【期末押题卷】北京市2024-2025学年高一下学期英语期末模拟预测卷二（含答案与解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
北京市2024-2025学年高一下学期英语期末模拟预测卷
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．（2025 通州区一模） By my early 40s，I had exhausted all the hobbies that were supposed to make me feel better about entering middle age.And then，at the height of my low﹣grade desperation，I decided to （1）　 　 for a ballet class.
"But you re not very （2）　 　 ，"my husband gently reminded me.He wasn't wrong.I nearly injured myself when I tried to stretch my leg.Also，I could see how I didn't exactly look like promising ballerina material.But I was determined to give it a try，because I needed confirmation that my body was capable of movement and grace.
Although I'd expected my classes to be physically （3）　 　 and my leg muscles to ache，I hadn't （4）　 　 that the experience in the ballet studio would bring a certain joy，and my teacher's command to"take up more space"would （5）　 　 my way of being in the world.
When I （6）　 　 about my lack of grace in the simple act of pointing and extending my foot to the side，my teacher reminded me that ballet isn't about （7）　 　 .Rather，he said，it's about （8）　 　 to be better.As a writer who polishes sentences all day with the hope that they will approximate the beautiful，perfect construct in her mind，this felt like the best，most valuable writing advice I'd ever received.
If anything，ballet is forcing me to （9）　 　 my relationship with my body.Instead of noticing only the beginning of older age approaching me，I now focus on what my body is capable of，appreciate the small changes，and I've learned to stand with more （10）　 　 .As for the imperfections？They're part of being alive.
（1） A.make up B.sign up C.take up D.stand up
（2） A.flexible B.strong C.energetic D.slim
（3） A.relaxing B.inspiring C.demanding D.rewarding
（4） A.forgotten B.ignored C.realized D.anticipated
（5） A.change B.maintain C.challenge D.limit
（6） A.argued B.cared C.complained D.dreamed
（7） A.effort B.courage C.passion D.perfection
（8） A.appearing B.struggling C.pretending D.promising
（9） A.recall B.recover C.rethink D.restrict
（10） A.confidence B.experience C.strength D.excitement
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．（2025春 丰台区期中） Whether in the home or the workplace，social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way，said Cynthia Breazeal，chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.
While household robots today do the normal housework，social robots will be much more like companions （同伴） than mere tools.For example，these robots will be able to tell when someone is happy or sad.This allows them to respond more properly to the user.
The Jibo robot，arranged to ship later this year，is designed to be a personalized assistant.You can talk to the robot，ask it questions，and make requests for it to perform different tasks.The robot doesn't just deliver general answers to questions；it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household.It can do things such as reminding （提醒） an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.
Social robots are not just finding their way into the home.They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.
Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market.The company's "Oshbot" robot is built to help customers in a store，which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the products' location in the store.It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.
The more interaction the robot has with humans，the more it learns.But Oshbot，like other social robots，is not intended to replace workers，but to work alongside other employees. "We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us，but with us，" said Breazeal.
（1）How are social robots different from household robots？　 　
A.They have their feelings.
B.They are more like humans.
C.They do the normal housework.
D.They respond to users more slowly.
（2）What can Oshbot work as？　 　
A.A language teacher.
B.A tour guide.
C.A private nurse.
D.A shop assistant.
（3）We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will 　 　 .
A.train employees
B.improve technologies
C.be our workmates
D.take the place of workers
（4）What does the passage mainly talk about？　 　
A.An introduction to social robots.
B.Marketing methods for social robots.
C.Information on household robots.
D.A new design idea of household robots.
3．（2025春 丰台区期中）
Deep Sea：To Mine Or Not To Mine
A robot as large as a truck moves along the bottom of the deep sea.It eats metallic （含金属的） rock and soft mud.They travel up a long pipe to a ship，where workers and machinery separate out the rock and throw the mud back into the ocean.This is a mining operation.The rock contains a mixture of metals，including ones called rare earth metals.People use these materials to make batteries and electronics like computers and phones.
Deep﹣sea mining hasn't happened yet.But it probably will occur within the next decade.No country owns any part of the deep sea，so a UN organization called the International Seabed Authority （ISA） decides who is allowed to mine there.It has allowed 29 organizations to explore the deep sea and make plans for mining，one of which plans to begin mining in the year 2027.
Scientists and environmentalists，though，warn that mining could destroy deep﹣sea ecosystem.In 1989，ecologist Hjalmar Thiel carried out a test.His team searched the seafloor of the Pacific Ocean，in a spot with lots of the metallic rocks that miners wanted.They didn't actually collect any of the rocks.But they disturbed the mud，just as a mining operation would.The cloud of mud fell back down over the ocean floor burying creatures living there.Up to now，the area they disturbed has not recovered.Signs of the search are still there.Deep sea creatures like sponges and corals have not moved back in.That means mining could have detrimental，long﹣lasting consequences for deep ocean life.Scientists want to understand the deep sea better before disturbing it.
Leaving the deep sea alone sounds great，but people need those metals. "Mines on land are soon going to run out，" geologist Steven Scolt of the University of Toronto told Smithsonian Magazine. "Every electronic device in the world has rare earth metals in it...we need raw resources." New energy technologies including solar and wind power and electric cars rely on these metals as well.We may need to mine them from the sea in order to switch to greener energy sources.
（1）According to the passage，why do people want to carry out deep sea mining？ 　 　
A.To test the mining robot.
B.To collect rare earth metals.
C.To separate the rock from mud.
D.To understand the deep sea better.
（2）What can we infer from the test of Hjalmar Thiel in 1989？ 　 　
A.They gathered some metallic rocks the miners wanted.
B.They helped the recovery of the disturbed mining areas.
C.They discovered the deep﹣sea mining had affected the ocean ecology.
D.They found the rare metallic rocks were harmful to sea creatures.
（3）What does the underlined word "detrimental" in Paragraph 3 most probably mean？ 　 　
A.Appealing.
B.Harmful.
C.Helpful.
D.Impressive.
（4）What is Steven Scolt's attitude towards deep﹣sea mining？ 　 　
A.Doubtful.
B.Neutral.
C.Supportive.
D.Disapproving.
4．（2024春 顺义区校级期中） Welcome to "Cash Poor Points Rich"，a new travel blog dedicated to sharing experience with credit card points and miles to help you get big travel but for small spend.With the right planning and maximization of available resources，traveling as a college student may be easier than you think.
Chengdu，China
If visiting a place with happy locals is a priority for you，there's no better city to hit than Chengdu.It is home to pandas and spicy things.Moreover，the city's abundance of cultural and historical sights，together with its laid﹣back lifestyle，make itself one of the most attractive and livable large cities too.Past travelers have spent，on average， ￥158 on meals and about a quarter of that on local transportation for one day.
Con Dao，Vietnam
Tourism is picking up in Vietnam lately，where you can travel for about 100 per day if you play your cards right.Con Dao Island Nation Park，a group of dramatic tiny islands off the southern coast，is a great destination to see sea turtles and other wildlife while exploring the area on foot.Its thick jungle will give you a good chance to uncover a paradise of your own.
Zakynthos，Greece
If you're looking for an affordable European summer beach vacation，consider Zakynthos.Food is cheap and mouthwatering.There are plenty of free things to do，although the favorite is spending time on the beautiful beaches edged by electric blue water.There are countless options for swimming in the appealing sea，along with charming villages and museums to explore.
New Orleans，U.S.
New Orleans is an incredibly unique place in the U.S.，full of fascinating history，absorbing culture，delicious food，and a constantly buzzing nightlife scene.There are actually a couple of hostels in and near the French Quarter that offer reasonable accommodation rates for students.
（1）Which city best suits people who like to meet cheerful natives？ 　 　
A．Chengdu.
B．Con Dao.
C．Zakynthos.
D．New Orleans.
（2）What do Con Dao and Zakynthos have in common？ 　 　
A．Countless local cultures.
B．Free tourist attractions.
C．Impressive sea views.
D．Large charming museums.
（3）Who may be the target readers of this passage？ 　 　
A．Parents arranging family trips.
B．Students exploring affordable destinations.
C．Elders looking for quiet destinations.
D．Businessmen seeking high﹣end hotels.
5．（2024春 海淀区校级期中） Growing up in an underdeveloped zone of Johannesburg，South Africa，MusaMotha says his surroundings weren't exactly ideal.Soccer was his favorite sport，and he fondly remembers the times he played for the local youth team.But when he was 10 years old，he injured in his left leg.This changed everything.
A bone marrow biopsy（骨髓活检） revealed Motha had osteosarcoma，a type of bone cancer，in his left leg.While his soccer injury was not the cause，it did draw attention to the already﹣present cancer.He chose the amputation（截肢） and ever since that day，he decided he was going to approach life differently—more positively，he said.
True to his word，Motha，now 26，can be seen twirling（转动） across stages around the world.He first encountered dance at a neighborhood party，where he asked a friend to teach him some modified moves."Then I danced the whole night，"he recalled.His talents did not go unnoticed；he began appearing in South African TV ads and shows.He even appeared in Drake's One Dance music video.
Motha thinks that representation needs to extend beyond the performing arts."The more we can see the disabled person in multiple aspects of life，such as helicopter pilots，engineers，chefs，choreographers and professors，the greater hope we can hold onto for a society where no one is on the margins，"he said.That's Motha's dream as well.
Though he said that dance gave him"a purpose"，he added"I don't want to see myself as a dancer only."He wants to create a space for other people with disabilities to go outside their comfort zone—from soccer to singing.He feels that greater representation will create more opportunities and inclusion，paving the way for people with disabilities to shine."Instead of telling a sob story，I find that the most beautiful stories are after the amputation，"Motha said.He encourages others with disabilities that they，too，can do everything："There's a whole lot of things that you can overcome and that actually define how strong you are."
（1）What caused the discovery of Motha's cancer？ 　 　
A.The terrible living environment.
B.The routine medical examination.
C.The accidental injury in his left leg.
D.The high amputation of his left leg.
（2）Why does Motha refuse to see himself as a dancer only？ 　 　
A.To indicate that dance is no longer his favorite.
B.To inspire the disabled to go beyond themselves.
C.To stress he hasn't gone outside his comfort zone.
D.To show off his talents in more aspects of his life.
（3）Which of the following can best describe Motha？ 　 　
A.Brave and humorous.
B.Friendly and sociable.
C.Humble and creative.
D.Optimistic and ambitious.
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．（2025春 海淀区校级期中）
Why You Should Schedule Some "Me Time" Every Day
Most people in our culture feel the need to be going all the time.If we are not working and putting our energy into something，we believe we are wasting time.We feel taking time for ourselves is a waste.And to some extent，it's true﹣pushing yourself nonstop may bring some measure of success. （1）　 　 .Stress and the inability to enjoy a little time﹣out have very real health and psychological effects，such as headaches，heart attacks，depression and poor concentration.
So，the biggest reason to take a little time out for yourself is to avoid these negative consequences of not doing so.（2）　 　 .Specifically，taking some "me" time can help you avoid bad mood and enable you to control your emotions.If you live with someone，like a spouse，children，or even a pet，they may not understand your need to take "me" time but they certainly will appreciate the way your mood has improved.Contrary to this，the lack of time to yourself can cause you to build up anger that can harm both you and your relationships.
（3）　 　 .So you must give yourself permission to take at least a half hour per day，even if it's divided，just for yourself.If you have to，set the alarm，schedule it on the calendar，or put it on your "to﹣do" list for the day.Whatever you have to do，make it happen every day.It can be as simple as sitting on the deck，reading a book，and watching the sun come up with a hot cup of coffee.In addition to that，setting boundaries is important. （4）　 　 .Also acknowledge that you need to limit the demands that other people can make on your time.
Taking a little time for yourself refreshes and re﹣energizes you.It allows you to think more clearly and make better decisions. （5）　 　 .You come to realize that you are important and deserve to have a little time to yourself.If you engage in something you enjoy during your time﹣out，you also have the satisfaction of reading that book，or writing that poem.But be careful that you use your "me" time for leisurely activities and don't push yourself to complete anything.Simply enjoy the time out.
A.Taking "me" time benefits those around you as well.
B.Actually it is not that difficult to find a little "me" time.
C.Taking "me" time also builds your self﹣worth over time.
D.It might seem easy to schedule a little "me" time，but often it isn't.
E.Realize that there are limits to what you can do，and build your life around that.
F.But more than that， "me" time can make you a better person both inside and out.
G.However，going for long periods without time for yourself may cost you in the end.
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．（2025春 大兴区期中）
A
As AI models become more integrated into our daily lives，the ability （1）　 　 （provide） clear and effective instructions will become a crucial skill.Therefore，a new field of study appears：prompt engineering.At its core，prompt engineering（2）　 　 （involve） writing prompts﹣natural language inputs that instruct AI models to produce specific outputs.While this may seem （3）　 　 （high）technical，the principles behind prompt engineering are designed to make AI more user﹣friendly.
B
Harry Peksa，a nine﹣year﹣old boy，plans to cycle across Scotland this summer to collect money for charity.Last year，Harry and his dad （4）　 　 （ride） their bikes for about 1，300 miles， （5）　 　 （raise） 5，080 for a good cause.Interestingly， （6）　 　 keeps him going is the promise of a cheeseburger at the end of the journey.Harry's adventure proves that with great courage and （7）　 　 （determine），kids can make a big difference.
C
Kunqu，originating in the Kunshan﹣Taicang area of Jiangsu Province， （8）　 　 （know） as the"teacher or ancestor of a hundred operas"in China.Kunqu has a history of nearly 600 years， （9）　 　 combines singing and acting with graceful，stylized performances.In 2001，it was declared a"Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity"by UNESCO，indicating （10）　 　 （it） unique significance and artistic value.
五．单词拼写（共10小题）
8．（2024春 西城区校级期中）A flood of people c　 　 （挤满；挤进） into the stadium，trying to get the autograph（亲笔签名） from the famous singer Luciano.
9．（2024春 西城区校级期中）Unfortunately，a horrible disaster s　 　 （侵袭；打击） him when he was in his prime.
10．（2024春 西城区校级期中）I feel so h　 　 （感到荣幸） to have this opportunity to present this award to Mr.Leonard，who makes a remarkable contribution to academia.
11．（2024春 西城区校级期中）It is self﹣evident that racial d 　 　 （歧视） is still bothering many black people，in spite of their ongoing fight for equal rights.
12．（2024春 西城区校级期中）As a city that is s　 　 in history （历史悠久），Beijing is an excellent destination for tourists.
13．（2024春 西城区校级期中）When visiting Beijing，don't miss the renowned d 　 　 （美味），Beijing Roast Duck.
14．（2024春 西城区校级期中）Caitlin Clark fulfilled her a 　 　 （抱负） to break Stephen Curry's record in NCAA.
15．（2024春 海淀区校级期中）In the near future we can live in a smart home that can 　 　 （综合）computers into the structure of the building itself.
16．（2024春 海淀区校级月考）She has been whole﹣heartedly c 　 　 to environmental protection.（忠于，承诺，投入）（根据中英文提示填空）
17．（2024春 海淀区校级月考）Both the l 　 　 and tourists like to use shared bikes because bike﹣sharing is a cheap and easy way to save energy reduce air and noise pollution，and enjoy the benefits of exercise in cities.（当地人）（根据中英文提示填空）
六．书面表达（共1小题）
18．（2024春 顺义区校级期中）假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。目前，北京市动物园正在为一只熊猫宝宝全球征名，请给你的英国笔友 Jim写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
（1）介绍活动；
（2）邀请参加。
注意：
（1）词数 100左右；
（2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
_______
Yours，
Li Hua
北京市2024-2025学年高一下学期英语期末模拟预测卷
参考答案与试题解析
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．（2025 通州区一模） By my early 40s，I had exhausted all the hobbies that were supposed to make me feel better about entering middle age.And then，at the height of my low﹣grade desperation，I decided to （1）　B　 for a ballet class.
"But you re not very （2）　A　 ，"my husband gently reminded me.He wasn't wrong.I nearly injured myself when I tried to stretch my leg.Also，I could see how I didn't exactly look like promising ballerina material.But I was determined to give it a try，because I needed confirmation that my body was capable of movement and grace.
Although I'd expected my classes to be physically （3）　C　 and my leg muscles to ache，I hadn't （4）　D　 that the experience in the ballet studio would bring a certain joy，and my teacher's command to"take up more space"would （5）　A　 my way of being in the world.
When I （6）　C　 about my lack of grace in the simple act of pointing and extending my foot to the side，my teacher reminded me that ballet isn't about （7）　D　 .Rather，he said，it's about （8）　B　 to be better.As a writer who polishes sentences all day with the hope that they will approximate the beautiful，perfect construct in her mind，this felt like the best，most valuable writing advice I'd ever received.
If anything，ballet is forcing me to （9）　C　 my relationship with my body.Instead of noticing only the beginning of older age approaching me，I now focus on what my body is capable of，appreciate the small changes，and I've learned to stand with more （10）　A　 .As for the imperfections？They're part of being alive.
（1） A.make up B.sign up C.take up D.stand up
（2） A.flexible B.strong C.energetic D.slim
（3） A.relaxing B.inspiring C.demanding D.rewarding
（4） A.forgotten B.ignored C.realized D.anticipated
（5） A.change B.maintain C.challenge D.limit
（6） A.argued B.cared C.complained D.dreamed
（7） A.effort B.courage C.passion D.perfection
（8） A.appearing B.struggling C.pretending D.promising
（9） A.recall B.recover C.rethink D.restrict
（10） A.confidence B.experience C.strength D.excitement
【答案】 （1）﹣（5）BACDA （6）﹣（10）CDBCA
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍作者在中年时期报名参加芭蕾课程，从中获得感悟与成长的经历。
【解答】（1）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.make up组成，编造；B.sign up报名；C.take up开始从事，占据；D.stand up站起来。句意：然后，在我极度绝望的时候，我决定报名参加一个芭蕾课程。根据下文"But I was determined to give it a try"可知，作者决定尝试芭蕾，所以此处应是"报名"参加课程。故选B项。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.flexible灵活的；B.strong强壮的；C.energetic精力充沛的；D.slim苗条的。句意："但是你不太灵活，"我的丈夫温柔地提醒我。根据下文"He wasn't wrong.I nearly injured myself when I tried to stretch my leg."可知，作者在拉伸腿时差点受伤，说明作者身体不太"灵活"。故选A项。
（3）考查形容词及语境理解。A.relaxing放松的；B.inspiring鼓舞人心的；C.demanding要求高的；D.rewarding有回报的。句意：虽然我预料到芭蕾课程对体力要求很高，我的腿部肌肉会酸痛，但我没有预料到在芭蕾工作室的经历会带来某种快乐，而且老师"占据更多空间"的指令会改变我在这个世界的存在方式。根据下文"my leg muscles to ache"可知，芭蕾课程会让腿部肌肉酸痛，说明其对体力"要求很高"。故选C项。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.forgotten忘记；B.ignored忽视；C.realized意识到；D.anticipated预料。句意：虽然我预料到芭蕾课程对体力要求很高，我的腿部肌肉会酸痛，但我没有预料到在芭蕾工作室的经历会带来某种快乐，而且老师"占据更多空间"的指令会改变我在这个世界的存在方式。根据上文"Although I'd expected my classes to be physically（3）and my leg muscles to ache"可知，此处与前文的"expected"形成对比，说明作者没有"预料"到芭蕾课程会带来快乐和改变。故选D项。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.change改变；B.maintain维持；C.challenge挑战；D.limit限制。句意：虽然我预料到芭蕾课程对体力要求很高，我的腿部肌肉会酸痛，但我没有预料到在芭蕾工作室的经历会带来某种快乐，而且老师 "占据更多空间"的指令会改变我在这个世界的存在方式。根据后文"If anything，ballet is forcing me to（9）my relationship with my body.Instead of noticing only the beginning of older age approaching me，I now focus on what my body is capable of，appreciate the small changes，and I've learned to stand with more（10）."可知，作者对自己身体态度发生了转变，由此可知，芭蕾课程"改变"了作者在世界中的存在方式。故选A项。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.argued争论；B.cared关心；C.complained抱怨；D.dreamed梦想。句意：当我抱怨自己在简单的绷脚和向旁伸腿动作中缺乏优雅时，我的老师提醒我，芭蕾不是追求完美。根据下文的"about my lack of grace in the simple act of pointing and extending my foot to the side"可知，作者对自己动作缺乏优雅不满意，所以是"抱怨"。故选C项。
（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.effort努力；B.courage勇气；C.passion热情；D.perfection完美。句意：当我抱怨自己在简单的绷脚和向旁伸腿动作中缺乏优雅时，我的老师提醒我，芭蕾不是追求完美。根据后文"As a writer who polishes sentences all day with the hope that they will approximate the beautiful，perfect construct in her mind，this felt like the best，most valuable writing advice I'd ever received."可知，作者作为作家总是在追求完美，而此处是作者听到芭蕾老师说的话后的自我反思，由此可推断，此处指的是芭蕾老师认为芭蕾重点不是"完美"，而是努力变得更好。故选D项。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.appearing出现；B.struggling努力；C.pretending假装；D.promising承诺。句意：相反，他说，芭蕾是努力变得更好。根据上文"When I（6）about my lack of grace in the simple act of pointing and extending my foot to the side，my teacher reminded me that ballet isn't about（7）."可知，作者在做动作时总抱怨自己的动作缺乏优雅时，老师告诉她芭蕾不是追求完美，结合Rather可知，此处应是芭蕾是"努力"变得更好，struggle to do sth.表示"努力做某事"。故选B项。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.recall回忆；B.recover恢复；C.rethink重新思考；D.restrict限制。句意：如果说有什么不同的话，芭蕾迫使我重新思考我与自己身体的关系。根据下文"Instead of noticing only the beginning of older age approaching me，I now focus on what my body is capable of"可知，作者不再只关注年龄增长，而是关注身体的能力，说明作者"重新思考"了与身体的关系。故选C项。
（10）考查名词及语境理解。A.confidence自信；B.experience经验；C.strength力量；D.excitement兴奋。句意：我不再只注意到衰老的开始，现在我关注我的身体能做什么，欣赏这些微小的变化，我也学会了更自信地站立。根据上文"Instead of noticing only the beginning of older age approaching me，I now focus on what my body is capable of，appreciate the small changes"可知，作者对自己身体态度的转变，从关注衰老到关注身体能力，由此可推断，作者学会了更"自信"地站立。故选A项。
【点评】做完形填空题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是非常重要的一个步骤。通过短文所提供的信息，借助语感及相关知识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。在通读全文，了解大意的基础上，便可着手答题。根据习惯用法、固定搭配，并从上下文中找关键性暗示，注意前后对照，逐句精读，逐题分析选项。所有的答案选出之后，应再次通读全文，对所选的答案进行核实调整。
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．（2025春 丰台区期中） Whether in the home or the workplace，social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way，said Cynthia Breazeal，chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.
While household robots today do the normal housework，social robots will be much more like companions （同伴） than mere tools.For example，these robots will be able to tell when someone is happy or sad.This allows them to respond more properly to the user.
The Jibo robot，arranged to ship later this year，is designed to be a personalized assistant.You can talk to the robot，ask it questions，and make requests for it to perform different tasks.The robot doesn't just deliver general answers to questions；it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household.It can do things such as reminding （提醒） an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.
Social robots are not just finding their way into the home.They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.
Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market.The company's "Oshbot" robot is built to help customers in a store，which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the products' location in the store.It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.
The more interaction the robot has with humans，the more it learns.But Oshbot，like other social robots，is not intended to replace workers，but to work alongside other employees. "We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us，but with us，" said Breazeal.
（1）How are social robots different from household robots？　B　
A.They have their feelings.
B.They are more like humans.
C.They do the normal housework.
D.They respond to users more slowly.
（2）What can Oshbot work as？　D　
A.A language teacher.
B.A tour guide.
C.A private nurse.
D.A shop assistant.
（3）We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will 　C　 .
A.train employees
B.improve technologies
C.be our workmates
D.take the place of workers
（4）What does the passage mainly talk about？　A　
A.An introduction to social robots.
B.Marketing methods for social robots.
C.Information on household robots.
D.A new design idea of household robots.
【答案】BDCA
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了社会机器人的功能与作用。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据文中第二段While household robots today do the normal housework，social robots will be much more like companions （同伴） than mere tools.For example，these robots will be able to tell when someone is happy or sad.This allows them to respond more properly to the user.（虽然今天的家用机器人会做正常的家务，但社交机器人将更像是伴侣，而不仅仅是工具。例如，这些机器人将能够判断某人何时快乐或悲伤。这使他们能够更恰当地回应用户。）可知，社会机器人更像人。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第五段The company's "Oshbot" robot is built to help customers in a store，which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the products' location in the store.It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.（该公司的"Oshbot"机器人是为了帮助商店里的顾客而设计的，它可以帮助顾客找到商品，并帮助引导他们找到商品在商店里的位置。它还可以说不同的语言，并根据客户的购物需求为不同的商品提供建议。）可知，"Oshbot"机器人可以作店员。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段Breazeal的话We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us，but with us（我们有技术来训练社交机器人，让它们不是为我们做事，而是和我们一起做事）可以推断出，社会机器人可以和我们作同事。故选C。
（4）主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了社会机器人的功能与作用。故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
3．（2025春 丰台区期中）
Deep Sea：To Mine Or Not To Mine
A robot as large as a truck moves along the bottom of the deep sea.It eats metallic （含金属的） rock and soft mud.They travel up a long pipe to a ship，where workers and machinery separate out the rock and throw the mud back into the ocean.This is a mining operation.The rock contains a mixture of metals，including ones called rare earth metals.People use these materials to make batteries and electronics like computers and phones.
Deep﹣sea mining hasn't happened yet.But it probably will occur within the next decade.No country owns any part of the deep sea，so a UN organization called the International Seabed Authority （ISA） decides who is allowed to mine there.It has allowed 29 organizations to explore the deep sea and make plans for mining，one of which plans to begin mining in the year 2027.
Scientists and environmentalists，though，warn that mining could destroy deep﹣sea ecosystem.In 1989，ecologist Hjalmar Thiel carried out a test.His team searched the seafloor of the Pacific Ocean，in a spot with lots of the metallic rocks that miners wanted.They didn't actually collect any of the rocks.But they disturbed the mud，just as a mining operation would.The cloud of mud fell back down over the ocean floor burying creatures living there.Up to now，the area they disturbed has not recovered.Signs of the search are still there.Deep sea creatures like sponges and corals have not moved back in.That means mining could have detrimental，long﹣lasting consequences for deep ocean life.Scientists want to understand the deep sea better before disturbing it.
Leaving the deep sea alone sounds great，but people need those metals. "Mines on land are soon going to run out，" geologist Steven Scolt of the University of Toronto told Smithsonian Magazine. "Every electronic device in the world has rare earth metals in it...we need raw resources." New energy technologies including solar and wind power and electric cars rely on these metals as well.We may need to mine them from the sea in order to switch to greener energy sources.
（1）According to the passage，why do people want to carry out deep sea mining？ 　B　
A.To test the mining robot.
B.To collect rare earth metals.
C.To separate the rock from mud.
D.To understand the deep sea better.
（2）What can we infer from the test of Hjalmar Thiel in 1989？ 　C　
A.They gathered some metallic rocks the miners wanted.
B.They helped the recovery of the disturbed mining areas.
C.They discovered the deep﹣sea mining had affected the ocean ecology.
D.They found the rare metallic rocks were harmful to sea creatures.
（3）What does the underlined word "detrimental" in Paragraph 3 most probably mean？ 　B　
A.Appealing.
B.Harmful.
C.Helpful.
D.Impressive.
（4）What is Steven Scolt's attitude towards deep﹣sea mining？ 　C　
A.Doubtful.
B.Neutral.
C.Supportive.
D.Disapproving.
【答案】BCBC
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了深海采矿作业给海洋环境带来的危害和必要性。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段A robot as large as a truck moves along the bottom of the deep sea.（一个卡车大小的机器人沿着深海底部移动。）和This is a mining operation.The rock contains a mixture of metals，including ones called rare earth metals.（这是一个采矿作业。这种岩石含有多种金属，其中包括一种叫做稀土金属的金属）可知，深海采矿作业是为了获得稀土金属。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。由文章第三段But they disturbed the mud，just as a mining operation would.The cloud of mud fell back down over the ocean floor burying creatures living there.Up to now，the area they disturbed has not recovered.Signs of the search are still there.Deep sea creatures like sponges and corals have not moved back in.That means mining could have detrimental，long﹣lasting consequences for deep ocean life.Scientists want to understand the deep sea better before disturbing it.（但他们扰乱了泥浆，就像采矿作业一样。泥云落在海底，埋葬了生活在那里的生物。到目前为止，他们扰乱的地区还没有恢复。搜寻的迹象仍然存在。海绵和珊瑚等深海生物还没有搬回来。这意味着采矿可能对深海生物产生有害的、长期的后果。科学家希望在干扰深海之前更好地了解它。）可知，海底采矿会影响海洋生态系统。故选C。
（3）词义猜测题。根据第三段Deep sea creatures like sponges and corals have not moved back in.That means mining could have detrimental，long﹣lasting consequences for deep ocean life.Scientists want to understand the deep sea better before disturbing it.（海绵和珊瑚等深海生物还没有搬回来。这意味着采矿可能会对深海生物产生有害的长期影响。科学家们希望在打扰深海之前更好地了解它。）可知划线词意思是"有害的"。A.Appealing吸引人的；B.Harmful有害的；C.Helpful有帮助的；D.Impressive印象深刻的。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。由文章最后一段Leaving the deep sea alone sounds great，but people need those metals. "Mines on land are soon going to run out，" geologist Steven Scolt of the University of Toronto told Smithsonian Magazine. "Every electronic device in the world has rare earth metals in it...we need raw resources." （离开深海听起来很棒，但人们需要这些金属。多伦多大学的地质学家史蒂文 斯考特告诉史密森尼杂志："陆地上的矿很快就会耗尽。世界上每一个电子设备都含有稀土金属……我们需要原材料。"）可知，他对海底采矿是支持的。故选C。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
4．（2024春 顺义区校级期中） Welcome to "Cash Poor Points Rich"，a new travel blog dedicated to sharing experience with credit card points and miles to help you get big travel but for small spend.With the right planning and maximization of available resources，traveling as a college student may be easier than you think.
Chengdu，China
If visiting a place with happy locals is a priority for you，there's no better city to hit than Chengdu.It is home to pandas and spicy things.Moreover，the city's abundance of cultural and historical sights，together with its laid﹣back lifestyle，make itself one of the most attractive and livable large cities too.Past travelers have spent，on average， ￥158 on meals and about a quarter of that on local transportation for one day.
Con Dao，Vietnam
Tourism is picking up in Vietnam lately，where you can travel for about 100 per day if you play your cards right.Con Dao Island Nation Park，a group of dramatic tiny islands off the southern coast，is a great destination to see sea turtles and other wildlife while exploring the area on foot.Its thick jungle will give you a good chance to uncover a paradise of your own.
Zakynthos，Greece
If you're looking for an affordable European summer beach vacation，consider Zakynthos.Food is cheap and mouthwatering.There are plenty of free things to do，although the favorite is spending time on the beautiful beaches edged by electric blue water.There are countless options for swimming in the appealing sea，along with charming villages and museums to explore.
New Orleans，U.S.
New Orleans is an incredibly unique place in the U.S.，full of fascinating history，absorbing culture，delicious food，and a constantly buzzing nightlife scene.There are actually a couple of hostels in and near the French Quarter that offer reasonable accommodation rates for students.
（1）Which city best suits people who like to meet cheerful natives？ 　A　
A．Chengdu.
B．Con Dao.
C．Zakynthos.
D．New Orleans.
（2）What do Con Dao and Zakynthos have in common？ 　C　
A．Countless local cultures.
B．Free tourist attractions.
C．Impressive sea views.
D．Large charming museums.
（3）Who may be the target readers of this passage？ 　B　
A．Parents arranging family trips.
B．Students exploring affordable destinations.
C．Elders looking for quiet destinations.
D．Businessmen seeking high﹣end hotels.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了一些价格亲民的旅游地，帮助人们花最少的钱实现旅游。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据Chengdu，China部分的If visiting a place with happy locals is a priority for you，there's no better city to hit than Chengdu（如果你优先考虑去一个有快乐当地人的地方，那么没有比成都更好的城市了）可知，成都是最适合想要遇见悠闲、无忧无虑本地人的人。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据Con Dao，Vietnam部分的Con Dao Island Nation Park，a group of dramatic tiny islands off the southern coast，is a great destination to see sea turtles and other wildlife while exploring the area on foot（康岛国家公园是南部海岸外一组引人注目的小岛，是徒步探索该地区时观赏海龟和其他野生动物的绝佳目的地）以及Zakynthos，Greece部分的There are plenty of free things to do，although the favorite is spending time on the beautiful beaches edged by electric blue water（这里有很多免费的事情可以做，尽管最受欢迎的是在蔚蓝的海水边美丽的海滩上度过时光）可知，在Con Dao，Vietnam和Zakynthos，Greece两地都可以看到迷人的海景。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段的With the right planning and maximization of available resources，traveling as a college student may be easier than you think（只要计划得当，最大限度地利用现有资源，大学生旅行可能比你想象的要容易得多）以及每段中都体现出该旅游地的实惠和便宜。因此推断探索经济实惠的目的地的学生最有可能是目标读者，故选B。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
5．（2024春 海淀区校级期中） Growing up in an underdeveloped zone of Johannesburg，South Africa，MusaMotha says his surroundings weren't exactly ideal.Soccer was his favorite sport，and he fondly remembers the times he played for the local youth team.But when he was 10 years old，he injured in his left leg.This changed everything.
A bone marrow biopsy（骨髓活检） revealed Motha had osteosarcoma，a type of bone cancer，in his left leg.While his soccer injury was not the cause，it did draw attention to the already﹣present cancer.He chose the amputation（截肢） and ever since that day，he decided he was going to approach life differently—more positively，he said.
True to his word，Motha，now 26，can be seen twirling（转动） across stages around the world.He first encountered dance at a neighborhood party，where he asked a friend to teach him some modified moves."Then I danced the whole night，"he recalled.His talents did not go unnoticed；he began appearing in South African TV ads and shows.He even appeared in Drake's One Dance music video.
Motha thinks that representation needs to extend beyond the performing arts."The more we can see the disabled person in multiple aspects of life，such as helicopter pilots，engineers，chefs，choreographers and professors，the greater hope we can hold onto for a society where no one is on the margins，"he said.That's Motha's dream as well.
Though he said that dance gave him"a purpose"，he added"I don't want to see myself as a dancer only."He wants to create a space for other people with disabilities to go outside their comfort zone—from soccer to singing.He feels that greater representation will create more opportunities and inclusion，paving the way for people with disabilities to shine."Instead of telling a sob story，I find that the most beautiful stories are after the amputation，"Motha said.He encourages others with disabilities that they，too，can do everything："There's a whole lot of things that you can overcome and that actually define how strong you are."
（1）What caused the discovery of Motha's cancer？ 　C　
A.The terrible living environment.
B.The routine medical examination.
C.The accidental injury in his left leg.
D.The high amputation of his left leg.
（2）Why does Motha refuse to see himself as a dancer only？ 　B　
A.To indicate that dance is no longer his favorite.
B.To inspire the disabled to go beyond themselves.
C.To stress he hasn't gone outside his comfort zone.
D.To show off his talents in more aspects of his life.
（3）Which of the following can best describe Motha？ 　D　
A.Brave and humorous.
B.Friendly and sociable.
C.Humble and creative.
D.Optimistic and ambitious.
【答案】CBD
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个叫Musa Motha的人在自己确诊骨肉瘤之后积极对待生活，选择了走上跳舞的舞台的故事。在有了自己的成功之后，他希望能够鼓励更多的残疾人走出舒适圈，展现自己的能力，得到社会的认可。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中的But when he was 10 years old，he injured in his left leg.This changed everything. （但是当他10岁的时候，他的左腿受伤了。这改变了一切。）和第二段中的A bone marrow biopsy （骨髓活检） revealed Motha had osteosarcoma，a type of bone cancer，in his left leg. （骨髓活组织检查显示，Motha的左腿患有骨肉瘤，这是一种骨癌。）可知，Motha10岁时左腿受伤，在左腿检查时发现了骨癌。因此，他的疾病是因为他左腿受伤后做检查时发现的，是一个意外的发现。故选C项。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中"I don't want to see myself as a dancer only." He wants to create a space for other people with disabilities to go outside their comfort zone—from soccer to singing. （"我不想把自己仅仅看作一个舞者。"他想为其他残疾人创造一个走出舒适区的自由空间——从踢足球到唱歌。）可知，Motha拒绝把自己只是看作一个舞者是因为他想激励其他残疾人走出舒适圈，超越自己。故选B项。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的He chose the amputation（截肢） and ever since that day，he decided he was going to approach life differently—more positively，he said. （他选择了截肢，从那天起，他决定要以不同的方式对待生活——更积极地，他说。）可知，他选择了截肢，并决定积极地生活，这体现了他的勇敢乐观；文章最后一段中的He wants to create a space for other people with disabilities to go outside their comfort zone—from soccer to singing.He feels that greater representation will create more opportunities and inclusion，paving the way for people with disabilities to shine. （他想为其他残疾人创造一个空间，走出他们的舒适区——从足球到唱歌。他认为，更大的代表性将创造更多的机会和包容，为残疾人的闪耀铺平道路。）可知，这体现了他的抱负。选项D"乐观又有志向"符合对他的描述。故选D项。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．（2025春 海淀区校级期中）
Why You Should Schedule Some "Me Time" Every Day
Most people in our culture feel the need to be going all the time.If we are not working and putting our energy into something，we believe we are wasting time.We feel taking time for ourselves is a waste.And to some extent，it's true﹣pushing yourself nonstop may bring some measure of success. （1）　G　 .Stress and the inability to enjoy a little time﹣out have very real health and psychological effects，such as headaches，heart attacks，depression and poor concentration.
So，the biggest reason to take a little time out for yourself is to avoid these negative consequences of not doing so.（2）　F　 .Specifically，taking some "me" time can help you avoid bad mood and enable you to control your emotions.If you live with someone，like a spouse，children，or even a pet，they may not understand your need to take "me" time but they certainly will appreciate the way your mood has improved.Contrary to this，the lack of time to yourself can cause you to build up anger that can harm both you and your relationships.
（3）　D　 .So you must give yourself permission to take at least a half hour per day，even if it's divided，just for yourself.If you have to，set the alarm，schedule it on the calendar，or put it on your "to﹣do" list for the day.Whatever you have to do，make it happen every day.It can be as simple as sitting on the deck，reading a book，and watching the sun come up with a hot cup of coffee.In addition to that，setting boundaries is important. （4）　E　 .Also acknowledge that you need to limit the demands that other people can make on your time.
Taking a little time for yourself refreshes and re﹣energizes you.It allows you to think more clearly and make better decisions. （5）　C　 .You come to realize that you are important and deserve to have a little time to yourself.If you engage in something you enjoy during your time﹣out，you also have the satisfaction of reading that book，or writing that poem.But be careful that you use your "me" time for leisurely activities and don't push yourself to complete anything.Simply enjoy the time out.
A.Taking "me" time benefits those around you as well.
B.Actually it is not that difficult to find a little "me" time.
C.Taking "me" time also builds your self﹣worth over time.
D.It might seem easy to schedule a little "me" time，but often it isn't.
E.Realize that there are limits to what you can do，and build your life around that.
F.But more than that， "me" time can make you a better person both inside and out.
G.However，going for long periods without time for yourself may cost you in the end.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文为应用文。文章说明了在生活中，除了工作以外，我们需要留时间给自己休息，避免不休息带来的消极后果，以及我们可以利用休息时间让自己恢复活力，逐渐建立自我价值。
【解答】（1）G．逻辑关系题。上文"We feel taking time for ourselves is a waste.And to some extent，it's true—pushing yourself nonstop may bring some measure of success.（我们觉得把时间留给自己是一种浪费。在某种程度上，这是真的﹣﹣﹣不停地逼迫自己可能会带来某种程度的成功。）"说明了我们觉得自己要不断地努力工作；G选项"However，going for long periods without time for yourself may cost you in the end.（然而，如果长时间没有自己的时间，最终可能会让你付出代价。）"与上文为转折关系，表示如果继续不留时间给自己休息，会导致什么样的结果；后文"Stress and the inability to enjoy a little time﹣out have very real health and psychological effects，such as headaches，heart attacks，depression and poor concentration.（压力和无法享受短暂的休息对健康和心理都有很大的影响，比如头痛、心脏病、抑郁和注意力不集中。）"说明了不留时间给自己休息所带来的后果，是对G选项的补充说明。故选G项。
（2）F．推理判断题。上文"So，the biggest reason to take a little time out for yourself is to avoid these negative consequences of not doing so.（所以，花点时间休息一下的最大原因是为了避免不休息带来的消极后果。）"说明了花时间休息的原因；F选项"But more than that， "me" time can make you a better person both inside and out.（但更重要的是，"自我"时间可以让你从内到外都成为一个更好的人。）"起到对上文的顺承作用，进一步说明了休息的更重要的另一个原因；下文"Specifically，taking some "me" time can help you avoid bad mood and enable you to control your emotions.（具体地说，花一些"自我"时间可以帮助你避免坏情绪，让你能够控制自己的情绪。）"说明了拥有"自我"时间的好处，对F选项起到了解释说明作用。故选F项。
（3）D．推理判断题。D选项"It might seem easy to schedule a little "me" time，but often it isn't.（安排一点属于自己的时间似乎很容易，但往往不是这样。）"说明了给自己安排时间不容易，与下文构成因果关系（表示因果关系的单词So为标志）；下文"So you must give yourself permission to take at least a half hour per day，even if it's divided，just for yourself.（所以你必须允许自己每天至少花半小时的时间，即使是分开的，也要只花给自己。）" 说明了给自己留时间的方法，对D选项提到的给自己安排时间不容易提供了解决方法：必须允许自己至少留半个小时，即使是零碎的时间也可以。故选D项。
（4）E．逻辑关系题。上文"In addition to that，setting boundaries is important.（除此之外，设定界限也很重要。）"说明了界限的重要性；E选项"Realize that there are limits to what you can do，and build your life around that.（你要意识到你能做的事情是有限的，然后围绕这一点来建立你的生活。）"中"there are limits to what you can do"与上文的"boundaries"意义相近，都提到了界限，与上文呼应；同时E选项与下文"Also acknowledge that you need to limit the demands that other people can make on your time.（同时也要意识到你需要限制别人对你时间的要求。）"也相呼应，同样提及界限；E选项起到承上启下的作用。故选E项。
（5）C．推理判断题。上文"Taking a little time for yourself refreshes and re﹣energizes you.It allows you to think more clearly and make better decisions.（给自己留点时间可以让自己恢复活力。它能让你思考得更清楚，做出更好的决定。）"说明了给自己留时间的好处；C选项"Taking "me" time also builds your self﹣worth over time.（利用"自我"时间也能逐渐建立你的自我价值。）"也说明了给自己留时间的好处（句中的"also"呼应上文），能够逐渐建立自己的自我价值；下文"If you engage in something you enjoy during your time﹣out，you also have the satisfaction of reading that book，or writing that poem.But be careful that you use your "me" time for leisurely activities and don't push yourself to complete anything.（如果你在空闲时间从事一些你喜欢的事情，你也会从读那本书或写那首诗中获得满足。但是要注意，你要把你的"自我"时间用于休闲活动，不要强迫自己完成任何事情。）"对C选项起到承接作用，说明了自我价值的建立应该做一些休闲，让自己享受时光的事情。故选C项。
【点评】首先要通读全文，了解文章大意．通读答案，找出相对应的关键词．根据文章整体结构，具体内容、结合关键词，将选项填入文中。
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．（2025春 大兴区期中）
A
As AI models become more integrated into our daily lives，the ability （1）　to provide　 （provide） clear and effective instructions will become a crucial skill.Therefore，a new field of study appears：prompt engineering.At its core，prompt engineering（2）　involves　 （involve） writing prompts﹣natural language inputs that instruct AI models to produce specific outputs.While this may seem （3）　highly　 （high）technical，the principles behind prompt engineering are designed to make AI more user﹣friendly.
B
Harry Peksa，a nine﹣year﹣old boy，plans to cycle across Scotland this summer to collect money for charity.Last year，Harry and his dad （4）　rode　 （ride） their bikes for about 1，300 miles， （5）　raising　 （raise） 5，080 for a good cause.Interestingly， （6）　what　 keeps him going is the promise of a cheeseburger at the end of the journey.Harry's adventure proves that with great courage and （7）　determination　 （determine），kids can make a big difference.
C
Kunqu，originating in the Kunshan﹣Taicang area of Jiangsu Province， （8）　is known　 （know） as the"teacher or ancestor of a hundred operas"in China.Kunqu has a history of nearly 600 years， （9）　which　 combines singing and acting with graceful，stylized performances.In 2001，it was declared a"Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity"by UNESCO，indicating （10）　its　 （it） unique significance and artistic value.
【答案】（1）to provide（2）involves（3）highly（4）rode（5）raising（6）what（7）determination（8）is known（9）which（10）its
【分析】A 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是随着AI模型日益融入我们的日常生活，提供清晰有效指令的能力变得至关重要，由此催生了一个新的研究领域——提示工程。
B 本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍九岁男孩 Harry Peksa 计划今夏骑行穿越苏格兰为慈善筹款及其过往善举。
C 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了昆曲的起源、历史、表演形式及其重要的艺术价值。
【解答】（1）考查动词不定式。句意：随着人工智能模型越来越多地融入我们的日常生活，提供清晰有效指令的能力将成为一项关键技能。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词 ability，the ability to do sth.表示"做某事的能力"是习惯用法，此处使用动词不定式形式to provide。故填to provide。
（2）考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从核心上讲，提示工程涉及编写提示——即指示人工智能模型产生特定输出的自然语言输入。此处为谓语动词，结合句意，此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语prompt engineering为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填involves。
（3）考查副词。句意：虽然这可能看起来非常专业，但提示工程背后的原则旨在让人工智能更便于用户使用。此处应用副词修饰形容词technical，high的副词形式为highly，表示"非常；很"符合句意。故填 highly。
（4）考查时态。句意：去年，Harry 和他的爸爸骑行了大约1300英里，为一项公益事业筹集了5080 英镑。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语Last year可知，句子描述的是过去发生的动作，应使用一般过去时，ride的过去式为 rode。故填rode。
（5）考查现在分词。句意：去年，Harry 和他的爸爸骑行了大约1300英里，为一项公益事业筹集了5080 英镑。句中已有谓语动词 rode，且无连词连接，所以此处用非谓语动词，Harry and his dad与raise之间是主动关系，所以使用现在分词作状语。故填raising。
（6）考查主语从句。句意：有趣的是，让他坚持下去的是旅程结束时能吃到芝士汉堡的承诺。此处为连接词引导的主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示 "……的事情"，所以用连接代词what引导主语从句。故填what。
（7）考查名词。句意：Harry 的冒险证明，只要有巨大的勇气和决心，孩子们也能带来很大的改变。根据 and可知，此处与courage为并列关系，作介词with的宾语，应用名词形式，determine的名词形式为determination，意为"决心"为不可数名词。故填 determination。
（8）考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：昆曲起源于江苏省昆山—太仓地区，在中国被誉为"百戏之师"或"百戏之祖"。此处为谓语动词，描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；句子主语Kunqu与know之间为被动关系，所以要用一般现在时的被动语态；主语 Kunqu是单数，be动词用is，be known as意为"被称为"。故填is known。
（9）考查定语从句。句意：昆曲有近 600 年的历史，它将唱、演与优美、程式化的表演相结合。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是Kunqu，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which。故填which。
（10）考查代词。句意：2001年，它被联合国教科文组织宣布为"人类口头和非物质文化遗产代表作"，这表明了它独特的意义和艺术价值。此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词短语 unique significance and artistic value，it的形容词性物主代词为its。故填its。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词汇和语法等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境填写正确答案。
五．单词拼写（共10小题）
8．（2024春 西城区校级期中）A flood of people c　rowded　 （挤满；挤进） into the stadium，trying to get the autograph（亲笔签名） from the famous singer Luciano.
【答案】crowded
【分析】大批的人涌进体育场，想要得到著名歌手卢西亚诺的签名。
【解答】根据汉语提示"挤满；挤进"和首字母提示可知，此处为动词crowd，在句中作谓语，此句陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。
故填：crowded。
【点评】做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语及首字母明确句子所要考查的单词的拼写，再结合语法知识判断是否要对单词做出形式上的变化。
9．（2024春 西城区校级期中）Unfortunately，a horrible disaster s　truck　 （侵袭；打击） him when he was in his prime.
【答案】struck
【分析】不幸的是，当他正值盛年时，一场可怕的灾难打击了他。
【解答】设空处在主句中作谓语，根据汉语提示"侵袭，打击"和首字母提示可知，此处为动词strike，结合从句"when he was in his prime"可知，主句谓语动词为一般过去时，此空填过去式struck。
故填：struck。
【点评】做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语及首字母明确句子所要考查的单词的拼写，再结合语法知识判断是否要对单词做出形式上的变化。
10．（2024春 西城区校级期中）I feel so h　onoured　 （感到荣幸） to have this opportunity to present this award to Mr.Leonard，who makes a remarkable contribution to academia.
【答案】honoured
【分析】我很荣幸有这个机会把这个奖颁给伦纳德先生，他对学术界做出了杰出的贡献。
【解答】根据括号内词义，"感到荣幸"可译为honoured，feel是连系动词，后接形容词honoured作表语。
故填：honoured。
【点评】做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语以及首字母明确句子所要考查的单词的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词做出形式上的变化。
11．（2024春 西城区校级期中）It is self﹣evident that racial d 　iscrimination　 （歧视） is still bothering many black people，in spite of their ongoing fight for equal rights.
【答案】discrimination
【分析】不言而喻，种族歧视仍然困扰着许多黑人，尽管他们正在为平等权利而斗争。
【解答】"歧视"译为discrimination。设空处在从句中作主语，应用名词discrimination。
故填：discrimination。
【点评】对于根据首字母填空这种题，要分析句子意思，再从结构上和意义上对答案进行确定。
12．（2024春 西城区校级期中）As a city that is s　teeped　 in history （历史悠久），Beijing is an excellent destination for tourists.
【答案】steeped
【分析】作为一座历史悠久的城市，北京是一个绝佳的旅游目的地。
【解答】根据括号内词义，"历史悠久"可译为be steeped in history，是形容词短语。
故填：steeped。
【点评】做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语以及首字母明确句子所要考查的单词的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词做出形式上的变化。
13．（2024春 西城区校级期中）When visiting Beijing，don't miss the renowned d 　elicacy　 （美味），Beijing Roast Duck.
【答案】delicacy
【分析】来北京旅游时，千万不要错过著名的美食——北京烤鸭。
【解答】renowned是形容词，修饰名词，由首字母和汉语提示可知，"美味"用名词delicacy作宾语，此处是特指Beijing Roast Duck这一美味，表单数概念。
故填：delicacy。
【点评】对于根据首字母填空这种题，要分析句子意思，再从结构上和意义上对答案进行确定。
14．（2024春 西城区校级期中）Caitlin Clark fulfilled her a 　mbition　 （抱负） to break Stephen Curry's record in NCAA.
【答案】ambition
【分析】凯特琳 克拉克实现了她打破斯蒂芬 库里在美国大学体育协会（NCAA）纪录的抱负。
【解答】根据汉语提示结合首字母，考虑ambition，fulfill one's ambition 表示 "实现某人的抱负"。
故填：ambition。
【点评】于根据首字母填空这种题，要分析句子意思，再从结构上和意义上对答案进行确定。
15．（2024春 海淀区校级期中）In the near future we can live in a smart home that can 　integrate　 （综合）computers into the structure of the building itself.
【答案】integrate
【分析】在不久的将来，我们可以生活在一个智能家居中，它可以将计算机并入到建筑物本身的结构中。
【解答】根据括号内词义，"综合"可译为integrate，动词短语integrate...into意为"使……并入"，符合句意。根据"can"可知，空处应用动词原形。
故填：integrate。
【点评】做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词的拼写，再结合语法知识判断是否要对单词做出形式上的变化。
16．（2024春 海淀区校级月考）She has been whole﹣heartedly c 　ommitted　 to environmental protection.（忠于，承诺，投入）（根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】committed
【分析】她一直全心全意地致力于环境保护。
【解答】根据中英文提示可知应用形容词committed"忠于，承诺，投入"，作表语。
故填：committed。
【点评】对于根据首字母填空这种题，要分析句子意思，再从结构上和意义上对答案进行确定。
17．（2024春 海淀区校级月考）Both the l 　ocals　 and tourists like to use shared bikes because bike﹣sharing is a cheap and easy way to save energy reduce air and noise pollution，and enjoy the benefits of exercise in cities.（当地人）（根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】locals
【分析】当地人和游客都喜欢使用共享单车，因为共享单车是一种既便宜又简便的节能方式，能够减少空气和噪音污染，并在城市中享受运动带来的益处。
【解答】根据首字母以及汉语提示可知，空处需要名词local"当地人"，为可数名词。根据tourists可知，空处需要该名词的复数形式，作并列主语。
故填：locals。
【点评】做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语以及首字母明确句子所要考查的单词的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词做出形式上的变化。
六．书面表达（共1小题）
18．（2024春 顺义区校级期中）假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。目前，北京市动物园正在为一只熊猫宝宝全球征名，请给你的英国笔友 Jim写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
（1）介绍活动；
（2）邀请参加。
注意：
（1）词数 100左右；
（2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
_______
Yours，
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim，
How are you doing recently？I'm writing to tell you some information.At present，the city zoo is holding an activity whose aim is to seek a name for a young panda globally.The young panda was born in the city zoo last month.The city zoo hopes to seek a name for it，which can not only meet the characteristics of pandas，but also represent Chinese culture.People from all over the world can participate in this activity.
Since I know you are interested in animals，I sincerely invite you to join it.I wonder if you have any special thoughts about this activity.Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
【分析】高分句型一：At present，the city zoo is holding an activity whose aim is to seek a name for a young panda globally.
翻译：目前，城市动物园正在举办一项活动，其目的是在全球为一只熊猫宝宝寻找一个名字。
分析：本句运用了whose引导的限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：The city zoo hopes to seek a name for it，which can not only meet the characteristics of pandas，but also represent Chinese culture.
翻译：市动物园希望给它取一个名字，既能符合熊猫的特点，又能代表中国文化。
分析：本句运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句和"not only...but also...不但……而且……"连接对等成分。
【解答】Dear Jim，
How are you doing recently？I'm writing to tell you some information.At present，the city zoo is holding an activity whose aim is to seek a name for a young panda globally.【高分句型一】The young panda was born in the city zoo last month.The city zoo hopes to seek a name for it，which can not only meet the characteristics of pandas，but also represent Chinese culture.【高分句型二】People from all over the world can participate in this activity.（介绍活动）
Since I know you are interested in animals，I sincerely invite you to join it.I wonder if you have any special thoughts about this activity.Looking forward to your reply.（邀请参加）
Yours，
Li Hua
【点评】写作步骤：
第一步：审题，确定体裁格式、主体时态、中心人称和内容要点，避免填表式或履历表式表达。
第二步：拟定提纲；叙述得体，布局谋篇；巧妙过渡，完美结尾。
第三步：遣词造句，套用句型，上下衔接，地道表达，行文成篇。
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