UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
1.refer vi.提到;参考;查阅 vt.查询;叫……求助于
reference n.提及,涉及;参考;参考书目
[语境运用]一词多义/完成句子
(1)①Why not refer to a dictionary to check the spelling of the word
②The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech.
③Although she didn’t mention any names,everyone knew who she was referring to.
(2)④我写信寻求您的关于什么样的中国传统文化最吸引外国人的建议。(应用文写作之求助信)
I am writing to ask for your advice what kinds of traditional Chinese culture appeal to foreigners most.
⑤如果你遇到了不认识的字,我强烈建议你查阅参考书或者向他人求助。(应用文写作之建议信)
If you meet with the characters you don’t know,I strongly suggest that or ask others for help.
【答案】 (1)①查阅 ②提到 ③指的是
(2)④in/with reference to ⑤you look them up in reference books
·refer to 指的是;描述;提到;涉及;查阅;参考
refer...to...把……提交给……;让(人)参考……
refer to...as...把……称作……
·in/with reference to 关于
reference book/material 参考书/参考资料
意为“查词典”但表达方式却不同的短语:refer to a dictionary,consult the dictionary和look...up in the dictionary。
2.base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础
n.底部;根据
based adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的
basic adj.基本的;基础的
basis n.原因;基础;准则;基点
basically adv.本质上;基本上
[语境运用]语境串词/句式升级
(1)①Our friendship is on the trust,which forms the of our mutual support and is unbreakable.(base)
(2)②The movie was based on a real-life incident.And it turned out to be a success.
→The movie turned out to be a success.(过去分词短语作定语)
→ ,the movie turned out to be a success.(过去分词短语作状语)
→The movie, ,turned out to be a success.(定语从句)
【答案】 (1)①based;basic;basis;basically
(2)②based on a real-life incident;Based on a real-life incident;which was based on a real-life incident
·base...on/upon...把……建立在……的基础上
be based on/upon...以……为基础/依据
·on the basis of...在……的基础上;根据……
on a daily/regular basis按每天/定期的方式
3.variety n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化
various adj.各种各样的;不同的
vary vi.变化;改变;不同
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to (vary) age groups.
②Though Jack and Mike are twins,they vary character.
③Changes in price normally vary changes of supply and need.
(2)④由于种种原因,周日我不能和你去书店了。(应用文写作之道歉信)
,I can’t go to the bookstore on Sunday with you.
⑤在艺术文化会演中,将有各种各样的表演,从唱歌、跳舞到背诗不等。
In the course of the Art and Cultural Show,there will be various performances, .
【答案】 (1)①various ②in ③with
(2)④For a variety of/varieties of reasons ⑤varying from singing,dancing to reciting poems
·a variety of (=varieties of)各种各样的
·vary with 随……而变化
vary in 在……方面不同
vary from... to... 由……到……情况不等
vary between...and... 在……和……之间变化
“a variety of/varieties of +名词”作主语时,谓语动词原则上与它所修饰的名词的数保持一致;“the variety of+复数名词”意为“……的品种”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
4.means n.方式;方法;途径
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①He will try his utmost to help them means of his conventional medical knowledge.
②Every possible means (try),but none works perfectly.
(2)③你最好事先练习用筷子,这也是展示你良好的餐桌礼仪的一种方式。(应用文写作之建议信)
You’d better practise using chopsticks in advance,which is also .
④我们决不应该向困难低头。
give in to difficulty.
【答案】 (1)①by ②has been tried (2)③a means of showing your good table manners ④By no means/In no case/Under no circumstances should we
a means of 一种……的手段/方法
by means of 借助……手段;依靠……方法
by all means 当然可以;没问题
by no means (=in no case=under no circumstances)决不;一点也不(置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装)
当means表示“方法;方式;手段”时,单复数同形。means作主语若有every,each,one等词修饰时,谓语动词用单数;若有some,several,many,few,all等词修饰时,谓语动词用复数。
5.regard n.尊重;关注;关心;问候
vt.把……视为;看待
regarding prep.关于;至于
regardless adv.不顾;不加理会
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①Please show my (regard) to your parents.
② regard to reading,there is a saying that there are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people’s eyes.
③Call me if you have any problems (regard) your study.
(2)④有些动植物已经存活了数百万年,被认为是活化石。
Some of the plants and animals have survived millions of years,
.
【答案】 (1)①regards ②With ③regarding
(2)④and are regarded/viewed/considered as living fossils
·show/give one’s regards to sb 代某人向某人问好
in/with regard to(=as regards sb/sth)关于;至于
·regard... as... 把……看作……
be regarded as (=be considered as=be viewed as) 被视为;被看作
·regardless of 不管;不顾
6.appreciate vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会
vi.增值
appreciation n.欣赏;感激;理解
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/翻译句子
(1)①We would appreciate you (let) us know of any problems in advance.
②Children should show (appreciate) for what their parents do for them.
(2)③在中秋节,我们通常会聚在一块,一边吃月饼,一边赏月。(话题写作之传统节日)
④如果你能考虑我的申请,我将非常感激。(应用文写作之申请信)
【答案】 (1)①letting ②appreciation
(2)③During the Mid-Autumn Festival,we usually get together,appreciating the Moon while eating mooncakes. ④I would greatly appreciate it if you could consider my application.
·appreciate (doing) sth 欣赏/感激(做)某事
I would appreciate it if... 如果……,我将不胜感激
·express/convey one’s appreciation to sb 对某人表达感激之情
show appreciation for 对……表示感谢
appreciate 之后不能直接跟宾语从句,要在宾语从句前面加上形式宾语it。有类似用法的动词或短语还有:like,hate,dislike,depend on等。
7.struggle n.& vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/语境串词
(1)①I struggled (keep) my balance on my new skates.
②Many young people stayed in that big city, (struggle) for a better life.
(2)③Unfortunately he fell down during the cross-country running race.He (挣扎着站起来) and continued to run.He (与……作斗争) the pain in his body and never gave up.By doing this,he (为……而奋斗) glory for his country.
【答案】 (1)①to keep ②struggling
(2)③struggled to his feet;struggled with/against;struggled for
·struggle for 为……而奋斗
struggle with/against 与……抗争/作斗争
struggle to do sth 努力做某事
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
·It is a struggle (for sb) to do sth (对于某人而言)做某事很困难
8.equal n.同等的人;相等物
adj.相同的;同样的
equality n.相等;平等
equally adv.相等地;平均地;平等地;同样地
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①I hold the belief that Martin is equal in playing basketball.
②She isn’t Mike’s equal courage,for which she admires him.
③She tried to ensure her affection was (equal) shared among all three children.
(2)④我精通英语并且具备沟通技巧,我确信自己适合这份工作。(应用文写作之申请信)
With proficiency in English and communication skills,I’m confident that I
.
【答案】 (1)①without ②in ③equally
(2)④am equal to/am fit for/am qualified for the job
·be equal to (=be fit for=be qualified for) 能胜任某事
be equal to sth 等于;相当于
·be without equal(=have no equal) 无与伦比;无敌
be one’s equal in sth 在某方面比得上某人
be equal to中的to是介词,如果后接动词,那么该动词需要用动名词形式。
9.demand n.要求;需求
vt.强烈要求;需要
vi.查问
demanding adj. 苛求的;要求高的;费力的
[语境运用]单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①Nowadays science graduates are greater demand because advanced science has created more (demand) jobs.
②My demand is that the information referred to in my report (email) to Mr Brown without delay.
(2)③他冲进我的房间,要求知道发生了什么事。(读后续写之动作描写)
He rushed into my room and what was going on.
④为了满足学生的需求,学校阅览室将于下周一重新开放。
,the school reading room will reopen next Monday.
【答案】 (1)①in;demanding ②(should) be emailed (2)③demanded to know ④To meet/satisfy the students’ demands
·be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
meet/satisfy one’s demand(s) 满足某人的需求
·demand to do sth要求做某事
demand that sb (should) do sth(=require sb to do sth=command sb to do sth)要求某人做某事
注意不能用“demand sb to do sth”这一结构。
10.date back (to...)(=date from)追溯到;始于
[语境运用]单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①The dictionary is of date: many words have been added to the language since it was published.
②As far as I know,they have set a date the meeting.
(2)③我向你强烈推荐的旅游景点是始于公元前478年的孔庙。(应用文写作之推荐信)
The tourist attraction I strongly recommend to you is Confucius Temple 478 BC.
【答案】 (1)①out ②for (2)③which dates back to/dating back to
out of date 过时的;陈旧的
up to date 最新的;现代的
to date 到目前为止
set a date for... 确定……的日期
date back to 和date from这两个短语,通常使用一般现在时,没有进行时态,也没有被动
形式。
the +比较级...,the+比较级...
[教材原句] ... the more I learnt of a language,the more my brain would grow.
……我对一门语言了解得越多,我的大脑就会发育得越好。
[语境运用] 完成句子/翻译句子
(1)①我越往森林里走,我越感到害怕,我的心提到了嗓子眼。(读后续写之心理描写)
I walked into the forest, I felt and I had my heart in my mouth.
②越是经常抓住机会和外国人交谈,说外语时你就越自信。(应用文写作之建议信)
The more often you seize opportunities to talk to the foreigners, when speaking a foreign language.
(2)③你对中国传统文化了解越多,你就对它越感兴趣。
④也许更重要的是,你越善于管理你的学习时间,你越会有更多的时间用在你课外的兴
趣上。
【答案】 (1)①The further;the more frightened ②the more confident you will be
(2)③The more you know about traditional Chinese culture,the more you are interested in it.
④Perhaps more importantly,the better you are at managing the time you devote to your study,the more time you will have to spend on your outside interests.
“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”句型的具体用法:
(1)意为“越……,就越……”,表示主句和从句的两个谓语动词是同时进行的,一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。
(2)从结构上看,第一个“the+比较级...”是表示条件的状语从句,第二个“the+比较级...”是主句;在表示将来意义的情况时,从句用一般现在时表示将来,主句用一般将来时。
[教材原句] Over the years,the system developed into different forms,①as it was a time ②when people were divided geographically,③leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
在随后的年代里,这一体系发展成不同的形式,这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔,从而导致不同方言和汉字变体的产生。
分析:这是一个主从复合句。主句是“the system developed into different forms”。句中①为as引导的原因状语从句,②为when引导的定语从句,先行词是a time;③为现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。
[语境运用] 场景句式练习
①在随后的年代里,这种戏曲发展成很多种形式,这是因为当时各地人们的文化交流较少,从而造就多种不同唱法的产生。
②在随后的几年里,他又看了许多关于这种罕见动物的书,这是因为当时他对此非常感兴趣,从而使他成为这一领域的专家。
【答案】 ①Over the years,the opera developed into many different forms,as it was a time when people’s cultural exchanges among different places are few,leading to diverse singing methods.
②In the following years,he read many books about this rare animal again,as it was a time when he was really crazy about it,making him an expert in this field.
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
China is 1. (wide) known for its ancient civilisation.There are many reasons
2. this has been possible,but one of the main factors has been the Chinese 3. (write) system.
At the beginning,written Chinese was a picture-based language.By the Shang Dynasty,
these symbols 4. (become) a well-developed writing system.In the Qin Dynasty,the Chinese writing system began to develop in one 5. (direct).The writing system was of great importance in 6. (unit) the Chinese people 7. culture.
By written Chinese,China’s present 8. (connect) with its past.Today,the Chinese writing system is still 9. important part of Chinese culture.And more and more people are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this 10. (amaze) language.
【答案】 1.widely 2.why 3.writing 4.had become 5.direction 6.uniting 7.and 8.is connected 9.an 10.amazing
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)I keep two (refer) books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典).
2.(2024·北京卷)To facilitate our comprehension of the world,we build models based conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us.
3.(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level,the national parks,in particular,tend to catch our attention because of their large size and (various).
4.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)During my first visit to Italy,I struggled (ask) for directions or order in a restaurant.
5.(2024·北京卷)Franz Boas’s (describe) of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans.
6.Human beings (regard) as part of nature and the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.
7. (globe) warming is one of the most pressing environmental issues of our time.
8.The journey and the destination are (equal) important in our reading.
9.The (demand) journey through the mountains tested their physical and mental limits,yet they refused to give up.
10.The tower (date) back to the Ming Dynasty was seriously destroyed in the flood.
【答案】 1.reference 2.on 3.variety 4.to ask 5.description 6.are regarded 7.Global 8.equally 9.demanding 10.dating
假设你是李华,你的外国笔友Tom准备明年来你校做交换生,写邮件向你咨询如何学习中文。请你用英语给他回一封电子邮件。
1.首先,你应该有一个积极的态度,勇敢地说汉语。永远不要害怕犯错误。(attitude)
Firstly,you ought to have a positive attitude and be brave to speak Chinese.Never be afraid of making mistakes.
2.第二,阅读一些经典作品,从而扩大词汇量。你也可以参考一些中文学习资料。(vocabulary,refer to)
Secondly,read some classics and thus expand your vocabulary.You can refer to some Chinese learning materials as well.
3.第三,经常和以汉语为母语的人交流是一个很好的方法。(native,means)
Thirdly,communicating with native Chinese speakers frequently is a good means.
4.最后但同样重要的是,无论你在这个过程中遇到什么起伏,都要继续前进。(no matter+疑问词)
Last but not least, no matter what ups and downs you encounter in the process,keep moving forwards.
5.一定要试着把你学到的东西和日常生活联系起来。(relate...to...)
Do try to relate what you learn to daily life.
[句式升级]
1.将第2句用动名词作主语和连词and进行改写升级。
Secondly,reading some classics helps to expand your vocabulary,and you can refer to some Chinese learning materials as well.
2.将第3句用it作形式主语进行改写升级。
Thirdly,it is a good means to communicate with native Chinese speakers frequently.
[连句成篇]
Dear Tom,
Firstly,you ought to have a positive attitude and be brave to speak Chinese.Never be afraid of making mistakes.Secondly,reading some classics helps to expand your vocabulary,and you can refer to some Chinese learning materials as well.Thirdly,it is a good means to communicate with native Chinese speakers frequently.Last but not least,no matter what ups and downs you encounter in the process,keep moving forwards.Do try to relate what you learn to daily life.
Yours,
Li Hua
要求:找出下列各句中点训练里出现过的词汇。
一天,比尔问我他是否可以借用一下我的割草机(lawnmower)来美化他家的花园。我毫不犹豫地答应了。但几天后,当他归还我的割草机时,他嘟哝道他在收到时割草机就是坏的。我争辩说这不是真的,强调当时割草机处于完好状态,并要求他立即修好它。他没料到我会提出这样的要求,脸上露出倔强的神情。他拒绝了,然后生气地走开了。这场争论过后,我们再也没有相互说过话。
One day,Bill inquired me if he could borrow my lawnmower to beautify his garden.
I agreed without hesitation.
But a few days later,when he returned my lawnmower,he grunting that it was damaged when he received it.
I argued that it was not true,emphasised the lawnmower had been in perfect condition then,and demanded that he should get it repaired immediately.
He never expected my demand and he had a stubborn look on his face.
He refused and walked away angrily.
After this argument,we didn’t speak to each other at all.
要求:根据括号中的提示完成句式升级。
One day,Bill inquired me if he could borrow my lawnmower to beautify his garden.I agreed without hesitation.But a few days later he returned my lawnmower,①grunting that it was damaged when he received it(现在分词作状语).I argued that it was not true,
②emphasising the lawnmower had been in perfect condition then(现在分词作状语),and demanded that he should get it repaired immediately.③Never did he expect my demand (倒装句式) and,④with a stubborn look on his face(with复合结构),he refused and walked away angrily.After this argument,we didn’t speak to each other at all.
(提示:面训练见P36)
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UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
1.refer vi.提到;参考;查阅 vt.查询;叫……求助于
reference n.提及,涉及;参考;参考书目
[语境运用]一词多义/完成句子
(1)①Why not refer to a dictionary to check the spelling of the word
②The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech.
③Although she didn’t mention any names,everyone knew who she was referring to.
查阅
提到
指的是
(2)④我写信寻求您的关于什么样的中国传统文化最吸引外国人的建议。
(应用文写作之求助信)
I am writing to ask for your advice what kinds of traditional Chinese culture appeal to foreigners most.
⑤如果你遇到了不认识的字,我强烈建议你查阅参考书或者向他人求助。
(应用文写作之建议信)
If you meet with the characters you don’t know,I strongly suggest that
or ask others for help.
in/with reference to
you look them up in reference books
·refer to 指的是;描述;提到;涉及;查阅;参考
refer...to...把……提交给……;让(人)参考……
refer to...as...把……称作……
·in/with reference to 关于
reference book/material 参考书/参考资料
意为“查词典”但表达方式却不同的短语:refer to a dictionary,consult the dictionary和look...up in the dictionary。
2.base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础
n.底部;根据
based adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的
basic adj.基本的;基础的
basis n.原因;基础;准则;基点
basically adv.本质上;基本上
[语境运用]语境串词/句式升级
(1)①Our friendship is on the trust,which forms the
of our mutual support and is unbreakable.(base)
based
basic
basis
basically
(2)②The movie was based on a real-life incident.And it turned out to be a success.
→The movie turned out to be a success.
(过去分词短语作定语)
→ ,the movie turned out to be a success.(过去分词短语作状语)
→The movie, ,turned out to be a success.(定语从句)
based on a real-life incident
Based on a real-life incident
which was based on a real-life incident
·base...on/upon...把……建立在……的基础上
be based on/upon...以……为基础/依据
·on the basis of...在……的基础上;根据……
on a daily/regular basis按每天/定期的方式
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to
(vary) age groups.
3.variety n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化
various adj.各种各样的;不同的
vary vi.变化;改变;不同
various
②Though Jack and Mike are twins,they vary character.
③Changes in price normally vary changes of supply and need.
(2)④由于种种原因,周日我不能和你去书店了。(应用文写作之道歉信)
,I can’t go to the bookstore on Sunday with you.
⑤在艺术文化会演中,将有各种各样的表演,从唱歌、跳舞到背诗不等。
In the course of the Art and Cultural Show,there will be various performances,
.
in
with
For a variety of/varieties of reasons
varying from singing,dancing to reciting poems
·a variety of (=varieties of)各种各样的
·vary with 随……而变化
vary in 在……方面不同
vary from... to... 由……到……情况不等
vary between...and... 在……和……之间变化
“a variety of/varieties of +名词”作主语时,谓语动词原则上与它所修饰的名词的数保持一致;“the variety of+复数名词”意为“……的品种”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
4.means n.方式;方法;途径
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①He will try his utmost to help them means of his conventional medical knowledge.
②Every possible means (try),but none works perfectly.
by
as been tried
(2)③你最好事先练习用筷子,这也是展示你良好的餐桌礼仪的一种方式。(应用文写作之建议信)
You’d better practise using chopsticks in advance,which is also
.
④我们决不应该向困难低头。
give in to difficulty.
of showing your good table manners
a means
By no means/In no case/Under no circumstances should we
a means of 一种……的手段/方法
by means of 借助……手段;依靠……方法
by all means 当然可以;没问题
by no means (=in no case=under no circumstances)决不;一点也不(置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装)
当means表示“方法;方式;手段”时,单复数同形。means作主语若有every,
each,one等词修饰时,谓语动词用单数;若有some,several,many,few,all等词修饰时,谓语动词用复数。
5.regard n.尊重;关注;关心;问候
vt.把……视为;看待
regarding prep.关于;至于
regardless adv.不顾;不加理会
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①Please show my (regard) to your parents.
regards
② regard to reading,there is a saying that there are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people’s eyes.
③Call me if you have any problems (regard) your study.
(2)④有些动植物已经存活了数百万年,被认为是活化石。
Some of the plants and animals have survived millions of years,
.
With
regarding
and
are regarded/viewed/considered as living fossils
·show/give one’s regards to sb 代某人向某人问好
in/with regard to(=as regards sb/sth)关于;至于
·regard... as... 把……看作……
be regarded as (=be considered as=be viewed as) 被视为;被看作
·regardless of 不管;不顾
6.appreciate vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会
vi.增值
appreciation n.欣赏;感激;理解
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/翻译句子
(1)①We would appreciate you (let) us know of any problems in advance.
②Children should show (appreciate) for what their parents do for them.
letting
appreciation
(2)③在中秋节,我们通常会聚在一块,一边吃月饼,一边赏月。(话题写作之传统节日)
During the Mid-Autumn Festival,we usually get together,appreciating the
Moon while eating mooncakes.
④如果你能考虑我的申请,我将非常感激。(应用文写作之申请信)
I would greatly appreciate it if you could consider my application.
·appreciate (doing) sth 欣赏/感激(做)某事
I would appreciate it if... 如果……,我将不胜感激
·express/convey one’s appreciation to sb 对某人表达感激之情
show appreciation for 对……表示感谢
appreciate 之后不能直接跟宾语从句,要在宾语从句前面加上形式宾语it。有类似用法的动词或短语还有:like,hate,dislike,depend on等。
7.struggle n.& vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/语境串词
(1)①I struggled (keep) my balance on my new skates.
②Many young people stayed in that big city, (struggle) for a better life.
to keep
struggling
(2)③Unfortunately he fell down during the cross-country running race.He
(挣扎着站起来) and continued to run.He
(与……作斗争) the pain in his body and never gave up.By doing this,he (为……而奋斗) glory for his country.
struggled to his feet
struggled with/against
struggled for
·struggle for 为……而奋斗
struggle with/against 与……抗争/作斗争
struggle to do sth 努力做某事
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
·It is a struggle (for sb) to do sth (对于某人而言)做某事很困难
8.equal n.同等的人;相等物
adj.相同的;同样的
equality n.相等;平等
equally adv.相等地;平均地;平等地;同样地
[语境运用] 单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①I hold the belief that Martin is equal in playing basketball.
②She isn’t Mike’s equal courage,for which she admires him.
③She tried to ensure her affection was (equal) shared among all three children.
without
in
equally
(2)④我精通英语并且具备沟通技巧,我确信自己适合这份工作。(应用文写作之申请信)
With proficiency in English and communication skills,I’m confident that I
.
am equal to/am fit for/am qualified for the job
·be equal to (=be fit for=be qualified for) 能胜任某事
be equal to sth 等于;相当于
·be without equal(=have no equal) 无与伦比;无敌
be one’s equal in sth 在某方面比得上某人
be equal to中的to是介词,如果后接动词,那么该动词需要用动名词形式。
[语境运用]单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①Nowadays science graduates are greater demand because advanced science has created more (demand) jobs.
9.demand n.要求;需求
vt.强烈要求;需要
vi.查问
demanding adj. 苛求的;要求高的;费力的
in
demanding
②My demand is that the information referred to in my report
(email) to Mr Brown without delay.
(2)③他冲进我的房间,要求知道发生了什么事。(读后续写之动作描写)
He rushed into my room and what was going on.
④为了满足学生的需求,学校阅览室将于下周一重新开放。
,the school reading room will reopen next Monday.
(should)
be emailed
demanded to know
To meet/satisfy the students’ demands
·be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
meet/satisfy one’s demand(s) 满足某人的需求
·demand to do sth要求做某事
demand that sb (should) do sth(=require sb to do sth=command sb to do sth)要求某人做某事
注意不能用“demand sb to do sth”这一结构。
[语境运用]单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)①The dictionary is of date: many words have been added to the language since it was published.
②As far as I know,they have set a date the meeting.
10.date back (to...)(=date from)追溯到;始于
out
for
(2)③我向你强烈推荐的旅游景点是始于公元前478年的孔庙。(应用文写作之推荐信)
The tourist attraction I strongly recommend to you is Confucius Temple
478 BC.
which dates back to/dating back to
out of date 过时的;陈旧的
up to date 最新的;现代的
to date 到目前为止
set a date for... 确定……的日期
date back to 和date from这两个短语,通常使用一般现在时,没有进行时态,也没有被动形式。
[语境运用] 完成句子/翻译句子
(1)①我越往森林里走,我越感到害怕,我的心提到了嗓子眼。(读后续写之心理描写)
I walked into the forest, I felt and I had my heart in my mouth.
the +比较级...,the+比较级...
[教材原句] ... the more I learnt of a language,the more my brain would grow.
……我对一门语言了解得越多,我的大脑就会发育得越好。
The further
the more frightened
②越是经常抓住机会和外国人交谈,说外语时你就越自信。(应用文写作之建议信)
The more often you seize opportunities to talk to the foreigners,
when speaking a foreign language.
(2)③你对中国传统文化了解越多,你就对它越感兴趣。
the more
confident you will be
The more you know about traditional Chinese culture,the more you are
interested in it.
④也许更重要的是,你越善于管理你的学习时间,你越会有更多的时间用在你课外的兴趣上。
Perhaps more importantly,the better you are at managing the time you devote
to your study,the more time you will have to spend on your outside interests.
“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”句型的具体用法:
(1)意为“越……,就越……”,表示主句和从句的两个谓语动词是同时进行
的,一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。
(2)从结构上看,第一个“the+比较级...”是表示条件的状语从句,第二个“the+比较级...”是主句;在表示将来意义的情况时,从句用一般现在时表示将来,主句用一般将来时。
[教材原句] Over the years,the system developed into different forms,①as it was a time ②when people were divided geographically,③leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
长难句分析
在随后的年代里,这一体系发展成不同的形式,这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔,从而导致不同方言和汉字变体的产生。
分析:这是一个主从复合句。主句是“the system developed into different forms”。句中①为as引导的原因状语从句,②为when引导的定语从句,先行词是a time;③为现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。
[语境运用] 场景句式练习
①在随后的年代里,这种戏曲发展成很多种形式,这是因为当时各地人们的文化交流较少,从而造就多种不同唱法的产生。
Over the years,the opera developed into many different forms,as it was a
time when people’s cultural exchanges among different places are few,
leading to diverse singing methods.
②在随后的几年里,他又看了许多关于这种罕见动物的书,这是因为当时他对此非常感兴趣,从而使他成为这一领域的专家。
In the following years,he read many books about this rare animal again,as
it was a time when he was really crazy about it,making him an expert in this
field.
单元能力·提升自测
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
China is 1. (wide) known for its ancient civilisation.There are many reasons 2. this has been possible,but one of the main factors has been the Chinese 3. (write) system.
widely
why
writing
At the beginning,written Chinese was a picture-based language.By the Shang Dynasty,these symbols 4. (become) a well-developed writing system.In the Qin Dynasty,the Chinese writing system began to develop in one 5. (direct).The writing system was of great importance in 6. (unit) the Chinese people 7. culture.
had become
direction
uniting
and
By written Chinese,China’s present 8. (connect) with its past.Today,the Chinese writing system is still 9. important part of Chinese culture.And more and more people are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this 10. (amaze) language.
is connected
an
amazing
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)I keep two (refer) books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典).
2.(2024·北京卷)To facilitate our comprehension of the world,we build models based conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us.
reference
on
3.(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level,the national parks,in particular,tend to catch our attention because of their large size and (various).
4.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)During my first visit to Italy,I struggled
(ask) for directions or order in a restaurant.
5.(2024·北京卷)Franz Boas’s (describe) of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans.
variety
to ask
description
6.Human beings (regard) as part of nature and the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.
7. (globe) warming is one of the most pressing environmental issues of our time.
8.The journey and the destination are (equal) important in our reading.
are regarded
Global
equally
9.The (demand) journey through the mountains tested their physical and mental limits,yet they refused to give up.
10.The tower (date) back to the Ming Dynasty was seriously destroyed in the flood.
demanding
dating
微写作
建议信——语言学习的方法——如何学好汉语
假设你是李华,你的外国笔友Tom准备明年来你校做交换生,写邮件向你咨询如何学习中文。请你用英语给他回一封电子邮件。
1.首先,你应该有一个积极的态度,勇敢地说汉语。永远不要害怕犯错误。(attitude)
Firstly,you ought to have a positive attitude and be brave to speak Chinese.
Never be afraid of making mistakes.
2.第二,阅读一些经典作品,从而扩大词汇量。你也可以参考一些中文学习资料。(vocabulary,refer to)
Secondly,read some classics and thus expand your vocabulary.You can refer to some Chinese learning materials as well.
3.第三,经常和以汉语为母语的人交流是一个很好的方法。(native,means)
Thirdly,communicating with native Chinese speakers frequently is a good means.
4.最后但同样重要的是,无论你在这个过程中遇到什么起伏,都要继续前进。(no matter+疑问词)
Last but not least, no matter what ups and downs you encounter in the process,keep moving forwards.
5.一定要试着把你学到的东西和日常生活联系起来。(relate...to...)
Do try to relate what you learn to daily life.
[句式升级]
1.将第2句用动名词作主语和连词and进行改写升级。
Secondly,reading some classics helps to expand your vocabulary,and you can refer to some Chinese learning materials as well.
2.将第3句用it作形式主语进行改写升级。
Thirdly,it is a good means to communicate with native Chinese speakers frequently.
[连句成篇]
Dear Tom,
Firstly,you ought to have a positive attitude and be brave to speak Chinese.Never be afraid of making mistakes.Secondly,reading some classics helps to expand your vocabulary,and you can refer to some Chinese learning materials as well.Thirdly,it is a good means to communicate with native Chinese speakers frequently.
Last but not least,no matter what ups and downs you encounter in the process,keep moving forwards.Do try to relate what you learn to daily life.
Yours,
Li Hua
读后续写微技能
线训练——“说”
要求:找出下列各句中点训练里出现过的词汇。
一天,比尔问我他是否可以借用一下我的割草机(lawnmower)来美化他家的花园。我毫不犹豫地答应了。但几天后,当他归还我的割草机时,他嘟哝道他在收到时割草机就是坏的。我争辩说这不是真的,强调当时割草机处于完好状态,并要求他立即修好它。他没料到我会提出这样的要求,脸上露出倔强的神情。他拒绝了,然后生气地走开了。这场争论过后,我们再也没有相互说过话。
读后续写微技能
线训练——“说”
One day,Bill inquired me if he could borrow my lawnmower to beautify his garden.
I agreed without hesitation.
But a few days later,when he returned my lawnmower,he grunting that it was damaged when he received it.
I argued that it was not true,emphasised the lawnmower had been in perfect condition then,and demanded that he should get it repaired immediately.
读后续写微技能
线训练——“说”
He never expected my demand and he had a stubborn look on his face.
He refused and walked away angrily.
After this argument,we didn’t speak to each other at all.
读后续写微技能
线训练——“说”
要求:根据括号中的提示完成句式升级。
One day,Bill inquired me if he could borrow my lawnmower to beautify his garden.I agreed without hesitation.But a few days later he returned my lawnmower,①grunting that it was damaged when he received it(现在分词作状语).
I argued that it was not true,②emphasising the lawnmower had been in perfect condition then(现在分词作状语),and demanded that he should get it repaired immediately.③Never did he expect my demand (倒装句式) and,④with a stubborn look on his face(with复合结构),he refused and walked away angrily.After this argument,we didn’t speak to each other at all.
