to do sth 要求做某事
demand that...要求……(从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略)
以练促学 单句语法填空/单句写作
①The ____________ (demand) teacher expects all assignments to be submitted on time and perfectly done.
②________________________________，my uncle demanded that
___________________________________ in case we could get lost.
为了满足我的需求，我叔叔要求我和父亲顺着这条道走，以防迷路。
demanding
To meet/satisfy my demands
my father and I keep to the track
教考衔接 单句写作
③Because picking apples involved climbing trees，the farmers demanded that ______________________________________________.
(活动介绍；2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
因为摘苹果需要爬树，农民们要求我们谨慎小心。
we (should) be cautious and careful
片段巩固 用appreciate;struggle;equal;demand完成人物描写的片段
续写训练之情节线：丽莎感到不知所措→她要努力按时完成她的项目→老师的要求很高→她觉得自己难以胜任→朋友们伸出援手→感激他们的支持→丽莎设法完成了她的项目
Lisa felt overwhelmed as she struggled to complete her project on time.Her teachers’ demands were high,and she didn’t feel equal to the task.However,her friends stepped in to help,and she appreciated their support.With their assistance,Lisa managed to finish her project.
1.regard /r ɡɑ d/ n.尊重(生义);关注;问候(生义) vt.把……视为;看待
①Many people regard her as the best musician of our time due to her outstanding performances.____________________
②I have a very high regard for him and what he has achieved.
____________
③Please give my regards to your parents.____________
④He showed great regard for the environment by recycling and conserving water regularly.____________
vt.把……视为;看待
n.尊重
n.问候
n.关注
2.relate to与……相关;涉及;谈到;理解(生义)
①Many adults can’t relate to children.____________
②The second paragraph relates to the situation in Scotland.
____________
③I’d like to share with you some details which relate to Chinese table manners._________________
理解
谈到
与……相关;涉及
3.character / k r kt (r)/ n.文字;符号;角色;品质(生义);特点(生义)
①The Chinese language has thousands of unique characters，each with its own meaning and pronunciation.____________
②The password must include at least one special character，such as an exclamation mark(感叹号).____________
③Each region of the country has its own distinct character，reflected in its culture and traditions.____________
n.文字
n.符号
n.特点
④The character of a true friend includes loyalty，kindness，and support.____________
⑤The character of Harry Potter is beloved by millions of fans around the world.____________
n.品质
n.角色
4.major adj.主要的;重要的;大的 n.主修课程(生义);主修学生(生义)
vi.主修;专门研究(生义)
①In fact，he inspires me to major in English in college，to be a bridge between China and the world.________________
②I love painting very much.I started learning painting at an early age and chose painting art and history as my major in college.
____________
vi.主修;专门研究
n.主修课程
③Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)____________
④As an engineering major，he spends a lot of time in the lab working on various projects.____________
adj.主要的
n.主修学生
5.native adj.出生地的;本地的;土著的 n.本地人
Lisa is a native① of Australia，born and raised in Sydney.As a
native② English speaker，she helps her friends improve their language skills.On weekends，she enjoys visiting native③ markets where she buys fresh produce from local farmers.Lisa also loves learning about the native④ traditions of the Aboriginal people，who are the original inhabitants of Australia.
________________________________________________
①n.本地人 ②adj.出生地的 ③本地的 ④土著的
6.classic adj.传统的;最优秀的;典型的 n.经典作品;名著
The classic① novels we read in literature class are always interesting.Our teacher says that these books are considered the most excellent works because of their timeless stories and characters.She explains that a classic② example of bravery is seen in the book To Kill a Mockingbird.After class，I enjoy watching a movie，which is a classic③ from the 1950s，appreciating its historical value.
_____________________________________________________
①adj.传统的;最优秀的 ②adj.典型的 ③n.经典作品;名著
7.tongue n.舌头;语言(生义)
During the biology lesson，we learned that the tongue① helps us taste food and speak clearly.Later in the language class，we discussed how the word tongue can also mean a language.For example，English is my native tongue②.It was interesting to see how one word can have two different meanings._____________________
①n.舌头 ②n.语言
1.句型公式：be＋of＋抽象名词
课本原句：That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.这一书写体系对于中国人民和中国文化的统一具有重要意义。
佳句背诵
From my point of view，keeping the balance between online learning and our life is of great importance.(发言稿；2021·全国乙卷)
在我看来，保持在线学习和我们生活的平衡非常重要。
“be of＋抽象名词”相当于“be＋形容词”，这一结构可以说明主语的性质。常见的抽象名词有importance、value、use、help、benefit、significance等，这些名词可用great、little、some、any、no、not、much等修饰，用以说明程度。
以练促学 同义句转换/单句写作
①The majority of students consider that watching English movie is beneficial to their English learning.
→The majority of students consider that watching English movie ________________________ their English learning.
is of benefit to
②The advice you gave us _____________________________________，without which we couldn’t have achieved our dreams.(感谢信)
你给我们的建议证明很有价值。没有它我们就不可能实现我们的梦想。
proved to be of great value/greatly valuable
教考衔接 单句写作
③Furthermore,guzheng ______________________________________, leading you to a fantastic world of music.(传统文化；2021·全国甲卷)
此外，古筝对中国民间音乐有着重要的意义，它将引领你进入一个奇妙的音乐世界。
④I hope these suggestions above _____________________________.
Perhaps，we can meet in Beijing.(建议信；北京卷)
我希望以上这些建议能对你有所帮助。也许我们可以在北京见面。
is of great significance to Chinese folk music
will be of some help to you
2.句型公式： “no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句
课本原句：Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.
即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
佳句背诵
Whenever/No matter when you need help，I sincerely hope that you can get in touch with me without hesitation.(建议信)
无论你何时需要帮助，我真诚地希望你能毫不犹豫地联系我。
no matter where/what在句中引导让步状语从句。
(1)“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。
(2)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever 既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
以练促学 单句写作
①I learned from the experience that ____________________________
__________________，we should try our best to solve them.(主旨升华)
我从这次经历中了解到，无论遇到什么困难，我们都应该努力解决。
②_________________________________________________________
should immediately hand it in to Mr.Johnson，our science teacher.
(寻物启事)
谁如果找到了实验室的丢失钥匙，请立即交给我们的科学老师约翰逊先生。
whatever/no matter what
difficulties we meet
Whoever/No matter who finds the missing keys to the laboratory
教考衔接 单句写作
③_______________________________________________________，
I think of the cold，wet and unforgettable evening when a stranger offered his trust and kindness to me！(主旨升华；2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
无论什么时候我看到这张照片，我就会想起那个寒冷、潮湿而又令人难忘的夜晚，一位陌生人给予我信任和善意！
Whenever/No matter when I see the photo
关 键 能 力 考 查
维度一 单元知识运用
1.The ____________ (major) of experts agree that regular exercise contributes significantly to mental health.
2.Often working late into the night，he struggles ____________ (find) a balance between work and personal life.
3.Only a few students feel equal to __________ (give) a presentation in front of the entire school，as it requires a lot of courage and preparation.
majority
to find
giving
4.Parents demand ____________ (have) a more active role in the development of the school’s curriculum to better reflect their children’s needs.
5.His contribution is of great ____________ (significant) in advancing our understanding of environmental science.
6.____________ life takes you，always remember the lessons learned and friendships forged during your school years.
to have
significance
Wherever
7.For further details on the science project，please refer ___________ the guidelines provided in the student handbook.
8.The novel is based ____________ a true story from the author’s own experiences during the war.
9.The teacher explained complex physics concepts ____________ means of simple experiments and visual aids.
10.I would appreciate ____________ if you could confirm your attendance at the conference by next week.
to
on/upon
by
it
维度二 单元知识拾遗
1._________________________________________________________
inspired everyone in her class.
她克服挑战的积极态度激励了班上的每一个人。
2.Every career ______________________________，but persistence will lead to success.
每一份职业都有其浮沉，但坚持会带来成功。
Her positive attitude to/towards overcoming challenges
has its ups and downs
3.The tradition of celebrating this festival _______________________
_________________________.
庆祝这个节日的传统可以追溯到古代。
4._______________________________________ flowers displayed at the botanical garden.
植物园展出了各种各样的花。
dates from/back
to ancient times
There are various varieties of
5.The child ________________________________________________
for his birthday.
孩子恳求他的父母在他生日那天给他买一辆新自行车。
6._______________________________________________________，
which makes him an excellent writer.
他有超过10，000个词汇量，这使得他成为一名出色的作家。
begged his parents to buy him a new bicycle
He has a vocabulary of over 10,000 words
7.The beauty of the sunset at the beach _________________________.
海滩上日落的美景无法形容。
8.When I was a little girl，I __________________________________
with my grandfather.
当我还是个小女孩的时候，我经常和我的爷爷去钓鱼。
was beyond description
used to go fishing
维度三 单元话题写作(建议信——语言学习)
假定你在某外语学习交流网站看到很多外国友人发帖，寻求提高汉语的建议。请你写一篇帖文，提出一些实用的建议。
第一步 根据单元知识写美句
1.对于那些觉得学好中文是件难事的人，我的建议可能有所帮助。
(struggle；定语从句)
As for those who find it a struggle to learn Chinese well,my advice may be helpful.
2.正如其他的语言学习一样，学习汉语也需要练习。
(demand；定语从句)
3.阅读与汉语相关的书籍至关重要。(be＋of＋抽象名词；relate to)
As is always the case with other language learning,learning Chinese also demands practice.
It’s of great importance to read books that relate to Chinese.
4.多和当地人交流。因为你与当地人用汉语交流得越多，你就会说得越流利。(native；because引导表语从句；the more...the more...)
Communicate more with the natives.That is because the more you communicate with the natives in Chinese,the more fluently you will speak.
5.除此之外，同样重要的是看一些中文电影或电视节目。
(equally；表语放于句首的倒装句)
6.无论学习汉语有什么困难，都要有积极的态度。
(attitude；no matter what)
Aside from that,equally important is to watch some Chinese films or TV programs.
Take a positive attitude no matter what trouble you may have learning Chinese.
第二步 连句成篇创佳作
【参考范文】
As for those who find it a struggle to learn Chinese well,my advice may be helpful.
As is always the case with other language learning,learning Chinese also demands practice.Firstly,it’s of great importance to read books that relate to Chinese.Moreover,communicate more with the natives.That is because the more you communicate with the natives in Chinese,the more fluently you will speak.Aside from that,equally important is to watch some Chinese films or TV programs.Last but not least,take a positive attitude no matter what trouble you may have learning Chinese.
Anticipating your comments.
读 写 素 养 培 优
Part Ⅰ 续写能力提升
1.语料积累
单 词 fascinating adj.迷人的 demanding adj.要求高的 gradually adv.渐渐地
patiently adv.耐心地 slowly adv.慢慢地 journey n.旅程
challenge n.挑战 reward n.回报 determination n.决心
passion n.热情 success n.成功 communicate v.交流
improve v.提高 master v.掌握 struggle v.奋斗
practice v.练习
词 块 both challenging and rewarding既充满挑战又收获颇丰
unfamiliar words陌生的单词 grammar rules语法规则
give up放弃 communicate with native speakers与母语人士交流
language learning journey语言学习之旅
overcome challenges克服挑战 gain rewards获得回报
practice regularly经常练习 expand vocabulary扩充词汇
understand grammar理解语法
靓 句 1.Gradually,my determination paid off.
渐渐地,我的决心得到了回报。
2.The real success was when I could finally watch a French movie and understand most of it.
真正的成功是当我终于能看一部法语电影并理解大部分内容的时候。
3.This experience taught me that with determination and passion,mastering a new language is possible.
这次经历告诉我,只要有决心和热情,掌握一门新语言是可能的。
2.场景片段训练(语言学习的历程：既充满挑战又收获颇丰)
I started a language learning journey that was ①______________
__________________________________ (既充满挑战又收获颇丰的).②______________________ (我对法语的兴趣) began in a classroom filled with posters of Paris and the sound of unfamiliar words.I remember struggling with pronunciation and grammar rules，often mixing them up.However，③_________________________________ (我从未放弃).I practiced daily，listened to French songs，and even
both challenging and rewarding
My interest in French
I never gave up
④____________________________________________________ (尝试与母语人士交流) online.Gradually，⑤_________________________ (我的决心得到了回报).The real success was when I could finally watch a French movie and ⑥______________________ (大部分都能理解).This experience taught me that with determination and passion，⑦__________________________________ (掌握一门新语言是可能的).
tried communicating with native speakers
my determination paid off
understand most of it
mastering a new language is possible
Part Ⅱ 高考同源研探
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读D)
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds,from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages.But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking,five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago,the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals,such as “f” and “v”,were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods.Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland,has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐),making it hard to produce labiodentals,which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth.Later,our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构),making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period.Food became easier to chew at this point.The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age,with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings,but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran,a member of the research team.
真题再做
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了人类语音的发展与农业的发展及其所带来的饮食结构的变化有着密不可分的关系。
32.Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on
A.Its variety. B.Its distribution.
C.Its quantity. D.Its development.
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Now a team of researchers... this trend arose.”可知,Damián Blasi研究的是这种趋势形成的方式和原因。根据前文可知,this trend指的是30多年前学者查尔斯发现在吃较软食物的群体中唇齿音更常见。由此可推知,Damián Blasi研究的是人类语音的发展,故选D项。
√
33.Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A.They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B.They could not open and close their lips easily.
C.Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D.Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
√
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,他们发现古代成年人的上下门牙是对齐的,很难发出唇齿音,而唇齿音是由下唇接触上牙发出的。之后,我们下巴的结构变成了咬合结构,这让我们更容易发出这样的声音。由此可知,他们的下巴构造使他们很难发出唇齿音,故选C项。
34.What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A.Supporting evidence for the research results.
B.Potential application of the research findings.
C.A further explanation of the research methods.
D.A reasonable doubt about the research process.
解析 段落大意题。根据第五段内容可知,对语言数据库的分析也证实,新石器时代之后,国际语言的发音发生了全球性的变化。第五段主要列举了一些可以使研究结果更令人信服的证据,故选A项。
√
35.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A.It is key to effective communication.
B.It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C.It is a complex and dynamic system.
D.It drives the evolution of human beings.
√
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,Steven Moran认为:自从人类出现以来,我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定,今天我们发现的各种语音都是像生物变化和文化进化等事物相互作用的复杂产物。由此可推知,Steven Moran认为人类语音是一个复杂的动态系统,故选C项。
思维建模
推理判断题——深层次的阅读理解题
解答该类题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容,在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁,透过字里行间去体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时,要据文推理、合情推理,不可脱离原文主观臆断。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括细节推理题、写作意图题、观点态度题和文章出处题或读者对象题等。
以例示法(如32题)
本题为细节推理题,根据第二段最后一句可知,Damián Blasi领导的研究小组已经发现了这种趋势是如何以及为什么会出现的。由此推断,他们的研究集中在语音的发展上,故选D项。
积阅读单词
Para.2：note v.指出，特别提到；trend n.趋势；
Para.5：confirm v.尤指提供证据来证实；global adj.全球的；
Para.6：present adj.存在
垒主题词块
Para.1：lead to 导致；
Para.3：touch sth to sth 把某物贴着某物；
Para.4：be connected with 与……有关；at this point 在这个时期；
Para.6：the popular view 普遍的观点；remain stable 保持稳定；
the huge variety of 种类繁多的……
析长难语句
Para.2：More than 30 years ago，the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals，such as “f” and “v”，were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods.
[句式分析] 这是一个复合句。第一个that引导宾语从句，其中过去分词短语called labiodentals 作 speech sounds的后置定语；such as “f” and “v”为插入语，对 labiodentals进行补充说明。第二个 that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词societies。
[尝试翻译]
[语言赏析] 该句通过清晰的逻辑结构和简洁的写法，成功传达了查尔斯·霍克特关于唇齿音与社会饮食习惯之间关系的研究发现。举例说明增强了论述的说服力，而简洁明了的表达方式则使信息易于理解和接受。
30多年前,学者查尔斯·霍克特指出,被称为唇齿音的语音,如“f”和“v”,在吃较软食物的社会的语言中更为常见。
课 时 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·嘉兴高三模拟)
I have always been proud of my handwriting,a skill I was taught in grade school.The teacher was teaching us the Palmer Penmanship Method,drilling into us the importance of forming big flowing lines when we wrote g’s and s’s as well as beautiful f’s that in my mind were like fairy tale princesses wearing fancy hats while extending their right foot.We were strictly prohibited from using block letters on our homework,as they lack the beauty.
Now it becomes apparent that young people no longer learn cursive (草书).They type everything mostly on their phones.Beautiful handwriting is a thing of the past.This has become a source of great sadness among traditionalists.
But recently something happened that shook my faith in cursive.To my complete disbelief,not one but two of my close friends complained about the handwriting on my postcards.They were grateful for the beautiful postcards I regularly sent,but they said they honestly couldn’t read a thing I had written.One friend went so far as to ask if I could use block letters next time so that she could understand what I was writing.
Initially,I was angry.I had made the effort to cover an entire postcard with what I viewed as not just handwriting but calligraphy.But then I showed an English friend a postcard I’d just written,and he said that the only thing that was readily understandable was the letters “U.S.A.” The rest of it,he politely suggested,looked like “chicken scrawl”.
Looking at the postcard dispassionately,I unwillingly admit that he has a point.All the m’s and n’s run together,and the l’s look like t’s.The a’s are indistinguishable from the q’s.So,from now on,I’m taking their advice and using block letters to communicate.
In fact,I just now sent an old friend a postcard.But this time,I simply wrote—in big block letters:
DEAR ALICE:
HI.
JOE.
I hope she gets the message.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对自己的草书书法感到自豪。尽管作者的朋友们很欣赏草书的美,但看不懂作者手写的明信片。所以为了清晰起见,他决定改用印刷体。这一转变显示了传统书法的美感与实际易读性之间的斗争。
1.What do we know about the Palmer Penmanship Method
A.It is characterized by big flowing lines.
B.It is rarely appreciated by traditionalists.
C.It was not allowed in students’ homework.
D.It is viewed as a trend in handwriting styles.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The teacher was teaching... while extending their right foot.”可知,帕尔默书法的特点是线条大而流畅,故选A项。
√
2.What weakened the writer’s belief in cursive
A.The popularity of block letters in recent times.
B.The younger generation’s disinterest in cursive.
C.His friends’ failure to comprehend his postcards.
D.His English friend’s suggestion on postcard design.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“But recently something happened...a thing I had written.”可知,作者朋友们无法理解他的明信片削弱了作者对草书的信念,故选C项。
√
3.Why did the writer switch to block letters for communication
A.To deliver his message clearly.
B.To improve his handwriting skills.
C.To win praise from his friends.
D.To show his passion for calligraphy.
√
解析 细节理解题。首先,锁定题干关键信息“switch to block letters for communication”;然后,利用定位法,回原文找到相关信息,即倒数第二段“So,from now on,I’m taking their advice and using block letters to communicate.”;最后,对号入座,题干中的switch to 在原文表述为using,题干中名词communication在原文中表述为动词communicate,故选A项。
4.What is the text mainly about
A.The wide use of cursive.
B.The sad decline of cursive.
C.The value of preserving cursive.
D.The technique of writing in cursive.
解析 文章大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段“Now it becomes apparent...a source of great sadness among traditionalists.”可知,文章主要讲的是草书可悲的衰落,故选B项。
√
(2025·佛山高三模拟)
Initial conversations can have a huge impact on how relationships develop over time.People are often stuck in the impressions they think they might have made the minute they finish speaking with someone for the first time:“Did they like me or were they just being polite ” “Were they deep in thought or deeply bored ”
To find out whether these worries are necessary,we have conducted nearly 10 years of research.In our studies,participants in the UK talked with someone they had never met before. Afterward, they were asked how much they liked their conversation partner and how much they believed that their conversation partner liked them.This allowed us to compare how much people believed they were liked to how much they were actually liked.
Time and time again,we found that people left their conversations with negative feelings about the impression they made.That is,people systematically underestimate how much their conversation partners like them and enjoy their company—a false belief we call the “liking gap”.
This bias (偏见) may seem like something that would occur only in initial interactions,but its effects extend far beyond a first impression.Surprisingly,the liking gap can constantly affect a variety of relationships,including interactions with coworkers,long after the initial conversations have taken place.Having a larger liking gap is associated with being less willing to ask workmates for help,less willing to provide workmates with open and honest feedback,and less willing to work on another project together.
There are numerous strategies to minimize your biased feelings. One place to start is shifting your focus of attention.Try to direct your attention to your conversation partner,be genuinely curious about them,ask them more questions,and really listen to their answers.The more you’re zeroed in on the other person,and the less you’re focused on yourself,the better your conversation will be and the less your mind will turn to all the things you think you didn’t do well.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是“好感认知差距”以及这种心态对人们社交关系的影响。
5.Why did the author carry out 10 years of research
A.To dismiss national concerns.
B.To check out a potential bias.
C.To enhance human communication.
D.To develop harmonious relationships.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段“Initial conversations...‘Were they deep in thought or deeply bored ’”以及第二段“To find out...nearly 10 years of research.”可知,作者进行10年的研究是为了找出潜在的偏见,故选B项。
√
6.What is one effect of people’s liking gap
A.Fewer chances of new projects.
B.Underestimation of their ability.
C.Bad relationships with people around.
D.Low willingness to interact with others.
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Having a larger liking gap...work on another project together.”可知,好感认知差距的一个影响是与他人互动的意愿低,故选D项。
√
7.What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A.Restate opinions. B.Deliver warnings.
C.Give suggestions. D.Make a summary.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are numerous strategies... you didn’t do well.”可知,作者在最后一段给出了减少偏见的建议,故选C项。
√
8.Which might be the best title for the text
A.Liking Gap May Influence Work Performances
B.First Impressions Rely On Initial Conversations
C.People Probably Like You More Than You Think
D.How People Like You Matters Less Than You Assume
解析 标题归纳题。根据第三段“Time and time again...the ‘liking gap’.”结合文章主要说明了什么是“好感认知差距”以及这种心态对人们社交关系的影响,可知C选项“人们可能比你想象的更喜欢你”是文章的最佳标题,故选C项。
√
(2025·吉林高三模拟三)
It wasn’t until after I graduated from college,and realized that there’s no such thing as all-encompassing (包罗万象的) knowledge, that I was able to read for pleasure.A sense of curiosity directed me and I started to see dictionaries as field guides to the life of language. Looking up words felt less like a failing than an admission that there are lots of things I don’t know and an opportunity to discover just how many.
I prize my 1954 copy of Webster’s New International Dictionary, Second Edition.I often consult it,during evening games of Scrabble or midday magazine reading.When I come across unfamiliar words while reading novels,I look them up.When I start encountering these words elsewhere,the linguistic (语言的) universe seems to shrink to the size of a small town.
Dictionaries heighten my senses:They direct my attention into a conversation with language.They make me wonder what other things I’m blind to because I haven’t taught myself to notice them yet. Recently spotted examples include “orrery”—a mechanical model, usually clockwork,devised to represent the motions of the moon and Earth (and sometimes also other planets) around the sun.The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) also tells me that the word comes from the fourth Earl of Orrery,for whom a copy of the first machine was made,around 1 700.Useful Obviously not.Satisfying Deeply.
Web browsers answer questions with more questions,opening up pages you never asked for.But a dictionary builds on common knowledge,using simple words to explain complex ones.Using one feels as if I’m prying open an oyster (蚝) rather than falling down a rabbit hole.Why leave solvable mysteries up to guesswork
For me,dictionaries are a door into that kind of uncalculated knowledge-seeking.They remind me that following your curiosity instead of brushing it aside is one of the best ways I know to feel connected to more than what’s right in front of you.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了词典的价值,作者认为它们是通往求知的一扇门。作者把词典看作语言生活的指南。通过查阅词典,作者发现自己对世界的了解不断加深,知识也不断丰富。
9.What can we know about the author
A.He merely read for fun before graduation.
B.He longed to learn about all knowledge.
C.He considered dictionaries chances of enrichment.
D.He admitted being a failure when learning languages.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Looking up words felt...an opportunity to discover just how many.”可知,作者认为查单词是承认自己有很多不知道的事情,是一次发现自己到底有多少不知道的事情的机会,即一次充实自我的机会,故选C项。
√
10.Why does the author mention the example of “orrery” in paragraph 3
A.To introduce a word. B.To indicate a finding.
C.To clarify a concept. D.To support a statement.
解析 写作意图题。通读第三段可知,第一、二句陈述了作者对词典的观点,段中的“a mechanical model...around the sun”是对其前的orrery这一单词的解释,随后作者提到词典还告诉了自己关于这一单词的来源。所以,作者提到orrery这一单词是为了佐证自己的陈述,故选D项。
√
11.What does the underlined part in paragraph 4 refer to
A.Encountering new problems.
B.Entering a different world.
C.Acquiring essential common sense.
D.Simplifying tough questions.
√
解析 词义猜测题。根据空前的rather than可知,画线短语与“prying open an oyster(蚝)”的意思相反;画线短语所在句中的one指代上文提到的a dictionary,所以“prying open an oyster(蚝)”指的是上文对词典的描述“using simple words to explain complex ones”,而画线短语则对应上文中对网页浏览器的描述“answer questions with more questions”,即网页浏览器会产生新的问题,故选A项。
12.According to the passage,which of the following can best describe dictionaries
A.Jaw-dropping. B.Eye-opening.
C.Mind-numbing. D.Labour-saving.
解析 推理判断题。文章最后一段提到“对我来说,词典是一扇通向无法预测的求知的门”。结合第一段中的“Looking up words felt...an opportunity to discover just how many.”可知,查单词能让作者发现自己到底有多少不知道的事情。因此,作者认为词典可以让人大开眼界,故选B项。
√
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·乐清知临中学高三模拟)
With the development of computers,increasing students type with a greater-than-ever reliance on them to take notes and write papers. 1 Some parents of younger students are dismayed that their children are not just encouraged but required to take laptops to class.Additionally,university professors complain of rampant (泛滥的) distraction in classrooms,with students reading and messaging instead of listening to lectures.
A line of research shows the benefits of an “innovation” that predates computers:handwriting. 2 It includes helping students recall a random series of words and grasp complicated concepts better.For rote (死记硬背) learning,from the shapes of letters to the irregularity of English spelling,the benefits of handwriting lie in how the motor and sensory memory of putting words on paper reinforces that material.
One of the best-demonstrated advantages of handwriting seems to be in superior note taking.In a study from 2014 by Pam Mueller and Danny Oppenheimer,students typing wrote down almost twice as many words and more passages word for word from lectures. 3 Instead,handwriting which takes longer for nearly all university-level students forces note takers to transform ideas into their own words. 4
Many studies have confirmed handwriting’s benefits,and policymakers have taken note. 5 In Sweden there is a push for more handwriting books and fewer devices.
Although nearly all will eventually need typing skills,in an age of typing,handwriting still matters.
A.Studies have found that handwriting can improve everything.
B.This aids conceptual understanding at the moment of writing.
C.But today a different debate is raging about the dangers of typing.
D.It suggested they didn’t understand the material so much as parrot (鹦鹉学舌) it.
E.However,several schools in America have gone so far to ban most laptops.
F.Especially,studies have found that writing on paper can better students’ performance.
G.For instance,about half the states in America have commanded more teaching of handwriting instruction.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了虽然越来越多的人用电脑打字,但手写仍有它的好处。
1.C ［根据下文谈到的都是用笔记本电脑的坏处可知,该空需转折提出对于打字的争议,故选C项。]
2.F ［根据上下文可知,该空讲的是手写的好处,代词It指代F项中的performance,且students为原词复现,故选F项。]
3.D ［上文讲的是通过打字记笔记,而下文Instead后讲的是手写笔记,该空与上文为顺承关系,提出打字记笔记的结果,D项意思是:这表明他们并不是真正理解了材料,只是简单机械地重复了它。“so much as”在此处用作副词短语,可修饰动词,形容词或副词,用来强调所描绘的内容的程度。故选D项。]
4.B ［上文讲的是手写笔记使得记笔记的人用自己的话来转换思想,该空与上文为顺承关系,讲的是上文那样做的好处,即有助于在写作时理解概念,故选B项。]
5.G ［根据上文谈到政策制定者们都注意到了手写的好处,以及该空后的举例可知,该空也应该是推进手写的例子,故选G项。]
单 词 聚 焦 A Para.1:fancy adj.精致的,花哨的;Para.2:source n.来源;
Para.4:initially adv.起初;Para.5:dispassionately adv.冷静地
B Para.1:initial adj.最初的;Para.3:negative adj.负面的;
systematically adv.系统地;underestimate v.低估;
Para.4:interaction n.互动;feedback n.反馈;Para.5:strategy n.策略
C Para.2:consult v.咨询,请教;查阅,查询;encounter v.遭遇,遇到;
shrink v.缩小;减少;Para.3:obviously adv.显而易见地,明显地;
Para.4:solvable adj.可解决的
熟词生义 A Para.6:simply 熟义:adv.简单地;生义:adv.仅仅
C Para.2:prize 熟义:n.奖励;生义:v.珍视
词 块 积 累 A Para.1:be proud of以……为荣;Para.3:complain about抱怨;next time下次
B Para.1:over time随着时间的推移;be stuck in被困在;Para.3:time and time again一次又一次;Para.4:far beyond远远超出;a variety of各种;be willing to愿意;Para.5:zero in on集中全部注意力于
C Para.1:no such thing(某人或某物等)不存在;Para.2:come across(偶然)遇见,碰见,发现;Para.3:be blind to sth对某事物缺乏识别能力;Para.5:brush sth aside不理会,漠视
长 难 句 式 A Para.3:They were grateful for the beautiful postcards I regularly sent,but they said they honestly couldn’t read a thing I had written.
[分析] 这是一个并列复合句。连词but连接两个并列句。在第一个并列句中定语从句I regularly sent修饰先行词postcards;在第二个并列句中they honestly couldn’t read a thing作动词said的宾语;定语从句I had written修饰先行词thing。
[译文] 他们很感激我定期寄送的美丽的明信片,但他们说他们真的看不懂我写的任何话。
长 难 句 式 B Para.3:That is,people systematically underestimate how much their conversation partners like them and enjoy their company—a false belief we call the“liking gap”.
[分析] 这是一个复合句。how much引导从句作动词underestimate的宾语;破折号后的a false belief we call the“liking gap”作同位语解释前面的内容;定语从句we call the“liking gap”修饰先行词belief。
[译文] 也就是说,人们系统地低估了对话伙伴对他们的喜欢程度以及享受他们陪伴的程度——我们称之为“好感认知差距”的错误观念。
