英语[W]
(一)冠词
先了解 1.冠词用在名词前，本身不能单独使用，是名词出现的标志，帮助指明名词的含义。 2.冠词分为：不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词(不加冠词)。
划重点 1.必须用不定冠词的情况；2.必须用定冠词的情况；3.必须用零冠词的情况
重点1 必须用不定冠词的情况
1．具有泛指的概念，表示“一类”或“其中的一个”
I saw a dog on the street.
我在街上看到了一只狗。
2．初次提到某人或某物
Last week our class organized an activity to thank our teachers before graduation.
上周我们班在毕业前组织了一次感恩老师的活动。
3．在速度、比率、价格等前面
You can buy second－hand books at a low price in one of our school societies.
你可以在我校一个社团低价买到二手书。
4．用在某些物质名词前，使该物质名词具体化
①Would you like a coffee or a tea
你想要一杯咖啡还是一杯茶？
②On half way to our destination, we were caught in a heavy rain, but we still went on.
在前往目的地的半路上遇到大雨，但是我们仍然继续前行。
5．用在某些抽象名词前，使抽象名词具体化
He has a good knowledge of chemistry.
他精通化学。
6．用在专有名词前，表示类似的一个或某一个
He is a Jiao Yulu.
他是一个焦裕禄式的人物。
7．表示“同一个”
The two boys are of an age.
两个男孩同岁。
8．不定冠词的特殊位置：how/so/as/too＋形容词＋不定冠词＋名词
Never will you meet so kind a teacher (＝such a kind teacher) like him.
你绝不会遇到位像他一样善良的老师。
9．构成短语修饰名词
a number/variety/large quantity/great deal of；have an impact on; play a role in; in an attempt to do sth等
A number of students took part in the voluntary activity yesterday.
昨天许多学生参加了志愿者活动。
10．名词前冠词a或an的使用根据单词发音的首个音素而不是单词的首字母
①He is an honest student.
他是一个诚实的学生。
②He was admitted to a university this year.
他今年被一所大学录取了。
重点2 必须用定冠词的情况
1．表示特指和第二次提到的人或物
For one thing, it's against the rules of the school.
首先，这违反了学校规定。
2．表示世界上独一无二的事物
The teacher told us that the earth turns round the sun.
老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
3．用在序数词、形容词最高级前面
He took part in the English Speech Contest held in our school and won the first prize/place.
他参加了我们学校举办的英语演讲比赛并且获得了第一名。
4．用在江河湖海、山脉、群岛、海峡、沙漠等地理名词前
①The West Lake is what I want to visit most.
西湖是我最想去游览的地方。
②England and France are connected by the English Channel.
英吉利海峡连接英法两国。
5．用在形容词或过去分词前表示一类人
We are planning to visit the elderly in Chaoyang nursery home next week.
我们计划下周去看望朝阳敬老院的老人。
6．用在表示国家和民族的形容词前泛指这个国家和民族的全体人员
The Chinese also eat a type of pasta as part of their staple diet.
中国人也以一种面食作为他们的部分主食。
7．用在姓氏的复数前，代表夫妇两人或全家人
Hearing Xiao Ming was admitted to Peking University, the Zhangs jumped with joy.
听到小明被北京大学录取，张家人欣喜若狂。
8．用在西方乐器、通信设备前
Peter likes playing football while I am fond of playing the piano.
彼得喜欢踢足球，而我喜欢弹钢琴。
9．用在表示发明物的单数可数名词之前
Do you know who invented the television
你知道谁发明了电视机吗？
10．固定搭配
in the morning 上午；the popularity/development of ……的流行/发展；on the other hand 另一方面；one ... the other ... 一个……另一个……；by the hour 按小时计算；at the beginning/end of 在……开始/结束时；in the 1990s 在二十世纪九十年代；in the eastern＋ ... 在……的东部；hit sb on the shoulder 拍某人肩膀；the number of ……的数量
On the other hand, the idea appealed to him.
另一方面，这个主意对他有吸引力。
重点3 必须用零冠词的情况
1．季节、节日(用day表示的节日)、星期、三餐(前面没有修饰词时)等之前
Shall we go to visit our former teacher on Teachers' Day
教师节那天我们去拜访以前的老师，好吗？
2．名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等限定词修饰时
As time went on, Einstein's theory proved to be correct.
随着时间的推移，爱因斯坦的理论被证实是正确的。
3．专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前
Learning anxiety is a common problem among senior three students.
学习焦虑问题是高三学生中普遍存在的问题。
4．球类、棋类、学科等名称前
I have been learning English for 8 years and I have computer experience.
我学英语8年了，而且有电脑经验。
5．称呼、头衔、职务等表示抽象性质的名词前
He was elected monitor of our class.
他被选为我们班的班长。
6．在与by连用的交通工具名称前
At two o'clock in the afternoon, we'll gather at the school gate, after which we'll set out for the destination by bus.
下午两点，我们将在校门口集合，然后乘公交车去目的地。
7．turn(变成、成为)后面的名词前不加冠词，但become后面的名词前一定要加冠词
My dream was to become a teacher when I grew up, but I turned writer 20 years later.
我当初的梦想是长大后当老师，结果20年后成了作家。
8．在一个以“普通名词＋as”所引导的让步状语从句中，该名词前不加冠词
Student as he is (＝Although he is a student), he earns a lot of money by selling goods online.
尽管他还是个学生，但他通过网上售货挣了很多钱。
9．泛指复数名词前不用冠词
Dogs are loyal animals.
狗是忠诚的动物。
10．school, prison, hospital前不加冠词，表示抽象的概念
Our school is quite close to our home, so we could go to school together by bike.
学校离家很近，所以我们可以一起骑车去上学。
1．(2024·浙江高考1月)Then, when you use one section, ________ other stays fresh.
答案：the
解析：one ... the other ... 为固定搭配，意为“一个……，另外一个……”。故填the。
2．(2025·内蒙古呼和浩特市第二中学高三月考)Its thoughtful design and priceless collection make it ________ must－see for anyone seeking to understand the soul of this charming city.
答案：a
解析：must－see 表示“值得一看的事物”，为可数名词，设空处应用不定冠词表示泛指，且must－see为辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
3．(2025·安徽省皖南八校高三大联考)In ________ 1980s, rosewood furniture gained in popularity.
答案：the
解析：在表示特定年代时，通常要用定冠词the，in the 1980s意为“在20世纪80年代”。故填the。
4．(2025·重庆市江津第二中学高三月考)The contents of the blind boxes are often only revealed upon opening, adding ________ element of surprise to the dining experience.
答案：an
解析：element 是可数名词，在句中意为“少量，有点”，表示泛指，且 element 的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
5．(2025·湖南省邵阳市第二中学等多校联考高三月考)With ________ number of visitors growing this year, the one－day festival was extended to a three－day holiday.
答案：the
解析：固定短语the number of表示“……的数量”。故填the。
6．(2025·宁夏西吉中学高三月考)Throughout history, Chinese knots have played ________ significant role in traditional Chinese ceremonies and celebrations, symbolizing good luck and harmony.
答案：a
解析：play a(n) ... role in ... 为固定短语，意为“在……中起着……作用”，且设空后significant的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
7．(2025·江苏省镇江市丹阳市丹阳高级中学高三一模)________ moment they arrived at the scene, they immediately joined their Turkish partners to carry out a rescue plan and saved the woman.
答案：The
解析：固定短语the moment意为“一……就……”，作连词引导时间状语从句，所以此处应用冠词the，位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填The。
8．(2025·海南省海口市琼山区海南中学高三月考)Infused with traditional Chinese cultural elements, the game offers gamers ________ novel experience of Chinese imagination and landscape.
答案：a
解析：experience在句中意为“体验”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一种新奇体验”，应用不定冠词；novel是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
9．(2025·内蒙古自治区赤峰市红山区赤峰二中高三月考)This unique blend serves as a bridge between her culture and ________ global language of English.
答案：the
解析：此处特指“英语这一全球语言”。故填 the。
10．(2025·河南省安阳市林州市第一中学高三月考)But ________ most common one is money wrapped in red paper.
答案：the
解析：根据设空后的most common可知，此处是形容词最高级结构，应用定冠词the。故填the。
(二)介词
先了解 1.介词或介词短语，如其名称所示，是用来连接名词、代词与句子其余部分的“中介”。 2.介词不能单独作句子成分，与其宾语构成介词短语，在句中作状语、表语、补语、定语等。 3.可以快速解释一个名词与句子中其他人、物或动作之间的关系。
划重点 4.高频介词辨析；5.常见的复合介词；6.介词与名词构成的搭配；7.动词与介词构成的搭配；8.常用形容词与介词的搭配
重点4 高频介词辨析
时间介词的用法辨析
(1)in, on, at, by
in 用来表示一天中某段时间，指天、年、月、季节、周次等。如：in the morning
on 用来表示某一天或星期几，指明具体的时间。如：on a rainy day
at 用来表示特定的时间、节日、年龄等。如：at noon
by 表示“……的时候、到……时、等到……已经”等，用在天、时间的前面。如：by 2 o'clock
(2)in, after
①“in＋一段时间”用于一般将来时。
We'll go to school in two weeks.
我们两周后去上学。
②“after＋一段时间”用于一般过去时。
My mother came home after half an hour.
我妈妈半小时后回家了。
③“after＋时间点”常用于一般将来时。
We'll go out for a walk after supper.
晚饭后我们将出去散步。
(3)for, since
①for表示一段时间。
I have been living here for 10 years.
我在这里住了10年了。
②since表示从过去某一时间以来。
I have been living here since 2000.
自2000年以来我一直住在这里。
(4)during, for
①当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during。
He swims every day during the summer.
夏天他每天都游泳。
②如果一段时间不明确则用介词for。
I haven't seen her for years.
我好几年没见到她了。
(5)before, by
①before表示“在……之前”。
He won't come back before five.
他五点以前不会回来。
②by表示“到……时为止，不迟于……”。
The work must be finished by Friday.
这项工作必须在星期五之前完成。
(6)till, until
①till和until用在肯定句中，均可表示“直到……为止”。
I will wait till (until) seven o'clock.
我将等到七点钟。
②till和until用在否定句中，均可表示“在……以前”或“直到……才”。
Tom didn't come back till (until) midnight.
汤姆直到半夜才回来。
③till多用于普通文体，而 until则用于多种文体，并且在句子开头时，用until而不用till。
Until he comes back, nothing can be done.
他回来前什么也做不了。
【特别提醒】 不用介词表达时间的几种情况： (1)当表示时间的词前有this, that时，其前面不用介词，如：this morning。 (2)当表示时间的词前有next时，其前面不用介词，如：next Sunday。 (3)当表示时间的词前有last时，其前面不用介词，如：last Sunday。 (4)当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时，其前面不用介词，如one morning。
重点5 常见的复合介词
①They divided themselves into three groups according to age.
他们按年龄分成三组。(according to 依据，根据)
②Owing to their carelessness, a fire broke out.
由于他们的粗心，发生了火灾。(owing to 因为，由于，常置于句首)
③Don't be angry because of/on account of/due to what he said. He meant no harm.
不要因为他的话而生气。他没有恶意。(because of/on account of/due to因为，由于)
④Thanks to my teacher's help, I got the first prize in the English Speech Contest.
多亏老师的帮助，我获得了英语演讲比赛一等奖。(thanks to 多亏)
⑤We had a delightful weekend in the country. As for/to the traffic, we had no difficulty.
我们在乡下度过了一个愉快的周末。至于交通方面，我们也未遇到什么困难。(as for/to 至于)
⑥Instead of rushing at life, I wanted something more meaningful.
我想做更有意义的事，而不是在生活中忙忙碌碌。(instead of代替；而不是)
⑦Apart from the cost, the hat doesn't suit me.
除了价钱太贵，这帽子也不适合我。(apart from 除……以外)
⑧Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes.
除了几处语法错误外，你的作文写得很好。(except for 除了(整体肯定，局部否定) )
⑨Regardless of what happens, my claim is safe and secure.
不管会发生什么，我的主张都是安全的、保险的。(regardless of 不管)
⑩But for your text message, I would have left my ID card at home.
要不是你的短信，我就把身份证落在家里了。(but for 要不是)
In spite of the fact that the product is safe, many people still refuse to buy it.
尽管这种产品很安全，但许多人仍然拒绝购买。(in spite of尽管)
In case of fire, the lower elevator goes to －1 floor and the upper elevator to 1 floor.
万一发生火灾，较低层的电梯就会进入负一层，而上层的电梯进入正一层。(in case of 万一)
Workers approaching retirement should be saving more, not less, as a result of low rates.
由于低利率，临近退休的工作者应该更多地储蓄，而不是减少储蓄。(as a result of由于)
Getting them to buy into the system is next to impossible.
让他们接受这一体系几乎是不可能的。(next to 仅次于；紧挨着；几乎)
Thankfully, in addition to changing majors, students can change schools.
值得庆幸的是，学生除了转专业，还可以转学。(in addition to 除……以外，还有)
My boss asked so much of me and I believed that my job was far from his satisfaction.
老板问了我很多，我认为我的工作没能让他满意。(far from远非)
With his help, we finished our task ahead of time.
在他的帮助下，我们提前完成任务。(ahead of在……前面；早于；领先)
More and more high rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space.
由于空间有限，越来越多的高楼在大城市建起来。(for lack of由于缺乏)
I will lend you the book on condition that you return it on Monday.
如果你能在星期一还我，我可以借给你这本书。(on condition that 如果，条件是(＋句子))
I am very delighted when I receive an email from you. With regard to the party on July 1st I shall be pleased to attend.
当我收到你的电子邮件时，我非常高兴。至于七月一日的派对我会很高兴参加。(with regard to 关于，至于)
On behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.
我代表所有在场的人，希望你回程愉快。(on behalf of代表)
The water may be carried by means of a pipe.
水可以用管子输送。(by means of 凭借；通过，用)
重点6 介词与名词构成的搭配
1．at＋n.通常表示状态
at a loss 不知所措 at peace 处于和平状态
at war 处于战争状态 at work 在工作
at the beginning of 在……的开始 at the cost of 以……的代价
at the risk of 冒……的危险 at the mercy of 在……的支配下；任由……摆布
2．on＋n.通常表示状态
on exhibition/show 在展出 on fire 着火
on sale 出售，打折 on the way 在途中
on the decrease/increase 在减少/增加 on holiday/vacation 在度假
on account of 因为 on behalf of 代表
on no account/condition 决不 on the top of 在……上面/顶端
3．by＋n.通常表示方式
by accident 偶然 by air/plane 乘飞机
by chance 偶然 by coincidence 碰巧
by hand 用手工，用手 by mistake 错误地
by the day 按天算 by nature 天生地
4.in＋n.通常表示方式
in cash 用现金 in depth 在深度上
in detail 详细地 in height 在高度上
in length 在长度上 in English 用英语
in no time立刻 in no way 决不
in place of 代替 in possession of 拥有，占有
in addition to 另外 in charge of 掌管
in return 作为回报 in spite of 尽管
in exchange for 作为交换 in favor of 支持，赞成
in case of 万一；如果；假使 in support of 支持
in honour of 为了纪念…… in memory of 为了纪念……
in the middle of 在……中间 in advance 事先；提前
5．of＋n.通常表示特征(等于相应的形容词)
of benefit 有益处的 of help 有帮助的
of importance 重要的 of significance 有意义的
of use 有用的 of value 有价值的
6.out of＋n.通常表示状态
out of balance 失去平衡 out of breath 上气不接下气
out of control 失去控制 out of date 过期
out of order 发生故障 out of sight 看不见
out of the question 不可能 out of work 失业
7.under＋n.通常表示被动
under attack 遭到袭击 under pressure 在压力下
under treatment 在治疗中 under control 处于控制之中
8.with＋n.通常表示状态
with delight/joy 高兴地 with difficulty 有困难地
with ease 轻而易举地 with fear 害怕地
with pleasure 乐意地 with satisfaction 满意地
重点7 动词与介词构成的搭配
1．“动词＋sb＋of＋sth”结构
如：accuse sb of sth 指责/控告某人某事
cure sb of sth 治好某人的某种疾病
rid sb of sth 使某人摆脱某物
cheat sb of sth 骗走某人某物
remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事
inform sb of sth 通知某人某事
2．“动词＋sb＋for＋doing sth”结构
如：blame sb for doing sth 指责某人做某事
批评某人做某事
原谅某人做某事
punish sb for doing sth 因做某事而惩罚某人
thank sb for doing sth 感谢某人做某事
3．“动词＋sb/sth＋from＋(doing) sth”结构
如：prevent/stop/keep sb/sth from doing sth 阻止某人/物做某事
protect/preserve/defend/shelter sb/sth from being done 保护某人/物免于被……
ban/prohibit sb/sth from doing sth 禁止某人/物做某事
4．其他常考的动词与介词的搭配
如：make the best of 充分利用；尽力而为
be made up of 由……组成
put up with 忍受，容忍
see through 看穿；识破
see to 照料；处理
set about 着手做
show (sb) around/round 领(某人)参观
重点8 常用形容词与介词的搭配
be conscious/aware of 意识到 be buried/absorbed in 全神贯注于
be fond of 喜爱 be strict with sb in sth 对某人在某方面严格
be worthy of 值得；配得上的 be different from与……不同
be absent from 缺席 be popular with受到……的欢迎
be present at 出席 be tired of 厌倦
be busy with 忙于 be lost in 迷失在……
be anxious about 担心 be ashamed of 因……而惭愧
be suspicious of怀疑 be familiar with熟悉
1．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ________ Romeo and Juliet.
答案：to
解析：be similar to是固定短语，意为“与……相似”。故填to。
2．(2024·全国甲卷)This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ________ all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
答案：for
解析：设空处缺少介词，应用for表示目的，意为“为了”。故填for。
3．(2024·T8联考)Shortening the breeding cycle ________ half or more, Nanfan accelerates the breeding process.
答案：by
解析：shorten ... by ... 表示“使……缩短了……”。故填by。
4．(2025·福建省福州第三中学高三月考)China Post issued a set of six special stamps based on this painting ________ May 18, 2022.
答案：on
解析：表示在具体某一天应用介词on。故填on。
5．(2025·广西壮族自治区来宾市高三教学质量检测)________ all the 36 ancient architectural sites featured in the game, 27 are in Shanxi.
答案：Of/Among
解析：of/among意为“在……中”，此处指“在游戏中展示的所有36处古建筑遗址中”；且位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填Of/Among。
6．(2025·辽宁省沈文新高考研究联盟高三月考)Individuals that throw away their garbage ________ being sorted out can be fined up to 200 yuan, while companies and organizations can face fines up to 50，000 yuan.
答案：without
解析：根据下文“can be fined up to 200 yuan”可知，未经分类就乱扔垃圾的人会被罚款，应用介词without，表示“没有”。故填without。
7．(2025·安徽省芜湖市第一中学高三教学质量诊断测试)________ consequence, the performance also became known as the “New Year Drum” by Beijingers.
答案：In
解析：in consequence是固定短语，意为“结果；因此”，位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填In。
8．(2025·四川省成都实验外国语学校高三月考)Known as the “kidneys of the Earth”， wetlands can help safeguard biodiversity and cope ________ climate change.
答案：with
解析：短语cope with表示“应对”。故填with。
9．(2025·福建省福州第三中学滨海校区高三适应性练习)The event, part of an effort to breathe life ________ the downtown area, will provide a space where family－friendly activities, food and music can be enjoyed.
答案：into
解析：短语breathe life into ... 表示“给……注入活力”。故填into。
10．(2025·黑龙江省大庆市让胡路区大庆中学高三期中)Learning to read put me ________ much pressure.
答案：under
解析：under pressure表示“在压力下”，为固定搭配。故填under。
(三)数词
先了解 1.数词就是表示数量大小或顺序的词。 2.数词词汇的书写有规律可循。 3.在句中可以作主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语、同位语。
划重点 9.基数词和序数词；10.其他常见数词表达；11.常见数词构成的短语
重点9 基数词和序数词
1．易错基数词
thirteen 十三； fourteen 十四； fifteen 十五； eighteen 十八； nineteen 十九； twenty 二十； thirty 三十； forty 四十； fifty 五十； ninety 九十
2．易错序数词
first第一； second第二； third第三； fourth第四； fifth 第五； eighth 第八； ninth 第九； eleventh 第十一； twelfth 第十二
3．序数词的使用
(1)序数词在句中主要作定语，一般情况下序数词前要加定冠词。
This is the second intangible cultural heritage block in Guangzhou.
这是广州第二个非物质文化遗产街区。
(2)序数词前有时加不定冠词，表示“又一、再一”，相当于another。
Would you like a second cup of tea
你想再来一杯茶吗？
(3)有时序数词作状语，不加冠词。
He came out first in the contest.
他在比赛中获得第一名。
重点10 其他常见数词表达
专用名词 Lesson 1, No.1 Middle School, Class 24, Row One, CCTV－9
小数 ten point five zero three, 1.3 meters
分数 one third, two fifths, a quarter
百分数 30 percent (30 per cent)
钟点 It's nine.(＝It's nine o'clock.); five to two; five past seven
日期 2010年2月3日：February the third, twenty ten; February 3rd, 2010; February 3, 2010 (美式); 3 February, 2010 (英式) 缩写： 03/02/2010 (英式，国际使用较多) 02/03/2010 (美式)
年份 1830读作eighteen thirty; 2001读作two thousand and one
月份 January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December
星期 Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday
重点11 常见数词构成的短语
an eight－year－old boy＝a boy of eight years old＝a boy aged 8 一个8岁的男孩 three times as big as ... 是……的三倍大
in the 1980s (1980's) 在20世纪80年代 in his fifties 在他50多岁时
two dozen books 两打书 dozens of 许多
two score of people 40个人 scores of 许多
a hundred people 100个人 hundreds of 许多
a second 又一，再一 the second 第二个
on second thoughts 转念一想 second to none 首屈一指
a quarter past two 两点一刻/两点十五分 a quarter to two 一点四十五分
in the 21th century 在21世纪 two more books＝another two books 再要两本书
half an hour 半小时 two and a half years 两年半
every other day＝every two days 每隔一天，每两天 every three days＝every third day 每隔两天，每三天
20 percent＝20 per cent 20% an hour's ride 一小时的车程
two fifths 五分之二[分数是由基数词(分子)和序数词(分母)构成，当分子大于1时，序数词(分母)须用复数形式] one fifth五分之一
in twos and threes 三三两两，零零星星 at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟
【特别提醒】 (1)只修饰可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式的词/短语：a few, quite a few, many, a good many, a large number of, dozens of, scores of, hundreds of, thousands of, millions of。 (2)只修饰不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式词/短语：a little, much, a great deal of, a large amount of。 (3)既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词的短语： ①作主语时，谓语动词根据名词来定：a lot of, lots of, plenty of； ②作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：a large quantity of； ③作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式：large quantities of。
1．(2025·江西省南昌市第十中学高三月考)The ________ (one) few weeks were filled with a long－lost feeling of freedom.
答案：first
解析：根据设空前的The可知，设空处应用序数词，表示“最初的几个星期”。故填first。
2．(2025·四川省绵阳市南山中学高三月考)They survived—________ dozen people in the Keys didn't—but the grove wasn't as lucky.
答案：a
解析：根据设空后的dozen可知，此处指“一打”，即“十二个人”。故填a。
3．(2025·重庆市名校联盟高三期中)A survey published in July by the Pew Research Centre found that less than two ________ (five) of them would consider buying an electric vehicle (EV).
答案：fifths
解析：分数表达法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于一，分母用复数。此处表示“五分之二”，分母应用序数词的复数。故填fifths。
4．(2025·四川省成都市新津中学高三月考)Poetry probably had its origins in traditional folk music ________ (thousand) of years ago.
答案：thousands
解析：thousands of修饰可数名词。故填thousands。
5．(2025·上海市上海师范大学附属嘉定高级中学高三期中)One was an ordinary－looking male in his ________ (twenty), while the other was a man of the same age who “had long hair” and “had not shaved for several days”．
答案：twenties
解析：in one's twenties意为“在某人二十多岁时”，表示不确切的年龄，应用表示整十的基数词的复数。故填twenties。
1(共66张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
第二编 高效语法
重点语法
第三讲 冠词/介词/数词(11个重点)
介词
数词
目录
CONTENTS
2
3
冠词
1
冠词
先了解 1.冠词用在名词前，本身不能单独使用，是名词出现的标志，帮助指明名词的含义。
2.冠词分为：不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词(不加冠词)。
划重点 1.必须用不定冠词的情况；2.必须用定冠词的情况；3.必须用零冠词的情况
重点1 必须用不定冠词的情况
1．具有泛指的概念，表示“一类”或“其中的一个”
I saw a dog on the street.
我在街上看到了一只狗。
2．初次提到某人或某物
Last week our class organized an activity to thank our teachers before graduation.
上周我们班在毕业前组织了一次感恩老师的活动。
3．在速度、比率、价格等前面
You can buy second－hand books at a low price in one of our school societies.
你可以在我校一个社团低价买到二手书。
4．用在某些物质名词前，使该物质名词具体化
①Would you like a coffee or a tea
你想要一杯咖啡还是一杯茶？
②On half way to our destination, we were caught in a heavy rain, but we still went on.
在前往目的地的半路上遇到大雨，但是我们仍然继续前行。
5．用在某些抽象名词前，使抽象名词具体化
He has a good knowledge of chemistry.
他精通化学。
6．用在专有名词前，表示类似的一个或某一个
He is a Jiao Yulu.
他是一个焦裕禄式的人物。
7．表示“同一个”
The two boys are of an age.
两个男孩同岁。
8．不定冠词的特殊位置：how/so/as/too＋形容词＋不定冠词＋名词
Never will you meet so kind a teacher (＝such a kind teacher) like him.
你绝不会遇到位像他一样善良的老师。
9．构成短语修饰名词
a number/variety/large quantity/great deal of；have an impact on; play a role in; in an attempt to do sth等
A number of students took part in the voluntary activity yesterday.
昨天许多学生参加了志愿者活动。
10．名词前冠词a或an的使用根据单词发音的首个音素而不是单词的首字母
①He is an honest student.
他是一个诚实的学生。
②He was admitted to a university this year.
他今年被一所大学录取了。
重点2 必须用定冠词的情况
1．表示特指和第二次提到的人或物
For one thing, it's against the rules of the school.
首先，这违反了学校规定。
2．表示世界上独一无二的事物
The teacher told us that the earth turns round the sun.
老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
3．用在序数词、形容词最高级前面
He took part in the English Speech Contest held in our school and won the first prize/place.
他参加了我们学校举办的英语演讲比赛并且获得了第一名。
4．用在江河湖海、山脉、群岛、海峡、沙漠等地理名词前
①The West Lake is what I want to visit most.
西湖是我最想去游览的地方。
②England and France are connected by the English Channel.
英吉利海峡连接英法两国。
5．用在形容词或过去分词前表示一类人
We are planning to visit the elderly in Chaoyang nursery home next week.
我们计划下周去看望朝阳敬老院的老人。
6．用在表示国家和民族的形容词前泛指这个国家和民族的全体人员
The Chinese also eat a type of pasta as part of their staple diet.
中国人也以一种面食作为他们的部分主食。
7．用在姓氏的复数前，代表夫妇两人或全家人
Hearing Xiao Ming was admitted to Peking University, the Zhangs jumped with joy.
听到小明被北京大学录取，张家人欣喜若狂。
8．用在西方乐器、通信设备前
Peter likes playing football while I am fond of playing the piano.
彼得喜欢踢足球，而我喜欢弹钢琴。
9．用在表示发明物的单数可数名词之前
Do you know who invented the television
你知道谁发明了电视机吗？
10．固定搭配
in the morning 上午；the popularity/development of ……的流行/发展；on the other hand 另一方面；one ... the other ... 一个……另一个……；by the hour 按小时计算；at the beginning/end of 在……开始/结束时；in the 1990s 在二十世纪九十年代；in the eastern＋ ... 在……的东部；hit sb on the shoulder 拍某人肩膀；the number of ……的数量
On the other hand, the idea appealed to him.
另一方面，这个主意对他有吸引力。
重点3 必须用零冠词的情况
1．季节、节日(用day表示的节日)、星期、三餐(前面没有修饰词时)等之前
Shall we go to visit our former teacher on Teachers' Day
教师节那天我们去拜访以前的老师，好吗？
2．名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等限定词修饰时
As time went on, Einstein's theory proved to be correct.
随着时间的推移，爱因斯坦的理论被证实是正确的。
3．专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前
Learning anxiety is a common problem among senior three students.
学习焦虑问题是高三学生中普遍存在的问题。
4．球类、棋类、学科等名称前
I have been learning English for 8 years and I have computer experience.
我学英语8年了，而且有电脑经验。
5．称呼、头衔、职务等表示抽象性质的名词前
He was elected monitor of our class.
他被选为我们班的班长。
6．在与by连用的交通工具名称前
At two o'clock in the afternoon, we'll gather at the school gate, after which we'll set out for the destination by bus.
下午两点，我们将在校门口集合，然后乘公交车去目的地。
7．turn(变成、成为)后面的名词前不加冠词，但become后面的名词前一定要加冠词
My dream was to become a teacher when I grew up, but I turned writer 20 years later.
我当初的梦想是长大后当老师，结果20年后成了作家。
8．在一个以“普通名词＋as”所引导的让步状语从句中，该名词前不加冠词
Student as he is (＝Although he is a student), he earns a lot of money by selling goods online.
尽管他还是个学生，但他通过网上售货挣了很多钱。
9．泛指复数名词前不用冠词
Dogs are loyal animals.
狗是忠诚的动物。
10．school, prison, hospital前不加冠词，表示抽象的概念
Our school is quite close to our home, so we could go to school together by bike.
学校离家很近，所以我们可以一起骑车去上学。
1．(2024·浙江高考1月)Then, when you use one section, ________ other stays fresh.
2．(2025·内蒙古呼和浩特市第二中学高三月考)Its thoughtful design and priceless collection make it ________ must－see for anyone seeking to understand the soul of this charming city.
the
解析： one ... the other ... 为固定搭配，意为“一个……，另外一个……”。故填the。
解析： must－see 表示“值得一看的事物”，为可数名词，设空处应用不定冠词表示泛指，且must－see为辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
a
3．(2025·安徽省皖南八校高三大联考)In ________ 1980s, rosewood furniture gained in popularity.
4．(2025·重庆市江津第二中学高三月考)The contents of the blind boxes are often only revealed upon opening, adding ________ element of surprise to the dining experience.
the
解析：在表示特定年代时，通常要用定冠词the，in the 1980s意为“在20世纪80年代”。故填the。
解析： element 是可数名词，在句中意为“少量，有点”，表示泛指，且 element 的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
an
5．(2025·湖南省邵阳市第二中学等多校联考高三月考)With ________ number of visitors growing this year, the one－day festival was extended to a three－day holiday.
6．(2025·宁夏西吉中学高三月考)Throughout history, Chinese knots have played ________ significant role in traditional Chinese ceremonies and celebrations, symbolizing good luck and harmony.
the
解析：固定短语the number of表示“……的数量”。故填the。
解析： play a(n) ... role in ... 为固定短语，意为“在……中起着……作用”，且设空后significant的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
a
7．(2025·江苏省镇江市丹阳市丹阳高级中学高三一模)________ moment they arrived at the scene, they immediately joined their Turkish partners to carry out a rescue plan and saved the woman.
8．(2025·海南省海口市琼山区海南中学高三月考)Infused with traditional Chinese cultural elements, the game offers gamers ________ novel experience of Chinese imagination and landscape.
The
解析：固定短语the moment意为“一……就……”，作连词引导时间状语从句，所以此处应用冠词the，位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填The。
解析：experience在句中意为“体验”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一种新奇体验”，应用不定冠词；novel是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
a
9．(2025·内蒙古自治区赤峰市红山区赤峰二中高三月考)This unique blend serves as a bridge between her culture and ________ global language of English.
10．(2025·河南省安阳市林州市第一中学高三月考)But ________ most common one is money wrapped in red paper.
the
解析：此处特指“英语这一全球语言”。故填 the。
解析：根据设空后的most common可知，此处是形容词最高级结构，应用定冠词the。故填the。
the
介词
先了解 1.介词或介词短语，如其名称所示，是用来连接名词、代词与句子其余部分的“中介”。
2.介词不能单独作句子成分，与其宾语构成介词短语，在句中作状语、表语、补语、定语等。
3.可以快速解释一个名词与句子中其他人、物或动作之间的关系。
划重点 4.高频介词辨析；5.常见的复合介词；6.介词与名词构成的搭配；7.动词与介词构成的搭配；8.常用形容词与介词的搭配
重点4 高频介词辨析
时间介词的用法辨析
(1)in, on, at, by
in 用来表示一天中某段时间，指天、年、月、季节、周次等。如：in the morning
on 用来表示某一天或星期几，指明具体的时间。如：on a rainy day
at 用来表示特定的时间、节日、年龄等。如：at noon
by 表示“……的时候、到……时、等到……已经”等，用在天、时间的前面。如：by 2 o'clock
(2)in, after
①“in＋一段时间”用于一般将来时。
We'll go to school in two weeks.
我们两周后去上学。
②“after＋一段时间”用于一般过去时。
My mother came home after half an hour.
我妈妈半小时后回家了。
③“after＋时间点”常用于一般将来时。
We'll go out for a walk after supper.
晚饭后我们将出去散步。
(3)for, since
①for表示一段时间。
I have been living here for 10 years.
我在这里住了10年了。
②since表示从过去某一时间以来。
I have been living here since 2000.
自2000年以来我一直住在这里。
(4)during, for
①当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during。
He swims every day during the summer.
夏天他每天都游泳。
②如果一段时间不明确则用介词for。
I haven't seen her for years.
我好几年没见到她了。
(5)before, by
①before表示“在……之前”。
He won't come back before five.
他五点以前不会回来。
②by表示“到……时为止，不迟于……”。
The work must be finished by Friday.
这项工作必须在星期五之前完成。
(6)till, until
①till和until用在肯定句中，均可表示“直到……为止”。
I will wait till (until) seven o'clock.
我将等到七点钟。
②till和until用在否定句中，均可表示“在……以前”或“直到……才”。
Tom didn't come back till (until) midnight.
汤姆直到半夜才回来。
③till多用于普通文体，而 until则用于多种文体，并且在句子开头时，用until而不用till。
Until he comes back, nothing can be done.
他回来前什么也做不了。
【特别提醒】 不用介词表达时间的几种情况：
(1)当表示时间的词前有this, that时，其前面不用介词，如：this morning。
(2)当表示时间的词前有next时，其前面不用介词，如：next Sunday。
(3)当表示时间的词前有last时，其前面不用介词，如：last Sunday。
(4)当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时，其前面不用介词，如one morning。
重点5 常见的复合介词
①They divided themselves into three groups according to age.
他们按年龄分成三组。(according to 依据，根据)
②Owing to their carelessness, a fire broke out.
由于他们的粗心，发生了火灾。(owing to 因为，由于，常置于句首)
③Don't be angry because of/on account of/due to what he said. He meant no harm.
不要因为他的话而生气。他没有恶意。(because of/on account of/due to因为，由于)
④Thanks to my teacher's help, I got the first prize in the English Speech Contest.
多亏老师的帮助，我获得了英语演讲比赛一等奖。(thanks to 多亏)
⑤We had a delightful weekend in the country. As for/to the traffic, we had no difficulty.
我们在乡下度过了一个愉快的周末。至于交通方面，我们也未遇到什么困难。(as for/to 至于)
⑥Instead of rushing at life, I wanted something more meaningful.
我想做更有意义的事，而不是在生活中忙忙碌碌。(instead of代替；而不是)
⑦Apart from the cost, the hat doesn't suit me.
除了价钱太贵，这帽子也不适合我。(apart from 除……以外)
⑧Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes.
除了几处语法错误外，你的作文写得很好。(except for 除了(整体肯定，局部否定))
⑨Regardless of what happens, my claim is safe and secure.
不管会发生什么，我的主张都是安全的、保险的。(regardless of 不管)
⑩But for your text message, I would have left my ID card at home.
要不是你的短信，我就把身份证落在家里了。(but for 要不是)
In spite of the fact that the product is safe, many people still refuse to buy it.
尽管这种产品很安全，但许多人仍然拒绝购买。(in spite of尽管)
In case of fire, the lower elevator goes to －1 floor and the upper elevator to 1 floor.
万一发生火灾，较低层的电梯就会进入负一层，而上层的电梯进入正一层。(in case of 万一)
Workers approaching retirement should be saving more, not less, as a result of low rates.
由于低利率，临近退休的工作者应该更多地储蓄，而不是减少储蓄。(as a result of由于)
Getting them to buy into the system is next to impossible.
让他们接受这一体系几乎是不可能的。(next to 仅次于；紧挨着；几乎)
Thankfully, in addition to changing majors, students can change schools.
值得庆幸的是，学生除了转专业，还可以转学。(in addition to 除……以外，还有)
My boss asked so much of me and I believed that my job was far from his satisfaction.
老板问了我很多，我认为我的工作没能让他满意。(far from远非)
With his help, we finished our task ahead of time.
在他的帮助下，我们提前完成任务。(ahead of在……前面；早于；领先)
More and more high rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space.
由于空间有限，越来越多的高楼在大城市建起来。(for lack of由于缺乏)
I will lend you the book on condition that you return it on Monday.
如果你能在星期一还我，我可以借给你这本书。(on condition that 如果，条件是(＋句子))
I am very delighted when I receive an email from you. With regard to the party on July 1st I shall be pleased to attend.
当我收到你的电子邮件时，我非常高兴。至于七月一日的派对我会很高兴参加。(with regard to 关于，至于)
More and more high rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space.
由于空间有限，越来越多的高楼在大城市建起来。(for lack of由于缺乏)
I will lend you the book on condition that you return it on Monday.
如果你能在星期一还我，我可以借给你这本书。(on condition that 如果，条件是(＋句子))
I am very delighted when I receive an email from you. With regard to the party on July 1st I shall be pleased to attend.
当我收到你的电子邮件时，我非常高兴。至于七月一日的派对我会很高兴参加。(with regard to 关于，至于)
重点6 介词与名词构成的搭配
1．at＋n.通常表示状态
at a loss 不知所措 at peace 处于和平状态
at war 处于战争状态 at work 在工作
at the beginning of 在……的开始 at the cost of 以……的代价
at the risk of 冒……的危险 at the mercy of 在……的支配下；任由……摆布
2．on＋n.通常表示状态
on exhibition/show 在展出 on fire 着火
on sale 出售，打折 on the way 在途中
on the decrease/increase 在减少/增加 on holiday/vacation 在度假
on account of 因为 on behalf of 代表
on no account/condition 决不 on the top of 在……上面/顶端
3．by＋n.通常表示方式
by accident 偶然 by air/plane 乘飞机
by chance 偶然 by coincidence 碰巧
by hand 用手工，用手 by mistake 错误地
by the day 按天算 by nature 天生地
4.in＋n.通常表示方式
in cash 用现金 in depth 在深度上
in detail 详细地 in height 在高度上
in length 在长度上 in English 用英语
in no time立刻 in no way 决不
in place of 代替 in possession of 拥有，占有
in addition to 另外 in charge of 掌管
in return 作为回报 in spite of 尽管
in exchange for 作为交换 in favor of 支持，赞成
in case of 万一；如果；假使 in support of 支持
in honour of 为了纪念…… in memory of 为了纪念……
in the middle of 在……中间 in advance 事先；提前
5．of＋n.通常表示特征(等于相应的形容词)
6.out of＋n.通常表示状态
of benefit 有益处的 of help 有帮助的
of importance 重要的 of significance 有意义的
of use 有用的 of value 有价值的
out of balance 失去平衡 out of breath 上气不接下气
out of control 失去控制 out of date 过期
out of order 发生故障 out of sight 看不见
out of the question 不可能 out of work 失业
7.under＋n.通常表示被动
8.with＋n.通常表示状态
under attack 遭到袭击 under pressure 在压力下
under treatment 在治疗中 under control 处于控制之中
with delight/joy 高兴地 with difficulty 有困难地
with ease 轻而易举地 with fear 害怕地
with pleasure 乐意地 with satisfaction 满意地
重点7 动词与介词构成的搭配
1．“动词＋sb＋of＋sth”结构
如：accuse sb of sth 指责/控告某人某事
cure sb of sth 治好某人的某种疾病
rid sb of sth 使某人摆脱某物
cheat sb of sth 骗走某人某物
remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事
inform sb of sth 通知某人某事
3．“动词＋sb/sth＋from＋(doing) sth”结构
如：prevent/stop/keep sb/sth from doing sth 阻止某人/物做某事
protect/preserve/defend/shelter sb/sth from being done 保护某人/物免于被……
ban/prohibit sb/sth from doing sth 禁止某人/物做某事
4．其他常考的动词与介词的搭配
如：make the best of 充分利用；尽力而为
be made up of 由……组成
put up with 忍受，容忍
see through 看穿；识破
see to 照料；处理
set about 着手做
show (sb) around/round 领(某人)参观
重点8 常用形容词与介词的搭配
be conscious/aware of 意识到 be buried/absorbed in 全神贯注于
be fond of 喜爱 be strict with sb in sth 对某人在某方面严格
be worthy of 值得；配得上的 be different from与……不同
be absent from 缺席 be popular with受到……的欢迎
be present at 出席 be tired of 厌倦
be busy with 忙于 be lost in 迷失在……
be anxious about 担心 be ashamed of 因……而惭愧
be suspicious of怀疑 be familiar with熟悉
1．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ________ Romeo and Juliet.
2．(2024·全国甲卷)This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ________ all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
to
解析：be similar to是固定短语，意为“与……相似”。故填to。
解析：设空处缺少介词，应用for表示目的，意为“为了”。故填for。
for
3．(2024·T8联考)Shortening the breeding cycle ________ half or more, Nanfan accelerates the breeding process.
4．(2025·福建省福州第三中学高三月考)China Post issued a set of six special stamps based on this painting ________ May 18, 2022.
by
解析： shorten ... by ... 表示“使……缩短了……”。故填by。
解析：表示在具体某一天应用介词on。故填on。
on
5．(2025·广西壮族自治区来宾市高三教学质量检测)____________ all the 36 ancient architectural sites featured in the game, 27 are in Shanxi.
6．(2025·辽宁省沈文新高考研究联盟高三月考)Individuals that throw away their garbage ________ being sorted out can be fined up to 200 yuan, while companies and organizations can face fines up to 50，000 yuan.
Of/Among
解析：of/among意为“在……中”，此处指“在游戏中展示的所有36处古建筑遗址中”；且位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填Of/Among。
解析：根据下文“can be fined up to 200 yuan”可知，未经分类就乱扔垃圾的人会被罚款，应用介词without，表示“没有”。故填without。
without
7．(2025·安徽省芜湖市第一中学高三教学质量诊断测试)________ consequence, the performance also became known as the “New Year Drum” by Beijingers.
8．(2025·四川省成都实验外国语学校高三月考)Known as the “kidneys of the Earth”， wetlands can help safeguard biodiversity and cope ________ climate change.
In
解析： in consequence是固定短语，意为“结果；因此”，位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填In。
解析：短语cope with表示“应对”。故填with。
with
9．(2025·福建省福州第三中学滨海校区高三适应性练习)The event, part of an effort to breathe life ________ the downtown area, will provide a space where family－friendly activities, food and music can be enjoyed.
10．(2025·黑龙江省大庆市让胡路区大庆中学高三期中)Learning to read put me ________ much pressure.
into
解析：短语breathe life into ... 表示“给……注入活力”。故填into。
解析： under pressure表示“在压力下”，为固定搭配。故填under。
under
数词
先了解 1.数词就是表示数量大小或顺序的词。
2.数词词汇的书写有规律可循。
3.在句中可以作主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语、同位语。
划重点 9.基数词和序数词；10.其他常见数词表达；11.常见数词构成的短语
重点9 基数词和序数词
1．易错基数词
thirteen 十三； fourteen 十四； fifteen 十五； eighteen 十八； nineteen 十九； twenty 二十； thirty 三十； forty 四十； fifty 五十； ninety 九十
2．易错序数词
first第一； second第二； third第三； fourth第四； fifth 第五； eighth 第八； ninth 第九； eleventh 第十一； twelfth 第十二
3．序数词的使用
(1)序数词在句中主要作定语，一般情况下序数词前要加定冠词。
This is the second intangible cultural heritage block in Guangzhou.
这是广州第二个非物质文化遗产街区。
(2)序数词前有时加不定冠词，表示“又一、再一”，相当于another。
Would you like a second cup of tea
你想再来一杯茶吗？
(3)有时序数词作状语，不加冠词。
He came out first in the contest.
他在比赛中获得第一名。
重点10 其他常见数词表达
专用名词 Lesson 1, No.1 Middle School, Class 24, Row One, CCTV－9
小数 ten point five zero three, 1.3 meters
分数 one third, two fifths, a quarter
百分数 30 percent (30 per cent)
钟点 It's nine.(＝It's nine o'clock.); five to two; five past seven
日期 2010年2月3日：February the third, twenty ten; February 3rd, 2010; February 3, 2010 (美式); 3 February, 2010 (英式) 缩写： 03/02/2010 (英式，国际使用较多) 02/03/2010 (美式)
年份 1830读作eighteen thirty; 2001读作two thousand and one
月份 January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December
星期 Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday
重点11 常见数词构成的短语
an eight－year－old boy＝a boy of eight years old＝a boy aged 8 一个8岁的男孩 three times as big as ... 是……的三倍大
in the 1980s (1980's) 在20世纪80年代 in his fifties 在他50多岁时
two dozen books 两打书 dozens of 许多
two score of people 40个人 scores of 许多
a hundred people 100个人 hundreds of 许多
a second 又一，再一 the second 第二个
on second thoughts 转念一想 second to none 首屈一指
a quarter past two 两点一刻/两点十五分 a quarter to two 一点四十五分
in the 21th century 在21世纪 two more books＝another two books 再要两本书
half an hour 半小时 two and a half years 两年半
every other day＝every two days 每隔一天，每两天 every three days＝every third day 每隔两天，每三天
20 percent＝20 per cent 20% an hour's ride 一小时的车程
two fifths 五分之二[分数是由基数词(分子)和序数词(分母)构成，当分子大于1时，序数词(分母)须用复数形式] one fifth五分之一
in twos and threes 三三两两，零零星星 at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟
【特别提醒】
(1)只修饰可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式的词/短语：a few, quite a few, many, a good many, a large number of, dozens of, scores of, hundreds of, thousands of, millions of。
(2)只修饰不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式词/短语：a little, much, a great deal of, a large amount of。
(3)既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词的短语：
①作主语时，谓语动词根据名词来定：a lot of, lots of, plenty of；
②作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：a large quantity of；
③作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式：large quantities of。
1．(2025·江西省南昌市第十中学高三月考)The ________ (one) few weeks were filled with a long－lost feeling of freedom.
2．(2025·四川省绵阳市南山中学高三月考)They survived—________ dozen people in the Keys didn't—but the grove wasn't as lucky.
解析：根据设空前的The可知，设空处应用序数词，表示“最初的几个星期”。故填first。
解析：根据设空后的dozen可知，此处指“一打”，即“十二个人”。故填a。
first
a
3．(2025·重庆市名校联盟高三期中)A survey published in July by the Pew Research Centre found that less than two ________ (five) of them would consider buying an electric vehicle (EV).
4．(2025·四川省成都市新津中学高三月考)Poetry probably had its origins in traditional folk music ____________ (thousand) of years ago.
解析：分数表达法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于一，分母用复数。此处表示“五分之二”，分母应用序数词的复数。故填fifths。
解析： thousands of修饰可数名词。故填thousands。
fifths
thousands
5．(2025·上海市上海师范大学附属嘉定高级中学高三期中)One was an ordinary－looking male in his __________ (twenty), while the other was a man of the same age who “had long hair” and “had not shaved for several days”．
解析：in one's twenties意为“在某人二十多岁时”，表示不确切的年龄，应用表示整十的基数词的复数。故填twenties。
twenties
R
