Unit 3 Fit for life
1.affect vt.影响;侵袭,使感染;深深打动
[语境运用]完成句子
①他们对祖国的深厚感情深深地感动了我。这真的很感人。(应用文写作之演讲稿)
I am their motherland.It is really .
②(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)虽然过度旅游被描述为影响整个世界的问题,但它实际上集中在少数几个非常受欢迎的景点。
Though overtourism is described as a problem ,it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots.
③我深爱着我的妈妈,她的言行对我有着积极的影响。(话题写作之人物介绍)
I my mum,whose words and actions me.
【答案】 ①deeply affected by their deep affection for;affecting ②affecting the entire world ③have/feel affection for;have a positive effect on
·be affected by 受…的影响;被…打动
be affected with 感染…(疾病)
·affection n.喜爱;钟爱
have/feel affection for 喜欢…,深爱着…
·affecting adj.感动人的;深深打动人的
·affectionate adj.深情的;表达爱意的
·effect n.影响;效果
have an effect on对…产生影响
2.identify vt.找到,发现;确认,认出;显示,说明身份;鉴定
[语境运用]一词多义/完成句子
(1)①The firm has identified 60 potential customers at home and abroad.
②The experts are trying to identify the origin of these vases.
③Passengers were asked to identify their own suitcases before they were put on the plane.
(2)④你的学生证证明你是北京大学的学生。
Your student ID card a student from Peking University.
⑤事实上,长相一模一样的双胞胎有时更喜欢用不同的手。
In fact,twins,who in appearance,can sometimes prefer to use different hands.
⑥由于缺乏类似的经历,大多数学生发现很难和电影中的角色有同感。
For lack of similar experiences,most students the characters in the film.
【答案】 (1)①找到 ②鉴定 ③确认
(2)④identifies you as ⑤are identical to/with each other ⑥find it hard to identify with
·identify...as...认出/证明/说明…是…
identify sth with...认为某物等同于…
identify with sb/sth 认同;和某人/某物有同感
·identity n.身份
·identification n.鉴定;辨认;身份证明
·identical adj.完全同样的
be identical to/with... 与…完全一样
3.means n.(pl.means)方法,方式;财富,钱财
[语境运用] 完成句子/句型转换
(1)①他们不得不想方设法为书展筹款。
They have to for the book fair.
②无论遇到什么困难,我们绝不放弃希望。(读后续写之主题升华)
give up hope no matter what difficulties we come across.
③我们正在寻找在高中取得优异成绩的方法,并且我们希望通过持续学习和积极参与课堂来实现我们的目标。(应用文写作之倡议书)
We are seeking excellent grades in high school,and we hope to fulfill our goals consistent study and active participation in class.
(2)④Every possible means has been tried to treat his cancer so far,but none has worked.
→All possible means to treat his cancer so far,but none has worked.
【答案】 (1)①try every means to collect money ②By no means should we ③the means of achieving;by means of (2)④have been tried
by means of 借助…手段;依靠…方法;通过
by no means 绝不(置于句首时,句子应用部分倒装)
by all means 一定,务必;尽一切办法
by any means 无论如何
means of transport/communication 交通/交流方式
try every means to do sth 想方设法做某事
the means of doing sth 做某事的方法
当means作主语且由every,each,one,a等修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式;当means作主语且由some,several,many,all,a few等修饰时,谓语动词用复数形式。
4.arise vi.(arose,arisen) 发生,出现;(由…)引起,(因…)产生
[易错辨析]rise/raise/arise/arouse
动词 释义 过去式 过去 分词 现在 分词
rise vi.升起;站起,起身 rose risen rising
raise vt.增加,提高;举起;抬起;抚养;饲养;筹募 raised raised raising
arise vi.发生,出现;(由…)引起,(因…)产生 arose arisen arising
arouse vt.唤起,引起(感情或态度) aroused aroused arousing
[语境运用] 完成句子/一句多译
(1)①小女孩从椅子上站起来,摇摇晃晃地向奶奶走去,抽噎道:“同您那样说话,我非常抱歉。”(读后续写之场景描写)
The little girl ,staggered towards her grandmother and sobbed,“I’m terribly sorry for talking to you like that.”
②这个节日旨在唤起学生对中国传统民间音乐的兴趣,并让他们接触到外国音乐。(话题写作之传统文化)
This festival is aimed to traditional Chinese folk music and get them exposed to foreign music.
③每当我遇到古典音乐时,一种娱乐和放松的感觉就会自然而然地出现,使我的身体焕然一新,并给我一种继续前进的勇气。(话题写作之音乐)
Every time I encounter classical music, ,making my body refresh and offering me the courage to keep on.
(2)④休息时,我们的班主任开始处理他课上出现的问题。
→At break,our headteacher got down to dealing with the matters .
(现在分词短语作定语)
→At break,our headteacher got down to dealing with the matters .
(定语从句)
【答案】 (1)①arose from her chair ②arouse the students’ interest in ③a sense of entertainment and relief arises naturally (2)④arising from/out of his class;which/that arose from/out of his class
arise from/out of 产生于,起因于
arise from one’s chair/seat 从某人的椅子/座位上站起来
5.prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止;使不可能;阻止;不准
[语境运用] 完成句子
①糟糕的天气阻止了他们去参观科学博物馆。
It was the bad weather that the science museum.
②因有约在先,我恐怕不能与你共进晚餐了。(应用文写作之道歉信)
I fear that a prior engagement will in dinner.
③有证据显示,禁令塑料袋可以有效地缓解这种情况。(应用文写作之倡议书)
There is evidence that can effectively relieve the situation.
【答案】 ①prohibited their going to ②prohibit me from joining you ③prohibition of plastic bags
·prohibit (one’s) doing sth 禁止(某人)做某事
prohibit sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事
·prohibition n.(尤指以法令)禁止;禁令
a prohibition against/on...…的禁令
“禁止/阻止某人做某事”的表达还有:
①discourage sb from doing sth
②ban sb from doing sth
③prevent sb (from) doing sth
④keep sb from doing sth
⑤stop sb (from) doing sth
⑥forbid sb from doing sth
6.resistance n.抵抗力;抵制,反对;抵抗,反抗
[语境运用] 语境串词/完成句子
(1)①In the face of numerous distractions,we must the temptation to waste time and build up a mindset.Only in this way can we overcome the to acquiring knowledge and make progress in our studies.(resist)(应用文写作之建议信)
(2)②这些新作物必须具有更强的耐旱、耐热和抗虫害能力。
These new crops drought,heat and pests.
③她一进办公室就忍不住炫耀她的新裙子。
She couldn’t her new skirt the moment she entered the office.
【答案】 (1)①resist;resistant;resistance
(2)②must be more resistant to ③resist showing off
·resistance to对…的抵制
·resist v.抵制,阻挡;反抗,抵抗;忍住;使不受…的伤害,抗(伤害)
resist (doing) sth反对(做)某事
can’t resist (doing) sth无法抗拒(做)某事
·resistant adj.对…有抵抗力的,抵制的,反抗的,抗拒的
be resistant to对…有抵抗力;抗拒…
·resistable adj.可抵制的
·[反] irresistable adj.难以抵制的
7.debate vt.& vi.讨论,辩论;仔细考虑,思考
n. 讨论,争论;辩论
[语境运用]一词多义/翻译句子
(1)①After much debate,I refused their help.
②He likes to debate issues with his friends.
(2)③我写信是要和你讨论今年冬天是否去滑雪的事情。
④关于是否应该废除一些传统习俗有一场激烈的争论。(话题写作之传统习俗)
⑤据报道,该计划正在讨论中。
【答案】 (1)①仔细考虑 ②讨论
(2)③I am writing to debate with you whether to go skiing this winter or not.
④There is a heated debate about/on/over whether some traditional customs should be abolished.
⑤It’s reported that the plan is under debate.
·debate (sth) with sb 与某人辩论/讨论(某事)
debate about/on/over争论;关于…进行辩论
·be open to debate有待讨论
under debate 正在讨论中
8.withdraw vi.& vt.(withdrew,withdrawn)脱离(社会),不与人交往;(使)撤回;(使)退出;停止提供;提/取(银行账户中的存款);收回,撤销
[语境运用]一词多义/完成句子
(1)①Your ID card is required when you want to withdraw money in a bank.
②She withdrew her previous remarks,and apologized.
③Research shows that many depressed people tend to withdraw into themselves.
④Government troops were forced to withdraw.
(2)⑤他乐于从社交生活中抽身出来,在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。
He was happy to ,seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.
【答案】 (1)①取(款) ②收回 ③脱离(社会) ④(使)撤回 (2)⑤withdraw from social life
·withdraw from 从…撤出/退出
withdraw...from...从…提取/撤回…
withdraw into oneself脱离(社会);不与人交往
·withdrawal n.撤走;收回;取款
9.equip vt.配备;使有能力
[语境运用]完成句子/句式升级
(1)①他们为探险做好了准备。
They the expedition.
②为了使学生更好地适应社会,我们想让他们掌握一些特殊的技能。(应用文写作之通知)
In order to make the students adapt to the society better,we want to
.
(2)③He is equipped with much experience in teaching,so he is well respected by all his students.(话题写作之人物介绍)
→ ,
he is well respected by all his students.(过去分词短语作状语)
→ ,
he is well respected by all his students.(现在分词短语作状语)
【答案】 (1)①equipped themselves for
②equip them with some special skills
(2)③Equipped with much experience in teaching;Equipping himself with much experience in teaching
·equip...with...用…装备…
equip sb for (doing) sth 使某人为(做)某事而准备
be equipped with.../equip oneself with...装备/配备…
equip sb to do sth使某人能够做某事
·equipment n.装备;设备,器材;配备
a piece of equipment 一件设备
10.without doubt 毫无疑问,的确
[语境运用]完成句子
①我相信他能按时完成任务。
he can finish the task on time.
②每个人都怀疑他是否能胜任这份工作。
Everyone doubts the job.
③毋庸置疑,事情在不久的将来会有所改善。(读后续写之主题升华)
things will improve in the near future.
④毫无疑问,这些故事可以缓解我的压力,开阔我的眼界。(应用文写作之推荐信)
,these stories can relieve my stress and broaden my horizons.
【答案】 ①I don’t doubt that ②if/whether he is equal to ③There is no doubt that ④Without doubt
·There is no/little doubt that...毫无疑问/毋庸置疑…
There is some doubt whether...是否…仍有疑问
·doubt that+宾语从句(用于否定句、疑问句)
doubt if/whether+宾语从句(用于肯定句)
·have doubt about/whether...怀疑…
have no doubt about/that...不怀疑…
doubt作名词用于肯定句,其后接whether引导的同位语从句时,不能用if替换whether。
11.date back to 追溯到,始于,自…至今
[语境运用]完成句子/一句多译
(1)①这个新闻已经过时了,我们需要的是最新的信息。
The news is and what we need is the information that is .
②我们必须尽快定下会议的日期,这样的话我们就可以开始准备了。
We must the meeting as soon as possible,so that we can start to get prepared for it.
(2)③这座古老的建筑位于村庄的东边,它的历史可以追溯到15世纪。
→This old building the 15th century lies to the east of the village.(定语从句)
→This old building the 15th century lies to the east of the village.(现在分词作定语)
【答案】 (1)①out of date;up to date ②set a date for (2)③which/that dates back to/from;dating back to/from
·date from追溯到,始于,自…至今
·out of date 过时的
up to date现代的;最新的
set a date for 确定…的日期
make a date with 与…约会
date back to和date from一般不用于进行时态。常用现在分词形式作后置定语。
1.Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases,as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.
遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关,因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段。
◆as引导状语从句
[语境运用]完成句子
①随着公共汽车逐渐靠近城镇,汤姆浑身颤抖,如坐针毡。
,Tom shook all over,being on pins and needles.
②我写信是告知您由于天气恶劣,我们不得不推迟运动会。(应用文写作之告知信)
I am writing to inform you that ,we had to delay our sports meeting.
③我的英语说得不如以英语为母语的人好。
I don’t speak English so well .
④尽管他很年轻,但他懂五种语言。(话题写作之人物介绍)
,he knows as many as five languages.
⑤你应该按照老师说的做。(应用文写作之建议信)
You should do .
【答案】 ①As the bus got closer and closer to the town ②as the weather was so bad
③as a native speaker ④Young as he is ⑤as the teacher tells you
·as引导时间状语从句,意为“随着;一边…一边…”,多强调主句和从句中的动作或状态同时发生;
·as 引导原因状语从句,意为“因为,由于”;
·as 引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然,尽管”,从句通常用倒装语序(把从句的表语、状语或动词原形放在as前面,单数可数名词提前时应省掉冠词);
·as 引导方式状语从句,意为“按照,依照”;
·as 引导比较状语从句,意为“像…一样”,从句常省略与主句相同的部分。
2.Without them,genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.
如果没有它们的话,基因组编辑可能会像一辆失控的汽车一样危险。
◆without构成的含蓄条件句
[语境运用] 完成句子
①众所周知,没有奉献和挫折,什么都不能实现。
As is known to us,nothing !
without dedication and frustration.
②他说如果没有这份工作,他就会有更多的时间,就会做我以前在大学时做的事情。
He said ,he would simply have more time and would just do what I did when in college.
③没有水,地球上就不可能有生命。(应用文写作之演讲稿)
,there life on Earth.
④没有你的帮助,我们就不可能成功。(应用文写作之感谢信)
We wouldn’t have succeeded .
【答案】 ①can be achieved ②without the job ③Without water;wouldn’t be
④without your help/but for your help/if we hadn’t got your help
·当without表示“如果没有”,谈论的是一种与事实相反的假设,句子要用虚拟语气,此时without与but for的用法相同。
·如果without谈论的只是一种普通的假设,并不强调与既定事实相反,则句子不用虚拟
语气。
·without部分相当于一个条件状语从句,句子的时态根据具体语境确定,一般遵循虚拟语气的时态规则。
·“without/but for+n.”可替代if引导的虚拟条件从句,主句应用虚拟语气,表示所述内容与事实相反。
①表示与现在事实相反的假设,句子谓语用could/would be;
②表示与过去事实相反的假设,句子谓语用would/should/could have done。
·除了without、but for外,otherwise、or、but 也常用来表示虚拟条件。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Help (恢复) and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge.
2.(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Now list all the (特点) you like about yourself.
3.As far as I know,the plan is being (讨论) and hasn’t been passed yet.
4.He (交换) from a back seat to a front one so that he could see clearly.
5.As an (外向的) girl,I get along well with my classmates.
6.Many problems (出现) from the improper policy,which brought about great losses.
7.Written Chinese has also become an important (方式) by which China’s present is connected with its past.
8.The passage must be limited to no more than 500 words,so you should (删去) some words.
9.There is a (根本的) difference between the two points of view.
10.The plan that he came up with at the meeting received (广泛的) support from his colleagues.
【答案】 1.restore 2.characteristics 3.debated 4.switched 5.outgoing 6.arose 7.means 8.delete 9.fundamental 10.widespread
Ⅱ.用本单元所学短语完成句子
wrestle with date back to without doubt be equipped with go to great lengths to... arise from
1.Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has worked to our advantage for thousands of years,
and doctors use it to health problems.
2.This meeting has been, ,one of the most useful meetings we have had so far.
3. the 18th century,Beijing Opera has over two hundred years of history.
4.In order to improve the teaching efficiency,the classrooms in our school multimedia now.
5.Boxing didn’t come natural to Kelly,but she had stick with her choice.
6.Emotional or mental problems can a physical cause.
【答案】 1.wrestle with 2.without doubt 3.Dating back to 4.are equipped with 5.gone to great lengths to 6.arise from
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
A biologist is giving a lecture about the new possibilities genome editing can bring.He is very eager 1. (share) his excitement with us.
Genes play 2. important role in shaping our lives because they decide everything of us,3. (range) from the colour of our eyes to our talent.A genome,the complete set of genes inside a cell or a living being,carries the information influencing our
4. (grow),development,health and even lifestyle.
Since genes are related 5. certain diseases,geneticists believe genome editing is an effective way to treat and prevent them.It can 6. (change) by correcting,adding,
deleting 7. replacing specific parts of the genetic material,which will be 8. (benefit) to different types of disabilities.Genome editing also brings us some moral 9. (problem).Therefore,many people have all started to wrestle with such issues.
Although there exist some debates,genome editing is still one of the greatest innovations in the history of science.And we should try to adopt it 10. (wise).
【答案】 1.to share 2.an 3.ranging 4.growth 5.to 6.be changed 7.or 8.beneficial 9.problems 10.wisely
单句语法填空
1.Hearing the news that she was refused for some reason,I felt .
(disturb)
2.The desks and chairs are and you can them to the height of the students.The is not difficult to make.(adjust)
3.This hospital is with advanced technology and expensive .(equip)
4.We waited for news with a growing sense of (anxious).
5.One of the questions debate is whether a person should choose comfortable clothes,which he or she likes,regardless of fashion.
6.It is not your talents or abilities,but your choices that (ultimate) decide your fate.
7.Inside these zones,traffic speeds are (restrict) to 20 km/h.
8.There are a lot of natural (phenomenon) in the world.
9.It is (normal) for a baby to have teeth at the age of two months.
【答案】 1.disturbing;disturbed 2.adjustable;adjust;adjustment 3.equipped;equipment 4.anxiety 5.under 6.ultimately 7.restricted 8.phenomena 9.abnormal
假设你是李华,你校英文报将要举办一场主题为 “How to keep fit” 的演讲比赛,请你写一篇演讲稿参赛。
1.我很荣幸能在这里与大家分享我对如何保持健康的看法。
It is my honour to be here to share my opinions about how to keep fit with you.
2.首先,如果你感到身体不适,及时求助于内科医生或外科医生。(physician;surgeon)
Firstly,if you feel unwell,seek help from a physician or surgeon in time.
3.其次,你不得不减少压力和焦虑。(anxiety)
Secondly,you have to reduce stress and anxiety.
4.你可以把大的任务分解成更小、更容易管理的任务。
You may break large assignments into smaller,more manageable tasks.
5.第三,你可以保持规律饮食,做适当的运动。
Thirdly,you can maintain a regular diet and do proper exercise.
6.最后但同样重要的是,毫无疑问,保持一个乐观、积极的心态是必要的。(without doubt)
Last but not least,without doubt,maintaining an optimistic and positive mindset is necessary.
[句式升级]
1.将第3句和第4句用动词不定式作目的状语进行改写升级。
Secondly,to reduce stress and anxiety,you may break large assignments into smaller,more manageable tasks.
2.将第5句用what引导的主语从句进行改写升级。
Thirdly,what you can do is maintain a regular diet and do proper exercise.
3.将第6句用同位语从句进行改写升级。
Last but not least,there is no doubt that maintaining an optimistic and positive mindset is necessary.
[连句成篇]
Hello,everyone!It is my honour to be here to share my opinions about how to keep fit with you.
Firstly,if you feel unwell,seek help from a physician or surgeon in time.Secondly,to reduce stress and anxiety,you may break large assignments into smaller,more manageable tasks.Thirdly,what you can do is maintain a regular diet and do proper exercise.Last but not least,there is no doubt that maintaining an optimistic and positive mindset is necessary.
That’s all!Thanks for your listening!
要求:找出下列各句中点训练里出现过的词汇。
“我真的不会游泳!每个人都会嘲笑我的!”她心想,羞愧得无地自容。Devi把毛巾披在肩上缩成一团,尴尬得不敢看其他人的优秀表现。然后到Devi试跳了。Devi环顾四周,发现她的教练在泳池对面,和那些像鱼儿跳入大海一样跳进水里的孩子们在一起。她惊讶地看着,感到耳朵发红。此时,一个小女孩走过,让她不要害怕,她的脸颊很快就泛起了尴尬的红晕。她尴尬地垂下了头。
“I really can’t swim! Everyone’s going to laugh at me!” she thought to herself and wanted to curl up and die.
Devi huddled with a towel over her shoulders,and she was too awkward to see others’ excellent performance.Then came the time for Devi to have a try.
Scanning around,Devi spotted her instructor across the pool,together with the kids.The kids jumped into the water like fish leaping into the ocean.
She watched in amazement,feeling her ears going red.At the moment,a little girl passed by and asked her not to be scared,then a flush of embarrassment soon crept to her cheeks.
She hung her head in embarrassment.
要求:根据括号中的提示完成句式升级。
“I really can’t swim! Everyone’s going to laugh at me!” she thought to herself ①wanting to curl up and die (非谓语作状语).Devi huddled with a towel over her shoulders,②too awkward to see others’ excellent performance (形容词短语作状语).Then came the time for Devi to have a try.Scanning around,Devi spotted her instructor across the pool,together with the kids ③who jumped into the water like fish leaping into the ocean (定语从句).She watched in amazement,feeling her ears going red.At the moment,a little girl passed by and asked her not to be scared,④a flush of embarrassment soon creeping to her cheeks (独立主格结构).She hung her head in embarrassment.
(提示:面训练见P126)
(
第
1
页
)(共81张PPT)
Unit 3 Fit for life
1.affect vt.影响;侵袭,使感染;深深打动
[语境运用]完成句子
①他们对祖国的深厚感情深深地感动了我。这真的很感人。(应用文写作之演讲稿)
I am their motherland.It is really
.
deeply affected by their deep affection for
affecting
②(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)虽然过度旅游被描述为影响整个世界的问题,但它实际上集中在少数几个非常受欢迎的景点。
Though overtourism is described as a problem ,
it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots.
③我深爱着我的妈妈,她的言行对我有着积极的影响。(话题写作之人物
介绍)
I my mum,whose words and actions
me.
affecting the entire world
have/feel affection for
have a positive effect on
·be affected by 受…的影响;被…打动
be affected with 感染…(疾病)
·affection n.喜爱;钟爱
have/feel affection for 喜欢…,深爱着…
·affecting adj.感动人的;深深打动人的
·affectionate adj.深情的;表达爱意的
·effect n.影响;效果
have an effect on对…产生影响
2.identify vt.找到,发现;确认,认出;显示,说明身份;鉴定
[语境运用]一词多义/完成句子
(1)①The firm has identified 60 potential customers at home and abroad.
②The experts are trying to identify the origin of these vases.
③Passengers were asked to identify their own suitcases before they were put on the plane.
找到
鉴定
确认
(2)④你的学生证证明你是北京大学的学生。
Your student ID card a student from Peking University.
⑤事实上,长相一模一样的双胞胎有时更喜欢用不同的手。
In fact,twins,who in appearance,can sometimes prefer to use different hands.
identifies you as
are identical to/with each other
⑥由于缺乏类似的经历,大多数学生发现很难和电影中的角色有同感。
For lack of similar experiences,most students
the characters in the film.
find it hard to identify with
·identify...as...认出/证明/说明…是…
identify sth with...认为某物等同于…
identify with sb/sth 认同;和某人/某物有同感
·identity n.身份
·identification n.鉴定;辨认;身份证明
·identical adj.完全同样的
be identical to/with... 与…完全一样
[语境运用] 完成句子/句型转换
(1)①他们不得不想方设法为书展筹款。
They have to for the book fair.
②无论遇到什么困难,我们绝不放弃希望。(读后续写之主题升华)
give up hope no matter what difficulties we come across.
3.means n.(pl.means)方法,方式;财富,钱财
try every means to collect money
By no means should we
③我们正在寻找在高中取得优异成绩的方法,并且我们希望通过持续学习和积极参与课堂来实现我们的目标。(应用文写作之倡议书)
We are seeking excellent grades in high school,and we hope to fulfill our goals consistent study and active participation in class.
the means of achieving
by means of
(2)④Every possible means has been tried to treat his cancer so far,but none has worked.
→All possible means to treat his cancer so far,but none has worked.
have been tried
by means of 借助…手段;依靠…方法;通过
by no means 绝不(置于句首时,句子应用部分倒装)
by all means 一定,务必;尽一切办法
by any means 无论如何
means of transport/communication 交通/交流方式
try every means to do sth 想方设法做某事
the means of doing sth 做某事的方法
当means作主语且由every,each,one,a等修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式;当means作主语且由some,several,many,all,a few等修饰时,谓语动词用复数形式。
4.arise vi.(arose,arisen) 发生,出现;(由…)引起,(因…)产生
[易错辨析]rise/raise/arise/arouse
动词 释义 过去式 过去 分词 现在
分词
rise vi.升起;站起,起身 rose risen rising
raise vt.增加,提高;举起;抬起;抚养;饲养;筹募 raised raised raising
arise vi.发生,出现;(由…)引起, (因…)产生 arose arisen arising
arouse vt.唤起,引起(感情或态度) aroused aroused arousing
[语境运用] 完成句子/一句多译
(1)①小女孩从椅子上站起来,摇摇晃晃地向奶奶走去,抽噎道:“同您那样说话,我非常抱歉。”(读后续写之场景描写)
The little girl ,staggered towards her grandmother and sobbed,“I’m terribly sorry for talking to you like that.”
arose from her chair
②这个节日旨在唤起学生对中国传统民间音乐的兴趣,并让他们接触到外国音乐。(话题写作之传统文化)
This festival is aimed to traditional Chinese folk music and get them exposed to foreign music.
arouse the students’ interest in
③每当我遇到古典音乐时,一种娱乐和放松的感觉就会自然而然地出现,使我的身体焕然一新,并给我一种继续前进的勇气。(话题写作之音乐)
Every time I encounter classical music,
,making my body refresh and offering me the courage to keep on.
a sense of entertainment and relief
arises naturally
(2)④休息时,我们的班主任开始处理他课上出现的问题。
→At break,our headteacher got down to dealing with the matters
.
(现在分词短语作定语)
→At break,our headteacher got down to dealing with the matters
.(定语从句)
arising from/out of his class
which/that arose from/out of his class
arise from/out of 产生于,起因于
arise from one’s chair/seat 从某人的椅子/座位上站起来
5.prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止;使不可能;阻止;不准
[语境运用] 完成句子
①糟糕的天气阻止了他们去参观科学博物馆。
It was the bad weather that the science museum.
prohibited their going to
②因有约在先,我恐怕不能与你共进晚餐了。(应用文写作之道歉信)
I fear that a prior engagement will in dinner.
③有证据显示,禁令塑料袋可以有效地缓解这种情况。(应用文写作之倡议书)
There is evidence that can effectively relieve the situation.
prohibit me from joining you
prohibition of plastic bags
·prohibit (one’s) doing sth 禁止(某人)做某事
prohibit sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事
·prohibition n.(尤指以法令)禁止;禁令
a prohibition against/on...…的禁令
“禁止/阻止某人做某事”的表达还有:
①discourage sb from doing sth
②ban sb from doing sth
③prevent sb (from) doing sth
④keep sb from doing sth
⑤stop sb (from) doing sth
⑥forbid sb from doing sth
6.resistance n.抵抗力;抵制,反对;抵抗,反抗
[语境运用] 语境串词/完成句子
(1)①In the face of numerous distractions,we must the temptation to waste time and build up a mindset.Only in this way can we overcome the to acquiring knowledge and make progress in our studies.(resist)(应用文写作之建议信)
resist
resistant
resistance
(2)②这些新作物必须具有更强的耐旱、耐热和抗虫害能力。
These new crops drought,heat and pests.
③她一进办公室就忍不住炫耀她的新裙子。
She couldn’t her new skirt the moment she entered the office.
must be more resistant to
resist showing off
·resistance to对…的抵制
·resist v.抵制,阻挡;反抗,抵抗;忍住;使不受…的伤害,抗(伤害)
resist (doing) sth反对(做)某事
can’t resist (doing) sth无法抗拒(做)某事
·resistant adj.对…有抵抗力的,抵制的,反抗的,抗拒的
be resistant to对…有抵抗力;抗拒…
·resistable adj.可抵制的
·[反] irresistable adj.难以抵制的
[语境运用]一词多义/翻译句子
(1)①After much debate,I refused their help.
②He likes to debate issues with his friends.
7.debate vt.& vi.讨论,辩论;仔细考虑,思考
n. 讨论,争论;辩论
仔细考虑
讨论
(2)③我写信是要和你讨论今年冬天是否去滑雪的事情。
I am writing to debate with you whether to go skiing this winter or not.
④关于是否应该废除一些传统习俗有一场激烈的争论。(话题写作之传统习俗)
There is a heated debate about/on/over whether some traditional customs should be abolished.
⑤据报道,该计划正在讨论中。
It’s reported that the plan is under debate.
·debate (sth) with sb 与某人辩论/讨论(某事)
debate about/on/over争论;关于…进行辩论
·be open to debate有待讨论
under debate 正在讨论中
[语境运用]一词多义/完成句子
(1)①Your ID card is required when you want to withdraw money in a bank.
②She withdrew her previous remarks,and apologized.
8.withdraw vi.& vt.(withdrew,withdrawn)脱离(社会),不与人交往;(使)撤回;
(使)退出;停止提供;提/取(银行账户中的存款);收回,撤销
取(款)
收回
③Research shows that many depressed people tend to withdraw into themselves.
④Government troops were forced to withdraw.
(2)⑤他乐于从社交生活中抽身出来,在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。
He was happy to ,seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.
脱离(社会)
(使)撤回
withdraw from social life
·withdraw from 从…撤出/退出
withdraw...from...从…提取/撤回…
withdraw into oneself脱离(社会);不与人交往
·withdrawal n.撤走;收回;取款
[语境运用]完成句子/句式升级
(1)①他们为探险做好了准备。
They the expedition.
②为了使学生更好地适应社会,我们想让他们掌握一些特殊的技能。(应用文写作之通知)
In order to make the students adapt to the society better,we want to
.
9.equip vt.配备;使有能力
equipped themselves for
equip them with some special skills
(2)③He is equipped with much experience in teaching,so he is well respected by all his students.(话题写作之人物介绍)
→ , he is well respected by all his students.(过去分词短语作状语)
→ , he is well respected by all his students.(现在分词短语作状语)
Equipped with much experience in teaching
Equipping himself with much experience in teaching
·equip...with...用…装备…
equip sb for (doing) sth 使某人为(做)某事而准备
be equipped with.../equip oneself with...装备/配备…
equip sb to do sth使某人能够做某事
·equipment n.装备;设备,器材;配备
a piece of equipment 一件设备
[语境运用]完成句子
①我相信他能按时完成任务。
he can finish the task on time.
②每个人都怀疑他是否能胜任这份工作。
Everyone doubts the job.
10.without doubt 毫无疑问,的确
I don’t doubt that
if/whether he is equal to
③毋庸置疑,事情在不久的将来会有所改善。(读后续写之主题升华)
things will improve in the near future.
④毫无疑问,这些故事可以缓解我的压力,开阔我的眼界。(应用文写作之推荐信)
,these stories can relieve my stress and broaden my horizons.
There is no doubt that
Without doubt
·There is no/little doubt that...毫无疑问/毋庸置疑…
There is some doubt whether...是否…仍有疑问
·doubt that+宾语从句(用于否定句、疑问句)
doubt if/whether+宾语从句(用于肯定句)
·have doubt about/whether...怀疑…
have no doubt about/that...不怀疑…
doubt作名词用于肯定句,其后接whether引导的同位语从句时,不能用if替换whether。
[语境运用]完成句子/一句多译
(1)①这个新闻已经过时了,我们需要的是最新的信息。
The news is and what we need is the information that is
.
②我们必须尽快定下会议的日期,这样的话我们就可以开始准备了。
We must the meeting as soon as possible,so that we can start to get prepared for it.
11.date back to 追溯到,始于,自…至今
out of date
up to date
set a date for
(2)③这座古老的建筑位于村庄的东边,它的历史可以追溯到15世纪。
→This old building the 15th century lies to the east of the village.(定语从句)
→This old building the 15th century lies to the east of the village.(现在分词作定语)
which/that dates back to/from
dating back to/from
·date from追溯到,始于,自…至今
·out of date 过时的
up to date现代的;最新的
set a date for 确定…的日期
make a date with 与…约会
date back to和date from一般不用于进行时态。常用现在分词形式作后置定语。
1.Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases,
as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.
遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关,因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段。
◆as引导状语从句
[语境运用]完成句子
①随着公共汽车逐渐靠近城镇,汤姆浑身颤抖,如坐针毡。
,Tom shook all over,being on pins and needles.
②我写信是告知您由于天气恶劣,我们不得不推迟运动会。(应用文写作之告知信)
I am writing to inform you that ,we had to delay our sports meeting.
As the bus got closer and closer to the town
as the weather was so bad
③我的英语说得不如以英语为母语的人好。
I don’t speak English so well .
④尽管他很年轻,但他懂五种语言。(话题写作之人物介绍)
,he knows as many as five languages.
⑤你应该按照老师说的做。(应用文写作之建议信)
You should do .
as a native speaker
Young as he is
as the teacher tells you
·as引导时间状语从句,意为“随着;一边…一边…”,多强调主句和从句中的动作或状态同时发生;
·as 引导原因状语从句,意为“因为,由于”;
·as 引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然,尽管”,从句通常用倒装语序(把从句的表语、状语或动词原形放在as前面,单数可数名词提前时应省掉冠词);
·as 引导方式状语从句,意为“按照,依照”;
·as 引导比较状语从句,意为“像…一样”,从句常省略与主句相同的部分。
2.Without them,genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.
如果没有它们的话,基因组编辑可能会像一辆失控的汽车一样危险。
◆without构成的含蓄条件句
[语境运用] 完成句子
①众所周知,没有奉献和挫折,什么都不能实现。
As is known to us,nothing ! without dedication and frustration.
can be achieved
②他说如果没有这份工作,他就会有更多的时间,就会做我以前在大学时做的事情。
He said ,he would simply have more time and would just do what I did when in college.
③没有水,地球上就不可能有生命。(应用文写作之演讲稿)
,there life on Earth.
without the job
Without water
wouldn’t be
④没有你的帮助,我们就不可能成功。(应用文写作之感谢信)
We wouldn’t have succeeded
.
without your help/but for your help/if we
hadn’t got your help
·当without表示“如果没有”,谈论的是一种与事实相反的假设,句子要用虚拟语气,此时without与but for的用法相同。
·如果without谈论的只是一种普通的假设,并不强调与既定事实相反,则句子不用虚拟语气。
·without部分相当于一个条件状语从句,句子的时态根据具体语境确定,一般遵循虚拟语气的时态规则。
·“without/but for+n.”可替代if引导的虚拟条件从句,主句应用虚拟语气,表示所述内容与事实相反。
①表示与现在事实相反的假设,句子谓语用could/would be;
②表示与过去事实相反的假设,句子谓语用would/should/could have done。
·除了without、but for外,otherwise、or、but 也常用来表示虚拟条件。
单元能力·提升自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Help (恢复) and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge.
2.(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Now list all the (特点) you like about yourself.
restore
characteristics
3.As far as I know,the plan is being (讨论) and hasn’t been passed yet.
4.He (交换) from a back seat to a front one so that he could see clearly.
5.As an (外向的) girl,I get along well with my classmates.
debated
switched
outgoing
6.Many problems (出现) from the improper policy,which brought about great losses.
7.Written Chinese has also become an important (方式) by which China’s present is connected with its past.
8.The passage must be limited to no more than 500 words,so you should
(删去) some words.
arose
means
delete
9.There is a (根本的) difference between the two points of view.
10.The plan that he came up with at the meeting received (广泛的) support from his colleagues.
fundamental
widespread
1.Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has worked to our advantage for thousands of years,and doctors use it to health problems.
2.This meeting has been, ,one of the most useful meetings we have had so far.
Ⅱ.用本单元所学短语完成句子
wrestle with
wrestle with date back to without doubt be equipped with go to great lengths to... arise from
without doubt
3. the 18th century,Beijing Opera has over two hundred years of history.
4.In order to improve the teaching efficiency,the classrooms in our school
multimedia now.
Dating back to
wrestle with date back to without doubt be equipped with go to great lengths to... arise from
are equipped with
5.Boxing didn’t come natural to Kelly,but she had
stick with her choice.
6.Emotional or mental problems can a physical cause.
gone to great lengths to
wrestle with date back to without doubt be equipped with go to great lengths to... arise from
arise from
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
A biologist is giving a lecture about the new possibilities genome editing can bring.He is very eager 1. (share) his excitement with us.
to share
Genes play 2. important role in shaping our lives because they decide everything of us,3. (range) from the colour of our eyes to our talent.A genome,the complete set of genes inside a cell or a living being,carries the information influencing our 4. (grow),development,health and even lifestyle.
an
ranging
growth
Since genes are related 5. certain diseases,geneticists believe genome editing is an effective way to treat and prevent them.It can 6.
(change) by correcting,adding,deleting 7. replacing specific parts of the genetic material,which will be 8. (benefit) to different types of disabilities.Genome editing also brings us some moral 9. (problem).
Therefore,many people have all started to wrestle with such issues.
to
be changed
or
beneficial
problems
Although there exist some debates,genome editing is still one of the greatest innovations in the history of science.And we should try to adopt it 10. (wise).
wisely
单句语法填空
1.Hearing the news that she was refused for some reason,I felt
.(disturb)
2.The desks and chairs are and you can them to the height of the students.The is not difficult to make.(adjust)
disturbing
disturbed
adjustable
adjust
adjustment
3.This hospital is with advanced technology and expensive
.(equip)
4.We waited for news with a growing sense of (anxious).
5.One of the questions debate is whether a person should choose comfortable clothes,which he or she likes,regardless of fashion.
equipped
equipment
anxiety
under
6.It is not your talents or abilities,but your choices that (ultimate) decide your fate.
7.Inside these zones,traffic speeds are (restrict) to 20 km/h.
8.There are a lot of natural (phenomenon) in the world.
9.It is (normal) for a baby to have teeth at the age of two months.
ultimately
restricted
phenomena
abnormal
微写作
演讲稿——健康的生活方式——如何保持健康
假设你是李华,你校英文报将要举办一场主题为 “How to keep fit” 的演讲比赛,请你写一篇演讲稿参赛。
1.我很荣幸能在这里与大家分享我对如何保持健康的看法。
It is my honour to be here to share my opinions about how to keep fit with you.
2.首先,如果你感到身体不适,及时求助于内科医生或外科医生。(physician;surgeon)
Firstly,if you feel unwell,seek help from a physician or surgeon in time.
3.其次,你不得不减少压力和焦虑。(anxiety)
Secondly,you have to reduce stress and anxiety.
4.你可以把大的任务分解成更小、更容易管理的任务。
You may break large assignments into smaller,more manageable tasks.
5.第三,你可以保持规律饮食,做适当的运动。
Thirdly,you can maintain a regular diet and do proper exercise.
6.最后但同样重要的是,毫无疑问,保持一个乐观、积极的心态是必要的。(without doubt)
Last but not least,without doubt,maintaining an optimistic and positive mindset is necessary.
[句式升级]
1.将第3句和第4句用动词不定式作目的状语进行改写升级。
Secondly,to reduce stress and anxiety,you may break large assignments into smaller,more manageable tasks.
2.将第5句用what引导的主语从句进行改写升级。
Thirdly,what you can do is maintain a regular diet and do proper exercise.
3.将第6句用同位语从句进行改写升级。
Last but not least,there is no doubt that maintaining an optimistic and positive mindset is necessary.
[连句成篇]
Hello,everyone!It is my honour to be here to share my opinions about how to keep fit with you.
Firstly,if you feel unwell,seek help from a physician or surgeon in time.
Secondly,to reduce stress and anxiety,you may break large assignments into smaller,more manageable tasks.Thirdly,what you can do is maintain a regular diet and do proper exercise.Last but not least,there is no doubt that maintaining an optimistic and positive mindset is necessary.
That’s all!Thanks for your listening!
读后续写微技能
点训练——“尴尬、羞愧”
读后续写微技能
线训练——“尴尬、羞愧”
要求:找出下列各句中点训练里出现过的词汇。
“我真的不会游泳!每个人都会嘲笑我的!”她心想,羞愧得无地自容。Devi把毛巾披在肩上缩成一团,尴尬得不敢看其他人的优秀表现。然后到Devi试跳了。Devi环顾四周,发现她的教练在泳池对面,和那些像鱼儿跳入大海一样跳进水里的孩子们在一起。她惊讶地看着,感到耳朵发红。此时,一个小女孩走过,让她不要害怕,她的脸颊很快就泛起了尴尬的红晕。她尴尬地垂下了头。
“I really can’t swim! Everyone’s going to laugh at me!” she thought to herself and wanted to curl up and die.
Devi huddled with a towel over her shoulders,and she was too awkward to see others’ excellent performance.Then came the time for Devi to have a try.
Scanning around,Devi spotted her instructor across the pool,together with the kids.The kids jumped into the water like fish leaping into the ocean.
She watched in amazement,feeling her ears going red.At the moment,a little girl passed by and asked her not to be scared,then a flush of embarrassment soon crept to her cheeks.
She hung her head in embarrassment.
要求:根据括号中的提示完成句式升级。
“I really can’t swim! Everyone’s going to laugh at me!” she thought to herself ①wanting to curl up and die (非谓语作状语).Devi huddled with a towel over her shoulders,②too awkward to see others’ excellent performance (形容词短语作状语).Then came the time for Devi to have a try.
Scanning around,Devi spotted her instructor across the pool,together with the kids ③who jumped into the water like fish leaping into the ocean (定语从句).She watched in amazement,feeling her ears going red.At the moment,a little girl passed by and asked her not to be scared,④a flush of embarrassment soon creeping to her cheeks (独立主格结构).She hung her head in embarrassment.
