高考科学复习解决方案 英语
一 背记单词
◎农业
1．hybrid n. 杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车
2．yield n. 产量 vt. 出产；产生
3．pollinate vt. 授粉；传粉
4．output n. 产量 n．& vt. 输出
5．strain n. (动、植物的)系；品种
6．soil n. 泥土；国土
7．sorghum n. 高粱；高粱米
8．broom n. 扫把；扫帚；金雀花
9．grain n. 谷物
10．wheat n. 小麦；小麦籽
11．flavor n. 味道；特点；特色
12．fertiliser n. 肥料
13．organic adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的
14．pesticide n. 杀虫剂；除害药物
15．bacterium n. 细菌
16．mineral n. 矿物；矿物质
17．root n. 根；根茎；根部
◎社会经济
18．tackle vt. 解决；应付；处理
19．crisis n. 危机；危急关头
20．boost vt. 使增长 n. 增长；提高
21．overcome vt. 克服
22．domestic adj. 本国的；家用的
23．reality n. 现实；实际情况；事实
24．poverty n. 贫穷
◎行为
25．attain vt. 获得
26．estimate vt.& n. 估计；估算
27．generate vt. 产生
28．envision vt. 展望；想象
29．bomb vt. 轰炸；对……投炸弹
30．alleviate vt. 减轻；缓解
◎描述词
31．characteristic adj. 典型的；独特的
32．conventional adj. 传统的
33．urban adj. 城市的；都市的；城镇的
34．widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
◎其他
35．comprise vt. 包括；由……组成
36．celebrity n. 名望；名誉；名人；名流
37．vision n. 想象；视力；视野；影像
38．tunnel n. 地下通道；地道；隧道
39．grocery n. 食品杂货店；食品杂货
40．instance n. 例子；实例；事例
41．batch n. 一批；一组
42．aspect n. 方面
二 词形变化
1．devote vt. 把……献(给)→devoted adj. 忠实的→devotion n. 奉献
2．short adj. 短的→shorten v. 变短→shortage n. 不足
3．convince vt. 使相信→convincing adj. 有说服力的→convinced adj. 确信的
4．assume v. 假定；承担(责任)→assumption n. 假定→assuming conj. 假定
5．intense adj. 十分强烈的→intensely adv. 强烈地→intensity n. 强烈；强度
6．expand vt.& vi. 扩大→expansion n. 扩大
7．consume vt. 消耗→consumption n. 消耗→consumer n. 消费者
8．leisure n. 闲暇→leisurely adj. 慢悠悠的
9．salt n. 盐→salty adj. 含盐的；咸的
10．extend vt. 伸开→extension n. 扩建部分；扩大
11．chemical adj. 与化学有关的→chemistry n. 化学→chemically adv. 化学上地→chemist n. 化学家
12．nutrition n. 营养→nutritional adj. 营养(物)的→nutritious adj. 有营养的
13．digest vt.& vi. 消化→digestive adj. 消化的→digestion n. 消化
14．essence n. 本质→essential adj. 完全必要的→essentially adv. 本质上
15．alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的→alternatively adv. 要不；或者
16．deep adj. 深的→deepen vt. 加深→deeply adv. 深深地→depth n. 向下的距离；深(度)
17．entire adj. 全部的→entirely adv. 全部地
1．He is so devoted to his English teaching that everyone admired him for his devotion to the education cause. (devote)
2．On the assumption that I am chosen as the chairman, I will definitely assume relevant responsibility.(assume)
3．If you study chemistry,__you will witness thrilling chemical reactions in experiments.(chemical)
4．We will discuss the problem in depth to deepen our understanding so that we can understand it deeply．(deep)
5．More and more countries in the world are short of water, because global water shortages are becoming increasingly serious. (short)
6．The increasing consumption of goods by eager consumers has led to a significant rise in resource consumption. (consume)
三 熟词生义
1.overcome [熟义] v. 战胜；克服
[生义] v. 受到……的极大影响(常用被动语态)
2．vision [熟义] n. 视力；视觉；视野
[生义] n. 想象；愿景；影像
3．extension [熟义] n. 扩大；延伸；延长
[生义] n. 扩建部分；电话分机
4．digest [熟义] v. 消化
[生义] v. 理解；领会；领悟
5．aspect [熟义] n. 方面
[生义] n. 外观；样子
1．Our school takes on an entirely new aspect.
我们的学校呈现出全新的面貌。
2．Yuan Longping's latest vision for “seawater rice” has become a reality.
袁隆平新近的“海水稻”愿景已经成为现实。
3．The city is building an extension to the subway line.
这座城市正在扩建地铁线路。
4．The dead woman had been overcome by smoke.
这个女人是被烟呛死的。
5．He paused, waiting for her to digest the information.
他停了一会儿，等她领会这一信息。
小积累word families
1.含 th词尾的名词 ①depth 深度 ②width 宽度 ③length 长度 ④truth 真理 ⑤growth 成长 ⑥warmth 温暖 2.程度副词 ①entirely 全部地；完全地 ②extremely 极度地 ③completely 完全地；彻底地 ④thoroughly 完全地；彻底地 ⑤desperately 极度地 ⑥altogether 完全；总之 3.“由……组成”短语 ①be__comprised__of ②consist of ③be__made__up__of ④be composed of
一 词表短语
1．devote__...__to 把……用于；献身；致力；专心
2．be__comprised__of 包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)
3．deep__down 在内心深处；本质上；实际上
4．in__turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流
5．for__instance 例如；比如
选用上面的短语填空
1．The students presented their projects one by one, and the teacher provided feedback in__turn,__encouraging each of them.
2．For__instance,__eating a balanced diet and exercising regularly can significantly improve one's overall health.
3．The project team is__comprised__of experts from various fields, ensuring a diverse range of perspectives and skills.
4．Deep__down,__he knew that the decision was the right one, despite the doubts that lingered in his mind.
二 写作词块
1．boost__one's__happiness 提升某人的幸福感
2．It__is__estimated__that__... 据估计……
3．widespread__damage 广泛损害
4．make__large__donations__to__support__agricultural__research 大量捐款支持农业研究
5．tackle__crisis 解决危机
6．intense__effort 巨大的努力
7．the__depth__of__feeling 情感的深度
8．(be)__rich__in__nutrition 富含营养
9．switch__to__organic__farming 转向有机农业
10．care__little__for__celebrity__or__money 不关心名望或金钱
11．retire__to__a__life__of__leisure 退休过悠闲的生活
12．an__alternative__method__of__doing__sth 做某事的其他方法
1．(教材P50)然而，他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。(what 引导主语从句)
However,__what__concerned__him__most__was__that__farmers__often__had__poor__harvests__and__sometimes__even__had__a__serious__shortage__of__food__to__eat.
2．(教材P51)考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。(given that ... “鉴于，考虑到” 引导原因状语从句)
Given__that__Yuan's__hybrids__made__him__quite__wealthy,__one__might__think__he__would__have__retired__to__a__life__of__leisure.
3．(教材P56)种植不同作物的原因，是为了把重要的矿物质重新放回土壤之中，让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)做好准备。(v. ing作结果状语)
Why__different__crops__are__grown__is__that__they__put__important__minerals__back__into__the__ground,__making__it__ready__for__the__next__batch__of__crops.
自主检测
一、重点单词
1．devote vt. 把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devoted adj. 忠实的；投入的→devotion n. 奉献；忠诚；挚爱
2．assume v. 假定；设想→assumption n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得→assuming conj. 假定；假设
3．consume vt. 消耗；消费；吃；喝→consumption n. 消耗；消耗量；消费→consumer n. 消费者；用户；客户
4．short adj. 短的；矮的；缺乏的；简略的→shorten v. (使)变短；缩短→shortage n. 不足；缺少；短缺
5．extend vt. 伸开；展开；延伸→extension n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机
6．nutrition n. 营养；滋养→nutritional adj. 营养(物)的→nutritious adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的
7．convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服→convincing adj. 有说服力的；使人信服的→convinced adj. 确信的；坚信的
8．deep adj. 深的→deepen vt. 加深；(使)变深→deeply adv. 深深地；强烈地→depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)
拔高词汇— 高分必备
1.dimension/daI'men ( )n/n. 方面，侧面；规模，程度 2．perceive/p 'si v/v. 感知；意识到 3．sparkling/'spɑ klI /adj. 闪烁的；闪闪发光的 4．nonsense/'n ns( )ns/n. 胡说；荒谬的想法 5.comprehension/ k mprI'hen ( )n/n. 理解力；领悟力 6．skylight/'skaIlaIt/n. 天窗 7．stairway/'ste weI/n. 阶梯；楼梯 8．split/splIt/v. (使)分裂，(使)产生分歧
二、重点语块
China's agricultural development has come a long way, with intense__effort (巨大的努力) put into shifting towards sustainable practices and focusing on innovative approaches to food production. The country is__devoted__to (致力于) enhancing sustainable farming practices, which include a significant reduction in the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This shift is aimed at tackling__crisis (解决危机) when it comes to environmental protection. For__instance (例如), China has seen a rise in organic farming, which is__comprised__of (由……组成) various eco friendly methods that promote biodiversity. Deep__down (实际上), this transformation reflects a commitment to healthier agricultural practices, and in__turn (相应地), it has led to a growing market for organic produce both within the country and abroad.
三、重点句式
1．鉴于中国需要养活庞大的人口，农业创新对于确保粮食安全至关重要。(given that引导原因状语从句)
Given__that__China__has__a__large__population__to__feed,__agricultural innovation is crucial for ensuring food security.
2．人生中真正重要的不是目的地，而是旅途。(what引导主语从句)
What__really__matters__in__life is not the destination, but the journey.
四、写作佳句
1．【教材P50】确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
Indeed,__his__slim__but__strong__body__was__just__like__that__of__millions__of__Chinese__farmers,__to__whom__he__had__devoted__his__life.
2．【教材P51】身为土地之子，他不在乎名利。
As__a__man__of__the__soil,__he__cared__little__for__celebrity__or__money.
3．【教材P55】然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用它们有时会损害土地和人们的健康。
Over__time,__however,__what__some__scientists__have__found__is__that__their__long－term__use__can__sometimes__harm__both__the__land__and__people's__health.
4．【教材P56】因此，想要找到一个合适的解决方案，使人类和环境尽可能保持健康，又让人们有足够的食物可吃，这还有很长的路要走。
Therefore,__there__is__still__a__long__way__to__find__a__suitable__solution__that__puts__sufficient__food__on__the__dinner__table__while__keeping__people__and__the__environment__as__healthy__as__possible.
硬核考点
考点1 devote vt. 把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于 devote one's time/energy/life to (doing) sth 把某人的时间/精力/生命奉献于(做)某事 devote oneself to (doing) sth 献身于(做)某事；致力于(做)某事 be devoted to (doing) sth 专心于(做)某事；奉献于(做)某事
1.Not until then did I realize how Dad had been acting as a devoted (devote) protector and a provider though he was never much of a talker.
2．总之，现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。(写作佳句)
All in all, it is high time that we__devoted__ourselves__to__protecting__the__ocean．
3．毕业之后，屠呦呦将毕生精力投入到寻找治疗疟疾的研究中。
After graduation, Tu Youyou devoted__all__her__life__to__the__research in finding a cure for malaria.
考点2 convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服 convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事 convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事 convince sb that ... 使某人相信…… be convinced of sth/that ... 确信某事/……
【联想发散】 “我相信、我敢说”的多样性表达：
I hold a firm belief/perspective that ...
I am fully/firmly convinced that ...
I bet that ...
It is my firm belief that ...
1．His passionate speech convinced everyone of the importance of environmental conservation.
2．Dad convinced the school bus driver to__pick (pick) me up at my house instead of the usual bus stop that was six blocks away.
3．I am convinced (convince) of the importance of education in shaping one's future.
4．我完全相信你对中国书法会有更深刻的见解，这一定会使你感兴趣。(写作佳句)
I'm__fully__convinced__that__you'll__have__a__more__profound__comprehension__of__the__Chinese__calligraphy,__which will surely interest you. (convince; comprehension)
＝I__hold__a__firm__belief__that__you'll__gain__a__deeper__insight__into__the__Chinese__calligraphy,__which will surely interest you. (belief; insight)
考点3 assumption n. 假定，假设；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得 on the assumption that ... 假定…… make an assumption 作出假设 assume sb/sth (to be)＋adj./n. 假定/认为某人/某物(为)…… It is generally assumed that ... 人们普遍认为…… assuming (that) ... 假设……
1.(2024· 浙江高考1月)It would have been easy to rely on my assumptions (assume) about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home.
2．Assuming (assume) that I am elected chairman, I will organize more colorful after class activities to enrich our school life.
3．His views are grounded on the assumption that all people are equal.
4．People assume that taking exercise can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory.(写作佳句)
→It__is__assumed__that taking exercise can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory. (it 作形式主语)
考点4 overcome vt. 克服；解决；战胜；受到……的极大影响 overcome the difficulties 克服困难 overcome the fear 克服恐惧 overcome the enemy 战胜敌人 be overcome/driven by ... 受到……的极大影响/被……驱动，受……驱使
1.As time went by, they were__overcome (overcome) by his tough spirit.
2．克服恐惧的唯一方法是勇敢地面对它。(写作佳句)
The__only__way__to__overcome__the__fear is to face it bravely.
3．受到好奇心的驱使，小男孩向窗外望去。(写作佳句)
Overcome__by__curiosity,__the boy looked out of the window. (overcome)
＝Driven__by__curiosity,__the boy looked out of the window. (drive)
【北师版选择性必修第一册写作佳句】
To sum up, despite producing cheap food, factory farming is bad for the planet and for the animals themselves.
总而言之，尽管可以生产廉价的食物，但工厂化养殖对地球和动物本身都有害。
考点5 expand vt.& vi. 扩大；增加 vt. 扩展；发展(业务) expand into 发展成；扩展到 expand on/upon 详细阐述 expand one's knowledge (circle)/horizons 拓展知识/开阔视野
【联想发散】 “拓展知识面”的多样性表达：
expand one's knowledge circle
expand one's academic horizons
enrich one's knowledge
broaden one's horizons
enlarge one's range of knowledge
1．Originally built by Emperor Qin Shi Huang, expanded (expand) and strengthened in the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall became the world's largest military structure.
2．Over the past decade, the tech industry has expanded into many previously unimaginable areas.
3．We hope that through this section, students from different cultures can connect and share their perspectives on various literary works, and expand__their__academic__horizons (拓展他们的学术视野)．
4．作者用了几段话来详述主人公的背景和动机。
The author took a few paragraphs to__expand__on/upon__the__main__character's__background__and__motivations.
考点6 alternative n. 可供选择的事物；替代物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的 have no alternative/choice but to do sth 别无选择只能做某事 an alternative to ... ……的替代品 an alternative lifestyle 非传统的生活方式 alternative energy 可替代能源(指太阳能、风能、水能等)
1.You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly; those are two alternatives (alternative)．
2．There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
3．有时，为了成功，我们别无选择，只能勇敢地面对失败并从中吸取教训。
Sometimes, in order to succeed, we__have__no__alternative/choice__but__to__face__failure__bravely and learn from it.
考点7 in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流 turn其他相关搭配： in one's turn 轮到某人 by turns 轮流；交替地 take turns to do sth 轮流做某事 It is one's turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事 It turns/turned out that ... 结果是……
1.Fortunately, my friends did me a favour and we can be the leader by turns.
2．Some student representatives took turns to__deliver (deliver) speeches at the coming of age ceremony.
3．结果爆米花很快售光，孩子们的努力获得了回报。
It__turned__out__that__the__children's__efforts__paid__off when the popcorn was sold out quickly.
考点8 given that ... 引导原因状语从句 given (that) 在句中作连词，表示“鉴于；考虑到”，相当于considering。 其他可用作连词的相关表达：assuming (that) 假设；假定；supposing (that) 假如；如果。
1.Supposing (suppose) the weather is good tomorrow, we can go hiking in the mountains.
2．鉴于您对中国的传统节日端午节非常感兴趣，我写信向您介绍这一节日。(写作佳句)
Given__that__you__are__keen__on__the__traditional__Chinese__festival Dragon Boat Festival, I am writing to introduce it to you.(given that)
＝Considering__your__keen__interest__in__the__traditional__Chinese__festival Dragon Boat Festival, I am writing to introduce it to you.(considering)
3．既然在下雨，我们也许应该待在屋里看电影。
Given__that__it's__raining,__we__should__probably__stay__inside__and__watch__a__movie.
【译林版必修第三册写作佳句】
Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.
在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，约17%的雨林已经消失了。
强化训练
一、单句语法填空
1．For years, a farmer called John has been devoted to tackling (tackle) the problem of hunger.
2．In order to reduce pollution, we human beings have no alternative but to__choose (choose) some clean resources.
3．In reality, what shocks us is that large amounts of food have been wasted in restaurants and canteens.
4．We are working on the assumption (assume) that everyone has the ability to tackle difficult problems.
5．Her business initially focused on local customers, but she soon expanded into the international market.
6．Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths (deep), you discover that they are.
7．That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects (aspect) of your personality that shine through.
8．From now on, you're going to have to stay away from salty (salt) food.
9．The global water shortage (short) is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to the ever increasing population.
10．He tried to convince her to__stay (stay) and finish her degree, but she was determined to leave and pursue her dreams.
二、熟词生义
1．It took me a long time to digest the theory put forward at the meeting.理解
2．Her vision for the future includes a world where everyone has access to quality education.愿景
3．We are thinking of having an extension built, as we now require an extra bedroom.扩建
4．Her parents were overcome with great sadness at the funeral.受到……的极大影响
5．The aspect of the garden at night, with all the lights on, is truly magical.外观
三、构词法
词缀 含义 例词
ex 表示出去；向外；之前的；除去 expand,__exclude, expensive, expel, expose, exalt, extract, exceed, export, exhale
写出下列黑体词的含义
1．A child's vocabulary expands through reading.扩大
2．Language teachers often extract examples from grammar books.摘录
3．Workers at the nuclear plant were exposed to high doses of radiation.暴露
4．They threatened to expel him from his adoptive country.驱逐
5．It is dangerous to exceed the recommended dose.超出
6．As the lungs exhale this waste, gas is expelled into the atmosphere.呼出
四、补全句子
1．鉴于这种情况经常发生，在过去的一个月里发起了一场运动，防止学生浪费食物。(given that引导原因状语从句)
Given__that__it__often__happened,__a campaign was launched in the past month to keep students from wasting food.
2．我们决定轮流照顾宠物，这样我们每个人都能得到休息。(in turn)
We__decided__to__take__care__of__the__pets__in__turn,__so each of us can get a break.
3．既然我们已经承担了这项任务，不管有多么困难，除了按期完成它，我们别无选择。(alternative)
Since we have undertaken the task, we__have__no__alternative__but__to__complete__it__on__schedule,__however difficult it may be.
4．人们普遍认为，定期锻炼对保持健康有益。(assume)
It__is__generally__assumed__that regular exercise is beneficial for maintaining good health.
5．凭借决心和毅力，她成功克服了学业上的困难，并以优异的成绩毕业。 (overcome)
With determination and perseverance, she__managed__to__overcome__the__difficulties in her studies and graduated with honors.
6．他为什么选择离开这份工作，对每个人来说仍然是个谜。(主语从句)
Why__he__chose__to__leave__the__job remains a mystery to everyone.
五、长难句分析
(2023·全国乙卷)If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.
句意：如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不赋予人类一部分特权的历史，你不能只通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人有文本，而世界上大多数人在大多数时候都没有。
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。If引导条件状语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰a history；because引导原因状语从句；while意为“然而”，表示对比。
读写用—素养提升
一、深化阅读——明晰考向 以阅读养阅读
(2025·八省联考)
Join the Friends and find the
place that's right for you
Who are the Friends of the University Art Museum
Friends are our neighbors from the local communities and beyond. They are families, students, scholars, and alumni (校友). __36__. Friends are united by a shared love for the arts and for the university, and by a desire to be part of a cultural community. Friends are interested and active in the life of the Art Museum. Friends are art lovers—just like you.
__37__？
As a Friend, your membership provides essential annual support to help sustain the continued excellence and diversity of the Museum's educational programs. By joining the Friends, you help to guarantee that the Museum remains a welcoming place of shared enrichment for all visitors to experience, to enjoy, and to love.
What benefits do members of the Friends enjoy
__38__. When you become a Friend of the University Art Museum, you also become part of a great tradition. Not only will you be actively participating in the life of the Museum, but you also will receive special opportunities to share your love of art with other like－minded individuals. __39__， and they get invitations to exhibition openings, lectures, travel opportunities, and lively social gatherings.
How do I join the Friends
Becoming a Friend is easy. __40__， return it with your annual membership fee in the attached envelope, and begin enjoying your benefits immediately. If you prefer, you may join online at artmuseum.edu/support/become－a－member, or when you visit the Museum Store.
A．Why does membership matter
B．How can I learn about the Friends
C．Simply complete the membership form
D．You can then see the full range of Friends benefits
E．Friends membership is your entry to many opportunities
F．Friends receive a subscription to the Museum's quarterly magazine
G．Friends are people of all ages, interests, abilities, and cultural backgrounds
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大学艺术博物馆之友的成员构成、会员意义、福利待遇及加入方式并鼓励公众参与。
36．答案：G
解析：根据上文“Friends are our neighbors ... and alumni (校友)．”可知，上文介绍了大学艺术博物馆之友的身份，强调其成员身份的多样性。G项(Friends是各个年龄段、兴趣、能力和文化背景的人)承接上文，继续说明该群体的多样性，且句式与本段其他句式一致。故选G。
37．答案：A
解析：设空处为本段小标题。根据下文“As a Friend ... and to love.”可知，本段说明了会员身份的重要性。A项(为什么会员资格很重要)概括下文内容，适合作为本段小标题。本段的中心词为membership。故选A。
38．答案：E
解析：根据小标题“What benefits do members of the Friends enjoy (Friends会员享有什么福利？)”及下文关于会员的福利介绍可知，E项(Friends会员资格是你获得许多机会的入口)概述了会员资格带来的多种机会，为下文的具体福利做了铺垫，其中opportunities为同词复现。故选E。
39．答案：F
解析：根据设空处上下文可知，此处讲述的好处应与博物馆有关，F项(Friends可以订阅博物馆的季刊)具体提到了会员可享有的好处，其中Museum为同词复现。故选F。
40．答案：C
解析：根据小标题“How do I join the Friends (我如何加入Friends？)”及下文介绍可知，C项(只需填写会员表格)直接告诉读者如何加入Friends，下文的it指代the membership form。故选C。
设空在小标题
1．题型特点：设空本身是段落小标题。
2．正确选项特点：与其他小标题句式相同，一般简短精悍，以祈使句为主。
3．解题方法
①观察其他段落标题的表达形式，缩小范围；
②观察选项中与其他段落标题相同的表达形式；
③阅读段落内容，提炼中心词，留意体现主旨的同义复现。
二、读后续写——必备微技能
高品素材 情绪描写——句式(五)
1.主谓 ... ，with sb/sth＋doing/done/adj./介词短语 2.with sb/sth＋doing/done/adj./介词短语，主谓 ...
某人双手颤抖/冒汗/交叉/紧握/挥舞双手 with sb's hands＋非谓语动词(shaking/sweating/crossed/clenched/waving) ...
某人双腿打战/静止/一动不动 with sb's legs＋非谓语动词(trembling/frozen/rooted to the spot) ...
某人盯着……/上下打量……/怒气冲冲/眼里闪耀兴奋的光芒 with sb's eyes＋非谓语动词(fixed on .../staring at .../locked on .../looking ... up and down/burning with fire/twinkling with excitement) ...
某人害怕/惊讶地睁大了眼睛 with sb's eyes＋形容词(wide with horror/surprise) ...
某人眼里充满喜悦 with sb's eyes＋介词短语(full of pleasure/joy/delight) ...
某人的头耷拉着/低着/抬得高高的/头晕目眩 with sb's head＋非谓语动词(drooping/bent/bowed/lowered/held up hig/spinning) ...
某人的脸变得苍白/火辣辣的/容光焕发/勉强微笑/变得严肃 with sb's face＋非谓语动词 (turning pale/burning hot/lit up/forcing a smile/growing serious) ...
高效课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读
A
(2025·宁夏银川一中高三月考)Attention, please! UN FAO World Food Day Poster Contest entries are now being accepted. Try to picture a future where everyone has access to food and water. What comes to mind You may help construct a sustainable future by taking apt action. Create a poster showing your water action for food as part of the World Food Day Poster Contest to showcase your artistic talent.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is a specialized agency that leads international efforts to end hunger, promote nutrition, and ensure food security.
Procedure and Benefits
Fill out the form on our website, take a picture of or scan your submission, and submit it on line. The screening committee will choose 15 posters from each category for the first round (a total of 60 posters from 4 age categories), and those chosen will be notified in December.A certificate for this accomplishment will be given to the shortlisted individuals. Winners will be highlighted on the FAO social media channels and by regional FAO offices.
Our judges will choose three winners in each age group, and they will be revealed in December. The winners will also get a diploma and a surprise gift package, as well as promotion from FAO offices throughout the world.
Entry Requirements
Per individual, only one entry may be submitted.
Poster entries may be painted, sketched, or drawn using oil or watercolor paint as well as mixed media, pens, pencils, crayons, or charcoal. Artwork produced digitally is also acceptable. No photos are permitted.
Text may or may not be included in poster entries. Use of text is limited to no more than 25 words.
Never mention private information such as names, schools, ages, etc.
Please do not send in physical posters; only digital files saved as JPEGs will be allowed.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了联合国粮食及农业组织的世界粮食日海报竞赛的相关信息。
1．By taking part in the contest, participants can ________．
A．demonstrate their cooking skills
B．be more accessible to food and water
C．raise their nutritional awareness
D．contribute to food sustainability
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“You may help construct a sustainable future by taking apt action.”可知，通过参加比赛，参与者可以为食物的可持续性做出贡献。故选D。
2．What will happen to the final winners
A．Be promoted globally.
B．Be informed before December.
C．Be invited to regional FAO offices.
D．Be decided by FAO after three rounds.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据Procedure and Benefits部分第二段中的“The winners will also ... throughout the world.”可知，比赛的最终获胜者将在全球范围内得到推广。故选A。
3．Which of the following posters meets the entry requirements
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据Entry Requirements部分中的“Use of text is limited to no more than 25 words.”可知，A项不符合要求；根据Entry Requirements部分中的“Never mention private information such as names, schools, ages, etc.”可知，C项不符合要求；根据Entry Requirements部分中的“No photos are permitted.”可知，D项不符合要求。故选B。
B
(2025·宁夏吴忠中学高三月考)Every Tuesday, my children prepare themselves in a unique manner. They gather their gardening tools, put on old clothes that can get dirty, and sometimes even bring a small notebook and a pen. Then, I drive them to a community garden where they spend the whole day at a gardening club.
When I initially enrolled them in this program, I was excited about the concept but had some concerns as a parent. Would they enjoy getting their hands dirty all day Would they be able to focus for such a long time But when I asked them if they ever felt bored, they looked at me strangely. They clearly didn't understand my worry, which made me realize my concerns might be unfounded．
In this club, kids have the freedom to choose what they want to grow, whether it's colorful flowers or delicious vegetables. They aren't told that their choices are wrong but are encouraged to experiment. Something my children love about the gardening club is that they aren't rushed to finish one task and move on to the next. Instead, they can take their time and explore as much as their interest leads them.
“Don't they miss out on regular school activities？” worried parents have questioned me. Both of their teachers don't see it as an issue, and more importantly, my kids are acquiring new skills that a traditional classroom can't offer. They are learning to notice the small changes in plants and understand the growth cycle—a lesson that's hard to teach in a classroom. They are making friends with people of different ages. They work together, sharing their ideas and efforts to make the garden beautiful.
I'm grateful that the gardening club is influencing my children's connection with nature. They are learning how to care for plants, how to be patient, and gaining knowledge that will make them appreciate nature more in the future.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的孩子们参加园艺俱乐部的经历以及园艺俱乐部对孩子们的影响。
4．What do the children take when going to the gardening club
A．Gardening books. B．Old clothes.
C．Gardening hats. D．Watering cans.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They gather their gardening tools ... and a pen.”可知，孩子们去园艺俱乐部时会带浇水壶。故选D。
5．The underlined word “unfounded” in the passage probably means ________．
A．without a basis B．very serious
C．easy to understand D．difficult to solve
答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“But when I asked ... didn't understand my worry (但当我问他们是否感到无聊时，他们用奇怪的目光看着我。他们显然不理解我的担心)”可知，这让作者意识到自己的担心可能是没有根据的。由此可推知，画线单词unfounded意为“没有根据的”。故选A。
6．We can infer from the passage that ________．
A．the author was against the gardening club at first
B．the children have learned a lot from the gardening club
C．the gardening club is not popular among parents
D．the children don't like the gardening club
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“They are learning ... in the future.”可推知，孩子们从园艺俱乐部学到了很多东西。故选B。
7．What is the main idea of the passage
A．The benefits of the gardening club for children.
B．The activities in the gardening club.
C．The author's concerns about the gardening club.
D．How children make friends in the gardening club.
答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了儿童园艺俱乐部对孩子产生的积极影响以及它的好处。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·四川省成都实验外国语学校高三月考)Harvest is truly one of the highlights of the season. This is when all of our efforts and attention get translated into a tangible finished product. As a grower, nothing makes me prouder than harvesting a successful crop. __1__ To ensure quality is maintained all the way from field to fork, certain principles must be understood and followed through.
First of all, it is important to harvest each crop at the right stage of growth. Vegetables harvested before they are fully mature will be much less flavorful. __2__ For some crops, it is easy to tell when they are at their freshest, and many can be quite forgiving. But for other crops, harvesting at the appropriate moment will make an enormous difference. The timing of cantaloupe (甜瓜) picking, for example, will determine whether the fruit is sweet or disappointing, while it won't make a difference if you wait a few days to harvest the apples. __3__
To further complicate things, the right moment to harvest a given vegetable is not necessarily consistent with market demand. __4__ Vegetables such as broccoli (西兰花) and cucumbers, to name just a few, can be harvested at the peak of their quality and stored in the cold room for a few days before being sold.
__5__ Some vegetables must be cooled to slow their process of ripening. Otherwise, their freshness and nutritional value will suffer. This is why it is so important to harvest as early as possible in the morning, before the heat of the day sets in, and to cool the vegetables immediately with cold water and/or air from the cold room.
A．You just have to follow the habits of different crops.
B．That being said, harvest requires some special know how.
C．Those harvested overripe will then have a shorter shelf life.
D．This is one reason why a cold room is critical in a market garden.
E．Although it varies from crop to crop, it's always better later than earlier.
F．Moreover, a well functioning cool system is in badly need for keeping things fresh.
G．The other important thing to remember is that vegetables go on “living” even after being picked.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在收获的季节收获作物所需的一些特殊诀窍。
1．答案：B
解析：根据设空前的“As a grower, nothing makes me prouder than harvesting a successful crop.”可知，收获作物是让种植者感到最自豪的事情，后文提到了要确保收获质量，需要遵循某些原则。因此，B项(话虽如此，收获需要一些特殊的诀窍。)承前启后。故选B。
2．答案：C
解析：根据本段主题句“First of all, it is important to harvest each crop at the right stage of growth.”可知，本段主要介绍在恰当的生长阶段收获作物很重要，设空处前文“Vegetables harvested ... less flavorful.”提到未完全成熟就采收的蔬菜味道会差很多，由此可知，C项(那些过熟收获的作物将有一个较短的保质期。)与前文形成对比，且符合本段主旨。故选C。
3．答案：A
解析：根据设空前的“The timing of cantaloupe (甜瓜) ... to harvest the apples.”可知，不同的水果采摘的时间对水果的品质影响不同，A项(你只需要遵循不同作物的生长习性。)总结前文内容。故选A。
4．答案：D
解析：根据设空前的“To further complicate things ... consistent with market demand.”可知，收获某种蔬菜的时机不一定与市场需求一致，D项(这就是为什么在市场菜园子里，冷藏室很重要的原因之一。)承接前文，与前文内容构成因果关系，且选项中的“a cold room”与后文的“the cold room”相呼应。故选D。
5．答案：G
解析：此处为本段的主题句，根据设空后的“Some vegetables must be ... nutritional value will suffer.”可知，有些蔬菜必须冷却以减缓其成熟过程，这说明有些蔬菜被采摘后也会继续生长直到成熟，G项(另一件需要记住的重要事情是，蔬菜即使在被采摘后也会继续“活着”。)符合语境。故选G。
23(共94张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
第一编 教材复习
选择性必修第一册
UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND
单元话题
语法
写作
耕耘
主语从句
关于农业的议论文
教材深挖
高效课时作业
目录
CONTENTS
2
3
高效晨背
1
高效晨背
一 背记单词
◎农业
1．hybrid n. ___________________________________
2．________ n. 产量 vt. 出产；产生
3．pollinate vt. ________________
4．________ n. 产量 n．& vt. 输出
5．strain n. ________________________
6．________ n. 泥土；国土
7．sorghum n. ________________
杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车
yield
授粉；传粉
output
(动、植物的)系；品种
soil
高粱；高粱米
8．broom n. ____________________
9．________ n. 谷物
10．wheat n. ________________
11．flavor n. ________________
12．fertiliser n. ________________
13．organic adj. __________________________________
14．pesticide n. ______________________
15．bacterium n. __________
16．mineral n. ________________
17．root n. ________________
扫把；扫帚；金雀花
grain
小麦；小麦籽
味道；特点；特色
肥料
有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的
杀虫剂；除害药物
细菌
矿物；矿物质
根；根茎；根部
◎社会经济
18．________ vt. 解决；应付；处理
19．crisis n. ________________
20．________ vt. 使增长 n. 增长；提高
21．___________ vt. 克服
22．___________ adj. 本国的；家用的
23．reality n. ________________________
24．________ n. 贫穷
tackle
危机；危急关头
boost
overcome
domestic
现实；实际情况；事实
poverty
◎行为
25．________ vt. 获得
26．__________ vt.& n. 估计；估算
27．________ vt. 产生
28．envision vt. ________________
29．________ vt. 轰炸；对……投炸弹
30．alleviate vt. ________________
attain
estimate
generate
展望；想象
bomb
减轻；缓解
◎描述词
31．_____________ adj. 典型的；独特的
32．______________ adj. 传统的
33．urban adj. _________________________
34．widespread adj. ____________________________
characteristic
conventional
城市的；都市的；城镇的
分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
◎其他
35．__________ vt. 包括；由……组成
36．celebrity n. ___________________________
37．vision n. _________________________
38．tunnel n. _________________________
39．grocery n. _________________________
40．instance n. ____________________
41．batch n. ________________
42．________ n. 方面
comprise
名望；名誉；名人；名流
想象；视力；视野；影像
地下通道；地道；隧道
食品杂货店；食品杂货
例子；实例；事例
一批；一组
aspect
二 词形变化
1.devote vt. 把……献(给)→________ adj. 忠实的→________ n. 奉献
2．short adj. 短的→________ v. 变短→__________ n. 不足
3．convince vt. 使相信→__________ adj. 有说服力的→_________ adj. 确信的
4．assume v. 假定；承担(责任)→___________ n. 假定→________ conj. 假定
5．intense adj. 十分强烈的→________ adv. 强烈地→_______ n. 强烈；强度
6．expand vt.& vi. 扩大→___________ n. 扩大
7．consume vt. 消耗→____________ n. 消耗→__________ n. 消费者
devoted
devotion
shorten
shortage
convincing
convinced
assumption
assuming
intensely
intensity
expansion
consumption
consumer
8．leisure n. 闲暇→________ adj. 慢悠悠的
9．salt n. 盐→________ adj. 含盐的；咸的
10．extend vt. 伸开→___________ n. 扩建部分；扩大
11．chemical adj. 与化学有关的→___________ n. 化学→___________ adv. 化学上地→_________ n. 化学家
12．nutrition n. 营养→___________ adj. 营养(物)的→_________ adj. 有营养的
13．digest vt.& vi. 消化→________ adj. 消化的→_________ n. 消化
14．essence n. 本质→________ adj. 完全必要的→__________ adv. 本质上
leisurely
salty
extension
chemistry
chemically
chemist
nutritional
nutritious
digestive
digestion
essential
essentially
15．alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的→___________ adv. 要不；或者
16．deep adj. 深的→___________ vt. 加深→________ adv. 深深地→________ n. 向下的距离；深(度)
17．entire adj. 全部的→________ adv. 全部地
alternatively
deepen
deeply
depth
entirely
1．He is so ________ to his English teaching that everyone admired him for his ________ to the education cause. (devote)
2．On the _________ that I am chosen as the chairman, I will definitely ________ relevant responsibility.(assume)
3．If you study _________， you will witness thrilling ___________ reactions in experiments.(chemical)
devoted
devotion
assumption
assume
chemistry
chemical
4．We will discuss the problem in ________ to ________ our understanding so that we can understand it ________．(deep)
5．More and more countries in the world are ________ of water, because global water __________ are becoming increasingly serious. (short)
6．The increasing _____________ of goods by eager _____________ has led to a significant rise in resource ______________. (consume)
depth
deepen
deeply
short
shortages
consumption
consumers
consumption
1.overcome [熟义] v. 战胜；克服
[生义] v. ________________________(常用被动语态)
2．vision [熟义] n. 视力；视觉；视野
[生义] n. ________________________
3．extension [熟义] n. 扩大；延伸；延长
[生义] n. ________________________
4．digest [熟义] v. 消化
[生义] v. ________________________
5．aspect [熟义] n. 方面
[生义] n. __________________
三 熟词生义
受到……的极大影响
想象；愿景；影像
扩建部分；电话分机
理解；领会；领悟
外观；样子
1．Our school takes on an entirely new aspect.
我们的学校呈现出全新的________。
2．Yuan Longping's latest vision for “seawater rice” has become a reality.
袁隆平新近的“海水稻”________已经成为现实。
3．The city is building an extension to the subway line.
这座城市正在________地铁线路。
4．The dead woman had been overcome by smoke.
这个女人是被烟________死的。
5．He paused, waiting for her to digest the information.
他停了一会儿，等她________这一信息。
面貌
愿景
扩建
呛
领会
1.含 th词尾的名词 ①________ 深度 ②width 宽度 ③length 长度 ④________ 真理 ⑤growth 成长 ⑥________ 温暖 2.程度副词 ①________ 全部地；完全地 ②extremely 极度地 ③completely 完全地；彻底地 ④thoroughly 完全地；彻底地 ⑤____________ 极度地 ⑥altogether 完全；总之 3.“由……组成”短语
①________________
②consist of
③________________
④be composed of
小积累 word families
depth
truth
warmth
entirely
desperately
be comprised of
be made up of
一 词表短语
1.______________ 把……用于；献身；致力；专心
2．________________ 包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)
3．___________ 在内心深处；本质上；实际上
4．________ 相应地；转而；依次；轮流
5．____________ 例如；比如
devote ... to
be comprised of
deep down
in turn
for instance
选用上面的短语填空
1．The students presented their projects one by one, and the teacher provided feedback _________， encouraging each of them.
2．____________， eating a balanced diet and exercising regularly can significantly improve one's overall health.
3．The project team ________________ experts from various fields, ensuring a diverse range of perspectives and skills.
4．___________， he knew that the decision was the right one, despite the doubts that lingered in his mind.
in turn
For instance
is comprised of
Deep down
二 写作词块
1.______________________ 提升某人的幸福感
2．____________________ 据估计……
3．__________________ 广泛损害
4．___________________________________________ 大量捐款支持农业研究
5．____________ 解决危机
6．______________ 巨大的努力
boost one's happiness
It is estimated that ...
widespread damage
make large donations to support agricultural research
tackle crisis
intense effort
7．__________________ 情感的深度
8．___________________ 富含营养
9．_______________________ 转向有机农业
10．____________________________ 不关心名望或金钱
11．_____________________ 退休过悠闲的生活
12．______________________________ 做某事的其他方法
the depth of feeling
(be) rich in nutrition
switch to organic farming
care little for celebrity or money
retire to a life of leisure
an alternative method of doing sth
1．(教材P50)然而，他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。(what 引导主语从句)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．(教材P51)考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。(given that ... “鉴于，考虑到” 引导原因状语从句)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy， one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.
3．(教材P56)种植不同作物的原因，是为了把重要的矿物质重新放回土壤之中，让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)做好准备。(v. ing作结果状语)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground， making it ready for the next batch of crops.
教材深挖
自主检测
一、重点单词
1．devote vt. 把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→________ adj. 忠实的；投入的→__________ n. 奉献；忠诚；挚爱
2．assume v. 假定；设想→___________ n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得→___________ conj. 假定；假设
3．consume vt. 消耗；消费；吃；喝→_______________ n. 消耗；消耗量；消费→__________ n. 消费者；用户；客户
4．short adj. 短的；矮的；缺乏的；简略的→________ v. (使)变短；缩短→________ n. 不足；缺少；短缺
devoted
devotion
assumption
assuming
consumption
consumer
shorten
shortage
5．extend vt. 伸开；展开；延伸→__________ n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机
6．nutrition n. 营养；滋养→__________ adj. 营养(物)的→__________ adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的
7．convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服→___________ adj. 有说服力的；使人信服的→___________ adj. 确信的；坚信的
8．deep adj. 深的→________ vt. 加深；(使)变深→________ adv. 深深地；强烈地→________ n. 向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)
extension
nutritional
nutritious
convincing
convinced
deepen
deeply
depth
1.dimension/daI'men ( )n/n. _________________________ 2．perceive/p 'si v/v. ________________ 3．sparkling/'spɑ klI /adj. _______________________ 4．nonsense/'n ns( )ns/n. __________________ 5.comprehension/ k mprI'hen ( )n/n. ________________
6．skylight/'skaIlaIt/n. __________
7．stairway/'ste weI/n. _____________
8．split/splIt/v. ____________________ _____________
拔高词汇— 高分必备
方面，侧面；规模，程度
感知；意识到
闪烁的；闪闪发光的
胡说；荒谬的想法
理解力；领悟力
天窗
阶梯；楼梯
(使)分裂，(使)产生分歧
二、重点语块
China's agricultural development has come a long way, with ____________ (巨大的努力) put into shifting towards sustainable practices and focusing on innovative approaches to food production. The country ___________ (致力于) enhancing sustainable farming practices, which include a significant reduction in the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This shift is aimed at ____________ (解决危机) when it comes to environmental protection. ____________ (例如), China has seen a rise in organic farming, which ________________ (由……组成) various eco friendly methods that promote biodiversity. ____________ (实际上), this transformation reflects a commitment to healthier agricultural practices, and _________ (相应地), it has led to a growing market for organic produce both within the country and abroad.
intense effort
is devoted to
tackling crisis
For instance
is comprised of
Deep down
in turn
三、重点句式
1．鉴于中国需要养活庞大的人口，农业创新对于确保粮食安全至关重要。(given that引导原因状语从句)
______________________________________， agricultural innovation is crucial for ensuring food security.
2．人生中真正重要的不是目的地，而是旅途。(what引导主语从句)
_________________________ is not the destination, but the journey.
Given that China has a large population to feed
What really matters in life
四、写作佳句
1．【教材P50】确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．【教材P51】身为土地之子，他不在乎名利。
______________________________________________________
Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life.
As a man of the soil, he cared little for celebrity or money.
3．【教材P55】然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用它们有时会损害土地和人们的健康。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4．【教材P56】因此，想要找到一个合适的解决方案，使人类和环境尽可能保持健康，又让人们有足够的食物可吃，这还有很长的路要走。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Over time, however, what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people's health.
Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.
考点1 devote vt. 把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于
devote one's time/energy/life to (doing) sth 把某人的时间/精力/生命奉献于(做)某事
devote oneself to (doing) sth 献身于(做)某事；致力于(做)某事
be devoted to (doing) sth 专心于(做)某事；奉献于(做)某事
硬核考点
1.Not until then did I realize how Dad had been acting as a ________ (devote) protector and a provider though he was never much of a talker.
2．总之，现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。(写作佳句)
All in all, it is high time that ________________________________________．
3．毕业之后，屠呦呦将毕生精力投入到寻找治疗疟疾的研究中。
After graduation, Tu Youyou ____________________________ in finding a cure for malaria.
devoted
we devoted ourselves to protecting the ocean
devoted all her life to the research
考点2 convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服
convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事
convince sb that ... 使某人相信……
be convinced of sth/that ... 确信某事/……
1．His passionate speech convinced everyone ____ the importance of environmental conservation.
2．Dad convinced the school bus driver ________ (pick) me up at my house instead of the usual bus stop that was six blocks away.
3．I am ________ (convince) of the importance of education in shaping one's future.
4．我完全相信你对中国书法会有更深刻的见解，这一定会使你感兴趣。(写作佳句)
_________________________________________________________________________________， which will surely interest you. (convince; comprehension)
＝________________________________________________________________， which will surely interest you. (belief; insight)
of
to pick
convinced
I'm fully convinced that you'll have a more profound comprehension of the Chinese calligraphy
I hold a firm belief that you'll gain a deeper insight into the Chinese calligraphy
考点3 assumption n. 假定，假设；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得
on the assumption that ... 假定……
make an assumption 作出假设
assume sb/sth (to be)＋adj./n. 假定/认为某人/某物(为)……
It is generally assumed that ... 人们普遍认为……
assuming (that) ... 假设……
1.(2024· 浙江高考1月)It would have been easy to rely on my __________ (assume) about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home.
2．___________ (assume) that I am elected chairman, I will organize more colorful after class activities to enrich our school life.
3．His views are grounded ________ the assumption that all people are equal.
4．People assume that taking exercise can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory.(写作佳句)
→________________ taking exercise can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory. (it 作形式主语)
assumptions
Assuming
on
It is assumed that
考点4 overcome vt. 克服；解决；战胜；受到……的极大影响
overcome the difficulties 克服困难
overcome the fear 克服恐惧
overcome the enemy 战胜敌人
be overcome/driven by ... 受到……的极大影响/被……驱动，受……驱使
1.As time went by, they ______________ (overcome) by his tough spirit.
2．克服恐惧的唯一方法是勇敢地面对它。(写作佳句)
________________________________ is to face it bravely.
3．受到好奇心的驱使，小男孩向窗外望去。(写作佳句)
____________________， the boy looked out of the window. (overcome)
＝__________________， the boy looked out of the window. (drive)
were overcome
The only way to overcome the fear
Overcome by curiosity
Driven by curiosity
【北师版选择性必修第一册写作佳句】
To sum up, despite producing cheap food, factory farming is bad for the planet and for the animals themselves.
总而言之，尽管可以生产廉价的食物，但工厂化养殖对地球和动物本身都有害。
考点5 expand vt.& vi. 扩大；增加 vt. 扩展；发展(业务)
expand into 发展成；扩展到
expand on/upon 详细阐述
expand one's knowledge (circle)/horizons 拓展知识/开阔视野
【联想发散】 “拓展知识面”的多样性表达：
expand one's knowledge circle
expand one's academic horizons
enrich one's knowledge
broaden one's horizons
enlarge one's range of knowledge
1．Originally built by Emperor Qin Shi Huang, _______ (expand) and strengthened in the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall became the world's largest military structure.
2．Over the past decade, the tech industry has expanded ________ many previously unimaginable areas.
3．We hope that through this section, students from different cultures can connect and share their perspectives on various literary works, and _________________________ (拓展他们的学术视野)．
4．作者用了几段话来详述主人公的背景和动机。
The author took a few paragraphs ________________________________________ __________________________________．
expanded
into
expand their academic horizons
to expand on/upon the main character's background and motivations
考点6 alternative n. 可供选择的事物；替代物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的
have no alternative/choice but to do sth 别无选择只能做某事
an alternative to ... ……的替代品
an alternative lifestyle 非传统的生活方式
alternative energy 可替代能源(指太阳能、风能、水能等)
1.You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly; those are two __________ (alternative)．
2．There are alternatives ________ constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
3．有时，为了成功，我们别无选择，只能勇敢地面对失败并从中吸取教训。
Sometimes, in order to succeed, __________________________________________ _________ and learn from it.
alternatives
to
we have no alternative/choice but to face failure bravely
考点7 in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流
turn其他相关搭配：
in one's turn 轮到某人
by turns 轮流；交替地
take turns to do sth 轮流做某事
It is one's turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事
It turns/turned out that ... 结果是……
1.Fortunately, my friends did me a favour and we can be the leader ________ turns.
2．Some student representatives took turns ___________ (deliver) speeches at the coming of age ceremony.
3．结果爆米花很快售光，孩子们的努力获得了回报。
________________________________________ when the popcorn was sold out quickly.
by
to deliver
It turned out that the children's efforts paid off
考点8 given that ... 引导原因状语从句
given (that) 在句中作连词，表示“鉴于；考虑到”，相当于considering。
其他可用作连词的相关表达：assuming (that) 假设；假定；supposing (that) 假如；如果。
1.___________ (suppose) the weather is good tomorrow, we can go hiking in the mountains.
2．鉴于您对中国的传统节日端午节非常感兴趣，我写信向您介绍这一节日。(写作佳句)
________________________________________________ Dragon Boat Festival, I am writing to introduce it to you.(given that)
＝_______________________________________________________ Dragon Boat Festival, I am writing to introduce it to you.(considering)
3．既然在下雨，我们也许应该待在屋里看电影。
____________________________________________________________________
Supposing
Given that you are keen on the traditional Chinese festival
Considering your keen interest in the traditional Chinese festival
Given that it's raining, we should probably stay inside and watch a movie.
【译林版必修第三册写作佳句】
Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.
在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，约17%的雨林已经消失了。
强化训练
一、单句语法填空
1．For years, a farmer called John has been devoted to ________ (tackle) the problem of hunger.
2．In order to reduce pollution, we human beings have no alternative but ________ (choose) some clean resources.
3．In reality, ________ shocks us is that large amounts of food have been wasted in restaurants and canteens.
4．We are working on the ____________ (assume) that everyone has the ability to tackle difficult problems.
tackling
to choose
what
assumption
5．Her business initially focused on local customers, but she soon expanded ________ the international market.
6．Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their ________ (deep), you discover that they are.
7．That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the ________ (aspect) of your personality that shine through.
8．From now on, you're going to have to stay away from ________ (salt) food.
9．The global water ________ (short) is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to the ever increasing population.
10．He tried to convince her ________ (stay) and finish her degree, but she was determined to leave and pursue her dreams.
into
depths
aspects
salty
shortage
to stay
二、熟词生义
1．It took me a long time to digest the theory put forward at the meeting._________
2．Her vision for the future includes a world where everyone has access to quality education.__________
3．We are thinking of having an extension built, as we now require an extra bedroom._________
4．Her parents were overcome with great sadness at the funeral.________________
5．The aspect of the garden at night, with all the lights on, is truly magical._______
理解
愿景
扩建
受到……的极大影响
外观
词缀 含义 例词
ex 表示_______________ ___________________ ___________, exclude, expensive, expel, expose, exalt, extract, exceed, export, exhale
三、构词法
出去；向外；之前的；除去
expand
写出下列黑体词的含义
1．A child's vocabulary expands through reading.____________
2．Language teachers often extract examples from grammar books.__________
3．Workers at the nuclear plant were exposed to high doses of radiation._________
4．They threatened to expel him from his adoptive country.__________
5．It is dangerous to exceed the recommended dose._________
6．As the lungs exhale this waste, gas is expelled into the atmosphere.__________
扩大
摘录
暴露
驱逐
超出
呼出
四、补全句子
1．鉴于这种情况经常发生，在过去的一个月里发起了一场运动，防止学生浪费食物。(given that引导原因状语从句)
_________________________， a campaign was launched in the past month to keep students from wasting food.
2．我们决定轮流照顾宠物，这样我们每个人都能得到休息。(in turn)
____________________________________， so each of us can get a break.
Given that it often happened
We decided to take care of the pets in turn
3．既然我们已经承担了这项任务，不管有多么困难，除了按期完成它，我们别无选择。(alternative)
Since we have undertaken the task, _____________________________________ _______________， however difficult it may be.
4．人们普遍认为，定期锻炼对保持健康有益。(assume)
________________________ regular exercise is beneficial for maintaining good health.
we have no alternative but to complete it on schedule
It is generally assumed that
5．凭借决心和毅力，她成功克服了学业上的困难，并以优异的成绩毕业。 (overcome)
With determination and perseverance, ____________________________________ in her studies and graduated with honors.
6．他为什么选择离开这份工作，对每个人来说仍然是个谜。(主语从句)
___________________________ remains a mystery to everyone.
she managed to overcome the difficulties
Why he chose to leave the job
五、长难句分析
(2023·全国乙卷)If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.
句意：如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不赋予人类一部分特权的历史，你不能只通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人有文本，而世界上大多数人在大多数时候都没有。
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。If引导___________从句；that引导________从句，修饰a history；because引导__________从句；while意为“然而”，表示________。
条件状语
定语
原因状语
对比
读写用—素养提升
一、深化阅读——明晰考向 以阅读养阅读
(2025·八省联考)
Join the Friends and find the place that's right for you
Who are the Friends of the University Art Museum
Friends are our neighbors from the local communities and beyond. They are families, students, scholars, and alumni (校友). __36__. Friends are united by a shared love for the arts and for the university, and by a desire to be part of a cultural community. Friends are interested and active in the life of the Art Museum. Friends are art lovers—just like you.
__37__？
As a Friend, your membership provides essential annual support to help sustain the continued excellence and diversity of the Museum's educational programs. By joining the Friends, you help to guarantee that the Museum remains a welcoming place of shared enrichment for all visitors to experience, to enjoy, and to love.
What benefits do members of the Friends enjoy
__38__. When you become a Friend of the University Art Museum, you also become part of a great tradition. Not only will you be actively participating in the life of the Museum, but you also will receive special opportunities to share your love of art with other like－minded individuals. __39__， and they get invitations to exhibition openings, lectures, travel opportunities, and lively social gatherings.
How do I join the Friends
Becoming a Friend is easy. __40__， return it with your annual membership fee in the attached envelope, and begin enjoying your benefits immediately. If you prefer, you may join online at artmuseum.edu/support/become－a－member, or when you visit the Museum Store.
A．Why does membership matter
B．How can I learn about the Friends
C．Simply complete the membership form
D．You can then see the full range of Friends benefits
E．Friends membership is your entry to many opportunities
F．Friends receive a subscription to the Museum's quarterly magazine
G．Friends are people of all ages, interests, abilities, and cultural backgrounds
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大学艺术博物馆之友的成员构成、会员意义、福利待遇及加入方式并鼓励公众参与。
解析：根据上文“Friends are our neighbors ... and alumni (校友)．”可知，上文介绍了大学艺术博物馆之友的身份，强调其成员身份的多样性。G项(Friends是各个年龄段、兴趣、能力和文化背景的人)承接上文，继续说明该群体的多样性，且句式与本段其他句式一致。故选G。
36．答案：G
解析：设空处为本段小标题。根据下文“As a Friend ... and to love.”可知，本段说明了会员身份的重要性。A项(为什么会员资格很重要)概括下文内容，适合作为本段小标题。本段的中心词为membership。故选A。
37．答案：A
解析：根据小标题“What benefits do members of the Friends enjoy (Friends会员享有什么福利？)”及下文关于会员的福利介绍可知，E项(Friends会员资格是你获得许多机会的入口)概述了会员资格带来的多种机会，为下文的具体福利做了铺垫，其中opportunities为同词复现。故选E。
38．答案：E
解析：根据设空处上下文可知，此处讲述的好处应与博物馆有关，F项(Friends可以订阅博物馆的季刊)具体提到了会员可享有的好处，其中Museum为同词复现。故选F。
39．答案：F
解析：根据小标题“How do I join the Friends (我如何加入Friends？)”及下文介绍可知，C项(只需填写会员表格)直接告诉读者如何加入Friends，下文的it指代the membership form。故选C。
40．答案：C
设空在小标题
1．题型特点：设空本身是段落小标题。
2．正确选项特点：与其他小标题句式相同，一般简短精悍，以祈使句为主。
3．解题方法
①观察其他段落标题的表达形式，缩小范围；
②观察选项中与其他段落标题相同的表达形式；
③阅读段落内容，提炼中心词，留意体现主旨的同义复现。
二、读后续写——必备微技能
高品素材 情绪描写——句式(五)
1.主谓 ... ，with sb/sth＋doing/done/adj./介词短语 2.with sb/sth＋doing/done/adj./介词短语，主谓 ...
某人双手颤抖/冒汗/交叉/紧握/挥舞双手 with sb's hands＋非谓语动词(shaking/sweating/crossed/clenched/waving) ...
某人双腿打战/静止/一动不动 with sb's legs＋非谓语动词(trembling/frozen/rooted to the spot) ...
某人盯着……/上下打量……/怒气冲冲/眼里闪耀兴奋的光芒 with sb's eyes＋非谓语动词(fixed on .../staring at .../locked on .../looking ... up and down/burning with fire/twinkling with excitement) ...
某人害怕/惊讶地睁大了眼睛 with sb's eyes＋形容词(wide with horror/surprise) ...
某人眼里充满喜悦 with sb's eyes＋介词短语(full of pleasure/joy/delight) ...
某人的头耷拉着/低着/抬得高高的/头晕目眩 with sb's head＋非谓语动词(drooping/bent/bowed/lowered/held up hig/spinning) ...
某人的脸变得苍白/火辣辣的/容光焕发/勉强微笑/变得严肃 with sb's face＋非谓语动词 (turning pale/burning hot/lit up/forcing a smile/growing serious) ...
高效课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读
A
(2025·宁夏银川一中高三月考)Attention, please! UN FAO World Food Day Poster Contest entries are now being accepted. Try to picture a future where everyone has access to food and water. What comes to mind You may help construct a sustainable future by taking apt action. Create a poster showing your water action for food as part of the World Food Day Poster Contest to showcase your artistic talent.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is a specialized agency that leads international efforts to end hunger, promote nutrition, and ensure food security.
Procedure and Benefits
Fill out the form on our website, take a picture of or scan your submission, and submit it on line. The screening committee will choose 15 posters from each category for the first round (a total of 60 posters from 4 age categories), and those chosen will be notified in December.A certificate for this accomplishment will be given to the shortlisted individuals. Winners will be highlighted on the FAO social media channels and by regional FAO offices.
Our judges will choose three winners in each age group, and they will be revealed in December. The winners will also get a diploma and a surprise gift package, as well as promotion from FAO offices throughout the world.
Entry Requirements
Per individual, only one entry may be submitted.
Poster entries may be painted, sketched, or drawn using oil or watercolor paint as well as mixed media, pens, pencils, crayons, or charcoal. Artwork produced digitally is also acceptable. No photos are permitted.
Text may or may not be included in poster entries. Use of text is limited to no more than 25 words.
Never mention private information such as names, schools, ages, etc.
Please do not send in physical posters; only digital files saved as JPEGs will be allowed.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了联合国粮食及农业组织的世界粮食日海报竞赛的相关信息。
1．By taking part in the contest, participants can ________．
A．demonstrate their cooking skills
B．be more accessible to food and water
C．raise their nutritional awareness
D．contribute to food sustainability
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“You may help construct a sustainable future by taking apt action.”可知，通过参加比赛，参与者可以为食物的可持续性做出贡献。故选D。
2．What will happen to the final winners
A．Be promoted globally.
B．Be informed before December.
C．Be invited to regional FAO offices.
D．Be decided by FAO after three rounds.
解析：细节理解题。根据Procedure and Benefits部分第二段中的“The winners will also ... throughout the world.”可知，比赛的最终获胜者将在全球范围内得到推广。故选A。
3．Which of the following posters meets the entry requirements
解析：推理判断题。根据Entry Requirements部分中的“Use of text is limited to no more than 25 words.”可知，A项不符合要求；根据Entry Requirements部分中的“Never mention private information such as names, schools, ages, etc.”可知，C项不符合要求；根据Entry Requirements部分中的“No photos are permitted.”可知，D项不符合要求。故选B。
B
(2025·宁夏吴忠中学高三月考)Every Tuesday, my children prepare themselves in a unique manner. They gather their gardening tools, put on old clothes that can get dirty, and sometimes even bring a small notebook and a pen. Then, I drive them to a community garden where they spend the whole day at a gardening club.
When I initially enrolled them in this program, I was excited about the concept but had some concerns as a parent. Would they enjoy getting their hands dirty all day Would they be able to focus for such a long time But when I asked them if they ever felt bored, they looked at me strangely. They clearly didn't understand my worry, which made me realize my concerns might be unfounded．
In this club, kids have the freedom to choose what they want to grow, whether it's colorful flowers or delicious vegetables. They aren't told that their choices are wrong but are encouraged to experiment. Something my children love about the gardening club is that they aren't rushed to finish one task and move on to the next. Instead, they can take their time and explore as much as their interest leads them.
“Don't they miss out on regular school activities？” worried parents have questioned me. Both of their teachers don't see it as an issue, and more importantly, my kids are acquiring new skills that a traditional classroom can't offer. They are learning to notice the small changes in plants and understand the growth cycle—a lesson that's hard to teach in a classroom. They are making friends with people of different ages. They work together, sharing their ideas and efforts to make the garden beautiful.
I'm grateful that the gardening club is influencing my children's connection with nature. They are learning how to care for plants, how to be patient, and gaining knowledge that will make them appreciate nature more in the future.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的孩子们参加园艺俱乐部的经历以及园艺俱乐部对孩子们的影响。
4．What do the children take when going to the gardening club
A．Gardening books. B．Old clothes.
C．Gardening hats. D．Watering cans.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They gather their gardening tools ... and a pen.”可知，孩子们去园艺俱乐部时会带浇水壶。故选D。
5．The underlined word “unfounded” in the passage probably means ________．
A．without a basis B．very serious
C．easy to understand D．difficult to solve
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“But when I asked ... didn't understand my worry (但当我问他们是否感到无聊时，他们用奇怪的目光看着我。他们显然不理解我的担心)”可知，这让作者意识到自己的担心可能是没有根据的。由此可推知，画线单词unfounded意为“没有根据的”。故选A。
6．We can infer from the passage that ________．
A．the author was against the gardening club at first
B．the children have learned a lot from the gardening club
C．the gardening club is not popular among parents
D．the children don't like the gardening club
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“They are learning ... in the future.”可推知，孩子们从园艺俱乐部学到了很多东西。故选B。
7．What is the main idea of the passage
A．The benefits of the gardening club for children.
B．The activities in the gardening club.
C．The author's concerns about the gardening club.
D．How children make friends in the gardening club.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了儿童园艺俱乐部对孩子产生的积极影响以及它的好处。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·四川省成都实验外国语学校高三月考)Harvest is truly one of the highlights of the season. This is when all of our efforts and attention get translated into a tangible finished product. As a grower, nothing makes me prouder than harvesting a successful crop. __1__ To ensure quality is maintained all the way from field to fork, certain principles must be understood and followed through.
First of all, it is important to harvest each crop at the right stage of growth. Vegetables harvested before they are fully mature will be much less flavorful. __2__ For some crops, it is easy to tell when they are at their freshest, and many can be quite forgiving. But for other crops, harvesting at the appropriate moment will make an enormous difference. The timing of cantaloupe (甜瓜) picking, for example, will determine whether the fruit is sweet or disappointing, while it won't make a difference if you wait a few days to harvest the apples. __3__
To further complicate things, the right moment to harvest a given vegetable is not necessarily consistent with market demand. __4__ Vegetables such as broccoli (西兰花) and cucumbers, to name just a few, can be harvested at the peak of their quality and stored in the cold room for a few days before being sold.
__5__ Some vegetables must be cooled to slow their process of ripening. Otherwise, their freshness and nutritional value will suffer. This is why it is so important to harvest as early as possible in the morning, before the heat of the day sets in, and to cool the vegetables immediately with cold water and/or air from the cold room.
A．You just have to follow the habits of different crops.
B．That being said, harvest requires some special know how.
C．Those harvested overripe will then have a shorter shelf life.
D．This is one reason why a cold room is critical in a market garden.
E．Although it varies from crop to crop, it's always better later than earlier.
F．Moreover, a well functioning cool system is in badly need for keeping things fresh.
G．The other important thing to remember is that vegetables go on “living” even after being picked.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在收获的季节收获作物所需的一些特殊诀窍。
1．答案：B
解析：根据设空前的“As a grower, nothing makes me prouder than harvesting a successful crop.”可知，收获作物是让种植者感到最自豪的事情，后文提到了要确保收获质量，需要遵循某些原则。因此，B项(话虽如此，收获需要一些特殊的诀窍。)承前启后。故选B。
2．答案：C
解析：根据本段主题句“First of all, it is important to harvest each crop at the right stage of growth.”可知，本段主要介绍在恰当的生长阶段收获作物很重要，设空处前文“Vegetables harvested ... less flavorful.”提到未完全成熟就采收的蔬菜味道会差很多，由此可知，C项(那些过熟收获的作物将有一个较短的保质期。)与前文形成对比，且符合本段主旨。故选C。
3．答案：A
解析：根据设空前的“The timing of cantaloupe (甜瓜) ... to harvest the apples.”可知，不同的水果采摘的时间对水果的品质影响不同，A项(你只需要遵循不同作物的生长习性。)总结前文内容。故选A。
4．答案：D
解析：根据设空前的“To further complicate things ... consistent with market demand.”可知，收获某种蔬菜的时机不一定与市场需求一致，D项(这就是为什么在市场菜园子里，冷藏室很重要的原因之一。)承接前文，与前文内容构成因果关系，且选项中的“a cold room”与后文的“the cold room”相呼应。故选D。
5．答案：G
解析：此处为本段的主题句，根据设空后的“Some vegetables must be ... nutritional value will suffer.”可知，有些蔬菜必须冷却以减缓其成熟过程，这说明有些蔬菜被采摘后也会继续生长直到成熟，G项(另一件需要记住的重要事情是，蔬菜即使在被采摘后也会继续“活着”。)符合语境。故选G。
