Unit 8 A green world
单元话题完形填空练习
基础语篇巩固练
（23-24 八年级下·陕西西安·阶段练习）Dong Yonghong, a marathon (马拉松) runner, is 1
middle school geography teacher. Many years ago, 2 he was running a marathon along the Ulan Mulun
River, the local “mother river”, he noticed people throwing rubbish along the riverbank. He got the idea to let his
3 take part in the protection of the river.
Dong 4 up the rubbish whenever he saw it. He knew it’s important to get more people for river
protection. So he set up the Green School with Love and Care project 5 2011. 6 the project,
Dong has done nine field studies in Ordos covering thousands of kilometers. The number of members has reached
more than 5,000. The members have collected or recycled as 7 as 1.5 million plastic bottles, 300 tons
of waste paper and 20, 000 used batteries (电池)。
Dong takes 8 students to the river every weekend for rubbish pickup. Do you know 9
he often teaches his students geography Yeah, along the river. Isn’t it amazing It’s an outdoor geography
classroom.
“I hope that through my efforts, the students will know their hometown 10 than before and love
it more so that they will realize the importance of protecting the environment,” Dong said.
1．A．a B．an C．the D．/
2．A．if B．before C．after D．when
3．A．student B．students C．worker D．workers
4．A．picked B．picks C．is picking D．will pick
5．A．on B．at C．in D．along
6．A．Improve B．To improve C．Suffer D．To suffer
7．A．many B．much C．more D．most
8．A．he B．him C．his D．himself
9．A．when B．what C．where D．how
10．A．badly B．worse C．well D．better
（23-24 八年级下·安徽安庆·阶段练习）A thousand years ago, Hong Kong was covered by a thick forest.
As more and more people came to live in Hong Kong, these trees were cut down and burnt. Now there is 1
forest left, though there are still some small areas covered with trees. We call these woods.
Elephants, tigers and many 2 animals were living in the thick forest. When people came to live
in Hong Kong, the 3 began to die out. Early farmers grew rice and 4 pigs and chickens in
the valleys (山谷). They cut down the trees and burnt them. They needed 5 to keep themselves warm
in winter, to cook their food and to keep away the dangerous animals. Elephants quickly disappeared because
there was not enough food for them. 6 did most of the wolves and tigers. Monkeys and many other
animals soon 7 in the same way.
You might think that there are no longer any animals in Hong Kong 8 in the zoos. There are still
about 36 different animals 9 there. One of the most interesting animals of Hong Kong is the barking
deer (赤麂).These are beautiful little animals with a rich brown coat and a white patch (斑点) under the tail. They
look like deer but they are much like a barking dog. In Hong Kong the barking deer has only a real enemy (敌
人)—man. People hunt these little animals though it is illegal (违法的). There are now not many barking deer left.
So it is important for people to care 10 wild animals.
1．A．many B．a few C．no D．not
2．A．other B．others C．the other D．another
3．A．people B．animals C．plants D．things
4．A．grew B．made C．got D．kept
5．A．fire B．hotness C．heat D．stoves (炉子)
6．A．So B．Such C．As D．Nor
7．A．lived B．died C．came D．left
8．A．besides B．except C．and D．or
9．A．live B．to live C．lived D．living
10．A．of B．on C．for D．to
（2025 八年级下·全国·专题练习）Is the river water clean now Have you 1 drunk water
directly from a river I’m sure your answer is “No”. Perhaps you have tried the water from a well (水井) or from
a tap. 2 , as I know, most of you only drink water from a water boiler (锅炉) 3 the bottled
water bought from a shop nowadays.
But things were quite 4 many years ago. At that time, all the small rivers around us were very
clear and the water was very clean. If you were 5 , you could just take some water from the river with
your hands and drink directly. It was cool and sweet. In 6 , when it was hot, you could swim in the
rivers. How pleasant it was! But all that happened in the past. Things have 7 a lot over the years. There
is more and more waste in the world. The rivers are full of 8 kinds of wastes. Most of the river water
has become very dirty 9 the pollution. Some of the river water is not even clean enough for us to wash
our hands.
What a 10 ! I wonder when I could taste the clean river water again.
1．A．already B．just C．ever D．never
2．A．However B．Though C．Since D．Because
3．A．even B．or C．but D．so
4．A．same B．easy C．difficult D．different
5．A．thirsty B．hungry C．tired D．sleepy
6．A．spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter
7．A．turned B．got C．happened D．changed
8．A．either B．both C．all D．same
9．A．because B．because of C．instead D．instead of
10．A．matter B．fact C．luck D．pity
（23-24 八年级上·陕西西安·期中）阅读下面短文，理解大意，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，
使短文连贯完整。
Turn on the tap (水龙头) and the water comes out. Getting water is so 1 that you may think
water is endless. But it is not true. 70% of the earth is covered with water, but most of the water is salt water,
leaving only a small percent of 2 drinking water. Some 3 such as Italy, Spain and South
Africa even buy water from other countries.
Each person in the UK uses about 150 liters (升) of water a day. However, each person in some countries
4 uses 5-10 liters of water a day. We should help 5 water. Let’s have a look at what you can help:
Don’t leave the water running while brushing teeth. We brush our teeth twice a day and by turning the tap
off when we brush, we 6 save 5-10 liters of water.
Don’t use the toilet 7 a wastebasket. Every time you flush (冲) used paper, waste food or other
small bits of rubbish, 8 water is used.
Make use of 9 . Collect rainwater in buckets (桶) in your garden and use it to water your plants.
Reuse. Share bathwater with your family to reduce (减少) costs and water use. Why not try your best to
10 your shower time by 1 or 2 minutes
1．A．easy B．fun C．necessary D．important
2．A．cheap B．fresh C．rich D．main
3．A．towns B．cities C．villages D．countries
4．A．almost B．also C．only D．even
5．A．expect B．save C．lose D．appear
6．A．can B．need C．should D．must
7．A．for B．as C．of D．from
8．A．more B．less C．fewer D．worse
9．A．time B．talent C．role D．rain
10．A．cut off B．cut up C．cut down D．cut in
（22-23 八年级下·陕西西安·期末）Li Ming lives near the sea. He loves 1 to the beach to relax
when he is free.
It was a 2 day last Sunday. Li Ming decided to enjoy the sunshine and the sea, so he took his
things and went to the beach.
There were many 3 on the beach when he got there. Li Ming found a place and lay down. After
a while, Li Ming 4 something in the sand. He looked 5 and found it was a waste bottle.
Then, he saw a waste bag floating in the water. People threw away rubbish all over the beach!
Li Ming felt sad. He looked around and found there were only a few dustbins (垃圾箱) on the beach. Li
Ming decided to do something 6 . He began to collect the rubbish on the beach. Then he went home and
called some of his 7 . Li Ming and his friends made two big signs by 8 to ask people not to
throw away rubbish everywhere. Then they took the signs to the beach and 9 them up. That evening, Li
Ming wrote a letter to the local government and suggested putting more dustbins on the beach.
“Signs and dustbins are not the 10 important. The most important thing is that everyone should
take an action to protect the environment,” said Li Ming.
1．A．go B．goes C．going D．went
2．A．sun B．sunny C．rain D．rainy
3．A．people B．peoples C．child D．childs
4．A．see B．sees C．seeing D．saw
5．A．care B．careful C．carefully D．carelessly
6．A．help B．helps C．helpful D．helped
7．A．friend B．friends C．friendly D．unfriendly
8．A．they B．them C．their D．themselves
9．A．put B．puted C．putted D．putting
10．A．much B．many C．more D．most
（22-23 八年级下·江苏苏州·期末）Cars make our lives much easier. But they can also be a problem,
1 fossil fuel (化石燃料) cars. They have become a main 2 of air pollution.
To improve the environment, many countries are 3 electric vehicles (EVs, 电动车). Among
them is China. China has became the world’s largest EV market, according to the Wall Street Journal. In 2021
4 in China, more than twice as many as the number sold in the United States, Chinese drivers are already big
5 of EVs. Chinese auto companies, including BYD and BAIC, have been among the top in the world in EV
sales.
“Charging (充电) an electric car is 6 than filling up a fossil fuel car with gas,” said Wu Hao,
who bought an electric car from BAIC this year. 7 , there are still some problems. It can be hard to find
charging 8 . The cars can’t go far 9 needing to be charged again.
Some of these problems are being solved. Now China has the world’s largest EV charging network. There
are more than 2.6 million charging stations in total.
Developing EVs is one of the actions China has taken to protect the 10 . “As China goes, so Will
the world’s auto industry (产业),” the Wall Street Journal said.
1．A．especially B．exactly C．finally D．really
2．A．excuse B．cause C．matter D．event
3．A．designing B．describing C．developing D．depending
4．A．bought B．made C．produced D．sold
5．A．fans B．heroes C．members D．engineers
6．A．cheaper B．faster C．greater D．easier
7．A．Anyway B．Moreover C．Instead D．However
8．A．companies B．stations C．factories D．people
9．A．when B．till C．before D．as
10．A．wildlife B．nature C．humans D．environment
（22-23 八年级下·江苏南京·期末）Edgar McGregor is a 20-year-old climate activist. He spent 589 days
straight picking up litter 1 Eaton Canyon (峡谷). Eaton Canyon is a part of the Angeles National Forest
in southern California.
Edgar promised to pick up litter 2 by visitors while posting his progress on an online social
platform (平台). He has more than 17,000 followers now!
Edgar started this journey when he learned that Los Angeles would attend the Olympic Games in 2028. He
thought the litter would be a “national embarrassment” for the United States. He decided to start with cleaning
Eaton Canyon 3 he lives closest to it. There are many trails (小径) and waterfalls as well as homeless
encampments (营地).
Thanks to his work, Eaton Canyon is now free of 4 . Edgar said recently that there was no more
rubbish in the canyon. However, his work doesn’t end. He plans to go back to the canyon often to keep its clean
5 .
When asked about his 6 , Edgar said, “Whether it is hot or 7 , it doesn’t matter. I stayed
there for at least an hour every day, cleaning up the canyon.”
All of the recyclable things he picked up were sold and he gave away all the money. Edgar has donated the
money to organizations such as World Central Kitchen and some schools in Uganda.
He often 8 everyone to take action in cleaning up online. “If you think my work is inspiring, go
outside to clean up the planet and let me see it,” Edgar wrote on the online social platform. “It has nothing to do
with your abilities. It’s 9 something that everyone could do.”
10 don’t always wear capes (披风) like Superman. What can you do for the environment
1．A．from B．about C．with D．to
2．A．forgotten B．leaving C．left D．forgetting
3．A．since B．when C．so D．but
4．A．food B．waste C．water D．money
5．A．suggestion B．treatment C．condition D．achievement
6．A．interest B．life C．need D．experience
7．A．rainy B．late C．strange D．low
8．A．brings B．provides C．encourages D．refuses
9．A．ever B．still C．just D．even
10．A．Writers B．Thieves C．Fans D．Heroes
重难语篇拔高练
（22-23 八年级下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一
个最佳答案。
It only takes one person to make huge changes in a community. Margie Richard is one of these people. She
is a great Black environmental activist（活跃分子）. She has worked for many years to 1 her
hometown. She has also helped other Black communities fight against 2 pollution.
Even today, Black people are more likely than white people to live in neighborhoods with 3
levels of air pollution. These neighborhoods are 4 near factories that pollute the air. This pollution
causes people in these communities to get 5 . Richards fights against big companies that 6
these factories. She wants people in these communities to be able to breathe clean air and live 7 lives.
First, Richard spoke to scientists and environmentalists. She had to prove（证明）that the 8 was
polluting the air. After more than 13 years of hard work, Richard and others put together a report. This report
proved that the factory 9 2 million pounds of harmful chemicals into the air each year. Richard spoke
to the media（媒体）about the 10 of this air pollution. She convinced（使信服）many people 11
the country. They helped spread her message.
Finally, the oil company agreed to help people in Old Diamond. The company paid people money to move
away from the factory. It also worked to 12 its factories to be less harmful to the environment.
Margie Richard believes there is still a long way to go, 13 she continues to help other
communities fight against pollution from big companies. She wants to get her 14 out to the world. She
reminds people that 15 can change their community. They just have to speak up and take action！
1．A．find B．control C．improve D．organize
2．A．air B．land C．water D．noise
3．A．low B．new C．old D．high
4．A．never B．seldom C．once D．often
5．A．bad B．sick C．strong D．happy
6．A．run B．buy C．stop D．hurt
7．A．fuller B．slower C．faster D．healthier
8．A．factories B．companies C．communities D．neighborhoods
9．A．put off B．took off C．gave off D．cut off
10．A．goals B．dangers C．chances D．meanings
11．A．at B．for C．with D．across
12．A．move B．wish C．avoid D．change
13．A．unless B．so C．that D．although
14．A．pollution B．factories C．company D．idea
15．A．someone B．something C．anyone D．anything
（21-22 八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）Do you often use plastic straws (吸管) You probably use them to
1 lots of things, such as soybean milk (豆浆) , cola or milk tea. Plastic straws are small 2 they are
a big problem. They are made in 10 minutes, used in 20 3 and normally remain on the earth for over
100 years since they cannot be 4 easily.
But how do plastic straws get into the 5 Because of human mistakes, they are often thrown
away, left on beaches, or blown out of bins. The waste management (管 理 ) in some areas are so poor and
remember, all gutters (排水沟) lead to our ocean. 6 , plastic straws kill ocean life. Once a 7
was found bleeding because a 12-centimeter-long plastic straw was pushed into 8 nose. How terrible!
In fact, around 500 million plastic straws are used every day in the US alone. That is enough to circle
9 two-and-a-half times around our planet! If we don’t take action now, there will be 10 plastic in
the ocean than fish by 2050.
Luckily, more and more people around the world have realized this problem. They begin to think about
11 plastic straws are necessary or not when drinking drinks.
So what can we do right now to reduce plastic pollution The simplest way is to say “ 12 ” to
single-use plastic, like straws. For example, next time if you go to a restaurant, make sure you order your drink
without a straw. What if people need to use a straw There are reusable (可再用的) straws instead. These straws
can be used, 13 , and reused over and over again.
Coffee house chain Starbucks (星巴克) has started to 14 lids (盖子) without straws and paper
straws instead of plastic straws in almost 1000 stores in Shanghai and Shenzhen. Starbucks is not alone.
McDonald’s has 15 taken action to reduce the use of plastic straws. It is hoped that more businesses
and customers will work together to protect our environment.
1．A．drink B．eat C．tie D．make
2．A．so B．and C．or D．but
3．A．seconds B．minutes C．hours D．days
4．A．cut down B．written down C．broken down D．put down
5．A．earth B．air C．water D．ocean
6．A．For example B．Such as C．Even worse D．For one thing
7．A．camel B．monkey C．turtle D．giraffe
8．A．their B．its C．her D．his
9．A．closely B．nearly C．specially D．particularly
10．A．more B．fewer C．less D．better
11．A．whether B．if C．why D．what
12．A．hello B．sorry C．yes D．no
13．A．repaired B．burned C．picked D．cleaned
14．A．offer B．afford C．affect D．instruct
15．A．still B．also C．ever D．justUnit 8 A green world
单元话题完形填空练习
基础语篇巩固练
（23-24 八年级下·陕西西安·阶段练习）Dong Yonghong, a marathon (马拉松) runner, is 1
middle school geography teacher. Many years ago, 2 he was running a marathon along the Ulan Mulun
River, the local “mother river”, he noticed people throwing rubbish along the riverbank. He got the idea to let his
3 take part in the protection of the river.
Dong 4 up the rubbish whenever he saw it. He knew it’s important to get more people for river
protection. So he set up the Green School with Love and Care project 5 2011. 6 the project,
Dong has done nine field studies in Ordos covering thousands of kilometers. The number of members has reached
more than 5,000. The members have collected or recycled as 7 as 1.5 million plastic bottles, 300 tons
of waste paper and 20, 000 used batteries (电池)。
Dong takes 8 students to the river every weekend for rubbish pickup. Do you know 9
he often teaches his students geography Yeah, along the river. Isn’t it amazing It’s an outdoor geography
classroom.
“I hope that through my efforts, the students will know their hometown 10 than before and love
it more so that they will realize the importance of protecting the environment,” Dong said.
1．A．a B．an C．the D．/
2．A．if B．before C．after D．when
3．A．student B．students C．worker D．workers
4．A．picked B．picks C．is picking D．will pick
5．A．on B．at C．in D．along
6．A．Improve B．To improve C．Suffer D．To suffer
7．A．many B．much C．more D．most
8．A．he B．him C．his D．himself
9．A．when B．what C．where D．how
10．A．badly B．worse C．well D．better
【答案】
1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了马拉松选手董永红同时也是一名中学地理老师，他看到人们在 “母亲河” 河岸扔
垃圾后，产生了让学生参与保护河流的想法，并成立了相关项目，带领学生进行垃圾清理等活动，希望学
生能更了解并热爱家乡，意识到保护环境的重要性。
1．句意：董永红，一名马拉松选手，是一名中学地理老师。
a 一个，不定冠词，用于辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前；an 一个，不定冠词，用于元音音素开头的单数
可数名词前；the 这个、那个，表示特指；“/”表示零冠词。根据“Dong Yonghong, a marathon runner, is...middle
school geography teacher.”可知，句中“middle school geography teacher”是单数可数名词短语，且“middle”读
音以辅音音素开头，此处表示泛指“一名”，所以用“a”。故选 A。
2．句意：许多年前，当他沿着当地的“母亲河”乌兰木伦河跑马拉松时，他注意到人们在河岸扔垃圾。
if 如果；before 在……之前；after 在……之后；when 当……时候。根据“he was running a marathon along the
Ulan Mulun River, he noticed people throwing rubbish along the riverbank”可知，这里是说在跑马拉松这个动
作进行的过程中，他注意到了人们扔垃圾的行为，“when”引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”符合语境。
故选 D。
3．句意：他产生了让他的学生参与保护河流的想法。
student学生，单数；students学生，复数；worker工人，单数；workers工人，复数。根据下文“Dong takes...students
to the river every weekend for rubbish pickup.”可知，他是让“学生”参与，且根据常识学生不止一个，所以用
复数“students”。故选 B。
4．句意：董无论何时看到垃圾都会捡起来。
picked 捡拾，过去式；picks 捡拾，一般现在时第三人称单数形式；is picking 在捡拾，是现在进行时；will
pick 将要捡拾，是一般将来时。根据“Many years ago”以及全文时态可知，这里描述过去的事情，时态用一
般过去时，“pick up”表示“捡起”，“pick”的过去式是“picked”。故选 A。
5．句意：所以他在 2011 年设立了“爱心绿色学校”项目。
on 用于具体的某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上；at 用于具体的时刻前；in 用于年、月、季节等前；
along 沿着。根据“So he set up the Green School with Love and Care project...2011.”可知，此处指在 2011 年。
“2011”是年份，前面应该用介词“in”。故选 C。
6．句意：为了提高河流保护的意识，董在鄂尔多斯进行了九次实地考察，行程数千公里。
Improve 提高；To improve 是动词不定式形式，表目的；Suffer 遭受；To suffer 是动词不定式形式，意为“遭
受”。根据“He knew it’s important to get more people for river protection.”可知，他进行实地考察是“为了提高”
人们保护河流的意识，此处用动词不定式“To improve”表目的。故选 B。
7．句意：成员们已经收集或回收了多达 150 万个塑料瓶、300 吨废纸和 20000 个废旧电池。
many 许多，修饰可数名词复数；much 许多，修饰不可数名词；more 更多，是比较级；most 最多，是最
高级。根据“The members have collected or recycled as...as 1.5 million plastic bottles.”可知，句中“as...as”中间
用形容词或副词原级，“plastic bottles”是可数名词复数，“as many as”表示“多达”，修饰可数名词复数，所以
使用“many”。故选 A。
8．句意：董每个周末都带他的学生去河边捡垃圾。
he 他，主格；him 他，宾格；his 他的，形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词；himself 他自己，反身代词。
根据“Dong takes...students to the river every weekend for rubbish pickup.”可知，句中“students”是名词，前面
应该用形容词性物主代词修饰，“his”意为“他的”符合语境。“his students”指“他的学生”。故选 C。
9．句意：你知道他经常在哪里教他的学生地理吗？
when什么时候；what什么；where哪里；how怎样。根据“Do you know...he often teaches his students geography ”
及下文“Yeah, along the river.”可知，回答的是地点，所以这里问的应该是“在哪里”教学生地理，“where”符合
语境。故选 C。
10．句意：我希望通过我的努力，学生们能比以前更了解他们的家乡，更热爱它，这样他们就能意识到保
护环境的重要性。
badly 糟糕地；worse 更糟地，是比较级；well 好地；better 更好地，是比较级。根据“I hope that through my
efforts, the students will know their hometown...than before and love it more so that...”可知，句中“than before”
表明此处应该使用比较级，且根据“love it more”可知，是希望学生能比以前“更好地”了解家乡，此处使用
比较级“better”表示“更好的”符合语境。故选 D。
（23-24 八年级下·安徽安庆·阶段练习）A thousand years ago, Hong Kong was covered by a thick forest.
As more and more people came to live in Hong Kong, these trees were cut down and burnt. Now there is 1
forest left, though there are still some small areas covered with trees. We call these woods.
Elephants, tigers and many 2 animals were living in the thick forest. When people came to live
in Hong Kong, the 3 began to die out. Early farmers grew rice and 4 pigs and chickens in
the valleys (山谷). They cut down the trees and burnt them. They needed 5 to keep themselves warm
in winter, to cook their food and to keep away the dangerous animals. Elephants quickly disappeared because
there was not enough food for them. 6 did most of the wolves and tigers. Monkeys and many other
animals soon 7 in the same way.
You might think that there are no longer any animals in Hong Kong 8 in the zoos. There are still
about 36 different animals 9 there. One of the most interesting animals of Hong Kong is the barking
deer (赤麂).These are beautiful little animals with a rich brown coat and a white patch (斑点) under the tail. They
look like deer but they are much like a barking dog. In Hong Kong the barking deer has only a real enemy (敌
人)—man. People hunt these little animals though it is illegal (违法的). There are now not many barking deer left.
So it is important for people to care 10 wild animals.
1．A．many B．a few C．no D．not
2．A．other B．others C．the other D．another
3．A．people B．animals C．plants D．things
4．A．grew B．made C．got D．kept
5．A．fire B．hotness C．heat D．stoves (炉子)
6．A．So B．Such C．As D．Nor
7．A．lived B．died C．came D．left
8．A．besides B．except C．and D．or
9．A．live B．to live C．lived D．living
10．A．of B．on C．for D．to
【答案】
1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．B 9．D 10．C
【导语】本文讲的是香港一千年前的森林被砍伐，导致许多动物灭绝；并介绍了现在剩下的动物情况，特
别是关于赤麂的保护问题。
1．句意：现在几乎没有森林剩下，尽管仍有一些小区域覆盖着树木。
many 许多，修饰可数名词；a few 一些，修饰可数名词；no 没有，修饰不可数名词；not 否定词，需搭配
其他成分。根据“though there are still some small areas covered with trees”可知，森林几乎消失，但仍有零星
残留。forest 为不可数名词，故选 C。
2．句意：大象、老虎和许多其他动物曾生活在茂密的森林中。
other 其他，修饰复数名词；others 其他的人或物；the other 两者中的另一个；another 另一个。根据“many...
animals”可知，此处需用 other 饰复数名词，表示“其他动物”。故选 A。
3．句意：当人们来到香港生活时，动物开始灭绝。
people 人；animals 动物；plants 植物；things 事物。根据前文提到“Elephants, tigers and many other animals
were living in the thick forest.”可知，此处主语为动物。故选 B。
4．句意：早期农民在山谷种植水稻并饲养猪和鸡。
grew 种植；made 制造；got 获得；kept 饲养。根据“pigs and chickens”可知，此处需搭配表示“饲养”的动词，
故选 D。
5．句意：他们需要火来取暖、烹饪食物和驱赶危险动物。
fire 火；hotness 热度；heat 热量；stoves 炉子。根据“burnt them”及“to keep themselves warm in winter, to cook
their food and to keep away the dangerous animals.”可知，需用火来做这些事，故选 A。
6．句意：狼和老虎也几乎灭绝了。
So 因此，表结果；Such 如此；As 由于；Nor 也不。根据“Elephants quickly disappeared...did most of the wolves
and tigers.”可知，此处用“so do sb”倒装结构表示“同样情况”，故选 A。
7．句意：猴子和其他动物也以同样的方式很快死亡。
lived 生存；died 死亡；came 来；left 离开。根据“die out”及“in the same way”，其他动物也是这样死掉的，
故选 B。
8．句意：你可能会认为，除了动物园，香港已没有动物。
besides 除了，包括在内；except 除了，排除在外；and 和；or 或。根据“no longer any animals... except in the
zoos”可知，此处表示排除动物园，故选 B。
9．句意：仍有约 36 种动物生活在这里。
live 原形；to live 不定式；lived 过去式；living 动名词或现在分词。根据“there are... animals... there”可知，
此处需用现在分词作后置定语，表示“生活在这里”。故选 D。
10．句意：保护野生动物对人类很重要。
of……的；on 在……上面；for 为了；to 向。根据“wild animals”可知，此处说的是保护野生动物，“care for
关心、保护”，固定词组。故选 C。
（2025 八年级下·全国·专题练习）Is the river water clean now Have you 1 drunk water
directly from a river I’m sure your answer is “No”. Perhaps you have tried the water from a well (水井) or from
a tap. 2 , as I know, most of you only drink water from a water boiler (锅炉) 3 the bottled
water bought from a shop nowadays.
But things were quite 4 many years ago. At that time, all the small rivers around us were very
clear and the water was very clean. If you were 5 , you could just take some water from the river with
your hands and drink directly. It was cool and sweet. In 6 , when it was hot, you could swim in the
rivers. How pleasant it was! But all that happened in the past. Things have 7 a lot over the years. There
is more and more waste in the world. The rivers are full of 8 kinds of wastes. Most of the river water
has become very dirty 9 the pollution. Some of the river water is not even clean enough for us to wash
our hands.
What a 10 ! I wonder when I could taste the clean river water again.
1．A．already B．just C．ever D．never
2．A．However B．Though C．Since D．Because
3．A．even B．or C．but D．so
4．A．same B．easy C．difficult D．different
5．A．thirsty B．hungry C．tired D．sleepy
6．A．spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter
7．A．turned B．got C．happened D．changed
8．A．either B．both C．all D．same
9．A．because B．because of C．instead D．instead of
10．A．matter B．fact C．luck D．pity
【答案】
1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．D
【导语】本文作者通过饮水谈论水质的变化，以前的河水清澈、干净，可以直接喝，还可以游泳；而现在
因为污染，河水变得很脏。
1．句意：你曾经直接从河里喝水吗？
already 已经；just 只是；ever 曾经；never 从不。根据“Have you…drunk water directly from a river ”可知，
此处询问“是否曾经直接从河里喝水”。故选 C。
2．句意：然而，据我所知，你们大多数人现在只喝烧水壶里的水或从商店买的瓶装水。
However 然而；Though 尽管；Since 自从；Because 因为。根据上文“Perhaps you have tried the water from a
well or from a tap.”及空后“most of you only drink water from a water boiler…the bottled water bought from a
shop nowadays”可知，前后句之间是转折关系，且空后有逗号，此处应用 However。故选 A。
3．句意：然而，据我所知，你们大多数人现在只喝烧水壶里的水或从商店买的瓶装水。
even 甚至；or 或者；but 但是；so 因此。根据空前“water from a water boiler”和空后“the bottled water bought
from a shop”可知，此处表示选择关系。故选 B。
4．句意：但许多年前的情况大不相同。
same 相同的；easy 容易的；difficult 困难的；different 不同的。根据下文“At that time, all the small rivers around
us were very clear and the water was very clean.”可知，许多年前的情况大不相同。故选 D。
5．句意：如果你渴了，你可以用手从河里取些水直接喝。
thirsty 渴的；hungry 饥饿的；tired 疲惫的；sleepy 困倦的。根据“you could just take some water from the river
with your hands and drink directly”可知，此处表示喝水，应是口渴了。故选 A。
6．句意：在夏天，天气热的时候，你可以在河里游泳。
spring 春天；summer 夏天；autumn 秋天；winter 冬天。根据“when it was hot, you could swim in the rivers”
可知，夏天可以在河里洗澡。故选 B。
7．句意：这些年来，情况发生了很大变化。
turned 使转动；got 得到；happened 发生；changed 变化。根据上文“But all that happened in the past.”并结合
选项可知，现在的情况发生了很大变化。故选 D。
8．句意：河里充满了各种各样的废物。
either (两者之中)任意一个；both 两者都；all 所有，全部；same 相同的。all kinds of“各种各样的”，是固定
词组。故选 C。
9．句意：由于污染，大部分河水变得很脏。
because 因为，后接句子；because of 因为，后面可以接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式；instead 代替，副词；
instead of 代替，介词短语。根据“Most of the river water has become very dirty…the pollution.”可知，此处表
示原因，空后的“pollution”为名词，应用 because of。故选 B。
10．句意：多可惜啊！
matter 事情；fact 事实；luck 运气；pity 遗憾。根据上文讲述的河水受到污染可知，此处应是表示遗憾。故
选 D。
（23-24 八年级上·陕西西安·期中）阅读下面短文，理解大意，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，
使短文连贯完整。
Turn on the tap (水龙头) and the water comes out. Getting water is so 1 that you may think
water is endless. But it is not true. 70% of the earth is covered with water, but most of the water is salt water,
leaving only a small percent of 2 drinking water. Some 3 such as Italy, Spain and South
Africa even buy water from other countries.
Each person in the UK uses about 150 liters (升) of water a day. However, each person in some countries
4 uses 5-10 liters of water a day. We should help 5 water. Let’s have a look at what you can help:
Don’t leave the water running while brushing teeth. We brush our teeth twice a day and by turning the tap
off when we brush, we 6 save 5-10 liters of water.
Don’t use the toilet 7 a wastebasket. Every time you flush (冲) used paper, waste food or other
small bits of rubbish, 8 water is used.
Make use of 9 . Collect rainwater in buckets (桶) in your garden and use it to water your plants.
Reuse. Share bathwater with your family to reduce (减少) costs and water use. Why not try your best to
10 your shower time by 1 or 2 minutes
1．A．easy B．fun C．necessary D．important
2．A．cheap B．fresh C．rich D．main
3．A．towns B．cities C．villages D．countries
4．A．almost B．also C．only D．even
5．A．expect B．save C．lose D．appear
6．A．can B．need C．should D．must
7．A．for B．as C．of D．from
8．A．more B．less C．fewer D．worse
9．A．time B．talent C．role D．rain
10．A．cut off B．cut up C．cut down D．cut in
【答案】
1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．C
【导语】本文讲述的是全世界的水资源是非常短缺的，很多国家每天每个人的用水量非常的少，还有的国
家需要从别的国家买水。因此我们需要节约用水，短文中给我们介绍了日常生活中节约用水的一些方法。
1．句意：取水是如此容易，以至于你可能认为水是无穷无尽的。
easy 容易的；fun 有趣的；necessary 必要的；important 重要的。根据“Turn on the tap (水龙头) and the water
comes out.”可知，打开水龙头，水就出来了，所以获取水是很容易的。故选 A。
2．句意：地球的 70%被水覆盖，但大部分的水是盐水，只留下一小部分的淡水。
cheap 便宜的；fresh 淡水的；rich 富裕的；main 主要的。根据“But it is not true. 70% of the earth is covered
with water, but most of the water is salt water, leaving only a small percent of…drinking water.”可知，此处说的
是小部分的淡水。故选 B。
3．句意：一些国家如意大利、西班牙和南非甚至从其他国家购买水。
towns 镇；cities 城市；villages 村庄；countries 国家。根据“Italy, Spain and South Africa”可知，这都是一些
国家。故选 D。
4．句意：然而，一些国家的每个人每天只使用 5—10 升水。
almost 几乎；also 也；only 只有；even 甚至。根据“5-10 liters of water a day”可知，这里强调每个人每天的
用水量很少，应该用 only。故选 C。
5．句意：我们应该帮助节约用水。
expect 期待；save 节约；lose 失去；appear 出现。根据“We should help…water.”以及上文可知，此处说的是
应该节约用水。故选 B。
6．句意：我们每天刷牙两次，刷牙时关掉水龙头，我们可以节约 5—10 升水。
can 可以；need 需要；should 应该；must 必须。根据“We brush our teeth twice a day and by turning the tap off
when we brush, we…save 5-10 liters of water.”可知，此处说的是可以节约 5—10 升水。故选 A。
7．句意：不要把马桶当成废纸篓。
for 为了；as 作为；of……的；from 来自。use…as 意为“把……当作”，固定用法。故选 B。
8．句意：每次你冲废纸、废弃食物或其他小垃圾时，都会消耗更多的水。
more 更多；less 更少；fewer 较少的；worse 更糟糕的。根据“Every time you flush (冲) used paper, waste food
or other small bits of rubbish”可知，冲洗这些垃圾会用掉更多的水。故选 A。
9．句意：利用雨水。
time 时间；talent 天赋；role 角色；rain 雨水。根据“Collect rainwater in buckets (桶) in your garden and use it
to water your plants.”可知，这个建议是收集雨水。故选 D。
10．句意：为什么不尽力减少 1 到 2 分钟的淋浴时间呢？
cut off 切断；cut up 切碎；cut down 减少；cut in 插嘴。根据“Why not try your best to…your shower time by 1
or 2 minutes ”可知，文章主要讲述了是节约用水，因此此处说的是减少淋浴时间。故选 C。
（22-23 八年级下·陕西西安·期末）Li Ming lives near the sea. He loves 1 to the beach to relax
when he is free.
It was a 2 day last Sunday. Li Ming decided to enjoy the sunshine and the sea, so he took his
things and went to the beach.
There were many 3 on the beach when he got there. Li Ming found a place and lay down. After
a while, Li Ming 4 something in the sand. He looked 5 and found it was a waste bottle.
Then, he saw a waste bag floating in the water. People threw away rubbish all over the beach!
Li Ming felt sad. He looked around and found there were only a few dustbins (垃圾箱) on the beach. Li
Ming decided to do something 6 . He began to collect the rubbish on the beach. Then he went home and
called some of his 7 . Li Ming and his friends made two big signs by 8 to ask people not to
throw away rubbish everywhere. Then they took the signs to the beach and 9 them up. That evening, Li
Ming wrote a letter to the local government and suggested putting more dustbins on the beach.
“Signs and dustbins are not the 10 important. The most important thing is that everyone should
take an action to protect the environment,” said Li Ming.
1．A．go B．goes C．going D．went
2．A．sun B．sunny C．rain D．rainy
3．A．people B．peoples C．child D．childs
4．A．see B．sees C．seeing D．saw
5．A．care B．careful C．carefully D．carelessly
6．A．help B．helps C．helpful D．helped
7．A．friend B．friends C．friendly D．unfriendly
8．A．they B．them C．their D．themselves
9．A．put B．puted C．putted D．putting
10．A．much B．many C．more D．most
【答案】
1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．D
【导语】本文讲述了李明在海滩上发现大量垃圾，并决定采取行动保护环境，包括收集垃圾、制作标语牌
呼吁大家不乱扔垃圾，并建议政府增设更多垃圾箱。
1．句意：当他有空的时候，他喜欢去海滩放松。
go 去，动词原形；goes 动词第三人称单数形式；going 动名词；went 过去式。根据 enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做
某事”可知，此处应用动名词 going。故选 C。
2．句意：上星期天是个晴天。
sun 太阳，名词；sunny 晴朗的，形容词；rain 雨，名词；rainy 多雨的，形容词。根据下文“enjoy the sunshine”
可知，上周天应是个晴天，应用形容词 sunny 作定语，修饰名词 day。故选 B。
3．句意：当他到达那里时，海滩上有很多人。
people 人，复数名词；peoples 民族，复数名词；child 孩子，单数名词；childs 错误单词。根据“There were
many...on the beach”可知，many 后接复数名词，且此处指海滩上有很多人，人包括孩子和不同的民族。故
选 A。
4．句意：过了一会儿，李明看到沙子里有东西。
see 看见，动词原形；sees 动词第三人称单数形式；seeing 动名词；saw 过去式。本文主体时态为一般过去
时，讲述过去发生的事情，谓语动词应用过去式。故选 D。
5．句意：他仔细一看，发现那是一个废瓶子。
care 关心，动词/名词；careful 仔细的，形容词；carefully 仔细地，副词；carelessly 粗心地，副词。根据“He
looked...and found it was a waste bottle.”可知，此处指他仔细看后才发现那是个废瓶子，应用副词 carefully
修饰动词 looked。故选 C。
6．句意：李明决定做一些有帮助的事情。
help 帮助，动词；helps 动词第三人称单数形式；helpful 有帮助的，形容词；helped 过去式。此处应用形容
词 helpful 作后置定语，修饰不定代词 something，意为“一些有用的事情”。故选 C。
7．句意：然后他回到家，打电话给他的一些朋友。
friend 朋友，单数名词；friends 复数名词；friendly 友好的，形容词；unfriendly 不友好的，形容词。some
of 后接复数名词，意为“一些”。故选 B。
8．句意：李明和他的朋友们自己做了两个大标牌，要求人们不要到处乱扔垃圾。
they 他们，人称代词；them 他们，人称代词；their 他们的，物主代词；themselves 他们自己，反身代词。
by oneself“独自”，为固定搭配。故选 D。
9．句意：然后他们把标牌拿到海滩上挂了起来。
put 和 up 构成短语，意为“搭起”，put 为动词原形/过去式；puted 错误单词；putted 错误单词；putting 动名
词。根据“and”可知，此处应用过去式 put，与“took”并列。故选 A。
10．句意：标牌和垃圾箱不是最重要的。
much 许多；many 许多；more 更；most 最。空前有定冠词 the，此处应是形容词的最高级 most important“最
重要的”。故选 D。
（22-23 八年级下·江苏苏州·期末）Cars make our lives much easier. But they can also be a problem,
1 fossil fuel (化石燃料) cars. They have become a main 2 of air pollution.
To improve the environment, many countries are 3 electric vehicles (EVs, 电动车). Among
them is China. China has became the world’s largest EV market, according to the Wall Street Journal. In 2021
4 in China, more than twice as many as the number sold in the United States, Chinese drivers are already big
5 of EVs. Chinese auto companies, including BYD and BAIC, have been among the top in the world in EV
sales.
“Charging (充电) an electric car is 6 than filling up a fossil fuel car with gas,” said Wu Hao,
who bought an electric car from BAIC this year. 7 , there are still some problems. It can be hard to find
charging 8 . The cars can’t go far 9 needing to be charged again.
Some of these problems are being solved. Now China has the world’s largest EV charging network. There
are more than 2.6 million charging stations in total.
Developing EVs is one of the actions China has taken to protect the 10 . “As China goes, so Will
the world’s auto industry (产业),” the Wall Street Journal said.
1．A．especially B．exactly C．finally D．really
2．A．excuse B．cause C．matter D．event
3．A．designing B．describing C．developing D．depending
4．A．bought B．made C．produced D．sold
5．A．fans B．heroes C．members D．engineers
6．A．cheaper B．faster C．greater D．easier
7．A．Anyway B．Moreover C．Instead D．However
8．A．companies B．stations C．factories D．people
9．A．when B．till C．before D．as
10．A．wildlife B．nature C．humans D．environment
【答案】
1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了电动汽车在中国的发展。
1．句意：但是它们也是一个问题，尤其是化石燃料汽车。
especially 尤其，特别；exactly 精确地；finally 最后； really 真正地。根据“But they can also be a problem,…
fossil fuel (化石燃料) cars.”，结合语境和选项可知，此处应该填入 especially，副词，修饰 fossil fuel (化石
燃料) cars，意为“尤其，特别”。故选 A。
2．句意：它们已经成为空气污染的主要原因。
excuse 借口；cause 原因；matter 问题，事情；event 事件。根据“They have become a main…of air pollution.”，
结合语境和选项可知，此处应该指的是空气污染的主要原因，cause“原因”，名词。故选 B。
3．句意：为了改善环境，许多国家正在开发电动汽车(EVs，电动车)。
designing 设计；describing 描写；developing 发展，开发；depending 依靠。根据“To improve the environment,
many countries are…electric vehicles (EVs, 电动车).”，结合语境和选项可知，此处应该表达为了改善环境，
许多国家正在开发电动汽车，develop“开发”，动词。故选 C。
4．句意：2021 年在中国销售的数量是美国的两倍多，中国司机已经是电动汽车的忠实粉丝。
bought 买；made 制作；produced 生产；sold 出售。根据“more than twice as many as the number sold in the
United States”，结合选项可知，此处应该指的是销量，sold“出售”。故选 D。
5．句意：2021 年在中国销售的数量是美国的两倍多，中国司机已经是电动汽车的忠实粉丝。
fans 粉丝；heroes 英雄；members 成员；engineers 工程师。根据后文“Chinese auto companies, including BYD
and BAIC, have been among the top in the world in EV sales.”，结合选项可知，此处应该表达中国司机已经是
电动汽车的忠实粉丝，fans“粉丝”，可数名词复数。故选 A。
6．句意：今年从 BAIC 购买了一辆电动汽车的吴浩说：“给电动汽车充电比给化石燃料汽车加油便宜”。
cheaper 更便宜的；faster 更快的；greater 更好的；easier 更容易的。根据““Charging (充电) an electric car is…
than filling up a fossil fuel car with gas”，结合语境和选项可知，此处应该填入 cheaper“更便宜的”，形容词
cheap 的比较级。故选 A。
7．句意：然而，仍然存在一些问题。
Anyway 无论如何；Moreover 此外；Instead 而不是；However 然而。根据“there are still some problems.”和
前文语境可知，此处表转折关系，结合选项可知，此处填入 However，转折连词，意为“然而”符合语境。
故选 D。
8．句意：很难找到充电站。
companies 公司；stations 站；factories 工厂；people 人们。根据“It can be hard to find charging…”，结合选项
可知，此处应该指的是充电站，station“站”，名词。故选 B。
9．句意：在需要再次充电之前，汽车走不了多远。
when 当……时；till 直到……为止；before 在……之前；as 正如，当……时。根据“The cars can’t go far…needing
to be charged again.”，结合选项可知，此处应该表达在需要再次充电之前，汽车走不了多远。故选 C。
10．句意：发展电动汽车是中国为保护环境采取的行动之一。
wildlife 野生生物；nature 自然，本性；humans 人类；environment 环境。根据前文“To improve the environment,
many countries are developing electric vehicles (EVs, 电动车).”，结合选项可知，此处应该表达发展电动汽车
是中国为保护环境采取的行动之一。故选 D。
（22-23 八年级下·江苏南京·期末）Edgar McGregor is a 20-year-old climate activist. He spent 589 days
straight picking up litter 1 Eaton Canyon (峡谷). Eaton Canyon is a part of the Angeles National Forest
in southern California.
Edgar promised to pick up litter 2 by visitors while posting his progress on an online social
platform (平台). He has more than 17,000 followers now!
Edgar started this journey when he learned that Los Angeles would attend the Olympic Games in 2028. He
thought the litter would be a “national embarrassment” for the United States. He decided to start with cleaning
Eaton Canyon 3 he lives closest to it. There are many trails (小径) and waterfalls as well as homeless
encampments (营地).
Thanks to his work, Eaton Canyon is now free of 4 . Edgar said recently that there was no more
rubbish in the canyon. However, his work doesn’t end. He plans to go back to the canyon often to keep its clean
5 .
When asked about his 6 , Edgar said, “Whether it is hot or 7 , it doesn’t matter. I stayed
there for at least an hour every day, cleaning up the canyon.”
All of the recyclable things he picked up were sold and he gave away all the money. Edgar has donated the
money to organizations such as World Central Kitchen and some schools in Uganda.
He often 8 everyone to take action in cleaning up online. “If you think my work is inspiring, go
outside to clean up the planet and let me see it,” Edgar wrote on the online social platform. “It has nothing to do
with your abilities. It’s 9 something that everyone could do.”
10 don’t always wear capes (披风) like Superman. What can you do for the environment
1．A．from B．about C．with D．to
2．A．forgotten B．leaving C．left D．forgetting
3．A．since B．when C．so D．but
4．A．food B．waste C．water D．money
5．A．suggestion B．treatment C．condition D．achievement
6．A．interest B．life C．need D．experience
7．A．rainy B．late C．strange D．low
8．A．brings B．provides C．encourages D．refuses
9．A．ever B．still C．just D．even
10．A．Writers B．Thieves C．Fans D．Heroes
【答案】
1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．D
【导语】本文主要讲 Edgar McGregor 是一名气候活动家，他花了 589 天在伊顿峡谷捡垃圾，让峡谷的环境
变得更美好。
1．句意：他花了 589 天从伊顿峡谷捡垃圾。
from 从；about 关于；with 和；to 朝，向。根据“picking up litter…Eaton Canyon”可知，是从伊顿峡谷捡垃
圾。故选 A。
2．句意：Edgar 承诺会捡起游客留下的垃圾，并在一个在线社交平台上发布自己的进展。
forgotten 忘记；leaving 离开；left 遗留；forgetting 忘记。根据“Edgar promised to pick up litter…by visitors
while posting his progress on an online social platform”可知，指游客留下的垃圾，应用过去分词作定语。故选
C。
3．句意：他决定从清理伊顿峡谷开始，因为他住得离那里最近。
since 因为；when 当……时候；so 所以；but 但是。根据“He decided to start with cleaning Eaton Canyon…he
lives closest to it”可知，此处表原因，应用 since 引导原因状语从句。故选 A。
4．句意：多亏了他的工作，伊顿峡谷现在没有了垃圾。
food 食物；waste 垃圾，废弃物；water 水；money 金钱。根据“Edgar said recently that there was no more rubbish
in the canyon”可知，伊顿峡谷现在没有垃圾了。故选 B。
5．句意：他计划经常回到峡谷以保持它的清洁状态。
suggestion 建议；treatment 治疗；condition 状态；achievement 成就。根据“He plans to go back to the canyon
often to keep its clean…”可知，他打算经常回这个峡谷，让它保持干净的状态。故选 C。
6．句意：当被问及他的经历时，埃德加说：“无论是炎热还是下雨，都没关系。我每天至少在那里待一个
小时，清理峡谷。”
interest 兴趣；life 生活；need 需求；experience 经历。根据“I stayed there for at least an hour every day, cleaning
up the canyon”可知，Edgar 谈论的是他捡垃圾的经历。故选 D。
7．句意：当被问及他的经历时，埃德加说：“无论是炎热还是下雨，都没关系。我每天至少在那里待一个
小时，清理峡谷。”
rainy 下雨的；late 迟的；strange 奇怪的；low 低的。根据“Whether it is hot or…”可知，无论天气炎热还是
下雨他都会去。故选 A。
8．句意：他经常鼓励每个人在网上采取行动清理。
brings 带来；provides 提供；encourages 鼓励；refuses 拒绝。根据“It has nothing to do with your abilities. It’s…
something that everyone could do”可知，Edgar 在网上号召人们行动起来，清理垃圾。encourage sb. to do sth.
“鼓励某人做某事”，固定短语。故选 C。
9．句意：“这与你的能力无关。这是每个人都可以做的事情。”
ever 曾经；still 仍然；just 正好，只是；even 甚至。根据“It has nothing to do with your abilities”可知，此处
指这与能力无关，这只是每个人都能做的事情。故选 C。
10．句意：英雄并不总是像超人那样披着斗篷。
Writers 作家；Thieves 贼；Fans 粉丝；Heroes 英雄。根据“wear capes (披风) like Superman”可知，超人属于
英雄。故 Heroes 符合语境。故选 D。
重难语篇拔高练
（22-23 八年级下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一
个最佳答案。
It only takes one person to make huge changes in a community. Margie Richard is one of these people. She
is a great Black environmental activist（活跃分子）. She has worked for many years to 1 her
hometown. She has also helped other Black communities fight against 2 pollution.
Even today, Black people are more likely than white people to live in neighborhoods with 3
levels of air pollution. These neighborhoods are 4 near factories that pollute the air. This pollution
causes people in these communities to get 5 . Richards fights against big companies that 6
these factories. She wants people in these communities to be able to breathe clean air and live 7 lives.
First, Richard spoke to scientists and environmentalists. She had to prove（证明）that the 8 was
polluting the air. After more than 13 years of hard work, Richard and others put together a report. This report
proved that the factory 9 2 million pounds of harmful chemicals into the air each year. Richard spoke
to the media（媒体）about the 10 of this air pollution. She convinced（使信服）many people 11
the country. They helped spread her message.
Finally, the oil company agreed to help people in Old Diamond. The company paid people money to move
away from the factory. It also worked to 12 its factories to be less harmful to the environment.
Margie Richard believes there is still a long way to go, 13 she continues to help other
communities fight against pollution from big companies. She wants to get her 14 out to the world. She
reminds people that 15 can change their community. They just have to speak up and take action！
1．A．find B．control C．improve D．organize
2．A．air B．land C．water D．noise
3．A．low B．new C．old D．high
4．A．never B．seldom C．once D．often
5．A．bad B．sick C．strong D．happy
6．A．run B．buy C．stop D．hurt
7．A．fuller B．slower C．faster D．healthier
8．A．factories B．companies C．communities D．neighborhoods
9．A．put off B．took off C．gave off D．cut off
10．A．goals B．dangers C．chances D．meanings
11．A．at B．for C．with D．across
12．A．move B．wish C．avoid D．change
13．A．unless B．so C．that D．although
14．A．pollution B．factories C．company D．idea
15．A．someone B．something C．anyone D．anything
【答案】
1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．
D 13．B 14．D 15．C
【导语】本文介绍了理查德为抗击工厂对空气污染做出的斗争，并呼吁任何人都要把污染问题说出来并采
取行动。
1．句意：她多年来一直在努力改善她的家乡。
find 发现；control 控制；improve 改善；organize 组织。根据“It only takes one person to make huge changes in
a community. Margie Richard is one of these people.”可知，她多年来都在改善她的家乡，故选 C。
2．句意：她还帮助其他黑人社区对抗空气污染。
air 空气；land 土地；water 水；noise 噪音。根据“near factories that pollute the air”可知，此处是说空气污染，
故选 A。
3．句意：即使在今天，黑人比白人更有可能生活在空气污染严重的社区。
low 低的；new 新的；old 老的；high 高的。根据“These neighborhoods are...near factories that pollute the air.”
可知，黑人住在空气污染更高的地区，故选 D。
4．句意：这些社区通常靠近污染空气的工厂。
never 从不；seldom 很少；once 曾经；often 经常。根据“Black people are more likely than white people to live
in neighborhoods with...levels of air pollution.”可知，这里说的是这些社区通常靠近污染空气的工厂，故选 D。
5．句意：这种污染导致这些社区的人们生病。
bad 坏的；sick 生病的；strong 强壮的；happy 开心的。结合常识可知，空气污染严重会对人们的健康有害，
人们生活在那里会生病，故选 B。
6．句意：理查德反对经营这些工厂的大公司。
run 经营；buy 买；stop 停止；hurt 伤害。根据“big companies that...these factories”可知，此处指的是公司经
营工厂，故选 A。
7．句意：她希望这些社区的人们能够呼吸到干净的空气，过上更健康的生活。
fuller 更满的；slower 更慢的；faster 更快的；healthier 更健康的。根据“This pollution causes people in these
communities to get...”以及“She wants people in these communities to be able to breathe clean air”可知，这里是
说想让社区的人们生活的更加健康，故选 D。
8．句意：她必须证明工厂污染了空气。
factories 工厂；companies 公司；communities 社区；neighborhoods 街坊。根据“near factories that pollute the
air”可知，是工厂污染了空气，故选 A。
9．句意：这份报告证明这家工厂每年向空气中排放 200 万磅有害化学物质。
put off 推迟；took off 脱下；gave off 排放；cut off 切断。根据“2 million pounds of harmful chemicals into the
air”可知，此处指的是工厂排放有害气体，故选 C。
10．句意：理查德对媒体谈到了这种空气污染的危害。
goals 目标；dangers 危险；chances 改变；meanings 意义。根据“Richard spoke to the media (媒体) about the...of
this air pollution.”可知，此处指的是向媒体说明了空气污染的危害，故选 B。
11．句意：她说服了全国许多人。
at 在……点钟；for 为了；with 和……一起；across 遍及。across the country“全国”，是固定短语，故选 D。
12．句意：它还努力改变其工厂，减少对环境的危害。
move 移动；wish 希望；avoid 避免；change 改变。根据“It also worked to...its factories to be less harmful to the
environment.”可知，此处指的是改变工厂对环境的污染，故选 D。
13．句意：玛吉·理查德认为，还有很长的路要走，所以她继续帮助其他社区对抗大公司造成的污染。
unless 除非；so 所以；that 那个；although 虽然。空格前后是因果关系，前因后果，用 so 连接，故选 B。
14．句意：她想把她的想法传达给全世界。
pollution 污染；factories 工厂；company 公司；idea 想法。根据“She reminds people that...can change their
community. They just have to speak up and take action!”可知，此处指的是让她的想法传到世界各地，故选 D。
15．句意：她提醒人们，任何人都可以改变他们的社区。
someone 有人；something 一些事；anyone 任何人；anything 任何事。根据“It only takes one person to make
huge changes in a community.”可知，任何人都可以改变他们的社区，故选 C。
（21-22 八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）Do you often use plastic straws (吸管) You probably use them to
1 lots of things, such as soybean milk (豆浆) , cola or milk tea. Plastic straws are small 2 they are
a big problem. They are made in 10 minutes, used in 20 3 and normally remain on the earth for over
100 years since they cannot be 4 easily.
But how do plastic straws get into the 5 Because of human mistakes, they are often thrown
away, left on beaches, or blown out of bins. The waste management (管 理 ) in some areas are so poor and
remember, all gutters (排水沟) lead to our ocean. 6 , plastic straws kill ocean life. Once a 7
was found bleeding because a 12-centimeter-long plastic straw was pushed into 8 nose. How terrible!
In fact, around 500 million plastic straws are used every day in the US alone. That is enough to circle
9 two-and-a-half times around our planet! If we don’t take action now, there will be 10 plastic in
the ocean than fish by 2050.
Luckily, more and more people around the world have realized this problem. They begin to think about
11 plastic straws are necessary or not when drinking drinks.
So what can we do right now to reduce plastic pollution The simplest way is to say “ 12 ” to
single-use plastic, like straws. For example, next time if you go to a restaurant, make sure you order your drink
without a straw. What if people need to use a straw There are reusable (可再用的) straws instead. These straws
can be used, 13 , and reused over and over again.
Coffee house chain Starbucks (星巴克) has started to 14 lids (盖子) without straws and paper
straws instead of plastic straws in almost 1000 stores in Shanghai and Shenzhen. Starbucks is not alone.
McDonald’s has 15 taken action to reduce the use of plastic straws. It is hoped that more businesses
and customers will work together to protect our environment.
1．A．drink B．eat C．tie D．make
2．A．so B．and C．or D．but
3．A．seconds B．minutes C．hours D．days
4．A．cut down B．written down C．broken down D．put down
5．A．earth B．air C．water D．ocean
6．A．For example B．Such as C．Even worse D．For one thing
7．A．camel B．monkey C．turtle D．giraffe
8．A．their B．its C．her D．his
9．A．closely B．nearly C．specially D．particularly
10．A．more B．fewer C．less D．better
11．A．whether B．if C．why D．what
12．A．hello B．sorry C．yes D．no
13．A．repaired B．burned C．picked D．cleaned
14．A．offer B．afford C．affect D．instruct
15．A．still B．also C．ever D．just
【答案】
1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．C 7．C 8．B 9．B 10．A 11．A 12．
D 13．D 14．A 15．B
【导语】本文主要通过讲述塑料吸管对环境的危害，并列举了减少使用吸管的方法，呼吁人们共同努力，
保护环境。
1．句意：你可能用它们来喝很多东西，比如豆浆，可乐或奶茶。
drink 喝；eat 吃；tie 系；make 使。根据“soybean milk (豆浆) , cola or milk tea”可知，这些液体的东西是用
来喝的。故选 A。
2．句意：塑料吸管很小，但它们是一个大问题。
so 所以；and 和；or 或者；but 但是。根据“Plastic straws are small … they are a big problem.”可知，“小吸管”
和“大问题”之间构成转折。故选 D。
3．句意：它们在 10 分钟内制成，在 20 分钟内使用，由于不易分解，通常在地球上保留 100 多年。
seconds 秒；minutes 分钟；hours 小时；days 天。根据常识和“They are made in 10 minute”可知，应该表示
20 分钟之内可以使用。故选 B。
4．句意：它们在 10 分钟内制成，在 20 分钟内使用，由于不易分解，通常在地球上保留 100 多年。
cut down 切断；written down 写下；broken down 分解；put down 放下。根据“normally remain on the earth for
over 100 years”可知，吸管不容易分解。故选 C。
5．句意：但是塑料吸管是如何进入海洋的呢？
earth 地球；air 空气；water 水；ocean 海洋。根据下文“The waste management (管理) in some areas are so poor
and remember, all gutters (排水沟) lead to our ocean.”可知，应该使用“海洋”。故选 D。
6．句意：更糟糕的是，塑料吸管杀死了海洋生物。
For example 举例子；Such as 例如；Even worse 更糟糕的是；For one thing 一方面。根据上文和“plastic straws
kill ocean life.”可知，表示递进关系。故选 C。
7．句意：有一次，一只海龟被发现在流血，因为一根 12 厘米长的塑料吸管被塞进了它的鼻子。
camel 骆驼；monkey 猴子；turtle 乌龟；giraffe 长颈鹿。根据上文“lead to our ocean”可知，此处描写海洋中
的动物。故选 C。
8．句意：有一次，一只海龟被发现在流血，因为一根 12 厘米长的塑料吸管被塞进了它的鼻子。
their 他们的；its 它的；her 她的；his 他的。根据主语是动物，为第三人称单数。故选 B。
9．句意：这足以绕着我们的星球旋转近两周半！
closely密切地；nearly几乎；specially特地；particularly特殊地。根据上文中的“around 500 million plastic straws”
可知，这么多的吸管可以绕地球近两圈半。故选 B。
10．句意：如果我们现在不采取行动，到 2050 年，海洋中的塑料将超过鱼类。
more 更多；fewer 更少；less 更少；better 更好。根据情境和“more than”意为“超过”可知，到 2050 年，海
洋中的塑料将超过鱼类。故选 A。
11．句意：他们开始思考饮用饮料时是否需要塑料吸管。
whether 是否；if 是否；why 为什么；what 什么。故选 A。
12．句意：最简单的方法是对一次性使用的塑料（如吸管）说“不”。
hello 喂；sorry 对不起；yes 是；no 不。根据“or not”可知，应该使用“whether”。故选 D。
13．句意：这些吸管可以反复使用、清洁和重复使用。
repaired 修理；burned 燃烧；picked 挑选；cleaned 清理。根据“These straws can be used… and reused over and
over again.”可知，吸管反复使用、重复使用，应该清洗。故选 D。
14．句意：咖啡连锁店星巴克已开始在上海和深圳近 1000 家门店提供不带吸管的盖子和纸吸管，而不是
塑料吸管。
offer 提供；afford 负担得起；affect 影响；instruct 指导。根据“instead of plastic straws”可知，星巴克已开始
提供不带吸管的盖子和纸吸管，而不是塑料吸管。故选 A。
15．句意：麦当劳还采取行动减少塑料吸管的使用。
still 仍然；also 也；ever 曾经；just 刚刚。此处承接星巴克的行为，应该使用“也”。故选 B。
