高考科学复习解决方案 英语
一 背记单词/词块
◎医学相关
1．cholera n. 霍乱
2．severe adj. 十分严重的
3．diarrhoea n. 腹泻
4．dehydration n. 脱水
5．germ n. 细菌；病菌
6．epidemiology n. 流行病学
7．microscope n. 显微镜
8．protein n. 蛋白质
9．cell n. 细胞
10．virus n. 病毒
11．vaccine n. 疫苗
12．plasma n. 血浆
◎科学技术
13．pump n. 泵；抽水机；打气筒
14．water pump 水泵
15．statistic n. 统计数字；统计资料；统计学
16．aerospace n. 航空航天工业
17．mechanical adj. 机械的
18．mechanic n. 机械师
19．aviation n. 航空制造业；航空；飞行
20．jet n. 喷气式飞机
21．missile n. 导弹
22．astronomer n. 天文学家
23．astronomy n. 天文学
24．telescope n. 望远镜
◎动作行为
25．subscribe vi. 认购(股份)；定期订购
26．suspect vt.& vi. 怀疑
27．blame vt. 把……归咎于
28．handle vt. 处理；搬动
29．intervention n. 介入
30．link vt. 把……连接起来
31．decrease vt.& vi. (使大小、数量等)减少
32．cast vt. 投射
33．pour vt. 倒出
34．leadership n. 领导
35．trace vt. 追溯
36．shift vi.& vt. 转移；挪动；转向
◎描述词
37．contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
38．multiple adj. 数量多的；多种多样的
39．raw adj. 未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的
40．substantial adj. 大量的；价值巨大的；重大的
41．solid adj. 可靠的；固体的；坚实的
42．concrete adj. 混凝土制的；确实的；具体的
43．patriotic adj. 爱国的
44．outstanding adj. 优秀的；杰出的；明显的
45．abstract adj. 抽象的；理论上的
46．besides adv. 而且；此外
47．brilliant adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的
48．furthermore adv. 此外；再者
◎其他
49．household n. 一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人
50．framework n. 框架；结构
51．theoretical framework 理论框架
52．shadow n. 阴影
53．rainbow n. 彩虹
54．concept n. 概念
55．fault n. 弱点；过错
二 词形变化
1．severe adj. 十分严重的→severely adv. 非常严重地→severity n. 严重性
2．frustrate vt. 使懊恼→frustrated adj. 懊恼的→frustration n. 沮丧
3．infect vt. 使感染→infection n. 感染→infectious adj. 传染的→infected adj. 被感染的
4．prove vt. 证明→proof n. 证据
5．intervene vi. 干扰→intervention n. 介入
6．purify vt. 净化→pure adj. 干净的→purely adv. 完全地
7．transform vt. 使改观→transformation n. 转化→transformative adj. 有变革能力的
8．think v. 认为→thinking n. 思想→thought n. 想法
9．find v. 发现→finding n. 发现
10．initial adj. 最初的→initially adv. 最初地
11．defend vt. 保卫→defense/defence n. 防御→defender n. 后卫→defensive adj. 防御的
12．assist vt.& vi. 帮助→assistant n. 助理→assistance n. 帮助
13．gift n. 礼物；天赋→gifted adj. 有天赋的
14．steady adj. 稳定的→steadily adv. 稳定地
15．vivid adj. 生动的→vividly adv. 生动地
1．He described vividly what he saw in London, giving us a vivid picture about people's life there.(vivid)
2．With solid proof,__the lawyer can certainly prove that he is innocent. (prove)
3．Initially,__I entirely knew about the initial steps they took to create a better campus. (initial)
4．John, an assistant,__came to my assistance;__that is to say, he assisted me in finishing the impossible task on time. (assist)
5．To defend her from being hurt, I must say something in her defense/defence．(defend)
6．The gifted musician had a gift for music when he was a child, and now he is gifted at playing many musical instruments. (gift)
7．I often got frustrated in this job and the constant frustration almost made me quit the job.(frustrate)
8．With steady policies, the company's exports have been increasing steadily．(steady)
三 熟词生义
1.handle [熟义] n. 把手
[生义] v. 处理；搬动；应对；驾驶，操控
2．solid [熟义] adj. 固体的
[生义] adj. 可靠的；坚实的 n. 固体
3．cast [熟义] v. 投射(光、影、视线等)；投掷；向……投以
[生义] v. 为(戏剧、角色)选派演员；投票
4．pour [熟义] v. 倒；注；灌
[生义] v. (水等)不断流出；不断涌向
5．defend [熟义] v. 防御；防卫
[生义] v. 为……辩护；为……辩解
6．fault [熟义] n. 过错；过失
[生义] n. 缺点；故障
1．The car has a serious design fault.
这款汽车存在着重大的设计缺陷。
2．People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
从古希腊时起，人们就一直涌向体育馆。
3．There is solid evidence to show he wasn't there when the crime took place.
有可靠证据证明案发时他不在现场。
4．I wasn't sure if I could handle such a powerful car.
我没有把握是否能驾驶功率这样大的车。
5．Music talents from many different countries were cast.
来自不同国家的音乐人才被选中出演。
6．The law allows people to defend themselves against a charge.
法律允许人们在面对指控时为自己辩护。
小积累 word families
1.“同意”短语大集合 ①subscribe__to 同意；赞同 ②agree with 同意 ③in__agreement__with 同意 2.以 ship为后缀的高频名词 ①leadership 领导地位 ②scholarship 奖学金；学问；学术研究 ③friendship 友谊 ④relationship 关系 ⑤hardship 苦难 ⑥championship 冠军称号 3.常见英语反义形容词 ①abstract 抽象的 concrete 具体的 ②positive积极的 negative 消极的 ③optimistic乐观的 pessimistic悲观的
一 词表短语
1．once__and__for__all 最终地；彻底地
2．subscribe__to 同意；赞同
3．thanks__to 幸亏；由于
4．break__out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
5．in__charge__of 主管；掌管
6．come__down__with 患(病)；染上(小病)
7．above__all 最重要的是；尤其是
选用上面的短语填空
1．Thanks__to the new technology, we were able to complete the project much faster than expected.
2．He had to stay home from work because he came__down__with a flu.
3．They decided to settle their differences once__and__for__all and move forward as friends.
4．I subscribe__to the belief that honesty is the best policy in any situation.
5．As the CEO, she is in__charge__of making all major decisions for the company.
二 写作词块
1．die__from/of 死于
2．in__time 及时；迟早
3．be__likely__to__do__sth 很可能做某事
4．a__household__name 一个家喻户晓的名字
5．through__one's__tireless__efforts 通过某人的不懈努力
6．receive__a__hero's__welcome 受到英雄般的欢迎
7．in__the__area__of__frontier__scientific__research 在前沿科学研究领域
8．an__outstanding__and__creative__scientist 一位杰出而有创造力的科学家
9．have__a__gift/talent__for__... 有……天赋
10．have__a__great__impact__on 对……有很大影响
11．become__a__pioneer__in__... 在……领域成为先驱
12．discourage__sb__from__... 阻止某人……
1．(教材P2)在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。(until引导的时间状语从句)
Cholera__used__to__be__one__of__the__most__feared__diseases__in__the__world,__until__a__British__doctor,__John__Snow,__showed__how__it__could__be__overcome.
2．(教材P2)他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。(so ... that ... “如此……以至于……”)
He__discovered__that__in__two__particular__streets__the__cholera__outbreak__was__so__severe__that__more__than__500__people__died__in__ten__days.
3．(教材P2)于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。(have＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
Accordingly,__he__had__the__handle__of__the__pump__removed__so__that__it__could__not__be__used.__
自主检测
一、重点单词
1．frustrate vt. 使懊恼；使沮丧→frustrated adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustration n. 沮丧；懊恼；挫败
2．infect vt. 使感染；传染→infection n. 感染；传染→infectious adj. 传染的→infected adj. 感染的
3．severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→severely adv. 极为恶劣地；十分严重地；严厉地→severity n. 严重性
4．transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变→transformation n. 转化；转换；变换；变化→transformative adj. 有变革能力的；改变的
5．prove vt. 证明 linking v. 证明是→proof n. 证据；证明；检验
6．assist vt.& vi. 帮助；协助→assistant n. 助理；助手→assistance n. 帮助；协助；援助
7．defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defence n. 防御；保卫；保护→defender n. 防守队员；后卫→defensive adj. 防御的
拔高词汇— 高分必备
1.basement/'beIsm nt/n. 地下室 2．blueprint/'blu prInt/n. 蓝图；行动方案 3．warehouse/'we ha s/n. 仓库；货栈 4．layout/'leIa t/n. 布局；设计 5.furnishing/'f nI I /n. 家具及室内陈设 6．betray/bI'treI/v. 出卖，辜负；背叛；流露 7．nurture/'n t (r)/vt. 养育；培育；滋养；培植 8．dwell/dwel/v. 居住，栖身
二、重点语块
Dr Robert Hawkins, a renowned scientist in__charge__of (负责) a critical environmental research project, faced immense pressure when a series of natural disasters broke__out (爆发) across the globe. Many blamed__him__for (因……指责他) not foreseeing these events, but he knew that science, above__all (最重要的是), required patience and rigorous study. He subscribed__to (赞同) the idea that understanding nature's patterns could prevent future catastrophes. Thanks__to (多亏) his dedicated team, they discovered a crucial link between human activity and these disasters. Although he came__down__with (感染) a severe illness during their intensive research, his work ultimately had a great impact on global policies, once__and__for__all (彻底地) changing how we approached environmental conservation.
三、重点句式
1．我会一直等到你来看我。(until引导的时间状语从句)
I'll wait for you until__you__come__to__see__me．
2．在旅行期间导游给我们讲有趣的故事，使我们一直发笑。(have＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
The guide told us funny stories and had__us__laughing__during__the__journey．
四、写作佳句
1．【教材P2】然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。
However,__he__never__lost__his__desire__to__destroy__cholera__once__and__for__all.
2．【教材P3】幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。
Fortunately,__we__now__know__how__to__prevent__cholera,__thanks__to__the__work__of__John__Snow.
3．【教材P8】然而，钱学森并不气馁，而是接受挑战。
Nevertheless,__Qian__did__not__let__that__discourage__him__from__taking__on__the__challenge.
4．【教材P8】斯蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最负盛名、最具天赋的科学家之一。
Stephen__Hawking__was__one__of__the__most__famous__and__gifted__scientists__in__physics.
硬核考点
考点1 blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n. 责备；指责 blame sb for sth 因某事责备某人 blame sth on sb/sth 将某事归咎于某人/某物 be to blame (for sth) (对某事)负有责任，应受责备 take/bear the blame for ... 承担……的责任 put/place/lay the blame (for ...) on sb/sth 把(……的)责任推给某人/某物
1.It was the professor rather than his assistant that was to__blame (blame) for what had happened in the lab.
2．We all stole the candy together, but my sister blamed it all on me.
3．蒂姆因为演出失败受到责备，他悲伤得忍不住痛哭。
Blamed__for__the__failure__of__the__performance,__Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn't help crying bitterly.
4．当面对失败时，我们应该反思自己，而不是把责任推给别人，这比失败本身更重要。(写作佳句)
When faced with failure, we should reflect on ourselves instead of putting/placing/laying__the__blame__on__others,__which is more important than failure itself. (blame n．)
＝When faced with failure, we should reflect on ourselves instead of blaming__others,__which is more important than failure itself. (blame v．)
考点2 link n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把……连接起来；相关联 link ... to/with ... 将……和……连接/联系起来 be linked to/with ... 与……有联系；与……连接起来 a/the link between ... and ... ……和……之间的联系
1.According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to/with smoking.
2．It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home and nature.
3．这些房间都配备了现代化的电子设备，所有设备都与互联网相连。
Those rooms are equipped with modern electronic facilities, all__of__which__are__linked__to/with__the__Internet.
考点3 decrease n. 减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi. (使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 decrease by 减少了 decrease (from ...) to (从……)减少到 decrease in 在某方面下降/减少/减小 on the decrease 在减少 a decrease of ... (in ...) (在……方面)……的减少量
1.The number of new students has decreased from 2，000 to 1，600 in recent two years.
2．Fatal road accidents have decreased in frequency over recent years.3.There is a decrease of nearly 6% in the number of visitors to the museum.
4．如今，随着社会的发展，由于各种原因，野生大象的数量正以惊人的速度减少。(写作佳句)
Nowadays, with the development of society, the__number__of__wild__elephants__is__on__the__decrease/decreasing__at__an__alarming__rate due to various reasons.
考点4 pour vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)；大 量注入(资金)；涌流 pour ... into 向……投入大量金钱；大量投资于……；川流不息地涌入 pour out 斟，倒(饮料)；毫无保留地表达感情(或思想等)；表露无遗；畅所欲言 pour down 倾泻；倾盆而下
1.The government has poured millions into the education system.
2．Larry was pouring out four glasses of champagne.
3．当简看到自己的努力得到回报时，幸福的泪水顺着她的脸颊流下来。(写作佳句)
When Jane saw her efforts paid off, tears__of__happiness__poured__down__her__cheeks．
4．知道母亲已经意识到了我的悲伤，我卸下了一天的伪装，尽情地倾诉我的沮丧。(写作佳句)
Knowing that my mother had realized my sadness, I took off the mask that I had worn for the whole day and poured__out__my__upset__heartily．
【外研版必修第三册写作佳句】
In addition, important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power.
此外，得益于不断强化的计算机能力，医药与环境科学也取得了重要进展。
考点5 defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解 defend ... against/from ... 保护……免受…… defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护 in defence/defense (of) 保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护 in one's defence/defense 为某人辩护
1.She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if in defence.
2．It is the nature of a mother to do all she can to defend her child against/from harm and danger.
3．看到这条凶猛的蛇，他就像一支箭一样冲过去保护他的儿子。(写作佳句)
Seeing this ferocious snake, he rushed like an arrow in__defence/defense__of__his__son.
考点6 above all 最重要的是；尤其是 all其他常用短语搭配： after all 毕竟；终究 all in all 总之 in all 总共；合计 first of all 首先 all at once 突然 once and for all 彻底地；一劳永逸地 not ... at all 一点也不
1.He spent very little time at school, perhaps no more than a year in all.
2．My aim was first of all to determine what I should do next.
3．我们两人都认为总的说来它或许不是个坏主意。
We both thought that all__in__all it might not be a bad idea.
4．最重要的是，我精通英语，所以我与他人沟通没有困难。(写作佳句)
Above__all,__I have a good command of English, so I have no difficulty communicating with others.
考点7 until引导的时间状语从句 not ... until ... 意为“直到……才……”，引导时间状语从句 在not ... until ... 句型结构中，可以把not until提到句首，此时主句用部分倒装语序 not ... until ... 句型的强调句式为It is/was not until ... that ...
1.It was not until I settled down and lived in Beijing that I had a chance to pay a visit to the Great Wall.
2．直到我经历了这场事故，我才明白坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门。(写作佳句)
Not__until__I__experienced__the__accident__was__I__aware__that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(倒装句)
＝It__was__not__until__I__experienced__the__accident__that__I__was__aware__that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened. (强调句)
考点8 have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 have sth done 使某事被做 have sb do sth 让某人做某事 have sb/sth doing sth 让某人一直做某事；让某事物处于某种状态 have sth to do 有某事要做 can't have sb doing sth 不能容忍某人做某事
1.What Jenny hopes is that Mr Smith could suggest a good way to have the current situation improved (improve)．
2．He could not have her getting (get) away with telling people lies.
3．非常抱歉让你等了我这么久，因为我刚才有一件紧急的事情要处理。
I am terribly sorry for having__you__waiting__for__me for so long, because I had__an__urgent__thing__to__attend__to just now.
【外研版选择性必修第三册写作佳句】
Together, they thought outside the box and broke new ground, leading to the breakthrough of the hydrogen bomb.
他们一起跳出思维定式，开拓新领域，在氢弹上取得了突破。
强化训练
一、单句语法填空
1．The report discloses that human error was to__blame (blame) for the accident.
2．Over the past decades, sea ice has been on the decrease in the Arctic as a result of global warming.
3．Clearly and vividly (vivid) written, the book helps the students who wish to acquire more knowledge.
4．In the absence of proof (prove), the police could not take action against the man.
5．Much to our joy, his health is getting steadily (steady) better with time going by.
6．What points can be raised in defence of this argument
7．The union said that they would take action to__defend (defend) their member's jobs.
8．She was an accomplished pianist, a superb swimmer, and a gifted (gift) artist.
9．As it turned out, the mechanic made a severe mistake, shifting (shift) nervously from one foot to another.
10．My heart leaped with joy as I knew we were likely to__be__rescued (rescue)．
二、熟词生义
1．Driving a car is not just handling controls but judging speed and distance.操控
2．The research lacks solid proof, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful.可靠的
3．The captain knew there was an engine fault but didn't want to alarm the passengers. 故障
4．About ninety five per cent of those who cast their votes approve the new constitution.投票
5．He has employed one of the UK's top lawyers to defend him.为……辩护
三、构词法
词缀 含义 例词
ation 表示性质，状态；行为；行动过程 dehydration,__aviation, invitation, operation, consideration, communication, anticipation, acceleration, vacation
写出下列黑体词的含义
1．Dehydration is also a risk when you eat too much protein.脱水
2．After careful consideration we have decided to offer you the job.考虑
3．The system has been in operation for six months.运行
4．She's in two minds about accepting his invitation.邀请
5．There was a tremendous lack of communication between us.沟通
6．There's been an atmosphere of anticipation around here for a few days now.期待
四、补全句子
1．我不怪他们想要挣些钱。(blame)
I don't__blame__them__for trying to make some money.
2．由于大量的辛勤工作，这才大获成功。(thanks to)
It was all a great success—thanks__to__a__lot__of__hard__work．
3．那位已经教了三十多年书的老师，在负责学校工作。(in charge of)
The teacher, who has taught for over 30 years, is in__charge__of__the__school__work．
4．当他想到保罗无私的帮助时，一股暖流涌入他的内心。(pour into)
A__warm__glow__poured__into__his__inner__heart as he thought of Paul's unselfish assistance.
5．他背朝着我们，我们可以看到他在花园里，因为他正在用喷壶浇花。(have＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
He has__his__back__turned__to__us;__we can see he is in his garden, for he is watering the flowers with a watering can.
6．直到老板回来后，他才离开办公室。(until引导的时间状语从句)
He did__not__leave__the__office__until his boss came back.
五、长难句分析
(2024·全国甲卷)This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down—a skill that has turned out to be quite practical, especially whenever we share the newspaper.
句意：这次培训教会了她倒着读和写中文——这项技能非常实用，尤其是在我们分享报纸的时候。
分析：本句是一个主从复合句；upside down为副词短语作方式状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a__skill；whenever引导时间状语从句。
读写用—素养提升
一、深化阅读——明晰考向 以阅读养阅读
(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted (分心) driving was “only increasing, unfortunately.”
“Big change requires big ideas.” he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands free driving laws.
“We need something on the books that can change people's behavior，” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, “people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。为解决司机开车时使用手机而“分心”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer (短信监控器)的技术来监控司机开车时是否使用了手机。
28．Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US
A．Ineffective. B．Unnecessary.
C．Inconsistent. D．Unfair.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Over the last seven years ... behind the wheel.(在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。)”以及第二段第一句“Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse.”可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。由此可推知，禁令是无效的。故选A。
29．What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out
A．Where a driver came from.
B．Whether a driver used their phone.
C．How fast a driver was going.
D．When a driver arrived at the scene.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The technology could determine ... under New York's hands free driving laws.”可知，Textalyzer能够确定司机是否用手机发短信、发邮件或有过其他驾驶法不允许的行为。故选B。
30．What does the underlined word “something” in the last paragraph refer to
A．Advice. B．Data.
C．Tests. D．Laws.
答案：D
解析：指代判断题。根据画线词所在段落可知，本段主要介绍了 Félix W. Ortiz推动该州2001年禁止司机持有设备，并认为我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，人们将会更加害怕使用手机。由此可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是Textalyzer法案成为法律。画线词something指代“法律”。故选D。
31．What is a suitable title for the text
A．To Drive or Not to Drive Think Before You Start
B．Texting and Driving Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C．New York Banning Hand Held Devices by Drivers
D．The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer
答案：B
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，由于司机在驾驶中频繁使用手机而造成交通事故频发，为了解决该问题纽约立法者提出利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。相关人士呼吁该项技术成为真正的法案才能真正改变人们的行为。B项(发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器)适合作为文章的标题。故选B。
猜测词义类——猜指代
1．明确代词所指代内容的位置，充分把握代词指代内容所涉及段落的整体意义。
2．利用“就近原则”从代词所在句的前一句或前几句中找出指代内容，替换画线代词，然后推理上下文是否符合逻辑，从而确定答案。
3．it/this/that可指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those指代上文提到的人或物；在定语从句中，which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中 which可指代前面整句话的内容。
二、读后续写——必备微技能
高品素材 动作描写——“动头”
1．shake one's head 摇头 2.drop/lower/bend/bow/hang one's head 低头 3．nod one's head 点头 4.lift/raise one's head 抬头 5．bury one's head in one's hands 双手抱着头 6.clear one's head 清醒一下头脑 7．hold one's head high昂首挺胸；高昂着头 8.tilt one's head 歪着脑袋 9．lean one's head forward头向前探出 10.scratch one's head 挠了挠头 11．one's head spins 天旋地转 12.turn/twist one's head 转头 13．stick one's head out 探头 14.throw one's head back 后仰 15．one's head shakes like a rattle某人的脑袋像拨浪鼓一样摇晃 16．duck one's head 缩头 17.rest one's head on/against 把头靠在……上面 18．one's head droops＝droop one's head 耷拉着脑袋
高效课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读
A
(2025·广州市增城区高三质量检测)
Science After Dark
September 26, 6：00 pm～9：00 pm
Calling all explorers of the night! Ready to make your evenings more interesting with an unforgettable adventure Experience PacSci's Science After Dark, the ultimate 21＋ event that combines science, art, and nightlife in one extraordinary experience!
Exhibits
Magical Butterflies: Walk through our appealing Butterfly House and get up close with these delicate creatures.
Art Meets Technology: Release your creativity with interactive exhibits where technology becomes your canvas (画布) of light art.
Chill in Style: Relax in our brand new Sensory Lounge, designed to ease your senses.
Dance with Pixels: Dive into a charming world with Marcell Marias' pop up light art exhibition.
Activities
Science Scavenger Hunt: Set out on a hunt to discover hidden “artifacts” and score a free science themed gift!
Dance Support: Cooperate with the professionals from The Beacon dance studio.
Are you ready to elevate (提升) your nights Grab your friends, significant others, or colleagues, and join us for a night where science and fun combine. Don't just read about it, live it!
Tickets
Bringing friends PacSci is now offering buy two, get the third 50% off! Tickets on sale soon! Food and drinks are not included in ticket price.
Early bird tickets
General Public: $25
Members: $20
Regular tickets
General Public: $35
Members: $30
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Science After Dark活动。
1．What is special about Science After Dark
A．A focus on light art exhibition.
B．Detailed studies of biological science.
C．Participation in professional dance routines.
D．A mix of nightlife and interactive science exhibits.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Experience PacSci's Science After Dark ... in one extraordinary experience！”可知，夜生活和互动科学展览的结合是Science After Dark活动的特色。故选D。
2．What can visitors do at Science After Dark
A．Evaluate light art works.
B．Observe insects up close.
C．Buy science themed gifts.
D．Dance in the Sensory Lounge.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Exhibits部分中的“Magical Butterflies ... these delicate creatures.”可知，在Science After Dark活动中，游客可以近距离观察昆虫。故选B。
3．How much will three members pay in total for regular tickets
A．$50. B．$75.
C．$87.50. D．$90.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Tickets部分中的“PacSci is now offering buy two, get the third 50% off！”以及Regular tickets部分中的“Members: $30”可知，三个成员需要支付30×2＋15＝75美元。故选B。
B
(2024·四川省雅安市高三“零诊”)Scientists have for the first time discovered a cave on the Moon. It could be an ideal place for humans to build a permanent base, they say. It is just one in probably hundreds of caves hidden in an “underground, undiscovered world”， according to the researchers.
Countries are racing to establish a permanent human presence on the Moon, but they will need to protect astronauts from radiation, extreme temperatures, and space weather. And the newly discovered cave looked like a good place for a base which will provide a good protection for astronauts, and humans could potentially be living there in 20～30 years.
The cave has yet to be fully explored, but the researchers hope that radars, cameras or even robots could be used to map it. “We have very good images of the surface—we can see the Apollo landing sites—but we know little about what lies below the surface. There are huge opportunities for discovery.” said Francesco Sauro, Coordinator of the Topical Team Planetary Caves of the European Space Agency.
The Moon cave might be useful to humans, but the scientists also stress that it could help answer fundamental questions about the history of the Moon, and even our solar system. The rocks inside the cave will not be as damaged by space weather, so they can provide an extensive geological record going back billions of years.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家首次在月球上发现洞穴，或成人类建立永久基地的理想地点，这对未来探索月球乃至太阳系的历史具有重要的意义。
4．What is the main significance of the discovering the Moon cave
A．It offers a potential living place for humans.
B．It proves the existence of life on the moon.
C．It challenges the study of space weather.
D．It provides a new tourist destination.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Scientists have for the first time ... they say.”可知，科学家发现月球洞穴的主要意义在于它为人类提供了一个潜在的居住地。故选A。
5．What makes the Moon cave a potential site for a human base
A．Its temperature. B．Its length.
C．Its protection. D．Its width.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“And the newly discovered ... in 20～30 years.”可知，月球洞穴之所以成为人类基地的潜在地点，是因为它提供的保护。故选C。
6．What can be inferred about the exploration of the Moon cave
A．It is affected by lack of funding.
B．It holds great potential for scientific discovery.
C．It has been completed using advanced technology.
D．It is focused on finding evidence of life on the moon.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The cave has yet to ... for discovery.”以及最后一段中的“The Moon cave ... our solar system.”可知，月球洞穴还没有被完全探索，因此有着巨大的发现机会，并且它还可以帮助回答有关月球甚至太阳系历史的基本问题。由此可推知，月球洞穴的探索具有很大的科学发现潜力。故选B。
7．What is the scientists' attitude towards the Moon cave
A．Carefully optimistic. B．Doubtful.
C．Absolutely certain. D．Uninterested.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后两段内容可知，科学家们认为这个洞穴可能对于研究月球和太阳系的历史有着重要的作用，但也强调了对月球洞穴的探索需要更多的发现和研究。由此可推知，科学家们对月球洞穴持有谨慎乐观的态度。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·湖南省湘东十校高三联考)
The Scientific Contributions of Marie Curie
Marie Curie was a pioneering scientist whose research in the field of radioactivity __1__ the way for numerous scientific advancements. __2__ facing significant challenges as a woman in a male dominated field, Curie became the first person ever to win two Nobel Prizes in different scientific __3__—physics and chemistry.
Curie's interest in science began at a young age, but __4__ the restrictions placed on women in Poland at the time, she was unable to __5__ higher education in her home country. Determined to follow her __6__， she moved to Paris in 1891 to study at the prestigious (有声望的) Sorbonne University. There, she earned degrees __7__ physics and mathematics and met her future husband and research partner, Pierre Curie.
Together, the Curies conducted __8__ research on radioactivity, a term that Marie Curie herself __9__. In 1898, they discovered two new radioactive elements, polonium—named after Marie's native Poland—and radium.
Following Pierre's untimely death in 1906, Marie continued her research, eventually __10__ pure radium metal in 1910. For this achievement, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911, making her the first person to win two Nobel Prizes. Her discoveries had significant practical applications, __11__ in the field of medicine.
In addition to her scientific contributions, Marie Curie was a trailblazer (先驱) for women in science. At a time when women were often __12__ from academic and scientific institutions, Curie broke barriers and became the first female professor at the Sorbonne. Her perseverance, __13__， and passion for discovery continue to inspire generations of scientists, especially women in STEM fields. Despite the personal __14__ she made—such as the health problems she suffered because of prolonged exposure to radiation—Marie Curie's contributions to science and humanity remain __15__．
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了居里夫人对科学的热爱以及贡献。
1．A.paved B．built
C．created D．took
答案：A
解析：pave铺；build建造；create创造；take拿。根据上文“Marie Curie was ... field of radioactivity”和常识可知，居里夫人为科学进步铺平了道路。故选A。
2．A.Whether B．Although
C．When D．Unless
答案：B
解析：根据下文“facing significant challenges ... physics and chemistry”可知，句子前后两部分为转折关系，应用although引导让步状语从句。故选B。
3．A.approaches B．methods
C．abilities D．disciplines
答案：D
解析：approach方式；method方法；ability能力；discipline学科，科目。根据下文“physics and chemistry”可知，物理和化学是不同的学科领域。故选D。
4．A.thanks to B．above all
C．due to D．apart from
答案：C
解析：thanks to多亏，由于；above all最重要的是；due to由于；apart from除了……之外。根据下文“the restrictions placed on ... in her home country”可知，居里夫人无法接受高等教育是由于当时波兰对妇女的限制，thanks to侧重于感谢，due to侧重于一般原因。故选C。
5．A.transform B．pursue
C．inquire D．quit
答案：B
解析：transform转换；pursue追求；inquire询问；quit放弃。根据上文“the restrictions placed on women in Poland at the time”可知，居里夫人无法在自己的国家追求高等教育。故选B。
6．A.passion B．liberation
C．power D．advice
答案：A
解析：passion热情；热衷的爱好；liberation解放；power力量；advice建议。根据下文“she moved to Paris ... Sorbonne University”可知，为了追随自己的爱好，她搬到了巴黎。故选A。
7．A.for B．on
C．in D．of
答案：C
解析：根据下文“physics and mathematics”可知，居里夫人在物理和数学这两个学科方面获得了学位。in “在……方面”。故选C。
8．A.breathtaking B．groundbreaking
C．painstaking D．underlying
答案：B
解析：breathtaking令人惊叹的；groundbreaking开创性的；painstaking刻苦的；underlying潜在的。根据上文“Marie Curie was a ... the field of radioactivity”可知，居里夫妇对放射性进行了开创性的研究。故选B。
9．A.copied B．discovered
C．encountered D．coined
答案：D
解析：copy复制；discover发现；encounter偶遇；coin创造。根据上文“Together, the Curies conducted __8__ research on radioactivity”可知，居里夫妇对放射性进行了开创性的研究，这个术语是她自己创造的。故选D。
10．A.inventing B．delivering
C．isolating D．launching
答案：C
解析：invent发明；deliver递送；isolate使(某物质、细胞等)分离；launch发射。根据下文“pure radium metal in 1910”和常识可知，居里夫人分离出纯镭金属。故选C。
11．A.particularly B．essentially
C．basically D．extremely
答案：A
解析：particularly特别是；essentially本质上；basically基本上；extremely极度，非常。根据下文“in the field of medicine”可知，此处指她的发现对医学领域尤其重要。故选A。
12．A.included B．excluded
C．concluded D．secluded
答案：B
解析：include包含；exclude不包括，把……排除在外；conclude推断出；seclude使隔离。根据上文“facing significant challenges as a woman in a male dominated field”可知，那个时代女性经常被排除在学术和科学机构之外。故选B。
13．A.dedication B．arrogance
C．ignorance D．inflexibility
答案：A
解析：句意：她的毅力、奉献精神和对发现的热情继续激励着一代又一代的科学家，尤其是STEM领域的女性。dedication奉献；arrogance自大；ignorance无知；inflexibility顽固。故选A。
14．A.efforts B．effects
C．attempts D．sacrifices
答案：D
解析：effort努力；effect影响；attempt尝试；sacrifice牺牲。根据下文“such as the health problems she suffered because of prolonged exposure to radiation”可知，此处指居里夫人做出的牺牲。故选D。
15．A.worthless B．unnoticed
C．invaluable D．meaningless
答案：C
解析：worthless无价值的；unnoticed未被注意到的；invaluable极宝贵的；meaningless无意义的。根据上文“Marie Curie's contributions to science and humanity remain”以及上下文的转折关系可知，居里夫人对科学和人类的贡献仍然是极宝贵的。故选C。
聚焦写作 一箭三雕
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2025·重庆市名校联盟高三月考)Walking into the Beijing based studio of Belgian designer Jehanne, one __1__ (draw) to the robes (长袍) __2__ (decorate) with beautiful handwritten English words. These elegant dresses seem to be entirely western style, __3__ a closer look will show the presence of four Chinese characters: Miao Zu Shi Shi, which can be translated as “epics (史诗) of the Miao ethnic group”．
Jehanne first got into handicrafts when she was 5 and started a new creative chapter __4__ an artist in 2021, when she was invited to go to Guizhou for inspiration. “I arrived there and immediately realized there was __5__ (remark) craftsmanship, including embroidery (刺绣) and handweaving，” she said. According to Jehanne, the craftsmanship in Guizhou has its unique artisanal __6__ (excellent) and also gives an introduction to the culture and tradition of the Miao people. “The history, the culture, and the beliefs are coded into the weaving，” she added.
The embroidery of China's Miao minority, an ethnic group mainly living in the country's southern regions, __7__ (be) an incredible artistic tradition lasting for more than 2，000 years. “__8__ I find fascinating about Miao embroidery is __9__ it carries the story of their beliefs and lives. I want to celebrate that beauty by creating collections __10__ (bring) the past into the future and promote Miao needlework among younger generations nationwide，” Jehanne said.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了比利时设计师Jehanne (珍娜)向全国年轻一代推广苗族刺绣。
1．答案：will be drawn
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。设空处作谓语，主语one与draw之间为被动关系，此处表示一个人将会被装饰着漂亮的手写英文单词的长袍所吸引，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be drawn。
2．答案：decorated
解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处应用非谓语动词，decorate与其修饰词the robes (长袍)之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填decorated。
3．答案：but/yet
解析：考查连词。句意：这些优雅的服装似乎完全是西式的，但仔细一看，会发现有四个汉字：苗族史诗，可以翻译成“苗族史诗”。设空前后两句为转折关系。故填but/yet。
4．答案：as
解析：考查介词。此处表示于2021年Jehanne作为一名艺术家开始了新的创作篇章。表示“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。
5．答案：remarkable
解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词craftsmanship, remarkable意为“非凡的”。故填remarkable。
6．答案：excellence
解析：考查词性转换。its unique artisanal后应用名词作宾语，excellence意为“优秀”，为不可数名词。故填excellence。
7．答案：is
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处作谓语，主语The embroidery of China's Miao minority表示单数概念，此处描述客观情况，应用一般现在时。故填is。
8．答案：What
解析：考查主语从句的连接词。设空处引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示“……的事物”，应用连接代词what引导，且句首单词首字母应大写。故填What。
9．答案：that
解析：考查表语从句的连接词。设空处引导表语从句，从句句意完整且不缺任何成分，应用连接词that引导。故填that。
10．答案：to bring
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我想通过创作合集来庆祝这种美丽，将过去带入未来，并在全国年轻一代中推广苗族刺绣。此处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to bring。
Ⅱ.应用文写作
(2025·湖北省仙桃市田家炳实验高级中学高三月考)假定你是李华，上周五你校组织了校园农场的丰收活动。请你给新西兰笔友Leo写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括：
1．丰收场景；
2．你的感想。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Leo,
I'm writing to share with you a harvesting activity on our campus farm last Friday.
Yours,
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear Leo，
I'm writing to share with you a harvesting activity on our campus farm last Friday. It was such a delightful and memorable experience that I couldn't wait to tell you something about it.
At the sight of the farm filled with ripe vegetables and fruits like peppers, tomatoes and grapes, we found it hard to contain our excitement. After receiving some instructions from the teachers, we plunged ourselves into the harvesting activity. We hustled and bustled around, each with a basket in hand, carefully gathering the fruits of our labor. Personally, I collected a variety of vegetables such as carrots, tomatoes and peppers. I even cooked them for my families, though, honestly speaking, they were a bit overcooked.
This activity not only brought me the joy of harvest but also taught me the value of labor, making the efforts on the campus farm truly worthwhile.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟高三期中)The school gymnasium was transformed into a hub (中心) of innovation and excitement as students from all grades gathered for the annual science fair. Projects lined the walls, each one a testament (证明) to the hard work and creativity of the students. Among the exhibits was a particularly impressive volcano created by a group of enthusiastic freshmen, and a sophisticated solar powered car designed by a team of seniors.
In the corner of the gymnasium, a slightly nervous but determined looking girl named Mei stood next to her project. She had spent weeks preparing for this event, working tirelessly on a device that could convert (使转变) thermal energy from the environment into electricity. Her invention was a small, compact box with a series of thermoelectric cells (热电元件) and a small fan to let heat out. Mei had named it “Eco Power”， and she hoped it would impress the judges and her peers.
As the first group of students approached her table, Mei took a deep breath and began to explain the workings of her invention. She was proud of her work, but the pressure of the science fair was starting to get to her. Her hands trembled slightly as she demonstrated how the device could power a small LED light using the heat from a warm cup of water.
The crowd around Mei's project grew, and she could feel the weight of their expectations. She noticed a few students whispering and pointing at her device, and she couldn't tell if they were impressed or skeptical. Mei's heart raced as she continued to answer questions and explain the scientific principles behind her invention.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
As the judges made their way through the gymnasium, Mei's anxiety reached its peak. When the awards ceremony began, Mei sat in the audience, with her hands tightly pressed together on the lap.
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Mei (梅)为参加科学博览会做了数周的准备，博览会期间她在体育馆中展示了自己的Eco Power项目，科学博览会的裁判们对Mei的作品作何评价？Mei会获奖吗？
[精彩范文]
As the judges made their way through the gymnasium, Mei's anxiety reached its peak. When they finally reached her table, Mei took a deep breath and began to explain the concept of “Eco Power” once again. The lead judge, a woman with a kind smile, listened intently and asked several detailed questions about the efficiency and practical applications of her device. Mei answered with as much confidence as she could muster, her hands still trembling slightly. The judges nodded approvingly, and Mei felt a glimmer of hope as they moved on to the next project.
When the awards ceremony began, Mei sat in the audience, with her hands tightly pressed together on the lap. Her heart pounded as the announcer called out the winners for various categories. Each name that wasn't hers felt like a weighted push against her dreams. Finally, the announcement for the “Best Innovation” category echoed through the gym. “Eco Power by Mei！” rang out, prompting an eruption of applause. Stunned but elated, Mei rose from her seat, her earlier fears melting away, as she walked up to receive her award, knowing her hard work had paid off.
29(共120张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
第一编 教材复习
选择性必修第二册
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
单元话题
语法
写作
科学与科学家
表语从句
科学精神
教材深挖
高效课时作业
目录
CONTENTS
2
3
高效晨背
1
高效晨背
一 背记单词/词块
◎医学相关
1．cholera n. ___________
2．________ adj. 十分严重的
3．diarrhoea n. ___________
4．dehydration n. __________
5．germ n. ________________
霍乱
severe
腹泻
脱水
细菌；病菌
6．epidemiology n. _____________
7．microscope n. ____________
8．protein n. _____________
9．cell n. ______________
10．________ n. 病毒
11．vaccine n. ________
12．plasma n. ________
流行病学
显微镜
蛋白质
细胞
virus
疫苗
血浆
◎科学技术
13．pump n. ________________________
14．water pump ________________
15．statistic n. ______________________________
16．aerospace n. ________________
17．_____________ adj. 机械的
18．___________ n. 机械师
19．aviation n. ____________________________
泵；抽水机；打气筒
水泵
统计数字；统计资料；统计学
航空航天工业
mechanical
mechanic
航空制造业；航空；飞行
20．jet n. ________________
21．missile n. ________________
22．astronomer n. ________________
23．astronomy n. ________________
24．telescope n. ________________
喷气式飞机
导弹
天文学家
天文学
望远镜
◎动作行为
25．subscribe vi. _________________________
26．________ vt.& vi. 怀疑
27．________ vt. 把……归咎于
28．________ vt. 处理；搬动
29．intervention n. __________
30．________ vt. 把……连接起来
31．___________ vt.& vi. (使大小、数量等)减少
认购(股份)；定期订购
suspect
blame
handle
介入
link
decrease
32．cast vt. ________________
33．________ vt. 倒出
34．__________ n. 领导
35．________ vt. 追溯
36．________ vi.& vt. 转移；挪动；转向
投射
pour
leadership
trace
shift
◎描述词
37．contradictory adj. ________________________________
38．multiple adj. __________________________
39．raw adj. ______________________________________
40．substantial adj. _______________________________
41．solid adj. _________________________
42．concrete adj. _________________________________
43．patriotic adj. ________________
相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
数量多的；多种多样的
未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的
大量的；价值巨大的；重大的
可靠的；固体的；坚实的
混凝土制的；确实的；具体的
爱国的
44．outstanding adj. ____________________________
45．abstract adj. __________________
46．besides adv. ________________
47．brilliant adj. ____________________________
48．furthermore adv. ________________
优秀的；杰出的；明显的
抽象的；理论上的
而且；此外
聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的
此外；再者
◎其他
49．household n. _____________________________________
50．framework n. ________________
51．theoretical framework ________________
52．________ n. 阴影
53．rainbow n. __________
54．________ n. 概念
55．fault n. ________________
一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人
框架；结构
理论框架
shadow
彩虹
concept
弱点；过错
二 词形变化
1.severe adj. 十分严重的→________ adv. 非常严重地→________ n. 严重性
2．frustrate vt. 使懊恼→________ adj. 懊恼的→____________ n. 沮丧
3．infect vt. 使感染→________ n. 感染→________ adj. 传染的→________ adj. 被感染的
4．prove vt. 证明→________ n. 证据
5．intervene vi. 干扰→______________ n. 介入
6．purify vt. 净化→________ adj. 干净的→________ adv. 完全地
7．transform vt. 使改观→______________ n. 转化→______________ adj. 有变革能力的
severely
severity
frustrated
frustration
infection
infectious
infected
proof
intervention
pure
purely
transformation
transformative
8．think v. 认为→________ n. 思想→________ n. 想法
9．find v. 发现→________ n. 发现
10．initial adj. 最初的→________ adv. 最初地
11．defend vt. 保卫→______________ n. 防御→________ n. 后卫→________ adj. 防御的
12．assist vt.& vi. 帮助→________ n. 助理→__________ n. 帮助
13．gift n. 礼物；天赋→________ adj. 有天赋的
14．steady adj. 稳定的→________ adv. 稳定地
15．vivid adj. 生动的→________ adv. 生动地
thinking
thought
finding
initially
defense/defence
defender
defensive
assistant
assistance
gifted
steadily
vividly
1．He described ________ what he saw in London, giving us a ________ picture about people's life there.(vivid)
2．With solid ________， the lawyer can certainly ________ that he is innocent. (prove)
3．________， I entirely knew about the ________ steps they took to create a better campus. (initial)
4．John, an ________， came to my ________； that is to say, he ________ me in finishing the impossible task on time. (assist)
vividly
vivid
proof
prove
Initially
initial
assistant
assistance
assisted
5．To ________ her from being hurt, I must say something in her __________________． (defend)
6．The ________ musician had a ________ for music when he was a child, and now he is ________ at playing many musical instruments. (gift)
7．I often got ___________ in this job and the constant __________ almost made me quit the job.(frustrate)
8．With ________ policies, the company's exports have been increasing ________．(steady)
defend
defense/defence
gifted
gift
gifted
frustrated
frustration
steady
steadily
1.handle [熟义] n. 把手
[生义] v. _______________________________
2．solid [熟义] adj. 固体的
[生义] adj. ___________________ n. ___________
3．cast [熟义] v. 投射(光、影、视线等)；投掷；向……投以
[生义] v. ______________________________
4．pour [熟义] v. 倒；注；灌
[生义] v. ____________________________
5．defend [熟义] v. 防御；防卫
[生义] v. ____________________________
6．fault [熟义] n. 过错；过失
[生义] n. ______________
三 熟词生义
处理；搬动；应对；驾驶，操控
可靠的；坚实的
固体
为(戏剧、角色)选派演员；投票
(水等)不断流出；不断涌向
为……辩护；为……辩解
缺点；故障
1．The car has a serious design fault.
这款汽车存在着重大的设计________。
2．People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
从古希腊时起，人们就___________体育馆。
3．There is solid evidence to show he wasn't there when the crime took place.
有________证据证明案发时他不在现场。
缺陷
一直涌向
可靠
4．I wasn't sure if I could handle such a powerful car.
我没有把握是否能________功率这样大的车。
5．Music talents from many different countries were cast.
来自不同国家的音乐人才被_____________。
6．The law allows people to defend themselves against a charge.
法律允许人们在面对指控时________自己________。
驾驶
选中出演
为
辩护
1.“同意”短语大集合 ①______________ 同意；赞同 ②agree with 同意 ③________________ 同意 2.以 ship为后缀的高频名词 ①___________ 领导地位 ②scholarship 奖学金；学问；学术研究 ③____________ 友谊 ④_____________ 关系 ⑤hardship 苦难 ⑥championship 冠军称号 3.常见英语反义形容词
①________ 抽象的
concrete 具体的
②positive积极的
___________ 消极的
③optimistic乐观的
pessimistic悲观的
小积累 word families
subscribe to
in agreement with
leadership
friendship
relationship
abstract
negative
一 词表短语
1.________________ 最终地；彻底地
2．____________ 同意；赞同
3．___________ 幸亏；由于
4．___________ (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
5．____________ 主管；掌管
6．________________ 患(病)；染上(小病)
7．__________ 最重要的是；尤其是
once and for all
subscribe to
thanks to
break out
in charge of
come down with
above all
选用上面的短语填空
1．____________ the new technology, we were able to complete the project much faster than expected.
2．He had to stay home from work because he __________________ a flu.
3．They decided to settle their differences ________________ and move forward as friends.
4．I ____________ the belief that honesty is the best policy in any situation.
5．As the CEO, she is ____________ making all major decisions for the company.
Thanks to
came down with
once and for all
subscribe to
in charge of
二 写作词块
1.________________ 死于
2．__________ 及时；迟早
3．________________ 很可能做某事
4．________________ 一个家喻户晓的名字
5．___________________________ 通过某人的不懈努力
6．_________________________ 受到英雄般的欢迎
7．__________________________________ 在前沿科学研究领域
die from/of
in time
be likely to do sth
a household name
through one's tireless efforts
receive a hero's welcome
in the area of frontier scientific research
8．________________________________ 一位杰出而有创造力的科学家
9．_______________________ 有……天赋
10．____________________ 对……有很大影响
11．_____________________ 在……领域成为先驱
12．_______________________ 阻止某人……
an outstanding and creative scientist
have a gift/talent for ...
have a great impact on
become a pioneer in ...
discourage sb from ...
1．(教材P2)在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。(until引导的时间状语从句)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．(教材P2)他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。(so ... that ... “如此……以至于……”)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world， until a British doctor， John Snow， showed how it could be overcome.
He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
3．(教材P2)于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。(have＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
__________________________________________________________________
Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
教材深挖
自主检测
一、重点单词
1．frustrate vt. 使懊恼；使沮丧→____________ adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→______________ n. 沮丧；懊恼；挫败
2．infect vt. 使感染；传染→_________ n. 感染；传染→__________ adj. 传染的→________ adj. 感染的
3．severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→________ adv. 极为恶劣地；十分严重地；严厉地→________ n. 严重性
frustrated
frustration
infection
infectious
infected
severely
severity
4．transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变→______________ n. 转化；转换；变换；变化→________________ adj. 有变革能力的；改变的
5．prove vt. 证明 linking v. 证明是→________ n. 证据；证明；检验
6．assist vt.& vi. 帮助；协助→________ n. 助理；助手→___________ n. 帮助；协助；援助
7．defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解→_______________ n. 防御；保卫；保护→________ n. 防守队员；后卫→___________ adj. 防御的
transformation
transformative
proof
assistant
assistance
defense/defence
defender
defensive
1.basement/'beIsm nt/n. ___________ 2．blueprint/'blu prInt/n. ________________ 3．warehouse/'we ha s/n. _____________ 4．layout/'leIa t/n. ________________ 5.furnishing/'f nI I /n. ____________________
6．betray/bI'treI/v. ________________ _____________
7．nurture/'n t (r)/vt. ___________________________
8．dwell/dwel/v. ________________
拔高词汇— 高分必备
地下室
蓝图；行动方案
仓库；货栈
布局；设计
家具及室内陈设
出卖，辜负；背叛；流露
养育；培育；滋养；培植
居住，栖身
二、重点语块
Dr Robert Hawkins, a renowned scientist ________________ (负责) a critical environmental research project, faced immense pressure when a series of natural disasters ____________ (爆发) across the globe. Many ________________ (因……指责他) not foreseeing these events, but he knew that science, ____________ (最重要的是), required patience and rigorous study. He ______________ (赞同) the idea that understanding nature's patterns could prevent future catastrophes. ____________ (多亏) his dedicated team, they discovered a crucial link between human activity and these disasters. Although he ________________ (感染) a severe illness during their intensive research, his work ultimately had a great impact on global policies, ________________ (彻底地) changing how we approached environmental conservation.
in charge of
broke out
blamed him for
above all
subscribed to
Thanks to
came down with
once and for all
三、重点句式
1．我会一直等到你来看我。(until引导的时间状语从句)
I'll wait for you ____________________________．
2．在旅行期间导游给我们讲有趣的故事，使我们一直发笑。(have＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
The guide told us funny stories and ________________________________．
until you come to see me
had us laughing during the journey
四、写作佳句
1．【教材P2】然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。
_______________________________________________________________
2．【教材P3】幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。
____________________________________________________________________
However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.
Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.
3．【教材P8】然而，钱学森并不气馁，而是接受挑战。
____________________________________________________________________
4．【教材P8】斯蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最负盛名、最具天赋的科学家之一。
___________________________________________________________________
Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge.
Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics.
考点1 blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n. 责备；指责
blame sb for sth 因某事责备某人
blame sth on sb/sth 将某事归咎于某人/某物
be to blame (for sth) (对某事)负有责任，应受责备
take/bear the blame for ... 承担……的责任
put/place/lay the blame (for ...) on sb/sth 把(……的)责任推给某人/某物
硬核考点
1.It was the professor rather than his assistant that was ________ (blame) for what had happened in the lab.
2．We all stole the candy together, but my sister blamed it all ________ me.
3．蒂姆因为演出失败受到责备，他悲伤得忍不住痛哭。
_____________________________________， Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn't help crying bitterly.
to blame
on
Blamed for the failure of the performance
4．当面对失败时，我们应该反思自己，而不是把责任推给别人，这比失败本身更重要。(写作佳句)
When faced with failure, we should reflect on ourselves instead of ______________ ________________________， which is more important than failure itself. (blame n．)
＝When faced with failure, we should reflect on ourselves instead of ______________， which is more important than failure itself. (blame v．)
putting/placing /laying the blame on others
blaming others
考点2 link n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把……连接起来；相关联
link ... to/with ... 将……和……连接/联系起来
be linked to/with ... 与……有联系；与……连接起来
a/the link between ... and ... ……和……之间的联系
1.According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked ________ smoking.
2．It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home ________ nature.
3．这些房间都配备了现代化的电子设备，所有设备都与互联网相连。
Those rooms are equipped with modern electronic facilities, ___________________ _____________________________.
to/with
and
all of which are linked to/with the Internet
考点3 decrease n. 减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi. (使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
decrease by 减少了
decrease (from ...) to (从……)减少到
decrease in 在某方面下降/减少/减小
on the decrease 在减少
a decrease of ... (in ...) (在……方面)……的减少量
1.The number of new students has decreased from 2，000 ________ 1，600 in recent two years.
2．Fatal road accidents have decreased ________ frequency over recent years.
3．There is a decrease ________ nearly 6% in the number of visitors to the museum.
4．如今，随着社会的发展，由于各种原因，野生大象的数量正以惊人的速度减少。(写作佳句)
Nowadays, with the development of society, ________________________________ _______________________________________ due to various reasons.
to
in
of
the number of wild elephants is on the decrease/decreasing at an alarming rate
考点4 pour vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)；大量注入(资金)；涌流
pour ... into 向……投入大量金钱；大量投资于……；川流不息地涌入
pour out 斟，倒(饮料)；毫无保留地表达感情(或思想等)；表露无遗；畅所欲言
pour down 倾泻；倾盆而下
1.The government has poured millions ________ the education system.
2．Larry was pouring ________ four glasses of champagne.
3．当简看到自己的努力得到回报时，幸福的泪水顺着她的脸颊流下来。(写作佳句)
When Jane saw her efforts paid off, ____________________________________．
4．知道母亲已经意识到了我的悲伤，我卸下了一天的伪装，尽情地倾诉我的沮丧。(写作佳句)
Knowing that my mother had realized my sadness, I took off the mask that I had worn for the whole day and _____________________________．
into
out
tears of happiness poured down her cheeks
poured out my upset heartily
【外研版必修第三册写作佳句】
In addition, important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power.
此外，得益于不断强化的计算机能力，医药与环境科学也取得了重要进展。
考点5 defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解
defend ... against/from ... 保护……免受……
defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护
in defence/defense (of) 保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护
in one's defence/defense 为某人辩护
1.She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if ________ defence.
2．It is the nature of a mother to do all she can to defend her child ____________ harm and danger.
3．看到这条凶猛的蛇，他就像一支箭一样冲过去保护他的儿子。(写作佳句)
Seeing this ferocious snake, he rushed like an arrow ________________________．
in
against/from
in defence/defense of his son
考点6 above all 最重要的是；尤其是
all其他常用短语搭配：
after all 毕竟；终究
all in all 总之
in all 总共；合计
first of all 首先
all at once 突然
once and for all 彻底地；一劳永逸地
not ... at all 一点也不
1.He spent very little time at school, perhaps no more than a year ________ all.
2．My aim was first ________ all to determine what I should do next.
3．我们两人都认为总的说来它或许不是个坏主意。
We both thought that ________________ it might not be a bad idea.
4．最重要的是，我精通英语，所以我与他人沟通没有困难。(写作佳句)
_______________， I have a good command of English, so I have no difficulty communicating with others.
in
of
all in all
Above all
考点7 until引导的时间状语从句
not ... until ... 意为“直到……才……”，引导时间状语从句
在not ... until ... 句型结构中，可以把not until提到句首，此时主句用部分倒装语序
not ... until ... 句型的强调句式为It is/was not until ... that ...
1.It was not until I settled down and lived in Beijing ________ I had a chance to pay a visit to the Great Wall.
2．直到我经历了这场事故，我才明白坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门。(写作佳句)
______________________________________________ bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(倒装句)
＝______________________________________________________ bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened. (强调句)
that
Not until I experienced the accident was I aware that
It was not until I experienced the accident that I was aware that
考点8 have＋宾语＋宾语补足语
have sth done 使某事被做
have sb do sth 让某人做某事
have sb/sth doing sth 让某人一直做某事；让某事物处于某种状态
have sth to do 有某事要做
can't have sb doing sth 不能容忍某人做某事
1.What Jenny hopes is that Mr Smith could suggest a good way to have the current situation ___________ (improve)．
2．He could not have her ________ (get) away with telling people lies.
3．非常抱歉让你等了我这么久，因为我刚才有一件紧急的事情要处理。
I am terribly sorry for ________________________________ for so long, because I ______________________________ just now.
improved
getting
having you waiting for me
had an urgent thing to attend to
【外研版选择性必修第三册写作佳句】
Together, they thought outside the box and broke new ground, leading to the breakthrough of the hydrogen bomb.
他们一起跳出思维定式，开拓新领域，在氢弹上取得了突破。
强化训练
一、单句语法填空
1．The report discloses that human error was ________ (blame) for the accident.
2．Over the past decades, sea ice has been ________ the decrease in the Arctic as a result of global warming.
3．Clearly and ________ (vivid) written, the book helps the students who wish to acquire more knowledge.
4．In the absence of ________ (prove), the police could not take action against the man.
to blame
on
vividly
proof
5．Much to our joy, his health is getting _______ (steady) better with time going by.
6．What points can be raised ________ defence of this argument
7．The union said that they would take action ___________ (defend) their member's jobs.
8．She was an accomplished pianist, a superb swimmer, and a ________ (gift) artist.
9．As it turned out, the mechanic made a severe mistake, ________ (shift) nervously from one foot to another.
10．My heart leaped with joy as I knew we were likely ______________ (rescue)．
steadily
in
to defend
gifted
shifting
to be rescued
二、熟词生义
1．Driving a car is not just handling controls but judging speed and distance.__________
2．The research lacks solid proof, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful.__________
3．The captain knew there was an engine fault but didn't want to alarm the passengers. _________
4．About ninety five per cent of those who cast their votes approve the new constitution.___________
5．He has employed one of the UK's top lawyers to defend him.____________
操控
可靠的
故障
投票
为……辩护
词缀 含义 例词
ation 表示____________ __________________ ______________, aviation, invitation, operation, consideration, communication, anticipation,
acceleration, vacation
三、构词法
性质，状态；行为；行动过程
dehydration
写出下列黑体词的含义
1．Dehydration is also a risk when you eat too much protein.____________
2．After careful consideration we have decided to offer you the job.__________
3．The system has been in operation for six months.____________
4．She's in two minds about accepting his invitation.____________
5．There was a tremendous lack of communication between us.____________
6．There's been an atmosphere of anticipation around here for a few days now.____________
脱水
考虑
运行
邀请
沟通
期待
四、补全句子
1．我不怪他们想要挣些钱。(blame)
I _______________________ trying to make some money.
2．由于大量的辛勤工作，这才大获成功。(thanks to)
It was all a great success—________________________．
3．那位已经教了三十多年书的老师，在负责学校工作。(in charge of)
The teacher, who has taught for over 30 years, is ________________________．
4．当他想到保罗无私的帮助时，一股暖流涌入他的内心。(pour into)
_________________________________ as he thought of Paul's unselfish assistance.
don't blame them for
thanks to a lot of hard work
in charge of the school work
A warm glow poured into his inner heart
5．他背朝着我们，我们可以看到他在花园里，因为他正在用喷壶浇花。(have＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
He ____________________； we can see he is in his garden, for he is watering the flowers with a watering can.
6．直到老板回来后，他才离开办公室。(until引导的时间状语从句)
He __________________________ his boss came back.
has his back turned to us
did not leave the office until
五、长难句分析
(2024·全国甲卷)This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down—a skill that has turned out to be quite practical, especially whenever we share the newspaper.
句意：这次培训教会了她倒着读和写中文——这项技能非常实用，尤其是在我们分享报纸的时候。
分析：本句是一个主从复合句；upside down为副词短语作__________；that引导________从句，修饰先行词________；whenever引导___________从句。
方式状语
定语
a skill
时间状语
读写用—素养提升
一、深化阅读——明晰考向 以阅读养阅读
(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted (分心) driving was “only increasing, unfortunately.”
“Big change requires big ideas.” he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands free driving laws.
“We need something on the books that can change people's behavior，” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, “people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。为解决司机开车时使用手机而“分心”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer (短信监控器)的技术来监控司机开车时是否使用了手机。
28．Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US
A．Ineffective. B．Unnecessary.
C．Inconsistent. D．Unfair.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Over the last seven years ... behind the wheel.(在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。)”以及第二段第一句“Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse.”可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。由此可推知，禁令是无效的。故选A。
29．What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out
A．Where a driver came from.
B．Whether a driver used their phone.
C．How fast a driver was going.
D．When a driver arrived at the scene.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The technology could determine ... under New York's hands free driving laws.”可知，Textalyzer能够确定司机是否用手机发短信、发邮件或有过其他驾驶法不允许的行为。故选B。
30．What does the underlined word “something” in the last paragraph refer to
A．Advice. B．Data.
C．Tests. D．Laws.
解析：指代判断题。根据画线词所在段落可知，本段主要介绍了 Félix W. Ortiz推动该州2001年禁止司机持有设备，并认为我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，人们将会更加害怕使用手机。由此可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是Textalyzer法案成为法律。画线词something指代“法律”。故选D。
31．What is a suitable title for the text
A．To Drive or Not to Drive Think Before You Start
B．Texting and Driving Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C．New York Banning Hand Held Devices by Drivers
D．The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，由于司机在驾驶中频繁使用手机而造成交通事故频发，为了解决该问题纽约立法者提出利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。相关人士呼吁该项技术成为真正的法案才能真正改变人们的行为。B项(发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器)适合作为文章的标题。故选B。
猜测词义类——猜指代
1．明确代词所指代内容的位置，充分把握代词指代内容所涉及段落的整体意义。
2．利用“就近原则”从代词所在句的前一句或前几句中找出指代内容，替换画线代词，然后推理上下文是否符合逻辑，从而确定答案。
3．it/this/that可指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those指代上文提到的人或物；在定语从句中，which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中 which可指代前面整句话的内容。
二、读后续写——必备微技能
高品素材 动作描写——“动头”
1．shake one's head 摇头
2.drop/lower/bend/bow/hang one's head 低头
3．nod one's head 点头
4.lift/raise one's head 抬头
5．bury one's head in one's hands 双手抱着头
6.clear one's head 清醒一下头脑
7．hold one's head high昂首挺胸；高昂着头
8.tilt one's head 歪着脑袋
9．lean one's head forward头向前探出
10.scratch one's head 挠了挠头
11．one's head spins 天旋地转
12.turn/twist one's head 转头
13．stick one's head out 探头
14.throw one's head back 后仰
15．one's head shakes like a rattle某人的脑袋像拨浪鼓一样摇晃
16．duck one's head 缩头
17.rest one's head on/against 把头靠在……上面
18．one's head droops＝droop one's head 耷拉着脑袋
高效课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读
A
(2025·广州市增城区高三质量检测)
Science After Dark
September 26, 6：00 pm～9：00 pm
Calling all explorers of the night! Ready to make your evenings more interesting with an unforgettable adventure Experience PacSci's Science After Dark, the ultimate 21＋ event that combines science, art, and nightlife in one extraordinary experience!
Exhibits
Magical Butterflies: Walk through our appealing Butterfly House and get up close with these delicate creatures.
Art Meets Technology: Release your creativity with interactive exhibits where technology becomes your canvas (画布) of light art.
Chill in Style: Relax in our brand new Sensory Lounge, designed to ease your senses.
Dance with Pixels: Dive into a charming world with Marcell Marias' pop up light art exhibition.
Activities
Science Scavenger Hunt: Set out on a hunt to discover hidden “artifacts” and score a free science themed gift!
Dance Support: Cooperate with the professionals from The Beacon dance studio.
Are you ready to elevate (提升) your nights Grab your friends, significant others, or colleagues, and join us for a night where science and fun combine. Don't just read about it, live it!
Tickets
Bringing friends PacSci is now offering buy two, get the third 50% off! Tickets on sale soon! Food and drinks are not included in ticket price.
Early bird tickets
General Public: $25
Members: $20
Regular tickets
General Public: $35
Members: $30
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Science After Dark活动。
1．What is special about Science After Dark
A．A focus on light art exhibition.
B．Detailed studies of biological science.
C．Participation in professional dance routines.
D．A mix of nightlife and interactive science exhibits.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Experience PacSci's Science After Dark ... in one extraordinary experience！”可知，夜生活和互动科学展览的结合是Science After Dark活动的特色。故选D。
2．What can visitors do at Science After Dark
A．Evaluate light art works.
B．Observe insects up close.
C．Buy science themed gifts.
D．Dance in the Sensory Lounge.
解析：细节理解题。根据Exhibits部分中的“Magical Butterflies ... these delicate creatures.”可知，在Science After Dark活动中，游客可以近距离观察昆虫。故选B。
3．How much will three members pay in total for regular tickets
A．$50. B．$75.
C．$87.50. D．$90.
解析：细节理解题。根据Tickets部分中的“PacSci is now offering buy two, get the third 50% off！”以及Regular tickets部分中的“Members: $30”可知，三个成员需要支付30×2＋15＝75美元。故选B。
B
(2024·四川省雅安市高三“零诊”)Scientists have for the first time discovered a cave on the Moon. It could be an ideal place for humans to build a permanent base, they say. It is just one in probably hundreds of caves hidden in an “underground, undiscovered world”， according to the researchers.
Countries are racing to establish a permanent human presence on the Moon, but they will need to protect astronauts from radiation, extreme temperatures, and space weather. And the newly discovered cave looked like a good place for a base which will provide a good protection for astronauts, and humans could potentially be living there in 20～30 years.
The cave has yet to be fully explored, but the researchers hope that radars, cameras or even robots could be used to map it. “We have very good images of the surface—we can see the Apollo landing sites—but we know little about what lies below the surface. There are huge opportunities for discovery.” said Francesco Sauro, Coordinator of the Topical Team Planetary Caves of the European Space Agency.
The Moon cave might be useful to humans, but the scientists also stress that it could help answer fundamental questions about the history of the Moon, and even our solar system. The rocks inside the cave will not be as damaged by space weather, so they can provide an extensive geological record going back billions of years.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家首次在月球上发现洞穴，或成人类建立永久基地的理想地点，这对未来探索月球乃至太阳系的历史具有重要的意义。
4．What is the main significance of the discovering the Moon cave
A．It offers a potential living place for humans.
B．It proves the existence of life on the moon.
C．It challenges the study of space weather.
D．It provides a new tourist destination.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Scientists have for the first time ... they say.”可知，科学家发现月球洞穴的主要意义在于它为人类提供了一个潜在的居住地。故选A。
5．What makes the Moon cave a potential site for a human base
A．Its temperature. B．Its length.
C．Its protection. D．Its width.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“And the newly discovered ... in 20～30 years.”可知，月球洞穴之所以成为人类基地的潜在地点，是因为它提供的保护。故选C。
6．What can be inferred about the exploration of the Moon cave
A．It is affected by lack of funding.
B．It holds great potential for scientific discovery.
C．It has been completed using advanced technology.
D．It is focused on finding evidence of life on the moon.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The cave has yet to ... for discovery.”以及最后一段中的“The Moon cave ... our solar system.”可知，月球洞穴还没有被完全探索，因此有着巨大的发现机会，并且它还可以帮助回答有关月球甚至太阳系历史的基本问题。由此可推知，月球洞穴的探索具有很大的科学发现潜力。故选B。
7．What is the scientists' attitude towards the Moon cave
A．Carefully optimistic. B．Doubtful.
C．Absolutely certain. D．Uninterested.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后两段内容可知，科学家们认为这个洞穴可能对于研究月球和太阳系的历史有着重要的作用，但也强调了对月球洞穴的探索需要更多的发现和研究。由此可推知，科学家们对月球洞穴持有谨慎乐观的态度。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·湖南省湘东十校高三联考)
The Scientific Contributions of Marie Curie
Marie Curie was a pioneering scientist whose research in the field of radioactivity __1__ the way for numerous scientific advancements. __2__ facing significant challenges as a woman in a male dominated field, Curie became the first person ever to win two Nobel Prizes in different scientific __3__—physics and chemistry.
Curie's interest in science began at a young age, but __4__ the restrictions placed on women in Poland at the time, she was unable to __5__ higher education in her home country. Determined to follow her __6__， she moved to Paris in 1891 to study at the prestigious (有声望的) Sorbonne University. There, she earned degrees __7__ physics and mathematics and met her future husband and research partner, Pierre Curie.
Together, the Curies conducted __8__ research on radioactivity, a term that Marie Curie herself __9__. In 1898, they discovered two new radioactive elements, polonium—named after Marie's native Poland—and radium.
Following Pierre's untimely death in 1906, Marie continued her research, eventually __10__ pure radium metal in 1910. For this achievement, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911, making her the first person to win two Nobel Prizes. Her discoveries had significant practical applications, __11__ in the field of medicine.
In addition to her scientific contributions, Marie Curie was a trailblazer (先驱) for women in science. At a time when women were often __12__ from academic and scientific institutions, Curie broke barriers and became the first female professor at the Sorbonne. Her perseverance, __13__， and passion for discovery continue to inspire generations of scientists, especially women in STEM fields. Despite the personal __14__ she made—such as the health problems she suffered because of prolonged exposure to radiation—Marie Curie's contributions to science and humanity remain __15__．
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了居里夫人对科学的热爱以及贡献。
1．A.paved B．built
C．created D．took
2．A.Whether B．Although
C．When D．Unless
解析：pave铺；build建造；create创造；take拿。根据上文“Marie Curie was ... field of radioactivity”和常识可知，居里夫人为科学进步铺平了道路。故选A。
解析：根据下文“facing significant challenges ... physics and chemistry”可知，句子前后两部分为转折关系，应用although引导让步状语从句。故选B。
3．A.approaches B．methods
C．abilities D．disciplines
4．A.thanks to B．above all
C．due to D．apart from
解析：approach方式；method方法；ability能力；discipline学科，科目。根据下文“physics and chemistry”可知，物理和化学是不同的学科领域。故选D。
解析：thanks to多亏，由于；above all最重要的是；due to由于；apart from除了……之外。根据下文“the restrictions placed on ... in her home country”可知，居里夫人无法接受高等教育是由于当时波兰对妇女的限制，thanks to侧重于感谢，due to侧重于一般原因。故选C。
5．A.transform B．pursue
C．inquire D．quit
6．A.passion B．liberation
C．power D．advice
解析：transform转换；pursue追求；inquire询问；quit放弃。根据上文“the restrictions placed on women in Poland at the time”可知，居里夫人无法在自己的国家追求高等教育。故选B。
解析：passion热情；热衷的爱好；liberation解放；power力量；advice建议。根据下文“she moved to Paris ... Sorbonne University”可知，为了追随自己的爱好，她搬到了巴黎。故选A。
7．A.for B．on
C．in D．of
8．A.breathtaking B．groundbreaking
C．painstaking D．underlying
解析：根据下文“physics and mathematics”可知，居里夫人在物理和数学这两个学科方面获得了学位。in “在……方面”。故选C。
解析： breathtaking令人惊叹的；groundbreaking开创性的；painstaking刻苦的；underlying潜在的。根据上文“Marie Curie was a ... the field of radioactivity”可知，居里夫妇对放射性进行了开创性的研究。故选B。
9．A.copied B．discovered
C．encountered D．coined
10．A.inventing B．delivering
C．isolating D．launching
解析：copy复制；discover发现；encounter偶遇；coin创造。根据上文“Together, the Curies conducted __8__ research on radioactivity”可知，居里夫妇对放射性进行了开创性的研究，这个术语是她自己创造的。故选D。
解析： invent发明；deliver递送；isolate使(某物质、细胞等)分离；launch发射。根据下文“pure radium metal in 1910”和常识可知，居里夫人分离出纯镭金属。故选C。
11．A.particularly B．essentially
C．basically D．extremely
12．A.included B．excluded
C．concluded D．secluded
解析：particularly特别是；essentially本质上；basically基本上；extremely极度，非常。根据下文“in the field of medicine”可知，此处指她的发现对医学领域尤其重要。故选A。
解析：include包含；exclude不包括，把……排除在外；conclude推断出；seclude使隔离。根据上文“facing significant challenges as a woman in a male dominated field”可知，那个时代女性经常被排除在学术和科学机构之外。故选B。
13．A.dedication B．arrogance
C．ignorance D．inflexibility
14．A.efforts B．effects
C．attempts D．sacrifices
解析：句意：她的毅力、奉献精神和对发现的热情继续激励着一代又一代的科学家，尤其是STEM领域的女性。dedication奉献；arrogance自大；ignorance无知；inflexibility顽固。故选A。
解析：effort努力；effect影响；attempt尝试；sacrifice牺牲。根据下文“such as the health problems she suffered because of prolonged exposure to radiation”可知，此处指居里夫人做出的牺牲。故选D。
15．A.worthless B．unnoticed
C．invaluable D．meaningless
解析：worthless无价值的；unnoticed未被注意到的；invaluable极宝贵的；meaningless无意义的。根据上文“Marie Curie's contributions to science and humanity remain”以及上下文的转折关系可知，居里夫人对科学和人类的贡献仍然是极宝贵的。故选C。
聚焦写作 一箭三雕
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2025·重庆市名校联盟高三月考)Walking into the Beijing based studio of Belgian designer Jehanne, one __1__ (draw) to the robes (长袍) __2__ (decorate) with beautiful handwritten English words. These elegant dresses seem to be entirely western style, __3__ a closer look will show the presence of four Chinese characters: Miao Zu Shi Shi, which can be translated as “epics (史诗) of the Miao ethnic group”．
Jehanne first got into handicrafts when she was 5 and started a new creative chapter __4__ an artist in 2021, when she was invited to go to Guizhou for inspiration. “I arrived there and immediately realized there was __5__ (remark) craftsmanship, including embroidery (刺绣) and handweaving，” she said. According to Jehanne, the craftsmanship in Guizhou has its unique artisanal __6__ (excellent) and also gives an introduction to the culture and tradition of the Miao people. “The history, the culture, and the beliefs are coded into the weaving，” she added.
The embroidery of China's Miao minority, an ethnic group mainly living in the country's southern regions, __7__ (be) an incredible artistic tradition lasting for more than 2，000 years. “__8__ I find fascinating about Miao embroidery is __9__ it carries the story of their beliefs and lives. I want to celebrate that beauty by creating collections __10__ (bring) the past into the future and promote Miao needlework among younger generations nationwide，” Jehanne said.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了比利时设计师Jehanne (珍娜)向全国年轻一代推广苗族刺绣。
1．答案：will be drawn
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。设空处作谓语，主语one与draw之间为被动关系，此处表示一个人将会被装饰着漂亮的手写英文单词的长袍所吸引，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be drawn。
2．答案：decorated
解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处应用非谓语动词，decorate与其修饰词the robes (长袍)之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填decorated。
3．答案：but/yet
解析：考查连词。句意：这些优雅的服装似乎完全是西式的，但仔细一看，会发现有四个汉字：苗族史诗，可以翻译成“苗族史诗”。设空前后两句为转折关系。故填but/yet。
4．答案：as
解析：考查介词。此处表示于2021年Jehanne作为一名艺术家开始了新的创作篇章。表示“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。
5．答案：remarkable
解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词craftsmanship, remarkable意为“非凡的”。故填remarkable。
6．答案：excellence
解析：考查词性转换。its unique artisanal后应用名词作宾语，excellence意为“优秀”，为不可数名词。故填excellence。
7．答案：is
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处作谓语，主语The embroidery of China's Miao minority表示单数概念，此处描述客观情况，应用一般现在时。故填is。
8．答案：What
解析：考查主语从句的连接词。设空处引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示“……的事物”，应用连接代词what引导，且句首单词首字母应大写。故填What。
9．答案：that
解析：考查表语从句的连接词。设空处引导表语从句，从句句意完整且不缺任何成分，应用连接词that引导。故填that。
10．答案：to bring
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我想通过创作合集来庆祝这种美丽，将过去带入未来，并在全国年轻一代中推广苗族刺绣。此处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to bring。
Ⅱ.应用文写作
(2025·湖北省仙桃市田家炳实验高级中学高三月考)假定你是李华，上周五你校组织了校园农场的丰收活动。请你给新西兰笔友Leo写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括：
1．丰收场景；
2．你的感想。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Leo,
I'm writing to share with you a harvesting activity on our campus farm last Friday. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
Yours,
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear Leo，
I'm writing to share with you a harvesting activity on our campus farm last Friday. It was such a delightful and memorable experience that I couldn't wait to tell you something about it.
At the sight of the farm filled with ripe vegetables and fruits like peppers, tomatoes and grapes, we found it hard to contain our excitement. After receiving some instructions from the teachers, we plunged ourselves into the harvesting activity. We hustled and bustled around, each with a basket in hand,
carefully gathering the fruits of our labor. Personally, I collected a variety of vegetables such as carrots, tomatoes and peppers. I even cooked them for my families, though, honestly speaking, they were a bit overcooked.
This activity not only brought me the joy of harvest but also taught me the value of labor, making the efforts on the campus farm truly worthwhile.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟高三期中)The school gymnasium was transformed into a hub (中心) of innovation and excitement as students from all grades gathered for the annual science fair. Projects lined the walls, each one a testament (证明) to the hard work and creativity of the students. Among the exhibits was a particularly impressive volcano created by a group of enthusiastic freshmen, and a sophisticated solar powered car designed by a team of seniors.
In the corner of the gymnasium, a slightly nervous but determined looking girl named Mei stood next to her project. She had spent weeks preparing for this event, working tirelessly on a device that could convert (使转变) thermal energy from the environment into electricity. Her invention was a small, compact box with a series of thermoelectric cells (热电元件) and a small fan to let heat out. Mei had named it “Eco Power”， and she hoped it would impress the judges and her peers.
As the first group of students approached her table, Mei took a deep breath and began to explain the workings of her invention. She was proud of her work, but the pressure of the science fair was starting to get to her. Her hands trembled slightly as she demonstrated how the device could power a small LED light using the heat from a warm cup of water.
The crowd around Mei's project grew, and she could feel the weight of their expectations. She noticed a few students whispering and pointing at her device, and she couldn't tell if they were impressed or skeptical. Mei's heart raced as she continued to answer questions and explain the scientific principles behind her invention.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
As the judges made their way through the gymnasium, Mei's anxiety reached its peak. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
When the awards ceremony began, Mei sat in the audience, with her hands tightly pressed together on the lap. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Mei (梅)为参加科学博览会做了数周的准备，博览会期间她在体育馆中展示了自己的Eco Power项目，科学博览会的裁判们对Mei的作品作何评价？Mei会获奖吗？
[精彩范文]
As the judges made their way through the gymnasium, Mei's anxiety reached its peak. When they finally reached her table, Mei took a deep breath and began to explain the concept of “Eco Power” once again. The lead judge, a woman with a kind smile, listened intently and asked several detailed questions about the efficiency and practical applications of her device. Mei answered with as much confidence as she could muster, her hands still trembling slightly. The judges nodded approvingly, and Mei felt a glimmer of hope as they moved on to the next project.
When the awards ceremony began, Mei sat in the audience, with her hands tightly pressed together on the lap. Her heart pounded as the announcer called out the winners for various categories. Each name that wasn't hers felt like a weighted push against her dreams. Finally, the announcement for the “Best Innovation” category echoed through the gym. “Eco Power by Mei！” rang out, prompting an eruption of applause. Stunned but elated, Mei rose from her seat, her earlier fears melting away, as she walked up to receive her award, knowing her hard work had paid off.
