Unit 1 Back to school（原卷版）
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共27.5分)
A
Going from middle school to high school can be difficult,as students are faced with new academic (学业的) and social challenges.Before the first day of high school,there are things every soon-to-be high school freshman and their families should know.
People who have a fixed mindset (思维倾向) believe that they are born to be great or weak.On the other hand,people that have a growth mindset believe that their greatness or weakness is because of their own actions.I totally agree that students should have a growth mindset.I don’t expect any student to move from just passing a subject to an A+.It’s going to take time and focused effort; just keep working on it.
Parents should prepare students to fight the battle “on the pillow” and “in the kitchen”.
When I say “pillow” I mean sleep.Not having enough sleep can have some surprising effects on students,including improper behaviour,anxiety and poor grades.The second weapon (武器) is eating healthy and balanced meals.Studies show that students who eat nutritious meals and who exercise 60 minutes a day remain more attentive during the school day and experience improved academic achievement and grades.This last “secret” weapon is not to have over-scheduled (安排过度的) time.Make sure students know how to set realistic plans and how to say no to tasks and activities that aren’t important to them.
A lot of students know each other from primary and middle school.They are in their “comfort zones”,feeling they have a sense of control over and expectation of their relationships.But when the first real day of high school arrives,that will all change.The reason why I encourage high school freshmen to step out of their comfort zones,though often scary,is that comfort zones get boring and there are many kinds of people to get to know.Let’s encourage them to get involved,have fun and play.
( )1.What might the author encourage parents to do
[A] To prepare healthy meals for their kids.
[B] To praise their kids when they do well in school.
[C] To take their kids to visit their grandparents often.
[D] To buy soft pillows for their kids to have a good rest.
( )2.What is the third weapon mainly about
[A] Enjoying good health.
[B] Owning the ability to say no.
[C] Balancing schoolwork and play.
[D] Developing time management skills.
( )3.What does the underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refer to
[A] The sense of control.
[B] The value of friendship.
[C] The feeling that they have control over relationships.
[D] The feeling that they become helpless.
B
(2024-2025学年全国九省10月联考)
The Greek philosopher Heraclitus taught that you can’t step into the same river twice,for you aren’t the same person at each visit,and the water is ever flowing.It is a powerful way to represent the reality that everything is always changing.
Yet so many of us have difficulty adapting to change.We deny it,resist it or attempt to control it,the result of which is almost always some combination of stress,anxiety and burnout.
It doesn’t have to be that way.No doubt,change can,and often does,hurt.But with the right mindset,it can also be a force for growth.It’s not as if we have any choice in the matter.Like it or not,life is change.We’d be wise to shift our position from useless resistance to being in conversation with change instead.
A concept called allostasis can help.Developed in the late 1980s by Peter Sterling and Joseph Eyer,allostasis is defined as “stability through change”.In other words,the way to stay stable through the process of change is by changing,at least to some extent.
From neuroscience to pain science and psychology,allostasis has become the standard model for understanding change in the scientific community.The brain is at its best when it is constantly making new connections.Overcoming pain,be it physical or psychological,is not about resistance (which often worsens the experience) or trying to get back to where you were before a distressing event or situation.It’s about balancing acceptance with problem-solving and moving forward to a new normal.
Yet this concept is still little known to ordinary people and it is time to start practicing it now.Over the past few years,the river of change has been flowing mercilessly,and it shows no signs of letting up.Hardly a decade after the widespread adoption of social media,a new technology that may be far more powerful,artificial intelligence,is being widely used.
It’s like what our friend Heraclitus advised:Take part in change by focusing on what we can control and trying to let go of what we can’t.Our ability to work with these changes is directly related to our life satisfaction.
( )4.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph
[A] We could have a right mindset.
[B] Philosophy exists everywhere.
[C] Some people are wiser than others.
[D] Change is unavoidable in life.
( )5.How should we deal with changes according to the author
[A] Ignore them. [B] Participate in them.
[C] Fight against them. [D] Put them under control.
( )6.What does the underlined phrase “letting up” in Paragraph 6 probably mean
[A] Slowing down. [B] Setting off.
[C] Marching on. [D] Pulling in.
( )7.What is the best title for the text
[A] Why Can’t We Adapt to Changes in Life
[B] How Can We Increase Our Life Satisfaction
[C] Let’s Transform Our Relationship with Change
[D] Try to Help the Public to Understand Allostasis
C
Researchers found that those with strong,close bonds (关系) with their friends at age 15 were more likely to be healthy and happy later.Importantly,popularity—defined as lots of people liking you generally,but without bonding with each other closely—wasn’t found to have the same benefit as close friends.“Close friendship strength in mid-adolescence predicted relative increases in self-worth and decreases in anxiety and depressive symptoms by early adulthood,” according to the authors of the study.Popularity actually had the opposite negative effect.
The researchers who carried out the study followed the 169 subjects every year for a decade,which means that their data are pretty strong.The scientists weren’t relying on their recall of the types of relationships people had years later;they got data in real time from their subjects as they grew and matured (成熟).
Each year,the subjects spoke to the researchers about their friends—who their best friends were and what their relationships were like with other friends.“Through interviews and assessments,they were asked about anxiety,social acceptance,self-worth and symptoms of depression;teens’ close friends also reported on their friendships and were interviewed,” according to the release.
Then the researchers analysed the 10 years of data to understand how people handled stress over time.Those who were merely popular did worse on several measures of mental health compared to people with strong high school friendships.
The study shows that being well-liked by a large group of people cannot take the place of forming deep,supportive friendships.Because these experiences stay with us in addition to what happens later.As technology makes it increasingly easy to build a social network of ordinary friends,focusing time and attention on cultivating close connections with a few individuals should be a priority (优先事项).
( )8.What is the potential of close friendship in mid-adolescence compared with popularity
[A] People will have more confidence. [B] People will have less self-worth.
[C] People will be more depressed. [D] People will be more anxious.
( )9.Why is the study reliable
[A] Because the researchers gathered the data when the subjects were quite young.
[B] Because the researchers collected the data when the subjects were mature.
[C] Because the researchers got the data from the subjects’ memory.
[D] Because the researchers obtained the data in real time.
( )10.What was the researchers most concerned about in terms of the subjects
[A] Their diet. [B] Their intelligence.
[C] Their social acceptance. [D] Their body shape.
( )11.What is the purpose of the last paragraph
[A] To oppose other people’s theories.
[B] To draw a conclusion and give advice.
[C] To present the methods of the research.
[D] To point out the limitations of the research.
Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分,共15分)
Spanish class scared me in the freshman year.I knew little Spanish before starting the class,and I thought it would be 1 for me.However,Mary,our honoured Spanish teacher,
who was full of creativity,made her class fun from the beginning.I knew what to expect with a schedule for each week,but there was always some slight 2 .
Before the exam,Mary often asked us to 3 our lessons by ourselves.But I could remember one day she said,“This time,let’s play a game before going over what you’ve learnt.” The game was so interesting that we all 4 ourselves.After the exam,Mary gave us opportunities to make up for our 5 .After each error correction,she would check again.She took things so 6 that she wouldn’t overlook any detail.No wonder she was 7 by us.
Mary was 8 and willing to help,within reason,on everything.We could ask her questions at any time.She encouraged everyone to speak Spanish in class.Because of that,I was
9 enough,and then I could communicate with Spanish speakers outside of class.When she knew our problems,she would give advice.When someone was struggling,she would
10 .
Mary’s 11 teaching eventually transformed my 12 into fascination.She infused (灌输) foreign culture into lessons,using music and dance to 13 our language skills.Her personalised attention to each student’s needs fostered a(n) 14 environment.At the end of the term,my Spanish improved,and my confidence soared.Mary left a lasting impact on my 15 for new challenges.
( )1.[A] exciting [B] easy [C] boring [D] beneficial
( )2.[A] variation [B] disturbance [C] annoyance [D] inconvenience
( )3.[A] explain [B] describe [C] prepare [D] review
( )4.[A] challenged [B] enjoyed [C] trusted [D] developed
( )5.[A] experience [B] time [C] losses [D] mistakes
( )6.[A] seriously [B] roughly [C] modestly [D] curiously
( )7.[A] amused [B] respected [C] judged [D] spotted
( )8.[A] understanding [B] humble [C] athletic [D] courageous
( )9.[A] discouraged [B] suspected [C] heartened [D] comforted
( )10.[A] set out [B] reach out [C] get out [D] make out
( )11.[A] passive [B] conventional [C] voluntary [D] innovative
( )12.[A] fear [B] sorrow [C] anger [D] confusion
( )13.[A] know [B] match [C] enhance [D] assess
( )14.[A] secure [B] supportive [C] economic [D] competitive
( )15.[A] pity [B] profit [C] debate [D] desire
Unit 1 Back to school（解析版）
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共27.5分)
A
Going from middle school to high school can be difficult,as students are faced with new academic (学业的) and social challenges.Before the first day of high school,there are things every soon-to-be high school freshman and their families should know.
People who have a fixed mindset (思维倾向) believe that they are born to be great or weak.On the other hand,people that have a growth mindset believe that their greatness or weakness is because of their own actions.I totally agree that students should have a growth mindset.I don’t expect any student to move from just passing a subject to an A+.It’s going to take time and focused effort; just keep working on it.
Parents should prepare students to fight the battle “on the pillow” and “in the kitchen”.
When I say “pillow” I mean sleep.Not having enough sleep can have some surprising effects on students,including improper behaviour,anxiety and poor grades.The second weapon (武器) is eating healthy and balanced meals.Studies show that students who eat nutritious meals and who exercise 60 minutes a day remain more attentive during the school day and experience improved academic achievement and grades.This last “secret” weapon is not to have over-scheduled (安排过度的) time.Make sure students know how to set realistic plans and how to say no to tasks and activities that aren’t important to them.
A lot of students know each other from primary and middle school.They are in their “comfort zones”,feeling they have a sense of control over and expectation of their relationships.But when the first real day of high school arrives,that will all change.The reason why I encourage high school freshmen to step out of their comfort zones,though often scary,is that comfort zones get boring and there are many kinds of people to get to know.Let’s encourage them to get involved,have fun and play.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要为每个即将进入高中的新生和他们的家人介绍了一些应该知道的事情。
( )1.What might the author encourage parents to do
[A] To prepare healthy meals for their kids.
[B] To praise their kids when they do well in school.
[C] To take their kids to visit their grandparents often.
[D] To buy soft pillows for their kids to have a good rest.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The second weapon (武器) is...and grades.”可知,作者认为健康均衡的饮食很重要,可以帮助孩子们改善学习表现。因此,作者会鼓励家长为他们的孩子准备健康的食物。故选A。
( )2.What is the third weapon mainly about
[A] Enjoying good health.
[B] Owning the ability to say no.
[C] Balancing schoolwork and play.
[D] Developing time management skills.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知,第三个武器主要是培养时间管理技能,合理安排时间。故选D。
( )3.What does the underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refer to
[A] The sense of control.
[B] The value of friendship.
[C] The feeling that they have control over relationships.
[D] The feeling that they become helpless.
【答案】 C
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线词之前的内容以及下文的“will all change”可知,此处先描述学生们待在“舒适区”的感觉,再提到高中的第一天意味着改变。由此可知,that指代的是前面描述的那种他们能控制人际关系的感觉。故选C。
B
(2024-2025学年全国九省10月联考)
The Greek philosopher Heraclitus taught that you can’t step into the same river twice,for you aren’t the same person at each visit,and the water is ever flowing.It is a powerful way to represent the reality that everything is always changing.
Yet so many of us have difficulty adapting to change.We deny it,resist it or attempt to control it,the result of which is almost always some combination of stress,anxiety and burnout.
It doesn’t have to be that way.No doubt,change can,and often does,hurt.But with the right mindset,it can also be a force for growth.It’s not as if we have any choice in the matter.Like it or not,life is change.We’d be wise to shift our position from useless resistance to being in conversation with change instead.
A concept called allostasis can help.Developed in the late 1980s by Peter Sterling and Joseph Eyer,allostasis is defined as “stability through change”.In other words,the way to stay stable through the process of change is by changing,at least to some extent.
From neuroscience to pain science and psychology,allostasis has become the standard model for understanding change in the scientific community.The brain is at its best when it is constantly making new connections.Overcoming pain,be it physical or psychological,is not about resistance (which often worsens the experience) or trying to get back to where you were before a distressing event or situation.It’s about balancing acceptance with problem-solving and moving forward to a new normal.
Yet this concept is still little known to ordinary people and it is time to start practicing it now.Over the past few years,the river of change has been flowing mercilessly,and it shows no signs of letting up.Hardly a decade after the widespread adoption of social media,a new technology that may be far more powerful,artificial intelligence,is being widely used.
It’s like what our friend Heraclitus advised:Take part in change by focusing on what we can control and trying to let go of what we can’t.Our ability to work with these changes is directly related to our life satisfaction.
【语篇导读】 本文是议论文。生命中唯一不变的就是变化。作者认为我们要学会适应无法改变的变化,积极地在变化中成长。
( )4.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph
[A] We could have a right mindset.
[B] Philosophy exists everywhere.
[C] Some people are wiser than others.
[D] Change is unavoidable in life.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,一切都在变化。故选D。
( )5.How should we deal with changes according to the author
[A] Ignore them. [B] Participate in them.
[C] Fight against them. [D] Put them under control.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句及最后一段第一句可知,作者认为比较可行的态度是积极参与到变化中来。故选B。
( )6.What does the underlined phrase “letting up” in Paragraph 6 probably mean
[A] Slowing down. [B] Setting off.
[C] Marching on. [D] Pulling in.
【答案】 A
【解析】 猜测短语题。根据画线短语后一句可推断,科技进步还没有放慢的迹象。
故选A。
( )7.What is the best title for the text
[A] Why Can’t We Adapt to Changes in Life
[B] How Can We Increase Our Life Satisfaction
[C] Let’s Transform Our Relationship with Change
[D] Try to Help the Public to Understand Allostasis
【答案】 C
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文,特别是第三段及第四段可知,作者希望我们能改变心态去适应无法改变的变化,并积极地在变化中成长。故选C。
C
Researchers found that those with strong,close bonds (关系) with their friends at age 15 were more likely to be healthy and happy later.Importantly,popularity—defined as lots of people liking you generally,but without bonding with each other closely—wasn’t found to have the same benefit as close friends.“Close friendship strength in mid-adolescence predicted relative increases in self-worth and decreases in anxiety and depressive symptoms by early adulthood,” according to the authors of the study.Popularity actually had the opposite negative effect.
The researchers who carried out the study followed the 169 subjects every year for a decade,which means that their data are pretty strong.The scientists weren’t relying on their recall of the types of relationships people had years later;they got data in real time from their subjects as they grew and matured (成熟).
Each year,the subjects spoke to the researchers about their friends—who their best friends were and what their relationships were like with other friends.“Through interviews and assessments,they were asked about anxiety,social acceptance,self-worth and symptoms of depression;teens’ close friends also reported on their friendships and were interviewed,” according to the release.
Then the researchers analysed the 10 years of data to understand how people handled stress over time.Those who were merely popular did worse on several measures of mental health compared to people with strong high school friendships.
The study shows that being well-liked by a large group of people cannot take the place of forming deep,supportive friendships.Because these experiences stay with us in addition to what happens later.As technology makes it increasingly easy to build a social network of ordinary friends,focusing time and attention on cultivating close connections with a few individuals should be a priority (优先事项).
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了研究人员发现在青春期中期亲密朋友比普通朋友对青少年未来的生活意义更重大。
( )8.What is the potential of close friendship in mid-adolescence compared with popularity
[A] People will have more confidence. [B] People will have less self-worth.
[C] People will be more depressed. [D] People will be more anxious.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段中倒数第一、第二句可知,受欢迎程度实际上产生了相反的负面影响,与受欢迎程度相比,青春期中期亲密友谊的潜力是会使人们更自信。
故选A。
( )9.Why is the study reliable
[A] Because the researchers gathered the data when the subjects were quite young.
[B] Because the researchers collected the data when the subjects were mature.
[C] Because the researchers got the data from the subjects’ memory.
[D] Because the researchers obtained the data in real time.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The scientists weren’t...and matured (成熟).”可知,研究可信的原因是研究人员实时获得数据。故选D。
( )10.What was the researchers most concerned about in terms of the subjects
[A] Their diet. [B] Their intelligence.
[C] Their social acceptance. [D] Their body shape.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Through interviews...to the release.”可知,就受试者而言,研究人员最关心的是他们的社会接受度。故选C。
( )11.What is the purpose of the last paragraph
[A] To oppose other people’s theories.
[B] To draw a conclusion and give advice.
[C] To present the methods of the research.
[D] To point out the limitations of the research.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,最后一段的目的是得出结论并给予建议。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分,共15分)
Spanish class scared me in the freshman year.I knew little Spanish before starting the class,and I thought it would be 1 for me.However,Mary,our honoured Spanish teacher,
who was full of creativity,made her class fun from the beginning.I knew what to expect with a schedule for each week,but there was always some slight 2 .
Before the exam,Mary often asked us to 3 our lessons by ourselves.But I could remember one day she said,“This time,let’s play a game before going over what you’ve learnt.” The game was so interesting that we all 4 ourselves.After the exam,Mary gave us opportunities to make up for our 5 .After each error correction,she would check again.She took things so 6 that she wouldn’t overlook any detail.No wonder she was 7 by us.
Mary was 8 and willing to help,within reason,on everything.We could ask her questions at any time.She encouraged everyone to speak Spanish in class.Because of that,I was
9 enough,and then I could communicate with Spanish speakers outside of class.When she knew our problems,she would give advice.When someone was struggling,she would
10 .
Mary’s 11 teaching eventually transformed my 12 into fascination.She infused (灌输) foreign culture into lessons,using music and dance to 13 our language skills.Her personalised attention to each student’s needs fostered a(n) 14 environment.At the end of the term,my Spanish improved,and my confidence soared.Mary left a lasting impact on my 15 for new challenges.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者在大学一年级时,由于几乎不懂西班牙语而对西班牙语课程感到害怕。然而,他们才华横溢且富有创意的西班牙语老师Mary用她的教学方法和对每个学生的个性化关注,使课堂变得有趣,并帮助作者克服了恐惧,提高了语言能力,并培养了作者面对新挑战的信心。
( )1.[A] exciting [B] easy [C] boring [D] beneficial
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文的“I knew little Spanish”可知,作者语言不通,感到上课无聊(boring)。
故选C。
( )2.[A] variation [B] disturbance [C] annoyance [D] inconvenience
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文中的but可知,此处表示转折,说明此处表达的是虽然知道日程安排,但总是会有一些细微的变化(variation)。故选A。
( )3.[A] explain [B] describe [C] prepare [D] review
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文的“before going over what you’ve learnt”可知,老师让他们复习(review)功课。故选D。
( )4.[A] challenged [B] enjoyed [C] trusted [D] developed
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文可知,老师让学生们玩的游戏有趣,因此是他们玩得高兴。故选B。
( )5.[A] experience [B] time [C] losses [D] mistakes
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文的“After each error correction,she would check again.”可知,老师让学生纠错。故选D。
( )6.[A] seriously [B] roughly [C] modestly [D] curiously
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文的“she wouldn’t overlook any detail”可知,她不忽视细节,说明对待事情认真(seriously)。故选A。
( )7.[A] amused [B] respected [C] judged [D] spotted
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文的描述可知,Mary老师做事认真,被学生们尊重。故选B。
( )8.[A] understanding [B] humble [C] athletic [D] courageous
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文的“and willing to help,within reason,on everything”可知,Mary老师通情达理(understanding),愿意提供帮助。故选A。
( )9.[A] discouraged [B] suspected [C] heartened [D] comforted
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文的“She encouraged everyone to speak Spanish in class.”可知,作者是被老师所激励(heartened)。故选C。
( )10.[A] set out [B] reach out [C] get out [D] make out
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文的“willing to help”和“When she knew our problems,she would give advice.”可知,Mary乐于助人,有人有困难,她愿意伸出援手(reach out)。故选B。
( )11.[A] passive [B] conventional [C] voluntary [D] innovative
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文的“However,Mary,our...of creativity”可知,Mary的教学是创新的(innovative)。故选D。
( )12.[A] fear [B] sorrow [C] anger [D] confusion
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文的“Spanish class scared me in the freshman year.”可知,作者一开始是对西班牙语课感到害怕(fear)。故选A。
( )13.[A] know [B] match [C] enhance [D] assess
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文的“our language skills”可知,把外国文化融入课程中,用音乐和舞蹈是为了提高(enhance)我们的语言技能。故选C。
( )14.[A] secure [B] supportive [C] economic [D] competitive
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文的“Her personalised attention to each student’s needs”可知,老师关注每一个学生,即支持学生、关注学生培养了一个良好的支持性(supportive)环境。故选B。
( )15.[A] pity [B] profit [C] debate [D] desire
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文的“At the end of the...confidence soared.”可知,作者自信增强了,所以渴望(desire)新挑战。故选D。
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Unit 1 Back to school
必修 第一册
(限时:35分钟 总分:42.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题2.5分,共27.5分)
A
Going from middle school to high school can be difficult,as students are faced with new academic (学业的) and social challenges.Before the first day of high school,there are things every soon-to-be high school freshman and their families should know.
People who have a fixed mindset (思维倾向) believe that they are born to be great or weak.On the other hand,people that have a growth mindset believe that their greatness or weakness is because of their own actions.I totally agree that students should have a growth mindset.I don’t expect any student to move from just passing a subject to an A+.It’s going to take time and focused effort; just keep working on it.
Parents should prepare students to fight the battle “on the pillow” and “in the kitchen”.When I say “pillow” I mean sleep.Not having enough sleep can have some surprising effects on students,including improper behaviour,anxiety and poor grades.The second weapon (武器) is eating healthy and balanced meals.Studies show that students who eat nutritious meals and who exercise 60 minutes a day remain more attentive during the school day and experience improved academic achievement and grades.This last “secret” weapon is not to have over-scheduled (安排过度的) time.Make sure students know how to set realistic plans and how to say no to tasks and activities that aren’t important to them.
A lot of students know each other from primary and middle school.
They are in their “comfort zones”,feeling they have a sense of control over and expectation of their relationships.But when the first real day of high school arrives,that will all change.The reason why I encourage high school freshmen to step out of their comfort zones,though often scary,is that comfort zones get boring and there are many kinds of people to get to know.
Let’s encourage them to get involved,have fun and play.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要为每个即将进入高中的新生和他们的家人介绍了一些应该知道的事情。
( )1.What might the author encourage parents to do
[A] To prepare healthy meals for their kids.
[B] To praise their kids when they do well in school.
[C] To take their kids to visit their grandparents often.
[D] To buy soft pillows for their kids to have a good rest.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The second weapon (武器)
is...and grades.”可知,作者认为健康均衡的饮食很重要,可以帮助孩子们改善学习表现。因此,作者会鼓励家长为他们的孩子准备健康的食物。故选A。
( )2.What is the third weapon mainly about
[A] Enjoying good health.
[B] Owning the ability to say no.
[C] Balancing schoolwork and play.
[D] Developing time management skills.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知,第三个武器主要是培养时间管理技能,合理安排时间。故选D。
( )3.What does the underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refer to
[A] The sense of control.
[B] The value of friendship.
[C] The feeling that they have control over relationships.
[D] The feeling that they become helpless.
C
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线词之前的内容以及下文的“will all change”可知,此处先描述学生们待在“舒适区”的感觉,再提到高中的第一天意味着改变。由此可知,that指代的是前面描述的那种他们能控制人际关系的感觉。故选C。
B
(2024-2025学年全国九省10月联考)
The Greek philosopher Heraclitus taught that you can’t step into the same river twice,for you aren’t the same person at each visit,and the water is ever flowing.It is a powerful way to represent the reality that everything is always changing.
Yet so many of us have difficulty adapting to change.We deny it,resist it or attempt to control it,the result of which is almost always some combination of stress,anxiety and burnout.
It doesn’t have to be that way.No doubt,change can,and often does,
hurt.But with the right mindset,it can also be a force for growth.It’s not as if we have any choice in the matter.Like it or not,life is change.We’d be wise to shift our position from useless resistance to being in conversation with change instead.
A concept called allostasis can help.Developed in the late 1980s by Peter Sterling and Joseph Eyer,allostasis is defined as “stability through change”.In other words,the way to stay stable through the process of change is by changing,at least to some extent.
From neuroscience to pain science and psychology,allostasis has become the standard model for understanding change in the scientific community.The brain is at its best when it is constantly making new connections.Overcoming pain,be it physical or psychological,is not about resistance (which often worsens the experience) or trying to get back to where you were before a distressing event or situation.It’s about balancing acceptance with problem-solving and moving forward to a new normal.
Yet this concept is still little known to ordinary people and it is time to start practicing it now.Over the past few years,the river of change has been flowing mercilessly,and it shows no signs of letting up.Hardly a decade after the widespread adoption of social media,a new technology that may be far more powerful,artificial intelligence,is being widely used.
It’s like what our friend Heraclitus advised:Take part in change by focusing on what we can control and trying to let go of what we can’t.Our ability to work with these changes is directly related to our life satisfaction.
【语篇导读】 本文是议论文。生命中唯一不变的就是变化。作者认为我们要学会适应无法改变的变化,积极地在变化中成长。
( )4.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph
[A] We could have a right mindset.
[B] Philosophy exists everywhere.
[C] Some people are wiser than others.
[D] Change is unavoidable in life.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,一切都在变化。故选D。
( )5.How should we deal with changes according to the author
[A] Ignore them. [B] Participate in them.
[C] Fight against them. [D] Put them under control.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句及最后一段第一句可知,作者认为比较可行的态度是积极参与到变化中来。故选B。
( )6.What does the underlined phrase “letting up” in Paragraph 6 probably mean
[A] Slowing down. [B] Setting off.
[C] Marching on. [D] Pulling in.
A
【解析】 猜测短语题。根据画线短语后一句可推断,科技进步还没有放慢的迹象。故选A。
( )7.What is the best title for the text
[A] Why Can’t We Adapt to Changes in Life
[B] How Can We Increase Our Life Satisfaction
[C] Let’s Transform Our Relationship with Change
[D] Try to Help the Public to Understand Allostasis
C
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文,特别是第三段及第四段可知,作者希望我们能改变心态去适应无法改变的变化,并积极地在变化中成长。故选C。
C
Researchers found that those with strong,close bonds (关系) with their friends at age 15 were more likely to be healthy and happy later.Importantly,
popularity—defined as lots of people liking you generally,but without bonding with each other closely—wasn’t found to have the same benefit as close friends.“Close friendship strength in mid-adolescence predicted relative increases in self-worth and decreases in anxiety and depressive symptoms by early adulthood,” according to the authors of the study.
Popularity actually had the opposite negative effect.
The researchers who carried out the study followed the 169 subjects every year for a decade,which means that their data are pretty strong.The scientists weren’t relying on their recall of the types of relationships people had years later;they got data in real time from their subjects as they grew and matured (成熟).
Each year,the subjects spoke to the researchers about their friends—who their best friends were and what their relationships were like with other friends.“Through interviews and assessments,they were asked about anxiety,social acceptance,self-worth and symptoms of depression;teens’ close friends also reported on their friendships and were interviewed,” according to the release.
Then the researchers analysed the 10 years of data to understand how people handled stress over time.Those who were merely popular did worse on several measures of mental health compared to people with strong high school friendships.
The study shows that being well-liked by a large group of people cannot take the place of forming deep,supportive friendships.Because these experiences stay with us in addition to what happens later.As technology makes it increasingly easy to build a social network of ordinary friends,
focusing time and attention on cultivating close connections with a few individuals should be a priority (优先事项).
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了研究人员发现在青春期中期亲密朋友比普通朋友对青少年未来的生活意义更重大。
( )8.What is the potential of close friendship in mid-adolescence compared with popularity
[A] People will have more confidence.
[B] People will have less self-worth.
[C] People will be more depressed.
[D] People will be more anxious.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段中倒数第一、第二句可知,受欢迎程度实际上产生了相反的负面影响,与受欢迎程度相比,青春期中期亲密友谊的潜力是会使人们更自信。故选A。
( )9.Why is the study reliable
[A] Because the researchers gathered the data when the subjects were quite young.
[B] Because the researchers collected the data when the subjects were mature.
[C] Because the researchers got the data from the subjects’ memory.
[D] Because the researchers obtained the data in real time.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The scientists weren’t...and
matured (成熟).”可知,研究可信的原因是研究人员实时获得数据。故选D。
( )10.What was the researchers most concerned about in terms of the subjects
[A] Their diet. [B] Their intelligence.
[C] Their social acceptance. [D] Their body shape.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Through interviews...to the release.”可知,就受试者而言,研究人员最关心的是他们的社会接受度。故选C。
( )11.What is the purpose of the last paragraph
[A] To oppose other people’s theories.
[B] To draw a conclusion and give advice.
[C] To present the methods of the research.
[D] To point out the limitations of the research.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,最后一段的目的是得出结论并给予建议。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每题1分,共15分)
Spanish class scared me in the freshman year.I knew little Spanish before starting the class,and I thought it would be 1 for me.However,
Mary,our honoured Spanish teacher,who was full of creativity,made her class fun from the beginning.I knew what to expect with a schedule for each week,but there was always some slight 2 .
Before the exam,Mary often asked us to 3 our lessons by ourselves.But I could remember one day she said,“This time,let’s play a game before going over what you’ve learnt.” The game was so interesting that we all 4 ourselves.After the exam,Mary gave us opportunities to make up for our 5 .After each error correction,she would check again.
She took things so 6 that she wouldn’t overlook any detail.No wonder she was 7 by us.
Mary was 8 and willing to help,within reason,on everything.
We could ask her questions at any time.She encouraged everyone to speak Spanish in class.Because of that,I was 9 enough,and then I could communicate with Spanish speakers outside of class.When she knew our problems,she would give advice.When someone was struggling,she would
10 .
Mary’s 11 teaching eventually transformed my 12 into fascination.She infused (灌输) foreign culture into lessons,using music and dance to 13 our language skills.Her personalised attention to each student’s needs fostered a(n) 14 environment.At the end of the term,
my Spanish improved,and my confidence soared.Mary left a lasting impact on my 15 for new challenges.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者在大学一年级时,由于几乎不懂西班牙语而对西班牙语课程感到害怕。然而,他们才华横溢且富有创意的西班牙语老师Mary用她的教学方法和对每个学生的个性化关注,使课堂变得有趣,并帮助作者克服了恐惧,提高了语言能力,并培养了作者面对新挑战的信心。
( )1.[A] exciting [B] easy
[C] boring [D] beneficial
C
【解析】 根据上文的“I knew little Spanish”可知,作者语言不通,感到上课无聊(boring)。故选C。
( )2.[A] variation [B] disturbance
[C] annoyance [D] inconvenience
A
【解析】 根据上文中的but可知,此处表示转折,说明此处表达的是虽然知道日程安排,但总是会有一些细微的变化(variation)。故选A。
( )3.[A] explain [B] describe
[C] prepare [D] review
D
【解析】 根据下文的“before going over what you’ve learnt”可知,老师让他们复习(review)功课。故选D。
( )4.[A] challenged [B] enjoyed
[C] trusted [D] developed
B
【解析】 根据上文可知,老师让学生们玩的游戏有趣,因此是他们玩得高兴。故选B。
( )5.[A] experience [B] time
[C] losses [D] mistakes
D
【解析】 根据下文的“After each error correction,she would check again.”可知,老师让学生纠错。故选D。
( )6.[A] seriously [B] roughly
[C] modestly [D] curiously
A
【解析】 根据下文的“she wouldn’t overlook any detail”可知,她不忽视细节,说明对待事情认真(seriously)。故选A。
( )7.[A] amused [B] respected
[C] judged [D] spotted
B
【解析】 根据上文的描述可知,Mary老师做事认真,被学生们尊重。故选B。
( )8.[A] understanding [B] humble
[C] athletic [D] courageous
A
【解析】 根据下文的“and willing to help,within reason,on everything”可知,Mary老师通情达理(understanding),愿意提供帮助。故选A。
( )9.[A] discouraged [B] suspected
[C] heartened [D] comforted
C
【解析】 根据上文的“She encouraged everyone to speak Spanish in class.”可知,作者是被老师所激励(heartened)。故选C。
( )10.[A] set out [B] reach out
[C] get out [D] make out
B
【解析】 根据上文的“willing to help”和“When she knew our problems,
she would give advice.”可知,Mary乐于助人,有人有困难,她愿意伸出援手(reach out)。故选B。
( )11.[A] passive [B] conventional
[C] voluntary [D] innovative
D
【解析】 根据上文的“However,Mary,our...of creativity”可知,Mary的教学是创新的(innovative)。故选D。
( )12.[A] fear [B] sorrow
[C] anger [D] confusion
A
【解析】 根据上文的“Spanish class scared me in the freshman year.”可知,作者一开始是对西班牙语课感到害怕(fear)。故选A。
( )13.[A] know [B] match
[C] enhance [D] assess
C
【解析】 根据下文的“our language skills”可知,把外国文化融入课程中,用音乐和舞蹈是为了提高(enhance)我们的语言技能。故选C。
( )14.[A] secure [B] supportive
[C] economic [D] competitive
B
【解析】 根据上文的“Her personalised attention to each student’s needs”可知,老师关注每一个学生,即支持学生、关注学生培养了一个良好的支持性(supportive)环境。故选B。
( )15.[A] pity [B] profit
[C] debate [D] desire
D
【解析】 根据上文的“At the end of the...confidence soared.”可知,作者自信增强了,所以渴望(desire)新挑战。故选D。
