UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
1.affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动
affection n.喜爱;钟爱
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)① (affect) by his story, they began to do volunteer work for the disabled.
(2)②我真诚地想向您表达我的感激之情。您的善意帮助和支持深深影响了我的生活和工作。(应用文写作之感谢信)
I sincerely want to express my gratitude to you.Your kind assistance and support .
③就在他们即将到达目的地时,汤姆突然发高烧,这让他们的计划陷入了混乱。(读后续写之场景描写)
Just as they were about to reach their destination, , which threw their plans into chaos.
【答案】 (1)①Affected (2)②have greatly affected my life and work ③Tom was affected with a high fever
be affected by 受……的影响;被……感动
affect sb/sth 影响某人/某物
be affected with... 感染……疾病
2.ruin n.& vt.破坏;毁坏
ruined adj.毁坏的;严重受损的
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①My new shoes got (ruin) in the mud and tears welled up in my eyes.
(2)②The rain in the morning
(毁了我们去小镇野餐的计划).
③Shortly after suffering from a big earthquake and (成为废墟),
the city took on a new look.
【答案】 (1)①ruined (2)②ruined our plan of having a picnic in the town ③being reduced to ruins/lying in ruins/falling into ruin
·lie/be in ruins 成为废墟;严重受损;破败不堪
fall into ruin/be reduced to ruins 变为废墟
·ruin sth/sb 毁坏某物/毁灭某人;使破产(或失去地位等)
ruin one’s future/health/fame 毁掉某人的前程/健康/名誉
3.shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克
vt.(使)震惊
shocking adj.令人震惊的
shocked adj.感到震惊的
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①All of us were at the news that many deaths had been caused by the flood.(shock)
(2)②你在竞赛中获得了第一名,这对于我们所有人来说都不惊讶。
You ranked number one in the contest, which .
③他精疲力竭又震惊万分,茫然地盯着眼前被毁坏的景象。(读后续写之情感描写)
, he stared blankly at the destroyed landscape in front of him.
【答案】 (1)①shocked;shocking (2)②was not a shock to all of us ③Exhausted and shocked
·be a shock to...对……而言是一件震惊的事
in shock 震惊地;吃惊地
to one’s shock 令某人震惊的是
·be shocked at/by sth/that... 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth 因做某事而感到震惊
4.bury vt.埋葬;安葬;掩藏;使陷入
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/句式升级
(1)①As you know,I’m still buried books at the school you are so familiar with.
(2)Hearing the bad news,she buried her face in her hands and burst into tears.
②Hearing the bad news,she burst into tears, .(现在分词作状语)
③Hearing the bad news,she burst into tears, .(with 复合结构)
④Hearing the bad news,she burst into tears, .(独立主格结构)
【答案】 (1)①in (2)②burying her face in her hands ③with her face buried in her hands
④her face buried in her hands
bury one’s head/face in one’s hands 用手抱头/双手掩面
bury oneself in (=be buried in) 埋头于,专心于
bury sth in...把某物埋在……
5.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受
vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
suffering n.苦难;痛苦;疼痛;折磨
sufferer n.受难者;患病者
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①She received many letters of support from fellow (suffer).
(2)②我很遗憾听到你整晚失眠,我写信给你一些建议。(应用文写作之建议信)
I am sorry to hear that you .I’m writing to you to give you some suggestions.
③生活中总有一些起起伏伏,但是正是苦难让我们更加坚强。(读后续写之主旨升华)
There are always some ups and downs in our lives,and .
【答案】 (1)①sufferers (2)②are suffering from sleeplessness all night ③it is the sufferings that make us stronger
suffer from患……病;因……而受苦
suffer pain/losses/defeat/hardship遭受痛苦/损失/失败/艰难
①suffer后的名词多指抽象的损害、痛苦等。如pain、loss、defeat、poverty、hunger、punishment、hardship、damage等。
②suffer from常跟具体的不幸或痛苦的名词,表示遭受战争、自然灾害、疾病带来的痛苦。如suffer from hunger/flood/fever/cold/disease。
6.survive vi.生存;存活
vt.幸存;艰难度过
survival n.[U]幸存;[C]残存物
survivor n.幸存者;生还者;挺过困难者
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/语境串词/完成句子
(1)①Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness,she still survived her husband
5 years.
(2)②The only of the plane crash the extreme conditions and his willpower was crucial for his .(survive)
(3)③生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存,而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。(读后续写之主题
升华)
Life isn’t about ;it’s about learning to dance in the rain.
【答案】 (1)①by (2)②survivor; survived;survival (3)③how to survive from the storm
survive sth幸免于;从……中挺过来/活过来
survive on靠……生存下来
survive from sth 从……中幸存下来;流传下来
survive sb/sth (by...)比……活(或存在)的时间长(……)
7.strike vi.&vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵袭;突击;击打;(时钟等)敲响,报时;突然想起
n.罢工;罢课;袭击
[语境运用] 一词多义
①I got up early this morning before the clock struck five.
②When a disaster strikes,you might find there is no water, even no electricity.
③It suddenly struck me that I forgot to lock the door.
④The falling tree struck him on the leg.
⑤Within half an hour,all the drivers were out on strike.
【答案】 ①敲响 ②袭击 ③突然想起 ④击中 ⑤罢工
·sth strikes sb 某人突然想到某事
It strikes sb that/to do...某人觉得……;某人突然想起……
be struck with/by 被……袭击;被……打动
·be on strike 在罢工(状态)
go on strike 举行罢工(动作)
“某人突然想起……”的其他表达:
It hits/hit sb that ...
It occurs/occurred to sb that...
as if/though 引导的从句
[教材原句] It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
仿佛世界末日即将来临!
[语境运用] 完成句子
①她看着我,仿佛我是一个陌生人,她的眼中充满了困惑和怀疑。(读后续写之神态描写)
She looked at me , her eyes filled with confusion and suspicion.
②树林里很黑,似乎每一簇灌木丛后面都有一头凶猛的野兽。她越这样想就越害怕。(读后续写之心理描写)
It is dark in the woods.It seems behind every cluster of bushes.The more she thinks of this, the more frightened she is.
③眼泪在眼眶里打转,大卫抬起头,看着我,好像要说什么,但是又垂下了头。(读后续写之动作描写)
Tears swirling in his eyes,David raised his head,looked at me ,
but lowered his head once again.
【答案】 ①as if I were a stranger ②as if there were a fierce beast ③as if he were to say something
·as if/though 意为“似乎;好像;仿佛”,引导表语从句时,常放在be,look,seem,sound,smell,feel等系动词之后。
·as if/though引导状语从句时,如果所引导的从句表示真实的或极有可能发生的情况,从句用陈述语气。当从句表示一种假设的情况时,从句谓语动词通常用虚拟语气,结构如下:
与现在事实相反,从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be 动词用were);与过去事实相反,从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done);与将来事实相反,从句谓语动词用would/could/might/should do。
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei.At about 3:00 a.m.,on 28 July 1976,bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard.But one million people in the city were asleep 1. usual that night.
At 3:42 a.m.,everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world 2. (be) coming to an end!In less than one minute,a large city lay in ruins.Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or 3. (injure) during the earthquake.Thousands of children
4. (leave) without parents.The number of people 5. were killed or badly injured was more than 400,000.
Everywhere survivors looked,there was nothing but ruins.Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.Later that afternoon,another big quake shook Tangshan again.Water,food,and electricity were hard 6. (get).People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
But hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the 7. (die).Workers built shelters for 8. (survive) whose homes had been destroyed.Water and food were brought into the city by train,truck and plane.9. (slow),the city began to breathe again.With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people,a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.10. new city has become a home to more than seven million people,with great improvements in transportation,industry,and environment.
【答案】 1.as 2.were 3.injured 4.were left 5.who/that 6.to get 7.dead 8.survivors 9.Slowly 10.The
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·浙江1月卷)In her first PE class, Eva was (shock) when Coach Pitt announced that everyone had to run one mile around the track outside.
2.(2024·浙江1月卷)If I ever get (trap) outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly,no longer be able to connect me with my keys.
3.(2024·浙江1月卷)Soon Eva began to (breath) hard, with her heart pounding and legs shaking.
4.(2023·全国乙卷)Indoor plants might look as they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.
5.(2023·全国甲卷)For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) to teach a lesson or to pass on (wise).
6. (bury) in reading the legend of a master in basketball,he didn’t make it to company on time.
7.I was just on the point of leaving the hummingbird (蜂鸟) appeared.
8.I was attracted to the lecture (deliver) by Professor White.
9.A powerful storm (strike) my hometown 3 days ago.
【答案】 1.shocked 2.trapped 3.breathe 4.if/though 5.wisdom 6.Buried 7.when 8.delivered 9.struck
假设你是李华,你的家乡遭遇了洪灾,许多人参与救援,各企业也纷纷捐款捐物。请你用英语给他们写一封感谢信。
1.我写信真诚地感谢你们及时的救助和支持。(rescue)
I am writing to express my earnest gratitude for your timely rescue and support.
2.上个月,一场极其严重的洪灾袭击了我的家乡,使得许多房屋成为废墟,许多人处于危险之中。(strike,ruin)
Last month, an extremely severe flood struck my hometown, which left many houses in ruins and many people in danger.
3.在那时,仿佛世界末日即将来临。(as if)
At that time,it seemed as if the world were coming to an end.
4.由于你们迅速疏散处于危险中的人们并救援被困人员,没有人在这场令人震惊的灾难中丧生。(evacuate,trap,disaster)
Thanks to your quick action of evacuating people in danger and rescuing the trapped, no one was killed in this shocking disaster.
5.而且有了来自政府的大力支持和你们的慷慨援助,我们的城镇很快恢复了生机。(aid)
Besides,with strong support from the government and your generous aid, our town came back to life soon.
6.因此我再怎么感谢你们也不为过。(can’t ...enough)
Therefore,I can’t be grateful to you enough.
[句式升级]
将第2句用现在分词作状语进行改写升级。
Last month,an extremely severe flood struck my hometown, leaving many houses in ruins and many people in danger.
[连句成篇]
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to express my earnest gratitude for your timely rescue and support.
Last month,an extremely severe flood struck my hometown,leaving many houses in ruins and many people in danger.At that time,it seemed as if the world were coming to an end.Thanks to your quick action of evacuating people in danger and rescuing the trapped,no one was killed in this shocking disaster.Besides,with strong support from the government and your generous aid,our town came back to life soon.Therefore,I can’t be grateful to you enough.
Yours,
Li Hua
(提示:线训练见P30)
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UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
1.affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动
affection n.喜爱;钟爱
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)① (affect) by his story, they began to do volunteer work for the disabled.
Affected
(2)②我真诚地想向您表达我的感激之情。您的善意帮助和支持深深影响了我的生活和工作。(应用文写作之感谢信)
I sincerely want to express my gratitude to you.Your kind assistance and support .
③就在他们即将到达目的地时,汤姆突然发高烧,这让他们的计划陷入了混乱。(读后续写之场景描写)
Just as they were about to reach their destination,
, which threw their plans into chaos.
have greatly affected my life and work
Tom was affected with a
high fever
be affected by 受……的影响;被……感动
affect sb/sth 影响某人/某物
be affected with... 感染……疾病
2.ruin n.& vt.破坏;毁坏
ruined adj.毁坏的;严重受损的
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①My new shoes got (ruin) in the mud and tears welled up in my eyes.
ruined
(2)②The rain in the morning
(毁了我们去小镇野餐的计划).
③Shortly after suffering from a big earthquake and
(成为废墟), the city took on a new look.
ruined our plan of having a picnic in the town
being reduced to ruins/
lying in ruins/falling into ruin
·lie/be in ruins 成为废墟;严重受损;破败不堪
fall into ruin/be reduced to ruins 变为废墟
·ruin sth/sb 毁坏某物/毁灭某人;使破产(或失去地位等)
ruin one’s future/health/fame 毁掉某人的前程/健康/名誉
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①All of us were at the news that many deaths had been caused by the flood.(shock)
3.shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克
vt.(使)震惊
shocking adj.令人震惊的
shocked adj.感到震惊的
shocked
shocking
(2)②你在竞赛中获得了第一名,这对于我们所有人来说都不惊讶。
You ranked number one in the contest, which .
③他精疲力竭又震惊万分,茫然地盯着眼前被毁坏的景象。(读后续写之情感描写)
, he stared blankly at the destroyed landscape in front of him.
was not a shock to all of us
Exhausted and shocked
·be a shock to...对……而言是一件震惊的事
in shock 震惊地;吃惊地
to one’s shock 令某人震惊的是
·be shocked at/by sth/that... 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth 因做某事而感到震惊
4.bury vt.埋葬;安葬;掩藏;使陷入
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/句式升级
(1)①As you know,I’m still buried books at the school you are so familiar with.
in
(2)Hearing the bad news,she buried her face in her hands and burst into tears.
②Hearing the bad news,she burst into tears, .
(现在分词作状语)
③Hearing the bad news,she burst into tears,
.(with 复合结构)
④Hearing the bad news,she burst into tears, .
(独立主格结构)
burying her face in her hands
with her face buried in her
hands
her face buried in her hands
bury one’s head/face in one’s hands 用手抱头/双手掩面
bury oneself in (=be buried in) 埋头于,专心于
bury sth in...把某物埋在……
5.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受
vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
suffering n.苦难;痛苦;疼痛;折磨
sufferer n.受难者;患病者
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①She received many letters of support from fellow (suffer).
sufferers
(2)②我很遗憾听到你整晚失眠,我写信给你一些建议。(应用文写作之
建议信)
I am sorry to hear that you .I’m writing to you to give you some suggestions.
③生活中总有一些起起伏伏,但是正是苦难让我们更加坚强。(读后续写之主旨升华)
There are always some ups and downs in our lives,and
.
are suffering from sleeplessness all night
it is the sufferings
that make us stronger
suffer from患……病;因……而受苦
suffer pain/losses/defeat/hardship遭受痛苦/损失/失败/艰难
①suffer后的名词多指抽象的损害、痛苦等。如pain、loss、defeat、poverty、hunger、punishment、hardship、damage等。
②suffer from常跟具体的不幸或痛苦的名词,表示遭受战争、自然灾害、疾病带来的痛苦。如suffer from hunger/flood/fever/cold/disease。
6.survive vi.生存;存活
vt.幸存;艰难度过
survival n.[U]幸存;[C]残存物
survivor n.幸存者;生还者;挺过困难者
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/语境串词/完成句子
(1)①Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness,she still survived her husband 5 years.
by
(2)②The only of the plane crash the extreme conditions and his willpower was crucial for his .(survive)
(3)③生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存,而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。(读后续写之主题升华)
Life isn’t about ;it’s about learning to dance in the rain.
survivor
survived
survival
how to survive from the storm
survive sth幸免于;从……中挺过来/活过来
survive on靠……生存下来
survive from sth 从……中幸存下来;流传下来
survive sb/sth (by...)比……活(或存在)的时间长(……)
7.strike vi.&vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵袭;突击;击打;(时钟等)敲响,报时;
突然想起
n.罢工;罢课;袭击
[语境运用] 一词多义
①I got up early this morning before the clock struck five.
②When a disaster strikes,you might find there is no water, even no electricity.
敲响
袭击
③It suddenly struck me that I forgot to lock the door.
④The falling tree struck him on the leg.
⑤Within half an hour,all the drivers were out on strike.
突然想起
击中
罢工
·sth strikes sb 某人突然想到某事
It strikes sb that/to do...某人觉得……;某人突然想起……
be struck with/by 被……袭击;被……打动
·be on strike 在罢工(状态)
go on strike 举行罢工(动作)
“某人突然想起……”的其他表达:
It hits/hit sb that ...
It occurs/occurred to sb that...
[语境运用] 完成句子
①她看着我,仿佛我是一个陌生人,她的眼中充满了困惑和怀疑。(读后续写之神态描写)
She looked at me , her eyes filled with confusion and suspicion.
as if/though 引导的从句
[教材原句] It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
仿佛世界末日即将来临!
as if I were a stranger
②树林里很黑,似乎每一簇灌木丛后面都有一头凶猛的野兽。她越这样想就越害怕。(读后续写之心理描写)
It is dark in the woods.It seems behind every cluster of bushes.The more she thinks of this, the more frightened she is.
③眼泪在眼眶里打转,大卫抬起头,看着我,好像要说什么,但是又垂下了头。
(读后续写之动作描写)
Tears swirling in his eyes,David raised his head,looked at me
,but lowered his head once again.
as if there were a fierce beast
as if he were
to say something
·as if/though 意为“似乎;好像;仿佛”,引导表语从句时,常放在be,look,
seem,sound,smell,feel等系动词之后。
·as if/though引导状语从句时,如果所引导的从句表示真实的或极有可能发生的情况,从句用陈述语气。当从句表示一种假设的情况时,从句谓语动词通常用虚拟语气,结构如下:
与现在事实相反,从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be 动词用were);与过去事实相反,从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done);与将来事实相反,从句谓语动词用would/could/might/should do。
单元能力·提升自测
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei.At about 3:00 a.m.,on 28 July 1976,bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard.But one million people in the city were asleep 1. usual that night.
as
At 3:42 a.m.,everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world
2. (be) coming to an end!In less than one minute,a large city lay in ruins.Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or 3.
(injure) during the earthquake.Thousands of children 4. (leave) without parents.The number of people 5. were killed or badly injured was more than 400,000.
were
injured
were left
who/that
Everywhere survivors looked,there was nothing but ruins.Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.Later that afternoon,another big quake shook Tangshan again.Water,food,and electricity were hard 6. (get).
People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
to get
But hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the
7. (die).Workers built shelters for 8. (survive) whose homes had been destroyed.Water and food were brought into the city by train,truck and plane.9. (slow),the city began to breathe again.
With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people,a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.
10. new city has become a home to more than seven million people,with great improvements in transportation,industry,and environment.
dead
survivors
Slowly
The
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·浙江1月卷)In her first PE class, Eva was (shock) when Coach Pitt announced that everyone had to run one mile around the track outside.
2.(2024·浙江1月卷)If I ever get (trap) outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly,no longer be able to connect me with my keys.
shocked
trapped
3.(2024·浙江1月卷)Soon Eva began to (breath) hard, with her heart pounding and legs shaking.
4.(2023·全国乙卷)Indoor plants might look as they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.
5.(2023·全国甲卷)For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) to teach a lesson or to pass on (wise).
breathe
if/though
wisdom
6. (bury) in reading the legend of a master in basketball,he didn’t make it to company on time.
7.I was just on the point of leaving the hummingbird (蜂鸟) appeared.
8.I was attracted to the lecture (deliver) by Professor White.
9.A powerful storm (strike) my hometown 3 days ago.
Buried
when
delivered
struck
微写作
感谢信——自然灾害——救灾
假设你是李华,你的家乡遭遇了洪灾,许多人参与救援,各企业也纷纷捐款捐物。请你用英语给他们写一封感谢信。
1.我写信真诚地感谢你们及时的救助和支持。(rescue)
I am writing to express my earnest gratitude for your timely rescue and support.
2.上个月,一场极其严重的洪灾袭击了我的家乡,使得许多房屋成为废墟,许多人处于危险之中。(strike,ruin)
Last month, an extremely severe flood struck my hometown, which left many houses in ruins and many people in danger.
3.在那时,仿佛世界末日即将来临。(as if)
At that time,it seemed as if the world were coming to an end.
4.由于你们迅速疏散处于危险中的人们并救援被困人员,没有人在这场令人震惊的灾难中丧生。(evacuate,trap,disaster)
Thanks to your quick action of evacuating people in danger and rescuing the trapped, no one was killed in this shocking disaster.
5.而且有了来自政府的大力支持和你们的慷慨援助,我们的城镇很快恢复了生机。(aid)
Besides,with strong support from the government and your generous aid, our town came back to life soon.
6.因此我再怎么感谢你们也不为过。(can’t ...enough)
Therefore,I can’t be grateful to you enough.
[句式升级]
将第2句用现在分词作状语进行改写升级。
Last month,an extremely severe flood struck my hometown, leaving many houses in ruins and many people in danger.
[连句成篇]
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to express my earnest gratitude for your timely rescue and support.
Last month,an extremely severe flood struck my hometown,leaving many houses in ruins and many people in danger.At that time,it seemed as if the world were coming to an end.
Thanks to your quick action of evacuating people in danger and rescuing the trapped,no one was killed in this shocking disaster.Besides,with strong support from the government and your generous aid,our town came back to life soon.Therefore,I can’t be grateful to you enough.
Yours,
Li Hua
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