选择性必修 第四册
Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility
1.appointment n.约定,约会,预约;任命,委任;职务
[语境运用] 一词多义/完成句子
(1)①His appointment has not been formally approved yet.
②This is a permanent appointment,requiring commitment and hard work.
③What is the latest time I can have an appointment
(2)④得知你已被任命为学生会主席,我真诚地祝贺你。
Learning that you the Student Union,I sincerely congratulate you.
⑤我写信是为了向昨天的失约道歉,因为我遇到了一个意外的紧急情况,需要我立即处理。(应用文写作之道歉信)
I’m writing to apologize for yesterday because I had an unexpected emergency that required my immediate attention.
【答案】 (1)①任命 ②职务 ③预约 (2)④have been appointed as/to be chairman of
⑤breaking our appointment
·have/make an appointment with sb 与某人有约
keep/break an appointment 守/违约
·appoint vt.任命;委派;约定
appoint sb to be/as...任命某人为…
appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事
2.ashamed adj.惭愧,羞愧,尴尬
[语境运用]单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①He was ashamed not finishing his task before the deadline.
②I’m ashamed (admit) that I’ve never read any of his books.
③It is a that he made contradictory remarks and did a thing.He should feel ashamed.(shame)
(2)④我感到非常羞愧,仿佛一把刀刺穿了我的心,泪水模糊了我的双眼。(读后续写之心理描写)
I was I felt as if a knife were piercing my heart,tears clouding my eyes.(so...that...)
【答案】 (1)①of ②to admit ③shame;shameful (2)④so ashamed that
·be ashamed of 对…感到难为情/羞愧
be/feel ashamed to do sth因做某事而感到羞愧;不好意思做某事
·shame n.羞愧;羞耻;令人遗憾的事
It’s a shame that...…是令人遗憾的事
·shameful adj.可耻的;丢脸的
·shameless adj.不知羞耻的,无耻的
英语中有很多以a- 开头的形容词,如 asleep,afraid,awake,aware,alive等,一般作表语或后置定语。
3.forgive vt.& vi.原谅,宽恕;免除(债务)
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①I’ll never forgive myself for (fail) to help you when you asked me for guidance.
②Please forgive my (interrupt),but I really don’t agree with that.
(2)③众所周知,不计前嫌是一种美德,尤其是在现今的社会中。(应用文写作之发言稿)
As is known to all, it’s a virtue to , especially in today’s society.
【答案】 (1)①failing ②interrupting
(2)③forgive and forget
·forgive sb sth 原谅某人某事
forgive sb for doing sth=forgive sb’s doing sth 原谅某人做了某事
forgive and forget 摒弃前嫌
·forgiveness n.原谅;宽恕
4.disappointed adj.失望的,沮丧的
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/一句多译
(1)①The teacher was disappointed our performance, saying that we could have done better.
②To their great sorrow, their team didn’t win. The news made all the people present .(disappoint)
(2)③令简失望的是,这些树让直升机上的人无法从上面看到她。(读后续写之情绪描写)
→ , the trees made it impossible for people on the helicopter to see her from above.(disappointment n.)
→ was that the trees made it impossible for people on the helicopter to see her from above.(disappoint v.)
【答案】 (1)①at/by/in/with ②disappointing;disappointed (2)③To Jane’s disappointment;What disappointed Jane
·be/feel disappointed at/by/in/with... 对…感到失望
be disappointed to do sth 对做某事感到失望
·disappointment n.失望;沮丧;令人失望的事
to one’s disappointment 使某人失望的是
·disappointing adj.令人失望的,令人扫兴的
·disappoint v.使失望
表示心理活动且与disappoint 用法相似的词还有:excite,annoy,interest,surprise,shock,
astonish,frighten,please,confuse,terrify,embarrass,worry,puzzle,amuse,amaze,inspire,encourage,satisfy,bore,dissatisfy,move等。
5.pretend vi.& vt. 假装;装扮,扮作;自诩,自认为
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①The naughty boy pretended (read) when the teacher came into the classroom.
②He pretended (finish) his homework already.
(2)③当妈妈走进他的房间时,他把头埋在被子底下,假装睡着了。(读后续写之动作描写)
When Mom walked into his room, he buried his head under the quilt, .
④当在学习中遇到困难时,我们应该有个好态度。不要不懂装懂。
When faced with difficulties in learning,we should have a good attitude.
.
【答案】 (1)①to be reading ②to have finished (2)③pretending to be asleep ④Don’t pretend to know what you don’t know
6.privilege n.荣幸;特殊利益
vt.给予特权,特别优待
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①We all know that nurses and doctors have the privilege (enter) the ward freely.
(2)②我很荣幸能站在这里发表关于成为聪明的在线学习者的演讲。(应用文写作之演讲稿)
on being smart online learners.
【答案】 (1)①to enter (2)②It’s a privilege for me to stand here to deliver a speech/I feel privileged to stand here to deliver a speech
·have the privilege to do sth/of doing sth 有做某事的特权
It is a privilege (for sb) to do sth (对某人来说)做某事是一种荣幸
·privileged adj.有特权的;受特别优待的
be/feel privileged to do sth 做某事是荣幸的
7.mercy n.仁慈,宽恕,宽容;怜悯;幸运
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①A ship without an anchor is the mercy of the waves and winds.
②The leader is such a man and always has mercy on those homeless people but sometimes he can be to bad guys.(mercy)
(2)③他心地善良,经常同情陷入困境的人。(话题写作之人物介绍)
He is a kind-hearted man and often .
【答案】 (1)①at ②merciful;merciless (2)③has mercy on/shows mercy to people who are in trouble
·show mercy to/towards sb 对某人表示怜悯
have mercy on对…表示怜悯
at the mercy of ...任…处置,对…无能为力
It’s a mercy that...幸运的是…
without mercy毫不留情地
·merciful adj.仁慈的,慈悲的,宽大为怀的
be merciful to/towards sb 对某人仁慈
·merciless adj.残忍的
8.under arrest 被逮捕
[语境运用] 用under的相关短语完成句子
①It is reported that the driver of the truck,considered to be fully responsible for the accident,
has been .
②The new bridge , measuring twice as long as the old one, is due to be completed next month.
③The fire is still burning but it is now.
④How to better push ahead with the project is .
⑤Tropical rainforests are because of the global climate change and human activities.
【答案】 ①under arrest ②under construction
③under control ④under discussion
⑤under threat
under way在进行中
under control 处于控制中
under repair在修理中
under construction 在建设中
under discussion在讨论中
under consideration在考虑中
under pressure在压力之下
under threat受到威胁
9.arm in arm 臂挽着臂
[语境运用] 完成句子
①Watching the old couple walking along the beach (臂挽着臂) gives me a sense of happiness.(读后续写之场景描写)
②Only when all of us join (手牵手) to fight against air pollution can we have a better environment.(话题写作之环境保护)
③Guilty and ashamed, he came into his friend’s home to beg for his forgiveness
(面对面). (读后续写之心理描写)
【答案】 ①arm in arm ②hand in hand ③face to face
hand in hand手牵手
face to face面对面
back to back背靠背
shoulder to shoulder=side by side肩并肩
eyes to eyes四目相对
heart to heart心贴心
step by step一步一步地
1.Hopefully,you have learnt to treat responsibility not as a weight that burdens you,but rather as a foundation which will support your future development.
希望你们已经学会不把责任当作困扰你们的重担,而是把它当作支持你们未来发展的基础。
◆not...but (rather)...不是…而是…
该句为复合句,主句为 “you have learnt to treat responsibility”,not...but rather...连接了两个并列的介词短语as a weight和as a foundation,其中包括两个定语从句——that burdens you修饰先行词weight,which will support your future development修饰先行词foundation。
[语境运用]完成句子
①他的成功并不在于他的学识,而在于他的勤奋。
His success lies .
②他不是在读这本小说,而是在扮演其中的一个角色。
He is the novel but one of the characters in it.
③我工作不是因为我不得不工作,而是因为我想工作。
I work .
④生命的价值不在于活了多少天,而在于我们如何利用这些日子。
The value of life the length of days, the use that how we make of them.
【答案】 ①not in his knowledge but rather in his diligence ②not reading;playing ③not because I have to but because I want to ④doesn’t lie in; but lies in
·not...but...意为“不是…而是…”,连接两个并列的成分,表示意思的转折,not后接被否定的内容,but后面接被认可的事实。
·not...but rather...“不是…而是/倒是…”。but rather比but更强烈地表示与前一部分的对比意味,rather 起加强语气的作用。
· “not...but (rather)...”连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词要与紧靠它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
2.Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow.
今天播下成功的种子,明天就会有巨大的收获。
◆祈使句+and+陈述句
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①Read this story you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.
②More healthy food your health will break down sooner or later.
(2)③关上你身后的恐惧之门,你就会看到你前面敞开的信心之门。
and you will see the door of faith open before you.
④看到事情光明的一面,你就会过得更快乐。
Look on the bright side of things
.
【答案】 (1)①and ②or/otherwise (2)③Close the door of fear behind you ④and you will live a happier life
①“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型,表示“如果…就…”,其中祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句,and之后的句子相当于主句。
②“祈使句+or (else)/otherwise+陈述句”表示“…否则…”。
③“祈使句+并列连词+陈述句”句型也可以用“名词词组+并列连词+陈述句”句型表示。这种句型也可转换成“if引导的条件状语从句+主句”结构,这时要去掉or或and。
One more hour and I’ll get the work finished.(名词词组)
=If you give me one more hour,I’ll get the work finished.(if引导的条件状语从句)
=If I am given one more hour,I’ll get the work finished.(if引导的条件状语从句)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.(2022·全国甲卷)Then,one after another,Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there—broad parks, (极佳的) beaches,and a culturally diverse population.
2.Mary had (勉强可能) enough money to live on.
3.They have put (大量的) funds into rebuilding those areas.
4.Do you have a broad (概述) of what was discussed in the conference
5.The farm was flooded,with the result that most of the (收成) was lost.
6.With such models,scientists have found out some key (原则) operating in food webs.
7.I find that mother is beginning to get (皱纹) round her eyes.
8.Leslie argues that curiosity is a much-overlooked human (美德),crucial to our success,and that we are losing it.
9.It is essential that we act with (正直) in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live.
10. (同样地),they consider eye contact very important and suggest not trusting anyone who is afraid to look you in the eye.
【答案】 1.superb 2.barely 3.substantial 4.outline 5.harvest 6.principles 7.wrinkles 8.virtue
9.integrity 10.Likewise
Ⅱ.用本单元所学短语完成句子
tear down make one’s fortune lose contact with arm in arm at the mercy of weigh on
1.The fast population growth worldwide means nature is human activities.
2.He walked from the building with his wife.
3.The old houses last year and new tall buildings are being built.
4.As our working lives take over,we some old friends,causing the number to drop to around 68 by the time we reach 29 years old.
5.Determined to in South America,Mark Twain set off from his home for New Orleans in his teens.
6.I realise the immense responsibilities my shoulders.
【答案】 1.at the mercy of 2.arm in arm 3.were torn down 4.lose contact with 5.make his fortune 6.weigh on
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
It was barely ten o’clock at night. A policeman walked along the street as he always did. When he arrived at a store 1. “Big Joe” Brady’s restaurant used to stand, he saw a man standing in the doorway, who told him he was waiting for his friend because of an appointment 2. (make) two decades ago.
After striking a match to light his cigar, the man moved on and said he believed his friend Jimmy would turn 3. , for Jimmy always was the truest and 4. (rely) fellow. Having heard this, the policeman sent his best wishes for the meeting and went away. About twenty minutes later, a tall man appeared, who called the man Bob and approached him.
5. (think) that he was his best friend, the man suspected nothing. But before he knew what happened, he 6. (arrest) by the tall man, who then handed him
7. note, which read “Bob: I was at the 8. (appoint) place on time. When you lit your cigar, I recognized you, but I also realized you were the 9. (crime) wanted in Chicago. I couldn’t arrest you 10. (I), so I got a plain-clothes man to do the job. JIMMY.”
【答案】 1.where 2.made 3.up 4.most reliable 5.Thinking 6.was arrested 7.a 8.appointed
9.criminal 10. myself
单句语法填空
1. (2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a (rely) weekly supply of fresh greens.
2.(2023·浙江1月卷)If you have individuals who are not on board,your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more (discourage).
3.He excelled where he was working and made (substance) contributions to his country.
4.After (appoint) as an ambassador for UNICEF,she was committed to charity.
5.The suspect insisted on his (innocent) throughout the entire trial, claiming he had no involvement in the crime.
6.In class,students shouldn’t be ashamed asking the teacher questions.
7.To her (disappoint),Jane didn’t come to dine with her.
8.In this country,you are innocent until proved (guilt).
9.It is (legal) to sell cigarettes to children who are under age 18.
10.Some people argue that it is dangerous to make friends online because they are likely
(cheat) by online friends.
【答案】 1.reliable 2.discouraged 3.substantial 4.being appointed 5.innocence 6.of
7.disappointment 8.guilty 9.illegal 10.to be cheated
假定你是李华,你校英语俱乐部将举办主题为“保护环境”的演讲比赛,请你写一篇演讲稿并参赛。
1.我很荣幸能站在这里发表一篇关于保护我们的环境的演讲。(privilege)
It is a privilege for me to stand here to deliver a speech about protecting our environment.
2.众所周知,过去我们的环境被无情地严重破坏,像水污染和空气污染。 (mercy)
As is known to us all, our environment was seriously damaged without mercy in the past,such as water pollution and air pollution.
3.更严重的事情是,令我们失望的是,越来越多的人类活动破坏了许多动物的栖息地,这使得许多野生动物,特别是稀有动物受到威胁。(disappointment)
Worse still, to our disappointment, the increasing human activities destroyed the habitats of many animals. This put the wildlife, especially rare animals, under threat.
4.值得欣慰的是,很多国家并没有假装什么都没发生,他们采取了很多措施来保护我们共同的家园。(pretend)
What delighted us was that many countries didn’t pretend nothing had happened. They took a variety of measures to protect our shared home.
5.但是,我们仍然还有很长的路要走。我们携手努力,就会创造一个更美丽的世界。(hand in hand;祈使句+and+陈述句)
However, there is still a long way to go. Make efforts hand in hand and we will create a more beautiful world.
[句式升级]
1.将第3句用非限制性定语从句进行改写升级。
Worse still,to our disappointment, the increasing human activities destroyed the habitats of many animals,which put the wildlife, especially rare animals, under threat.
2.将第4句用not...but rather...进行改写升级。
What delighted us was that many countries didn’t pretend nothing had happened but rather took a variety of measures to protect our shared home.
[连句成篇]
It is a privilege for me to stand here to deliver a speech about protecting our environment. As is known to us all, our environment was seriously damaged without mercy in the past,such as water pollution and air pollution. Worse still, to our disappointment, the increasing human activities destroyed the habitats of many animals,which put the wildlife, especially rare animals, under threat. What delighted us was that many countries didn’t pretend nothing had happened but rather took a variety of measures to protect our shared home. However, there is still a long way to go. Make efforts hand in hand and we will create a more beautiful world.
要求:找出下列各句中点训练里出现过的词汇。
比赛那天,令我失望的是,我开始对自己失去信心,怯场了。最后我走下了舞台,眼里充满了泪水。我咬着下唇,悲伤填满了我的心。我拖着沉重的双腿,心情沉重地走出了讲堂。我低下头,悲伤模糊了我的双眼。当我走进教室,悲伤如潮水般涌来,泪水顺着我的脸颊流下来。在接下来的几天里,我觉得自己漂浮在悲伤的海洋里,什么都不想做。
On the day of the contest,to my disappointment,I began to lose confidence in myself and suffered from stage fright.
In the end I walked off the stage,and my eyes were filled with tears.
I bit my bottom lip,and sadness filled my heart.
I dragged my heavy legs and moved out of the lecture hall with a sinking heart.
I hung my head,and sorrow clouded my eyes.
When I entered the classroom,sadness came in waves and tears streamed down my cheeks.
In the following days,I felt like I was floating in an ocean of sadness and did not want to do anything.
要求:根据括号中的提示完成句式升级。
On the day of the contest,to my disappointment,I began to lose confidence in myself and suffered from stage fright.In the end I walked off the stage,①my eyes filled with tears(独立主格结构).I bit my bottom lip,②with sadness filling my heart(with复合结构).I dragged my heavy legs and moved out of the lecture hall with a sinking heart.I hung my head,③sorrow clouding my eyes(独立主格结构).When I entered the classroom,sadness came in waves and tears streamed down my cheeks.In the following days,I felt like I was floating in an ocean of sadness,④not wanting to do anything(现在分词作状语).
(提示:面训练见P165)
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Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility
1.appointment n.约定,约会,预约;任命,委任;职务
[语境运用]一词多义/完成句子
(1)①His appointment has not been formally approved yet.
②This is a permanent appointment,requiring commitment and hard work.
③What is the latest time I can have an appointment
任命
职务
预约
(2)④得知你已被任命为学生会主席,我真诚地祝贺你。
Learning that you the Student Union,I sincerely congratulate you.
⑤我写信是为了向昨天的失约道歉,因为我遇到了一个意外的紧急情况,需要我立即处理。(应用文写作之道歉信)
I’m writing to apologize for yesterday because I had an unexpected emergency that required my immediate attention.
have been appointed as/to be chairman of
breaking our appointment
·have/make an appointment with sb 与某人有约
keep/break an appointment 守/违约
·appoint vt.任命;委派;约定
appoint sb to be/as...任命某人为…
appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事
2.ashamed adj.惭愧,羞愧,尴尬
[语境运用]单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①He was ashamed not finishing his task before the deadline.
②I’m ashamed (admit) that I’ve never read any of his books.
③It is a that he made contradictory remarks and did a
thing.He should feel ashamed.(shame)
of
to admit
shame
shameful
(2)④我感到非常羞愧,仿佛一把刀刺穿了我的心,泪水模糊了我的双眼。(读后续写之心理描写)
I was I felt as if a knife were piercing my heart,tears clouding my eyes.(so...that...)
so ashamed that
·be ashamed of 对…感到难为情/羞愧
be/feel ashamed to do sth因做某事而感到羞愧;不好意思做某事
·shame n.羞愧;羞耻;令人遗憾的事
It’s a shame that...…是令人遗憾的事
·shameful adj.可耻的;丢脸的
·shameless adj.不知羞耻的,无耻的
英语中有很多以a- 开头的形容词,如 asleep,afraid,awake,aware,alive等,一般作表语或后置定语。
[语境运用]单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①I’ll never forgive myself for (fail) to help you when you asked me for guidance.
②Please forgive my (interrupt),but I really don’t agree with that.
3.forgive vt.& vi.原谅,宽恕;免除(债务)
failing
interrupting
(2)③众所周知,不计前嫌是一种美德,尤其是在现今的社会中。(应用文写作之发言稿)
As is known to all, it’s a virtue to , especially in today’s society.
forgive and forget
·forgive sb sth 原谅某人某事
forgive sb for doing sth=forgive sb’s doing sth 原谅某人做了某事
forgive and forget 摒弃前嫌
·forgiveness n.原谅;宽恕
4.disappointed adj.失望的,沮丧的
[语境运用]单句语法填空/一句多译
(1)①The teacher was disappointed our performance, saying that we could have done better.
②To their great sorrow, their team didn’t win. The news made all the people present .(disappoint)
at/by/in/with
disappointing
disappointed
(2)③令简失望的是,这些树让直升机上的人无法从上面看到她。(读后续写之情绪描写)
→ , the trees made it impossible for people on the helicopter to see her from above.(disappointment n.)
→ was that the trees made it impossible for people on the helicopter to see her from above.(disappoint v.)
To Jane’s disappointment
What disappointed Jane
·be/feel disappointed at/by/in/with... 对…感到失望
be disappointed to do sth 对做某事感到失望
·disappointment n.失望;沮丧;令人失望的事
to one’s disappointment 使某人失望的是
·disappointing adj.令人失望的,令人扫兴的
·disappoint v.使失望
表示心理活动且与disappoint 用法相似的词还有:excite,annoy,interest,surprise,
shock,astonish,frighten,please,confuse,terrify,embarrass,worry,puzzle,amuse,amaze,inspire,encourage,satisfy,bore,dissatisfy,move等。
5.pretend vi.& vt. 假装;装扮,扮作;自诩,自认为
[语境运用]单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①The naughty boy pretended (read) when the teacher came into the classroom.
②He pretended (finish) his homework already.
to be reading
to have finished
(2)③当妈妈走进他的房间时,他把头埋在被子底下,假装睡着了。(读后续写之动作描写)
When Mom walked into his room, he buried his head under the quilt,
.
④当在学习中遇到困难时,我们应该有个好态度。不要不懂装懂。
When faced with difficulties in learning,we should have a good attitude.
.
pretending to be asleep
Don’t pretend to know what you don’t know
pretend
to be+n./adj.假装是…
to do sth假装做某事
to be doing sth假装正在做某事
to have done sth假装已经做过某事
that...假装…
6.privilege n.荣幸;特殊利益
vt.给予特权,特别优待
[语境运用]单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①We all know that nurses and doctors have the privilege (enter) the ward freely.
to enter
(2)②我很荣幸能站在这里发表关于成为聪明的在线学习者的演讲。(应用文写作之演讲稿)
on being smart online learners.
It’s a privilege for me to stand here to deliver a speech/I feel privileged to stand here to deliver a speech
·have the privilege to do sth/of doing sth 有做某事的特权
It is a privilege (for sb) to do sth (对某人来说)做某事是一种荣幸
·privileged adj.有特权的;受特别优待的
be/feel privileged to do sth 做某事是荣幸的
[语境运用]单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①A ship without an anchor is the mercy of the waves and winds.
②The leader is such a man and always has mercy on those homeless people but sometimes he can be to bad guys.(mercy)
7.mercy n.仁慈,宽恕,宽容;怜悯;幸运
at
merciful
merciless
(2)③他心地善良,经常同情陷入困境的人。(话题写作之人物介绍)
He is a kind-hearted man and often
.
has mercy on/shows mercy to people
who are in trouble
·show mercy to/towards sb 对某人表示怜悯
have mercy on对…表示怜悯
at the mercy of ...任…处置,对…无能为力
It’s a mercy that...幸运的是…
without mercy毫不留情地
·merciful adj.仁慈的,慈悲的,宽大为怀的
be merciful to/towards sb 对某人仁慈
·merciless adj.残忍的
8.under arrest 被逮捕
[语境运用]用under的相关短语完成句子
①It is reported that the driver of the truck,considered to be fully responsible for the accident,has been .
②The new bridge , measuring twice as long as the old one, is due to be completed next month.
under arrest
under construction
③The fire is still burning but it is now.
④How to better push ahead with the project is .
⑤Tropical rainforests are because of the global climate change and human activities.
under control
under discussion
under threat
under way在进行中
under control 处于控制中
under repair在修理中
under construction 在建设中
under discussion在讨论中
under consideration在考虑中
under pressure在压力之下
under threat受到威胁
[语境运用]完成句子
①Watching the old couple walking along the beach (臂挽着臂) gives me a sense of happiness.(读后续写之场景描写)
②Only when all of us join (手牵手) to fight against air pollution can we have a better environment.(话题写作之环境保护)
9.arm in arm 臂挽着臂
arm in arm
hand in hand
③Guilty and ashamed, he came into his friend’s home to beg for his forgiveness (面对面). (读后续写之心理描写)
face to face
hand in hand手牵手
face to face面对面
back to back背靠背
shoulder to shoulder=side by side肩并肩
eyes to eyes四目相对
heart to heart心贴心
step by step一步一步地
1.Hopefully,you have learnt to treat responsibility not as a weight that burdens you,but rather as a foundation which will support your future development.
希望你们已经学会不把责任当作困扰你们的重担,而是把它当作支持你们未来发展的基础。
◆not...but (rather)...不是…而是…
该句为复合句,主句为 “you have learnt to treat responsibility”,not...but rather...连接了两个并列的介词短语as a weight和as a foundation,其中包括两个定语从句——that burdens you修饰先行词weight,which will support your future development修饰先行词foundation。
[语境运用]完成句子
①他的成功并不在于他的学识,而在于他的勤奋。
His success lies .
not in his knowledge but rather in his diligence
②他不是在读这本小说,而是在扮演其中的一个角色。
He is the novel but one of the characters in it.
③我工作不是因为我不得不工作,而是因为我想工作。
I work .
④生命的价值不在于活了多少天,而在于我们如何利用这些日子。
The value of life the length of days, the use that how we make of them.
not reading
playing
not because I have to but because I want to
doesn’t lie in
but lies in
·not...but...意为“不是…而是…”,连接两个并列的成分,表示意思的转折,not后接被否定的内容,but后面接被认可的事实。
·not...but rather...“不是…而是/倒是…”。but rather比but更强烈地表示与前一部分的对比意味,rather 起加强语气的作用。
· “not...but (rather)...”连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词要与紧靠它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
2.Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow.
今天播下成功的种子,明天就会有巨大的收获。
◆祈使句+and+陈述句
[语境运用]单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①Read this story you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.
②More healthy food your health will break down sooner or later.
and
or/otherwise
(2)③关上你身后的恐惧之门,你就会看到你前面敞开的信心之门。
and you will see the door of faith open before you.
④看到事情光明的一面,你就会过得更快乐。
Look on the bright side of things .
Close the door of fear behind you
and you will live a happier life
①“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型,表示“如果…就…”,其中祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句,and之后的句子相当于主句。
②“祈使句+or (else)/otherwise+陈述句”表示“…否则…”。
③“祈使句+并列连词+陈述句”句型也可以用“名词词组+并列连词+陈述句”句型表示。这种句型也可转换成“if引导的条件状语从句+主句”结构,这时要去掉or或and。
One more hour and I’ll get the work finished.(名词词组)
=If you give me one more hour,I’ll get the work finished.(if引导的条件状语从句)
=If I am given one more hour,I’ll get the work finished.(if引导的条件状语从句)
单元能力·提升自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.(2022·全国甲卷)Then,one after another,Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there—broad parks, (极佳的) beaches,and a culturally diverse population.
2.Mary had (勉强可能) enough money to live on.
3.They have put (大量的) funds into rebuilding those areas.
superb
barely
substantial
4.Do you have a broad (概述) of what was discussed in the conference
5.The farm was flooded,with the result that most of the (收成) was lost.
6.With such models,scientists have found out some key (原则) operating in food webs.
7.I find that mother is beginning to get (皱纹) round her eyes.
outline
harvest
principles
wrinkles
8.Leslie argues that curiosity is a much-overlooked human (美德),
crucial to our success,and that we are losing it.
9.It is essential that we act with (正直) in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live.
10. (同样地),they consider eye contact very important and suggest not trusting anyone who is afraid to look you in the eye.
virtue
integrity
Likewise
1.The fast population growth worldwide means nature is
human activities.
2.He walked from the building with his wife.
3.The old houses last year and new tall buildings are being built.
Ⅱ.用本单元所学短语完成句子
at the mercy of
tear down make one’s fortune lose contact with arm in arm at the mercy of weigh on
arm in arm
were torn down
4.As our working lives take over,we some old friends,
causing the number to drop to around 68 by the time we reach 29 years old.
5.Determined to in South America,Mark Twain set off from his home for New Orleans in his teens.
6.I realise the immense responsibilities my shoulders.
lose contact with
tear down make one’s fortune lose contact with arm in arm at the mercy of weigh on
make his fortune
weigh on
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
It was barely ten o’clock at night. A policeman walked along the street as he always did. When he arrived at a store 1. “Big Joe” Brady’s restaurant used to stand, he saw a man standing in the doorway, who told him he was waiting for his friend because of an appointment
2. (make) two decades ago.
where
made
After striking a match to light his cigar, the man moved on and said he believed his friend Jimmy would turn 3. , for Jimmy always was the truest and 4. (rely) fellow. Having heard this, the policeman sent his best wishes for the meeting and went away. About twenty minutes later, a tall man appeared, who called the man Bob and approached him. 5.
(think) that he was his best friend, the man suspected nothing.
up
most reliable
Thinking
But before he knew what happened, he 6. (arrest) by the tall man, who then handed him 7. note, which read “Bob: I was at the
8. (appoint) place on time. When you lit your cigar, I recognized you, but I also realized you were the 9. (crime) wanted in Chicago. I couldn’t arrest you 10. (I), so I got a plain-clothes man to do the job. JIMMY.”
was arrested
a
appointed
criminal
myself
单句语法填空
1. (2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a (rely) weekly supply of fresh greens.
2.(2023·浙江1月卷)If you have individuals who are not on board,your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more
(discourage).
3.He excelled where he was working and made (substance) contributions to his country.
reliable
discouraged
substantial
4.After (appoint) as an ambassador for UNICEF,she was committed to charity.
5.The suspect insisted on his (innocent) throughout the entire trial, claiming he had no involvement in the crime.
6.In class,students shouldn’t be ashamed asking the teacher questions.
7.To her (disappoint),Jane didn’t come to dine with her.
being appointed
innocence
of
disappointment
8.In this country,you are innocent until proved (guilt).
9.It is (legal) to sell cigarettes to children who are under age 18.
10.Some people argue that it is dangerous to make friends online because they are likely (cheat) by online friends.
guilty
illegal
to be cheated
微写作
演讲稿——人与环境——保护环境
假定你是李华,你校英语俱乐部将举办主题为“保护环境”的演讲比赛,请你写一篇演讲稿并参赛。
1.我很荣幸能站在这里发表一篇关于保护我们的环境的演讲。(privilege)
It is a privilege for me to stand here to deliver a speech about protecting our environment.
2.众所周知,过去我们的环境被无情地严重破坏,像水污染和空气污染。 (mercy)
As is known to us all, our environment was seriously damaged without mercy in the past,such as water pollution and air pollution.
3.更严重的事情是,令我们失望的是,越来越多的人类活动破坏了许多动物的栖息地,这使得许多野生动物,特别是稀有动物受到威胁。(disappointment)
Worse still, to our disappointment, the increasing human activities destroyed the habitats of many animals. This put the wildlife, especially rare animals, under threat.
4.值得欣慰的是,很多国家并没有假装什么都没发生,他们采取了很多措施来保护我们共同的家园。(pretend)
What delighted us was that many countries didn’t pretend nothing had happened. They took a variety of measures to protect our shared home.
5.但是,我们仍然还有很长的路要走。我们携手努力,就会创造一个更美丽的世界。(hand in hand;祈使句+and+陈述句)
However, there is still a long way to go. Make efforts hand in hand and we will create a more beautiful world.
[句式升级]
1.将第3句用非限制性定语从句进行改写升级。
Worse still,to our disappointment, the increasing human activities destroyed the habitats of many animals,which put the wildlife, especially rare animals, under threat.
2.将第4句用not...but rather...进行改写升级。
What delighted us was that many countries didn’t pretend nothing had happened but rather took a variety of measures to protect our shared home.
[连句成篇]
It is a privilege for me to stand here to deliver a speech about protecting our environment. As is known to us all, our environment was seriously damaged without mercy in the past,such as water pollution and air pollution. Worse still, to our disappointment, the increasing human activities destroyed the habitats of many animals,which put the wildlife, especially rare animals, under threat. What delighted us was that many countries didn’t pretend nothing had happened but rather took a variety of measures to protect our shared home. However, there is still a long way to go. Make efforts hand in hand and we will create a more beautiful world.
读后续写微技能
点训练——“悲伤、沮丧、失望”
读后续写微技能
要求:找出下列各句中点训练里出现过的词汇。
比赛那天,令我失望的是,我开始对自己失去信心,怯场了。最后我走下了舞台,眼里充满了泪水。我咬着下唇,悲伤填满了我的心。我拖着沉重的双腿,心情沉重地走出了讲堂。我低下头,悲伤模糊了我的双眼。当我走进教室,悲伤如潮水般涌来,泪水顺着我的脸颊流下来。在接下来的几天里,我觉得自己漂浮在悲伤的海洋里,什么都不想做。
线训练——“悲伤、沮丧、失望”
On the day of the contest,to my disappointment,I began to lose confidence in myself and suffered from stage fright.
In the end I walked off the stage,and my eyes were filled with tears.
I bit my bottom lip,and sadness filled my heart.
I dragged my heavy legs and moved out of the lecture hall with a sinking heart.
I hung my head,and sorrow clouded my eyes.
When I entered the classroom,sadness came in waves and tears streamed down my cheeks.
In the following days,I felt like I was floating in an ocean of sadness and did not want to do anything.
要求:根据括号中的提示完成句式升级。
On the day of the contest,to my disappointment,I began to lose confidence in myself and suffered from stage fright.In the end I walked off the stage,①my eyes filled with tears(独立主格结构).I bit my bottom lip,②with sadness filling my heart(with复合结构).I dragged my heavy legs and moved out of the lecture hall with a sinking heart.I hung my head,③sorrow clouding my eyes(独立主格结构).
When I entered the classroom,sadness came in waves and tears streamed down my cheeks.In the following days,I felt like I was floating in an ocean of sadness,④not wanting to do anything(现在分词作状语).
