高考科学复习解决方案 英语
一 背记单词
◎健康与医疗
1．tobacco n. 烟草；烟叶
2．alcohol n. 酒；酒精
3．abuse n．& vt. 滥用；虐待；辱骂
4．physical adj. 身体的；客观存在的；物理学的
5．examine vt. 检查；审查；测验
6．pill n. 药丸；药片
7．surgeon n. 外科医生
8．surgery n. 外科手术；外科学
9．cigarette n. 香烟；卷烟
10．specialist n. 专科医生；专家
11．consultant n. 顾问；高级顾问医师
12．drug n. 毒品；药物
13．dizzy adj. 头晕目眩的
14．flu n. 流感
15．dentist n. 牙科医生
16．sugary adj. 含糖的；甜的
17．nut n. 坚果
◎心理与行为
18．dominate vt.& vi. 支配；控制；占有优势
19．psychology n. 心理学；心理；心理影响
20．cue n. 提示；暗示 vt. 给(某人)暗示(或提示)
21．reward n. 回报；奖励；报酬 vt. 奖赏
22．rely vi. 依赖；依靠；信赖
23．negative adj. 消极的；有害的；否定的
24．pessimistic adj. 悲观的；悲观主义的
25．discipline n. 自制力；纪律 vt. 自我控制；管教
26．delete v. 删去
27．shave vi.，vt.& n. 剃(须发)；刮脸
28．disturb vt. 打扰；使烦恼
29．skip vt. 跳过 vi. 蹦蹦跳跳地走 n. 蹦跳
30．absorb vt. 吸引全部注意力
◎娱乐休闲
31．skateboard n. 滑板 vi. 滑滑板
32．bowling n. 保龄球运动
33．comedy n. 喜剧；滑稽节目
◎其他
34．repeatedly adv. 重复地
35．facilitate vt. 促进；促使；使便利
36．escalator n. 自动扶梯；滚梯
37．compose vt.& vi. 组成；作曲；撰写
38．liberation n. 解放；摆脱
39．beard n. 胡须；络腮胡子
40．stimulate vt. 激发；促进；刺激
41．dynamic adj. 充满活力的；动态的
42．monthly adv.& adj. 每月 n. 月刊
43．enhance vt. 提高
44．refresh vt. 使恢复精力
二 词形变化
1．physics n. 物理学→physical adj. 物理学的；身体的→physically adv. 身体上→physician n. 内科医生
2．repeat vt. 重复→repeated adj. 重复的→repeatedly adv. 重复地→repetition n. 重复
3．psychology n. 心理学→psychological adj. 心理的→psychologist n. 心理学家
4．reward n. 回报 vt. 奖励→rewarding adj. 有益的
5．rely vi. 依赖→reliable adj. 可信赖的
6．compose vt.& vi. 组成→composition n. 组成→composer n. 作曲家→component n. 组成部分
7．disturb vt. 打扰→disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的→disturbance n. 打扰
8．special adj. 特别的→specialist n. 专科医生→specially adv. 特别地→specialize vt. 专门研究
9．consult vt.& vi. 请教→consultant n. 顾问
10．sugar n. 糖→sugary adj. 含糖的
11．refresh vt. 使恢复精力→refreshing adj. 令人振奋的→refreshment n. 焕发精神
12．absorb vt. 吸引全部注意力→absorbed adj. 专心致志的→absorbing adj. 引人入胜的
1．You will be__rewarded with a Chinese dictionary for your rewarding suggestions on how to strengthen my confidence. (reward)
2．What made me annoyed was that the disturbing noise outside completely disturbed my mind. (disturb)
3．As his reliable friend, he relied on me to offer him some good advice.(rely)
4．Although I am absorbed in all the materials, I still have difficulty absorbing all at once. (absorb)
5．Don't consume so many sugary foods because too much sugar is harmful to our health.(sugar)
6．So she contacted his consultant at once to consult with him about this.(consult)
三 熟词生义
1.physical [熟义] adj. 物理学的，物理的；身体的
[生义] adj. 客观存在的
2.dominate [熟义] vt.& vi. 支配；控制
[生义] vt.& vi. 占有优势；(山、塔等)高耸于；俯视
3．discipline [熟义] n. 自制力；纪律
[生义] n. 学科；训练办法 vt. 自我控制；管教；处罚
4．compose [熟义] vt.& vi. 组成；构成
[生义] vt.& vi. 作曲；撰写
5．skip [熟义] vt. 跳过；略过
[生义] vt. 悄悄溜走；不做(应做的事)；不参加 vi. 蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳 n. 蹦跳
6．absorb [熟义] vt. 吸收
[生义] v. 吸引全部注意力；理解；承受
1．Mozart composed his last opera shortly before his death.
莫扎特去世前不久作曲了他的最后一部歌剧。
2．If you skip meals, you don't get enough calories, and then you feel tired.
如果你不吃饭，身体就不会获得足够的热量，你就会感到疲劳。
3．I've just been so busy studying and trying to absorb all the new things around.
我一直忙于学习，并试图理解身边所有的新事物。
4．Stress has an effect on both your physical and mental health.
压力对你的身心健康有影响。
5．The Acropolis dominates the city of Athens.
雅典的卫城高耸于雅典全城之上。
6．Figure zero is essential in various scientific disciplines.
数字零在各种科学学科中都是必不可少的。
小积累word families
1.－ly结尾的形容词 ①monthly 每月的 ②weekly 每周的 ③daily 每天的 ④lively 活泼的 ⑤lovely 可爱的 ⑥friendly 友好的 2.“促进，提升” ①facilitate ②enhance ③improve ④raise ⑤boost ⑥promote ⑦accelerate 3.常用过去分词作状语的短语 ①(be) stressed out 焦虑不安；心力交瘁 ②(be) lost in ... 陷入…… ③(be) caught in ... 被困于…… ④(be) buried in ... 埋头于…… ⑤(be) devoted to ... 致力于…… ⑥(be)__occupied__in__... 忙于…… ⑦(be)__absorbed__in__... 专心致志于……
一 词表短语
1．in__response__to 回答；答复
2．rely__on 依赖；依靠；信赖
3．straight__away 立即；马上
4．decide__on 决定；选定
5．make__up__one's__mind 下定决心
6．be__composed__of 由……组成(或构成)的
7．shave__off 剃掉；刮去
8．stressed__out 焦虑不安；心力交瘁
9．worn__out 筋疲力尽的；疲惫的
选用上面的短语填空
1．He shaved__off his beard for the first time in years, revealing a whole new look.
2．The constant pressure at work has left her feeling completely stressed__out．
3．After much deliberation (审议), the committee finally decided__on the most suitable candidate for the position.
4．It took her weeks to make__up__her__mind about whether to accept the job offer in another city.
5．Upon hearing the good news, she packed her bags and left for the airport straight__away．
6．After a long day of hiking, they were all feeling worn__out and ready for a good night's sleep.
7．In__response__to the customer's complaint, the manager offered a sincere apology and promised to address the issue immediately.
二 写作词块
1．make__one's__own__decision 自己做决定
2．physical__and__mental__health__problems 身心健康问题
3．facilitate__a__positive__change 促进积极的改变
4．break__bad__habits 改掉坏习惯
5．step by step__process 循序渐进的过程
6．stimulate__one's__motivation 激发某人的动力
7．a__beneficial__experience 一项有益的体验
8．personal__life__choices 个人的生活选择
9．adjust__one's__lifestyle 调整某人的生活方式
10．build__one's__endurance 增强某人的耐力
11．get__refreshed 感到精力充沛
12．change__oneself__for__the__better 让自己变得更好
1．(教材P14)如果任其发展，在他们长大成人后，这些不良习惯可能会导致更为严重的有害习惯。(if条件状语从句的省略)
These__bad__habits,__if__left__unchecked,__could__lead__to__more__serious__ones__when__they__become__adults.
2．(教材P15)正如中国哲学家老子所说：“千里之行，始于足下。”(as引导定语从句)
As__the__Chinese__philosopher__Laozi__wrote,__“A__journey__of__a__thousand__miles__begins__with__a__single__step.”
3．(教材P20)参加了你们举办的有关健康和生活方式选择的夏令营后，我意识到我几乎从来没有感觉好过，无论在身体上还是心理上。(either ... or ... “或者……或者……；要么……要么……”)
After__I__attended__your__summer__camp__about__health__and__lifestyle__choices,__I__realised__I__hardly__ever__felt__well,__either__physically__or__mentally.
4．(教材P20)攀岩使我精神焕发，与爸爸共度了更多的时光，而且结交了新的朋友。(get＋过去分词)
I__get__refreshed__through__climbing,__spend__more__time__with__my__dad,__and__get__to__meet__new__friends.
自主检测
一、重点单词
1．physics n. 物理学→physical adj. 身体的；客观存在的；物理学的→physically adv. 身体上；肉体上；根本上→physician n. 内科医生
2．repeat vt. 重复→repeated adj. 重复的→repeatedly adv. 重复地→repetition n. 重复
3．psychology n. 心理学；心理；心理影响→psychological adj. 心理(学)的→psychologist n. 心理学家
4．rely vi. 依赖；依靠；信赖→reliable adj. 可信赖的；可靠的
5．compose vt.& vi. 组成；作曲；撰写→composition n. 组成；作曲；作文→composer n. 作曲家→component n. 组成部分；零件
6．disturb vt. 打扰；搅乱；使烦恼→disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturbance n. 打扰；扰乱
7．special adj. 特别的；专门的→specialist n. 专科医生；专家→specially adv. 特别地；专门→specialize vt. 专门研究；专门从事
8．refresh vt. 使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新→refreshing adj. 令人振奋的→refreshment n. 焕发精神；恢复活力
9．absorb vt. 吸引全部注意力；吸收→absorbed adj. 专心致志的；全神贯注的→absorbing adj. 引人入胜的；吸引人的
拔高词汇— 高分必备
1.subscribe/s b'skraIb/v. 订阅；定期捐款 2．establish/I'st blI /v. 建立，确立 3．incurable/In'kj r bl/adj. 不能治愈的 4．obesity/ 'bi s ti/n. 过度肥胖，肥胖症 5.nutrition/nju'trI n/n. 营养，营养的补给 6．preventive/prI'ventIv/adj. 预防性的，防备的 7．therapy/'θer pi/n. 治疗，疗法 8．workout/'w ka t/n. 锻炼
二、重点语块
In__response__to (为了应对) the growing concerns about physical__and__mental__health__problems (身心健康问题), John decided it was time to make some changes in his life. He realized he couldn't continue to rely__on (依靠；依赖) unhealthy habits and immediate satisfaction. Instead, he made__up__his__mind (下定决心) straight__away (马上) to adopt a healthier lifestyle. One of the first things he decided__on (决定；选定) was to shave__off (剃掉) his beard, as he felt it would make him look and feel more refreshed. As he progressed, he noticed that making small, consistent changes was helping him feel less stressed__out (焦虑不安) and less worn__out (筋疲力尽的). His new routine, composed__of (由……组成) regular exercise, balanced diet, and sufficient rest, was__gradually__facilitating__a__positive__change (逐渐地促进积极的改变) in his overall well being.
三、重点句式
1．如果对讲座感兴趣，请提前进入学校礼堂，并在讲座期间保持安静。(if引导的条件状语从句的省略)
If__interested__in__the__lecture,__please enter the school hall ahead of time and keep quiet during the lecture.
2．意识到定期锻炼的重要性后，丹尼决定开始每天跑步，以保持健康和体态。(get＋过去分词)
Having realized the importance of regular exercise, Danny decided to get__started__on__a__daily__running__routine__to__get__fit__and__stay__healthy．
四、写作佳句
1．【教材P14】有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的著名谚语说道：“重复的行为造就了我们。”
There__is__a__famous__saying__based__on__the__philosophy__of__Aristotle:__“We__are__what__we__repeatedly__do.”
2．【教材P15】想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向转化，我们必须首先审视自己的坏习惯循环，然后尽力去调整。
To__facilitate__a__positive__change__in__our__bad__habits,__we__must__first__examine__our__bad__habit__cycles__and__then__try__to__adapt__them.
3．【教材P15】正如中国哲学家老子所写，“千里之行，始于足下。”
As__the__Chinese__philosopher__LaoZi__wrote,__“A__journey__of__a__thousand__miles__begins__with__a__single__step.”
4．【教材P20】正如甘地所说，“欲变世界，先变其身。”
As__Gandhi__said,__“Be__the__change__you__want__to__see__in__the__world.”
硬核考点
考点1 dominate vt.& vi. 支配；控制；占有优势 dominate the passion 控制感情 dominate the situation 控制形势 dominate the best seller lists 占据畅销书榜首
1.The movie was about a group of robots set on world domination (dominate)．
2．Perhaps even earlier, there had emerged on the steppes of Inner Eurasia the distinctive types of pastoralism that were to dominate__the__region's__history__for__several__millennia (主导了该地区几千年的历史).
3．他那武断专横的母亲令他苦不堪言。
He suffered from an__oppressively__dominant__mother．
4．焦虑的感觉开始弥漫整个房间，渗透到每个角落，像一团浓厚、令人窒息的雾一样包裹着每个人的思绪。(写作佳句)
The__feeling__of__anxiety__began__to__dominate__the__room,__seeping into every corner and wrapping around each person's thoughts like a thick, suffocating fog.
考点2 reward n. 回报；奖励；报酬 vt. 奖励；奖赏；给以报酬 in reward (for ...) 作为(对……的)报答 as a reward (for ...) 作为(对……的)酬谢 reward sb with ... 用……回报某人 be rewarded with ... 得到……/获得……报答
1.He received a medal in reward for his bravery.
2．Please come and join us! I bet you will find the activity rewarding (reward) and fulfilling!
3．If they are admitted/accepted/adopted, you will be__rewarded__with__a__certificate (得到证书) and a certain amount of prize money. (写作佳句)
4．上个月，我参加了一个社区服务项目，这被证明是一次真正有益的经历。(非限制性定语从句)(写作佳句)
Last__month__I__took__part__in__a__community__service__project,__which__proved__to__be__a__truly__rewarding__experience.
考点3 rely vi. 依赖；依靠；信赖 rely on/upon 依赖；依靠；信赖 rely on sb/sth to do sth 指望/相信某人/某物会做某事 rely on it that ... 相信……；指望…… 同义短语：depend on＝count on 依靠；依赖
1.Many students now rely on/upon the Internet for information.
2．Bernard made up his mind to follow their examples to be a reliable (rely) person whom others can rely on for help.
3．有一个像莎拉这样可靠的朋友在我身边，让我更容易应对新学校的挑战。(写作佳句)
Having__a__reliable__friend__like__Sarah__by__my__side made navigating through the challenges of the new school much easier.
4．当面临困难时，你最好不要总是指望别人会帮助你。
When facing difficulties, you had better not always rely__on__it__that__others__will__help__you__out．
＝When facing difficulties, you had better not always rely__on__others__to__help__you__out.
考点4 compose vt.& vi. 组成；作曲；撰写 compose a novel/a piece of music 创作小说/作曲 同义短语：be composed of＝be made up of＝consist of＝be comprised of 由……组成
1.To understand a painting, we're taught to look for color, composition (compose), and light.
2．This man deserves his fame as one of the most popular composers (compose) in Western musical history.
3．我强烈建议我们的英语电影欣赏课程由欣赏电影、讨论精彩台词和给电影配音组成。(写作佳句)
I strongly suggest that our English film appreciation course (should)__be__composed__of/be__made__up__of/be__comprised__of/consist__of__enjoying__the__film,__talking__about__wonderful__movie__lines__and__dubbing．
【外研版必修第二册写作佳句】
It can be quite stressful at times, though, which in turn makes me feel anxious. To help deal with this, I go running as often as I possibly can.
然而，有时候工作的压力是非常大的，这也相应地会让我感到焦虑。为了缓解焦虑，我会尽可能多地去跑步。
考点5 refresh vt. 使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新 refresh oneself/one's mind 提神醒脑；使自己恢复精神 refresh one's memory 唤醒某人的记忆，使某人重新想起 get refreshed 恢复活力
1.Practising this kind of Qigong can also result in clear vision and refreshment (refresh)．
2．During an interview, you need to confidently present your best self, such as dressing appropriately, looking refreshed (refresh) and wearing a genuine smile.(写作佳句)
3．While waiting for the traffic lights, I rolled down the window, getting some air in to refresh__my__mind/refresh__myself (提神) since I had stayed up late last night for the important appointment today.
4．游泳有益于你的心肺，使你每天精力充沛，精神焕发。(非限制性定语从句)(写作佳句)
Swimming__is__beneficial__to/contributes__to__your__heart__and__lungs,__which__can__make__you__energetic__and__refreshed__every__day.
考点6 make up one's mind 下定决心 change one's mind 改变主意 bear/keep ... in mind＝bear/keep in mind that ... 将……记在心中 come into/enter one's mind 进入某人的脑海 fix one's mind on/upon ... 全神贯注于…… flash through/cross one's mind 在脑海中闪过
1.First of all, keep/bear__in__mind__that (记住) you had better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the appointed time.(写作佳句)
2．Every time the memory of the Halloween crossed/flashed__through__my__mind (掠过我的心头), I laughed myself to death.
3．A thousand reasons came__into/entered__my__mind (进入了我的脑海)．
4．听到我的话后，他终于下定决心要参加比赛，我催促他赶紧去起跑线。(写作佳句)
Hearing__my__words,__he__finally__made__up__his__mind__to__participate__in__the__competition__and__I__urged__him__to__go__to__the__starting__line.
考点7 either ... or ... 或者……或者…… either ... or ... 可连接并列的主语、宾语、谓语、表语等。连接并列主语时，谓语的数与靠近它的主语一致。 遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词： neither ... nor ... 既不……也不…… not ... but ... 不是……而是…… not only ... but (also) ... 不但……而且……
1.Either the students or he is (be) to perform the experiment that is due tomorrow.
2．Neither the teacher nor the students are (be) happy with the new schedule.
3．我不知道下一步该做什么，我可以冒险沿着那条神秘的路走下去，也可以安全地回到熟悉的村庄。(either ... or ...)
I wasn't sure what to do next. I could either__take__the__risk__and__follow__the__mysterious__path__or__return__to__the__familiar__village__safely．
4．我的父母和我都讲一口流利的英语，这使我们能与外宾顺利交流。(not only ... but (also) ...)(写作佳句)
Not__only__my__parents__but__(also)__I__speak__English__fluently,__making__us__communicate__with__foreign__guests__smoothly.
【北师版必修第一册写作佳句】
As people often say, any exercise is better than none, but long－distance running in particular has a lot of benefits.
正如人们常说的，运动总比不运动好，特别是长跑有很多益处。
强化训练
一、单句语法填空
1．Through the rewarding (reward) ceremony, we are aware that we should study harder in reward for the patient instructions of our parents and teachers.
2．When we are depressed or stressed (stress) out, home is always a shelter for us to have a rest.
3．In response to the audience's great demand, the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week.
4．Hungry and worn (wear) out, he lay down on the ground, wondering what to do next.
5．You'd better avoid drinking too much sugary (sugar) drinks because they are bad for your health.
6．Aiming (aim) to promote the students' social responsibility and foster their all around development, the Student Union is appealing to students to join in a series of initiatives specially intended to observe the Youth Day.
7．We are required to routinely keep a balanced diet so that we can feel energetic and get refreshed (refresh)．
8．Absorbed (absorb) in her work, she noticed nothing and even skipped her meal.
9．The boat was dashed repeatedly (repeat) against the rocks.
10．My breakfast is composed of bread, jam and milk.
二、熟词生义
1．She decided to skip the afternoon's class.不参加
2．It is a physical impossibility to be in two places at once.客观存在的
3．Did you absorb everything the professor said？理解
4．I composed my lectures on the way, and that was all the thinking time I had.撰写
5．Yoga is a good discipline for learning to relax.训练方法
三、构词法
词缀 含义 例词
ant 一是名词后缀，表示……的人或物 二是形容词后缀，表示是……的；做……的 consultant,__accountant, assistant, applicant, immigrant, merchant, servant, giant, abundant, constant, attractant, pollutant, contestant, accordant
写出下列黑体词的含义
1．The accountant carefully reviewed the company's financial statements to ensure accuracy and compliance with tax laws.会计
2．The immigrant community in the city contributes significantly to its cultural diversity and economic growth. 移民
3．The region is blessed with abundant natural resources, including fertile land and rich minerals.大量的；充足的
4．Despite the challenges, she maintained a constant focus on her goals and never gave up.持续的；不断的
5．The city's vibrant nightlife and cultural attractions are major attractants for tourists from around the world.吸引物
6．The factory was fined for releasing harmful pollutants into the river, causing damage to the local ecosystem.污染物
四、补全句子
1．为了增强体质，上周一上午，红星中学的学生参加了由学生会组织的登山活动。(aim)
Aiming__to__build__up__strength/Aimed__at__building__up__strength/With__the__aim__of__building__up__strength,__students from HongXing Middle School participated in a mountain climbing activity organized by the Student Union last Monday morning.
2．这是我第一次参加学校的年度科学博览会，我非常享受这个让我展示我的项目并向同龄人学习的机会。(It is/was the first time that ...)
It__is__the__first__time__that__I__have__participated__in__the__school's__annual__science__fair,__and I am thoroughly enjoying the opportunity to showcase my project and learn from my peers.
3．在一整天的学习之后，打篮球可以提神醒脑，从而缓解压力，提高学习效率。(refresh)(写作佳句)
Playing__basketball__after__a__whole__day's__study__can__refresh__our__mind,__thus relieving stress and enhancing learning efficiency.
4．他眼中满是感激的泪水，坚持给我们一大笔钱来酬谢我们的帮助。(reward)
With grateful tears hanging in his eyes, he insisted__on__rewarding__us__with__a__lot__of__money__for__helping__him．
5．突然，一个可怕的念头出现在我的脑海里，我感觉体内的血液迅速凝固起来。(mind)
Suddenly, a__terrible__thought__entered/came__into__my__mind and I felt that the blood in my body froze rapidly.
6．如果获得在会议上发言的机会，约翰会提出一些创新的想法。(if条件句的省略)
If__given__the__opportunity__to__speak__at__the__conference,__John would present some groundbreaking ideas.
五、长难句分析
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad.
句意：此外，在同一栋建筑内拥有种植和食用系统，意味着从土壤到沙拉的过程中，植物运输的排放量为零。
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句子主干是having__a__system__means__zero__emissions__(排放)；having a system为动名词短语作主语；where引导定语从句，修饰先行词building。
读写用—素养提升
一、深化阅读——明晰考向 以阅读养阅读
(2023·全国乙卷)If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can't. The clearest example of this between literate and non－literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non－literate societies such as these, all our first－hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation,__we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事范畴以更好地理解历史的重要性。
32．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．How past events should be presented.
B．What humanity is concerned about.
C．Whether facts speak louder than words.
D．Why written language is reliable.
答案：A
解析：段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知，如果要讲述一段不偏不倚的历史，不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界历史只有一部分曾经有过文本，而且文字出现较晚，即便直到最近，许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物品来记录重要的事件。由此可总结出，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现。故选A。
33．What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A．His report was scientific.
B．He represented the local people.
C．He ruled over Botany Bay.
D．His record was one－sided.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“From the English side ... his first experience of gunshot. (在英国方面，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子第一次经历枪击后在搏斗中落下的。)”可推知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的。故选D。
34．What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Problem. B．History.
C．Voice. D．Society.
答案：B
解析：指代判断题。根据画线词上文“a history told through things ... only one half of a dialogue”并结合画线词所在句可知，读文本只能了解历史的一半，如果想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读物品。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。
35．Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A．How Maps Tell Stories of the World.
B．A Short History of Australia.
C．A History of the World in 100 Objects.
D．How Art Works Tell Stories.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“If you want to tell the history ... for most of the time, has not.”并结合最后一段中的“If we are to find the other ... but the objects.”可知，文章主要论述了要从物品中理解历史，由此可推知，文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。
主旨大意类——总结段落大意
1．做到首尾兼顾，把握好段落的组织顺序，是总分式、分总式、总分总式还是无主题句式。
2．说明文和议论文中的主题句常在段首；如果先表述细节，后归纳概括，段落主题句在段尾，常出现在总结性的“信号词”后，如in summary, in a word, in short, in conclusion等。
3．没有明显段落主题句时，需要总结概括。
二、读后续写——必备微技能
高品素材 人物体型
1．优美的身段：a graceful figure 2.匀称的身材：a shapely figure 3．梨形身材：pear－shaped figure 4.身材魁梧的人：a well built man 5．发育良好的身体：a well developed figure 6.形体很好：have a good figure 7．改善形体：improve one's figure 8.沙漏型身材：hourglass figure 9．中等身材：an average build 10.苹果型身材：apple body shape 11．宽肩膀：broad shoulders 12.浑圆的身体：round body 13．扁平的身体：flat body 14.肌肉发达的体型：muscular build 15．啤酒肚：beer belly 16.魔鬼身材：killer body 17．匀称的体型：even body shape 18.苗条的体型：slim figure 19．瘦削的体型：lean/skinny body 20.圆滚滚的外貌(多指小孩)：chubby appearance 21．显露出她优美的身段：show off her lovely figure 22．仪表堂堂：an imposing/a dashing/a handsome/a striking figure
高效课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读
A
(2025·福建省莆田市第二十五中学高三期中)Food vlogger Julia Pacheco undertook an ambitious challenge to see if she could sustain herself on just $10 for an entire week, covering all meals from breakfast to dinner. The aim was not only to test the feasibility (可行性) of such a tight budget but also to explore how it would affect her overall well being by the end of the week.
Julia's journey began with a strategic shopping trip to Walmart, where she carefully selected key ingredients to maximize both her budget and nutritional intake. This initial phase set the tone for the week, showcasing the importance of planning in budget friendly eating.
Julia's grocery list included affordable staples (主食) like pasta, brown rice, mixed vegetables, bread, lentils, pinto beans, and some fresh produce such as apples, tomatoes, onions, and garlic. These items were chosen for their versatility (多用途) and nutritional value. The total cost of these groceries perfectly hit the $10 mark, setting the stage for a week of simple yet thoughtful meal planning. This careful selection was crucial as it laid the foundation for her entire week's living.
For the first five days, the mum's breakfast routine consisted of oatmeal flavoured with apple. This choice was not only cost effective but also provided a warm, hearty start to her day. On the last two days, Julia switched things up by having boiled eggs on toast, adding variety within budget. These breakfast options demonstrated that even on a tight budget, one could enjoy a wholesome and satisfying start to the day.
By cooking large portions and storing them for later, she minimized waste and ensured she always had a meal ready, reducing the desire to snack unnecessarily. This approach also highlighted the importance of planning and preparation when working with a limited budget.
Throughout the week, she felt full and content, proving that it's possible to maintain a healthy diet even on a tight budget. Julia's experience showed the potential to eat well with limited financial resources.
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了美食博主Julia Pacheco (朱丽娅·帕切科)通过个人经历证明了在有限预算下也能保持健康饮食。
1．Why did Julia undertake the $10 challenge
A．To see if she could survive on a strict budget.
B．To develop budget friendly eating habits.
C．To test the quality of food at Walmart.
D．To promote a new way of living.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Food vlogger Julia Pacheco ... from breakfast to dinner.”可知，Julia接受10美元的挑战，目的是看看她能否在严格的预算下生存下来。故选A。
2．What can we know about the grocery list that Julia chose
A．It fitted her budget and nutrition.
B．It was full of her favourite staples.
C．It was too complicated.
D．It was out of a random choice.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Julia's journey began ... and nutritional intake.”可知，Julia选择的购物清单符合她的预算和营养需求。故选A。
3．How did Julia manage to reduce waste during her challenge
A．By skipping breakfast.
B．By preparing less staples.
C．By cooking more food each time.
D．By snacking unnecessarily.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“By cooking large portions ... to snack unnecessarily.”可知，通过每次烹饪更多的食物，Julia成功地减少了浪费。故选C。
4．How was Julia's overall experience during the challenge
A．She struggled with her budget.
B．She found it tough to continue.
C．She ate well and felt satisfied.
D．She suffered hunger sometimes.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Throughout the week ... even on a tight budget.”可推知，在整个挑战过程中，Julia吃得很好，感觉很满足。故选C。
B
(2025·云南省昆明市一中高三第二次联考)The obesity (肥胖) rate in the United States is now over 40 percent, and other countries are dealing with the problem as well. In fact, research has linked the problem of obesity with heart disease, mental conditions and even some cancers. So it's no wonder that almost any discussion on health includes the topic of weight control.
According to healthcare professionals, eating a healthy diet and practicing weight control significantly reduces the risk of serious health problems. However, countless false claims and misinformation about weight loss fail to address the obesity issues. Methods promising quick weight loss aren't healthy. Fortunately, trusted health specialists provide people with healthy ways to maintain a proper weight. They noted that healthy diets rich in nutrients, vitamins and minerals certainly top the list, but eating healthily isn't the whole story.
Another essential aspect of weight control is exercise. People who exercise not only burn calories but also build muscle. You don't have to spend hours at the gym to make that happen. Activities like walking, biking or swimming can make a difference in your weight and overall health. Just exercise consistently so it becomes a habit.
In addition to a healthy diet and exercise, it's essential to make lifestyle changes that support weight control. One significant lifestyle factor that contributes to weight gain is stress. Stress causes the body to release hormones (激素) that can lead to overeating. Therefore, finding healthy ways to manage stress can be beneficial as they help you maintain a healthy weight. For example, simple breathing exercises and morning stretches help regulate anxiety and depression. Regular exercise helps manage stress, too.
Another factor that contributes to weight gain is lack of sleep. Sleep is essential, and studies have shown that an insufficient amount of sleep can contribute to weight gain. Aim for at least seven to eight hours of sleep each night to help your body maintain a healthy weight.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了肥胖的危害及控制体重的几点建议。
5．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．The effects of overweight.
B．The necessity of weight control.
C．The obesity rate in the USA.
D．The efforts to deal with obesity.
答案：B
解析：段落大意题。根据第一段(美国的肥胖率现在超过了40%，其他国家也在应对这个问题。事实上，研究已经将肥胖问题与心脏病、精神疾病甚至某些癌症联系起来。因此，几乎所有关于健康的讨论都包含体重控制的话题也就不足为奇了。)可知，本段主要论述了控制体重的必要性。故选B。
6．Which of the following is a view of the health experts
A．Quick weight loss increases the risk of serious diseases.
B．Eating healthily alone will not address the issue of obesity.
C．False information about weight loss can rarely be identified.
D．Nutrients, vitamins and minerals guarantee effective weight loss.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fortunately, trusted health specialists ... isn't the whole story.”可知，健康专家会认为仅靠健康饮食并不能解决肥胖问题。故选B。
7．What can we learn about excising for weight control
A．Seeking professional guidance is a must.
B．Excising at a gym doesn't pay off.
C．Burning calories outweighs building muscle.
D．Informal workout done regularly matters.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Activities like walking ... becomes a habit.”可知，走路、骑车或游泳等锻炼，只要形成了习惯，对体重控制和整体健康也能起到作用。由此可推知，定期进行非正式锻炼很重要。故选D。
8．Why does stress contribute to weight gain
A．It fuels our appetites.
B．It changes our lifestyles.
C．It weakens sleep quality.
D．It prevents daily exercise.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“One significant lifestyle ... lead to overeating.”可知，压力使身体产生一种导致过度饮食的激素，促进食欲进而使得体重增加。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025· 河南省部分学校高三大联考)On a wet and windy Wednesday morning in January, my husband and daughter slept soundly in warm beds. I found myself running up hills, __1__ for my biggest challenge—an ultramarathon. I'm doing this to raise money for Mental Health Mates, the walking network that I __2__ eight years ago.
I had obsessive compulsive disorder (强迫症) since childhood. Like physical illnesses, most mental illnesses are treatable if caught early—but they __3__ are. The lack of __4__ landed me in suffering, making my illness __5__. Since my daughter was born a decade ago, I have made it my life's work to try and make sure she won't grow up in a world where mental illnesses are __6__.
Mental Health Mates was part of this __7__. Forcing myself out of the house one January day in 2016 for a run, I __8__ why there weren't any exercise initiatives for people with mental health issues. I put a post out to see if anyone wanted to come for a __9__ on Valentine's Day. Surprisingly, 20 people __10__. I did another one the following weekend, and then another.
It was __11__ Mental Health Mates, and the friends I made through it, that I had the __12__ to start training for my first marathon. In reality, I'm more interested in the superhuman tales of the people getting out there not to train their bodies, but their __13__.
My mental illness recovered, largely because of the __14__ I discovered while moving forward. Although I still have bad days, I know they will __15__．
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者创立“Mental Health Mates”组织并积极参与锻炼，这不仅改善了自己的心理健康问题，还鼓励了其他有心理健康问题的人参与锻炼，从而提高了对人们心理健康的重视和关注。
1．A.preparing B．standing
C．competing D．hoping
答案：A
解析：句意：我发现自己在爬山，为我最大的挑战——超级马拉松做准备。prepare准备；stand站立；compete竞争；hope希望。故选A。
2．A.discovered B．reported
C．launched D．anticipated
答案：C
解析：句意：我这样做是为了给Mental Health Mates筹集资金，这是我八年前创办的步行网络。discover发现；report报告；launch发起，创立；anticipate预期，预料。故选C。
3．A.mostly B．really
C．absolutely D．barely
答案：D
解析：句意：像身体疾病一样，大多数精神疾病如果发现得早是可以治疗的——但它们几乎不会被早发现。mostly主要地，大部分地；really真正地，确实地；absolutely绝对地；barely几乎不。故选D。
4．A.training B．treatment
C．rescue D．consideration
答案：B
解析：句意：缺乏治疗使我痛苦不堪，使我的病更严重了。training训练；treatment治疗；rescue救援；consideration考虑。故选B。
5．A.worse B．more special
C．rarer D．more curable
答案：A
解析：worse更糟的；more special更特别的；rarer更稀有的；more curable更可治愈的。根据前文“The lack of __4__ landed me in suffering”可知，由于缺乏治疗，作者的病更严重了。故选A。
6．A.addressed B．prevented
C．tracked D．ignored
答案：D
解析：address致辞；处理；prevent阻止；track追踪；ignore忽视。根据前文“Since my daughter was born ... in a world”可知，自从作者的女儿出生后，作者一直致力于让自己的女儿生活在精神疾病不再被忽视的世界中，因此作者创建了Mental Health Mates。故选D。
7．A.adventure B．achievement
C．attempt D．announcement
答案：C
解析：句意：Mental Health Mates是这一尝试的一部分。adventure冒险；achievement成就；attempt尝试；announcement公告。故选C。
8．A.wondered B．decided
C．argued D．realized
答案：A
解析：wonder想知道；decide决定；argue争论；realize意识到。根据后文“why there weren't ... with mental health issues”可知，作者想知道为什么没有任何针对有心理健康问题的人的锻炼计划。故选A。
9．A.chat B．debate
C．walk D．ride
答案：C
解析：chat聊天；debate辩论；walk走路；ride骑行。根据前文“I'm doing this ... the walking network”可知，作者创建的Mental Health Mates是针对有心理健康问题的人的锻炼计划，该项目与走路有关。故选C。
10．A.gave up B．showed up
C．woke up D．stood up
答案：B
解析：give up放弃；show up出现；wake up醒来；stand up站起来。根据前文“I put a post ... on Valentine's Day.”可知，作者发帖得到了他人的回应，令作者惊讶的是，刚开始来了20个人，即20个人出现了。故选B。
11．A.thanks to B．as for
C．apart from D．instead of
答案：A
解析：thanks to多亏，由于；as for至于；apart from除了；instead of代替。根据后文“to start training for my first marathon”可知，多亏了“Mental Health Mates”，作者开启了第一次马拉松训练。故选A。
12．A.wisdom B．courage
C．freedom D．secret
答案：B
解析：wisdom智慧；courage勇气；freedom自由；secret秘密。根据后文“to start training for my first marathon”可知，多亏了“Mental Health Mates”作者才有勇气开始自己的第一次马拉松训练。故选B。
13．A.skills B．patience
C．knowledge D．minds
答案：D
解析：skill技能；patience耐心；knowledge知识；mind头脑，想法。根据前文“I'm more interested ... not to train their bodies”可知，作者更感兴趣的是那些到外面去锻炼心智而非身体的人的非凡故事。故选D。
14．A.cause B．opportunity
C．truth D．tendency
答案：C
解析：cause原因；opportunity机会；truth真相；tendency趋势。根据前文“I had the __12__ to start training for my first marathon”和“My mental illness recovered”可推知，作者的精神疾病之所以痊愈了，是因为作者在不断前进中发现了精神疾病的真相——缺乏勇气。故选C。
15．A.come B．lift
C．last D．permit
答案：B
解析：come来；lift消散；last持续；permit允许。根据前文“Although I still have bad days”可知，前后文构成了让步关系，即虽然作者仍然有糟糕的日子，但作者相信它们会过去。故选B。
聚焦写作 一箭三雕
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2025·湖北省沙市中学高三月考)Hutongs are narrow alleys or lanes that are characteristic of Beijing, representing a unique aspect of Chinese culture. __1__ (date) back to the Yuan Dynasty, these traditional neighborhoods are known for their __2__ (distinction) architectural style and communal living. Walking through a hutong, one can see ancient courtyard houses, __3__ provide a glimpse into the daily lives of the residents.
The atmosphere in hutongs is lively and vibrant. Local shops and street vendors often line the streets, offering everything from traditional snacks to handmade crafts. This creates __4__ strong sense of community, as neighbors often gather to chat and share stories. The cultural significance of hutongs __5__ (extend) beyond just architecture; they are also places where traditions are preserved.
However, hutongs face challenges due to urbanization. Many have been demolished to make way for modern buildings, threatening the __6__ (preserve) of this cultural heritage. Efforts __7__ (make) to protect these historic areas recently, as they are of vital importance for understanding Beijing's history and culture.
In conclusion, hutong culture offers a fascinating insight __8__ the past and present of Beijing. It is essential __9__ (cherish) these unique neighborhoods, as they represent a way of life that is rich in history and community spirit. By doing so, we ensure that future __10__ (generation) can appreciate the beauty and significance of hutong culture.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了胡同文化及其意义和胡同所面临的挑战。
1．答案：dating
解析：考查非谓语动词。date back to与其逻辑主语these traditional neighborhoods之间为主动关系，应用现在分词短语作状语。故填dating。
2．答案：distinctive
解析：考查词性转换。此处应用形容词distinctive“独特的”，作定语，修饰名词style。故填distinctive。
3．答案：which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。此处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词为courtyard houses，指物，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
4．答案：a
解析：考查冠词。句意：这创造了一种强烈的社区意识，因为邻居们经常聚在一起聊天和分享故事。此处为固定短语a sense of意为“一种……感”，且strong的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
5．答案：extends
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：胡同的文化意义不仅仅局限于建筑；它们也是传统得以保存的地方。此处陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时；主语The cultural significance为单数。故填extends。
6．答案：preservation
解析：考查词性转换。此处应用名词作宾语，preservation意为“保护”，为不可数名词。故填preservation。
7．答案：have been made
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语recently可知，此处应用现在完成时，Efforts与make之间为被动关系，且主语为复数。故填have been made。
8．答案：into
解析：考查介词。句意：总之，胡同文化为了解北京的过去和现在提供了一个迷人的视角。an insight into ... 意为“深入了解……”，为固定搭配。故填into。
9．答案：to cherish
解析：考查非谓语动词。“It is＋adj.＋to do sth”为固定句型，其中It作形式主语，此处应用动词不定式作真正的主语。故填to cherish。
10．答案：generations
解析：考查名词。generation为可数名词，设空前无限定词，此处应用名词复数表示泛指。故填generations。
Ⅱ.应用文写作
(2025·陕西省西安中学高三第二次质量检测)请你写一篇短文向校英文报“Mental Health”栏目投稿，向同学们推荐一种调节情绪的方法。内容包括：
1．介绍这种方法；
2.说明推荐的理由。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[精彩范文]
Control Your Emotion and Be Mentally Healthy
I highly recommend the practice of mindfulness meditation as a powerful tool which is used for regulating emotions. This method involves concentrating one's attention on the present moment, observing thoughts and feelings without judgment.
By engaging in mindfulness meditation, we can obtain a deeper understanding of our emotional states, learn to accept them, and eventually, control them. This not only strengthens our mental well being but also improves our ability to handle stress and challenges effectively. Try it, and you'll find yourself more emotionally balanced and resilient.
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·海南省琼海市嘉积中学高三检测)In a house far from the city lived John and his mother. John's only hobby was wandering in the nearby picturesque forest. In its center was a shiny clear lake with schools of fish dancing in it. Lovely animals such as deer or rabbits were playing around and cute birds were singing in trees. Fascinated by the beauty and liveliness of nature, he desired to become a great artist and present all the breath taking scenes to the world.
John studied in the local primary school. Life was not easy for John and his mom after his father died. Knowing what hard work his mother did to make ends meet, John really didn't want his mother to worry. His mother knew the significance of education in life but she was against his dream of becoming an artist. “The profession of artist can't aid a person in meeting his daily expenses，” she would say. But as each day passed, John's dream became more passionate.
Due to the living circumstances, even buying some new colors would be a luxury. John only used the worn drawing file and limited colors for his daily practice. Though lacking fine painting materials, he never gave up drawing. He spent a significant amount of time staying in the forest, secretly perfecting his craft. With continuous hard work and a distinct gift for art, he drew beautifully.
One day John read about a competition being held in the town, whose deadline was only two days away. He got the perfect opportunity to fulfill his desire but he was in a dilemma (两难境地) as for the competition he needed special paints and some brushes. He didn't have the courage to ask his mother for money as he knew her prejudice against art.
That evening his mom returned from work and handed him a few paper notes, saying, “This is for your lunch at school next month.” The money was enough for his desired materials! John's face lit up.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Early the next morning, John secretly left home with the money. A week later, a phone call came to John's home.
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了家境贫寒的John (约翰)喜欢画画，他想成为艺术家的梦想并没有得到母亲的支持。得知镇上正在举行绘画比赛，John会用妈妈给他的钱做什么？为什么会有电话打到John家？
[精彩范文]
Early the next morning, John secretly left home with the money. Hastily, he bought paper and paints for painting, and then dashed to the competition. After signing up for it, he was given the task. It was his time. He was deeply absorbed in his work, forgetting everything around him. After finishing his task, he went home, with birds singing for him. Every day, he looked forward to the result happily and anxiously, though he felt hungry. It seemed that the time stopped.
A week later, a phone call came to John's home. Hearing what the man said, his mother felt puzzled, not knowing how his son had done it, because she knew it needed money. As soon as John arrived home, his mother told him the news, and waited for his explanation. Knowing the truth, her eyes welled up with tears. Hugging her son tightly, she apologized to him. But he was happy, not only because he had got the perfect opportunity to fulfill his desire, but also he was awarded a lot of money because of his work.
8(共111张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
第一编 教材复习
选择性必修第三册
UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
单元话题 语法 写作
健康的生活方式 动词不定式作主语 给编辑写一封信
教材深挖
高效课时作业
目录
CONTENTS
2
3
高效晨背
1
高效晨背
一 背记单词
◎健康与医疗
1．tobacco n. ________________
2．alcohol n. ________________
3．________ n．& vt. 滥用；虐待；辱骂
4．________ adj. 身体的；客观存在的；物理学的
5．________ vt. 检查；审查；测验
6．pill n. ________________
7．surgeon n. ________________
烟草；烟叶
酒；酒精
abuse
physical
examine
药丸；药片
外科医生
8．surgery n. __________________
9．cigarette n. ________________
10．specialist n. ________________
11．consultant n. ___________________
12．drug n. ________________
13．dizzy adj. ________________
14．flu n. ________________
15．dentist n. ________________
16．sugary adj. ________________
17．nut n. ________________
外科手术；外科学
香烟；卷烟
专科医生；专家
顾问；高级顾问医师
毒品；药物
头晕目眩的
流感
牙科医生
含糖的；甜的
坚果
◎心理与行为
18．________ vt.& vi. 支配；控制；占有优势
19．psychology n. _________________________
20．________ n. 提示；暗示 vt. 给(某人)暗示(或提示)
21．________ n. 回报；奖励；报酬 vt. 奖赏
22．________ vi. 依赖；依靠；信赖
23．________ adj. 消极的；有害的；否定的
24．pessimistic adj. ________________
25．________ n. 自制力；纪律 vt. 自我控制；管教
dominate
心理学；心理；心理影响
cue
reward
rely
negative
悲观的；悲观主义的
discipline
26．________ v. 删去
27．________ vi.，vt.& n. 剃(须发)；刮脸
28．________ vt. 打扰；使烦恼
29．________ vt. 跳过 vi. 蹦蹦跳跳地走 n. 蹦跳
30．________ vt. 吸引全部注意力
◎娱乐休闲
31．_________ n. 滑板 vi. 滑滑板
32．________ n. 保龄球运动
33．________ n. 喜剧；滑稽节目
delete
shave
disturb
skip
absorb
skateboard
bowling
comedy
◎其他
34．_________ adv. 重复地
35．________ vt. 促进；促使；使便利
36．escalator n. ________________
37．compose vt.& vi. __________________
38．liberation n. ________________
39．beard n. ________________
40．________ vt. 激发；促进；刺激
41．________ adj. 充满活力的；动态的
42．________ adv.& adj. 每月 n. 月刊
43．________ vt. 提高
44．________ vt. 使恢复精力
repeatedly
facilitate
自动扶梯；滚梯
组成；作曲；撰写
解放；摆脱
胡须；络腮胡子
stimulate
dynamic
monthly
enhance
refresh
二 词形变化
1.physics n. 物理学→________ adj. 物理学的；身体的→__________ adv. 身体上→__________ n. 内科医生
2．repeat vt. 重复→________ adj. 重复的→_________ adv. 重复地→________ n. 重复
3．psychology n. 心理学→______________ adj. 心理的→____________ n. 心理学家
4．reward n. 回报 vt. 奖励→__________ adj. 有益的
5．rely vi. 依赖→________ adj. 可信赖的
physical
physically
physician
repeated
repeatedly
repetition
psychological
psychologist
rewarding
reliable
6．compose vt.& vi. 组成→__________ n. 组成→__________ n. 作曲家→____________ n. 组成部分
7．disturb vt. 打扰→__________ adj. 引起烦恼的→__________ n. 打扰
8．special adj. 特别的→________ n. 专科医生→________ adv. 特别地→_________ vt. 专门研究
9．consult vt.& vi. 请教→__________ n. 顾问
10．sugar n. 糖→________ adj. 含糖的
11．refresh vt. 使恢复精力→__________ adj. 令人振奋的→___________ n. 焕发精神
12．absorb vt. 吸引全部注意力→________ adj. 专心致志的→________ adj. 引人入胜的
composition
composer
component
disturbing
disturbance
specialist
specially
specialize
consultant
sugary
refreshing
refreshment
absorbed
absorbing
1．You will ____________ with a Chinese dictionary for your ____________ suggestions on how to strengthen my confidence. (reward)
2．What made me annoyed was that the __________ noise outside completely _________ my mind. (disturb)
3．As his _______ friend, he ______ on me to offer him some good advice.(rely)
4．Although I am ________ in all the materials, I still have difficulty __________ all at once. (absorb)
5．Don't consume so many ________ foods because too much ________ is harmful to our health.(sugar)
6．So she contacted his ________ at once to ________ with him about this.(consult)
be rewarded
rewarding
disturbing
disturbed
reliable
relied
absorbed
absorbing
sugary
sugar
consultant
consult
1.physical [熟义] adj. 物理学的，物理的；身体的
[生义] adj. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
2.dominate [熟义] vt.& vi. 支配；控制
[生义] vt.& vi. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
3．discipline [熟义] n. 自制力；纪律
[生义] n. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
vt. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
4．compose [熟义] vt.& vi. 组成；构成
[生义] vt.& vi. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
三 熟词生义
客观存在的
占有优势；(山、塔等)高耸于；俯视
学科；训练办法
自我控制；管教；处罚
作曲；撰写
悄悄溜走；不做（应做的事）；不参加
蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳
蹦跳
吸引全部注意力；理解；承受
5．skip [熟义] vt. 跳过；略过
[生义] vt. __________________________________________
vi. _____________________
n. ________
6．absorb [熟义] vt. 吸收
[生义] v. _____________________
1．Mozart composed his last opera shortly before his death.
莫扎特去世前不久________了他的最后一部歌剧。
2．If you skip meals, you don't get enough calories, and then you feel tired.
如果你________饭，身体就不会获得足够的热量，你就会感到疲劳。
3．I've just been so busy studying and trying to absorb all the new things around.
我一直忙于学习，并试图________身边所有的新事物。
4．Stress has an effect on both your physical and mental health.
压力对你的________心健康有影响。
5．The Acropolis dominates the city of Athens.
雅典的卫城________于雅典全城之上。
6．Figure zero is essential in various scientific disciplines.
数字零在各种科学________中都是必不可少的。
作曲
不吃
理解
身
高耸
学科
1.－ly结尾的形容词 ①_________ 每月的 ②weekly 每周的 ③_________ 每天的 ④lively 活泼的 ⑤lovely 可爱的 ⑥friendly 友好的 2.“促进，提升” ①facilitate ②_________ ③_________ ④raise ⑤boost ⑥_________ ⑦accelerate 3.常用过去分词作状语的短语
①(be) stressed out 焦虑不安；心力交瘁
②(be) lost in ... 陷入……
③(be) caught in ... 被困于……
④(be) buried in ... 埋头于……
⑤(be) devoted to ... 致力于……
⑥______________________ 忙于……
⑦__________________ 专心致志于……
小积累word families
monthly
daily
enhance
improve
promote
(be) occupied in ...
(be) absorbed in ...
一 词表短语
1.______________ 回答；答复 2．_________ 依赖；依靠；信赖
3．________________ 立即；马上 4．__________ 决定；选定
5．________________ 下定决心
6．________________ 由……组成(或构成)的
7．________________ 剃掉；刮去
8．________________ 焦虑不安；心力交瘁
9．________________ 筋疲力尽的；疲惫的
in response to
rely on
straight away
decide on
make up one’s mind
be composed of
shave off
stressed out
worn out
选用上面的短语填空
1．He _________ his beard for the first time in years, revealing a whole new look.
2．The constant pressure at work has left her feeling completely ____________．
3．After much deliberation (审议), the committee finally ____________ the most suitable candidate for the position.
4．It took her weeks to _________________ about whether to accept the job offer in another city.
shaved off
stressed out
decided on
make up her mind
5．Upon hearing the good news, she packed her bags and left for the airport ________________．
6．After a long day of hiking, they were all feeling ____________ and ready for a good night's sleep.
7．________________ the customer's complaint, the manager offered a sincere apology and promised to address the issue immediately.
straight away
worn out
In response to
二 写作词块
1._____________________ 自己做决定
2．________________________________ 身心健康问题
3．_______________________ 促进积极的改变
4．________________ 改掉坏习惯
5．_________________ 循序渐进的过程
6．_______________________ 激发某人的动力
7．____________________ 一项有益的体验
8．_________________ 个人的生活选择
9．__________________ 调整某人的生活方式
10．__________________ 增强某人的耐力
11．________________ 感到精力充沛
12．________________________ 让自己变得更好
make one’s own decision
physical and mental health problems
facilitate a positive change
break bad habits
step-by-step process
stimulate one’s motivation
a beneficial experience
personal life choices
adjust one’s lifestyle
build one’s endurance
get refreshed
change oneself for the better
1．(教材P14)如果任其发展，在他们长大成人后，这些不良习惯可能会导致更为严重的有害习惯。(if条件状语从句的省略)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．(教材P15)正如中国哲学家老子所说：“千里之行，始于足下。”(as引导定语从句)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
As the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”
3．(教材P20)参加了你们举办的有关健康和生活方式选择的夏令营后，我意识到我几乎从来没有感觉好过，无论在身体上还是心理上。(either ... or ... “或者……或者……；要么……要么……”)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4．(教材P20)攀岩使我精神焕发，与爸爸共度了更多的时光，而且结交了新的朋友。(get＋过去分词)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After I attended your summer camp about health and lifestyle choices, I realised I hardly ever felt well, either physically or mentally.
I get refreshed through climbing, spend more time with my dad, and get to meet new friends.
教材深挖
自主检测
一、重点单词
1．physics n. 物理学→________ adj. 身体的；客观存在的；物理学的→___________ adv. 身体上；肉体上；根本上→_________ n. 内科医生
2．repeat vt. 重复→___________ adj. 重复的→__________ adv. 重复地→___________ n. 重复
3．psychology n. 心理学；心理；心理影响→____________ adj. 心理(学)的→_____________ n. 心理学家
4．rely vi. 依赖；依靠；信赖→________ adj. 可信赖的；可靠的
physical
physically
physician
repeated
repeatedly
repetition
psychological
psychologist
reliable
5．compose vt.& vi. 组成；作曲；撰写→____________ n. 组成；作曲；作文→_________ n. 作曲家→__________ n. 组成部分；零件
6．disturb vt. 打扰；搅乱；使烦恼→_________ adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的→___________ n. 打扰；扰乱
7．special adj. 特别的；专门的→__________ n. 专科医生；专家→________ adv. 特别地；专门→________ vt. 专门研究；专门从事
8．refresh vt. 使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新→________ adj. 令人振奋的→____________ n. 焕发精神；恢复活力
9．absorb vt. 吸引全部注意力；吸收→__________ adj. 专心致志的；全神贯注的→__________ adj. 引人入胜的；吸引人的
composition
composer
component
disturbing
disturbance
specialist
specially
specialize
refreshing
refreshment
absorbed
absorbing
1.subscribe/s b'skraIb/v. ________________ 2．establish/I'st blI /v. ________________ 3．incurable/In'kj r bl/adj. ________________ 4．obesity/ 'bi s ti/n. ________________ 5.nutrition/nju'trI n/n. ________________
6．preventive/prI'ventIv/adj. ________________
7．therapy/'θer pi/n. ________________
8．workout/'w ka t/n. ________________
拔高词汇— 高分必备
订阅；定期捐款
建立，确立
不能治愈的
过度肥胖，肥胖症
营养，营养的补给
预防性的，防备的
治疗，疗法
锻炼
二、重点语块
____________ (为了应对) the growing concerns about _______________________ _________ (身心健康问题), John decided it was time to make some changes in his life. He realized he couldn't continue to ______ (依靠；依赖) unhealthy habits and immediate satisfaction. Instead, he ________________ (下定决心) ____________ (马上) to adopt a healthier lifestyle. One of the first things he __________ (决定；选定) was to _________ (剃掉) his beard, as he felt it would make him look and feel more refreshed. As he progressed, he noticed that making small, consistent changes was helping him feel less __________ (焦虑不安) and less _______ (筋疲力尽的). His new routine, ____________ (由……组成) regular exercise, balanced diet, and sufficient rest, ___________________ __________________________ (逐渐地促进积极的改变) in his overall well being.
In response to
physical and mental health problems
rely on
made up his mind
straight away
decided on
shave off
stressed out
worn out
composed of
was gradually facilitating a positive change
三、重点句式
1．如果对讲座感兴趣，请提前进入学校礼堂，并在讲座期间保持安静。(if引导的条件状语从句的省略)
________________________， please enter the school hall ahead of time and keep quiet during the lecture.
2．意识到定期锻炼的重要性后，丹尼决定开始每天跑步，以保持健康和体态。(get＋过去分词)
Having realized the importance of regular exercise, Danny decided to ____________________________________________________．
If interested in the lecture
get started on a daily running routine to get fit and stay healthy
四、写作佳句
1．【教材P14】有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的著名谚语说道：“重复的行为造就了我们。”
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．【教材P15】想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向转化，我们必须首先审视自己的坏习惯循环，然后尽力去调整。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle: “We are what we repeatedly do.”
To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.
3．【教材P15】正如中国哲学家老子所写，“千里之行，始于足下。”
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4．【教材P20】正如甘地所说，“欲变世界，先变其身。”
____________________________________________________________________
As the Chinese philosopher LaoZi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”
As Gandhi said, “Be the change you want to see in the world.”
硬核考点
考点1 dominate vt.& vi. 支配；控制；占有优势
dominate the passion 控制感情
dominate the situation 控制形势
dominate the best seller lists 占据畅销书榜首
1.The movie was about a group of robots set on world __________ (dominate)．
2.Perhaps even earlier, there had emerged on the steppes of Inner Eurasia the distinctive types of pastoralism that were to _____________________________________ _________ (主导了该地区几千年的历史).
3．他那武断专横的母亲令他苦不堪言。
He suffered from ________________________________．
4．焦虑的感觉开始弥漫整个房间，渗透到每个角落，像一团浓厚、令人窒息的雾一样包裹着每个人的思绪。(写作佳句)
__________________________________________， seeping into every corner and wrapping around each person's thoughts like a thick, suffocating fog.
domination
dominate the region's history for several millennia
an oppressively dominant mother
The feeling of anxiety began to dominate the room
考点2 reward n. 回报；奖励；报酬
vt. 奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
in reward (for ...) 作为(对……的)报答
as a reward (for ...) 作为(对……的)酬谢
reward sb with ... 用……回报某人
be rewarded with ... 得到……/获得……报答
1.He received a medal ________ reward for his bravery.
2．Please come and join us! I bet you will find the activity ________ (reward) and fulfilling!
3．If they are admitted/accepted/adopted, you will ________________________ (得到证书) and a certain amount of prize money. (写作佳句)
4．上个月，我参加了一个社区服务项目，这被证明是一次真正有益的经历。(非限制性定语从句)(写作佳句)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
in
rewarding
be rewarded with a certificate
Last month I took part in a community service project, which proved to be a truly rewarding experience.
考点3 rely vi. 依赖；依靠；信赖
rely on/upon 依赖；依靠；信赖
rely on sb/sth to do sth 指望/相信某人/某物会做某事
rely on it that ... 相信……；指望……
同义短语：depend on＝count on 依靠；依赖
1.Many students now rely ________ the Internet for information.
2．Bernard made up his mind to follow their examples to be a ________ (rely) person whom others can rely on for help.
3．有一个像莎拉这样可靠的朋友在我身边，让我更容易应对新学校的挑战。(写作佳句)
_______________________________________ made navigating through the challenges of the new school much easier.
4．当面临困难时，你最好不要总是指望别人会帮助你。
When facing difficulties, you had better not always _______________________________．
＝When facing difficulties, you had better not always ______________________．
on/upon
reliable
Having a reliable friend like Sarah by my side
rely on it that others will help you out
rely on others to help you out
考点4 compose vt.& vi. 组成；作曲；撰写
compose a novel/a piece of music 创作小说/作曲
同义短语：be composed of＝be made up of＝consist of＝be comprised of 由……组成
1.To understand a painting, we're taught to look for color, ___________ (compose), and light.
2．This man deserves his fame as one of the most popular __________ (compose) in Western musical history.
3．我强烈建议我们的英语电影欣赏课程由欣赏电影、讨论精彩台词和给电影配音组成。(写作佳句)
I strongly suggest that our English film appreciation course __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________．
composition
composers
(should) be composed of/be made up of/be comprised of/consist of enjoying the film, talking about wonderful movie lines and dubbing
【外研版必修第二册写作佳句】
It can be quite stressful at times, though, which in turn makes me feel anxious. To help deal with this, I go running as often as I possibly can.
然而，有时候工作的压力是非常大的，这也相应地会让我感到焦虑。为了缓解焦虑，我会尽可能多地去跑步。
考点5 refresh vt. 使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新
refresh oneself/one's mind 提神醒脑；使自己恢复精神
refresh one's memory 唤醒某人的记忆，使某人重新想起
get refreshed 恢复活力
1.Practising this kind of Qigong can also result in clear vision and ___________ (refresh)．
2.During an interview, you need to confidently present your best self, such as dressing appropriately, looking _______ (refresh) and wearing a genuine smile.(写作佳句)
3．While waiting for the traffic lights, I rolled down the window, getting some air in to __________________________ (提神) since I had stayed up late last night for the important appointment today.
4．游泳有益于你的心肺，使你每天精力充沛，精神焕发。(非限制性定语从句)(写作佳句)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
refreshment
refreshed
refresh my mind/refresh myself
Swimming is beneficial to/contributes to your heart and lungs, which can make you energetic and refreshed every day.
考点6 make up one's mind 下定决心
change one's mind 改变主意
bear/keep ... in mind＝bear/keep in mind that ... 将……记在心中
come into/enter one's mind 进入某人的脑海
fix one's mind on/upon ... 全神贯注于……
flash through/cross one's mind 在脑海中闪过
1.First of all, ____________________ (记住) you had better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the appointed time.(写作佳句)
2．Every time the memory of the Halloween ____________________________ (掠过我的心头), I laughed myself to death.
3．A thousand reasons _______________________ (进入了我的脑海)．
4．听到我的话后，他终于下定决心要参加比赛，我催促他赶紧去起跑线。(写作佳句)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
keep/bear in mind that
crossed/flashed through my mind
came into/entered my mind
Hearing my words, he finally made up his mind to participate in the competition and I urged him to go to the starting line.
考点7 either ... or ... 或者……或者……
either ... or ... 可连接并列的主语、宾语、谓语、表语等。连接并列主语时，谓语的数与靠近它的主语一致。
遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词：
neither ... nor ... 既不……也不……
not ... but ... 不是……而是……
not only ... but (also) ... 不但……而且……
1.Either the students or he ____ (be) to perform the experiment that is due tomorrow.
2．Neither the teacher nor the students ________ (be) happy with the new schedule.
3．我不知道下一步该做什么，我可以冒险沿着那条神秘的路走下去，也可以安全地回到熟悉的村庄。(either ... or ...)
I wasn't sure what to do next. I could _____________________________________ _____________________________________________．
4．我的父母和我都讲一口流利的英语，这使我们能与外宾顺利交流。(not only ... but (also) ...)(写作佳句)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
is
are
either take the risk and follow the mysterious path or return to the familiar village safely
Not only my parents but (also) I speak English fluently, making us communicate with foreign guests smoothly.
【北师版必修第一册写作佳句】
As people often say, any exercise is better than none, but long－distance running in particular has a lot of benefits.
正如人们常说的，运动总比不运动好，特别是长跑有很多益处。
强化训练
一、单句语法填空
1．Through the _________ (reward) ceremony, we are aware that we should study harder in reward for the patient instructions of our parents and teachers.
2．When we are depressed or ________ (stress) out, home is always a shelter for us to have a rest.
3．In response ________ the audience's great demand, the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week.
4．Hungry and ________ (wear) out, he lay down on the ground, wondering what to do next.
rewarding
stressed
to
worn
5．You'd better avoid drinking too much ________ (sugar) drinks because they are bad for your health.
6．________ (aim) to promote the students' social responsibility and foster their all around development, the Student Union is appealing to students to join in a series of initiatives specially intended to observe the Youth Day.
7．We are required to routinely keep a balanced diet so that we can feel energetic and get ________ (refresh)．
8．________ (absorb) in her work, she noticed nothing and even skipped her meal.
9．The boat was dashed __________ (repeat) against the rocks.
10．My breakfast is composed ________ bread, jam and milk.
sugary
Aiming
refreshed
Absorbed
repeatedly
of
二、熟词生义
1．She decided to skip the afternoon's class.____________
2．It is a physical impossibility to be in two places at once.____________
3．Did you absorb everything the professor said？____________
4．I composed my lectures on the way, and that was all the thinking time I had.____________
5．Yoga is a good discipline for learning to relax.____________
不参加
客观存在的
理解
撰写
训练方法
词缀 含义 例词
ant 一是________后缀，表示_______________ 二是________后缀，表示____________________ __________， accountant, assistant, applicant, immigrant, merchant, servant, giant, abundant, constant, attractant, pollutant, contestant, accordant
三、构词法
名词
……的人或物
形容词
是……的；做……的
consultant
写出下列黑体词的含义
1．The accountant carefully reviewed the company's financial statements to ensure accuracy and compliance with tax laws.____________
2．The immigrant community in the city contributes significantly to its cultural diversity and economic growth. ____________
3．The region is blessed with abundant natural resources, including fertile land and rich minerals.____________________
4．Despite the challenges, she maintained a constant focus on her goals and never gave up.____________________
5．The city's vibrant nightlife and cultural attractions are major attractants for tourists from around the world.____________
6．The factory was fined for releasing harmful pollutants into the river, causing damage to the local ecosystem.____________
会计
移民
大量的；充足的
持续的；不断的
吸引物
污染物
四、补全句子
1．为了增强体质，上周一上午，红星中学的学生参加了由学生会组织的登山活动。(aim)
______________________________________________________________________________________， students from HongXing Middle School participated in a mountain climbing activity organized by the Student Union last Monday morning.
2．这是我第一次参加学校的年度科学博览会，我非常享受这个让我展示我的项目并向同龄人学习的机会。(It is/was the first time that ...)
_____________________________________________________________， and I am thoroughly enjoying the opportunity to showcase my project and learn from my peers.
Aiming to build up strength/Aimed at building up strength/With the aim of building up strength
It is the first time that I have participated in the school's annual science fair
3．在一整天的学习之后，打篮球可以提神醒脑，从而缓解压力，提高学习效率。(refresh)(写作佳句)
______________________________________________________， thus relieving stress and enhancing learning efficiency.
4．他眼中满是感激的泪水，坚持给我们一大笔钱来酬谢我们的帮助。(reward)
With grateful tears hanging in his eyes, he ________________________________________________________．
Playing basketball after a whole day's study can refresh our mind
insisted on rewarding us with a lot of money for helping him
5．突然，一个可怕的念头出现在我的脑海里，我感觉体内的血液迅速凝固起来。(mind)
Suddenly, _______________________________________ and I felt that the blood in my body froze rapidly.
6．如果获得在会议上发言的机会，约翰会提出一些创新的想法。(if条件句的省略)
__________________________________________， John would present some groundbreaking ideas.
a terrible thought entered/came into my mind
If given the opportunity to speak at the conference
五、长难句分析
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad.
句意：此外，在同一栋建筑内拥有种植和食用系统，意味着从土壤到沙拉的过程中，植物运输的排放量为零。
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句子主干是______________________________ ________________；having a system为动名词短语作________；where引导________从句，修饰先行词________。
having a system means zero emissions (排放)
主语
定语
building
读写用—素养提升
一、深化阅读——明晰考向 以阅读养阅读
(2023·全国乙卷)If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can't. The clearest example of this between literate and non－literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non－literate societies such as these, all our first－hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation,__we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事范畴以更好地理解历史的重要性。
32．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．How past events should be presented.
B．What humanity is concerned about.
C．Whether facts speak louder than words.
D．Why written language is reliable.
解析：段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知，如果要讲述一段不偏不倚的历史，不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界历史只有一部分曾经有过文本，而且文字出现较晚，即便直到最近，许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物品来记录重要的事件。由此可总结出，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现。故选A。
33．What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A．His report was scientific.
B．He represented the local people.
C．He ruled over Botany Bay.
D．His record was one－sided.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“From the English side ... his first experience of gunshot. (在英国方面，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子第一次经历枪击后在搏斗中落下的。)”可推知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的。故选D。
34．What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Problem. B．History.
C．Voice. D．Society.
解析：指代判断题。根据画线词上文“a history told through things ... only one half of a dialogue”并结合画线词所在句可知，读文本只能了解历史的一半，如果想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读物品。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。
35．Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A．How Maps Tell Stories of the World.
B．A Short History of Australia.
C．A History of the World in 100 Objects.
D．How Art Works Tell Stories.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“If you want to tell the history ... for most of the time, has not.”并结合最后一段中的“If we are to find the other ... but the objects.”可知，文章主要论述了要从物品中理解历史，由此可推知，文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。
主旨大意类——总结段落大意
1．做到首尾兼顾，把握好段落的组织顺序，是总分式、分总式、总分总式还是无主题句式。
2．说明文和议论文中的主题句常在段首；如果先表述细节，后归纳概括，段落主题句在段尾，常出现在总结性的“信号词”后，如in summary, in a word, in short, in conclusion等。
3．没有明显段落主题句时，需要总结概括。
二、读后续写——必备微技能
高品素材 人物体型
1．优美的身段：a graceful figure 2.匀称的身材：a shapely figure
3．梨形身材：pear－shaped figure 4.身材魁梧的人：a well built man
5．发育良好的身体：a well developed figure
6.形体很好：have a good figure
7．改善形体：improve one's figure
8.沙漏型身材：hourglass figure
9．中等身材：an average build
10.苹果型身材：apple body shape
11．宽肩膀：broad shoulders 12.浑圆的身体：round body
13．扁平的身体：flat body 14.肌肉发达的体型：muscular build
15．啤酒肚：beer belly 16.魔鬼身材：killer body
17．匀称的体型：even body shape 18.苗条的体型：slim figure
19．瘦削的体型：lean/skinny body
20.圆滚滚的外貌(多指小孩)：chubby appearance
21．显露出她优美的身段：show off her lovely figure
22．仪表堂堂：an imposing/a dashing/a handsome/a striking figure
高效课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读
A
(2025·福建省莆田市第二十五中学高三期中)Food vlogger Julia Pacheco undertook an ambitious challenge to see if she could sustain herself on just $10 for an entire week, covering all meals from breakfast to dinner. The aim was not only to test the feasibility (可行性) of such a tight budget but also to explore how it would affect her overall well being by the end of the week.
Julia's journey began with a strategic shopping trip to Walmart, where she carefully selected key ingredients to maximize both her budget and nutritional intake. This initial phase set the tone for the week, showcasing the importance of planning in budget friendly eating.
Julia's grocery list included affordable staples (主食) like pasta, brown rice, mixed vegetables, bread, lentils, pinto beans, and some fresh produce such as apples, tomatoes, onions, and garlic. These items were chosen for their versatility (多用途) and nutritional value. The total cost of these groceries perfectly hit the $10 mark, setting the stage for a week of simple yet thoughtful meal planning. This careful selection was crucial as it laid the foundation for her entire week's living.
For the first five days, the mum's breakfast routine consisted of oatmeal flavoured with apple. This choice was not only cost effective but also provided a warm, hearty start to her day. On the last two days, Julia switched things up by having boiled eggs on toast, adding variety within budget. These breakfast options demonstrated that even on a tight budget, one could enjoy a wholesome and satisfying start to the day.
By cooking large portions and storing them for later, she minimized waste and ensured she always had a meal ready, reducing the desire to snack unnecessarily. This approach also highlighted the importance of planning and preparation when working with a limited budget.
Throughout the week, she felt full and content, proving that it's possible to maintain a healthy diet even on a tight budget. Julia's experience showed the potential to eat well with limited financial resources.
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了美食博主Julia Pacheco (朱丽娅·帕切科)通过个人经历证明了在有限预算下也能保持健康饮食。
1．Why did Julia undertake the $10 challenge
A．To see if she could survive on a strict budget.
B．To develop budget friendly eating habits.
C．To test the quality of food at Walmart.
D．To promote a new way of living.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Food vlogger Julia Pacheco ... from breakfast to dinner.”可知，Julia接受10美元的挑战，目的是看看她能否在严格的预算下生存下来。故选A。
2．What can we know about the grocery list that Julia chose
A．It fitted her budget and nutrition.
B．It was full of her favourite staples.
C．It was too complicated.
D．It was out of a random choice.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Julia's journey began ... and nutritional intake.”可知，Julia选择的购物清单符合她的预算和营养需求。故选A。
3．How did Julia manage to reduce waste during her challenge
A．By skipping breakfast.
B．By preparing less staples.
C．By cooking more food each time.
D．By snacking unnecessarily.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“By cooking large portions ... to snack unnecessarily.”可知，通过每次烹饪更多的食物，Julia成功地减少了浪费。故选C。
4．How was Julia's overall experience during the challenge
A．She struggled with her budget.
B．She found it tough to continue.
C．She ate well and felt satisfied.
D．She suffered hunger sometimes.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Throughout the week ... even on a tight budget.”可推知，在整个挑战过程中，Julia吃得很好，感觉很满足。故选C。
B
(2025·云南省昆明市一中高三第二次联考)The obesity (肥胖) rate in the United States is now over 40 percent, and other countries are dealing with the problem as well. In fact, research has linked the problem of obesity with heart disease, mental conditions and even some cancers. So it's no wonder that almost any discussion on health includes the topic of weight control.
According to healthcare professionals, eating a healthy diet and practicing weight control significantly reduces the risk of serious health problems. However, countless false claims and misinformation about weight loss fail to address the obesity issues. Methods promising quick weight loss aren't healthy. Fortunately, trusted health specialists provide people with healthy ways to maintain a proper weight. They noted that healthy diets rich in nutrients, vitamins and minerals certainly top the list, but eating healthily isn't the whole story.
Another essential aspect of weight control is exercise. People who exercise not only burn calories but also build muscle. You don't have to spend hours at the gym to make that happen. Activities like walking, biking or swimming can make a difference in your weight and overall health. Just exercise consistently so it becomes a habit.
In addition to a healthy diet and exercise, it's essential to make lifestyle changes that support weight control. One significant lifestyle factor that contributes to weight gain is stress. Stress causes the body to release hormones (激素) that can lead to overeating. Therefore, finding healthy ways to manage stress can be beneficial as they help you maintain a healthy weight. For example, simple breathing exercises and morning stretches help regulate anxiety and depression. Regular exercise helps manage stress, too.
Another factor that contributes to weight gain is lack of sleep. Sleep is essential, and studies have shown that an insufficient amount of sleep can contribute to weight gain. Aim for at least seven to eight hours of sleep each night to help your body maintain a healthy weight.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了肥胖的危害及控制体重的几点建议。
5．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．The effects of overweight.
B．The necessity of weight control.
C．The obesity rate in the USA.
D．The efforts to deal with obesity.
解析：段落大意题。根据第一段(美国的肥胖率现在超过了40%，其他国家也在应对这个问题。事实上，研究已经将肥胖问题与心脏病、精神疾病甚至某些癌症联系起来。因此，几乎所有关于健康的讨论都包含体重控制的话题也就不足为奇了。)可知，本段主要论述了控制体重的必要性。故选B。
6．Which of the following is a view of the health experts
A．Quick weight loss increases the risk of serious diseases.
B．Eating healthily alone will not address the issue of obesity.
C．False information about weight loss can rarely be identified.
D．Nutrients, vitamins and minerals guarantee effective weight loss.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fortunately, trusted health specialists ... isn't the whole story.”可知，健康专家会认为仅靠健康饮食并不能解决肥胖问题。故选B。
7．What can we learn about excising for weight control
A．Seeking professional guidance is a must.
B．Excising at a gym doesn't pay off.
C．Burning calories outweighs building muscle.
D．Informal workout done regularly matters.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Activities like walking ... becomes a habit.”可知，走路、骑车或游泳等锻炼，只要形成了习惯，对体重控制和整体健康也能起到作用。由此可推知，定期进行非正式锻炼很重要。故选D。
8．Why does stress contribute to weight gain
A．It fuels our appetites.
B．It changes our lifestyles.
C．It weakens sleep quality.
D．It prevents daily exercise.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“One significant lifestyle ... lead to overeating.”可知，压力使身体产生一种导致过度饮食的激素，促进食欲进而使得体重增加。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025· 河南省部分学校高三大联考)On a wet and windy Wednesday morning in January, my husband and daughter slept soundly in warm beds. I found myself running up hills, __1__ for my biggest challenge—an ultramarathon. I'm doing this to raise money for Mental Health Mates, the walking network that I __2__ eight years ago.
I had obsessive compulsive disorder (强迫症) since childhood. Like physical illnesses, most mental illnesses are treatable if caught early—but they __3__ are. The lack of __4__ landed me in suffering, making my illness __5__. Since my daughter was born a decade ago, I have made it my life's work to try and make sure she won't grow up in a world where mental illnesses are __6__.
Mental Health Mates was part of this __7__. Forcing myself out of the house one January day in 2016 for a run, I __8__ why there weren't any exercise initiatives for people with mental health issues. I put a post out to see if anyone wanted to come for a __9__ on Valentine's Day. Surprisingly, 20 people __10__. I did another one the following weekend, and then another.
It was __11__ Mental Health Mates, and the friends I made through it, that I had the __12__ to start training for my first marathon. In reality, I'm more interested in the superhuman tales of the people getting out there not to train their bodies, but their __13__.
My mental illness recovered, largely because of the __14__ I discovered while moving forward. Although I still have bad days, I know they will __15__．
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者创立“Mental Health Mates”组织并积极参与锻炼，这不仅改善了自己的心理健康问题，还鼓励了其他有心理健康问题的人参与锻炼，从而提高了对人们心理健康的重视和关注。
1．A.preparing B．standing
C．competing D．hoping
2．A.discovered B．reported
C．launched D．anticipated
解析：句意：我发现自己在爬山，为我最大的挑战——超级马拉松做准备。prepare准备；stand站立；compete竞争；hope希望。故选A。
解析：句意：我这样做是为了给Mental Health Mates筹集资金，这是我八年前创办的步行网络。discover发现；report报告；launch发起，创立；anticipate预期，预料。故选C。
3．A.mostly B．really
C．absolutely D．barely
4．A.training B．treatment
C．rescue D．consideration
解析：句意：像身体疾病一样，大多数精神疾病如果发现得早是可以治疗的——但它们几乎不会被早发现。mostly主要地，大部分地；really真正地，确实地；absolutely绝对地；barely几乎不。故选D。
解析：句意：缺乏治疗使我痛苦不堪，使我的病更严重了。training训练；treatment治疗；rescue救援；consideration考虑。故选B。
5．A.worse B．more special
C．rarer D．more curable
6．A.addressed B．prevented
C．tracked D．ignored
解析：worse更糟的；more special更特别的；rarer更稀有的；more curable更可治愈的。根据前文“The lack of __4__ landed me in suffering”可知，由于缺乏治疗，作者的病更严重了。故选A。
解析：address致辞；处理；prevent阻止；track追踪；ignore忽视。根据前文“Since my daughter was born ... in a world”可知，自从作者的女儿出生后，作者一直致力于让自己的女儿生活在精神疾病不再被忽视的世界中，因此作者创建了Mental Health Mates。故选D。
7．A.adventure B．achievement
C．attempt D．announcement
8．A.wondered B．decided
C．argued D．realized
解析：句意：Mental Health Mates是这一尝试的一部分。adventure冒险；achievement成就；attempt尝试；announcement公告。故选C。
解析：wonder想知道；decide决定；argue争论；realize意识到。根据后文“why there weren't ... with mental health issues”可知，作者想知道为什么没有任何针对有心理健康问题的人的锻炼计划。故选A。
9．A.chat B．debate
C．walk D．ride
10．A.gave up B．showed up
C．woke up D．stood up
解析：chat聊天；debate辩论；walk走路；ride骑行。根据前文“I'm doing this ... the walking network”可知，作者创建的Mental Health Mates是针对有心理健康问题的人的锻炼计划，该项目与走路有关。故选C。
解析：give up放弃；show up出现；wake up醒来；stand up站起来。根据前文“I put a post ... on Valentine's Day.”可知，作者发帖得到了他人的回应，令作者惊讶的是，刚开始来了20个人，即20个人出现了。故选B。
11．A.thanks to B．as for
C．apart from D．instead of
12．A.wisdom B．courage
C．freedom D．secret
解析：thanks to多亏，由于；as for至于；apart from除了；instead of代替。根据后文“to start training for my first marathon”可知，多亏了“Mental Health Mates”，作者开启了第一次马拉松训练。故选A。
解析：wisdom智慧；courage勇气；freedom自由；secret秘密。根据后文“to start training for my first marathon”可知，多亏了“Mental Health Mates”作者才有勇气开始自己的第一次马拉松训练。故选B。
13．A.skills B．patience
C．knowledge D．minds
解析：skill技能；patience耐心；knowledge知识；mind头脑，想法。根据前文“I'm more interested ... not to train their bodies”可知，作者更感兴趣的是那些到外面去锻炼心智而非身体的人的非凡故事。故选D。
14．A.cause B．opportunity
C．truth D．tendency
解析：cause原因；opportunity机会；truth真相；tendency趋势。根据前文“I had the __12__ to start training for my first marathon”和“My mental illness recovered”可推知，作者的精神疾病之所以痊愈了，是因为作者在不断前进中发现了精神疾病的真相——缺乏勇气。故选C。
15．A.come B．lift
C．last D．permit
解析：come来；lift消散；last持续；permit允许。根据前文“Although I still have bad days”可知，前后文构成了让步关系，即虽然作者仍然有糟糕的日子，但作者相信它们会过去。故选B。
聚焦写作 一箭三雕
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2025·湖北省沙市中学高三月考)Hutongs are narrow alleys or lanes that are characteristic of Beijing, representing a unique aspect of Chinese culture. __1__ (date) back to the Yuan Dynasty, these traditional neighborhoods are known for their __2__ (distinction) architectural style and communal living. Walking through a hutong, one can see ancient courtyard houses, __3__ provide a glimpse into the daily lives of the residents.
The atmosphere in hutongs is lively and vibrant. Local shops and street vendors often line the streets, offering everything from traditional snacks to handmade crafts. This creates __4__ strong sense of community, as neighbors often gather to chat and share stories. The cultural significance of hutongs __5__ (extend) beyond just architecture; they are also places where traditions are preserved.
However, hutongs face challenges due to urbanization. Many have been demolished to make way for modern buildings, threatening the __6__ (preserve) of this cultural heritage. Efforts __7__ (make) to protect these historic areas recently, as they are of vital importance for understanding Beijing's history and culture.
In conclusion, hutong culture offers a fascinating insight __8__ the past and present of Beijing. It is essential __9__ (cherish) these unique neighborhoods, as they represent a way of life that is rich in history and community spirit. By doing so, we ensure that future __10__ (generation) can appreciate the beauty and significance of hutong culture.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5．________
6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了胡同文化及其意义和胡同所面临的挑战。
1．答案： dating
2．答案：distinctive
3．答案：which
解析：考查非谓语动词。date back to与其逻辑主语these traditional neighborhoods之间为主动关系，应用现在分词短语作状语。故填dating。
解析：考查词性转换。此处应用形容词distinctive“独特的”，作定语，修饰名词style。故填distinctive。
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。此处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词为courtyard houses，指物，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
4．答案：a
5．答案：extends
6．答案：preservation
解析：考查冠词。句意：这创造了一种强烈的社区意识，因为邻居们经常聚在一起聊天和分享故事。此处为固定短语a sense of意为“一种……感”，且strong的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：胡同的文化意义不仅仅局限于建筑；它们也是传统得以保存的地方。此处陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时；主语The cultural significance为单数。故填extends。
解析：考查词性转换。此处应用名词作宾语，preservation意为“保护”，为不可数名词。故填preservation。
7．答案： have been made
8．答案：into
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语recently可知，此处应用现在完成时，Efforts与make之间为被动关系，且主语为复数。故填have been made。
解析：考查介词。句意：总之，胡同文化为了解北京的过去和现在提供了一个迷人的视角。an insight into ... 意为“深入了解……”，为固定搭配。故填into。
9．答案： to cherish
10．答案：generations
解析：考查非谓语动词。“It is＋adj.＋to do sth”为固定句型，其中It作形式主语，此处应用动词不定式作真正的主语。故填to cherish。
解析：考查名词。generation为可数名词，设空前无限定词，此处应用名词复数表示泛指。故填generations。
Ⅱ.应用文写作
(2025·陕西省西安中学高三第二次质量检测)请你写一篇短文向校英文报“Mental Health”栏目投稿，向同学们推荐一种调节情绪的方法。内容包括：
1．介绍这种方法；
2.说明推荐的理由。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
[精彩范文]
Control Your Emotion and Be Mentally Healthy
I highly recommend the practice of mindfulness meditation as a powerful tool which is used for regulating emotions. This method involves concentrating one's attention on the present moment, observing thoughts and feelings without judgment.
By engaging in mindfulness meditation, we can obtain a deeper understanding of our emotional states, learn to accept them, and eventually, control them. This not only strengthens our mental well being but also improves our ability to handle stress and challenges effectively. Try it, and you'll find yourself more emotionally balanced and resilient.
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·海南省琼海市嘉积中学高三检测)In a house far from the city lived John and his mother. John's only hobby was wandering in the nearby picturesque forest. In its center was a shiny clear lake with schools of fish dancing in it. Lovely animals such as deer or rabbits were playing around and cute birds were singing in trees. Fascinated by the beauty and liveliness of nature, he desired to become a great artist and present all the breath taking scenes to the world.
John studied in the local primary school. Life was not easy for John and his mom after his father died. Knowing what hard work his mother did to make ends meet, John really didn't want his mother to worry. His mother knew the significance of education in life but she was against his dream of becoming an artist. “The profession of artist can't aid a person in meeting his daily expenses，” she would say. But as each day passed, John's dream became more passionate.
Due to the living circumstances, even buying some new colors would be a luxury. John only used the worn drawing file and limited colors for his daily practice. Though lacking fine painting materials, he never gave up drawing. He spent a significant amount of time staying in the forest, secretly perfecting his craft. With continuous hard work and a distinct gift for art, he drew beautifully.
One day John read about a competition being held in the town, whose deadline was only two days away. He got the perfect opportunity to fulfill his desire but he was in a dilemma (两难境地) as for the competition he needed special paints and some brushes. He didn't have the courage to ask his mother for money as he knew her prejudice against art.
That evening his mom returned from work and handed him a few paper notes, saying, “This is for your lunch at school next month.” The money was enough for his desired materials! John's face lit up.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Early the next morning, John secretly left home with the money. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
A week later, a phone call came to John's home. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了家境贫寒的John (约翰)喜欢画画，他想成为艺术家的梦想并没有得到母亲的支持。得知镇上正在举行绘画比赛，John会用妈妈给他的钱做什么？为什么会有电话打到John家？
[精彩范文]
Early the next morning, John secretly left home with the money. Hastily, he bought paper and paints for painting, and then dashed to the competition. After signing up for it, he was given the task. It was his time. He was deeply absorbed in his work, forgetting everything around him. After finishing his task, he went home, with birds singing for him. Every day, he looked forward to the result happily and anxiously, though he felt hungry. It seemed that the time stopped.
A week later, a phone call came to John's home. Hearing what the man said, his mother felt puzzled, not knowing how his son had done it, because she knew it needed money. As soon as John arrived home, his mother told him the news, and waited for his explanation. Knowing the truth, her eyes welled up with tears. Hugging her son tightly, she apologized to him. But he was happy, not only because he had got the perfect opportunity to fulfill his desire, but also he was awarded a lot of money because of his work.
