高考科学复习解决方案 英语
一 背记单词
◎日常生活物品
1．parcel n. 包裹
2．jam n. 果酱；堵塞
3．mail n. 邮件；信件；邮政
4．clay n. 黏土；陶土
5．uniform n. 校服；制服
6．tablet n. 平板电脑；便笺本；药片
7．rubber n. 橡皮；黑板擦；橡胶
8．washroom n. 洗手间；厕所
9．tube n. 管子；管状物
10．hut n. 简陋的小房子(或棚、舍)
11．housing n. 住房；住宅
12．platform n. 平台；站台；舞台
13．fireplace n. 壁炉
14．saucer n. 茶碟；杯托
15．kettle n. (烧水用的)壶；水壶
16．pan n. 平底锅；烤盘
17．jar n. 罐子；坛子
18．grill n. 烤架；烤肉餐馆
◎描述词
19．secondary adj. 中学的；次要的
20．dusty adj. 布满灰尘的
21．rigid adj. 死板的；固执的
22．wrinkle vt.& vi. 起皱纹
23．ripe adj. 成熟的
24．leftover adj. 吃剩的；残留的
25．privilege n. 优惠待遇；特权
26．grant vt. 同意；准许 n. 拨款
27．cardiac adj. 心脏病的；心脏的
28．hypothetical adj. 假设的；假定的
◎其他
29．weed n. 杂草；野草
30．chorus n. 合唱曲；合唱团
31．cotton n. 棉布；棉花
32．bubble vi. 起泡；沸腾
33．circus n. 马戏团
34．shade vt. 给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩
35．jaw n. 颌；下巴
36．forehead n. 额；前额
37．doorway n. 门口；出入口；门道
38．handshake n. 握手
39．drag vt. 拖
40．plug vt. 封堵；补足
41．resign vi.& vt. 辞职
42．input n. 情况；信息；投入；输入
43．tune n. 曲调；曲子
44．contract vt. 感染
45．circuit n. 巡回；环形线路
46．relay vt. 转发；转播 n. 接力赛；接班的人
47．criterion n. 标准
48．pray vi.& vt. 企盼；祈祷
二 词形变化
1．second n. 秒→secondary adj. 中学的→secondly adv. 第二
2．dust n. 沙土→dusty adj. 布满灰尘的
3．rub vt.& vi. 擦→rubber n. 橡皮
4．chemist n. 化学家→chemistry n. 化学→chemical adj. 化学的
5．ripe adj. 成熟的→ripen vt.& vi. 成熟
6．able adj. 有能力的→ability n. 能力→disable vt. 使残废→disabled adj. 有残疾的→disability n. 缺陷
7．deserve vt. 值得→deservedly adv. 理所应当地→deserving adj. 值得的
8．late adj.& adv. 晚→lately adv. 最近
9．consult vt. 咨询→consultation n. 咨询→consultant n. 顾问
10．stable adj. 稳定的→stability n. 稳定→unstable adj. 不稳定的
1．I could see a thick layer of dust on the stairs. Piles of dusty books lay on the floor as if no one was living there. (dust)
2．She is disabled,__but refuses to let her disability prevent her from doing what she wants to do. (able)
3．Lately he has been busy volunteering, so he sometimes comes late to school. (late)
4．His father wanted him to become a professional and have more stability. After several part time jobs, he's now got a stable job in a bank. (stable)
5．I consulted a nutrition consultant working in the hospital. Twenty minutes later, a personal diet plan was devised after a consultation with the nutritionist.(consult)
6．Chemistry is important for me because in the future I want to be a chemist．(chemist)
三 熟词生义
1.jam [熟义] n. 果酱
[生义] n. 堵塞，拥挤；卡住
2．uniform [熟义] n. 校服；制服
[生义] adj. 一致的；统一的
3．tune [熟义] n. 曲调；曲子
[生义] v. 调整(发动机)；调音；调节；调频道
4．contract [熟义] v. 与……订立合同(或契约) n. 合同；契约
[生义] v. 感染(疾病)
5．grant [熟义] v. 同意；准许
[生义] n. 拨款
1．There's a paper jam in the photocopier.
复印机卡纸了。
2．No one was sure how the man contracted the disease.
没人知道这个人是怎么感染这种疾病的。
3．Drivers are urged to make sure that car engines are properly tuned.
司机们被要求确保汽车引擎调好了。
4．The walls were a uniform grey.
墙壁都统一是灰色的。
5．They'd got a special grant to encourage research.
他们得到了一笔特殊的拨款来鼓励研究。
小积累 word families
1. “邮政”家族 ①parcel n. 邮包 ②post office 邮局 ③mailbox n. 信箱 ④mail n. 邮政；邮件；信件 vt. 邮寄；发电邮给 ⑤postman n. 邮递员 ⑥stamp n. 邮票 2.名词＋后缀－y变为形容词 ①dust→dusty 布满灰尘的 ②health→healthy 健康的 ③dirt→dirty 脏的 ④rain→rainy 有雨的 ⑤sun→sunny 阳光明媚的 ⑥cloud→cloudy 阴天的 3.同义词(英美英语) ①rubber→eraser 橡皮 ②flat→apartment 公寓 ③lift→elevator 电梯 ④underground→subway 地铁 ⑤picture→movie 电影 ⑥petrol→gas 汽油
一 词表短语/课文短语
1．a__chorus__of 齐声；异口同声
2．not__to__mention 更不用说；且不说
3．take__(...)__for__granted 认为(……)是理所当然；对(……)不予重视
4．relay__to 转达给……；转发给……
5．pray__that 但愿
6．to__be__honest 老实说；说实话
选用上面的短语填空
1．Please relay this message to the manager: the customers are very satisfied with the service and would like to commend the staff.
2．As the storm approached, they huddled together in the basement, praying__that their house would withstand the high winds and heavy rain.
3．We often take our health for__granted,__not realizing how precious it is until we get sick.
4．At the concert's climax, a__chorus__of voices sang in harmony, creating a magical atmosphere that left the audience spellbound.
5．The new restaurant has delicious food, not__to__mention the stunning view of the city skyline from its rooftop terrace.
二 写作词块
1．have__a__strong__sense__of__responsibility 有强烈的责任感
2．be__always__ready__to__help__others 随时准备帮助别人
3．offer__good__service 提供好的服务
4．gain__a__deep__insight__into__the__community 深入了解社区
5．ease__suffering 减轻痛苦
6．overseas__experience 海外经验
7．help__other__countries__to__develop 帮助其他国家发展
8．work__in__nearly__every__corner__of__the__world 在几乎世界上每个角落工作
9．a__considerate__caregiver 体贴的照顾者
10．take__an__active__part__in__social__activities 积极参与社会活动
11．with__one's__combined__efforts 通过某些人的共同努力
12．global__citizens 全球公民
1．(教材P38)几天前，我正在给男孩们演示一个化学实验，在我反应过来前，混合物冒着泡从试管中涌出，洒得到处都是！(be doing ... when ... “正在做……这时……”)
The__other__day__I__was__showing__the__boys__a__chemistry__experiment__when,__before__I__knew__it,__the__mixture__was__bubbling__out__of__the__test__tube__spilling__everywhere!
2．(教材P38)我和另一位老师步行了两个半小时才到达那里。首先，爬上一座山，在山上我们看到了美妙的景色，然后沿着一条树荫遮蔽的小路走到下面的山谷。(from where引导定语从句)
Another__teacher__and__I__walked__for__two__and__a__half__hours__to__get__there—first,__up__a__mountain__from__where__we__had__fantastic__views,__and__then__down__a__shaded__path__to__the__valley__below.
3．(教材P44)我们看到中国的矿工、石油工人、农业专家、机械师和医生几乎在世界的每个角落忙碌着。(see sb doing sth “看见某人正在做某事”)
And__we__see__Chinese__miners，oil__workers,__agricultural__experts，mechanics,__and__doctors__working__in__nearly__every__corner__of__the__world.
4．(教材P45)既然我明白了我妈妈的工作有多么重要，我已经决定自己也成为一名志愿者，去帮助其他国家的人。(now that引导原因状语从句)
Now__that__I__understand__how__important__my__mother's__work__is,__I've__decided__to__become__a__volunteer__myself__to__help__people__in__other__lands.
自主检测
一、重点单词
1．chemist n. 化学家；药剂师；药房→chemistry n. 化学→chemical adj. 化学的
2．ripe adj. 成熟的；时机成熟的→ripen vt.& vi. (使)成熟
3．stable adj. 稳定的；牢固的→stability n. 稳定(性)；稳固(性)→unstable adj. 不稳定的
4．consult vt. 咨询；请教；商量；查询→consultation n. 咨询；咨询会→consultant n. 顾问
5．able adj. 有能力的→ability n. 能力→disable vt. 使(某人)残废；使……无能→disabled adj. 有残疾的；丧失能力的→disability n. 缺陷；障碍
拔高词汇— 高分必备
1.voluntary/'v l ntri/adj. 自愿的，志愿的 2．civil/'sIvl/adj. 国民的，公民的 3．compassion/k m'p n/n. 同情，怜悯 4．selflessness/'selfl sn s/n. 无私，忘我 5.humanitarianism/hju m nI'te ri nIz m/n. 人道主义，博爱主义 6．altruism/' ltruIz m/n. 利他主义 7．philanthropy/fI'l nθr pi/n. 博爱，慈善，慈善事业 8．benevolence/b 'nev l ns/n. 慈善，仁慈
二、重点语块
In the community center, there was a__chorus__of (齐声) praise for the volunteers. Not__to__mention (更不用说) the organizers, who were deeply grateful. Many used to take__their__contributions__for__granted (认为他们的贡献是理所当然的), but today their efforts are being acknowledged. The volunteers are dying to do more and pray__that (但愿) their kindness would inspire others. They hoped to relay__to (转达给……) everyone the importance of giving back.
三、重点句式
1．我们正在读书时隔壁房间突然发出了巨大的响声。(be doing sth when ... “正在做……这时……”)
We__were__reading__books__when a big noise came from the next room.
2．我路过凯特家时，看到她正在被她爸爸训斥。(see sb doing sth “看见某人正在做某事”)
When I passed Kate's house, I__saw__her__being__scolded__by__her__father．
四、写作佳句
1．【教材P38】沿着杂草丛生、尘土飞扬的小路，我几分钟就能走到学校。
It__takes__me__only__a__few__minutes__to__walk__to__school__down__a__dusty__track__covered__in__weeds.
2．【教材P38】我走进校园时，男孩们齐声对我喊“早上好”。
When__I__reach__the__school__grounds,__I'm__greeted__by__a__chorus__of__“good__morning”__from__the__boys.
3．【教材P39】当我们拖着沉重的步伐下山回家时，我浑身肌肉酸痛，双膝颤抖。
My__muscles__were__aching__and__my__knees__shaking__as__we__dragged__ourselves__down__the__mountain__towards__home.
4．【教材P44】我们一起聊天，一起度过闲暇时光，除了上学和上班，我们从未分开过。
We__talked__together,__we__spent__our__leisure__time__together,__and__except__for__school__and__work,__we__were__never__apart.
硬核考点
考点1 dust n. 沙土；灰尘 vi.& vt. 擦灰 dust off 重新使用；掸去尘土 be done and dusted 完成，完结
1.I broke the case while I was__dusting (dust)．
2．They started strolling down the dusty (dust) road in the moonlight.
3．经过数周的不懈努力，项目终于圆满完成，团队因此获得了深深的成就感。(写作佳句)
After weeks of tireless effort, the__project__was__finally__done__and__dusted,__leaving the team with a profound sense of accomplishment.
考点2 shade vt. 给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗 n. 阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分；色度 shade one's eyes from ... 遮住某人的眼睛以避开…… shade into 渐渐变为，逐渐变为 in/under the shade (of ...) 在(……的)阴凉处 put ... in the shade 使……黯然失色，使……相形见绌
1.Rafi finally caught up and then they rested in the shade.
2．I shaded my eyes from the glare of the sun.
3．The walls were painted in two shades (shade) of green.
4．我费了很大力气，但她的成果让我的努力相形见绌。(写作佳句)
I tried hard but her work put__my__efforts__in__the__shade.
考点3 drag vt. 拖；拽 vt.& vi. 缓慢而费力地移动 drag ... out of ... 把……从……中拉出来 drag down 向下拖 drag along 拖着脚走，慢慢地行走 读后续写其他肢体动作： cup one's hands over 把手窝成杯状托住 slide one's hands into 将手伸进…… put one's hands to one's cheeks 用双手捂住脸 spread one's hands 摊开双手
1.I managed to drag myself out of bed the moment the bell rang.
2．You'll never get home if you drag along like this.
3．他努力把注意力拉回到手中的书上，继续读下去。(写作佳句)
With__an__effort__he__dragged__his__mind__back__to__the__book__in__hand__and__went__on__reading.
考点4 privilege n. 优惠待遇；特权 It is a privilege to do sth做某事是一种殊荣 have the privilege to do/of doing sth有特权做某事 be privileged to do sth有幸做某事
1.I take it for granted that I have the privilege to__enter (enter) the lab at my will.
2．I hope to have the privilege of working with them again.
3．今天我很荣幸地欢迎你们来到这里，并向你们介绍我对承担责任的看法。(写作佳句)
It__is__my__privilege__to__welcome__you__here__today and present my thought on taking responsibility.
【北师版必修第一册写作佳句】
Meanwhile, I'm an active member of my school's long distance running team and volunteering club. It always makes me excited to work hard and achieve a team goal together.
同时，我也是学校长跑队和志愿者俱乐部分积极成员。全力以赴，一起实现团队目标，总是让我兴奋不已。
考点5 deserve vt. 值得；应得；应受 deserve to do sth 应该做某事；值得做某事 deserve sth 值得某事/物；应得某事/物 deserve it (口语)活该；自作自受
1.He does deserve to__win (win) any respect from anybody.
2．There is no doubt that the man is guilty and that he deserves punishing/to__be__punished/punishment (punish).
3．保持开放的心态，因为每个人的想法都值得考虑。(写作佳句)
Keep an open mind, because everyone's ideas deserve__consideration/considering/to__be__considered.
考点6 take (...) for granted 认为(……)是理所当然；对(……)不予重视 take it for granted that＋从句 认为……理所当然 take其他相关短语： take ... seriously 认真对待…… take one's time 不用急；慢慢来 take pride in ... 以……为傲 take charge of 负责，掌管 take advantage of 利用
1.We always take it for granted that the earth can provide us with limitless natural resources, so we overdevelop the resources.
2．上个月我负责演讲活动时，我认真对待这件事。我充分利用每个向同学寻求建议的机会，因此我完美地组织了这次活动。我的所有同学都以我为荣。
When I took__charge__of the speech activity last month, I took__it__seriously. I took__advantage__of every chance to ask my classmates for their opinions so that I organized the activity perfectly. All of my classmates took__pride__in me.
【外研版选择性必修第四册写作佳句】
The central idea of the play is that happiness is to be found not in luxuries such as wealth, but in simple things that are found in family life, and in acts of friendship and kindness.
这部戏剧的中心思想是，幸福并非源于财富等奢侈之物，而是源于家庭生活中的简单事物，以及友谊和善意的行为之中。
强化训练
一、单句语法填空
1．(2023·北京高考)It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well being and financial stability (stable) of their future selves or community.
2．Finally, after he had been waiting for about half an hour, he was called in for his consultation (consult).
3．Unfortunately, his disability (able) forbade him from doing physical labor, and he wasn't well educated to find a desk job, so he remained jobless.
4．She had had a tough time lately (late) and the tip really warmed her heart.
5．The people inhabiting the area have adjusted to tough conditions and learned to spend most of their time in the shade.
6．Sam joined us last September and it has been a real privilege to__have (have) him with us.
7．In order to look after her sick mother, my friend decided to resign her position as a manager.
8．They said that Carson did not understand the science behind her arguments because she was a marine biologist rather than a chemist (chemistry).
9．I believe that everyone deserves to__experience (experience) the joy of a carefree and imaginative childhood.
10. The car pulled up too fast and skidded on the dusty (dust) shoulder of the road.
二、熟词生义
1．His speech was tuned to what the audience wanted to hear.调整；调节
2．The bus was delayed in a five mile jam.堵塞
3．Cut down between the bones so that all the chops are of uniform size.一致的；统一的
4．They'd got a special grant to encourage research.拨款
5．It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases.感染(疾病)
三、构词法
词缀 含义 例词
tract 表示 向某个方向拉 contract,__attract, abstract, distract, extract, detract, tractor, retract, subtract
写出下列黑体词的含义
1．The company decided to contract with a new supplier for their raw materials.签合同
2．The professor's lecture on quantum physics (量子物理) was so abstract that many students found it difficult to follow.抽象的
3．They tried to persuade me to retract my words.收回
4．The constant noise from the construction site distracted me from my work.无法专心，分心
5．We used a special tool to extract the juice from the fresh fruit.提取
6．The negative reviews detracted from the overall reputation of the restaurant.损害
四、补全句子
1．汤姆打开车门，把司机拽出来，把他送到警察局。(动作链)
Tom opened__the__car__door,__dragged__the__driver__out__and__sent__him__to__the__police__station．
2．我非常荣幸能就如何保护环境发表演讲。(privilege)
I am__greatly__privileged__to__deliver__a__speech on how to protect the environment.
3．我正在上网搜索相关信息时我的手机突然响了。(be doing ... when ...)
I was__searching__the__Internet__for__the__relevant__information__when my cellphone rang.
4．I abandoned myself to binge－watching TV series. I fared poorly in my work presentations and let down my colleagues.
→Abandoning__myself__to__binge watching__TV__series,__I fared poorly in my work presentations and let down my colleagues.
5．这些故事不仅可以释放我们的压力，还可以开阔我们的眼界。(not only ... but also ... 部分倒装句)
Not__only__can__these__stories__relieve__our__stress,__but__also__they__can__broaden__our__horizons.
6．虽然他辞职了，但他仍尽他所能来帮助残疾人，所以他值得表扬。
Although he resigned, he still did whatever he could to help the disabled, so he deserved__prasing. (deserve doing)
＝Although he resigned, he still did whatever he could to help the disabled, so he deserved__to__be__praised. (deserve to be done)
＝Although he resigned, he still did whatever he could to help the disabled, so he deserved__praise. (deserve＋n.)
五、长难句分析
(2024·浙江高考1月)We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie－poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction.
句意：我们之所以会被甜食所吸引，是因为我们的祖先生活在一个热量匮乏的世界，而我们的大脑针对这些甜食发展出了一种反应机制，这种机制能够反映出甜食的价值——即带来奖赏感和满足感。
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句；that 引导定语从句。
读写用—素养提升
一、加强语言运用——明晰考向 以阅读促运用
(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)When Jim Grant spotted black smoke coming out of a building on his way to work, he __41__his car to call 911. Then he __42__ a U turn, circling back to take another look.
Pulling up to the building, Grant saw flames (火焰) shooting out of a second floor window. Not seeing or hearing any fire engines __43__. Grant rushed to a side __44__ and ran up the stairs.
On the second floor, he __45__ every apartment door. “Get out！” Grant shouted. No one __46__ and he assumed that people had already __47__. Reaching the end of the hallway, though, Grant __48__ a half open door. He kicked it wide open, finding a __49__ woman in a wheelchair with a little boy and a tiny baby. “Let's __50__！” he screamed. The woman looked at him in confusion and said something about changing her clothes. Grant didn't wait, clutching (抓牢) the baby to his chest and __51__ the boy alongside, Grant ran down the hallway. When he was __52__ outside, the only __53__ in sight was a policeman. Grant told him about the __54__ and they rushed into the smoky building.
Thanks to them, a family was saved from the fire. Grant and the policeman were honored for their __55__．
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了主人公Grant (格兰特)见义勇为的故事。
41．A.drove B．stopped
C．reached D．abandoned
答案：B
解析：根据上文“black smoke coming out of a building”可知，大楼着火了，所以他停下车去拨打911报警。故选B。
42．A.saw B．made
C．missed D．crossed
答案：B
解析：make a U turn意为“掉头”，为固定搭配。故选B。
43．A.burning B．leaving
C．approaching D．waiting
答案：C
解析：火焰已经从二楼喷出来，并且Grant跑上楼梯去救火，由此可以推测消防车还没来，此处approach表示“接近”，符合题意。故选C。
44．A.entrance B．road
C．building D．window
答案：A
解析：二楼窗户喷火并且消防车没来，Grant为了救火冲到了侧门，side entrance “侧门”，符合题意。故选 A。
45．A.locked B．kicked
C．counted D．repaired
答案：B
解析：根据上文可知，大楼着火了。Grant冲上楼去救火，所以踢门符合当时救人心切的情境。故选B。
46．A.agreed B．cared
C．responded D．understood
答案：C
解析：Grant踢门询问里面是否有人，再结合后面他认为人已经逃走了可推知，此处表示没有人回应他。故选C。
47．A.arrived B．returned
C．hidden D．escaped
答案：D
解析：Grant踢门但没有人回应，所以他以为人们已经逃走，escape “逃走”，符合题意。故选D。
48．A.skipped B．closed
C．noticed D．remembered
答案：C
解析：Grant以为人们都逃走了，并且Grant是来救人的，所以Grant注意到一扇半开的门。故选C。
49．A.frightened B．curious
C．patient D．grateful
答案：A
解析：frightened 害怕的；curious 好奇的；patient 有耐心的；grateful 感激的。根据下文中的“The woman looked at him in confusion”可知，该女士有些茫然，结合选项可排除B、C、D三项，大楼发生了火灾，所以女士是害怕的。故选A。
50．A.turn back B．go up
C．get out D．lie down
答案：C
解析：turn back 返回；go up 上升；get out 出去；lie down 躺下。Grant找到了被困人员，所以要带他们出去。故选C。
51．A.following B．dragging
C．examining D．passing
答案：B
解析：follow 跟随；drag 拖拉；拖着(脚或腿)走；examine 测试；pass 通过。根据语境可知，Grant一手抓牢婴儿，一手拽着小男孩沿着走廊跑去。结合选项可排除A、C、D三项。故选B。
52．A.safely B．secretly
C．suddenly D．previously
答案：A
解析：safely 安全地；secretly 秘密地；suddenly 突然地；previously 以前地。Grant把被困人员救了出来，此处表示安全地到达外面。故选A。
53．A.witness B．guide
C．service D．help
答案：D
解析：witness 目击者；guide 指南；service 服务；help 帮助。警察是提供帮助的。故选D。
54．A.woman B．door
C．car D．baby
答案：A
解析：Grant把婴儿和小男孩救出来了，那位女士还没有出来，所以他告诉警察那位女士还在里面。故选A。
55．A.wisdom B．generosity
C．honesty D．courage
答案：D
解析：wisdom 智慧；generosity 慷慨；honesty 诚实；courage 勇气。警察和Grant冲进大火里救了这一家人，是非常有勇气的，所以因他们的勇气而受到表彰。故选D。
根据排除法确定答案
1．排除法是一种有效的策略，特别是在时间紧迫或选项难以抉择时，它能帮助快速缩小选择范围，提高解题效率。
2．当不确定正确答案时，可以先排除明显不符合语境或语法规则的选项，再从中选择最符合文章意义的词汇。
二、读后续写——必备微技能
高品素材 修辞
1．比喻：利用事物相似之处用熟知的、浅显的、具体的事物去说明或描写生疏的、深奥的、抽象的事物。常用喻词有like, as ... as, as if, be动词等。
(1)Her laughter was like a warm blanket.
她的笑声像毛毯一样温暖。
(2)Her skin was as smooth as silk.
她的皮肤像丝绸一样光滑。
(3)Life is an unexplored river, full of twists and turns.
生活就像一条未被涉足的河流，充满曲折。
2．拟人：把事物人格化，将本来不具备人的动作和感情的事物变成和人一样具有动作和感情的样子。
(1)The flowers nodded in the breeze.
花儿在微风中点头。
(2)The rose in the garden gave me a smile of victory.
花园中的玫瑰给了我一个胜利的微笑。
(3)Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest.
顷刻间，黑暗统治了森林。
(4)Fear seized/swallowed him.
恐惧吞噬了他。
3．夸张：为了表达强烈的思想感情，突出事物的形象、特征、作用、程度等，运用丰富的想象力，对事物的某些方面着意夸大或缩小的修辞手法。
(1)She almost died laughing.
她差点笑死了。
(2)He was so tall that his head touched the clouds.
他太高了，头都快顶到云彩了。
(3)Hearing the news, she found scores of arrows were piercing her chest.
听到这个消息，她感到万剑穿心。
(4)My heart broke into about a million pieces.
我的心都碎了。
4．排比：利用意义相关或相近，结构(主、谓、宾、状等)相同或相似和语气相同的词组或句子并排(三句或三句以上)，段落并排(两段即可), 达到一种加强语势的效果。
(1)Mother was very busy gathering the laundry, dusting the furniture and washing the dishes.
母亲正忙着收拾要洗的衣服，掸去家具上的灰尘，洗碗。
(2)Whether in class, at work, or at home, James was always busy.
无论是在课堂上，在工作中，还是在家里，詹姆斯总是忙碌的。
(3)Don't make promise when you are in joy. Don't reply when you are sad. Don't take decision when you are angry. Think twice and act wise.
别在喜悦的时候许下承诺；别在悲伤的时候做出回答；别在愤怒的时候作出决定。三思而后行。做出睿智的行为。
(4)Pain makes you stronger, tears make you braver, heartbreak makes you wiser, so thank the past for a better future.
痛苦，会让你更强大；眼泪，会让你更勇敢；心碎，会让你更睿智，所以为了更好的未来感谢过去吧。
高效课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读
A
(2025·河北省衡水市桃城区高三月考)
What we do
We champion the writer in every child. Starting in 2010, we aim to offer help to young people. We develop self respect and communication skills through innovative writing programmes and one to one mentoring for children living in under resourced communities, working in schools and at our writing center in east London.
Our people
Meet the people who are behind the writing workshops, running a shop and shaping the future of our organization. Day by day, we also rely on more than specially 200 trained volunteers who help with all aspects of our work. And we are always looking for more enthusiastic volunteers who are excited to work alongside our young people to help bring their stories to life.
Our purpose
Through a range of creative writing programmes and small group mentoring, we help young people discover and realise their own potential. Through our innovative storytelling and writing workshops, children can gain confidence and grow in self respect.
Our method
We help young people develop new skills, discover their imagination and achieve their potential by inspiring them to change their lives through the power of writing. And our publishing platforms make sure their voices are always heard.
How we work with writers
We are building a national network of like minded professionals and a growing family of organisations that support children and young people's creative writing. We have a free after school writing workshop for children aged 6－15 from our east London community. The position of the workshop is on the Hoxton Street. We also work with schools and teachers in east London to help young people discover their confidence and get them to learn through the power of their imagination.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了位于伦敦东区的一个非营利组织，该组织通过创意写作项目和一对一辅导帮助青少年发现和实现自己的潜力。
1．What do we know about the organization
A．It operates largely on a volunteer basis.
B．It aims to find innovative people to join.
C．It provides young writers with guidance.
D．It works for the communities in London.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据Our people部分中的“Day by day, we also ... bring their stories to life.”可知，该组织依赖着200多名经过专门培训的志愿者在工作的各个方面提供帮助，并且一直寻找更多的志愿者，所以它在很大程度上以志愿者为基础运作。故选A。
2．What is the location of the after school writing workshop
A．A community center in west London.
B．The Hoxton Street in London.
C．A library on Hoxton Street.
D．A school in east London.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据How we work with writers部分中的“We have a free ... on the Hoxton Street.”可知，课外写作研习班在伦敦的霍克斯顿街。故选B。
3．Where can the text be taken
A．On a movie poster.
B．In a writing contest.
C．At an educational website.
D．In a workshop report.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了位于伦敦东区的一个非营利组织，该组织通过创意写作项目和一对一辅导帮助青少年发现他们的自信和实现自己的潜力，由此可推知，该文章可能摘自教育网站。故选C。
B
(2025·湖南省邵阳市高三期中)One sunny afternoon in the park, I witnessed a remarkable scene. An elderly gentleman was standing by the side of a path, looking confused and lost. Just at that moment, a kindhearted young girl approached him. She asked him gently what was wrong and listened patiently as he struggled to explain.
Without hesitation, the girl took his hand and slowly guided him along the path, chatting with him to ease his anxiety. They walked together until they reached the place the old man was supposed to be. The old man smiled with thankfulness and relief.
After helping the old man, the girl didn't just leave. She spent some more time with him, sharing some interesting stories and making him laugh. The old man's eyes sparkled with joy, and it was clear that this interaction had brightened his day. The girl's kindness seemed to have an effect, as other people in the park also noticed and were inspired by her actions.
I continued to observe as the girl then decided to stay with the old man for a while longer. They sat on a bench together, and the girl began to tell him about her own life, her dreams, and her adventures. The old man listened attentively, nodding and smiling from time to time. It was a beautiful sight to behold, this unlikely pair sharing such a genuine and heartwarming connection.
This encounter made me reflect on the importance of kindness in our society. In a world that can often seem cold and hurried, acts like the girl's are like the tower of light, showing us the way to a more empathetic (同情的) and caring existence. It also made me think about how we all have the potential to make a difference in someone else's life, no matter how small the act may be.
Now, whenever I recall this scene, it warms my heart and reminds me to be more willing to offer a helping hand, to spread kindness wherever I go, and to believe in the goodness that lies within each of us.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在公园里目睹了一位善良的年轻女孩帮助一位迷路的老人，并由此反思善良的重要性的故事。
4．What did the girl do for the old man
A．She gave him a warm and comforting hug to make him feel better.
B．She took his hand and guided him to find the place he was supposed to be.
C．She asked to take a photo with him to capture the moment.
D．She went to a nearby store and bought him a refreshing drink.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Without hesitation ... was supposed to be.”可知，女孩牵着老人的手，沿着小路引导他，帮助他找到他打算去的地方。故选B。
5．How did the old man feel in the end
A．He felt extremely grateful and had a big smile on his face because he was happy.
B．He was still hungry and sad as no one really cared about his needs.
C．He felt fearful and angry because the girl was too pushy.
D．He felt cold and tired as the walk was too long.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The old man smiled with thankfulness and relief.”和第三段中的“The old man's eyes sparkled ... this interaction had brightened his day.”可知，老人感到非常感激，脸上露出开心的笑容。故选A。
6．What can we infer about the author's attitude
A．Doubtful. B．Disapproving.
C．Negative. D．Admiring.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段(现在，每当我回想起这一幕，它都温暖着我的心，提醒我更愿意伸出援助之手，无论我走到哪里，都要传播善意，相信我们每个人内心的善良。)可推知，作者对女孩的行为是赞赏的。故选D。
7．Where is this passage most likely from
A．Travel guide. B．Science textbook.
C．Personal blog. D．Trendy magazine.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者在公园里目睹了一位善良的年轻女孩帮助一位迷路的老人，并由此反思善良的重要性的故事。由此可推知，文章最有可能来自分享经历和感悟的个人博客。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·江西省多校联考高三月考)Volunteering is a fun and easy way to explore your interests and passions. Doing volunteer work you find meaningful and interesting can be a relaxing and energizing relaxation from your day to day routine of work, school, or family commitments. __1__ However, it's important that you enjoy your volunteering and benefit from it. Therefore, to make sure your volunteer position is a good fit, you are supposed to do the following.
Ask questions. __2__ You can ask the volunteer organizer some questions: Is there any training involved Who will I be working with What can I do if I have questions during my volunteer activity
Make sure you know what's expected. You should be comfortable with the organization and understand the commitment of time. __3__ Give yourself some flexibility to change your focus if needed. Don't be afraid to make a change. Don't force yourself to do things that don't suit you. Don't force yourself to stick with volunteer work that you don't enjoy. Talk to the organization about changing your focus or look for a different organization that's a better fit.
__4__ Some volunteer programs abroad can cause more harm than good if they take much needed paying jobs away from local workers. Look for volunteer opportunities with reputable (声誉好的) organizations.
Enjoy yourself. The best volunteer experiences benefit both the volunteer and the organization. If you're not enjoying yourself, ask yourself why. Is it the tasks you're performing Or are you uncomfortable simply because the situation is new and unfamiliar __5__
A．Try volunteering your time abroad.
B．Choose carefully if volunteering overseas.
C．It renews your creativity, motivation and vision, and shapes your life.
D．Identifying what's bothering you can help you decide how to proceed.
E．Consider starting small so that you don't over commit yourself at first.
F．When it comes to volunteering, passion and positivity are the only requirement.
G．You want to ensure the experience matches your skills, goals and available time.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了实用的志愿服务建议，以确保志愿者能从中受益并享受过程。
1．答案：C
解析：根据上文“Doing volunteer work ... or family commitments.”可知，做你觉得有意义和有趣的志愿者工作可以让你放松且充满活力。C项(它更新你的创造力、动力和视野，塑造你的生活。)承接上文。故选C。
2．答案：G
解析：根据主题句“Ask questions.”可知，本段主要讲述要提出问题。G项(你要确保这段经历符合你的技能、目标和可用时间。)解释提出问题的原因。故选G。
3．答案：E
解析：根据上文“You should be comfortable with the organization and understand the commitment of time.”可知，你应该对这个组织感到舒适，并理解要花费的时间。E项(考虑从小事开始，这样你就不会一开始就过度承诺自己。)承接上文。故选E。
4．答案：B
解析：根据下文内容可知，本段主要讲述在海外做志愿者时要慎重。B项(在海外做志愿者要慎重选择。)概括本段内容。故选B。
5．答案：D
解析：根据上文内容可知，本段主要讲述应让自己在志愿活动中感到快乐。D项(确定困扰你的是什么可以帮助你决定如何继续。)符合语境。故选D。
23(共88张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
第一编 教材复习
选择性必修第四册
UNIT 4 SHARING
单元话题 语法 写作
志愿服务 短语(复习) 中国对其他国家援助的演讲
教材深挖
高效课时作业
目录
CONTENTS
2
3
高效晨背
1
高效晨背
一 背记单词
◎日常生活物品
1．________ n. 包裹
2．jam n. ________________
3．________ n. 邮件；信件；邮政
4．clay n. ________________
5．________ n. 校服；制服
6．tablet n. ____________________
7．rubber n. ___________________
parcel
果酱；堵塞
mail
黏土；陶土
uniform
平板电脑；便笺本；药片
橡皮；黑板擦；橡胶
8．washroom n. ________________
9．tube n. ________________
10．hut n. _______________________
11．housing n. ________________
12．platform n. ________________
13．fireplace n. ________________
14．saucer n. ________________
15．kettle n. __________________
16．pan n. ________________
17．jar n. ________________
18．grill n. ________________
洗手间；厕所
管子；管状物
简陋的小房子(或棚、舍)
住房；住宅
平台；站台；舞台
壁炉
茶碟；杯托
(烧水用的)壶；水壶
平底锅；烤盘
罐子；坛子
烤架；烤肉餐馆
◎描述词
19．________ adj. 中学的；次要的
20．dusty adj. ________________
21．________ adj. 死板的；固执的
22．________ vt.& vi. 起皱纹
23．________ adj. 成熟的
24．leftover adj. ________________
25．privilege n. ________________
26．________ vt. 同意；准许 n. 拨款
27．cardiac adj. ________________
28．hypothetical adj. ________________
secondary
布满灰尘的
rigid
wrinkle
ripe
吃剩的；残留的
优惠待遇；特权
grant
心脏病的；心脏的
假设的；假定的
◎其他
29．weed n. ________________
30．chorus n. ________________
31．cotton n. ________________
32．bubble vi. ________________
33．circus n. ________________
34．________ vt. 给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩
35．jaw n. ________________
36．forehead n. ________________
37．doorway n. ______________________
杂草；野草
合唱曲；合唱团
棉布；棉花
起泡；沸腾
马戏团
shade
颌；下巴
额；前额
门口；出入口；门道
38．__________ n. 握手
39．________ vt. 拖
40．plug vt. ________________
41．________ vi.& vt. 辞职
42．input n. ________________________
43．tune n. ________________
44．________ vt. 感染
45．circuit n. ________________
46．________ vt. 转发；转播 n. 接力赛；接班的人
47．________ n. 标准
48．pray vi.& vt. ________________
handshake
drag
封堵；补足
resign
情况；信息；投入；输入
曲调；曲子
contract
巡回；环形线路
relay
criterion
企盼；祈祷
二 词形变化
1.second n. 秒→___________ adj. 中学的→_________ adv. 第二
2．dust n. 沙土→________ adj. 布满灰尘的
3．rub vt.& vi. 擦→________ n. 橡皮
4．chemist n. 化学家→__________ n. 化学→________ adj. 化学的
5．ripe adj. 成熟的→________ vt.& vi. 成熟
6．able adj. 有能力的→________ n. 能力→________ vt. 使残废→________ adj. 有残疾的→________ n. 缺陷
7．deserve vt. 值得→_________ adv. 理所应当地→________ adj. 值得的
8．late adj.& adv. 晚→________ adv. 最近
9．consult vt. 咨询→____________ n. 咨询→___________ n. 顾问
10．stable adj. 稳定的→________ n. 稳定→________ adj. 不稳定的
secondary
secondly
dusty
rubber
chemistry
chemical
ripen
ability
disable
disabled
disability
deservedly
deserving
lately
consultation
consultant
stability
unstable
1．I could see a thick layer of ________ on the stairs. Piles of ________ books lay on the floor as if no one was living there. (dust)
2．She is ________， but refuses to let her __________ prevent her from doing what she wants to do. (able)
3．______ he has been busy volunteering, so he sometimes comes ____ to school. (late)
4．His father wanted him to become a professional and have more ________. After several part time jobs, he's now got a ________ job in a bank. (stable)
5．I _________ a nutrition _________ working in the hospital. Twenty minutes later, a personal diet plan was devised after a ___________ with the nutritionist.(consult)
6．__________ is important for me because in the future I want to be a ________．(chemist)
dust
dusty
disabled
disability
Lately
late
stability
stable
consulted
consultant
consultation
Chemistry
chemist
1.jam [熟义] n. 果酱
[生义] n. _____________________
2．uniform [熟义] n. 校服；制服
[生义] adj. ____________________
3．tune [熟义] n. 曲调；曲子
[生义] v. ____________________
4．contract [熟义] v. 与……订立合同(或契约) n. 合同；契约
[生义] v. ____________________
5．grant [熟义] v. 同意；准许
[生义] n. ____________________
三 熟词生义
堵塞，拥挤；卡住
一致的；统一的
调整(发动机);调音；调节；调频道
感染(疾病)
拨款
1．There's a paper jam in the photocopier.
复印机________纸了。
2．No one was sure how the man contracted the disease.
没人知道这个人是怎么________这种疾病的。
3．Drivers are urged to make sure that car engines are properly tuned.
司机们被要求确保汽车引擎________了。
4．The walls were a uniform grey.
墙壁都________是灰色的。
5．They'd got a special grant to encourage research.
他们得到了一笔特殊的________来鼓励研究。
卡
感染
调好
统一
拨款
1. “邮政”家族 ①_______ n. 邮包 ②post office 邮局 ③_______ n. 信箱 ④mail n. 邮政；邮件；信件 vt. 邮寄；发电邮给 ⑤postman n. 邮递员 ⑥stamp n. 邮票 2.名词＋后缀－y变为形容词 ①dust→_______布满灰尘的 ②health→healthy 健康的 ③dirt→dirty 脏的 ④rain→rainy 有雨的 ⑤sun→sunny 阳光明媚的 ⑥cloud→_______ 阴天的 3.同义词(英美英语)
①_______→eraser 橡皮
②flat→_________ 公寓
③lift→elevator 电梯
④underground→subway 地铁
⑤picture→movie 电影
⑥petrol→gas 汽油
小积累 word families
parcel
mailbox
dusty
cloudy
rubber
apartment
一 词表短语/课文短语
1.________________ 齐声；异口同声
2．________________ 更不用说；且不说
3．_________________ 认为(……)是理所当然；对(……)不予重视
4．________________ 转达给……；转发给……
5．__________ 但愿
6．_____________ 老实说；说实话
a chorus of
not to mention
take (...) for granted
relay to
pray that
to be honest
选用上面的短语填空
1．Please ________ this message ________ the manager: the customers are very satisfied with the service and would like to commend the staff.
2．As the storm approached, they huddled together in the basement, ___________ their house would withstand the high winds and heavy rain.
3．We often ________ our health ____________， not realizing how precious it is until we get sick.
4．At the concert's climax, ____________ voices sang in harmony, creating a magical atmosphere that left the audience spellbound.
5．The new restaurant has delicious food, ________________ the stunning view of the city skyline from its rooftop terrace.
relay
to
praying that
take
for granted
a chorus of
not to mention
二 写作词块
1._________________________________ 有强烈的责任感
2．__________________________ 随时准备帮助别人
3．________________ 提供好的服务
4．_________________________________ 深入了解社区
5．________________ 减轻痛苦
6．__________________ 海外经验
7．__________________________ 帮助其他国家发展
have a strong sense of responsibility
be always ready to help others
offer good service
gain a deep insight into the community
ease suffering
overseas experience
help other countries to develop
8．________________________________ 在几乎世界上每个角落工作
9．____________________ 体贴的照顾者
10．_______________________________ 积极参与社会活动
11．_________________________ 通过某些人的共同努力
12．________________ 全球公民
work in nearly every corner of the world
a considerate caregiver
take an active part in social activities
with one’s combined efforts
global citizens
1．(教材P38)几天前，我正在给男孩们演示一个化学实验，在我反应过来前，混合物冒着泡从试管中涌出，洒得到处都是！(be doing ... when ... “正在做……这时……”)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．(教材P38)我和另一位老师步行了两个半小时才到达那里。首先，爬上一座山，在山上我们看到了美妙的景色，然后沿着一条树荫遮蔽的小路走到下面的山谷。(from where引导定语从句)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when， before I knew it， the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere!
Another teacher and I walked for two and a half hours to get there—first, up a mountain from where we had fantastic views, and then down a shaded path to the valley below.
3．(教材P44)我们看到中国的矿工、石油工人、农业专家、机械师和医生几乎在世界的每个角落忙碌着。(see sb doing sth “看见某人正在做某事”)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4．(教材P45)既然我明白了我妈妈的工作有多么重要，我已经决定自己也成为一名志愿者，去帮助其他国家的人。(now that引导原因状语从句)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
And we see Chinese miners，oil workers， agricultural experts，mechanics， and doctors working in nearly every corner of the world.
Now that I understand how important my mother?s work is, I’ve decided to become a volunteer myself to help people in other lands.
教材深挖
自主检测
一、重点单词
1．chemist n. 化学家；药剂师；药房→__________ n. 化学→________ adj. 化学的
2．ripe adj. 成熟的；时机成熟的→________ vt.& vi. (使)成熟
3．stable adj. 稳定的；牢固的→________ n. 稳定(性)；稳固(性)→________ adj. 不稳定的
4．consult vt. 咨询；请教；商量；查询→____________ n. 咨询；咨询会→___________ n. 顾问
5．able adj. 有能力的→________ n. 能力→________ vt. 使(某人)残废；使……无能→________ adj. 有残疾的；丧失能力的→________ n. 缺陷；障碍
chemistry
chemical
ripen
stability
unstable
consultation
consultant
ability
disable
disabled
disability
拔高词汇— 高分必备
自愿的，志愿的
国民的，公民的
同情，怜悯
无私，忘我
人道主义，博爱主义
利他主义
1.voluntary/'v l ntri/adj. ___________________ 2．civil/'sIvl/adj. ________________ 3．compassion/k m'p n/n. ________________ 4．selflessness/'selfl sn s/n. ________________ 5.humanitarianism/hju m nI'te ri nIz m/n.
__________________________
6．altruism/' ltruIz m/n. ________________
7．philanthropy/fI'l nθr pi/n. __________________________
8．benevolence/b 'nev l ns/n. ______________
博爱，慈善，慈善事业
慈善，仁慈
二、重点语块
In the community center, there was ____________ (齐声) praise for the volunteers. ______________ (更不用说) the organizers, who were deeply grateful. Many used to ______________________________ (认为他们的贡献是理所当然的), but today their efforts are being acknowledged. The volunteers are dying to do more and __________ (但愿) their kindness would inspire others. They hoped to ____________ (转达给……) everyone the importance of giving back.
a chorus of
Not to mention
take their contributions for granted
pray that
relay to
三、重点句式
1．我们正在读书时隔壁房间突然发出了巨大的响声。(be doing sth when ... “正在做……这时……”)
__________________________ a big noise came from the next room.
2．我路过凯特家时，看到她正在被她爸爸训斥。(see sb doing sth “看见某人正在做某事”)
When I passed Kate's house, ___________________________________．
We were reading books when
I saw her being scolded by her father
四、写作佳句
1．【教材P38】沿着杂草丛生、尘土飞扬的小路，我几分钟就能走到学校。
____________________________________________________________________
2．【教材P38】我走进校园时，男孩们齐声对我喊“早上好”。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds.
When I reach the school grounds, I'm greeted by a chorus of “good morning” from the boys.
3．【教材P39】当我们拖着沉重的步伐下山回家时，我浑身肌肉酸痛，双膝颤抖。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4．【教材P44】我们一起聊天，一起度过闲暇时光，除了上学和上班，我们从未分开过。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we dragged ourselves down the mountain towards home.
We talked together, we spent our leisure time together, and except for school and work, we were never apart.
硬核考点
考点1 dust n. 沙土；灰尘 vi.& vt. 擦灰
dust off 重新使用；掸去尘土
be done and dusted 完成，完结
1.I broke the case while I ____________ (dust)．
2．They started strolling down the ________ (dust) road in the moonlight.
3．经过数周的不懈努力，项目终于圆满完成，团队因此获得了深深的成就感。(写作佳句)
After weeks of tireless effort, ________________________________， leaving the team with a profound sense of accomplishment.
was dusting
dusty
the project was finally done and dusted
考点2 shade vt. 给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗 n. 阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分；色度
shade one's eyes from ... 遮住某人的眼睛以避开……
shade into 渐渐变为，逐渐变为
in/under the shade (of ...) 在(……的)阴凉处
put ... in the shade 使……黯然失色，使……相形见绌
1.Rafi finally caught up and then they rested ________ the shade.
2．I shaded my eyes ________ the glare of the sun.
3．The walls were painted in two ________ (shade) of green.
4．我费了很大力气，但她的成果让我的努力相形见绌。(写作佳句)
I tried hard but her work ________________________________．
in
from
shades
put my efforts in the shade
考点3 drag vt. 拖；拽 vt.& vi. 缓慢而费力地移动
drag ... out of ... 把……从……中拉出来
drag down 向下拖
drag along 拖着脚走，慢慢地行走
读后续写其他肢体动作：
cup one's hands over 把手窝成杯状托住
slide one's hands into 将手伸进……
put one's hands to one's cheeks 用双手捂住脸
spread one's hands 摊开双手
1.I managed to drag myself out ________ bed the moment the bell rang.
2．You'll never get home if you drag ________ like this.
3．他努力把注意力拉回到手中的书上，继续读下去。(写作佳句)
____________________________________________________________________
of
along
With an effort he dragged his mind back to the book in hand and went on reading.
考点4 privilege n. 优惠待遇；特权
It is a privilege to do sth做某事是一种殊荣
have the privilege to do/of doing sth有特权做某事
be privileged to do sth有幸做某事
1.I take it for granted that I have the privilege ________ (enter) the lab at my will.
2．I hope to have the privilege ________ working with them again.
3．今天我很荣幸地欢迎你们来到这里，并向你们介绍我对承担责任的看法。(写作佳句)
______________________________________ and present my thought on taking responsibility.
to enter
of
It is my privilege to welcome you here today
【北师版必修第一册写作佳句】
Meanwhile, I'm an active member of my school's long distance running team and volunteering club. It always makes me excited to work hard and achieve a team goal together.
同时，我也是学校长跑队和志愿者俱乐部分积极成员。全力以赴，一起实现团队目标，总是让我兴奋不已。
1.He does deserve ________ (win) any respect from anybody.
2．There is no doubt that the man is guilty and that he deserves ________________ _______________________ (punish).
3．保持开放的心态，因为每个人的想法都值得考虑。(写作佳句)
Keep an open mind, because everyone's ideas _______________________________ ________________．
to win
punishing/to be punished/punishment
deserve consideration/considering/to be considered
考点6 take (...) for granted 认为(……)是理所当然；对(……)不予重视
take it for granted that＋从句 认为……理所当然
take其他相关短语：
take ... seriously 认真对待……
take one's time 不用急；慢慢来
take pride in ... 以……为傲
take charge of 负责，掌管
take advantage of 利用
1．We always take it for granted ________ the earth can provide us with limitless natural resources, so we overdevelop the resources.
2．上个月我负责演讲活动时，我认真对待这件事。我充分利用每个向同学寻求建议的机会，因此我完美地组织了这次活动。我的所有同学都以我为荣。
When I ________________ the speech activity last month, I ________________. I ________________ every chance to ask my classmates for their opinions so that I organized the activity perfectly. All of my classmates ______________ me.
that
took charge of
took it seriously
took advantage of
took pride in
【外研版选择性必修第四册写作佳句】
The central idea of the play is that happiness is to be found not in luxuries such as wealth, but in simple things that are found in family life, and in acts of friendship and kindness.
这部戏剧的中心思想是，幸福并非源于财富等奢侈之物，而是源于家庭生活中的简单事物，以及友谊和善意的行为之中。
强化训练
一、单句语法填空
1．(2023·北京高考)It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well being and financial ________ (stable) of their future selves or community.
2．Finally, after he had been waiting for about half an hour, he was called in for his ___________ (consult).
3．Unfortunately, his ________ (able) forbade him from doing physical labor, and he wasn't well educated to find a desk job, so he remained jobless.
4．She had had a tough time ________ (late) and the tip really warmed her heart.
stability
consultation
disability
lately
5．The people inhabiting the area have adjusted to tough conditions and learned to spend most of their time ________ the shade.
6．Sam joined us last September and it has been a real privilege ________ (have) him with us.
7．In order to look after her sick mother, my friend decided to resign her position ________ a manager.
8．They said that Carson did not understand the science behind her arguments because she was a marine biologist rather than a ________ (chemistry).
9．I believe that everyone deserves ______________ (experience) the joy of a carefree and imaginative childhood.
10. The car pulled up too fast and skidded on the ______ (dust) shoulder of the road.
in
to have
as
chemist
to experience
dusty
二、熟词生义
1．His speech was tuned to what the audience wanted to hear.____________
2．The bus was delayed in a five mile jam.____________
3．Cut down between the bones so that all the chops are of uniform size.__________________
4．They'd got a special grant to encourage research.____________
5．It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases.____________
调整；调节
堵塞
一致的；统一的
拨款
感染(疾病)
词缀 含义 例词
tract 表示 ____________ ________， attract, abstract, distract, extract, detract, tractor, retract, subtract
三、构词法
向某个方向拉
contract
写出下列黑体词的含义
1．The company decided to contract with a new supplier for their raw materials.____________
2．The professor's lecture on quantum physics (量子物理) was so abstract that many students found it difficult to follow.____________
3．They tried to persuade me to retract my words.____________
4．The constant noise from the construction site distracted me from my work.____________
5．We used a special tool to extract the juice from the fresh fruit.____________
6．The negative reviews detracted from the overall reputation of the restaurant.____________
签合同
抽象的
收回
无法专心，分心
提取
损害
四、补全句子
1．汤姆打开车门，把司机拽出来，把他送到警察局。(动作链)
Tom _____________________________________________________________．
2．我非常荣幸能就如何保护环境发表演讲。(privilege)
I __________________________________ on how to protect the environment.
3．我正在上网搜索相关信息时我的手机突然响了。(be doing ... when ...)
I ___________________________________________________ my cellphone rang.
opened the car door, dragged the driver out and sent him to the police station
am greatly privileged to deliver a speech
was searching the Internet for the relevant information when
4．I abandoned myself to binge－watching TV series. I fared poorly in my work presentations and let down my colleagues.
→___________________________________________， I fared poorly in my work presentations and let down my colleagues.
5．这些故事不仅可以释放我们的压力，还可以开阔我们的眼界。(not only ... but also ... 部分倒装句)
____________________________________________________________________
Abandoning myself to binge watching TV series
Not only can these stories relieve our stress, but also they can broaden our horizons.
6．虽然他辞职了，但他仍尽他所能来帮助残疾人，所以他值得表扬。
Although he resigned, he still did whatever he could to help the disabled, so he _________________. (deserve doing)
＝Although he resigned, he still did whatever he could to help the disabled, so he ____________________. (deserve to be done)
＝Although he resigned, he still did whatever he could to help the disabled, so he ________________. (deserve＋n.)
deserved prasing
deserved to be praised
deserved praise
五、长难句分析
(2024·浙江高考1月)We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie－poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction.
句意：我们之所以会被甜食所吸引，是因为我们的祖先生活在一个热量匮乏的世界，而我们的大脑针对这些甜食发展出了一种反应机制，这种机制能够反映出甜食的价值——即带来奖赏感和满足感。
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。because引导__________从句；that 引导________从句。
原因状语
定语
读写用—素养提升
一、加强语言运用——明晰考向 以阅读促运用
(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)When Jim Grant spotted black smoke coming out of a building on his way to work, he __41__his car to call 911. Then he __42__ a U turn, circling back to take another look.
Pulling up to the building, Grant saw flames (火焰) shooting out of a second floor window. Not seeing or hearing any fire engines __43__. Grant rushed to a side __44__ and ran up the stairs.
On the second floor, he __45__ every apartment door. “Get out！” Grant shouted. No one __46__ and he assumed that people had already __47__. Reaching the end of the hallway, though, Grant __48__ a half open door. He kicked it wide open, finding a __49__ woman in a wheelchair with a little boy and a tiny baby. “Let's __50__！” he screamed. The woman looked at him in confusion and said something about changing her clothes. Grant didn't wait, clutching (抓牢) the baby to his chest and __51__ the boy alongside, Grant ran down the hallway. When he was __52__ outside, the only __53__ in sight was a policeman. Grant told him about the __54__ and they rushed into the smoky building.
Thanks to them, a family was saved from the fire. Grant and the policeman were honored for their __55__．
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了主人公Grant (格兰特)见义勇为的故事。
41．A.drove B．stopped
C．reached D．abandoned
42．A.saw B．made
C．missed D．crossed
解析：根据上文“black smoke coming out of a building”可知，大楼着火了，所以他停下车去拨打911报警。故选B。
解析： make a U turn意为“掉头”，为固定搭配。故选B。
43．A.burning B．leaving
C．approaching D．waiting
44．A.entrance B．road
C．building D．window
解析：火焰已经从二楼喷出来，并且Grant跑上楼梯去救火，由此可以推测消防车还没来，此处approach表示“接近”，符合题意。故选C。
解析：二楼窗户喷火并且消防车没来，Grant为了救火冲到了侧门，side entrance “侧门”，符合题意。故选 A。
45．A.locked B．kicked
C．counted D．repaired
46．A.agreed B．cared
C．responded D．understood
解析：根据上文可知，大楼着火了。Grant冲上楼去救火，所以踢门符合当时救人心切的情境。故选B。
解析： Grant踢门询问里面是否有人，再结合后面他认为人已经逃走了可推知，此处表示没有人回应他。故选C。
47．A.arrived B．returned
C．hidden D．escaped
48．A.skipped B．closed
C．noticed D．remembered
解析： Grant踢门但没有人回应，所以他以为人们已经逃走，escape “逃走”，符合题意。故选D。
解析： Grant以为人们都逃走了，并且Grant是来救人的，所以Grant注意到一扇半开的门。故选C。
49．A.frightened B．curious
C．patient D．grateful
50．A.turn back B．go up
C．get out D．lie down
解析：frightened 害怕的；curious 好奇的；patient 有耐心的；grateful 感激的。根据下文中的“The woman looked at him in confusion”可知，该女士有些茫然，结合选项可排除B、C、D三项，大楼发生了火灾，所以女士是害怕的。故选A。
解析： turn back 返回；go up 上升；get out 出去；lie down 躺下。Grant找到了被困人员，所以要带他们出去。故选C。
51．A.following B．dragging
C．examining D．passing
52．A.safely B．secretly
C．suddenly D．previously
解析： follow 跟随；drag 拖拉；拖着(脚或腿)走；examine 测试；pass 通过。根据语境可知，Grant一手抓牢婴儿，一手拽着小男孩沿着走廊跑去。结合选项可排除A、C、D三项。故选B。
解析： safely 安全地；secretly 秘密地；suddenly 突然地；previously 以前地。Grant把被困人员救了出来，此处表示安全地到达外面。故选A。
53．A.witness B．guide
C．service D．help
54．A.woman B．door
C．car D．baby
解析： witness 目击者；guide 指南；service 服务；help 帮助。警察是提供帮助的。故选D。
解析： Grant把婴儿和小男孩救出来了，那位女士还没有出来，所以他告诉警察那位女士还在里面。故选A。
55．A.wisdom B．generosity
C．honesty D．courage
解析： wisdom 智慧；generosity 慷慨；honesty 诚实；courage 勇气。警察和Grant冲进大火里救了这一家人，是非常有勇气的，所以因他们的勇气而受到表彰。故选D。
根据排除法确定答案
1．排除法是一种有效的策略，特别是在时间紧迫或选项难以抉择时，它能帮助快速缩小选择范围，提高解题效率。
2．当不确定正确答案时，可以先排除明显不符合语境或语法规则的选项，再从中选择最符合文章意义的词汇。
二、读后续写——必备微技能
高品素材 修辞
1．比喻：利用事物相似之处用熟知的、浅显的、具体的事物去说明或描写生疏的、深奥的、抽象的事物。常用喻词有like, as ... as, as if, be动词等。
(1)Her laughter was like a warm blanket.
她的笑声像毛毯一样温暖。
(2)Her skin was as smooth as silk.
她的皮肤像丝绸一样光滑。
(3)Life is an unexplored river, full of twists and turns.
生活就像一条未被涉足的河流，充满曲折。
2．拟人：把事物人格化，将本来不具备人的动作和感情的事物变成和人一样具有动作和感情的样子。
(1)The flowers nodded in the breeze.
花儿在微风中点头。
(2)The rose in the garden gave me a smile of victory.
花园中的玫瑰给了我一个胜利的微笑。
(3)Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest.
顷刻间，黑暗统治了森林。
(4)Fear seized/swallowed him.
恐惧吞噬了他。
3．夸张：为了表达强烈的思想感情，突出事物的形象、特征、作用、程度等，运用丰富的想象力，对事物的某些方面着意夸大或缩小的修辞手法。
(1)She almost died laughing.
她差点笑死了。
(2)He was so tall that his head touched the clouds.
他太高了，头都快顶到云彩了。
(3)Hearing the news, she found scores of arrows were piercing her chest.
听到这个消息，她感到万剑穿心。
(4)My heart broke into about a million pieces.
我的心都碎了。
4．排比：利用意义相关或相近，结构(主、谓、宾、状等)相同或相似和语气相同的词组或句子并排(三句或三句以上)，段落并排(两段即可), 达到一种加强语势的效果。
(1)Mother was very busy gathering the laundry, dusting the furniture and washing the dishes.
母亲正忙着收拾要洗的衣服，掸去家具上的灰尘，洗碗。
(2)Whether in class, at work, or at home, James was always busy.
无论是在课堂上，在工作中，还是在家里，詹姆斯总是忙碌的。
(3)Don't make promise when you are in joy. Don't reply when you are sad. Don't take decision when you are angry. Think twice and act wise.
别在喜悦的时候许下承诺；别在悲伤的时候做出回答；别在愤怒的时候作出决定。三思而后行。做出睿智的行为。
(4)Pain makes you stronger, tears make you braver, heartbreak makes you wiser, so thank the past for a better future.
痛苦，会让你更强大；眼泪，会让你更勇敢；心碎，会让你更睿智，所以为了更好的未来感谢过去吧。
高效课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读
A
(2025·河北省衡水市桃城区高三月考)
What we do
We champion the writer in every child. Starting in 2010, we aim to offer help to young people. We develop self respect and communication skills through innovative writing programmes and one to one mentoring for children living in under resourced communities, working in schools and at our writing center in east London.
Our people
Meet the people who are behind the writing workshops, running a shop and shaping the future of our organization. Day by day, we also rely on more than specially 200 trained volunteers who help with all aspects of our work. And we are always looking for more enthusiastic volunteers who are excited to work alongside our young people to help bring their stories to life.
Our purpose
Through a range of creative writing programmes and small group mentoring, we help young people discover and realise their own potential. Through our innovative storytelling and writing workshops, children can gain confidence and grow in self respect.
Our method
We help young people develop new skills, discover their imagination and achieve their potential by inspiring them to change their lives through the power of writing. And our publishing platforms make sure their voices are always heard.
How we work with writers
We are building a national network of like minded professionals and a growing family of organisations that support children and young people's creative writing. We have a free after school writing workshop for children aged 6－15 from our east London community. The position of the workshop is on the Hoxton Street. We also work with schools and teachers in east London to help young people discover their confidence and get them to learn through the power of their imagination.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了位于伦敦东区的一个非营利组织，该组织通过创意写作项目和一对一辅导帮助青少年发现和实现自己的潜力。
1．What do we know about the organization
A．It operates largely on a volunteer basis.
B．It aims to find innovative people to join.
C．It provides young writers with guidance.
D．It works for the communities in London.
解析：细节理解题。根据Our people部分中的“Day by day, we also ... bring their stories to life.”可知，该组织依赖着200多名经过专门培训的志愿者在工作的各个方面提供帮助，并且一直寻找更多的志愿者，所以它在很大程度上以志愿者为基础运作。故选A。
2．What is the location of the after school writing workshop
A．A community center in west London.
B．The Hoxton Street in London.
C．A library on Hoxton Street.
D．A school in east London.
解析:细节理解题。根据How we work with writers部分中的“We have a free ... on the Hoxton Street.”可知，课外写作研习班在伦敦的霍克斯顿街。故选B。
3．Where can the text be taken
A．On a movie poster.
B．In a writing contest.
C．At an educational website.
D．In a workshop report.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了位于伦敦东区的一个非营利组织，该组织通过创意写作项目和一对一辅导帮助青少年发现他们的自信和实现自己的潜力，由此可推知，该文章可能摘自教育网站。故选C。
B
(2025·湖南省邵阳市高三期中)One sunny afternoon in the park, I witnessed a remarkable scene. An elderly gentleman was standing by the side of a path, looking confused and lost. Just at that moment, a kindhearted young girl approached him. She asked him gently what was wrong and listened patiently as he struggled to explain.
Without hesitation, the girl took his hand and slowly guided him along the path, chatting with him to ease his anxiety. They walked together until they reached the place the old man was supposed to be. The old man smiled with thankfulness and relief.
After helping the old man, the girl didn't just leave. She spent some more time with him, sharing some interesting stories and making him laugh. The old man's eyes sparkled with joy, and it was clear that this interaction had brightened his day. The girl's kindness seemed to have an effect, as other people in the park also noticed and were inspired by her actions.
I continued to observe as the girl then decided to stay with the old man for a while longer. They sat on a bench together, and the girl began to tell him about her own life, her dreams, and her adventures. The old man listened attentively, nodding and smiling from time to time. It was a beautiful sight to behold, this unlikely pair sharing such a genuine and heartwarming connection.
This encounter made me reflect on the importance of kindness in our society. In a world that can often seem cold and hurried, acts like the girl's are like the tower of light, showing us the way to a more empathetic (同情的) and caring existence. It also made me think about how we all have the potential to make a difference in someone else's life, no matter how small the act may be.
Now, whenever I recall this scene, it warms my heart and reminds me to be more willing to offer a helping hand, to spread kindness wherever I go, and to believe in the goodness that lies within each of us.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在公园里目睹了一位善良的年轻女孩帮助一位迷路的老人，并由此反思善良的重要性的故事。
4．What did the girl do for the old man
A．She gave him a warm and comforting hug to make him feel better.
B．She took his hand and guided him to find the place he was supposed to be.
C．She asked to take a photo with him to capture the moment.
D．She went to a nearby store and bought him a refreshing drink.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Without hesitation ... was supposed to be.”可知，女孩牵着老人的手，沿着小路引导他，帮助他找到他打算去的地方。故选B。
5．How did the old man feel in the end
A．He felt extremely grateful and had a big smile on his face because he was happy.
B．He was still hungry and sad as no one really cared about his needs.
C．He felt fearful and angry because the girl was too pushy.
D．He felt cold and tired as the walk was too long.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The old man smiled with thankfulness and relief.”和第三段中的“The old man's eyes sparkled ... this interaction had brightened his day.”可知，老人感到非常感激，脸上露出开心的笑容。故选A。
6．What can we infer about the author's attitude
A．Doubtful. B．Disapproving.
C．Negative. D．Admiring.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段(现在，每当我回想起这一幕，它都温暖着我的心，提醒我更愿意伸出援助之手，无论我走到哪里，都要传播善意，相信我们每个人内心的善良。)可推知，作者对女孩的行为是赞赏的。故选D。
7．Where is this passage most likely from
A．Travel guide. B．Science textbook.
C．Personal blog. D．Trendy magazine.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者在公园里目睹了一位善良的年轻女孩帮助一位迷路的老人，并由此反思善良的重要性的故事。由此可推知，文章最有可能来自分享经历和感悟的个人博客。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·江西省多校联考高三月考)Volunteering is a fun and easy way to explore your interests and passions. Doing volunteer work you find meaningful and interesting can be a relaxing and energizing relaxation from your day to day routine of work, school, or family commitments. __1__ However, it's important that you enjoy your volunteering and benefit from it. Therefore, to make sure your volunteer position is a good fit, you are supposed to do the following.
Ask questions. __2__ You can ask the volunteer organizer some questions: Is there any training involved Who will I be working with What can I do if I have questions during my volunteer activity
Make sure you know what's expected. You should be comfortable with the organization and understand the commitment of time. __3__ Give yourself some flexibility to change your focus if needed. Don't be afraid to make a change. Don't force yourself to do things that don't suit you. Don't force yourself to stick with volunteer work that you don't enjoy. Talk to the organization about changing your focus or look for a different organization that's a better fit.
__4__ Some volunteer programs abroad can cause more harm than good if they take much needed paying jobs away from local workers. Look for volunteer opportunities with reputable (声誉好的) organizations.
Enjoy yourself. The best volunteer experiences benefit both the volunteer and the organization. If you're not enjoying yourself, ask yourself why. Is it the tasks you're performing Or are you uncomfortable simply because the situation is new and unfamiliar __5__
A．Try volunteering your time abroad.
B．Choose carefully if volunteering overseas.
C．It renews your creativity, motivation and vision, and shapes your life.
D．Identifying what's bothering you can help you decide how to proceed.
E．Consider starting small so that you don't over commit yourself at first.
F．When it comes to volunteering, passion and positivity are the only requirement.
G．You want to ensure the experience matches your skills, goals and available time.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了实用的志愿服务建议，以确保志愿者能从中受益并享受过程。
1．答案：C
2．答案：G
解析：根据上文“Doing volunteer work ... or family commitments.”可知，做你觉得有意义和有趣的志愿者工作可以让你放松且充满活力。C项(它更新你的创造力、动力和视野，塑造你的生活。)承接上文。故选C。
解析:根据主题句“Ask questions.”可知，本段主要讲述要提出问题。G项(你要确保这段经历符合你的技能、目标和可用时间。)解释提出问题的原因。故选G。
3．答案：E
4．答案：B
5．答案：D
解析：根据上文“You should be comfortable with the organization and understand the commitment of time.”可知，你应该对这个组织感到舒适，并理解要花费的时间。E项(考虑从小事开始，这样你就不会一开始就过度承诺自己。)承接上文。故选E。
解析：根据下文内容可知，本段主要讲述在海外做志愿者时要慎重。B项(在海外做志愿者要慎重选择。)概括本段内容。故选B。
解析：根据上文内容可知，本段主要讲述应让自己在志愿活动中感到快乐。D项(确定困扰你的是什么可以帮助你决定如何继续。)符合语境。故选D。
