高考科学复习解决方案 英语
一 背记单词
◎文化遗产和历史
1．heritage n. 遗产(指国家或社会长期形成的历史、传统和特色)
2．temple n. 庙；寺
3．relic n. 遗物；遗迹
4．mount n. 山峰
5．clue n. 线索；提示
6．dam n. 水坝；拦河坝
7．within prep.& adv. 在(某段时间、距离或范围)之内
8．issue vt. 宣布；公布
9．document vt. 记录；记载(详情)
10．archaeologist n. 考古学家
11．pyramid n. (古埃及的)金字塔；棱锥体
12．dragon n. 龙
13．cave n. 山洞；洞穴
◎技术和应用
14．preserve vt. 保存
15．app n. 应用程序；应用软件
16．establish vt. 建立
17．prevent vt. 阻止
18．department n. 部；司；科
19．fund n. 基金；专款
20．conduct n. 行为
21．attempt n．& vt. 企图
22．download vt. 下载
23．contrast n. 对比
◎描述词
24．former adj. 以前的
25．worthwhile adj. 值得做的
26．overseas adj. 海外的
27．digital adj. 数码的；数字显示的
28．quality adj. 优质的；高质量的
29．further adv. 更远
30．forever adv. 永远
◎其他
31．cypress n. 柏树
32．protest n. 抗议
33．committee n. 委员会
34．republic n. 共和国
35．exit n. 出口
36．sheet n. 一张(纸)；床单；被单
37．parade n. 游行
38．mirror n. 镜子
39．roof n. 顶部；屋顶
40．image n. 形象；印象
41．throughout prep. 各处；遍及；自始至终
42．opinion n. 意见
43．quote vt. 引用
44．paraphrase n．，vi.& vt. (用更容易理解的文字)解释
二 词形变化
1．create vt. 创造→creative adj. 创造性的→creatively adv. 创造性地→creativity n. 创造力→creation n. 创造
2．promote vt. 促进；提升→promotion n. 晋升
3．apply vi. 申请→application n. 申请(表)→applicant n. 申请人
4．balance n. 平衡→balanced adj. 均衡的
5．propose vt. 建议→proposal n. 提议
6．likely adj. 可能的 adv. 可能地→(反) unlikely adj. 不大可能发生的 adv. 不可能地
7．limit n. 限度→limited adj. 有限的→limitless adj. 无限的→limitation n. 范围
8．lose vt. 丢失→lost adj. 丢失的→loss n. 丧失
9．contribute vi.& vt. 捐献→contribution n. 捐款→contributor n. 撰稿人
10．investigate vi.& vt. 调查→investigation n. 调查
11．donate vt. 捐赠→donation n. 捐赠→donor n. 捐赠者
12．disappear vi. 消失→appear vi. 出现→disappearance n. 消失→appearance n. 出现
13．professional adj. 专业的→profession n. 专业→professor n. 教授
14．enter vt.& vi. 进入→entrance n. 入口
15．process n. 过程→processed adj. 加工的→processor n. 加工者
16．forgive vt.& vi. 原谅→forgiveness n. 原谅
17．tradition n. 传统→traditional adj. 传统的→traditionally adv. 传统地
18．history n. 历史→historic adj. 历史上著名的→historian n. 历史学家→historical adj. 历史上的
19．compare vt.& vi. 与……相比较→compared adj. 比较的→comparison n. 比较
20．identify vt. 确认→identity n. 身份→identification n. 识别
1．Due to the destruction of the ecosystem, some rare species have disappeared and their disappearance is a great loss to us. (disappear)
2．We should pass down our ancient traditions and cultures, such as traditional foods during the Spring Festival.(tradition)
3．The police are investigating the robbery and all the suspects will be under investigation. (investigate)
4．The writer personally contributed ￡5，000 to the earthquake fund last week and all his contributions were gratefully received.(contribute)
5．Knowledge is limitless,__but my memory limits me to remember only limited information.(limit)
6．In our daily life, we should have a balanced diet. What's more, we should keep a balance between work and relaxation for the benefit of our health.(balance)
7．The donor generously donated food and money to the poor family and his donation helped them go through the hard time.(donate)
8．The job applicant must have good verbal skills. That's why I send my application to you.(apply)
三 熟词生义
1.promote [熟义] v. 促进；提升；推动
[生义] v. 推销；晋级；晋升
2．give way to [熟义] v. 让步，屈服
[生义] v. 为……所代替
3．balance [熟义] n. 平衡；均匀 vt. 使平衡
[生义] n. 余额；余款
4．contribute [熟义] v. 捐献；捐助；贡献
[生义] v. 促成；投稿；撰稿
5．issue [熟义] n. 重要议题；(争论的)问题
[生义] v. 宣布；公布；出版 n. (报纸、杂志等的)期，号
1．She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
她给这家杂志撰写了许多文章。
2．He has been promoted to general manager.
他已经被晋升为总经理。
3．I'm reading the last issue of the paper.
我在读上一期的报纸。
4．The gray clouds gradually broke up and gave way to a blue sky.
灰色的云层渐渐散开，取而代之的是一片蓝天。
5．I have a balance of $50，000 in my savings account.
我的存款账户里有五万美元的余额。
小积累 word families
1.ABC型不规则动词 ①forgive,__forgave,__forgiven 原谅 ②arise, arose, arisen 出现，发生 ③awake, awoke, awaken 唤醒，使醒来 ④draw, drew, drawn 拉，拖；取钱；画 ⑤choose,__chose,__chosen 选择 2.dis 否定前缀词精选 ①disappear vi. 消失 ②disagree vi. 不同意 ③dislike vt. 不喜欢 ④distrust vt. 不信任 ⑤discourage vt. 使气馁 ⑥discover vt. 发现 3.“导致”一家亲 ①lead to ②result__in ③cause ④account for ⑤contribute__to ⑥bring about ⑦give rise to
一 词表短语
1．take__part__in 参与(某事)；参加(某活动)
2．give__way__to 让步；屈服
3．keep__a__balance 保持平衡
4．lead__to 导致
5．make__a__proposal 提出建议
6．turn__to 向……求助
7．prevent__...__from__... 阻止；不准
8．donate__...__to__... 向……捐赠……
9．make__sure 确保；设法保证
10．all__over__the__world 在世界各地
选用上面的短语填空
1．Before leaving for the trip, she made__sure to double check all the travel arrangements to avoid any inconvenience.
2．Walking on the narrow mountain path, she carefully kept__a__balance to avoid slipping into the valley.
3．Feeling grateful for the support she received, she decided to donate a portion of her inheritance to the charity that had assisted her family.
4．I eagerly took__part__in the community service project, hoping to make a positive impact on the neighborhood.
5．When my computer crashed, I had no choice but to turn__to my tech savvy friend for help.
6．Lack of exercise can lead__to feelings of depression and exhaustion.
二 写作词块
1．protect__cultural__heritage 保护文化遗产
2．keep__the__right__balance__between__...__and__... 保持……与……之间适当的平衡
3．destroy__cultural__relics 破坏文化遗迹
4．collect/raise__funds 筹集资金
5．increase__knowledge__and__appreciation__of__China's__ancient__cultural__heritage 增加对中国古代文化遗产的了解和欣赏
6．the__Mogao__Caves 莫高窟
7．a__key__stop__along__the__Silk__Road 丝绸之路上的一个重要站点
8．promote__wider__interest__in 激发对……更广泛的兴趣
9．safeguard__historic__and__cultural__relics 保护历史和文化遗迹
10．tangible/intangible__cultural__heritage 物质/非物质文化遗产
11．diversity__of__cultural__heritage 文化遗产的多样性
12．digital__preservation__of__cultural__heritage 文化遗产的数字化保护
1．(教材P4)新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。(There comes a time when ... )
There__comes__a__time__when__the__old__must__give__way__to__the__new,__and__it__is__not__possible__to__preserve__everything__from__our__past__as__we__move__towards__the__future.
2．(教材P4)这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。(not only ... but also ...)
Not__only__had__the__countries__found__a__path__to__the__future__that__did__not__run__over__the__relics__of__the__past,__but__they__had__also__learnt__that__it__was__possible__for__countries__to__work__together__to__build__a__better__tomorrow.
3．(教材P7)据说这是一面可以分辨是非的镜子！(It's said that ... )
It__is__said__that__it's__a__mirror__that__can__tell__right__from__wrong!
自主检测
一、重点单词
1．create vt. 创造→creative adj. 创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的→creatively adv. 创造性地；有创造力地→creativity n. 创造力；创造性→creation n. 创造；创作；作品
2．apply vi. 申请；适用 vt. 应用；使用→application n. 申请(表)；用途；运用；应用(程序)→applicant n. 申请人
3．propose vt. 建议；提议→proposal n. 提议；建议
4．disappear vi. 消失；灭绝；消亡→disappearance n. 消失；灭绝→(反)appear vi. 出现→appearance n. 出现；外表
5．lose vt. 丢失；丧失；迷路→lost adj. 丢失的；迷路的→loss n. 丧失；损失
6．contribute vi.& vt. 捐献；捐助→contribution n. 捐款；贡献；捐赠→contributor n. 撰稿人；捐款者
7．process n. 过程；进程；步骤 vt. 处理；加工→processed adj. 加工的；处理的→processor n. 加工者；处理器
8．identify vt. 确认；认出；找到→identity n. 身份→identification n. 识别；身份证明(文件)
拔高词汇— 高分必备
1.cognition/k ɡ'nI ( )n/n. 认知 2．righteous/'raIt s/adj. 正派的；正直的 3．intently/In'tentli/adv. 专心地；一心一意地 4．compassionate/k m'p n t/adj. 有同情心的 5.profound/pr 'fa nd/adj. (感情)强烈的；深远的 6．bookish/'b kI /adj. 书呆子气的 7．misjudge/ mIs'd d /v. 误判；判断错误 8．exclaim/Ik'skleIm/v. (因惊讶、愤怒、兴奋)呼喊，惊叫
二、重点语块
In an effort to protect__cultural__heritage (保护文化遗产), the community took__part__in (参加) a series of initiatives, making__sure (确保) each action was carefully planned. When faced with the dilemma of modernization versus conservation, the council was at a loss, but eventually, they gave__way__to (屈服于) the collective voice of the people, who made__a__proposal (提出建议) to preserve the historic sites. This decision not only kept__a__balance (保持平衡) between progress and tradition but also ensured the legacy of the past would continue to inspire future generations.
三、重点句式
1．保护文化遗产的时代已经到来，这不仅仅是每个世代的选择，更是每个世代的责任。(There comes a time when ...)
There__comes__a__time__when__protecting__cultural__heritage__is__not__just__a__choice,__but a responsibility for every generation.
2．经常锻炼不仅对身体健康有益，对心理健康也有好处。(not only ..., but also ...)
Regular__exercise__is__not__only__beneficial__for__physical__health,__but also for mental well being.
四、写作佳句
1．【教材P4】在发展与文化遗址保护之间找到恰当的平衡点并加以保持，这可能是一项巨大的挑战。
Finding__and__keeping__the__right__balance__between__progress__and__the__protection__of__cultural__sites__can__be__a__big__challenge.
2．【教材P4】阿斯旺大坝工程(the Aswan Dam project)的精神今日尚存。
The__spirit__of__the__Aswan__Dam__project__is__still__alive__today.
3．【教材P8】长期以来，莫高窟(The Mogao Caves)一直是多元文化的交汇点，反映着不同国家的历史文化。
The__Mogao__Caves__have__long__been__a__meeting__point__for__different__cultures__and__are__part__of__the__history__of__many__countries.
4．【教材P8】欣赏他国文化遗产，有助于增进国际交流和理解。
Appreciating__the__cultural__heritage__of__other__countries__is__very__important__for__international__communication__and__understanding.
硬核考点
考点1 balance n. 平衡；均匀 vt. 使平衡；比较；权衡重要性 keep/lose one's balance 保持/失去平衡 keep a balance between ... and ... 保持……与……的平衡 balance A against B 权衡/斟酌/比较A和B keep a balanced diet 保持均衡膳食
1．Focused on balancing (balance) the bags, she didn't notice her wallet falling out of her pocket.
2．It would be a good idea if you could keep a balanced (balance) diet to keep physically healthy.
3．我也对植物在维持生态系统平衡中所起的作用有了更深刻的认识。
I also gained a greater appreciation for the role that plants play in maintaining__the__balance__of__our__ecosystem．
4．她努力在工作和个人生活之间保持平衡。
She__tries__to__keep__a__balance__between__her__work__and__personal__life.
考点2limit n. 限度；限制 vt. 限制；限定 without limit 无限制地 beyond the limit 超出限度 set a limit on ... 对……规定限度 there is a/no limit to ... 对……是有限/无限的 limit ... to ... 把……限制在……内 be limited to ... 仅限于……
1.But that doesn't mean nothing can be done to__limit (limit) the rebound effect.
2．You are required to limit your essay to 800 words, and if your essay is beyond the limit, it will not be accepted.
3．通过学习，一个人可以获得的知识量是无限的。
There__is__no__limit__to__the__amount__of__knowledge one can acquire through learning.
4．她的兴趣不仅仅局限于音乐，她还喜欢绘画和写作。
Her__interests__are__not__limited__to__music;__she__also__enjoys__painting__and__writing.
考点3 contribute vi.& vt. 捐献；捐助；捐款；投稿 contribute ... to ... 捐助……给……；向……投稿 contribute to 有助于；导致；促成；向……捐款/投稿 make a contribution/contributions to ... 为……做贡献
1．He contributed an article about environmental conservation to the scientific journal of school.
2．我也想为社会做贡献，对人们的生活产生有意义的影响。(写作佳句)
I also want to make__contributions__to__society and make a meaningful impact on people's lives.
3．我喜欢书法的原因是，在练习书法时，我能感受到它给我内心带来的平静，这也促使我一直致力于练习书法。
The reason why I like it is that when practicing calligraphy, I'll feel the peace it brings to my mind, which__contributes__to__my__being__committed__to__it.
考点4 attempt n．& vt. 企图；试图；尝试 make an attempt to do/at doing sth 试图做某事 at the first attempt 第一次尝试 in an attempt to do sth 为了做某事；努力做某事 attempt to do sth 努力做某事；企图做某事
1.The climbers made a bold attempt to__reach (reach) the summit of the mountain despite the bad weather.
2．Eloise shook her head, attempting (attempt) to get rid of the lonely feeling that was beginning to form.
3．为了提高人们对文化遗产保护重要性的认识，我们学校正在组织一个为期一周的节日，庆祝我们地区的历史和传统。
In__an__attempt__to__raise__people's__awareness about the importance of cultural heritage conservation, our school is organizing a week long festival celebrating our region's history and traditions.
4．经过几次尝试，他们终于成功了。
After__several__attempts,__they__finally__made__it.
5．她试图为自己的粗鲁行为道歉，但他还是很生气。(写作佳句)
She__made__an__attempt__to__apologize__for__her__rude__behavior,__but__he__was__still__upset.
【译林版选择性必修第三册写作佳句】
The more we acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites, the more likely we are to treat them with respect.
我们越明白遗产地突出的普遍价值，就越可能会尊重它们。
考点5 worthwhile adj. 值得做的；值得花时间的 It is worthwhile to do/doing sth 做某事是值得的 be (well) worth doing ... ……(非常)值得被做 be worthy 值得被做 be worthy＋of＋n.＝be worth＋n. 值得……
1.It is worthwhile making/to__make (make) an effort to promote the public awareness of environmental protection.
2．His efforts are worthy of praise for his dedication to the community.
3．更重要的是，这个节日给我带来了值得永远珍惜的美好回忆和友谊。(写作佳句)
More importantly, the__festival__brought__me__lovely__memories__and__friendships__worth__cherishing__forever.
4．这本书值得所有热爱文学的人去阅读。
This book is__worthy__of__being__read__by__everyone__who__loves__literature．
＝This book is__worthy__to__be__read__by__everyone__who__loves__literature.
考点6 turn to 向……求助 ask/turn to sb for help 向某人求助 turn down 调小(音量等)；拒绝 turn up 调大(音量等)；出现 turn in 上交 turn out 结果是；原来是 turn ... into ... 把……变成…… turn over 翻转；翻身；认真思考
1.When I faced a difficult problem at work, I asked my mentor for help to find a solution.
2．The book turned a true story into a gripping novel that kept readers on the edge of their seats.
3．Surprisingly, an__old__friend__of__mine__turned__up (我的一个老朋友出现了) at the party last night.
4．她躺在床上无法入睡，一直在思考即将进行的演讲。
She lay in bed, unable to sleep, turning__over__the__upcoming__presentation．
5．得知您对中国文化感兴趣，我想就演讲比赛的话题向您寻求一些建议。
Learning you are interested in Chinese culture, I__have__to__turn__to__you__for__some__advice__on__the__topics__of__the__speech__competition.
考点7 There comes a time when ... ……的时代到来了。 与time 有关的常用句式： It/This/That＋was＋the first/second/ ... time (that)＋过去完成时 这/那是第一/二/……次…… It/This/That＋is＋the first/second/ ... time (that)＋现在完成时 这/那是第一/二/……次…… There was a time when ... 曾有一个……的时期。 the last/first time＋从句 上次/第一次…… It's high time that ... did/should do sth 该是做……的时候了。
1．This was the second time that she had__won (win) the national championship in swimming.
2．It's high time that we addressed/should__address (address) the issue of climate change more seriously.
3．这是我第一次参观这座美丽的城市。
It is the first time that I__have__visited__this__beautiful__city.
4．我们都有需要放下过去、向前看的时候。
There__comes__a__time__when__we__all__need__to__let__go__of__the__past__and__move__forward.
考点8 not only ... but (also) ... 不但……而且…… not only ... but also ... 不但……而且……，连接两个平行结构，当连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词要根据but also后的名词决定单复数(就近原则)。 not only位于句首时，not only后面的句子要用部分倒装，but also 后面的句子不倒装。
1．Not only the teacher but also the students are (be) excited about the upcoming field trip.
2．This activity holds great significance as not__only__does__it__foster__cultural__understanding (它不仅能促进文化理解) but also it allows me to share my own culture and learn from others.
3．海洋不仅为我们提供了丰富的资源，还在维持生态系统平衡方面发挥作用。
The__oceans__not__only__provide__us__with__abundant__resources,__but they also play a role in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem.
＝Not__only__do__the__oceans__provide__us__with__abundant__resources,__but they also play a role in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem. (倒装)
【译林版选择性必修第三册写作佳句】
If your heart breaks like mine at the thought of our irreplaceable heritage being lost forever, please take action.
如果你的心像我一样，一想到我们不可替代的遗产将永远消失就感到心碎，请采取行动。
强化训练
一、单句语法填空
1．(2023·全国甲卷)Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to__delist (delist) grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.
2．Lisa watched until the train disappeared (disappear) from view.
3．Though the path leading to the farm was narrow, we were delighted to find our way home.
4．Doing small things well contributes to building (build) up our confidence and helping us meet big challenges in the future.
5．The frozen food industry could be supplied entirely by growers and processors (process) outside the country.
6．There is no limit to the creativity and imagination of children.
7．She carefully crafted her online identity (identify) to reflect her professional achievements and personal interests.
8．During the festival, people from all walks of life took part in the parade, celebrating the rich cultural heritage.
9．The artist expressed his emotions creatively (creative) through his paintings, capturing the essence of the landscape.
10．She always strives to maintain a balanced (balance) lifestyle, combining work, exercise, and leisure activities.
二、熟词生义
1．The storm gave way to bright sunshine.被……代替
2．She worked hard and was soon promoted. 晋升
3．Before making any further purchases, I checked my bank account balance to ensure I had enough funds. 余额
4．Her creative ideas and hard work contributed greatly to the success of the project.促成
5．The newspaper issued a special edition to commemorate the anniversary of the country's founding. 出版
三、构词法
词缀 含义 例词
pro 向前 promote,__protest, proceed, process, progress, propose, protect, product, proclaim, profess, proficient, profile, prolong
写出下列黑体词的含义
1．We need to promote an open exchange of ideas and information. 促进
2．After careful consideration, the committee proceeded with the plan to renovate the historical building. 继续
3．The process of cultural integration requires time and patience from all parties involved. 过程
4．The mayor proposed a new initiative to improve public transportation in the city. 提出
5．The king proclaimed a new law to protect the environment from further degradation. 宣布
6．The illness has unfortunately prolonged his recovery time, requiring additional rest and treatment. 延长
四、补全句子
1．在几次徒劳的尝试之后，我绝望地等待着。(attempt n．)
After__making__several__vain__attempts,__I waited hopelessly.
2．为了保持最佳健康状态，锻炼和休息之间保持平衡很重要。(balance n．)
It's__important__to__keep__a__balance__between__exercise__and__rest for optimal health.
3．无论这个男孩何时遇到与学习有关的难题，他都会求助于互联网。(turn to)
No matter when the boy meets with difficult problems related to study, he__will__turn__to__the__Internet．
4．这幅画因其历史价值值得在博物馆展出。(worthy)
The__painting__is__worthy__of__being__displayed/to__be__displayed__in__a__museum for its historical value.
5．这次活动不仅为学生们提供了一个展示他们才华的平台，而且还激发了他们对中国文化的热情。(倒装)
Not__only__does__the__activity__provide__students__with__a__platform__to__showcase__their__talent,__but also fuels their passion for Chinese culture.
6．有时候，笑声是我们心灵最好的良药。(There come a time when ... )
There__come__a__time__when__laughter__is__the__best__medicine for our souls.
五、长难句分析
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
句意：达鲁和他的团队使用了一个包含19亿条植物、昆虫、鸟类和动物记录的全球数据集，测试这些数据在多大程度上代表了实际的全球生物多样性模式。
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。Using a global dataset ...为现在分词短语作方式状语，how引导宾语从句，作tested的宾语。
读写用—素养提升
一、深化阅读——明晰考向 以阅读养阅读
(2025·八省联考)Want to learn a new language or get A's in college exams Previous studies have shown that exercise can help stimulate the areas of the brain that convert (转换) new information into long－term memory. A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning.
Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function, scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning.
Participants—72 healthy male and female adults—were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning. After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries, but two－thirds of them also exercised. Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test. The other half did the same exercise but not until four hours after they had been tested.
Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test, and they were connected to MRI (磁共振成像) machines to assess their brain activity. The participants who exercised four hours after taking the computer test were able to recall what they had learned most accurately. Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned.
According to this research, the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying. But why That's one question the researchers have yet to answer. Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning. I've run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout. But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究发现，在学习四小时后进行锻炼有助于最大化学习效果，但研究尚未解答锻炼为何能在此时产生最佳效果以及哪种强度的锻炼最能改善学习效果。
32．What did the new study aim to explore
A．When exercise is best for learning.
B．What biochemicals are good for health.
C．How brainwaves should be measured.
D．Which area of the brain is the most active.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A new study has taken ... when exercise can help maximize learning.(一项新的研究在此基础上更进一步，发现了锻炼有助于最大化学习效果的最佳时间。)”和第二段内容可知，新研究旨在探索什么时候锻炼最有利于学习。故选A。
33．What were all the participants asked to do during the experiment
A．Train on bicycles.
B．Do mathematics exercises.
C．Play computer games.
D．Watch films about nature.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries”可知，实验要求所有受试者在实验过程中观看自然纪录片，即看一部有关自然的电影。故选D。
34．Why did the participants return to the lab two days later
A．To do a medical examination.
B．To have their memory tested.
C．To get their workouts recorded.
D．To finish their previous tasks.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test”可知，参与者两天后返回实验室是为了测试他们的记忆。故选B。
35．What might the author's marathon running prove
A．The findings of the study are reliable.
B．Long－distance runners are often smart.
C．Studies on the marathon are not enough.
D．Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I've run enough marathons ... after a tough workout.”可推知，作者通过自己跑马拉松的经历证明，剧烈的锻炼可能不会使大脑变得敏锐。故选D。
推断细节题——“揣摩推敲”法
1．根据题干中的关键信息，确定答题方向。
2．扫描4个选项，排除对原文信息简单重复的选项。
3．留意文中的情态动词或虚拟语气，往往据此可推测出作者的言外之意。
4．对文章信息进行合乎逻辑的推测，不要主观臆断。
二、读后续写——必备微技能
高品素材 情绪描写——惊讶
感到惊讶 be surprised/amazed/shocked/astonished/stunned (to the spot)
令人惊讶的是 to one's surprise/shock/astonishment; It came as a shock that ...
被惊得哑口无言 be struck dumb with amazement
使某人大吃一惊 knock sb sideways
难以置信 can't believe one's eyes
表情惊讶 wear/with a jaw dropping/surprised look
瞠目 one's eyes widened/sb widened one's eyes/with one's eyes wide open/wide eyed
捂嘴/张嘴 cover one's mouth/widen one's mouth/open mouthed
结舌 be/get tongue tied (with great surprise)
惊掉下巴 one's jaw dropped to the floor
眼里惊讶 (with) one's eyes sparkling/shining/twinkling/flickering with surprise
惊讶地站在某地不讲话 so shocked that sb remained standing sp, unable to speak
惊讶地倒吸一口气 gasp in astonishment (at sth)
颤抖、惊讶地说 say/speak in a trembling, surprised voice/tone
惊讶地看 give/cast/throw sb a/an astonishing/surprising/shocking/jaw dropping look/gaze/glimpse/glance
晴天霹雳 like a bolt from the blue sky
目瞪口呆，说不出话 so astonished that sb stood sp with one's mouth widened, unable to utter a single word
惊讶爬上脸 a spark/flicker of surprise flashed across/spread over/crept upon one's face
高效课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读
A
(2025·河南省许平汝名校高三期中)
Online Lecture: In Search of Incan Remains
—Walking Today's Cusco City
Join us on Tuesday at 11：00 am Aug. 20 for a one hour lecture and Question and Answer (Q&A) to learn about Cusco's Incan heritage (遗产)．
At a Glance
In the Spanish Conquest of the Incan Empire (帝国), the city of Cusco was destroyed. Is there anything left of these impressive buildings and their treasures Join historian Oscar Oviedo Velasco for a tour of this city, capital of the largest empire ever seen in the Americas. Explore the streets of Cusco in search of the remains of a city that long ago disappeared.
General Notes
The online lecture, which will take place live over the course of 1－2 hours, uses Zoom Webinar, an easy to use web video service. You will receive a confirmation email when you sign up, and a reminder email one week and one day before, as well as on the morning of the event with a link and instructions on how to tune in. You will not be pictured on screen during the lecture, but you will have the opportunity to ask the instructor live questions using the Q&A box. You will also have access to a recording of the whole lecture that you can watch any time within the two weeks following the live event.
Featured Expert: Oscar Oviedo Velasco
Oscar Oviedo Velasco has over 15 years of experience as a local expert and group leader. Oscar has participated in projects related to pre Inca civilizations and battlefields. Specializing in archeology (考古学), museology, history and art, Oscar is currently studying conservation and restoration of antiques at San Marcos University.
Price
The price of $25 includes a live one hour lecture, an interactive Q&A session, live technology support and a recording of the lecture.
Prefer to participate or inquire by phone 800－454－5768.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个关于库斯科印加遗产的在线讲座。
1．Where can the participants interact with the lecturer
A．On the phone. B．In an art school.
C．In the Q&A box. D．At the lecture site.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据General Notes部分中的“you will have the opportunity to ask the instructor live questions using the Q&A box”可知，参加者可以通过问答框和演讲者互动。故选C。
2．What can we learn about Oscar Oviedo Velasco
A．He has explored Cusco for long.
B．He works as an international guide.
C．He is restoring antiques in a museum.
D．He is responsible for live technology support.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据Featured Expert: Oscar Oviedo Velasco部分中的“Oscar Oviedo Velasco has over 15 years of experience as a local expert and group leader.”可推知，Oscar Oviedo Velasco (奥斯卡·奥维耶多·韦拉斯科)已经探索库斯科很长时间了。故选A。
3．What is accessible to the participants paying 25 dollars
A．The entire recording of the lecture.
B．Long term guidance from the expert.
C．Free use of the organizer's computers.
D．A group tour to San Marcos University.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据Price部分中的“The price of $25 ... a recording of the lecture.”可知，参加者支付25美元可以得到整个演讲的录音。故选A。
B
(2025·广西南宁市银海三雅学校高三质量检测)Chinese people love food made of flour. In the hands of skilled artisans, flour is made into lovely models of people or animals to be enjoyed and played with, which brings a unique kind of pleasure. This art form is called dough figurine (面塑). Among the various art styles of dough figurines, Beijing's Dough Figurine Lang is a unique folk art, which is filled with the rich history and customs of the capital city. In 2008, it was included in the list of national intangible cultural heritage.
It was created by Lang Shao'an. Most of the dough figurines are animals and characters from legends, historical stories, and local operas. The finished product is either put at the end of a thin stick or on a table for display. Some are mostly for children to eat or play with, with simple forms and vivid decorations, while some are fine pieces of artwork for display only. For this reason, during the making process they are often mixed with additives (添加剂) to better preserve the finished products.
Lang Jiaziyu, born in 1995, is the third generation inheritor (继承人) of Dough Figurine Lang. When he was 15, he created Beijing Olympic Mascot (吉祥物) shaped dough figurines which were highly praised. He looks a bit more fashionable than other folk artisans. In his skilled hands, pop culture icons (偶像) are popular with young people.
Like most of the other intangible cultural heritage handicrafts in China, Dough Figurine Lang does not get as much attention from the public. Few young people are willing to take the time to master a skill that does not make money, which has led to a decline in the number of those who are devoted to the handicraft. Good handicrafts need the devotion of artisans from one generation to another.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国非物质文化遗产手工艺：面人郎，包括其起源以及形式。
4．What is special about Dough Figurine Lang
A．It reflects Beijing's culture.
B．It is created by many famous artists.
C．It shows people's lifestyles and beliefs.
D．It is popular with both tourists and the locals.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Among the various art styles ... of the capital city.”可知，面人郎展现了北京的文化。故选A。
5．Why do artisans add additives to dough figurines
A．To make dough figurines taste good.
B．To keep colors brighter and lasting longer.
C．To help shape dough into various forms.
D．To better preserve the finished products.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For this reason ... preserve the finished products.”可知，在面塑中混合添加剂是为了更好地保存成品。故选D。
6．What is the third paragraph mainly about
A．Suggestions for other folk artisans.
B．Different art styles of dough figurines.
C．Lang Jiaziyu's accomplishments as an artisan.
D．The popularity of modern dough figurines.
答案：C
解析：段落大意题。根据第三段(郎佳子彧，1995年出生，是面人郎的第三代传承人。15岁时，他制作了北京奥运会吉祥物面塑人偶，受到好评。他看起来比其他民间手艺人要时髦一些。在他熟练的手中，流行文化偶像受到年轻人的欢迎。)可知，第三段主要介绍了郎佳子彧作为手艺人的成就。故选C。
7．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To call on people to master a skill.
B．To appeal to people to value this folk art.
C．To teach people ways to appreciate the handicraft.
D．To persuade people to protect national cultural heritage.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。通读全文并结合最后一段中的“Few young people ... from one generation to another.”可推知，作者想要呼吁人们能更加重视这一民间艺术。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·福建省宁德市蕉城区宁德第一中学高三一模)In Chinese traditional architecture, a skywell is an open courtyard or well like space usually located at the heart of a building or group of buildings.__1__ Their designs often feature the classic Chinese dou gong overhangs to provide shade and collect water into a central basin.
Chinese skywells are so effective in cooling homes because they can control natural airing. Cool air is drawn into the building from the lower levels, and warm air escapes and rises through the upper levels. 2
The skywell's layout and construction materials also help in thermal (热量的) regulation. During the day, the courtyard absorbs heat from the sun, acting as a thermal mass.__3__This day night cycle helps maintain a balanced and consistent temperature indoors.
Most traditional skywells include water features, such as fountains or ponds. A recent study has shown that the most significant part of a skywell's cooling effect comes from these water bodies.__4__ As water evaporates (蒸发) from these features, it absorbs heat from the surrounding air. This reduces the temperature within the courtyard and surrounding rooms.
__5__ One fitting example is the National Heavy Vehicle Engineering Technology Research Centre in Jinan, an 18 story building that has a giant open space at its heart from the fifth floor to the top floor. The toilets, elevators, and meeting rooms surround this space. This enhances natural airing and natural energy consumption, according to the Shanghai based CCDI Group.
A．This promotes fresh air flow，especially during hot summer days.
B．It is often a square surrounded by the building's rooms and wings.
C．This cooling was disadvantageous in regions with hot and dry climates.
D．It's probably why temperatures around them are 2.6 ℃ to 4.2 ℃ lower.
E．These wonders continue to inspire architects to seek sustainable solutions.
F．The magic of skywells stands as witnesses to the wisdom of ancient builders.
G．The stored heat is gradually released as the outdoor temperature drops at night.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了天井见证了古代建筑者的智慧。
1．答案：B
解析：上文“In Chinese traditional architecture ... group of buildings.(在中国传统建筑中，天井是一个开放的庭院或井状空间，通常位于建筑物或建筑群的中心。)”介绍天井的位置。B项(它通常是一个被建筑物的房间和侧翼包围的正方形。)承接上文，其中It代指上文中的a skywell。故选B。
2．答案：A
解析：上文“Cool air is drawn ... the upper levels.(冷空气从较低的楼层被吸入建筑，暖空气从较高的楼层排出并上升。)”讲述了天井是如何让房间凉快下来的。A项(这促进了新鲜空气的流动，尤其是在炎热的夏天。)承接上文。故选A。
3．答案：G
解析：根据上文“During the day, the courtyard absorbs heat from the sun, acting as a thermal mass.(白天，庭院吸收太阳的热量，充当热质。)”和下文“This day night cycle helps maintain a balanced and consistent temperature indoors.(这种昼夜循环有助于保持室内平衡一致的温度。)”可知，设空处应讲述热量在夜间的状况。G项(夜间室外温度下降，储存的热量逐渐释放。)符合语境。故选G。
4．答案：D
解析：上文“A recent study ... these water bodies.(最近的一项研究表明，天井冷却效果的最重要部分来自这些水体。)”介绍了建筑物温度降低的原因。D项(这可能是它们周围的温度比其他地方低2.6 ℃到4.2 ℃的原因。)承接上文。故选D。
5．答案：E
解析：下文“One fitting example ... to the top floor. (一个恰当的例子是位于济南的国家重型车辆工程技术研究中心，这是一座18层的建筑，从五楼到顶楼，中心都有一个巨大的开放空间。)”讲述了古代建筑物的智慧在现代的体现。E项(这些奇迹不断激励着建筑师寻求可持续的解决方案。)引出下文，对本段有总括作用。故选E。
24(共94张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
第一编 教材复习
必修第二册
UNIT 1 CULTURAL HERITAGE
单元话题 语法 写作
文化遗产 限制性定语从句(3) 新闻报道
教材深挖
高效课时作业
目录
CONTENTS
2
3
高效晨背
1
高效晨背
一 背记单词
◎文化遗产和历史
1．heritage n. __________________________________________________
2．temple n. ________________
3．relic n. ________________
4．________ n. 山峰
5．clue n. ________________
6．dam n. ________________
遗产(指国家或社会长期形成的历史、传统和特色)
庙；寺
遗物；遗迹
mount
线索；提示
水坝；拦河坝
7．within prep.& adv. _______________________________
8．________ vt. 宣布；公布
9．__________ vt. 记录；记载(详情)
10．archaeologist n. ________________
11．pyramid n. __________________________
12．________ n. 龙
13．cave n. ________________
在(某段时间、距离或范围)之内
issue
document
考古学家
(古埃及的)金字塔；棱锥体
dragon
山洞；洞穴
◎技术和应用
14．________ vt. 保存
15．app n. ____________________
16．________ vt. 建立
17．________ vt. 阻止
18．department n. ________________
19．fund n. ________________
20．________ n. 行为
21．________ n．& vt. 企图
22．___________ vt. 下载
23．________ n. 对比
preserve
应用程序；应用软件
establish
prevent
部；司；科
基金；专款
conduct
attempt
download
contrast
◎描述词
24．________ adj. 以前的
25．_____________ adj. 值得做的
26．__________ adj. 海外的
27．digital adj. _____________________
28．________ adj. 优质的；高质量的
29．________ adv. 更远
30．________ adv. 永远
former
worthwhile
overseas
数码的；数字显示的
quality
further
forever
◎其他
31．cypress n. ________________
32．________ n. 抗议
33．committee n. ________________
34．republic n. ________________
35．________ n. 出口
36．sheet n. _______________________
柏树
protest
委员会
共和国
exit
一张(纸)；床单；被单
37．________ n. 游行
38．mirror n. ________________
39．roof n. ________________
40．image n. ________________
41．throughout prep. ________________________
42．________ n. 意见
43．quote vt. ________________
44．paraphrase n．，vi.& vt. _____________________________
parade
镜子
顶部；屋顶
形象；印象
各处；遍及；自始至终
opinion
引用
(用更容易理解的文字)解释
二 词形变化
1.create vt. 创造→___________ adj. 创造性的→___________ adv. 创造性地→___________ n. 创造力→___________ n. 创造
2．promote vt. 促进；提升→___________ n. 晋升
3．apply vi. 申请→____________ n. 申请(表)→____________ n. 申请人
4．balance n. 平衡→___________ adj. 均衡的
5．propose vt. 建议→________ n. 提议
6．likely adj. 可能的 adv. 可能地→(反) ________ adj. 不大可能发生的 adv. 不可能地
creative
creatively
creativity
creation
promotion
application
applicant
balanced
proposal
unlikely
7．limit n. 限度→________ adj. 有限的→________ adj. 无限的→___________ n. 范围
8．lose vt. 丢失→________ adj. 丢失的→________ n. 丧失
9．contribute vi.& vt. 捐献→_____________ n. 捐款→___________ n. 撰稿人
10．investigate vi.& vt. 调查→_____________ n. 调查
11．donate vt. 捐赠→__________ n. 捐赠→________ n. 捐赠者
12．disappear vi. 消失→______ vi. 出现→____________ n. 消失→__________ n. 出现
13．professional adj. 专业的→___________ n. 专业→__________ n. 教授
limited
limitless
lost
limitation
loss
contribution
contributor
investigation
donation
donor
appear
disappearance
appearance
profession
professor
14．enter vt.& vi. 进入→________ n. 入口
15．process n. 过程→__________ adj. 加工的→__________ n. 加工者
16．forgive vt.& vi. 原谅→___________ n. 原谅
17．tradition n. 传统→___________ adj. 传统的→___________ adv. 传统地
18．history n. 历史→________ adj. 历史上著名的→________ n. 历史学家→__________ adj. 历史上的
19．compare vt.& vi. 与……相比较→__________ adj. 比较的→____________ n. 比较
20．identify vt. 确认→________ n. 身份→_____________ n. 识别
entrance
processed
processor
forgiveness
traditional
traditionally
historic
historian
historical
compared
comparison
identity
identification
1．Due to the destruction of the ecosystem, some rare species have ____________ and their _____________ is a great loss to us. (disappear)
2．We should pass down our ancient _________ and cultures, such as _________ foods during the Spring Festival.(tradition)
3．The police are _____________ the robbery and all the suspects will be under ______________. (investigate)
4．The writer personally ___________ ￡5，000 to the earthquake fund last week and all his _____________ were gratefully received.(contribute)
disappeared
disappearance
traditions
traditional
investigating
investigation
contributed
contributions
5．Knowledge is __________， but my memory ________ me to remember only ________ information.(limit)
6．In our daily life, we should have a ___________ diet. What's more, we should keep a ________ between work and relaxation for the benefit of our health.(balance)
7．The ________ generously ________ food and money to the poor family and his __________ helped them go through the hard time.(donate)
8．The job __________ must have good verbal skills. That's why I send my ____________ to you.(apply)
limitless
limits
limited
balanced
balance
donor
donated
donation
applicant
application
1.promote [熟义] v. 促进；提升；推动
[生义] v. ________________
2．give way to [熟义] v. 让步，屈服
[生义] v. ________________
3．balance [熟义] n. 平衡；均匀 vt. 使平衡
[生义] n. ________________
4．contribute [熟义] v. 捐献；捐助；贡献
[生义] v. ____________________
5．issue [熟义] n. 重要议题；(争论的)问题
[生义] v. __________________ n. __________________________
三 熟词生义
推销；晋级；晋升
2
3
为……所代替
余额；余款
促成；投稿；撰稿
宣布；公布；出版
(报纸、杂志等的)期，号
1．She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
她给这家杂志________了许多文章。
2．He has been promoted to general manager.
他已经被________为总经理。
3．I'm reading the last issue of the paper.
我在读上一________的报纸。
4．The gray clouds gradually broke up and gave way to a blue sky.
灰色的云层渐渐散开，___________的是一片蓝天。
5．I have a balance of $50，000 in my savings account.
我的存款账户里有五万美元的________。
撰写
晋升
期
取而代之
余额
1.ABC型不规则动词 ①________________________ 原谅 ②arise, arose, arisen 出现，发生 ③awake, awoke, awaken 唤醒，使醒来 ④draw, drew, drawn 拉，拖；取钱；画 ⑤______________________ 选择 2.dis 否定前缀词精选 ①___________ vi. 消失 ②disagree vi. 不同意 ③dislike vt. 不喜欢 ④distrust vt. 不信任 ⑤___________ vt. 使气馁 ⑥___________ vt. 发现 3.“导致”一家亲
①lead to
②____________
③cause
④account for
⑤____________
⑥bring about
⑦give rise to
forgive, forgave, forgiven
choose, chose, chosen
小积累 --word families
disappear
discourage
discover
result in
contribute to
一 词表短语
1.________________ 参与(某事)；参加(某活动)
2．________________ 让步；屈服
3．________________ 保持平衡
4．________________ 导致
5．________________ 提出建议
take part in
give way to
keep a balance
lead to
make a proposal
6．________________ 向……求助
7．________________ 阻止；不准
8．________________ 向……捐赠……
9．________________ 确保；设法保证
10．________________ 在世界各地
turn to
prevent ... from ...
donate ... to ...
make sure
all over the world
选用上面的短语填空
1．Before leaving for the trip, she ______________ to double check all the travel arrangements to avoid any inconvenience.
2．Walking on the narrow mountain path, she carefully __________________ to avoid slipping into the valley.
made sure
kept a balance
3．Feeling grateful for the support she received, she decided to ________ a portion of her inheritance ______ the charity that had assisted her family.
4．I eagerly ________________ the community service project, hoping to make a positive impact on the neighborhood.
5．When my computer crashed, I had no choice but to __________ my tech savvy friend for help.
6．Lack of exercise can ____________ feelings of depression and exhaustion.
donate
to
took part in
turn to
lead to
二 写作词块
1._______________________ 保护文化遗产
2．___________________________________ 保持……与……之间适当的平衡
3．_____________________ 破坏文化遗迹
4．________________ 筹集资金
5．_______________________________________________________________ 增加对中国古代文化遗产的了解和欣赏
6．________________ 莫高窟
protect cultural heritage 1
keep the right balance between ... and ...
destroy cultural relics
collect/raise funds
increase knowledge and appreciation of China's ancient cultural heritage
the Mogao Caves
7．___________________________ 丝绸之路上的一个重要站点
8．_____________________ 激发对……更广泛的兴趣
9．_______________________________ 保护历史和文化遗迹
10．_________________________________ 物质/非物质文化遗产
11．_________________________ 文化遗产的多样性
12．___________________________________ 文化遗产的数字化保护
a key stop along the Silk Road
promote wider interest in
safeguard historic and cultural relics
tangible/intangible cultural heritage
diversity of cultural heritage
digital preservation of cultural heritage
1．(教材P4)新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。(There comes a time when ... )
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.
2．(教材P4)这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。(not only ... but also ...)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3．(教材P7)据说这是一面可以分辨是非的镜子！(It's said that ... )
__________________________________________________________________
Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.
It is said that it's a mirror that can tell right from wrong!
教材深挖
自主检测
一、重点单词
1．create vt. 创造→___________ adj. 创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的→___________ adv. 创造性地；有创造力地→___________ n. 创造力；创造性→___________ n. 创造；创作；作品
2．apply vi. 申请；适用 vt. 应用；使用→____________ n. 申请(表)；用途；运用；应用(程序)→__________ n. 申请人
3．propose vt. 建议；提议→___________ n. 提议；建议
creative
creatively
creativity
creation
application
applicant
proposal
4．disappear vi. 消失；灭绝；消亡→______________ n. 消失；灭绝→(反)________ vi. 出现→___________ n. 出现；外表
5．lose vt. 丢失；丧失；迷路→________ adj. 丢失的；迷路的→________ n. 丧失；损失
6．contribute vi.& vt. 捐献；捐助→_____________ n. 捐款；贡献；捐赠→____________ n. 撰稿人；捐款者
7．process n. 过程；进程；步骤 vt. 处理；加工→_____________ adj. 加工的；处理的→___________ n. 加工者；处理器
8．identify vt. 确认；认出；找到→________ n. 身份→______________ n. 识别；身份证明(文件)
disappearance
appear
appearance
lost
loss
contribution
contributor
processed
processor
identity
identification
1.cognition/k ɡ'nI ( )n/n. _______ 2．righteous/'raIt s/adj. ______________ 3．intently/In'tentli/adv. _____________________ 4．compassionate/k m'p n t/adj. ____________ 5.profound/pr 'fa nd/adj. _____________________
6．bookish/'b kI /adj. ________________
7．misjudge/ mIs'd d /v. ________________
8．exclaim/Ik'skleIm/v. _________________________________
拔高词汇— 高分必备
认知
正派的；正直的
专心地；一心一意地
有同情心的
(感情)强烈的；深远的
书呆子气的
误判；判断错误
(因惊讶、愤怒、兴奋)呼喊，惊叫
二、重点语块
In an effort to ____________________________ (保护文化遗产), the community ____________ (参加) a series of initiatives, ____________ (确保) each action was carefully planned. When faced with the dilemma of modernization versus conservation, the council was at a loss, but eventually, they _____________ (屈服于) the collective voice of the people, who ________________ (提出建议) to preserve the historic sites. This decision not only ________________ (保持平衡) between progress and tradition but also ensured the legacy of the past would continue to inspire future generations.
protect cultural heritage
took part in
making sure
gave way to
made a proposal
kept a balance
三、重点句式
1．保护文化遗产的时代已经到来，这不仅仅是每个世代的选择，更是每个世代的责任。(There comes a time when ...)
_____________________________________________________________， but a responsibility for every generation.
2．经常锻炼不仅对身体健康有益，对心理健康也有好处。(not only ..., but also ...)
__________________________________________________， but also for mental well being.
There comes a time when protecting cultural heritage is not just a choice
Regular exercise is not only beneficial for physical health
四、写作佳句
1．【教材P4】在发展与文化遗址保护之间找到恰当的平衡点并加以保持，这可能是一项巨大的挑战。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．【教材P4】阿斯旺大坝工程(the Aswan Dam project)的精神今日尚存。
____________________________________________________________________
Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge.
The spirit of the Aswan Dam project is still alive today.
3．【教材P8】长期以来，莫高窟(The Mogao Caves)一直是多元文化的交汇点，反映着不同国家的历史文化。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4．【教材P8】欣赏他国文化遗产，有助于增进国际交流和理解。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Mogao Caves have long been a meeting point for different cultures and are part of the history of many countries.
Appreciating the cultural heritage of other countries is very important for international communication and understanding.
硬核考点
考点1 balance n. 平衡；均匀 vt. 使平衡；比较；权衡重要性
keep/lose one's balance 保持/失去平衡
keep a balance between ... and ... 保持……与……的平衡
balance A against B 权衡/斟酌/比较A和B
keep a balanced diet 保持均衡膳食
1.Focused on ___________ (balance) the bags, she didn't notice her wallet falling out of her pocket.
2．It would be a good idea if you could keep a ____________ (balance) diet to keep physically healthy.
3．我也对植物在维持生态系统平衡中所起的作用有了更深刻的认识。
I also gained a greater appreciation for the role that plants play in ______________ _________________________________________．
4．她努力在工作和个人生活之间保持平衡。
____________________________________________________________________
balancing
balanced
maintaining the balance of our ecosystem
She tries to keep a balance between her work and personal life.
考点2 limit n. 限度；限制 vt. 限制；限定
without limit 无限制地
beyond the limit 超出限度
set a limit on ... 对……规定限度
there is a/no limit to ... 对……是有限/无限的
limit ... to ... 把……限制在……内
be limited to ... 仅限于……
1.But that doesn't mean nothing can be done ________ (limit) the rebound effect.
2．You are required to limit your essay ________ 800 words, and if your essay is ________ the limit, it will not be accepted.
3．通过学习，一个人可以获得的知识量是无限的。
________________________________________ one can acquire through learning.
4．她的兴趣不仅仅局限于音乐，她还喜欢绘画和写作。
____________________________________________________________________
to limit
to
beyond
There is no limit to the amount of knowledge
Her interests are not limited to music; she also enjoys painting and writing.
考点3 contribute vi.& vt. 捐献；捐助；捐款；投稿
contribute ... to ... 捐助……给……；向……投稿
contribute to 有助于；导致；促成；向……捐款/投稿
make a contribution/contributions to ... 为……做贡献
1.He contributed an article about environmental conservation ________ the scientific journal of school.
2．我也想为社会做贡献，对人们的生活产生有意义的影响。(写作佳句)
I also want to ___________________________ and make a meaningful impact on people's lives.
3．我喜欢书法的原因是，在练习书法时，我能感受到它给我内心带来的平静，这也促使我一直致力于练习书法。
The reason why I like it is that when practicing calligraphy, I'll feel the peace it brings to my mind, _________________________________________.
to
make contributions to society
which contributes to my being committed to it
考点4 attempt n．& vt. 企图；试图；尝试
make an attempt to do/at doing sth 试图做某事
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
in an attempt to do sth 为了做某事；努力做某事
attempt to do sth 努力做某事；企图做某事
1.The climbers made a bold attempt ________ (reach) the summit of the mountain despite the bad weather.
2．Eloise shook her head, ____________ (attempt) to get rid of the lonely feeling that was beginning to form.
3．为了提高人们对文化遗产保护重要性的认识，我们学校正在组织一个为期一周的节日，庆祝我们地区的历史和传统。
___________________________________ about the importance of cultural heritage conservation, our school is organizing a week long festival celebrating our region's history and traditions.
to reach
attempting
In an attempt to raise people's awareness
4．经过几次尝试，他们终于成功了。
____________________________________________________________________
5．她试图为自己的粗鲁行为道歉，但他还是很生气。(写作佳句)
____________________________________________________________________
After several attempts, they finally made it.
She made an attempt to apologize for her rude behavior, but he was still upset.
【译林版选择性必修第三册写作佳句】
The more we acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites, the more likely we are to treat them with respect.
我们越明白遗产地突出的普遍价值，就越可能会尊重它们。
1.It is worthwhile __________________ (make) an effort to promote the public awareness of environmental protection.
2．His efforts are worthy ________ praise for his dedication to the community.
3．更重要的是，这个节日给我带来了值得永远珍惜的美好回忆和友谊。(写作佳句)
More importantly, _____________________________________________________ __________________
4．这本书值得所有热爱文学的人去阅读。
This book ________________________________________________．
＝This book ______________________________________________．
making/to make
of
the festival brought me lovely memories and friendships worth
cherishing forever
is worthy of being read by everyone who loves literature
is worthy to be read by everyone who loves literature
考点6 turn to 向……求助
ask/turn to sb for help 向某人求助
turn down 调小(音量等)；拒绝
turn up 调大(音量等)；出现
turn in 上交
turn out 结果是；原来是
turn ... into ... 把……变成……
turn over 翻转；翻身；认真思考
1.When I faced a difficult problem at work, I asked my mentor ________ help to find a solution.
2．The book turned a true story ________ a gripping novel that kept readers on the edge of their seats.
3．Surprisingly, ________________________________ (我的一个老朋友出现了) at the party last night.
4．她躺在床上无法入睡，一直在思考即将进行的演讲。
She lay in bed, unable to sleep, ______________________________________．
5．得知您对中国文化感兴趣，我想就演讲比赛的话题向您寻求一些建议。
Learning you are interested in Chinese culture, ______________________________ _____________________________________．
for
into
an old friend of mine turned up
turning over the upcoming presentation
I have to turn to you for some advice
on the topics of the speech competition
考点7 There comes a time when ... ……的时代到来了。
与time 有关的常用句式：
It/This/That＋was＋the first/second/ ... time (that)＋过去完成时
这/那是第一/二/……次……
It/This/That＋is＋the first/second/ ... time (that)＋现在完成时
这/那是第一/二/……次……
There was a time when ... 曾有一个……的时期。
the last/first time＋从句
上次/第一次……
It’s high time that ... did/should do sth 该是做……的时候了。
1.This was the second time that she ________ (win) the national championship in swimming.
2．It's high time that we ______________________ (address) the issue of climate change more seriously.
3．这是我第一次参观这座美丽的城市。
It is the first time that ______________________________.
4．我们都有需要放下过去、向前看的时候。
____________________________________________________________________
had won
addressed/should address
I have visited this beautiful city
There comes a time when we all need to let go of the past and move forward.
考点8 not only ... but (also) ... 不但……而且……
not only ... but also ... 不但……而且……，连接两个平行结构，当连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词要根据but also后的名词决定单复数(就近原则)。
not only位于句首时，not only后面的句子要用部分倒装，but also 后面的句子不倒装。
1.Not only the teacher but also the students ________ (be) excited about the upcoming field trip.
2．This activity holds great significance as ___________________________________ (它不仅能促进文化理解) but also it allows me to share my own culture and learn from others.
3．海洋不仅为我们提供了丰富的资源，还在维持生态系统平衡方面发挥作用。
____________________________________________________， but they also play a role in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem.
＝__________________________________________________， but they also play a role in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem. (倒装)
are
not only does it foster cultural understanding
The oceans not only provide us with abundant resources
Not only do the oceans provide us with abundant resources
【译林版选择性必修第三册写作佳句】
If your heart breaks like mine at the thought of our irreplaceable heritage being lost forever, please take action.
如果你的心像我一样，一想到我们不可替代的遗产将永远消失就感到心碎，请采取行动。
强化训练
一、单句语法填空
1．(2023·全国甲卷)Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted ________ (delist) grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.
2．Lisa watched until the train _____________ (disappear) from view.
3．Though the path leading ________ the farm was narrow, we were delighted to find our way home.
4．Doing small things well contributes to ___________ (build) up our confidence and helping us meet big challenges in the future.
to delist
disappeared
to
building
5．The frozen food industry could be supplied entirely by growers and __________ (process) outside the country.
6．There is no limit ________ the creativity and imagination of children.
7．She carefully crafted her online ________ (identify) to reflect her professional achievements and personal interests.
8．During the festival, people from all walks of life took part ________ the parade, celebrating the rich cultural heritage.
9．The artist expressed his emotions ___________ (creative) through his paintings, capturing the essence of the landscape.
10．She always strives to maintain a ________ (balance) lifestyle, combining work, exercise, and leisure activities.
processors
to
identity
in
creatively
balanced
二、熟词生义
1．The storm gave way to bright sunshine.____________
2．She worked hard and was soon promoted. ____________
3．Before making any further purchases, I checked my bank account balance to ensure I had enough funds. ____________
4．Her creative ideas and hard work contributed greatly to the success of the project.____________
5．The newspaper issued a special edition to commemorate the anniversary of the country's founding. ____________
被……代替
晋升
余额
促成
出版
词缀 含义 例词
pro ________ ___________, protest, proceed, process, progress, propose, protect, product, proclaim, profess, proficient, profile, prolong
三、构词法
向前
promote
写出下列黑体词的含义
1．We need to promote an open exchange of ideas and information. ____________
2．After careful consideration, the committee proceeded with the plan to renovate the historical building. ____________
3．The process of cultural integration requires time and patience from all parties involved. ____________
促进
继续
过程
4．The mayor proposed a new initiative to improve public transportation in the city. ____________
5．The king proclaimed a new law to protect the environment from further degradation. ____________
6．The illness has unfortunately prolonged his recovery time, requiring additional rest and treatment. ____________
提出
宣布
延长
四、补全句子
1．在几次徒劳的尝试之后，我绝望地等待着。(attempt n．)
________________________________， I waited hopelessly.
2．为了保持最佳健康状态，锻炼和休息之间保持平衡很重要。(balance n．)
________________________________________________ for optimal health.
3．无论这个男孩何时遇到与学习有关的难题，他都会求助于互联网。(turn to)
No matter when the boy meets with difficult problems related to study, ________________________．
After making several vain attempts
It's important to keep a balance between exercise and rest
he will turn to the Internet
4．这幅画因其历史价值值得在博物馆展出。(worthy)
_____________________________________________________________ for its historical value.
5．这次活动不仅为学生们提供了一个展示他们才华的平台，而且还激发了他们对中国文化的热情。(倒装)
__________________________________________________________________， but also fuels their passion for Chinese culture.
6．有时候，笑声是我们心灵最好的良药。(There come a time when ... )
______________________________________________ for our souls.
The painting is worthy of being displayed/to be displayed in a museum
Not only does the activity provide students with a platform to showcase their talent
There come a time when laughter is the best medicine
五、长难句分析
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
句意：达鲁和他的团队使用了一个包含19亿条植物、昆虫、鸟类和动物记录的全球数据集，测试这些数据在多大程度上代表了实际的全球生物多样性模式。
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。Using a global dataset ...为现在分词短语作________，how引导________从句，作tested的________。
方式状语
宾语
宾语
读写用—素养提升
一、深化阅读——明晰考向 以阅读养阅读
(2025·八省联考)Want to learn a new language or get A's in college exams Previous studies have shown that exercise can help stimulate the areas of the brain that convert (转换) new information into long－term memory. A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning.
Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function, scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning.
Participants—72 healthy male and female adults—were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning. After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries, but two－thirds of them also exercised. Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test. The other half did the same exercise but not until four hours after they had been tested.
Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test, and they were connected to MRI (磁共振成像) machines to assess their brain activity. The participants who exercised four hours after taking the computer test were able to recall what they had learned most accurately. Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned.
According to this research, the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying. But why That's one question the researchers have yet to answer. Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning. I've run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout. But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究发现，在学习四小时后进行锻炼有助于最大化学习效果，但研究尚未解答锻炼为何能在此时产生最佳效果以及哪种强度的锻炼最能改善学习效果。
32．What did the new study aim to explore
A．When exercise is best for learning.
B．What biochemicals are good for health.
C．How brainwaves should be measured.
D．Which area of the brain is the most active.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A new study has taken ... when exercise can help maximize learning.(一项新的研究在此基础上更进一步，发现了锻炼有助于最大化学习效果的最佳时间。)”和第二段内容可知，新研究旨在探索什么时候锻炼最有利于学习。故选A。
33．What were all the participants asked to do during the experiment
A．Train on bicycles.
B．Do mathematics exercises.
C．Play computer games.
D．Watch films about nature.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries”可知，实验要求所有受试者在实验过程中观看自然纪录片，即看一部有关自然的电影。故选D。
34．Why did the participants return to the lab two days later
A．To do a medical examination.
B．To have their memory tested.
C．To get their workouts recorded.
D．To finish their previous tasks.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test”可知，参与者两天后返回实验室是为了测试他们的记忆。故选B。
35．What might the author's marathon running prove
A．The findings of the study are reliable.
B．Long－distance runners are often smart.
C．Studies on the marathon are not enough.
D．Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I've run enough marathons ... after a tough workout.”可推知，作者通过自己跑马拉松的经历证明，剧烈的锻炼可能不会使大脑变得敏锐。故选D。
推断细节题——“揣摩推敲”法
1．根据题干中的关键信息，确定答题方向。
2．扫描4个选项，排除对原文信息简单重复的选项。
3．留意文中的情态动词或虚拟语气，往往据此可推测出作者的言外之意。
4．对文章信息进行合乎逻辑的推测，不要主观臆断。
二、读后续写——必备微技能
高品素材 情绪描写——惊讶
感到惊讶 be surprised/amazed/shocked/astonished/stunned (to the spot)
令人惊讶的是 to one's surprise/shock/astonishment; It came as a shock that ...
被惊得哑口无言 be struck dumb with amazement
使某人大吃一惊 knock sb sideways
难以置信 can't believe one's eyes
表情惊讶 wear/with a jaw dropping/surprised look
瞠目 one's eyes widened/sb widened one's eyes/with one's eyes wide open/wide eyed
捂嘴/张嘴 cover one's mouth/widen one's mouth/open mouthed
结舌 be/get tongue tied (with great surprise)
惊掉下巴 one's jaw dropped to the floor
眼里惊讶 (with) one's eyes sparkling/shining/twinkling/flickering with surprise
惊讶地站在某地不讲话 so shocked that sb remained standing sp, unable to speak
惊讶地倒吸一口气 gasp in astonishment (at sth)
颤抖、惊讶地说 say/speak in a trembling, surprised voice/tone
惊讶地看 give/cast/throw sb a/an astonishing/surprising/shocking/jaw dropping look/gaze/ glimpse/glance
晴天霹雳 like a bolt from the blue sky
目瞪口呆，说不出话 so astonished that sb stood sp with one's mouth widened, unable to utter a single word
惊讶爬上脸 a spark/flicker of surprise flashed across/spread over/crept upon one's face
高效课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读
A
(2025·河南省许平汝名校高三期中)
Online Lecture: In Search of Incan Remains—
Walking Today's Cusco City
Join us on Tuesday at 11：00 am Aug. 20 for a one hour lecture and Question and Answer (Q&A) to learn about Cusco's Incan heritage (遗产)．
At a Glance
In the Spanish Conquest of the Incan Empire (帝国), the city of Cusco was destroyed. Is there anything left of these impressive buildings and their treasures Join historian Oscar Oviedo Velasco for a tour of this city, capital of the largest empire ever seen in the Americas. Explore the streets of Cusco in search of the remains of a city that long ago disappeared.
General Notes
The online lecture, which will take place live over the course of 1－2 hours, uses Zoom Webinar, an easy to use web video service. You will receive a confirmation email when you sign up, and a reminder email one week and one day before, as well as on the morning of the event with a link and instructions on how to tune in. You will not be pictured on screen during the lecture, but you will have the opportunity to ask the instructor live questions using the Q&A box. You will also have access to a recording of the whole lecture that you can watch any time within the two weeks following the live event.
Featured Expert: Oscar Oviedo Velasco
Oscar Oviedo Velasco has over 15 years of experience as a local expert and group leader. Oscar has participated in projects related to pre Inca civilizations and battlefields. Specializing in archeology (考古学), museology, history and art, Oscar is currently studying conservation and restoration of antiques at San Marcos University.
Price
The price of $25 includes a live one hour lecture, an interactive Q&A session, live technology support and a recording of the lecture.
Prefer to participate or inquire by phone 800－454－5768.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个关于库斯科印加遗产的在线讲座。
1．Where can the participants interact with the lecturer
A．On the phone.
B．In an art school.
C．In the Q&A box.
D．At the lecture site.
解析：细节理解题。根据General Notes部分中的“you will have the opportunity to ask the instructor live questions using the Q&A box”可知，参加者可以通过问答框和演讲者互动。故选C。
2．What can we learn about Oscar Oviedo Velasco
A．He has explored Cusco for long.
B．He works as an international guide.
C．He is restoring antiques in a museum.
D．He is responsible for live technology support.
解析：推理判断题。根据Featured Expert: Oscar Oviedo Velasco部分中的“Oscar Oviedo Velasco has over 15 years of experience as a local expert and group leader.”可推知，Oscar Oviedo Velasco (奥斯卡·奥维耶多·韦拉斯科)已经探索库斯科很长时间了。故选A。
3．What is accessible to the participants paying 25 dollars
A．The entire recording of the lecture.
B．Long term guidance from the expert.
C．Free use of the organizer's computers.
D．A group tour to San Marcos University.
解析：细节理解题。根据Price部分中的“The price of $25 ... a recording of the lecture.”可知，参加者支付25美元可以得到整个演讲的录音。故选A。
B
(2025·广西南宁市银海三雅学校高三质量检测)Chinese people love food made of flour. In the hands of skilled artisans, flour is made into lovely models of people or animals to be enjoyed and played with, which brings a unique kind of pleasure. This art form is called dough figurine (面塑). Among the various art styles of dough figurines, Beijing's Dough Figurine Lang is a unique folk art, which is filled with the rich history and customs of the capital city. In 2008, it was included in the list of national intangible cultural heritage.
It was created by Lang Shao'an. Most of the dough figurines are animals and characters from legends, historical stories, and local operas. The finished product is either put at the end of a thin stick or on a table for display. Some are mostly for children to eat or play with, with simple forms and vivid decorations, while some are fine pieces of artwork for display only. For this reason, during the making process they are often mixed with additives (添加剂) to better preserve the finished products.
Lang Jiaziyu, born in 1995, is the third generation inheritor (继承人) of Dough Figurine Lang. When he was 15, he created Beijing Olympic Mascot (吉祥物) shaped dough figurines which were highly praised. He looks a bit more fashionable than other folk artisans. In his skilled hands, pop culture icons (偶像) are popular with young people.
Like most of the other intangible cultural heritage handicrafts in China, Dough Figurine Lang does not get as much attention from the public. Few young people are willing to take the time to master a skill that does not make money, which has led to a decline in the number of those who are devoted to the handicraft. Good handicrafts need the devotion of artisans from one generation to another.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国非物质文化遗产手工艺：面人郎，包括其起源以及形式。
4．What is special about Dough Figurine Lang
A．It reflects Beijing's culture.
B．It is created by many famous artists.
C．It shows people's lifestyles and beliefs.
D．It is popular with both tourists and the locals.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Among the various art styles ... of the capital city.”可知，面人郎展现了北京的文化。故选A。
5．Why do artisans add additives to dough figurines
A．To make dough figurines taste good.
B．To keep colors brighter and lasting longer.
C．To help shape dough into various forms.
D．To better preserve the finished products.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For this reason ... preserve the finished products.”可知，在面塑中混合添加剂是为了更好地保存成品。故选D。
6．What is the third paragraph mainly about
A．Suggestions for other folk artisans.
B．Different art styles of dough figurines.
C．Lang Jiaziyu's accomplishments as an artisan.
D．The popularity of modern dough figurines.
解析：段落大意题。根据第三段(郎佳子彧，1995年出生，是面人郎的第三代传承人。15岁时，他制作了北京奥运会吉祥物面塑人偶，受到好评。他看起来比其他民间手艺人要时髦一些。在他熟练的手中，流行文化偶像受到年轻人的欢迎。)可知，第三段主要介绍了郎佳子彧作为手艺人的成就。故选C。
7．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To call on people to master a skill.
B．To appeal to people to value this folk art.
C．To teach people ways to appreciate the handicraft.
D．To persuade people to protect national cultural heritage.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文并结合最后一段中的“Few young people ... from one generation to another.”可推知，作者想要呼吁人们能更加重视这一民间艺术。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·福建省宁德市蕉城区宁德第一中学高三一模)In Chinese traditional architecture, a skywell is an open courtyard or well like space usually located at the heart of a building or group of buildings.__1__ Their designs often feature the classic Chinese dou gong overhangs to provide shade and collect water into a central basin.
Chinese skywells are so effective in cooling homes because they can control natural airing. Cool air is drawn into the building from the lower levels, and warm air escapes and rises through the upper levels. __2__
The skywell's layout and construction materials also help in thermal (热量的) regulation. During the day, the courtyard absorbs heat from the sun, acting as a thermal mass.__3__This day night cycle helps maintain a balanced and consistent temperature indoors.
Most traditional skywells include water features, such as fountains or ponds. A recent study has shown that the most significant part of a skywell's cooling effect comes from these water bodies.__4__ As water evaporates (蒸发) from these features, it absorbs heat from the surrounding air. This reduces the temperature within the courtyard and surrounding rooms.
__5__ One fitting example is the National Heavy Vehicle Engineering Technology Research Centre in Jinan, an 18 story building that has a giant open space at its heart from the fifth floor to the top floor. The toilets, elevators, and meeting rooms surround this space. This enhances natural airing and natural energy consumption, according to the Shanghai based CCDI Group.
A．This promotes fresh air flow，especially during hot summer days.
B．It is often a square surrounded by the building's rooms and wings.
C．This cooling was disadvantageous in regions with hot and dry climates.
D．It's probably why temperatures around them are 2.6 ℃ to 4.2 ℃ lower.
E．These wonders continue to inspire architects to seek sustainable solutions.
F．The magic of skywells stands as witnesses to the wisdom of ancient builders.
G．The stored heat is gradually released as the outdoor temperature drops at night.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了天井见证了古代建筑者的智慧。
1．答案：B
2．答案：A
解析：上文“In Chinese traditional architecture ... group of buildings.(在中国传统建筑中，天井是一个开放的庭院或井状空间，通常位于建筑物或建筑群的中心。)”介绍天井的位置。B项(它通常是一个被建筑物的房间和侧翼包围的正方形。)承接上文，其中It代指上文中的a skywell。故选B。
解析：上文“Cool air is drawn ... the upper levels.(冷空气从较低的楼层被吸入建筑，暖空气从较高的楼层排出并上升。)”讲述了天井是如何让房间凉快下来的。A项(这促进了新鲜空气的流动，尤其是在炎热的夏天。)承接上文。故选A。
3．答案：G
解析：根据上文“During the day, the courtyard absorbs heat from the sun, acting as a thermal mass.(白天，庭院吸收太阳的热量，充当热质。)”和下文“This day night cycle helps maintain a balanced and consistent temperature indoors.(这种昼夜循环有助于保持室内平衡一致的温度。)”可知，设空处应讲述热量在夜间的状况。G项(夜间室外温度下降，储存的热量逐渐释放。)符合语境。故选G。
4．答案：D
解析：上文“A recent study ... these water bodies.(最近的一项研究表明，天井冷却效果的最重要部分来自这些水体。)”介绍了建筑物温度降低的原因。D项(这可能是它们周围的温度比其他地方低2.6 ℃到4.2 ℃的原因。)承接上文。故选D。
5．答案：E
解析：下文“One fitting example ... to the top floor. (一个恰当的例子是位于济南的国家重型车辆工程技术研究中心，这是一座18层的建筑，从五楼到顶楼，中心都有一个巨大的开放空间。)”讲述了古代建筑物的智慧在现代的体现。E项(这些奇迹不断激励着建筑师寻求可持续的解决方案。)引出下文，对本段有总括作用。故选E。
