英语[W]
一 背记单词/词块
◎创业
1．input n. 投入(物)
2．obstacle n. 障碍，阻碍，妨碍
3．phase n. 阶段，时期
4．freshman n. (高中或大学的)一年级学生
5．afloat adj. 经济上周转得开的；不欠债的
6．rational adj. (想法、决定等)合理的，基于理性的
7．hire v. (短期的)租用，租借
8．abuse n. 滥用
◎生活
9．cosmetics n. 化妆品，美容品
10．purchase v. 购买
11．bonus n. 奖金；红利
12．estate n. 庄园
13．designer clothes 名牌服装
14．theft n. 偷窃，偷盗
15．purse n. (女式)钱包
◎其他
16．forehead n. 额，前额
17．chairwoman n. 女主席；女会长
18．sunrise n. 日出(时分)；黎明；拂晓
19．bug n. 突然的兴趣，迷恋
20．equator n. 赤道
21．superior adj. 质量上乘的，优质的
22．calorie n. 卡(路里)
23．exceed v. 超过，超出
24．toddler n. 学步的儿童，刚学走路的小孩
25．thereby adv. 因此，由此
二 词形变化
1．blank adj. 木然的→blankly adv. 茫然地
2．dizzy adj. 头晕目眩的→dizzily adv. 使人眼花地→dizziness n. 头晕
3．potential n. 潜力→potentially adv. 潜在地
4．enterprise n. 进取心→enterprising adj. 有事业心的；有进取心的→entrepreneurial adj. 创业的
5．manufacture v. 制造→manufacturer n. 制造商
6．distribute v. 分发→distribution n. 分销
7．guide v. 引导 n. 指南；导游→guidance n. 指导
8．consult v. 咨询；商量→consultant n. 顾问
9．convention n. 习俗；公约→conventional adj. 传统的
10．discriminate v. 歧视→discrimination n. 歧视
11．mild adj. 淡的→mildly adv. 温和地
12．subject n. 主题→subjective adj. 主观的
13．interfere v. 介入→interference n. 干涉
14．finance n. 财政→financial adj. 财政的
15．accumulate v. 积累→accumulation n. 积累
16．automatic adj. 自动的→automatically adv. 自动地
17．sorrow n. 不幸→sorrowful adj. 悲伤的
18．frustrate v. 使懊恼→frustrated adj. 懊恼的→frustration n. 懊丧
19．supervise v. 监督→supervision n. 监督
20．expense n. 费用→expensive adj. 昂贵的
1．As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again with automatic mind, you begin to do it automatically. (automatic)
2．She looked blank,__so she stared blankly into space, not knowing what to write. (blank)
3．In the previous example, you would name a limit around how to handle frustration with classwork：“we take a break if we're frustrated．” (frustrate)
4．The organization distributes our products and the distribution costs rise to one fifth of sales. (distribute)
5．The guide gave me some guidance about where to spend holiday. (guide)
6．If you have difficulty completing the project on time, you can consult an experienced leader or consultant about how to do it. (consult)
7．Employers cannot discriminate on grounds of age. However, there is widespread discrimination against older people in the job market. (discriminate)
8．Her sorrowful eyes reflected the deep sorrow she felt after losing her loved one. (sorrow)
三 熟词生义
1.blank [熟义] n. 空白，遗忘；空白处 adj. 空白的
[生义] adj. 无表情的，茫然的，单调的
2.bonus [熟义] n. 红利；奖金；津贴
[生义] n. 额外的好处
3．mild [熟义] adj. 和善的；随和的；轻微的；不严重的
[生义] adj. 暖和的，温暖的；不浓烈的，淡的
4．afloat [熟义] adj. 漂浮的
[生义] adj. 经济上周转得开的，不欠债的
1．The area is famous for its very mild winter climate.
这个地区因冬季气候十分温暖而著名。
2．His expression remained studiously blank.
他的表情仍是那种故作茫然状。
3．They will have to borrow ￡10 million next year, just to stay afloat.
明年他们得举债1，000 万英镑才能周转开。
4．Being able to walk to work is an added bonus of the new job.
能够步行去上班是这份新工作额外的好处。
小积累—word familes
1.含 fore (前的)前缀的单词面面观 ①forehead n. 额，前额 ②forecast vt.& n. 预报 ③foresee vt. 预见；预知 ④foreword n. 前言；序言 ⑤forearm n. 前臂 ⑥foretell v. 预告 2.攻克“空的”形容词 ①blank ②empty ③hollow ④vacant ⑤vacuous 3.“奖金与利润”相关名词小结 ①bonus 津贴；奖金；红利 ②profit 利润 ③interest 利息 ④award 奖；奖金 ⑤prize 奖，奖金 ⑥earnings 利润
一 词表短语/课文短语
1．make__ends__meet 使收支仅能相抵
2．interfere__with 妨碍，阻止
3．go__into__debt 陷入债务之中，负债
4．rent__out 出租(房屋、房间、土地等)
5．at__the__expense__of 以损害……为代价
6．struggle__to__do__sth 挣扎做某事
选用上面的短语填空
1．Knowing what hard work his mother did to make__ends__meet,__John really didn't want his mother to worry.
2．She went__into__debt after buying a series of luxury handbags she couldn't afford.
3．I do not approve of your going for sports at__the__expense__of your school work.
4．Frequently going out on a date may result in frequent absence from classes, which will interfere__with their studies.
二 写作词块
1．take__a__deep__breath 深呼吸
2．in__the__hope__of 怀着……的希望
3．start__out 开始，着手进行
4．overcome__a__number__of__obstacles 克服一些障碍
5．seek__guidance__from__expert__consultants 寻求专家顾问的指导
6．most__of__all 最重要的是
7．know__one's__own__limits 了解某人自己的极限
8．cut__down__on 减少；削减
9．as__is__often__the__case 情况常常如此
10．in__addition 此外
11．be__subject__to 受制于，遭受
12．be__relevant__to 与……有关
1．(教材P50)他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。(独立主格结构)
They__stared__back,__their__blank__faces__giving__no__clue__as__to__what__they__would__say__next.
2．(教材P51)直到她结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时，才意识到这里的潜力。(强调句型)
It__was__only__after__graduating__from__university__overseas__and__returning__to__visit__her__parents__that__Zhang__realised__the__potential.
3．(教材P51)她并不是唯一一个被创业所吸引的年轻人。(动词不定式短语作后置定语)
She__is__not__the__only__young__person__to__have__been__bitten__by__the__start up__bug.
自主检测
一、重点单词
1．interfere v. 介入
2．potential n. 潜力
3．frustrate v. 使懊恼→frustrated adj. 懊恼的→frustration n. 懊恼
4．guide v. 引导 n. 指南；导游→guidance n. 指导
5．accumulate v. 积累→accumulation n. 积累
6．discriminate v. 歧视→discrimination n. 歧视
7．distribute v. 分发→distribution n. 分销
8．finance n. 财政→financial adj. 财政的
9．enterprise n. 进取心→enterprising adj. 有事业心的；有进取心的→entrepreneurial adj. 创业的
10．mild adj. 淡的→mildly adv. 温和地
拔高词汇— 高分必备
1.chunk/t k/n. 厚块，大块；相当大的量 2．curve/k v/n. 曲线；弧线 3．vocational/v 'keI n( )l/adj. 职业的；业务知识的 4．gorgeous/'ɡ d s/adj. 美丽动人的；令人愉快的 5．deem/di m/v. 认为；相信 6.stem/stem/n. (植物、灌木的)茎，干 v. 阻止，遏制 7．accustomed/ 'k st md/adj. 习惯的，适应的 8．invade/In'veId/v. 武力入侵，侵略
二、重点语块
I've been struggling__to (挣扎做某事) make__ends__meet (使收支仅能相抵) lately, as my expenses have surpassed my income. Trying to keep up with the latest designer clothes I had to rent__out (出租) a room to cover the expense, which unfortunately led me to go__into__debt (负债). However, I realize that this lifestyle is interfering__with (妨碍) my financial stability and I must adjust it, even if it's at__the__expense__of (以损害……为代价) some of my material desires.
三、重点句式
1．把所有因素都考虑进去，你的计划似乎更可靠。(独立主格结构)
All__factors__taken__into__consideration,__your plan seems to be more reliable.
2．直到昨天我才被告知他生病住院了。(强调句型)
It__was__not__until__yesterday__that I was told that he was ill in hospital.
四、写作佳句
1．【教材P50】发言时，张悦把手藏在背后，以掩饰双手的颤抖。
As__she__spoke,__Zhang__Yue__put__her__hands__behind__her__back__to__hide__that__they__were__shaking.
2．【教材P51】不过他们的成功之路仍然漫长而艰难，一路上会遇到许多挑战。
The__road__to__their__success__is__however__still__a__long__and__difficult__one,__with__many__challenges__along__the__way.
3．【教材P60】尽管如此，共享经济无疑正在与我们的日常生活以及全球经济产生越来越密切的联系。
Nonetheless,__what__is__in__no__doubt__is__that__the__sharing__economy__is__increasingly__relevant__to__our__daily__lives__as__well__as__to__the__global__economy.
4．【教材P62】非现金支付越来越受欢迎，使用现金的人越来越少。
Non cash__payments__are__becoming__increasingly__popular,__with__fewer__and__fewer__people__using__cash.
硬核考点
考点1 potential n. (事物的)潜力；可能性 adj. 潜在的，可能的 the potential for (doing) sth (做)某事的可能性/潜在性 the potential to do sth 做某事的潜力 realise/achieve one's (full) potential (充分)发挥某人的潜力
1.A climate change researcher said the successful experiment could potentially (potential) benefit many countries.
2．People who do not smoke have less potential for suffering from lung cancer than those who smoke.
3．History has the potential to__break (break) down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.
4．作为一名优秀的老师，她使用不同的方法来鼓励她的学生充分发挥他们的潜力。
As a good teacher, she uses different ways to encourage__her__students__to__realise/achieve__their__full__potential.
考点2 distribution n. (商品的)分销，经销；分配，分布；分发，分送 distribute sth to ... 把某物分配/分发给…… distribute (sth) among 在……中分配/分发(某物)
1.In Western countries, due to the unreasonable individual income distribution (distribute), the gap between the rich and the poor has become an outstanding issue.
2．Thousands of soldiers are working to distribute food and blankets to the refugees.
3．In the move most of the furniture was left to the neighbors or distributed among friends.
4．至于参加考试，如果你根据问题的数量来分配你的时间会很有帮助。
As for taking the exam, it would be helpful if__you__distribute__your__time__according__to__the__number__of__questions.
考点3 guidance n. 指导，引导；导航 under the guidance of sb＝under one's guidance 在某人的指导下 guide sb to/through/around ... 领某人去/穿过/参观…… a guide to grammar 语法指南
1.Under the guidance of their father, they took positive actions and started all over again.
2．He guided her to the hall to attend the great wedding.
3．我期待着在她的专业指导下工作。
I was looking forward to working under__her__expert__guidance．
＝I was looking forward to working under__the__expert__guidance__of__her.
考点4 consultant n. 顾问 consult sb about sth 向某人咨询/请教某事 consult with sb about/on sth 与某人商量某事
1.I'm a 34 year old man, married, live in a nice house, and have a successful career as an educational consultant (consult)．
2．He often goes to my office to consult me about the method of learning English.
3．After I consulted with my parents, I made up my mind to major in computer.
→Having__consulted__with__my__parents,__I made up my mind to major in computer.(分词短语作状语)
4．如有兴趣，请于周四前将英文申请表寄至校长办公室。如需进一步信息，请咨询我们。(写作佳句)
If interested, please send your application in English to the office of the principal before Thursday. Please__consult__us__for__any__further__information．
【北师版选择性必修第三册写作佳句】
Keep doing this, and you can become an expert or a specialist in something one day.
持之以恒，这样有一天你才会成为某个行业的专家或专业人士。
考点5 sorrow n. [C] 令人悲伤的事，不 幸 [U] 悲伤；悲痛 to one's sorrow 令某人悲痛的是 share happiness and sorrow 同甘共苦 drown one's sorrows 借酒消愁 mix joy with sorrow 悲喜交加
1.Much to his sorrow, his new house beside the lake was burnt to the ground by a terrible fire.
2．Her son's return made her mix joy with sorrow.
3．As a matter of fact, he daren't look up to see her sorrowful (sorrow) eyes.
4．悲伤的泪水顺着脸颊往下流，我紧紧地拥抱着父亲，说道：“我又失败了。” (写作佳句)
With__tears__of__sorrow__rolling__down__my__cheeks,__I hugged my father tightly, saying, “I failed again.”
5．真正的朋友应该与你同甘共苦。(写作佳句)
True friend should share__happiness__and__sorrow with you.
考点6 expense n. 费用，花费；代价 at sb's expense 由某人付费 at the expense of ... 以牺牲/损害……为代价 afford the expense of ... 负担得起……的费用 at huge/great expense 花一大笔费用 cut down/reduce expenses 削减开支 spare no expense 不惜代价，不惜费用 expense作“开支，花费”讲时常用复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词常用复数。
1.One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living expenses (expense)．
2．The whole team went out for dinner after winning the championship, all at the coach's expense.
3．现在大多数父母都不惜费用地教育他们的孩子。
The majority of parents spare__no__expense in educating their children nowadays.
4．现在越来越多的人意识到我们不应该以牺牲环境作为代价来发展经济这一事实。(写作佳句)
Nowadays more and more people have come to realise the fact that__we__shouldn't__develop__economy__at__the__expense__of__the__environment.
考点7 go into debt 陷入债务之中，负债 in debt 负债；欠情 out of debt 不欠债，还清债务 get into debt 负债，欠债 get out of debt 摆脱债务，不负债 pay off one's debts 还清某人的债务 be in one's debt＝owe sb a debt 欠某人的人情债；受某人的恩惠；感激某人
1.We were poor but we never got into debt.
2．I already sold the house to get us out of debt.
3．The easiest solution would be to sell the car and pay off their debts.
4．债台高筑的爸爸绝望地对妈妈说：“现在只有奇迹才能救他。”
Being__in__heavy__debt,__Dad said to Mom in desperation, “Only a miracle can save him now.”
5．那时他对我太好了，我永远都还不清欠他的人情债。
He was so good to me that I can never repay the__debt__I__owed__him．
【人教版必修第三册写作佳句】
I don't think a man's main mission in life is to earn as much money as possible. My dream is to live a more meaningful life.
我认为一个人一生的主要任务不是尽可能多地挣钱。我的梦想是过上更有意义的生活。
强化训练
一、单句语法填空
1．Thank you so much for having been our consultant (consult) for such a long time.
2．Although he only joined the company last year, he is senior to me already and has the potential to__be__promoted (promote).
3．Her success was a result of the accumulation (accumulate) of hard work and dedication over many years.
4．They distributed recycling bins to every household and educated the community about the importance of responsible waste management.
5．I couldn't be more grateful if you could take a little time out of your busy schedule to give me some guidance (guide)．
6．The rich man was tricked out of 40 million dollars and then he was in heavy debt.
7．In South Africa, Gandhi was surprised to find that the problem of racial discrimination (discriminate) was serious.
8．Questions have been arising concerning the company's financial (finance) records since last year.
9．To our sorrow, it was alcohol abuse that ruined his fitness and his life.
10．The boss treated his employees to a fancy dinner at his own expense.
二、熟词生义
1．This cheese has a soft, mild flavour.淡的
2．He received a free gift with purchase, which was a nice bonus. 额外的好处
3．He stood in the room for a while, staring at me with a blank expression on his face. 木然的
4．With careful budgeting, she was able to keep her finances afloat despite the rise in living costs. 周转得开
三、构词法
词缀 含义 例词
al 表示具有……的；属于……的 conventional,__individual, professional, traditional, national, universal, personal, natural
写出下列黑体词的含义
1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. 传统的
2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs.自然的
3．(2024·北京高考)Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. 个人的
4．(2023·北京高考)Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates. 传统的
5．Given that you are busy, I'd be very appreciative if you offer to give some professional advice. 专业的
6．It is a universal truth that children need love and attention to grow healthily. 普遍的
四、补全句子
1．这位运动员在奥运会上的成功是以多年的艰苦训练和牺牲为代价的。
The athlete's success in the Olympics came at__the__expense__of__years__of__hard__training__and__sacrifices．
2．物价上涨这么快，许多人都觉得入不敷出。
Many people find it hard to make__ends__meet with prices going up so fast.
3．星星明亮地闪烁，我们晚上可以清楚地看到它们。
The__stars__shining__brightly,__we can see them clearly at night.
4．我喜欢和她交朋友，因为她关心我，我可以和她分享我的喜怒哀乐。
I like making friends with her, because she is concerned with me and I can share__my__happiness__and__sorrows__with__her．
5．没有什么能阻止我们实现目标。
There is nothing that__can__stop__us__(from)__achieving__our__goals．
6．就在那时，我下定决心要回中国。
It__was__then__that__I__made__up__my__mind to go back to China.
五、长难句分析
(2024·北京高考)When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and gives us the opportunity to make right choices.
句意：当我们慢下来的时候，我们创造了空间来反思我们的思想和情感，这有助于我们识别生活中的重要领域，并给我们机会做出正确的选择。
分析：句子主干是we__create__space。句中When引导时间状语从句；which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整个主句，其中to make right choices是动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰限定opportunity。
读写用—素养提升
一、深化阅读——明晰考向 以阅读养阅读
(2022·全国甲卷)As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick－started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take__the__plunge．
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last－minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go，” she says. “I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has，” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。71岁的Ginni Bazlinton(金尼·贝兹灵顿)从小热爱旅行，渴望探险。她退休并在孩子们独立后开始周游世界，在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
28．Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2
A．Try challenging things.
B．Take a degree.
C．Bring back lost memories.
D．Stick to a promise.
答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。画线部分前文“Throughout her career ... longed to explore further.”提到在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索。画线部分所在句表示“当她退休并且她的儿子们最终独立生活后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情”。由此可推知，画线部分take the plunge表示“尝试有挑战性的事情”。故选A。
29．What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A．Lovely penguins. B．Beautiful scenery.
C．A discount fare. D．A friend's invitation.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile ... islands off Tierra del Fuego(正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知，是一张折扣票让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。
30．What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A．It could be a home for her.
B．It should be easily accessible.
C．It should be well preserved.
D．It needs to be fully introduced.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据四个选项A项(这可能是她的一个家。)，B项(它应该很容易到达。)，C项(它应该得到很好的保护)，D项(它需要被充分介绍。)并结合当今保护南极洲的自然环境这一时代性的号召可知，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。
31．What is the text mainly about
A．A childhood dream.
B．An unforgettable experience.
C．Sailing around the world.
D．Meeting animals in Antarctica.
答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。文章着重介绍了Ginni难忘的南极洲奇遇。A项(一个童年梦想。)与全文主题不符；C项(环游世界。)范畴超过了本文内容；D项(遇见南极洲的动物。)以偏概全。故选B。
正向引领秒杀答案
语篇阅读类文章的选材不但体现了广泛性，还涉及时代性、真实性和思想性等方面，体现了思想上的引导和教育。做题时需尽量准确把握命题人的选材意图和文章的写作意图；要具备高度思维，一些积极的、正能量的、与观点呼应的选项往往读完题干和选项就能锁定答案。
二、读后续写——必备微技能
高品素材 扩句
1．加形容词
可以是一个形容词，也可以是并列形容词或者形容词短语。
(1)The innocent girl unwrapped her delicate gift box.
这个天真的女孩打开了她精致的礼品盒。
(2)Curious and excited, the girl unwrapped her gift box.
这个女孩好奇而兴奋，打开了她的礼品盒。
(3)Full of joy, the girl unwrapped her gift box.
女孩满心喜悦，打开了她的礼品盒。
2．加介词短语
(1)Without any hesitation, the girl unwrapped her gift box.
那女孩毫不犹豫地打开了她的礼品盒。
(2)In surprise, the girl unwrapped her gift box.
女孩惊讶地打开了她的礼品盒。
3．加非谓语动词
(1)Screaming with excitement, the girl unwrapped her gift box.
＝The girl, screaming with excitement, unwrapped her gift box. (放在句中，有两个逗号)
＝The girl unwrapped her gift box, screaming with excitement. (放在句尾)
女孩兴奋地尖叫着，打开了她的礼品盒。
(2)Held by her mom, the girl unwrapped her gift box.
女孩被她妈妈抱着，打开了她的礼品盒。
4．加with复合结构或独立主格
(1)With her mouth wide open, the girl unwrapped her gift box.
女孩张大了嘴巴，打开了她的礼品盒。
(2)With her heart beating wildly, the girl unwrapped her gift box.
女孩怀着狂跳的心，打开了她的礼品盒。
(3)The girl unwrapped her delicate gift box, her fingers trembling in anticipation.
女孩打开了她精致的礼品盒，她的手指因期待而微微颤抖。
5．加定语从句
(1)The girl unwrapped her gift box which she had been looking forward to.
女孩打开了她一直期待的礼品盒。
(2)The girl unwrapped her gift box which was tied with red ribbon.
女孩打开了她用红丝带系好的礼品盒。
高效课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读
A
(2025·湖南省邵阳市邵东市第一中学高三第二次月考)
Investment Competition
About the Competition
The Wharton Global High School Investment Competition is a free, online investment simulation (模拟) for high school students(9th to 12th grade)and teachers. Students work in teams of four to seven, guided by a teacher as their advisor (顾问). Together, they learn about teamwork, communication, risk, companies and industry analysis and many other important aspects of investing.
Teams examine a brief case study featuring a potential client and are tasked with working closely to meet that client's long term investment goals. Equipped with an approved stock list and the Wharton Investment Simulator (WInS), which allows them to simulate (模拟) stock trading, students develop an investment strategy, analyze sectors and companies, and build a portfolio (投资组合) using $100，000 in virtual cash provided by WInS over the course of 10 weeks. Winners are selected on the strength of their team strategies, not on the growth of their portfolios.
Results
Final reports are reviewed by a team of judges, who select 50 semi finalist teams. Those teams are invited to present their strategies to a panel of expert judges at the virtual semifinals. The top 10 teams from the semifinals move on to the final of the competition, the Global Finale, at Wharton in Philadelphia.
Please Remember
Once advisors register for the competition, they will receive a confirmation email with instructions to set up their student team accounts on WInS, our trading platform. Student team accounts must be set up no later than September 20, 2025. In order to complete the registration form, advisors will need to：
Choose the username and password for their advisor accounts.
Provide their school issued email address, as well as a back up email address where all competition communications will be sent.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了沃顿商学院全球高中投资竞赛的详细情况。
1．What's the function of WInS
A．Offering virtual cash.
B．Studying some brief cases.
C．Making people win business.
D．Understanding clients' requirements.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据About the Competition部分第二段中的“students develop an investment ... WInS over the course of 10 weeks”可知，WInS的功能是给参赛者提供虚拟现金。故选A。
2．What can we know about the Global Finale
A．All final reports must be delivered to it.
B．It's the highest level of the competition.
C．It's a final graded by clients' opinions.
D．About fifty teams can participate in it.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Results部分中的“The top 10 teams ... at Wharton in Philadelphia.”可知，the Global Finale是这个比赛的最后决赛，也就是最高级别的比赛。故选B。
3．What should advisors do after registering for the competition
A．Send a confirmation email to judges.
B．Guide students to create their own accounts.
C．Ensure team members are from the same school.
D．Build the student team accounts on the specific platform.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据Please Remember部分第一段中的“Once advisors register for ... our trading platform.”可知，注册参加比赛后，顾问应该在特定平台上建立学生团队账户。故选D。
B
(2025·四川省遂宁涪江中学高三月考)If a stranger offered you a free cookie, you might well eat it. But what if they offered to also give you $2 You might politely decline and walk away thinking, “Something smells fishy.”
In a study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of “free money”， as well as unusually cheap services, because they seem “too good to be true”．
In the initial experiment, nearly 40 percent of participants ate a cookie offered freely—compared with about 20 percent of those offered $2 as well. “People typically imagine things like someone did something disgusting to the cookie，” says study lead author Andrew J. Vonasch, a psychological scientist at the University of Canterbury in NewZealand.
Nine further experiments used online questionnaires to present other cases. These included being offered money to accept a ride home and surprisingly cheap flights. In each case, past a certain threshold (门槛), higher potential monetary gain reduced participants' likelihood of accepting the offer.
Vonasch says the study illustrates that contrary to the “standard economic model”， which supposes humans always seek to maximize gains, transactions (交易) need to also be understood as social interactions between people trying to understand each other's minds.
If someone seems to violate accepted norms, such as self interest, without any explanation, we assume they have hidden motives and infer there will be “phantom costs”， imagined consequences that reduce what Vonasch calls an offer's “psychological value”. Factors beyond the present moment may come into play. “Understanding that others' perceived overgenerosity may put us in their debt could also help explain people's reluctance，” says Vonasch.
The researchers also showed how to mitigate (减轻) the effect: simply provide a reason for the deal. The “cheap flights” experiment included a condition where the seats were revealed to be very uncomfortable. “Uncomfortable seats aren't typically a selling point，” Vonasch says. “But telling people the seats were uncomfortable made them more willing to take them because it was sufficient explanation.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过讲述为什么人们会拒绝看似过于慷慨的优惠或免费赠品来探讨经济学和心理学之间的联系。
4．Why might people reject an offer of $2 along with a free cookie
A．They dislike a money related offer.
B．They distrust the true value of the offer.
C．They think the offer is not good enough.
D．They suspect the offer only lasts a short time.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，研究人员发现，人们倾向于拒绝“意外之财”，以及异常便宜的服务，因为它们看起来“好得令人难以置信”。由此可知，人们会拒绝2美元外加一块免费饼干的提议是因为他们不相信这份提议的真正价值。故选B。
5．What aspect of the nine further experiments is introduced in Paragraph 4
A．The moral concerns.
B．The research method.
C．The experiments' duration.
D．The participants' background.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段(另外九项实验使用在线问卷来呈现其他情况。其中包括给钱搭车回家，以及便宜得惊人的机票。在每一种情况下，超过一定的门槛，更高的潜在金钱收益降低了参与者接受提议的可能性。)可推知，本段介绍了九个进一步实验的研究方法。故选B。
6．Which psychological factor best explains the findings of the study
A．Fearful of “phantom costs”．
B．Afraid of violating social norms.
C．Committed to the standard economic model.
D．Unconcerned about an offer's “psychological value”．
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段(如果有人似乎违反了公认的规范，比如自私自利，而没有任何解释，我们就会假设他们有隐藏的动机，并推断会有“隐形成本”，即想象的后果会降低沃纳什所说的提议的“心理价值”，当下的因素之外，还可能有其他因素在起作用。沃纳什说：“理解别人的过度慷慨可能会让我们欠他们的债，这也有助于解释人们的不情愿。”)可推知，害怕“隐形成本”这一因素解释了研究的发现。故选A。
7．Why does the author mention the “cheap flights” experiment
A．To stress the unpredictability of human choices.
B．To illustrate how hidden motives affect people's choices.
C．To emphasize the importance of providing clear examples.
D．To show giving justifications can increase acceptance of offers.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘Uncomfortable seats aren't ... it was sufficient explanation.’(‘不舒服的座位通常不是卖点，’Vonasch(沃纳什)说。‘但告诉人们座位不舒服会让他们更愿意坐，因为这是一个充分的解释。’)”可推知，作者提到“廉价航班”实验是为了表明给出理由可以增加提议的接受度。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·江苏省苏州市工业园区西安交通大学苏州附属中学高三月考)Until the final moments of their graduation ceremony, 1，200 graduates of the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth thought their most memorable experience would be just the heavy rain. However, as they were about to __1__ their diplomas (毕业文凭), guest speaker Rob Hale, a billionaire businessman, __2__ them. He announced that he would give each graduate $1，000: $500 for themselves and $500 to give to a good __3__．
Ali McKelvey, a student, recalled the __4__ among her classmates. Yet, it was no __5__. Hale, co founder and CEO of Granite Telecommunications, has a history of generous actions, __6__ $1 million weekly in 2022. Despite his success, he hasn't forgotten the experience of __7__ everything when his first company went bankrupt (破产) over 20 years ago.
Hale and his wife find joy in giving, hoping to __8__ the same spirit in the graduates. He believes that experiencing the joy of giving could encourage them to __9__ generosity in their lives, especially in these difficult times.
UMass Dartmouth, smaller than its main campus, __10__ many first generation and lower income students. Since they received the __11__ gifts, the graduates have packed up, polished résumés, and __12__ where to donate their $500. Hale said he had yet to be disappointed by any of the results.
Now, Hale's gift has become a(n) __13__ on graduation day. His generosity has encouraged many graduates these years, like McKelvey, who, __14__ by her studies on the __15__ of disadvantaged women, finally donated to a women's shelter to improve their conditions.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在马萨诸塞大学达特茅斯分校的毕业典礼上，一位亿万富翁给毕业生们慷慨捐赠，同时激励他们传递善行的感人故事。
1．A.collect B．identify
C．recognize D．award
答案：A
解析：collect领取；收集；identify认出，识别；recognize认出；award授予。根据上文“Until the final moments of their graduation ceremony”可知，故事发生在毕业日。再根据主语“they”以及设空后的宾语“their diplomas (毕业文凭)”可推知，学生们正要领取毕业证。故选A。
2．A.surprised B．employed
C．satisfied D．praised
答案：A
解析：surprise使惊讶；employ雇用；satisfy使满意；praise赞扬。根据上文“Until the final moments ... just the heavy rain.”及下文“He announced that he would give each graduate $1，000”可知，学生们本以为最难忘的可能是毕业日的那场大雨。由此可推知，这位嘉宾的捐赠对学生们来说是一个惊喜。故选A。
3．A.graduate B．grade
C．cause D．company
答案：C
解析：graduate大学毕业生；grade分数；cause事业；company公司。根据下文“has a history of generous actions”可知，Rob Hale (罗伯·黑尔)曾从事慈善事业，由此可知，此处指他将另外500美元捐赠给慈善事业。故选C。
4．A.disagreement B．disapproval
C．disappointment D．disbelief
答案：D
解析：disagreement分歧；disapproval 不赞同；disappointment失望；disbelief不相信。根据上文可知，富豪的捐赠对学生们而言是一个惊喜。由此可推知，当时同学们的脸上都是难以置信的表情。故选D。
5．A.luck B．secret
C．joke D．answer
答案：B
解析：根据下文“has a history of generous actions”可知，这位富豪一直以来都在从事慈善事业。因此，这并不是什么秘密。故选B。
6．A.giving away B．setting aside
C．dealing with D．bringing in
答案：A
解析：give away捐赠，泄露；set aside留出，不理会；deal with处理，解决；bring in介绍，引入。此处应承接上文，讲述Hale慷慨捐赠的实例，即在2022年，Hale每周都捐赠100万美元。故选A。
7．A.losing B．sharing
C．destroying D．attempting
答案：A
解析：lose失去；share分享；destroy破坏；attempt尝试。根据下文“when his first company went bankrupt (破产) over 20 years ago”可知，20多年前 Hale的公司破产，由此可推知，当时他失去了一切。故选A。
8．A.record B．inspire
C．discover D．grasp
答案：B
解析：record记录；inspire激励；discover发现；grasp抓住；掌握。根据下文“He believes that ... could encourage them”可知，Hale认为赠予会让人感到快乐。由此可推知，Hale和妻子希望通过这样的方式激励学生学会去帮助需要帮助的人。故选B。
9．A.accept B．practice
C．explain D．observe
答案：B
解析：句意：他认为，体验捐赠的快乐可以鼓励他们在生活中践行慷慨之举，尤其是在这些艰难的时期。accept接受；practice践行，练习；explain解释；observe遵守。故选B。
10．A.admits B．invites
C．needs D．assesses
答案：A
解析：admit招收，承认；invite邀请；need需要；assess评估。根据主语“UMass Dartmouth”以及设空后的“many first generation and lower income students”以及常识可知，此处指招收了许多学生。故选A。
11．A.unpacked B．familiar
C．unexpected D．suitable
答案：C
解析：句意：自从收到这份意外的礼物后，毕业生们已经收拾行囊，打磨简历，并决定如何将他们的500美元捐赠出去。unpacked未包装的；familiar熟悉的；unexpected意外的；suitable合适的。故选C。
12．A.remembered B．ignored
C．suggested D．decided
答案：D
解析：remember记得；ignore忽视；suggest建议；decide决定。此处指受到了Hale的激励，学生们决定将500美元捐赠出去。故选D。
13．A.principle B．test
C．exception D．tradition
答案：D
解析：principle原则；test测试；exception例外；tradition传统。根据下文“His generosity has encouraged many graduates these years”可知，Hale的捐赠已经进行了很多年，所以已成为毕业日的一项传统。故选D。
14．A.touched B．attained
C．challenged D．motivated
答案：D
解析：touch触摸；attain获得；challenge挑战；motivate激励。根据下文“by her studies on the __15__ of disadvantaged women”可知，她受到了自己对弱势女性困境研究的激励。故选D。
15．A.purposes B．weaknesses
C．struggles D．interests
答案：C
解析：purpose目的，意图；weakness弱点；struggle挣扎，努力；interest兴趣。根据下文“disadvantaged women”及“finally donated to a women's shelter to improve their conditions”可知，这些在庇护所的女性一直在十分艰苦的生活条件下努力挣扎。故选C。
聚焦写作 一箭三雕
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2025·四川省广元市川师大万达中学高三检测)The Yingge dance is a combination of opera, dance and wushu. Typically, the dance __1__ (perform) during festivals and celebrations, with dancers wearing colorful costumes and carrying masks, snakes, spears and drums. Its rich history and cultural __2__ (significant) have earned it the distinction of being classified as a national intangible cultural heritage in China.
On Chinese New Year, a Yingge team __3__ (consist) of 16 dancers from the Chaoshan region of Guangdong Province gave a wonderful performance in London. The event provided __4__ unique opportunity for UK residents to experience the richness and diversity of Chinese culture.
The dance team's commitment __5__ their craft was evident in their preparation. For over a month, they devoted __6__ (they) to perfecting their performance, ensuring every step, every gesture, and every beat was in harmony. The dancers, many of __7__ had more than 15 years of performance experience, showed their devotion to preserving this ancient art form.
So far, the Yingge dance __8__ (cross) borders, attracting audiences in foreign countries such as Thailand. The celebration of the Spring Festival has become a global phenomenon, with “Spring Festival Parades” __9__ (hold) in several countries each year. Nearly one fifth of the world's population now celebrates the Chinese New Year in __10__ (vary) styles, reflecting the growing influence of Chinese culture worldwide.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了潮汕英歌舞的特点，并指出，作为一种传统的中国文化形式，英歌舞受到了海内外的欢迎。
1．答案：is performed
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处为谓语，描述一般事实，句子应用一般现在时，单数主语the dance和动词perform之间是被动关系。故填is performed。
2．答案：significance
解析：考查词性转换。句意：它丰富的历史和文化意义为它赢得了被列为中国国家级非物质文化遗产的荣誉。设空处为主语，应用名词，表示“意义”。故填significance。
3．答案：consisting
解析：考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语gave，设空处应用非谓语动词，a Yingge team和consist之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填consisting。
4．答案：a
解析：考查冠词。设空处修饰名词opportunity，表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且unique的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
5．答案：to
解析：考查介词。句意：舞蹈队对技艺的投入在他们的准备工作中可见一斑。短语commitment to意为“投入，致力于”。故填to。
6．答案：themselves
解析：考查固定短语。句意：在一个多月的时间里，他们致力于完善自己的表演，确保每一步，每一个手势，每一个节拍都和谐统一。短语devote oneself to意为“致力于”。故填themselves。
7．答案：whom
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为The dancers，指人，且关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语。故填whom。
8．答案：has crossed
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语So far可知，应用现在完成时，主语the Yingge dance为单数，助动词应用has。故填has crossed。
9．答案：held
解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处为宾语补足语，和宾语Spring Festival Parades之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填held。
10．答案：various/varied
解析：考查词性转换。设空处修饰名词styles，作定语，应用形容词，表示“各种各样的”。故填various/varied。
Ⅱ.应用文写作
(2025·辽宁省丹东市五校协作体高三月考)假定你是李华，你的新西兰笔友Jerry来信表示对中国文化很感兴趣，恰逢你校开设了英文线上课程——“中国戏曲鉴赏(Appreciation of Chinese Opera)”，请你回信向他推荐此课程。内容包括：
1．开设时间；
2．课程内容；
3．推荐理由。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[精彩范文]
Dear Jerry，
Knowing that you are interested in Chinese culture, I'd like to recommend to you our school's online course—Appreciation of Chinese Opera.
The course, which aims to bring authentic Chinese traditional opera for students both at home and abroad, is scheduled to be available in September on our school website, which will get updated every Monday morning. In this course, you will get to know the history and various types of Chinese opera, which are all of unique characteristics. Moreover, it will introduce the music in opera, which is usually accompanied by traditional Chinese instruments like erhu. The most attractive part, in my opinion, is the fancy costumes and makeup. In a word, the course is a good chance for you to deepen your understanding of traditional Chinese culture.
I do hope my recommendation can be of help.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·云南省昆明市第一中学等校高三联考)When major aspects of life take a downturn, the minor matters tend to bother you even more. This was my experience last year. My husband, Ethan, faced layoff, while I was still employed but only on a part time basis. The uncertainty about our future weighed heavily on my mind. It was during this time that something seemingly insignificant like a signpost began to really bother me.
A relic from the previous homeowners, the signpost had already seen better days when we moved in. The past years hadn't been kind to it. The paint had faded and the metal pole supporting the sign was rusted (生锈的). The pole had been struck by passing vehicles, resulting in a slight bend. Despite this, since it could still show directions and our visitors never complained, there seemed to be no urgent need for a replacement. However, every time I laid eyes on it, it served as a constant reminder of all the challenges in my life.
“I wish we had a better signpost，” I caught myself thinking as I pulled out of the driveway one morning. It was more of a fleeting thought than a sincere prayer. Perhaps I would have completely forgotten about it if not for what happened next.
When I got home from work, Ethan informed me, “Our neighbor Benjamin texted. A girl drove straight into our pletely knocked it down.”
“Is she alright？” I asked.
“No idea. Benjamin just saw it from a distance，” Ethan replied.
Considering the current state of our finances, buying a new signpost was definitely not something we could afford. I let out a sigh, realizing the truth behind the saying: “Be careful what you wish for.”
The next morning, I pushed the thought of the signpost aside and prepared for the day ahead. Getting into my car, I drove into the driveway.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Where our rusted signpost had once stood was a better one. “You didn't check the back of the signpost, did you？” Ethan greeted me at dusk.
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在家庭面临经济困难时前房主留下的为拜访者指引方向的旧路标被意外撞倒，这给本来就拮据的一家人增添了新的烦恼。被送来的新的路标是怎么回事？作者在新路标的背面又发现了什么？
[精彩范文]
Where our rusted signpost had once stood was a better one. To my surprise, the new signpost was beautifully crafted and looked like it belonged to a modern art exhibit. The pole was sturdy, freshly painted, and well aligned, making me wonder who had placed this gift at our doorstep. With curiosity piqued, I approached it and noticed a note attached to it—a simple card with handwritten words: “Sorry for the accident. I hope this adds a little brightness to your day.—Audree.”
“You didn't check the back of the signpost, did you？” Ethan greeted me at dusk. Confused, I walked back to the signpost and turned it around. Attached delicately to the back was a small potted plant, its green leaves fresh and vibrant. It was accompanied by a second note, reading, “Life is full of unexpected turns. Let this plant be a reminder that new beginnings can blossom from any setback.” At that moment, I felt a warmth spreading through my chest, realizing that kindness from a stranger had turned a setback into an unexpected blessing.
1(共114张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
第一编 教材复习
选择性必修第四册
Unit 4 Everyday economics
单元话题
语法
写作
社会经济
定语从句复习
社会现象类议论文
教材深挖
高效课时作业
目录
CONTENTS
2
3
高效晨背
1
高效晨背
一 背记单词/词块
◎创业
1．________ n. 投入(物)
2．obstacle n. __________________
3．________ n. 阶段，时期
4．__________ n. (高中或大学的)一年级学生
5．afloat adj. ____________________________
6．rational adj. __________________________________
7．________ v. (短期的)租用，租借
8．________ n. 滥用
input
障碍，阻碍，妨碍
phase
freshman
经济上周转得开的；不欠债的
(想法、决定等)合理的，基于理性的
hire
abuse
◎生活
9．cosmetics n. ________________
10．________ v. 购买
11．________ n. 奖金；红利
12．________ n. 庄园
13．designer clothes __________
14．______ n. 偷窃，偷盗
15．________ n. (女式)钱包
化妆品，美容品
purchase
bonus
estate
名牌服装
theft
purse
◎其他
16．________ n. 额，前额
17．____________ n. 女主席；女会长
18．sunrise n. ________________________
19．________ n. 突然的兴趣，迷恋
20．________ n. 赤道
21．________ adj. 质量上乘的，优质的
22．________ n. 卡(路里)
23．exceed v. ____________
24．toddler n. ____________________________
25．thereby adv. ____________
forehead
chairwoman
日出(时分)；黎明；拂晓
bug
equator
superior
calorie
超过，超出
学步的儿童，刚学走路的小孩
因此，由此
二 词形变化
1.blank adj. 木然的→________ adv. 茫然地
2．dizzy adj. 头晕目眩的→________ adv. 使人眼花地→________ n. 头晕
3．potential n. 潜力→____________ adv. 潜在地
4．enterprise n. 进取心→___________________ adj. 有事业心的；有进取心的→________________ adj. 创业的
5．manufacture v. 制造→______________ n. 制造商
6．distribute v. 分发→____________ n. 分销
7．guide v. 引导 n. 指南；导游→__________ n. 指导
blankly
dizzily
dizziness
potentially
enterprising
entrepreneurial
manufacturer
distribution
guidance
8．consult v. 咨询；商量→___________ n. 顾问
9．convention n. 习俗；公约→______________ adj. 传统的
10．discriminate v. 歧视→______________ n. 歧视
11．mild adj. 淡的→________ adv. 温和地
12．subject n. 主题→__________ adj. 主观的
13．interfere v. 介入→____________ n. 干涉
14．finance n. 财政→__________ adj. 财政的
15．accumulate v. 积累→______________ n. 积累
consultant
conventional
discrimination
mildly
subjective
interference
financial
accumulation
16．automatic adj. 自动的→______________ adv. 自动地
17．sorrow n. 不幸→__________ adj. 悲伤的
18．frustrate v. 使懊恼→____________ adj. 懊恼的→__________ n. 懊丧
19．supervise v. 监督→__________ n. 监督
20．expense n. 费用→____________ adj. 昂贵的
automatically
sorrowful
frustrated
frustration
supervision
expensive
1．As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again with ________ mind, you begin to do it ______________. (automatic)
2．She looked _______， so she stared ________ into space, not knowing what to write. (blank)
3．In the previous example, you would name a limit around how to handle ____________ with classwork：“we take a break if we're __________. (frustrate)
4．The organization ____________ our products and the ____________ costs rise to one fifth of sales. (distribute)
automatic
automatically
blank
blankly
frustration
frustrated
distributes
distribution
5．The ________ gave me some ________ about where to spend holiday. (guide)
6．If you have difficulty completing the project on time, you can ___________ an experienced leader or ____________ about how to do it. (consult)
7．Employers cannot ____________________ on grounds of age. However, there is widespread ______________ against older people in the job market. (discriminate)
8．Her __________ eyes reflected the deep ____________ she felt after losing her loved one. (sorrow)
guide
guidance
consult
consultant
discriminate
discrimination
sorrowful
sorrow
1.blank [熟义] n. 空白，遗忘；空白处
adj. 空白的
[生义] adj. __________________________
2.bonus [熟义] n. 红利；奖金；津贴
[生义] n. ____________
3．mild [熟义] adj. 和善的；随和的；轻微的；不严重的
[生义] adj. ________________________________
4．afloat [熟义] adj. 漂浮的
[生义] adj. ____________________________
三 熟词生义
无表情的，茫然的，单调的
额外的好处
暖和的，温暖的；不浓烈的，淡的
经济上周转得开的，不欠债的
1．The area is famous for its very mild winter climate.
这个地区因冬季气候十分________而著名。
2．His expression remained studiously blank.
他的表情仍是那种故作________。
3．They will have to borrow ￡10 million next year, just to stay afloat.
明年他们得举债1，000 万英镑才能________。
4．Being able to walk to work is an added bonus of the new job.
能够步行去上班是这份新工作____________。
温暖
茫然状
周转开
额外的好处
1.含 fore (前的)前缀的单词面面观 ①__________ n. 额，前额 ②_________ vt.& n. 预报 ③_______ vt. 预见；预知 ④foreword n. 前言；序言 ⑤forearm n. 前臂 ⑥foretell v. 预告 2.攻克“空的”形容词 ①______ ②_______ ③hollow ④_______ ⑤vacuous 3.“奖金与利润”相关名词小结
①________津贴；奖金；红利
②profit 利润
③_________ 利息
④_______ 奖；奖金
⑤prize 奖，奖金
⑥earnings 利润
小积累 word familes
forehead
forecast
foresee
blank
empty
vacant
bonus
interest
award
一 词表短语/课文短语
1.________________ 使收支仅能相抵
2．_____________ 妨碍，阻止
3．____________ 陷入债务之中，负债
4．_________ 出租(房屋、房间、土地等)
5．________________ 以损害……为代价
6．________________ 挣扎做某事
make ends meet
interfere with
go into debt
rent out
at the expense of
struggle to do sth
选用上面的短语填空
1．Knowing what hard work his mother did to ________________， John really didn't want his mother to worry.
2．She ______________ after buying a series of luxury handbags she couldn't afford.
3．I do not approve of your going for sports _______________ your school work.
4．Frequently going out on a date may result in frequent absence from classes, which will ____________ their studies.
make ends meet
went into debt
at the expense of
interfere with
二 写作词块
1.__________________ 深呼吸
2．______________ 怀着……的希望
3．_________ 开始，着手进行
4．____________________________ 克服一些障碍
5．________________________________ 寻求专家顾问的指导
6．___________ 最重要的是
7．____________________ 了解某人自己的极限
8．_____________ 减少；削减
take a deep breath
in the hope of
start out
overcome a number of obstacles
seek guidance from expert consultants
most of all
know one's own limits
cut down on
9．_________________ 情况常常如此
10．___________ 此外
11．_____________ 受制于，遭受
12．______________ 与……有关
as is often the case
in addition
be subject to
be relevant to
1．(教材P50)他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。(独立主格结构)
__________________________________________________________________
2．(教材P51)直到她结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时，才意识到这里的潜力。(强调句型)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
3．(教材P51)她并不是唯一一个被创业所吸引的年轻人。(动词不定式短语作后置定语)
__________________________________________________________
They stared back, their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next.
It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential.
She is not the only young person to have been bitten by the start up bug.
教材深挖
自主检测
一、重点单词
1．________ v. 介入
2．________ n. 潜力
3．frustrate v. 使懊恼→_________ adj. 懊恼的→__________ n. 懊恼
4．guide v. 引导 n. 指南；导游→_________ n. 指导
5．accumulate v. 积累→______________ n. 积累
6．discriminate v. 歧视→______________ n. 歧视
7．distribute v. 分发→____________ n. 分销
interfere
potential
frustrated
frustration
guidance
accumulation
discrimination
distribution
8．finance n. 财政→________ adj. 财政的
9．enterprise n. 进取心→___________________ adj. 有事业心的；有进取心的→________________ adj. 创业的
10．mild adj. 淡的→________ adv. 温和地
financial
enterprising
entrepreneurial
mildly
1.chunk/t k/n. __________________________ 2．curve/k v/n. ____________ 3．vocational/v 'keI n( )l/adj. _____________________ 4．gorgeous/'ɡ d s/adj. ________________________ 5．deem/di m/v. ______________ 6.stem/stem/n. ____________________
v. ______________
7．accustomed/ 'k st md/adj. ________________
8．invade/In'veId/v. ______________
拔高词汇— 高分必备
厚块，大块；相当大的量
曲线；弧线
职业的；业务知识的
美丽动人的；令人愉快的
认为；相信
(植物、灌木的)茎，干
阻止，遏制
习惯的，适应的
武力入侵，侵略
二、重点语块
I've been ____________ (挣扎做某事) ______________ (使收支仅能相抵) lately, as my expenses have surpassed my income. Trying to keep up with the latest designer clothes I had to _________ (出租) a room to cover the expense, which unfortunately led me to ____________ (负债). However, I realize that this lifestyle is ____________ (妨碍) my financial stability and I must adjust it, even if it's _________________ (以损害……为代价) some of my material desires.
struggling to
make ends meet
rent out
go into debt
interfering with
at the expense of
三、重点句式
1．把所有因素都考虑进去，你的计划似乎更可靠。(独立主格结构)
________________________________， your plan seems to be more reliable.
2．直到昨天我才被告知他生病住院了。(强调句型)
__________________________ I was told that he was ill in hospital.
All factors taken into consideration
It was not until yesterday that
四、写作佳句
1．【教材P50】发言时，张悦把手藏在背后，以掩饰双手的颤抖。
____________________________________________________________________
2．【教材P51】不过他们的成功之路仍然漫长而艰难，一路上会遇到许多挑战。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
As she spoke, Zhang Yue put her hands behind her back to hide that they were shaking.
The road to their success is however still a long and difficult one, with many challenges along the way.
3．【教材P60】尽管如此，共享经济无疑正在与我们的日常生活以及全球经济产生越来越密切的联系。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4．【教材P62】非现金支付越来越受欢迎，使用现金的人越来越少。
_______________________________________________________________________________
Nonetheless, what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy.
Non cash payments are becoming increasingly popular, with fewer and fewer people using cash.
硬核考点
考点1 potential n. (事物的)潜力；可能性adj. 潜在的，可能的
the potential for (doing) sth (做)某事的可能性/潜在性
the potential to do sth 做某事的潜力
realise/achieve one's (full) potential (充分)发挥某人的潜力
1.A climate change researcher said the successful experiment could _____________ (potential) benefit many countries.
2．People who do not smoke have less potential _____ suffering from lung cancer than those who smoke.
3．History has the potential ________ (break) down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.
4．作为一名优秀的老师，她使用不同的方法来鼓励她的学生充分发挥他们的潜力。
As a good teacher, she uses different ways to _______________________________
__________________．
potentially
for
to break
encourage her students to realise/achieve their full potential
考点2 distribution n. (商品的)分销，经销；分配，分布；分发，分送
distribute sth to ... 把某物分配/分发给……
distribute (sth) among 在……中分配/分发(某物)
1.In Western countries, due to the unreasonable individual income ______________ (distribute), the gap between the rich and the poor has become an outstanding issue.
2．Thousands of soldiers are working to distribute food and blankets ________ the refugees.
3．In the move most of the furniture was left to the neighbors or distributed ______ friends.
4．至于参加考试，如果你根据问题的数量来分配你的时间会很有帮助。
As for taking the exam, it would be helpful _________________________________
______________________．
distribution
to
among
if you distribute your time according to the number of questions
考点3 guidance n. 指导，引导；导航
under the guidance of sb＝under one's guidance 在某人的指导下
guide sb to/through/around ... 领某人去/穿过/参观……
a guide to grammar 语法指南
1.________ the guidance of their father, they took positive actions and started all over again.
2．He guided her ______ the hall to attend the great wedding.
3．我期待着在她的专业指导下工作。
I was looking forward to working ________________________．
＝I was looking forward to working ______________________________．
Under
to
under her expert guidance
under the expert guidance of her
考点4 consultant n. 顾问
consult sb about sth 向某人咨询/请教某事
consult with sb about/on sth 与某人商量某事
1.I'm a 34 year old man, married, live in a nice house, and have a successful career as an educational ____________ (consult)．
2．He often goes to my office to consult me ______ the method of learning English.
3．After I consulted with my parents, I made up my mind to major in computer.
→___________________________， I made up my mind to major in computer.(分词短语作状语)
4．如有兴趣，请于周四前将英文申请表寄至校长办公室。如需进一步信息，请咨询我们。(写作佳句)
If interested, please send your application in English to the office of the principal before Thursday. ______________________________________．
consultant
about
Having consulted with my parents
Please consult us for any further information
【北师版选择性必修第三册写作佳句】
Keep doing this, and you can become an expert or a specialist in something one day.
持之以恒，这样有一天你才会成为某个行业的专家或专业人士。
考点5 sorrow n. [C] 令人悲伤的事，不幸 [U] 悲伤；悲痛
to one's sorrow 令某人悲痛的是
share happiness and sorrow 同甘共苦
drown one's sorrows 借酒消愁
mix joy with sorrow 悲喜交加
1.Much ____ his sorrow, his new house beside the lake was burnt to the ground by a terrible fire.
2．Her son's return made her mix joy ________ sorrow.
3．As a matter of fact, he daren't look up to see her ____________ (sorrow) eyes.
4．悲伤的泪水顺着脸颊往下流，我紧紧地拥抱着父亲，说道：“我又失败了。” (写作佳句)
______________________________________， I hugged my father tightly, saying, “I failed again.”
5．真正的朋友应该与你同甘共苦。(写作佳句)
True friend should __________________________ with you.
to
with
sorrowful
With tears of sorrow rolling down my cheeks
share happiness and sorrow
考点6 expense n. 费用，花费；代价
at sb's expense 由某人付费
at the expense of ... 以牺牲/损害……为代价
afford the expense of ... 负担得起……的费用
at huge/great expense 花一大笔费用
cut down/reduce expenses 削减开支
spare no expense 不惜代价，不惜费用
expense作“开支，花费”讲时常用复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词常用复数。
1.One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living _________ (expense)．
2．The whole team went out for dinner after winning the championship, all _______ the coach's expense.
3．现在大多数父母都不惜费用地教育他们的孩子。
The majority of parents ________________ in educating their children nowadays.
4．现在越来越多的人意识到我们不应该以牺牲环境作为代价来发展经济这一事实。(写作佳句)
Nowadays more and more people have come to realise the fact _________________
_____________________________________________．
expenses
at
spare no expense
that we shouldn't develop economy at the expense of the environment
考点7 go into debt 陷入债务之中，负债
in debt 负债；欠情
out of debt 不欠债，还清债务
get into debt 负债，欠债
get out of debt 摆脱债务，不负债
pay off one's debts 还清某人的债务
be in one's debt＝owe sb a debt 欠某人的人情债；受某人的恩惠；感激某人
1.We were poor but we never got ______ debt.
2．I already sold the house to get us ____ of debt.
3．The easiest solution would be to sell the car and pay _____ their debts.
4．债台高筑的爸爸绝望地对妈妈说：“现在只有奇迹才能救他。”
____________________， Dad said to Mom in desperation, “Only a miracle can save him now.”
5．那时他对我太好了，我永远都还不清欠他的人情债。
He was so good to me that I can never repay ____________________．
into
out
off
Being in heavy debt
the debt I owed him
【人教版必修第三册写作佳句】
I don't think a man's main mission in life is to earn as much money as possible. My dream is to live a more meaningful life.
我认为一个人一生的主要任务不是尽可能多地挣钱。我的梦想是过上更有意义的生活。
1
强化训练
一、单句语法填空
1．Thank you so much for having been our ________ (consult) for such a long time.
2．Although he only joined the company last year, he is senior to me already and has the potential ________________ (promote).
3．Her success was a result of the _______________ (accumulate) of hard work and dedication over many years.
4．They distributed recycling bins __ every household and educated the community about the importance of responsible waste management.
consultant
to be promoted
accumulation
to
5．I couldn't be more grateful if you could take a little time out of your busy schedule to give me some ________ (guide)．
6．The rich man was tricked out of 40 million dollars and then he was _____ heavy debt.
7．In South Africa, Gandhi was surprised to find that the problem of racial ______________ (discriminate) was serious.
8．Questions have been arising concerning the company's ________ (finance) records since last year.
9．_____ our sorrow, it was alcohol abuse that ruined his fitness and his life.
10．The boss treated his employees to a fancy dinner ____ his own expense.
guidance
in
discrimination
financial
To
at
二、熟词生义
1．This cheese has a soft, mild flavour._______
2．He received a free gift with purchase, which was a nice bonus. ____________
3．He stood in the room for a while, staring at me with a blank expression on his face. _________
4．With careful budgeting, she was able to keep her finances afloat despite the rise in living costs. _________
淡的
额外的好处
木然的
周转得开
词缀 含义 例词
al 表示_______________ ____________ ______________, individual, professional, traditional, national, universal, personal, natural
三、构词法
具有……的；属于……的
conventional
写出下列黑体词的含义
1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. _________
2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs._________
3．(2024·北京高考)Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. _________
传统的
自然的
个人的
4．(2023·北京高考)Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates. _________
5．Given that you are busy, I'd be very appreciative if you offer to give some professional advice. ________
6．It is a universal truth that children need love and attention to grow healthily. ________
传统的
专业的
普遍的
四、补全句子
1．这位运动员在奥运会上的成功是以多年的艰苦训练和牺牲为代价的。
The athlete's success in the Olympics came _______________________________
_______________．
2．物价上涨这么快，许多人都觉得入不敷出。
Many people find it hard to ________________ with prices going up so fast.
3．星星明亮地闪烁，我们晚上可以清楚地看到它们。
______________________， we can see them clearly at night.
at the expense of years of hard training and sacrifices
make ends meet
The stars shining brightly
4．我喜欢和她交朋友，因为她关心我，我可以和她分享我的喜怒哀乐。
I like making friends with her, because she is concerned with me and I can ________
______________________________．
5．没有什么能阻止我们实现目标。
There is nothing ____________________________________．
6．就在那时，我下定决心要回中国。
________________________________ to go back to China.
share my happiness and sorrows with her
that can stop us (from) achieving our goals
It was then that I made up my mind
五、长难句分析
(2024·北京高考)When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and gives us the opportunity to make right choices.
句意：当我们慢下来的时候，我们创造了空间来反思我们的思想和情感，这有助于我们识别生活中的重要领域，并给我们机会做出正确的选择。
分析：句子主干是________________。句中When引导__________从句；which引导______________从句，指代前面的____________，其中to make right choices是动词不定式短语作__________，修饰限定______________。
we create space
时间状语
非限制性定语
整个主句
后置定语
opportunity
读写用—素养提升
一、深化阅读——明晰考向 以阅读养阅读
(2022·全国甲卷)As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick－started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take__the__plunge．
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last－minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go，” she says. “I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has，” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。71岁的Ginni Bazlinton(金尼·贝兹灵顿)从小热爱旅行，渴望探险。她退休并在孩子们独立后开始周游世界，在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
28．Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2
A．Try challenging things. B．Take a degree.
C．Bring back lost memories. D．Stick to a promise.
解析：词义猜测题。画线部分前文“Throughout her career ... longed to explore further.”提到在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索。画线部分所在句表示“当她退休并且她的儿子们最终独立生活后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情”。由此可推知，画线部分take the plunge表示“尝试有挑战性的事情”。故选A。
29．What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A．Lovely penguins. B．Beautiful scenery.
C．A discount fare. D．A friend's invitation.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile ... islands off Tierra del Fuego(正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知，是一张折扣票让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。
30．What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A．It could be a home for her.
B．It should be easily accessible.
C．It should be well preserved.
D．It needs to be fully introduced.
解析：细节理解题。根据四个选项A项(这可能是她的一个家。)，B项(它应该很容易到达。)，C项(它应该得到很好的保护)，D项(它需要被充分介绍。)并结合当今保护南极洲的自然环境这一时代性的号召可知，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。
31．What is the text mainly about
A．A childhood dream.
B．An unforgettable experience.
C．Sailing around the world.
D．Meeting animals in Antarctica.
解析：主旨大意题。文章着重介绍了Ginni难忘的南极洲奇遇。A项(一个童年梦想。)与全文主题不符；C项(环游世界。)范畴超过了本文内容；D项(遇见南极洲的动物。)以偏概全。故选B。
正向引领秒杀答案
语篇阅读类文章的选材不但体现了广泛性，还涉及时代性、真实性和思想性等方面，体现了思想上的引导和教育。做题时需尽量准确把握命题人的选材意图和文章的写作意图；要具备高度思维，一些积极的、正能量的、与观点呼应的选项往往读完题干和选项就能锁定答案。
二、读后续写——必备微技能
高品素材 扩句
1．加形容词
可以是一个形容词，也可以是并列形容词或者形容词短语。
(1)The innocent girl unwrapped her delicate gift box.
这个天真的女孩打开了她精致的礼品盒。
(2)Curious and excited, the girl unwrapped her gift box.
这个女孩好奇而兴奋，打开了她的礼品盒。
(3)Full of joy, the girl unwrapped her gift box.
女孩满心喜悦，打开了她的礼品盒。
2．加介词短语
(1)Without any hesitation, the girl unwrapped her gift box.
那女孩毫不犹豫地打开了她的礼品盒。
(2)In surprise, the girl unwrapped her gift box.
女孩惊讶地打开了她的礼品盒。
3．加非谓语动词
(1)Screaming with excitement, the girl unwrapped her gift box.
＝The girl, screaming with excitement, unwrapped her gift box. (放在句中，有两个逗号)
＝The girl unwrapped her gift box, screaming with excitement. (放在句尾)
女孩兴奋地尖叫着，打开了她的礼品盒。
(2)Held by her mom, the girl unwrapped her gift box.
女孩被她妈妈抱着，打开了她的礼品盒。
4．加with复合结构或独立主格
(1)With her mouth wide open, the girl unwrapped her gift box.
女孩张大了嘴巴，打开了她的礼品盒。
(2)With her heart beating wildly, the girl unwrapped her gift box.
女孩怀着狂跳的心，打开了她的礼品盒。
(3)The girl unwrapped her delicate gift box, her fingers trembling in anticipation.
女孩打开了她精致的礼品盒，她的手指因期待而微微颤抖。
5．加定语从句
(1)The girl unwrapped her gift box which she had been looking forward to.
女孩打开了她一直期待的礼品盒。
(2)The girl unwrapped her gift box which was tied with red ribbon.
女孩打开了她用红丝带系好的礼品盒。
高效课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读
A
(2025·湖南省邵阳市邵东市第一中学高三第二次月考)
Investment Competition
About the Competition
The Wharton Global High School Investment Competition is a free, online investment simulation (模拟) for high school students(9th to 12th grade)and teachers. Students work in teams of four to seven, guided by a teacher as their advisor (顾问). Together, they learn about teamwork, communication, risk, companies and industry analysis and many other important aspects of investing.
Teams examine a brief case study featuring a potential client and are tasked with working closely to meet that client's long term investment goals. Equipped with an approved stock list and the Wharton Investment Simulator (WInS), which allows them to simulate (模拟) stock trading, students develop an investment strategy, analyze sectors and companies, and build a portfolio (投资组合) using $100，000 in virtual cash provided by WInS over the course of 10 weeks. Winners are selected on the strength of their team strategies, not on the growth of their portfolios.
Results
Final reports are reviewed by a team of judges, who select 50 semi finalist teams. Those teams are invited to present their strategies to a panel of expert judges at the virtual semifinals. The top 10 teams from the semifinals move on to the final of the competition, the Global Finale, at Wharton in Philadelphia.
Please Remember
Once advisors register for the competition, they will receive a confirmation email with instructions to set up their student team accounts on WInS, our trading platform. Student team accounts must be set up no later than September 20, 2025. In order to complete the registration form, advisors will need to：
Choose the username and password for their advisor accounts.
Provide their school issued email address, as well as a back up email address where all competition communications will be sent.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了沃顿商学院全球高中投资竞赛的详细情况。
1．What's the function of WInS
A．Offering virtual cash.
B．Studying some brief cases.
C．Making people win business.
D．Understanding clients' requirements.
解析：细节理解题。根据About the Competition部分第二段中的“students develop an investment ... WInS over the course of 10 weeks”可知，WInS的功能是给参赛者提供虚拟现金。故选A。
2．What can we know about the Global Finale
A．All final reports must be delivered to it.
B．It's the highest level of the competition.
C．It's a final graded by clients' opinions.
D．About fifty teams can participate in it.
解析：细节理解题。根据Results部分中的“The top 10 teams ... at Wharton in Philadelphia.”可知，the Global Finale是这个比赛的最后决赛，也就是最高级别的比赛。故选B。
3．What should advisors do after registering for the competition
A．Send a confirmation email to judges.
B．Guide students to create their own accounts.
C．Ensure team members are from the same school.
D．Build the student team accounts on the specific platform.
解析：细节理解题。根据Please Remember部分第一段中的“Once advisors register for ... our trading platform.”可知，注册参加比赛后，顾问应该在特定平台上建立学生团队账户。故选D。
B
(2025·四川省遂宁涪江中学高三月考)If a stranger offered you a free cookie, you might well eat it. But what if they offered to also give you $2 You might politely decline and walk away thinking, “Something smells fishy.”
In a study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of “free money”， as well as unusually cheap services, because they seem “too good to be true”．
In the initial experiment, nearly 40 percent of participants ate a cookie offered freely—compared with about 20 percent of those offered $2 as well. “People typically imagine things like someone did something disgusting to the cookie，” says study lead author Andrew J. Vonasch, a psychological scientist at the University of Canterbury in NewZealand.
Nine further experiments used online questionnaires to present other cases. These included being offered money to accept a ride home and surprisingly cheap flights. In each case, past a certain threshold (门槛), higher potential monetary gain reduced participants' likelihood of accepting the offer.
Vonasch says the study illustrates that contrary to the “standard economic model”， which supposes humans always seek to maximize gains, transactions (交易) need to also be understood as social interactions between people trying to understand each other's minds.
If someone seems to violate accepted norms, such as self interest, without any explanation, we assume they have hidden motives and infer there will be “phantom costs”， imagined consequences that reduce what Vonasch calls an offer's “psychological value”. Factors beyond the present moment may come into play. “Understanding that others' perceived overgenerosity may put us in their debt could also help explain people's reluctance，” says Vonasch.
The researchers also showed how to mitigate (减轻) the effect: simply provide a reason for the deal. The “cheap flights” experiment included a condition where the seats were revealed to be very uncomfortable. “Uncomfortable seats aren't typically a selling point，” Vonasch says. “But telling people the seats were uncomfortable made them more willing to take them because it was sufficient explanation.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过讲述为什么人们会拒绝看似过于慷慨的优惠或免费赠品来探讨经济学和心理学之间的联系。
4．Why might people reject an offer of $2 along with a free cookie
A．They dislike a money related offer.
B．They distrust the true value of the offer.
C．They think the offer is not good enough.
D．They suspect the offer only lasts a short time.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，研究人员发现，人们倾向于拒绝“意外之财”，以及异常便宜的服务，因为它们看起来“好得令人难以置信”。由此可知，人们会拒绝2美元外加一块免费饼干的提议是因为他们不相信这份提议的真正价值。故选B。
5．What aspect of the nine further experiments is introduced in Paragraph 4
A．The moral concerns.
B．The research method.
C．The experiments' duration.
D．The participants' background.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段(另外九项实验使用在线问卷来呈现其他情况。其中包括给钱搭车回家，以及便宜得惊人的机票。在每一种情况下，超过一定的门槛，更高的潜在金钱收益降低了参与者接受提议的可能性。)可推知，本段介绍了九个进一步实验的研究方法。故选B。
6．Which psychological factor best explains the findings of the study
A．Fearful of “phantom costs”．
B．Afraid of violating social norms.
C．Committed to the standard economic model.
D．Unconcerned about an offer's “psychological value”．
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段(如果有人似乎违反了公认的规范，比如自私自利，而没有任何解释，我们就会假设他们有隐藏的动机，并推断会有“隐形成本”，即想象的后果会降低沃纳什所说的提议的“心理价值”，当下的因素之外，还可能有其他因素在起作用。沃纳什说：“理解别人的过度慷慨可能会让我们欠他们的债，这也有助于解释人们的不情愿。”)可推知，害怕“隐形成本”这一因素解释了研究的发现。故选A。
7．Why does the author mention the “cheap flights” experiment
A．To stress the unpredictability of human choices.
B．To illustrate how hidden motives affect people's choices.
C．To emphasize the importance of providing clear examples.
D．To show giving justifications can increase acceptance of offers.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘Uncomfortable seats aren't ... it was sufficient explanation.’(‘不舒服的座位通常不是卖点，’Vonasch(沃纳什)说。‘但告诉人们座位不舒服会让他们更愿意坐，因为这是一个充分的解释。’)”可推知，作者提到“廉价航班”实验是为了表明给出理由可以增加提议的接受度。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·江苏省苏州市工业园区西安交通大学苏州附属中学高三月考)Until the final moments of their graduation ceremony, 1，200 graduates of the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth thought their most memorable experience would be just the heavy rain. However, as they were about to __1__ their diplomas (毕业文凭), guest speaker Rob Hale, a billionaire businessman, __2__ them. He announced that he would give each graduate $1，000: $500 for themselves and $500 to give to a good __3__．
Ali McKelvey, a student, recalled the __4__ among her classmates. Yet, it was no __5__. Hale, co founder and CEO of Granite Telecommunications, has a history of generous actions, __6__ $1 million weekly in 2022. Despite his success, he hasn't forgotten the experience of __7__ everything when his first company went bankrupt (破产) over 20 years ago.
Hale and his wife find joy in giving, hoping to __8__ the same spirit in the graduates. He believes that experiencing the joy of giving could encourage them to __9__ generosity in their lives, especially in these difficult times.
UMass Dartmouth, smaller than its main campus, __10__ many first generation and lower income students. Since they received the __11__ gifts, the graduates have packed up, polished résumés, and __12__ where to donate their $500. Hale said he had yet to be disappointed by any of the results.
Now, Hale's gift has become a(n) __13__ on graduation day. His generosity has encouraged many graduates these years, like McKelvey, who, __14__ by her studies on the __15__ of disadvantaged women, finally donated to a women's shelter to improve their conditions.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在马萨诸塞大学达特茅斯分校的毕业典礼上，一位亿万富翁给毕业生们慷慨捐赠，同时激励他们传递善行的感人故事。
1．A.collect B．identify
C．recognize D．award
解析：collect领取；收集；identify认出，识别；recognize认出；award授予。根据上文“Until the final moments of their graduation ceremony”可知，故事发生在毕业日。再根据主语“they”以及设空后的宾语“their diplomas (毕业文凭)”可推知，学生们正要领取毕业证。故选A。
2．A.surprised B．employed
C．satisfied D．praised
解析：surprise使惊讶；employ雇用；satisfy使满意；praise赞扬。根据上文“Until the final moments ... just the heavy rain.”及下文“He announced that he would give each graduate $1，000”可知，学生们本以为最难忘的可能是毕业日的那场大雨。由此可推知，这位嘉宾的捐赠对学生们来说是一个惊喜。故选A。
3．A.graduate B．grade
C．cause D．company
解析：graduate大学毕业生；grade分数；cause事业；company公司。根据下文“has a history of generous actions”可知，Rob Hale (罗伯·黑尔)曾从事慈善事业，由此可知，此处指他将另外500美元捐赠给慈善事业。故选C。
4．A.disagreement B．disapproval
C．disappointment D．disbelief
解析：disagreement分歧；disapproval 不赞同；disappointment失望；disbelief不相信。根据上文可知，富豪的捐赠对学生们而言是一个惊喜。由此可推知，当时同学们的脸上都是难以置信的表情。故选D。
5．A.luck B．secret
C．joke D．answer
解析：根据下文“has a history of generous actions”可知，这位富豪一直以来都在从事慈善事业。因此，这并不是什么秘密。故选B。
6．A.giving away B．setting aside
C．dealing with D．bringing in
解析：give away捐赠，泄露；set aside留出，不理会；deal with处理，解决；bring in介绍，引入。此处应承接上文，讲述Hale慷慨捐赠的实例，即在2022年，Hale每周都捐赠100万美元。故选A。
7．A.losing B．sharing
C．destroying D．attempting
解析：lose失去；share分享；destroy破坏；attempt尝试。根据下文“when his first company went bankrupt (破产) over 20 years ago”可知，20多年前 Hale的公司破产，由此可推知，当时他失去了一切。故选A。
8．A.record B．inspire
C．discover D．grasp
解析：record记录；inspire激励；discover发现；grasp抓住；掌握。根据下文“He believes that ... could encourage them”可知，Hale认为赠予会让人感到快乐。由此可推知，Hale和妻子希望通过这样的方式激励学生学会去帮助需要帮助的人。故选B。
9．A.accept B．practice
C．explain D．observe
解析：句意：他认为，体验捐赠的快乐可以鼓励他们在生活中践行慷慨之举，尤其是在这些艰难的时期。accept接受；practice践行，练习；explain解释；observe遵守。故选B。
10．A.admits B．invites
C．needs D．assesses
解析：admit招收，承认；invite邀请；need需要；assess评估。根据主语“UMass Dartmouth”以及设空后的“many first generation and lower income students”以及常识可知，此处指招收了许多学生。故选A。
11．A.unpacked B．familiar
C．unexpected D．suitable
解析：句意：自从收到这份意外的礼物后，毕业生们已经收拾行囊，打磨简历，并决定如何将他们的500美元捐赠出去。unpacked未包装的；familiar熟悉的；unexpected意外的；suitable合适的。故选C。
12．A.remembered B．ignored
C．suggested D．decided
解析：remember记得；ignore忽视；suggest建议；decide决定。此处指受到了Hale的激励，学生们决定将500美元捐赠出去。故选D。
13．A.principle B．test
C．exception D．tradition
解析：principle原则；test测试；exception例外；tradition传统。根据下文“His generosity has encouraged many graduates these years”可知，Hale的捐赠已经进行了很多年，所以已成为毕业日的一项传统。故选D。
14．A.touched B．attained
C．challenged D．motivated
解析：touch触摸；attain获得；challenge挑战；motivate激励。根据下文“by her studies on the __15__ of disadvantaged women”可知，她受到了自己对弱势女性困境研究的激励。故选D。
15．A.purposes B．weaknesses
C．struggles D．interests
解析：purpose目的，意图；weakness弱点；struggle挣扎，努力；interest兴趣。根据下文“disadvantaged women”及“finally donated to a women's shelter to improve their conditions”可知，这些在庇护所的女性一直在十分艰苦的生活条件下努力挣扎。故选C。
聚焦写作 一箭三雕
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2025·四川省广元市川师大万达中学高三检测)The Yingge dance is a combination of opera, dance and wushu. Typically, the dance __1__ (perform) during festivals and celebrations, with dancers wearing colorful costumes and carrying masks, snakes, spears and drums. Its rich history and cultural __2__ (significant) have earned it the distinction of being classified as a national intangible cultural heritage in China.
On Chinese New Year, a Yingge team __3__ (consist) of 16 dancers from the Chaoshan region of Guangdong Province gave a wonderful performance in London. The event provided __4__ unique opportunity for UK residents to experience the richness and diversity of Chinese culture.
The dance team's commitment __5__ their craft was evident in their preparation. For over a month, they devoted __6__ (they) to perfecting their performance, ensuring every step, every gesture, and every beat was in harmony. The dancers, many of __7__ had more than 15 years of performance experience, showed their devotion to preserving this ancient art form.
So far, the Yingge dance __8__ (cross) borders, attracting audiences in foreign countries such as Thailand. The celebration of the Spring Festival has become a global phenomenon, with “Spring Festival Parades” __9__ (hold) in several countries each year. Nearly one fifth of the world's population now celebrates the Chinese New Year in __10__ (vary) styles, reflecting the growing influence of Chinese culture worldwide.
1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4．________ 5．________
6．________ 7．________ 8．________ 9．________ 10．________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了潮汕英歌舞的特点，并指出，作为一种传统的中国文化形式，英歌舞受到了海内外的欢迎。
1．答案：is performed
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处为谓语，描述一般事实，句子应用一般现在时，单数主语the dance和动词perform之间是被动关系。故填is performed。
2．答案：significance
解析：考查词性转换。句意：它丰富的历史和文化意义为它赢得了被列为中国国家级非物质文化遗产的荣誉。设空处为主语，应用名词，表示“意义”。故填significance。
3．答案：consisting
解析：考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语gave，设空处应用非谓语动词，a Yingge team和consist之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填consisting。
4．答案：a
解析：考查冠词。设空处修饰名词opportunity，表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且unique的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
5．答案：to
解析：考查介词。句意：舞蹈队对技艺的投入在他们的准备工作中可见一斑。短语commitment to意为“投入，致力于”。故填to。
6．答案：themselves
解析：考查固定短语。句意：在一个多月的时间里，他们致力于完善自己的表演，确保每一步，每一个手势，每一个节拍都和谐统一。短语devote oneself to意为“致力于”。故填themselves。
7．答案：whom
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为The dancers，指人，且关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语。故填whom。
8．答案：has crossed
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语So far可知，应用现在完成时，主语the Yingge dance为单数，助动词应用has。故填has crossed。
9．答案：held
解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处为宾语补足语，和宾语Spring Festival Parades之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填held。
10．答案：various/varied
解析：考查词性转换。设空处修饰名词styles，作定语，应用形容词，表示“各种各样的”。故填various/varied。
Ⅱ.应用文写作
(2025·辽宁省丹东市五校协作体高三月考)假定你是李华，你的新西兰笔友Jerry来信表示对中国文化很感兴趣，恰逢你校开设了英文线上课程——“中国戏曲鉴赏(Appreciation of Chinese Opera)”，请你回信向他推荐此课程。内容包括：
1．开设时间；
2．课程内容；
3．推荐理由。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
[精彩范文]
Dear Jerry，
Knowing that you are interested in Chinese culture, I'd like to recommend to you our school's online course—Appreciation of Chinese Opera.
The course, which aims to bring authentic Chinese traditional opera for students both at home and abroad, is scheduled to be available in September on our school website, which will get updated every Monday morning. In this course, you will get to know the history and various types of Chinese opera, which are all of unique characteristics. Moreover, it will introduce the music in opera, which is usually accompanied by
traditional Chinese instruments like erhu. The most attractive part, in my opinion, is the fancy costumes and makeup. In a word, the course is a good chance for you to deepen your understanding of traditional Chinese culture.
I do hope my recommendation can be of help.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·云南省昆明市第一中学等校高三联考)When major aspects of life take a downturn, the minor matters tend to bother you even more. This was my experience last year. My husband, Ethan, faced layoff, while I was still employed but only on a part time basis. The uncertainty about our future weighed heavily on my mind. It was during this time that something seemingly insignificant like a signpost began to really bother me.
A relic from the previous homeowners, the signpost had already seen better days when we moved in. The past years hadn't been kind to it. The paint had faded and the metal pole supporting the sign was rusted (生锈的). The pole had been struck by passing vehicles, resulting in a slight bend. Despite this, since it could still show directions and our visitors never complained, there seemed to be no urgent need for a replacement. However, every time I laid eyes on it, it served as a constant reminder of all the challenges in my life.
“I wish we had a better signpost，” I caught myself thinking as I pulled out of the driveway one morning. It was more of a fleeting thought than a sincere prayer. Perhaps I would have completely forgotten about it if not for what happened next.
When I got home from work, Ethan informed me, “Our neighbor Benjamin texted. A girl drove straight into our pletely knocked it down.”
“Is she alright？” I asked.
“No idea. Benjamin just saw it from a distance，” Ethan replied.
Considering the current state of our finances, buying a new signpost was definitely not something we could afford. I let out a sigh, realizing the truth behind the saying: “Be careful what you wish for.”
The next morning, I pushed the thought of the signpost aside and prepared for the day ahead. Getting into my car, I drove into the driveway.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Where our rusted signpost had once stood was a better one. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
“You didn't check the back of the signpost, did you？” Ethan greeted me at dusk.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在家庭面临经济困难时前房主留下的为拜访者指引方向的旧路标被意外撞倒，这给本来就拮据的一家人增添了新的烦恼。被送来的新的路标是怎么回事？作者在新路标的背面又发现了什么？
[精彩范文]
Where our rusted signpost had once stood was a better one. To my surprise, the new signpost was beautifully crafted and looked like it belonged to a modern art exhibit. The pole was sturdy, freshly painted, and well aligned, making me wonder who had placed this gift at our doorstep. With curiosity piqued, I approached it and noticed a note attached to it—a simple card with handwritten words: “Sorry for the accident. I hope this adds a little brightness to your day.—Audree.”
“You didn't check the back of the signpost, did you？” Ethan greeted me at dusk. Confused, I walked back to the signpost and turned it around. Attached delicately to the back was a small potted plant, its green leaves fresh and vibrant. It was accompanied by a second note, reading, “Life is full of unexpected turns. Let this plant be a reminder that new beginnings can blossom from any setback.” At that moment, I felt a warmth spreading through my chest, realizing that kindness from a stranger had turned a setback into an unexpected blessing.
