Unit 8 A green world
单元话题阅读理解练习
基础语篇巩固练
（23-24 八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
End Plastic Pollution
Why
◆Plastic pollution does harm to
our earth and many animals living
on the earth.
◆There are 6.3 billion tons of
plastic on Earth.
80% of the chips (碎屑) floating
in the oceans is plastic.
267 kinds of animals around the
world are harmed because of the
floating plastic.
_______
◆Reduce: say no to single-use plastic,such as plastic
straws and cups.
◆Reuse:make sure you use the plastic items you have
many times instead of buying new ones.
◆Recycle:check for the recycling symbol before buying
plastic items and make sure always recycle plastic.
1．The material above is a ________.
A．notice B．diary C．survey D．poster
2．Which word is the most suitable for _______
A．Where B．Why C．How D．When
3．According to the chart above, ________ may badly hurt because of plastic pollution.
A．sea animals B．long rivers C．little kids D．wild plants
4．The writer tells us plastic has been a disaster to our earth by ________.
A．asking questions B．listing numbers C．telling stories D．sharing experiences
5．The material above was designed mainly to ________.
A．encourage people eat fewer fish in oceans B．call on people to help end plastic pollution
C．teach people how to recycle plastic properly D．ask people not to throw rubbish into oceans
（23-24 八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）Environmentalists (环保人士) are getting more worried about the
effects of fast fashion on the environment. Fast fashion is the production of clothes in a large number at a low cost.
They are put in shops and online stores quickly to create a high demand. Manufacturers (制造商) make 100
billion all kinds of clothes every year. This is expected to grow 60 per cent by 2030.
The fast fashion business model is having a negative effect on the environment. Many of the clothes end up
in dustbins and are not recycled. Another negative effect on the environment is caused by the chemicals used to
make the clothes. These cause health problems to people working in clothes factories. It is reported that children
make many of these clothes.
The way people are buying clothes is adding to the problem of clothing waste. Many years ago, people
went to stores and tried clothes on. People took more time and thought more carefully before they bought clothes.
They also wore them longer. Today, people order cheap clothes on the Internet and if they don’t like them, they
send them back. Some people say this is causing a throwaway (用完即弃的) society. Some people buy clothes
and never even wear them. The German media company Deutsche Welle wrote, “Every year in Europe, four
million tons of clothing ends up in dustbins. Less than one per cent of this is recycled.”
It seems the fashion industry is not so sustainable (可持续的).
1．What’s the writer’s feeling about the fast fashion
A．Worried. B．Uninterested. C．Surprised. D．Pleased.
2．What does the third paragraph mainly tell us
A．Many people like to buy cheap clothes on the Internet.
B．Clothes in stores are much better than those on the Internet.
C．Online shopping is causing more and more clothing waste.
D．People in Europe waste lots of clothes every year.
3．What’s the best title for the text
A．The Meaning of Fast Fashion B．The Influences of Fast Fashion
C．Problems with Fast Fashion D．Health problems with Fast Fashion
（23-24 八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）Japan started putting nuclear-contaminated water (核污染水) into the
ocean on Aug 24. History will never forget this day.
A tsunami (海啸) hit the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (福岛第一核电站) in Japan in 2011. It
broke the nuclear reactors (核反应堆), so the reactors became very hot. Since then, workers have been using a lot
of water to keep them cool. The water touches the reactors, so it has a lot of radioactive materials (放射性物质).
Nuclear wastewater (核废水) is different. It’s the waste from a normal power plant. The rules on whether
or not the wastewater can be put into the ocean are clear. So processed (处理过的) nuclear wastewater is often
seen as safe. But nuclear-contaminated water is not.
Japan tries to mix the idea of the two kinds of water. The country says that the contaminated water goes
through a special purifying process (过滤程序), and that it doesn’t hurt people’s health. However, the water has
more than 60 kinds of radioactive materials. Many of them are still unprocessed. “The materials will in the end
hurt people’s health,” Wang You, a Chinese ocean scientist, told CCTV News.
China started to stop buying seafood from Japan on Aug 24. Restaurants must not buy or use such seafood
As of Aug 28, both Russia and Thailand said that they were testing the seafood from Japan.
1．Which one is NOT true
A．Nuclear wastewater is the waste from a normal power plant.
B．Nuclear-contaminated water is different from nuclear wastewater.
C．Nuclear-contaminated water doesn’t harm people’s health after purifying.
D．The processed nuclear wastewater can be put into the ocean.
2．How did the nuclear-contaminated water in Japan come into being
A．Japan put no rules on the wastewater from normal power plants.
B．Japan used water to make the nuclear reactors work.
C．A tsunami brought water to Japan’s nuclear powerplants.
D．Japan used water to cool down nuclear reactors.
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The foods from Japan that are unsafe.
B．What China is doing after Japan’s actions.
C．Which countries have stopped eating fish from Japan.
D．Japan’s actions to sell their seafood.
（23-24 八年级下·江苏常州·期末）Imagine (想象) a place where nothing ends up in the rubbish bin.
Everything can be reused and recycled. However, the real world is the opposite. A recent report shows that only
7.2% of all used materials are recycled.
Fortunately, a company in Milan named Krill Design decided to solve the problem. Set up in 2018, the
company has made plenty of useful items. Its designs include chairs, clocks, bowls, lamps and some other
furniture. But what makes these items special is that they are made from a kind of plastic-like material—Rekrill. It
is fully biodegradable (可生物降解的) and can be used over and over again.
“After years, you have to change your furniture anyway,” says Marco, a worker at Krill Design. “But if
your furniture is made from Rekrill, we will be able to recycle it and reuse the material. If our material ends up in
the sea by mistake, it doesn’t produce any waste.”
To make every item, four steps are needed. First, the food waste like fruit peel (皮) is dried and made into
powder (粉末). Then the powder is mixed with a material known as PHB．Next, the mixed material is turned into
Rekrill. At last, it is put into a 3D printer to print items. Printing time can be different depending on the item, The
lamp, for example, takes about three hours to print.
“Our material produces no waste, but it costs probably six times more than plastics,” Marco says. “It is also
very difficult to make the material, so we understand why many companies aren’t doing it.” He expects Rekrill to
be widely used in a few years.
1．What does the underlined word “Fortunately” probably mean
A．Suddenly. B．Finally. C．Luckily. D．Clearly.
2．What makes Krill Design’s items special
A．The design. B．The price. C．The purpose. D．The material.
3．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A．Different ways to do with food waste. B．Four steps in making Rekrill items.
C．How Krill Design collects food waste. D．Why it is a good idea to choose Rekrill items.
4．What can we learn from Marco’s words in the last paragraph
A．Rekrill will be cheaper in the future.
B．Rekrill has been widely used around the world.
C．Rekrill is environmentally friendly but expensive.
D．Many companies think it’s difficult to recycle plastic.
（23-24 八年级下·江苏宿迁·期末）The “April snow” is here! It’s not real snow, of course—it’s catkins
(飞絮) from willows and popular trees (杨树) in spring. For some people, this “snow” is not welcomed. Catkins
can cause allergies (过敏), making people’s noses, eyes, and skin uncomfortable.
In spring, female (雌性的) trees grow lots of flowers. When these flowers finish growing, they bear cotton
(结出棉花)—like seeds that spread through the air.
Luckily, scientists have found many ways to control catkins. Doing “gender change surgery (变性手术)”
on willow and polar trees is one of them. People cut off the branches of female trees and replace (代替) them with
branches from male (雄 性 的 ) trees. This cuts down the number of catkins. However, this way is slow and
expensive. A skilled worker can do the “surgery” on less than ten trees a day. Scientists in Wuxi, Jiangsu, use
special injection (注射剂) to reduce the number of catkins on trees. These injections make the trees mainly use
their energy to grow bigger and get more leaves, not to reproduce (繁殖) and make catkins. Xu Qinming, an
expert in Wuxi, told Science and Technology Daily that this method is safe for the trees. However, the trees need
to get injections every year to keep the catkin number under control.
Besides injections, the trees can take “medicine”. The medicine can be sprayed (喷洒) onto the trees before
the catkins form, which can quickly reduce catkin numbers. Still, people need to be careful about how much of the
medicine they use and when they use it, or they might hurt the environment.
1．According to the passage, _________ cause some people feel uncomfortable.
A．the snow in winter B．branches from male trees
C．special injections D．catkins from willow and polar trees
2．How many ways are mentioned to deal with catkins in this passage
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
3．What’s the disadvantage (缺点) of using injections according to the passage
A．It costs a great deal of money. B．Trees are needed to be injected every year.
C．It needs many skilled workers to do it. D．It’s safe for the trees and environment.
4．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．How to control catkins with new technology.B．How to make the trees grow healthily.
C．How to tell male and female willow trees. D．How to protect the environment.
（23-24 八年级下·江苏连云港·期末）Lots of snakes were washed onto the riverbank after the flood.
Seeing these snakes getting burnt by the sun, teenaged Jadav Payeng was worried: What if this happens to people
Payeng turned his fears into planting a 550-hectare (公顷) forest in Majuli, Assam, India—one tree at a
time.“I started planting trees in 1979. The elders told me if I wanted to prevent snakes from dying, I should plant
the world’s tallest grass. I didn’t know then; they meant bamboo. They gave me 50 bamboo seeds and 25 young
trees, and that’s how this began.”
Payeng knew that simply planting them didn’t mean it would come up and grow. The bamboo plants
needed water. “I bought 50 pots (罐子), made holes in each and used them to water the plants. I would fill them
up every five days.”
Soon, he was collecting seeds from the locals and planting them. “I have to thank all the help I have got
from my village. The elders are so close to nature, and have so much knowledge. When I had difficulty keeping
my trees healthy, they told me that red ants can help. This is the kind of useful knowledge we need to pass on to
our young.”
Every day before the sun rises, Payeng (62 years old now) sets out for his forest. The forest is home to
different plants and animals, including 1,000 deer, several kinds of birds and leopards (猎豹). It’s also a cover for
rhinos (犀牛) during the yearly floods and an elephant corridor (通道).
Payeng is now working on a 200-hectare green cover, a project he started in 2011, with the help of the
government. “This will be done in 20 years.” he says.
1．What inspired (启发) Payeng to start planting trees
A．The floods. B．The burnt snakes.
C．The riverbanks. D．The bamboo trees.
2．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．The holes. B．The seeds. C．The pots. D．The plants.
3．In what way did the villagers help Payeng
A．They took care of his children.
B．They helped him water the plants.
C．They collected and raised red ants.
D．They gave him seeds and young trees.
4．What’s the text mainly about
A．A man who grew a forest. B．A village with wise elders.
C．A project which lasts 20 years. D．A forest for different animals.
（23-24 八年级下·江苏镇江·期末）
Baiyangdian is the largest freshwater lake in North China. Its water quality was below Grade 5 in 2017, the
worst in China’s quality system for surface water.
People have monitored (监测) the quality of water many times, it reached Grade 3 in 2021, and has stayed
at that level in the past three years.
Water with a quality of Grade 3 is good enough for most animals and plants in the water to live. It is said
the lake now has 276 kinds of wild birds, 70 more than in 2016 and 48 kinds of wild fish, 21 more than in 2016.
Feng Erwei, a villager of Xidi village near Baiyangdian, has worked on the lake for over 20 years. He
thinks back when he was young. People drank water directly from Baiyangdian. When swimming in the lake, he
could keep his eyes open underwater and see fish swimming around.
The condition of Baiyangdian began to go bad during the last century. In some parts of the 1ake, it became
so polluted that even the locals would avoid it.
“The unpleasant smell from the lake forced people to keep their windows closed, and nobody swam in it
any longer. ” he said.
Now, as water quality improves. Feng said the Baiyangdian of his childhood is coming back.
1．Which grade did the quality of water in the lake reach in 2023
A．Grade 2. B．Grade 3. C．Grade 4. D．Grade 5.
2．What does the underlined word “ force” in Paragraph 6 probably mean
A．Make sth. happen. B．Make sb. accept sth.
C．Make sb. have to do sth. D．Make sth. grow faster.
3．What does the passage mainly want to tell us
A．Baiyangdian is the largest freshwater lake in China.
B．Water with a quality of Grade 3 is not suitable for wildlife to live in.
C．Feng Erwei shared his childhood experiences in Baiyangdian with us.
D．The quality of water in the lake has improved a lot over the past years.
重难语篇拔高练
（22-23 八年级下·江苏南京·期末）Don’t throw away your old phones. You are actually throwing away
real gold! Smartphones contain many useful things such as gold, silver and copper (铜). People can recycle them
to make new electronics (电子器件).
But many people may not know this. In Australia alone there are more than 25 million unused mobile
phones lying around, Sydney Morning Herald reported. The gold in these phone s can add up to a value of more
than $80 million (542 million yuan). There are about 2 billion smartphone users around the world, who change
their phone once every 11 months on average. In China, people generate (产生) 80 million old phones every year,
according to New Express Daily.
However, it’s not easy to get the useful things out of the phones. Smartphones have not only useful things,
but also harmful materials. Guiyu, a small town in Shantou, Guangdong, is one of the world’s biggest dumping
grounds (垃圾倾倒场) for electronic waste, Reuters reported. Many recycling centers in Guiyu simply break the
old electronics by hand and don’t think about the pollution it causes. According to a local government report, 81
percent of children in Guiyu are harmed by lead (铅) poisoning.
Veena Sahajwalla, a professor at Australia’s University of New South Wales, has made a mini factory. It
makes smartphone recycling cleaner and easier. The mini factory is very small and easy to move around. It breaks
the phones and automatically (自动地) removes the useful parts. That way, humans do not get poisoned.
1．What can people do with old phones
A．Put them away. B．Make gold rings.
C．Make new electronics. D．Clean the city’s roads.
2．On average, how often do smartphone users change their phones
A．Once a month. B．Twice a month.
C．Once every 11 months. D．Twice every 18 months.
3．The kids in Guiyu get lead poisoning because ________.
A．Guiyu is polluted by electronic waste B．Guiyu people like to throw away old phones
C．Guiyu has the world’s biggest lead factory D．Guiyu uses machines to recycle electronics
4．The writer writes this article mainly to ________.
A．discuss how to make new electronics from old phones
B．ask people to protect the environment
C．encourage people to make good use of the old phones
D．introduce smartphones in different countries
（22-23 八年级下·江苏南京·期末）Lessons from China on increasing forest cover
Forests are the provider of many necessary products and play a key role in providing clean air,preventing
climate change and conserving biodiversity. As deforestation and forest degradation continue across much of
Asia—Pacific, a paper by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) shows how China
has “seen a phenomenal transformation of forests in the last thirty years”.
China has taken active steps in increasing its forest cover. In the past thirty years, China has successfully
stopped the loss of forests and even managed to reverse the trend. Such “forest transformation” is also evident in
other countries within the region such as India, Japan, South Korea and Vietnam.
However, China’s efforts are worthy of mention. It has increased its forest cover from about 157 million
hectares in 1990 to about 220 million hectares in 2020. Reforestation there has been the highest among the 236
countries and regions covered by FAO’s paper.
The increase in China’s forest cover arises from two factors—planted forest areas and naturally regenerated
forests. Between 1990 and 2020, planted forests increased by over 40 million hectares, while naturally regenerated
forests increased by 22 million hectares.
Lots of tree-planting programs have ensured the growth of trees in China. Under China’s Grain for Green
program starting in 1999, China has successfully transformed 33.5 million hectares of croplands into tree or grass
cover.
China has also invested heavily in research and development in science and technology. This has had direct
and indirect impact on the forest industry. China started a three-stage forest development strategy in 2010,
focusing on using digital technology to monitor, revive and develop forest areas.
And China has also made a great effort to improve the forest ecosystem and its resilience to climate change.
China has achieved this by increasing public awareness, building national parks and running various reforestation
programs.
According to Jong Jin Kim, Assistant Director—General and FAO Regional Representative for Asia and
the Pacific, “such a transformation is a result of several factors, including the rise of China as an industrial
economy, clear and consistent policies, investment in key forestry programs, and the development of science and
technology.”
1．What does “forest transformation” refer to in paragraph 2
A．China has taken active steps in increasing its croplands.
B．It is evident in other countries such as India, Japan, South Korea and Vietnam.
C．China has invested heavily in research and development in science and technology.
D．China has successfully stopped the loss of forests and even managed to change the trend completely in
the past thirty years.
2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．China has improved the forest ecosystem only by increasing public awareness.
B．China has successfully transformed about 35 million hectares of tree or grass cover into croplands.
C．The increase in China’s forest cover includes the increase in planted forest areas and naturally regenerated
forests.
D．The three-stage forest development strategy in 2010 focused on making use of digital technology to
develop croplands.
3．Which of the following is NOT the reason for the “forest transformation”
A．Lots of tree-planting programs.
B．The rise of China as an agricultural country.
C．Great investment in research and development in science and technology.
D．Great efforts to improve the ecosystem of the forest and its resilience to climate change.Unit 8 A green world
单元话题阅读理解练习
基础语篇巩固练
（23-24 八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
End Plastic Pollution
Why
◆Plastic pollution does harm to
our earth and many animals living
on the earth.
◆There are 6.3 billion tons of
plastic on Earth.
80% of the chips (碎屑) floating
in the oceans is plastic.
267 kinds of animals around the
world are harmed because of the
floating plastic.
_______
◆Reduce: say no to single-use plastic,such as plastic
straws and cups.
◆Reuse:make sure you use the plastic items you have
many times instead of buying new ones.
◆Recycle:check for the recycling symbol before buying
plastic items and make sure always recycle plastic.
1．The material above is a ________.
A．notice B．diary C．survey D．poster
2．Which word is the most suitable for _______
A．Where B．Why C．How D．When
3．According to the chart above, ________ may badly hurt because of plastic pollution.
A．sea animals B．long rivers C．little kids D．wild plants
4．The writer tells us plastic has been a disaster to our earth by ________.
A．asking questions B．listing numbers C．telling stories D．sharing experiences
5．The material above was designed mainly to ________.
A．encourage people eat fewer fish in oceans B．call on people to help end plastic pollution
C．teach people how to recycle plastic properly D．ask people not to throw rubbish into oceans
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B
【导语】本文是一个关于塑料污染的调查，并告诉人们如何减少塑料污染。
1．推理判断题。根据“Plastic pollution does harm to our earth ... 6.3 billion tons of plastic...”可知，文章用列数
据的方法说明了塑料污染对地球和在地球上的许多动物造成的伤害，由此可知本文应是一篇调查报告。故
选 C。
2．推理判断题。根据“Reduce: say no to single-use plastic...Reuse:make sure you use the plastic items...Recycle...
可知，此处介绍减少塑料污染的做法，用 how 符合，故选 C。
3．推理判断题。根据“80% of the chips (碎屑) floating in the oceans is plastic. 267 kinds of animals around the
world are harmed because of the floating plastic.”可知，海洋中漂浮的碎屑中有 80%是塑料，而这些漂浮的塑
料伤害了大约 267 种动物，由此可知，漂浮塑料伤害的主要是海洋动物。故选 A。
4．推理判断题。根据“6.3 billion tons of plastic...80% of the chips...267 kinds of animals”可知，作者采用列数
据的方式告诉我们塑料成为地球的灾难。故选 B。
5．主旨大意题。根据“◆Reduce: say no to single-use plastic,such as plastic straws and cups. ◆Reuse:make sure
you use the plastic items you have many times instead of buying new ones. ◆Recycle:check for the recycling
symbol before buying plastic items and make sure always recycle plastic.”可知，上面的材料主要是为了呼吁人
们帮助结束塑料污染。故选 B。
（23-24 八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）Environmentalists (环保人士) are getting more worried about the
effects of fast fashion on the environment. Fast fashion is the production of clothes in a large number at a low cost.
They are put in shops and online stores quickly to create a high demand. Manufacturers (制造商) make 100
billion all kinds of clothes every year. This is expected to grow 60 per cent by 2030.
The fast fashion business model is having a negative effect on the environment. Many of the clothes end up
in dustbins and are not recycled. Another negative effect on the environment is caused by the chemicals used to
make the clothes. These cause health problems to people working in clothes factories. It is reported that children
make many of these clothes.
The way people are buying clothes is adding to the problem of clothing waste. Many years ago, people
went to stores and tried clothes on. People took more time and thought more carefully before they bought clothes.
They also wore them longer. Today, people order cheap clothes on the Internet and if they don’t like them, they
send them back. Some people say this is causing a throwaway (用完即弃的) society. Some people buy clothes
and never even wear them. The German media company Deutsche Welle wrote, “Every year in Europe, four
million tons of clothing ends up in dustbins. Less than one per cent of this is recycled.”
It seems the fashion industry is not so sustainable (可持续的).
1．What’s the writer’s feeling about the fast fashion
A．Worried. B．Uninterested. C．Surprised. D．Pleased.
2．What does the third paragraph mainly tell us
A．Many people like to buy cheap clothes on the Internet.
B．Clothes in stores are much better than those on the Internet.
C．Online shopping is causing more and more clothing waste.
D．People in Europe waste lots of clothes every year.
3．What’s the best title for the text
A．The Meaning of Fast Fashion B．The Influences of Fast Fashion
C．Problems with Fast Fashion D．Health problems with Fast Fashion
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了快时尚对环境的消极影响。
1．细节理解题。根据“Environmentalists (环保人士) are getting more worried about the effects of fast fashion on
the environment.”可知，担忧快时尚对环境的影响，故选 A。
2．主旨大意题。根据“The way people are buying clothes is adding to the problem of clothing waste.”和第三段
整段可知，人们购买衣服的方式增加了衣物浪费的问题，人们在网上订购便宜的衣服，不喜欢，就会寄回，
有些人买衣服却从来不穿，即网购方式增加了衣物浪费的问题。故选 C。
3．最佳标题题。根据全文通篇主要介绍了快时尚对环境的消极影响，B 选项“快时尚的影响。”与文章相符。
故选 B。
（23-24 八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）Japan started putting nuclear-contaminated water (核污染水) into the
ocean on Aug 24. History will never forget this day.
A tsunami (海啸) hit the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (福岛第一核电站) in Japan in 2011. It
broke the nuclear reactors (核反应堆), so the reactors became very hot. Since then, workers have been using a lot
of water to keep them cool. The water touches the reactors, so it has a lot of radioactive materials (放射性物质).
Nuclear wastewater (核废水) is different. It’s the waste from a normal power plant. The rules on whether
or not the wastewater can be put into the ocean are clear. So processed (处理过的) nuclear wastewater is often
seen as safe. But nuclear-contaminated water is not.
Japan tries to mix the idea of the two kinds of water. The country says that the contaminated water goes
through a special purifying process (过滤程序), and that it doesn’t hurt people’s health. However, the water has
more than 60 kinds of radioactive materials. Many of them are still unprocessed. “The materials will in the end
hurt people’s health,” Wang You, a Chinese ocean scientist, told CCTV News.
China started to stop buying seafood from Japan on Aug 24. Restaurants must not buy or use such seafood
As of Aug 28, both Russia and Thailand said that they were testing the seafood from Japan.
1．Which one is NOT true
A．Nuclear wastewater is the waste from a normal power plant.
B．Nuclear-contaminated water is different from nuclear wastewater.
C．Nuclear-contaminated water doesn’t harm people’s health after purifying.
D．The processed nuclear wastewater can be put into the ocean.
2．How did the nuclear-contaminated water in Japan come into being
A．Japan put no rules on the wastewater from normal power plants.
B．Japan used water to make the nuclear reactors work.
C．A tsunami brought water to Japan’s nuclear powerplants.
D．Japan used water to cool down nuclear reactors.
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The foods from Japan that are unsafe.
B．What China is doing after Japan’s actions.
C．Which countries have stopped eating fish from Japan.
D．Japan’s actions to sell their seafood.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了日本排放核污染废水相关的信息。
1．细节理解题。根据“However, the water has more than 60 kinds of radioactive materials. Many of them are still
unprocessed. ‘The materials will in the end hurt people’s health,’ Wang You, a Chinese ocean scientist, told
CCTV News.”可知，这些材料最终会伤害人们的健康，所以“核污染水净化后不会危害人体健康”表述不正
确。故选 C。
2．细节理解题。根据“Since then, workers have been using a lot of water to keep them cool.”可知，日本用水来
冷却核反应堆。故选 D。
3．主旨大意题。通读最后一段可知，此段讲述日本排放核废水后中国停止进口日本海鲜，俄罗斯和泰国
也开始测试日本的海鲜，由此可知此段介绍了日本排放核污废水后，各国在做的事情。故选 B。
（23-24 八年级下·江苏常州·期末）Imagine (想象) a place where nothing ends up in the rubbish bin.
Everything can be reused and recycled. However, the real world is the opposite. A recent report shows that only
7.2% of all used materials are recycled.
Fortunately, a company in Milan named Krill Design decided to solve the problem. Set up in 2018, the
company has made plenty of useful items. Its designs include chairs, clocks, bowls, lamps and some other
furniture. But what makes these items special is that they are made from a kind of plastic-like material—Rekrill. It
is fully biodegradable (可生物降解的) and can be used over and over again.
“After years, you have to change your furniture anyway,” says Marco, a worker at Krill Design. “But if
your furniture is made from Rekrill, we will be able to recycle it and reuse the material. If our material ends up in
the sea by mistake, it doesn’t produce any waste.”
To make every item, four steps are needed. First, the food waste like fruit peel (皮) is dried and made into
powder (粉末). Then the powder is mixed with a material known as PHB．Next, the mixed material is turned into
Rekrill. At last, it is put into a 3D printer to print items. Printing time can be different depending on the item, The
lamp, for example, takes about three hours to print.
“Our material produces no waste, but it costs probably six times more than plastics,” Marco says. “It is also
very difficult to make the material, so we understand why many companies aren’t doing it.” He expects Rekrill to
be widely used in a few years.
1．What does the underlined word “Fortunately” probably mean
A．Suddenly. B．Finally. C．Luckily. D．Clearly.
2．What makes Krill Design’s items special
A．The design. B．The price. C．The purpose. D．The material.
3．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A．Different ways to do with food waste. B．Four steps in making Rekrill items.
C．How Krill Design collects food waste. D．Why it is a good idea to choose Rekrill items.
4．What can we learn from Marco’s words in the last paragraph
A．Rekrill will be cheaper in the future.
B．Rekrill has been widely used around the world.
C．Rekrill is environmentally friendly but expensive.
D．Many companies think it’s difficult to recycle plastic.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文介绍了为了解决材料的回收率低的问题，一家公司设计一种新材料——Rekrill，用它制作物
品。文中介绍了制作这种材料的步骤。
1．词义猜测题。根据“a company in Milan named Krill Design decided to solve the problem.”可知，有公司决
定解决这个问题，因此是幸运的事。故选 C。
2．细节理解题。根据“But what makes these items special is that they are made from a kind of plastic-like
material—Rekrill. It is fully biodegradable (可生物降解的) and can be used over and over again.”（但这些物品
的特别之处在于，它们是由一种类似塑料的材料——Rekrill 制成的。它是完全可生物降解的，可以反复使
用）。可知， Krill 设计的物品的项目特别之处就是材料，故选 D。
3．主旨大意题。根据“To make every item, four steps are needed.”可知，第四段主要介绍制作 Rekrill 物品的
四个步骤。故选 B。
4．推理判断题。根据“‘Our material produces no waste, but it costs probably six times more than plastics,’ Marco
says.”可知，Rekrill 是环保的，但价格昂贵。故选 C。
（23-24 八年级下·江苏宿迁·期末）The “April snow” is here! It’s not real snow, of course—it’s catkins
(飞絮) from willows and popular trees (杨树) in spring. For some people, this “snow” is not welcomed. Catkins
can cause allergies (过敏), making people’s noses, eyes, and skin uncomfortable.
In spring, female (雌性的) trees grow lots of flowers. When these flowers finish growing, they bear cotton
(结出棉花)—like seeds that spread through the air.
Luckily, scientists have found many ways to control catkins. Doing “gender change surgery (变性手术)”
on willow and polar trees is one of them. People cut off the branches of female trees and replace (代替) them with
branches from male (雄 性 的 ) trees. This cuts down the number of catkins. However, this way is slow and
expensive. A skilled worker can do the “surgery” on less than ten trees a day. Scientists in Wuxi, Jiangsu, use
special injection (注射剂) to reduce the number of catkins on trees. These injections make the trees mainly use
their energy to grow bigger and get more leaves, not to reproduce (繁殖) and make catkins. Xu Qinming, an
expert in Wuxi, told Science and Technology Daily that this method is safe for the trees. However, the trees need
to get injections every year to keep the catkin number under control.
Besides injections, the trees can take “medicine”. The medicine can be sprayed (喷洒) onto the trees before
the catkins form, which can quickly reduce catkin numbers. Still, people need to be careful about how much of the
medicine they use and when they use it, or they might hurt the environment.
1．According to the passage, _________ cause some people feel uncomfortable.
A．the snow in winter B．branches from male trees
C．special injections D．catkins from willow and polar trees
2．How many ways are mentioned to deal with catkins in this passage
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
3．What’s the disadvantage (缺点) of using injections according to the passage
A．It costs a great deal of money. B．Trees are needed to be injected every year.
C．It needs many skilled workers to do it. D．It’s safe for the trees and environment.
4．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．How to control catkins with new technology.B．How to make the trees grow healthily.
C．How to tell male and female willow trees. D．How to protect the environment.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了柳絮和杨絮的形成原因以及科学家为减少杨絮产生而研究出来的
方法。
1．细节理解题。根据“it’s catkins (飞絮) from willows and popular trees (杨树) in spring. For some people, this
‘snow’ is not welcomed. Catkins can cause allergies (过敏), making people’s noses, eyes, and skin uncomfortable.”
可知，柳絮会让一些人感觉不舒服。故选 D。
2．细节理解题。根据“Doing ‘gender change surgery (变性手术)’ on willow and poplar trees is one of them.”、
“Scientists in Wuxi, Jiangsu, use special injection (注射剂) to reduce the number of catkins on trees”以及最后一
段中的“The medicine can be sprayed (喷洒) onto the trees before the catkins form, which can quickly reduce
catkin numbers.”可知，应对飞絮，文章提到了做变性手术、注射药物及喷洒药剂三种方式。故选 C。
3．细节理解题。根据“However, the trees need to get injections every year to keep the catkin number under
control.”可知，注射这种方法的缺点是树木需要每年注射。故选 B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了柳絮和杨絮的形成原因以及科学家为减少杨絮产生而研究出
来的方法。故选 A。
（23-24 八年级下·江苏连云港·期末）Lots of snakes were washed onto the riverbank after the flood.
Seeing these snakes getting burnt by the sun, teenaged Jadav Payeng was worried: What if this happens to people
Payeng turned his fears into planting a 550-hectare (公顷) forest in Majuli, Assam, India—one tree at a
time.“I started planting trees in 1979. The elders told me if I wanted to prevent snakes from dying, I should plant
the world’s tallest grass. I didn’t know then; they meant bamboo. They gave me 50 bamboo seeds and 25 young
trees, and that’s how this began.”
Payeng knew that simply planting them didn’t mean it would come up and grow. The bamboo plants
needed water. “I bought 50 pots (罐子), made holes in each and used them to water the plants. I would fill them
up every five days.”
Soon, he was collecting seeds from the locals and planting them. “I have to thank all the help I have got
from my village. The elders are so close to nature, and have so much knowledge. When I had difficulty keeping
my trees healthy, they told me that red ants can help. This is the kind of useful knowledge we need to pass on to
our young.”
Every day before the sun rises, Payeng (62 years old now) sets out for his forest. The forest is home to
different plants and animals, including 1,000 deer, several kinds of birds and leopards (猎豹). It’s also a cover for
rhinos (犀牛) during the yearly floods and an elephant corridor (通道).
Payeng is now working on a 200-hectare green cover, a project he started in 2011, with the help of the
government. “This will be done in 20 years.” he says.
1．What inspired (启发) Payeng to start planting trees
A．The floods. B．The burnt snakes.
C．The riverbanks. D．The bamboo trees.
2．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．The holes. B．The seeds. C．The pots. D．The plants.
3．In what way did the villagers help Payeng
A．They took care of his children.
B．They helped him water the plants.
C．They collected and raised red ants.
D．They gave him seeds and young trees.
4．What’s the text mainly about
A．A man who grew a forest. B．A village with wise elders.
C．A project which lasts 20 years. D．A forest for different animals.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了 Payeng 在印度阿萨姆邦马久里开展绿化工程的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Seeing these snakes getting burnt by the sun…happens to people ”以及第二段
“Payeng turned his fears into planting a 550-hectare (公顷) forest…”可知，蛇被太阳晒伤启发了 Payeng 开始种
植树木。故选 B。
2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“I bought 50 pots (罐子), made holes in each and used them to water the plants.”可
知，他买了 50 个罐子，在每个罐子上打孔，然后用来给植物浇水。故选 C。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“he was collecting seeds from the locals and planting them.…’”可知，村民给了他
种子。故选 D。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了 Payeng 植树造林的历程。故选 A。
（23-24 八年级下·江苏镇江·期末）
Baiyangdian is the largest freshwater lake in North China. Its water quality was below Grade 5 in 2017, the
worst in China’s quality system for surface water.
People have monitored (监测) the quality of water many times, it reached Grade 3 in 2021, and has stayed
at that level in the past three years.
Water with a quality of Grade 3 is good enough for most animals and plants in the water to live. It is said
the lake now has 276 kinds of wild birds, 70 more than in 2016 and 48 kinds of wild fish, 21 more than in 2016.
Feng Erwei, a villager of Xidi village near Baiyangdian, has worked on the lake for over 20 years. He
thinks back when he was young. People drank water directly from Baiyangdian. When swimming in the lake, he
could keep his eyes open underwater and see fish swimming around.
The condition of Baiyangdian began to go bad during the last century. In some parts of the 1ake, it became
so polluted that even the locals would avoid it.
“The unpleasant smell from the lake forced people to keep their windows closed, and nobody swam in it
any longer. ” he said.
Now, as water quality improves. Feng said the Baiyangdian of his childhood is coming back.
1．Which grade did the quality of water in the lake reach in 2023
A．Grade 2. B．Grade 3. C．Grade 4. D．Grade 5.
2．What does the underlined word “ force” in Paragraph 6 probably mean
A．Make sth. happen. B．Make sb. accept sth.
C．Make sb. have to do sth. D．Make sth. grow faster.
3．What does the passage mainly want to tell us
A．Baiyangdian is the largest freshwater lake in China.
B．Water with a quality of Grade 3 is not suitable for wildlife to live in.
C．Feng Erwei shared his childhood experiences in Baiyangdian with us.
D．The quality of water in the lake has improved a lot over the past years.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了白洋淀是华北最大的淡水湖，2017 年水质为劣五类。经过多次监测，2021 年水
质提升至三类，并在过去三年保持这一水平。现在随着水质改善，人们心中的童年的白洋淀正在回归。
1．细节理解题。根据文中第二段中“People have monitored (监测) the quality of water many times, it reached
Grade 3 in 2021, and has stayed at that level in the past three years.”可知，2023 年水质是三级。故选 B。
2．词句猜测题。根据文中“The unpleasant smell from the lake forced people to keep their windows closed, and
nobody swam in it any longer.”可知，湖中难闻的气味会使人们关上窗户，所以 force 是让人们不得不做某事。
故选 C。
3．主旨大意题。根据文中“Now, as water quality improves. Feng said the Baiyangdian of his childhood is coming
back.”及通读全文可知，本文主要讲讲的是这个湖的水质在过去几年里有了很大的改善。故选 D。
重难语篇拔高练
（22-23 八年级下·江苏南京·期末）Don’t throw away your old phones. You are actually throwing away
real gold! Smartphones contain many useful things such as gold, silver and copper (铜). People can recycle them
to make new electronics (电子器件).
But many people may not know this. In Australia alone there are more than 25 million unused mobile
phones lying around, Sydney Morning Herald reported. The gold in these phone s can add up to a value of more
than $80 million (542 million yuan). There are about 2 billion smartphone users around the world, who change
their phone once every 11 months on average. In China, people generate (产生) 80 million old phones every year,
according to New Express Daily.
However, it’s not easy to get the useful things out of the phones. Smartphones have not only useful things,
but also harmful materials. Guiyu, a small town in Shantou, Guangdong, is one of the world’s biggest dumping
grounds (垃圾倾倒场) for electronic waste, Reuters reported. Many recycling centers in Guiyu simply break the
old electronics by hand and don’t think about the pollution it causes. According to a local government report, 81
percent of children in Guiyu are harmed by lead (铅) poisoning.
Veena Sahajwalla, a professor at Australia’s University of New South Wales, has made a mini factory. It
makes smartphone recycling cleaner and easier. The mini factory is very small and easy to move around. It breaks
the phones and automatically (自动地) removes the useful parts. That way, humans do not get poisoned.
1．What can people do with old phones
A．Put them away. B．Make gold rings.
C．Make new electronics. D．Clean the city’s roads.
2．On average, how often do smartphone users change their phones
A．Once a month. B．Twice a month.
C．Once every 11 months. D．Twice every 18 months.
3．The kids in Guiyu get lead poisoning because ________.
A．Guiyu is polluted by electronic waste B．Guiyu people like to throw away old phones
C．Guiyu has the world’s biggest lead factory D．Guiyu uses machines to recycle electronics
4．The writer writes this article mainly to ________.
A．discuss how to make new electronics from old phones
B．ask people to protect the environment
C．encourage people to make good use of the old phones
D．introduce smartphones in different countries
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了智能手机有很多有用的金属，人们可以回收制造新的电子产品，此外智能手机还
含有有害的物质，对人的身体和环境有危害。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“People can recycle them to make new electronics.”可知，人们可以回收旧手机
来制造新的电子器件。故选 C。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“There are about 2 billion smartphone users around the world, who change their
phone once every 11 months on average.”可知，平均而言，智能手机用户每 11 个月更换一次手机。故选 C。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Many recycling centers in Guiyu simply break the old electronics by hand and
don’t think about the pollution it causes. According to a local government report, 81 percent of children in Guiyu
are harmed by lead poisoning.”可知，贵屿的孩子们铅中毒是因为贵屿被电子垃圾污染了。故选 A。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“People can recycle them to make new electronics.”以及通读全文可知，本文主
要介绍了智能手机有很多有用的金属，人们可以回收制造新的电子产品；作者写这篇文章主要是为了鼓励
人们充分利用旧手机。故选 C。
（22-23 八年级下·江苏南京·期末）Lessons from China on increasing forest cover
Forests are the provider of many necessary products and play a key role in providing clean air,preventing
climate change and conserving biodiversity. As deforestation and forest degradation continue across much of
Asia—Pacific, a paper by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) shows how China
has “seen a phenomenal transformation of forests in the last thirty years”.
China has taken active steps in increasing its forest cover. In the past thirty years, China has successfully
stopped the loss of forests and even managed to reverse the trend. Such “forest transformation” is also evident in
other countries within the region such as India, Japan, South Korea and Vietnam.
However, China’s efforts are worthy of mention. It has increased its forest cover from about 157 million
hectares in 1990 to about 220 million hectares in 2020. Reforestation there has been the highest among the 236
countries and regions covered by FAO’s paper.
The increase in China’s forest cover arises from two factors—planted forest areas and naturally regenerated
forests. Between 1990 and 2020, planted forests increased by over 40 million hectares, while naturally regenerated
forests increased by 22 million hectares.
Lots of tree-planting programs have ensured the growth of trees in China. Under China’s Grain for Green
program starting in 1999, China has successfully transformed 33.5 million hectares of croplands into tree or grass
cover.
China has also invested heavily in research and development in science and technology. This has had direct
and indirect impact on the forest industry. China started a three-stage forest development strategy in 2010,
focusing on using digital technology to monitor, revive and develop forest areas.
And China has also made a great effort to improve the forest ecosystem and its resilience to climate change.
China has achieved this by increasing public awareness, building national parks and running various reforestation
programs.
According to Jong Jin Kim, Assistant Director—General and FAO Regional Representative for Asia and
the Pacific, “such a transformation is a result of several factors, including the rise of China as an industrial
economy, clear and consistent policies, investment in key forestry programs, and the development of science and
technology.”
1．What does “forest transformation” refer to in paragraph 2
A．China has taken active steps in increasing its croplands.
B．It is evident in other countries such as India, Japan, South Korea and Vietnam.
C．China has invested heavily in research and development in science and technology.
D．China has successfully stopped the loss of forests and even managed to change the trend completely in
the past thirty years.
2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．China has improved the forest ecosystem only by increasing public awareness.
B．China has successfully transformed about 35 million hectares of tree or grass cover into croplands.
C．The increase in China’s forest cover includes the increase in planted forest areas and naturally regenerated
forests.
D．The three-stage forest development strategy in 2010 focused on making use of digital technology to
develop croplands.
3．Which of the following is NOT the reason for the “forest transformation”
A．Lots of tree-planting programs.
B．The rise of China as an agricultural country.
C．Great investment in research and development in science and technology.
D．Great efforts to improve the ecosystem of the forest and its resilience to climate change.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国增加森林覆盖的经验教训。
1．词义猜测题。根据“In the past thirty years, China has successfully stopped the loss of forests and even managed
to reverse the trend”可知，在过去的三十年里，中国已经成功地阻止了森林的流失，甚至设法彻底改变了这
一趋势，这就是“forest transformation”，故选 D。
2．细节理解题。根据“The increase in China’s forest cover arises from two factors — planted forest areas and
naturally regenerated forests.”可知，中国森林覆盖面积的增加包括人工林面积和自然更新林面积的增加，故
选 C。
3．细节理解题。根据“such a transformation is a result of several factors, including the rise of China as an
industrial economy, clear and consistent policies, investment in key forestry programs, and the development of
science and technology.”可知，这种转变是几个因素的结果，包括中国作为工业经济体的崛起、明确一致的
政策、对关键林业项目的投资以及科学技术的发展。中国作为一个农业大国的崛起不是“森林转型”的原因，
故选 B。
