【高考真题】2025年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国英语一卷）
（2025·全国一卷） 阅读理解
The greening of planes, trains and automobiles
Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2emissions (排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation – which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here's the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport.
The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled, but here are some of the solutions to get us going green.
This energy transition (变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is "a little bit mind-blowing," says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It's estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. "We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used," says Wipke.
1．What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018
A．11.6%. B．45.1%. C．74.5%. D．86.1%.
2．Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily
A．Planes. B．Trucks. C．Trains. D．Ships.
3．What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition
A．Limiting fuel consumption.
B．Putting more effort into renewables.
C．Improving energy efficiency.
D．Making electricity more affordable.
（2025·全国一卷） 阅读理解
In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who'd created these people, knew their subjects so well.
But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: "Why is writing important " Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important. This would have to change.
As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance – the ability to connect people, to put us in another's skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
4．Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1
A．Ninth graders. B．Students' parents.
C．Modern writers. D．Fictional characters.
5．Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay
A．They were not given enough time.
B．They had a very limited vocabulary.
C．They misunderstood the question.
D．They had little interest in the topic.
6．What does the underlined word "staggering" in paragraph 3 mean
A．Mixed. B．Amazing. C．Similar. D．Disturbing.
7．What does the author's experience show
A．Teaching is learning. B．Still waters run deep.
C．Knowledge is power. D．Practice makes perfect.
（2025·全国一卷） 阅读理解
While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there's too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead.
Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Br mmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets andTransform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives.
Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion "New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through." Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.
We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can't move safely around our communities The authors of Movement have it right: it's time to think differently about that street outside your front door.
8．What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1
A．Cars often get stuck on the road.
B．Traffic accidents occur frequently.
C．People walk less and drive more.
D．Pedestrians fail to follow the rules.
9．What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do
A．Keep their cities livable. B．Promote cultural diversity.
C．Help the needy families. D．Make expressways accessible.
10．What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s
A．They boosted the sales of cars.
B．They turned out largely ineffective.
C．They won government support.
D．They advocated building new parks.
11．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Why the Rush B．What's Next
C．Where to Stay D．Who to Blame
（2025·全国一卷） 阅读理解
Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth – they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.
Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes – then filtering it after it cools – could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn't include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types – polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene – and they didn't study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.
Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure – a task that's becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are – but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. "The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice," Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. "We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics."
12．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph
A．By quoting an expert. B．By defining a concept.
C．By giving examples. D．By providing statistics.
13．What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water
A．The hardness of water.
B．The length of cooling time.
C．The frequency of filtering.
D．The type of plastic in water.
14．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4
A．The importance of plastic recycling.
B．The severity of the microplastic problem.
C．The danger in overusing pure water.
D．The difficulty in treating polluted water.
15．What is Gauchotte-Lindsay's suggestion about
A．Choice of new research methods.
B．Possible direction for further study.
C．Need to involve more researchers.
D．Potential application of the findings.
（2025·全国一卷） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
An Unsung Hero
Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning The College Cafe has just that, and more. 16．
Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order. She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. 17． As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, "Hello, how is your day " Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn't let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.
Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. 18． "I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning," Murphy said. Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve.
One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. 19． "Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood," Wright said.
"I enjoy working in the cafe," Murphy said. 20． She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves.
A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B. She has two children aged eight and four. C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup. E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles. F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. G. She has served here for 17 years and can't imagine working anywhere else.
（2025·全国一卷） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn't seen daylight since my wedding.
My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 21． the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up. We had decided on key items for the 22． we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to 23． our supposedly important objects. That left a house still 24． with things that, while not particularly 25． , didn't belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场).
I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional 26． , another asking for a price cut. As our 27． day drew near, I settled on a new price ($0) and reposted it. The 28． : "I hate this vase. Maybe you won't." In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase.
29． ，I posted more. My daily posts and the 30． I received became a precious ray of light in the chaos of my house. Each exchange provided a chance to 31． the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have 32． .
I sit in my apartment today, loving each of the 33． that share our small space. I take 34． in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is 35． something that couldn't come with us.
21．A． painting over B． looking around
C． emptying out D． pulling down
22．A． hotel B． office C． cottage D． apartment
23．A． store B． display C． sell D． repair
24．A． covered B． decorated C． stuffed D． equipped
25．A． conventional B． valuable C． complicated D． tolerable
26．A． fees B． photos C． receipts D． models
27．A． move B． pay C． market D． work
28．A． warning B． request C． description D． reply
29．A． Confused B． Interested
C． Disappointed D． Encouraged
30．A． visits B． reports C． advice D． money
31．A． remove B． spare C． find D． check
32．A． investigated B． recognized C． encountered D． recommended
33．A． giveaways B． posts
C． contributions D． belongings
34．A． joy B． part C． care D． time
35．A． anticipating B． appreciating C． delivering D． withdrawing
（2025·全国一卷） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, 36． originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
Go is one of 37． earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition.
"The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art," says Tu. "We hope 38． (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism."
"In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your‘ 39． (guide)' till they lose, " explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.
"The players' personalities 40． (reveal) during the game, and one's weaknesses are exposed to the opponent," she adds. "A decent winner always 41． (try) to beat the opponent 42． no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side."
Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the 43． (strategy) placement of the pieces, 44． the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, 45． (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
46．（2025·全国一卷） 假定你是李华，你班的英语报要增设一个栏目。外教Jenny提出"Fun at my school"和"Guess who I am"两个选项供大家选择。请给 Jenny 写一封邮件，内容包括：（1）你的选择；（2）说明理由。
注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jenny, I really like the idea of adding a new column to our English newspaper. …… Yours, Li Hua
47．（2025·全国一卷） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My wife and I wanted to share our new home with family and friends by hosting a small gathering in the early summer. She had prepared lots of snacks, while my job was to have the backyard in order.
There was plenty of space for the kids to run and play. There was just one thing I hadn't counted on: My brother chose to bring his dog Toby, a 50-pound ball of fire. Though friendly, he could easily knock over my niece's small boys and my six-month-old granddaughter. So, when my brother showed up, I asked him to watch Toby and keep him outside.
My plan was working out just fine. Toby was using up his energy by running back and forth in the backyard and giving the kids plenty of room. Unexpectedly, after supper, the weather changed. It started to rain and everyone went indoors.
It was an awkward moment. I didn't want Toby to be running around in the house, and my brother wasn't happy with driving home with a wet dog. Eventually, my brother decided to leave rather than force the issue.
A few days passed, and I hadn't heard anything from my brother. I texted him and expressed wishes for him to come out again. His reply came as a surprise – a shock, actually: "Not a chance." Clearly, he was unhappy over the way we had parted. After all, I had left him little choice. Well, he'll get over it, I reasoned.
Two months passed. My wife suggested I get in touch with my brother, but I resisted, thinking he should call first. However, my conscience (良心) kept bothering me. I tried to put myself in my brother's shoes. He was facing health issues and his wife of thirty-five years had passed away a few months earlier. Toby was his constant companion, the one who kept him going.
注意：（1）续写词数应为150个左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
I realized it was me who was at fault. …… With the biscuits my wife had made, I arrived at my brother's door.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．C
2．C
3．B
【知识点】细节理解题；数字计算题；环境保护类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了全球交通运输领域在实现脱碳目标过程中所面临的挑战以及可能的解决方案。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、数字计算题，是一篇环保类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．数字计算题。根据图表ROAD VEHICLES部分中的"ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1% "道路(客运)45.1%)"；以及"ROAD (GOODS) 29.4% "道路(货运)29.4%，可知，道路车辆总占比为45.1%+29.4%=74.5%，即道路车辆在2018年全球交通排放中占比74.5%。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据图表TRAINS — Electricity部分中"Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways."一些列车已经通过轨道或电线实现了电气化；其他火车可以通过非常简单的方式实现电动化。可知，火车相较其他交通方式更易实现绿色化。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"‘We need to speed up the development of green energy and it will all get used,' says Wipke. "Wipke说："我们需要加速绿色能源的开发，而且这些能源都会被利用起来。"可知，Wipke建议加大对可再生能源的投入，即加大对绿色能源的投入。故选B。
【答案】4．D
5．D
6．B
7．A
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在写作课上的经历，展示了学生们在不同写作任务中的表现和成长。起初，学生们对于写作的重要性缺乏认识，但在后续的写作练习中，特别是涉及健康话题、个人叙事和创意写作时，他们展现出了对写作的浓厚兴趣和出色的创作能力。最终，作者意识到写作不仅是一种重要的沟通手段，更是一种能够连接人心、增进理解、培养人性光辉的强大工具。
【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段"In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who'd created these people, knew their subjects so well."去年，在我九年级的写作课上，我结识了一位拯救了自己小镇的牛仔、一位要求儿子门门功课全得A的严厉父亲，还有一位现代版的朱丽叶——她在父母拒绝其年少挚爱后心碎而逝。不止一次，我暗自琢磨，这些塑造了这些人物的学生，究竟是如何如此深谙他们笔下的角色的。可知，此处提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的虚构人物。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中的"Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important."大多数文章篇幅不足一页，几乎没有包含可被视为论点的句子。我感到震惊。随后我意识到问题出在题目本身。他们本可以就电脑的必要性写下数页内容，但写作本身根本没让他们觉得重要。可推知，学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳，是因为他们对写作这个话题本身不感兴趣。故选D。
6．词义猜测题。根据第三段中的"The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. "学生们选取了多样的主题，交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页长，其中的人物拓宽了我的视野，也触动了我的心。可推知，此处指学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事，与之前的表现形成强烈对比。划线词staggering意为"令人惊叹的、惊人的"，与B选项Amazing"惊人的"语义一致。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段"I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another's skin, to teach us what it means to be human. "我走进教室时坚信写作作为一种交流方式至关重要。然而，学生们向我展示了更为重要的东西。当六月的下课铃响起时，我带着一本满是留言的年鉴离开——这些留言诉说着写作最强大的意义：它能连接人与人，让我们换位思考，教会我们身为人类的真谛)；再结合全文内容可知，本文通过作者的教学经历，说明她在教导学生的同时，自己也领悟到写作的真正意义，这一过程体现了"教学相长"的理念。故选A。
【答案】8．C
9．A
10．B
11．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；社会现象类；议论文；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，探讨了城市街道设计对行人（尤其是儿童）活动能力的影响，并呼吁重新思考街道在人们生活中的角色。文章指出，尽管近年来街道安全性可能有所提升，但行人流动性却有所下降，特别是儿童步行上学的比例减少。作者通过引用荷兰作者Thalia Verkade和Marco te Br mmelstroet的新书《Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives》中的观点，强调了重新审视街道设计的重要性。文章还回顾了历史上一些反对破坏社区以建设新道路网络的运动，并指出尽管这些运动广泛存在，但大多数西方城市仍然围绕汽车需求进行了重新设计。最后，文章呼吁人们重新思考街道的角色，认识到当前道路设计对社会造成的成本，特别是对儿童安全移动的影响。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和标题归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段"While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there's too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead."虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降，尤其是年轻儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩子塞进车里。可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段中的"Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion ‘New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.'"最著名的是，一位加拿大记者在20世纪50年代初举家迁往曼哈顿，她领导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。在描述她对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到震惊时，Jane Jacobs呼吁她的市长捍卫"纽约作为适宜居住的地方，而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道"可推知，加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的"Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. "尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需求重新设计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加。可推知，20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的竞选活动未能阻止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。故选B。
11．标题归纳题。通读全文，并根据最后一段中的"We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can't move safely around our communities "我们在帮助我们快速通过的道路上投入了大量资金，但我们没有考虑到真正的成本。我们真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地移动时，我们作为一个社会将会付出什么代价吗。可推知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，Why the Rush "为何匆匆？"契合主旨，适合作为本文标题。故选A。
【答案】12．C
13．A
14．B
15．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新的研究发现，通过煮沸并过滤自来水可以显著降低水中微塑料的含量，并探讨了这一方法的可行性、局限性以及其对减少微塑料暴露的潜在意义。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段"Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. "微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类体内。可推知，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. "至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来截留塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量。可知，决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段"Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that's becoming increasingly diffcult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. "尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"‘The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,' Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. ‘We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.'" 苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志："他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被截留的方式很不错。""我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，以便它们能去除微塑料"可推知，Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用，即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。
【答案】16．E；17．D；18．C；19．F；20．G
【知识点】七选五；人物传记类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了一位在大学咖啡馆工作的默默无闻的英雄——Catherine Murphy。本文讲述了她在咖啡馆的工作日常、个人生活态度以及她对学生们的积极影响，展现了她的敬业精神、热情服务以及感染力十足的笑容。Catherine每天早起准时到岗，用心为每一位顾客制作饮品，并与他们进行真诚的交流，她的笑容和热情服务给学生们带来了愉悦和鼓舞，成为了他们一天中的美好开始。尽管她可能并不自知，但她的存在和工作无疑为校园生活增添了一抹亮色。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇人物类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前"Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning The College Cafe has just that, and more. "课间需要休息或早上快速提神？大学咖啡馆提供这些，还有更多。可知，开篇引出咖啡馆的功能，此处需揭示"更多"的内涵。E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles."这家咖啡馆不仅提供饮品，还提供微笑。"既承接"drinks"，又引出下文核心——Murphy的微笑服务，符合语境。故选E。
17．根据空前"She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks."她在机器之间来回制作饮品；以及空后"As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, ‘Hello, how is your day ' Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn't let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. "当顾客从她手中接过饮品时，她微笑着说："你好，今天过得怎么样？"即使队伍越来越长，她也不会让这影响到她真诚的交流。可推知，此处需补充制作饮品后的环节。D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup."完成订单后，她会喊出杯子上的名字。"其中的"finishing an order"衔接"make the drinks"，"calls out the name"引出顾客接饮品的场景，形成"制作—叫号—交付"的完整流程，符合语境，故选D。
18．根据空前"Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time."Murphy每天四点四十五起床，开车三十分钟准时上班；以及空后"I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. "我这样做是因为我喜欢为学生煮咖啡。可推知，此处需进一步体现她对工作的投入。C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early."有时她会提前到达，提前为学生服务。"，其中的"arrives early"补充了"准时上班"之外的主动性，"serve the students early"呼应"like to make coffee for the students"，展现其敬业精神。故选C。
19．根据空前"Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week."oanna Wright是政治学专业的大四学生，她热爱咖啡，每周至少去这家咖啡馆六天；以及空后"‘Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,' Wright said. "Wright说"Catherine总是笑容满面，这总能让我心情愉快。"可推知，此处需说明她频繁去咖啡馆的原因。F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class."去咖啡馆让她一天有个好的开始，并为上课做好准备。"，其中的"starts her day off good"解释了"每周去六天"的动机，且"cheerful mood"与Murphy的微笑服务形成因果关系。故选F。
20．根据空后"She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves. "她完全打算留下来，继续做自己喜欢的事。可推知，此处需体现她对工作的长期投入。 G. She has served here for 17 years and can't imagine working anywhere else." 她已经在这里服务了17年，无法想象在其他地方工作。"，其中的"17 years"凸显服务年限之长，"can't imagine working anywhere else"强化对咖啡馆的情感联结，与"staying"形成直接呼应，符合语境，故选G。
【答案】21．C；22．D；23．A；24．C；25．B；26．B；27．A；28．C；29．D；30．A；31．B；32．C；33．D；34．A；35．B
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在搬家过程中，通过在线出售不再需要的物品，不仅避免了物品被丢弃到垃圾填埋场，还意外地在这个过程中与他人建立了联系，并从中获得了乐趣和满足感。作者通过分享自己与花瓶以及后续其他物品的出售经历，展现了在生活的变迁中，如何以积极的心态处理旧物，同时传递出一种珍惜资源、关爱他人的情感。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：我和丈夫刚刚卖掉了我们的房子，我们正忙着清空我们一家人花了23年时间建造的心爱的房子。A： painting over"粉刷覆盖"；B： looking around" 环顾四周"；C： emptying out"清空"；D： pulling down" 拆除 "。根据空前" My husband and I had just sold our house"；以及空后"the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up"可推知，此处指作者卖掉了房子，忙着清空房子里的多年来堆积的东西。故选C。
22．句意：我们已经为即将搬到城里的公寓选定了关键物品，尽可能捐赠了能捐的东西，并租了一个地方来存放我们自认为重要的物品。A： hotel"酒店"；B： office"办公室"；C： cottage"小屋"；D： apartment" 公寓 " 。根据下文"I sit in my apartment today"我今天坐在公寓里，可知，此处指作者一家人搬到了公寓。故选D。
23．句意：我们已经为即将搬到城里的公寓选定了关键物品，尽可能捐赠了能捐的东西，并租了一个地方来存放我们自认为重要的物品。A： store"储存"；B： display"展示"；C： sell"出售"；D： repair" 修理 " 。根据空前"rented a place"；以及空后"our supposedly important objects"可推知，此处指租地方是为了存放重要物品。故选A。
24．句意：这使得房子里仍然堆满了那些虽然不是特别值钱，但不应该放在垃圾填埋场的东西。A： covered" 覆盖的"；B： decorated"装饰的"；C： stuffed"塞满的"；D： equipped" 配备的 "。根据上文"rented a place to 3 our supposedly important objects"；以及空后"with things"可推知，此处指房子里仍塞满物品。故选C。
25．句意：这使得房子里仍然堆满了那些虽然不是特别值钱，但不应该放在垃圾填埋场的东西。A： conventional"传统的"；B： valuable" 有价值的"；C： complicated"复杂的"；D： tolerable" 可容忍的 "。根据空前"while not particularly"；以及空后"didn't belong in a landfill"可推知，此处指虽不贵重但不应丢弃的物品。故选B。
26．句意：有几条信息进来了，一条想要更多的照片，另一条请求降价。A： fees"费用"；B： photos"照片"；C： receipts"收据"；D： models" 模型 " 。根据上文"I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10."我以10美元的价格拍了一张花瓶的照片，并发布到网上；以及空前"additional"可推知，此处指有人索要更多照片。故选B。
27．句意：随着搬家日的临近，我确定了一个新的价格（0美元）并重新发布了它。A： move"搬家"；B： pay"支付"；C： market"市场"；D： work" 工作 " 。根据上文"We had decided on key items for the 2 we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to 3 our supposedly important objects." 我们已经为即将搬到城里的公寓选定了关键物品，尽可能捐赠了能捐的东西，并租了一个地方来存放我们自认为重要的物品；以及空后"day drew near"可推知，此处指搬家日临近。故选A。
28．句意：描述："我讨厌这个花瓶。也许你不会。"A： warning"警告"；B： request"请求"；C： description"描述"；D： reply" 回复 "。根据上文"I took a picture of the vase and posted it online"我以10美元的价格拍了一张花瓶的照片，并发布到网上；以及空后"I hate this vase. Maybe you won't."可推知，此处指是重新发布的对花瓶的描述。故选C。
29．句意：受到鼓励，我发布了更多。A： Confused"困惑的"；B： Interested"感兴趣的"；C： Disappointed"失望的"；D： Encouraged" 受鼓励的 "。根据上文"In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase."刹那间，一个女人冲进我家，拿着花瓶高兴地离开了；以及作者后文持续发帖的行为，可推知，此处指作者受到鼓舞。故选D。
30．句意：我每天收到的帖子和来我家里的拜访，在我混乱的房子里变成了一束珍贵的光芒。A： visits "拜访"；B： reports"报告"；C： advice"建议"；D： money" 钱 "。根据上文"In an instant, a woman raced into my house"刹那间，一个女人冲进我家；以及空前"My daily posts"和后文的互动，可推知，此处指去作者家里拜访。故选A。
31．句意：每一次交换都提供了一个避免垃圾填埋的机会，也让我得以取悦另一个原本可能不会遇到的人。A： remove" 移除"；B： spare"省得，免去"；C： find"发现"；D： check" 检查 " 。根据上文语境，以及空后"the landfill"可推知，此处指作者用免费赠送旧物来代替丢掉旧物垃圾填埋，此处spare引申为"免去"表示免得去垃圾填埋场丢东西。故选B。
32．句意：每一次交换都提供了一个避免垃圾填埋的机会，也让我得以取悦另一个原本可能不会遇到的人。A： investigated"调查"；B： recognized"认出"；C： encountered"遇见"；D： recommended" 推荐 " 。根据上文"another person I might not otherwise"可推知，此处指免费赠送旧物让原本不会遇见的人感到高兴。故选C。
33．句意：今天我坐在我的公寓里，爱着我们小空间里的每一件所有物。A： giveaways"赠品"；B： posts"帖子"；C： contributions" 贡献 "；D： belongings" 所有物 "。根据空前"I sit in my apartment today"；以及空后"share our small space"可推知，此处指现在拥有的物品。故选D。
34．句意：知道就在附近的某个地方，有人正在欣赏着这件无法随我们一起走的东西，我感到很快乐。A： joy"快乐"；B： part"部分"；C： care"关心"；D： time" 时间 "。根据上文"loving each of the 13 that share our small space."；以及空后"in knowing that, somewhere nearby"可推知，此处指作者免费赠送旧物，也从中获得了快乐。故选A。
35．句意：知道就在附近的某个地方，有人正在欣赏着这件无法随我们一起走的东西，我感到很快乐。A： anticipating"期待"；B： appreciating"欣赏"；C： delivering"递送"；D： withdrawing" 撤回 "。根据上文"I take 13 in knowing that, somewhere nearby"；以及空后"something that couldn't come with us"可推知，此处指他人在欣赏这些作者带不走的，赠予的物品。故选B。
【答案】36．which；37．the；38．to present；39．guidance；40．are revealed；41．tries；42．by；43．strategic / strategical；44．and；45．digitally
【知识点】说明文；文学艺术类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了上海久事美术馆举办的一场以围棋为灵感的艺术展览。本文描述了围棋的历史背景、其作为二元基础游戏的特性，以及围棋与东方哲学思想的联系。展览通过结合围棋文化、前沿科技和当代艺术，旨在以视觉形式呈现抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、概念艺术和表现主义进行对话。同时还引用了参观展览的围棋选手王薇的观点，解释了围棋游戏中的策略、玩家个性的展现以及尊重对手的比赛态度。最后提到围棋中黑白棋子的平衡、布局的策略美以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，这些都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成图片和丝网印刷作品。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及定语从句，冠词，非谓语动词，名词，时态语态，主谓一致，介词，形容词，连词，副词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，是一篇艺术类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为"围棋"），它起源4000多年前的中国。 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
37．句意：围棋是最早的基于二元的棋类游戏之一。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。故填the。
38．句意：我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。present"呈现"，动词。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，结合固定短语hope to do sth."希望做某事"，所以此处需用动词不定式，作宾语。故填to present。
39．句意：你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的"引导"直到他们输掉。guide"指导，引导"，动词。此处作follow的宾语，用名词guidance"引导"，不可数名词。故填guidance。
40．句意：她补充说："玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。"reveal"揭示，显示"，是谓语动词，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且与主语The players' personalities为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed。
41．句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。try"尝试，努力"，是谓语动词。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。
42．句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。 "by+具体数值"表示"以（某一差值）"，此处指"以一到两分的优势"，符合语境。故填by。
43．句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。strategy"策略"，名词。此处修饰名词placement，需用其形容词strategic"战略性的，策略的"，作定语。故填strategic。
44．句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。 the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces和the energy flow following each move三者为并列关系，作并列主语，所以此处需用连词and。故填and。
45．句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。 digital"数字的"，形容词。此处修饰形容词generated，需用副词digitally"数字地"，作状语。故填digitally。
46．【答案】Dear Jenny.
Thank you for proposing two fantastic themes! l believe "GuessWholAm" is the ideal choice.
This column could feature anonymous stories from classmates such as unique hobbies or memorable trips allowing readers to guess the author's identity through clues. Not only would this spark curiosity and class interaction, but it also promotes mutual understanding across different cultures. For instance, a story about celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival might help international peers appreciate Chinese traditions.
Such engaging content aligns perfectly with our newspaper's goal to combine education with entertainment.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份写一封邮件，就班级英语报增设新栏目一事，在外教Jenny提出的两个选项（"Fun at my school"和"Guess who I am"）中选择一个，并说明选择的理由。邮件开头表达对增设新栏目的支持或喜爱。主体需要明确选择哪个栏目，详细说明选择的理由，可以包括该栏目的趣味性、教育性、互动性等方面。结尾要礼貌地结束邮件，并表达期待或感谢。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。
【点评】这封邮件整体上表达清晰、结构合理，理由充分，体现了对Jenny提议的感谢以及对所选主题"Guess Who I Am"的详细阐述。文中有一些好的词句，例如：l believe "Guess Who l Am" is the ideal choice.运用了宾语从句；This column could feature anonymous stories from classmates such as unique hobbies or memorable trips allowing readers to guess the author's identity through clues.运用了现在分词作状语； Not only would this spark curiosity and class interaction, but it also promotes mutual understanding across different cultures.运用了并列句，倒装句； For instance, a story about celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival might help international peers appreciate Chinese traditions.运用了省略to的不定式作宾补；Such engaging content aligns perfectly with our newspaper's goal to combine education with entertainment.运用了不定式作后置定语。
47．【答案】 I realized it was me who was at fault.
The thought weighed heavily on my mind. How could I have let my pride get in the way of our relationship My conscience nagged at me, making it hard to focus on anything else. My wife noticed the worry on my face. "People make mistakes. Why not visit him now—take some of those biscuits I just baked It's never too late to say sorry." Her voice was warm and reassuring. Holding the warm biscuits, I felt a bit of hope stirring inside, mixed with nervous anticipation. Determined to make things right, I quickly set off.
With the biscuits my wife had made, I arrived at my brother's door.
Taking a deep breath, I knocked. The moment he opened the door, I saw doubt on his face, but he let me in. "I'm sorry for what happened that night," I said quietly, setting the biscuits on the table. My brother was silent, then sighed. "I guess I could have handled it better, too. I know you didn't mean any harm." Relief washed over me. The next hour saw us talking and sharing memories and laughter. As I left, he gave me a hug and smiled, the same way he always had. I knew, at that moment, our bond was as strong as ever.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章，讲述了作者因担心弟弟的狗Toby影响聚会，要求弟弟看好狗，后因天气变化导致弟弟提前离开并心生芥蒂。两个月后作者意识到自己的过错，主动带着妻子做的饼干登门道歉，最终兄弟俩和解的故事，展现了亲情中理解与包容的重要性。 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容"我意识到是我错了。" 可知，第一段可描写作者反思自己在聚会上只顾控制局面，忽视了Toby对弟弟的重要性，因骄傲迟迟未联系弟弟，最终通过电话留言道歉并约定见面。
②由第二段首句内容"带着妻子做的饼干，我来到了弟弟家门口。"可知，第二段可描写弟弟开门时的惊讶与沉默，兄弟俩拥抱和解，坐在门廊上谈心，看着Toby依偎在弟弟腿边，明白亲情修复的意义。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】该续写情节连贯、情感真挚、细节生动、主题明确，并在此基础上进行了合理的延伸和发展，展现了主人公从认识到自己的错误到主动寻求和解的过程。文中有一些好的词句，例如：How could I have let my pride get in the way of our relationship 运用了省略to 的不定式作宾补；My conscience nagged at me, making it hard to focus on anything else.运用了现在分词作状语，it作形式宾语； Why not visit him now—take some of those biscuits I just baked 运用了why not固定句式，限制性定语从句； It's never too late to say sorry.运用了固定句式too...to....； Holding the warm biscuits, I felt a bit of hope stirring inside, mixed with nervous anticipation. 运用了现在分词作状语；Determined to make things right, I quickly set off.运用了过去分词作状语；Taking a deep breath, I knocked. 运用了现在分词作状语； The moment he opened the door, I saw doubt on his face, but he let me in.运用了时间状语从句，转折并列句；" I'm sorry for what happened that night," I said quietly, setting the biscuits on the table. 运用了宾语从句，现在分词作状语； I guess I could have handled it better, too.运用了宾语从句； I know you didn't mean any harm.运用了宾语从句； The next hour saw us talking and sharing memories and laughter. 运用了现在分词作宾补；As I left, he gave me a hug and smiled, the same way he always had. 运用了时间状语从句，方式状语从句； I knew, at that moment, our bond was as strong as ever.运用了宾语从句。
1 / 1【高考真题】2025年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国英语一卷）
（2025·全国一卷） 阅读理解
The greening of planes, trains and automobiles
Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2emissions (排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation – which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here's the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport.
The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled, but here are some of the solutions to get us going green.
This energy transition (变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is "a little bit mind-blowing," says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It's estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. "We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used," says Wipke.
1．What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018
A．11.6%. B．45.1%. C．74.5%. D．86.1%.
2．Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily
A．Planes. B．Trucks. C．Trains. D．Ships.
3．What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition
A．Limiting fuel consumption.
B．Putting more effort into renewables.
C．Improving energy efficiency.
D．Making electricity more affordable.
【答案】1．C
2．C
3．B
【知识点】细节理解题；数字计算题；环境保护类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了全球交通运输领域在实现脱碳目标过程中所面临的挑战以及可能的解决方案。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、数字计算题，是一篇环保类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．数字计算题。根据图表ROAD VEHICLES部分中的"ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1% "道路(客运)45.1%)"；以及"ROAD (GOODS) 29.4% "道路(货运)29.4%，可知，道路车辆总占比为45.1%+29.4%=74.5%，即道路车辆在2018年全球交通排放中占比74.5%。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据图表TRAINS — Electricity部分中"Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways."一些列车已经通过轨道或电线实现了电气化；其他火车可以通过非常简单的方式实现电动化。可知，火车相较其他交通方式更易实现绿色化。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"‘We need to speed up the development of green energy and it will all get used,' says Wipke. "Wipke说："我们需要加速绿色能源的开发，而且这些能源都会被利用起来。"可知，Wipke建议加大对可再生能源的投入，即加大对绿色能源的投入。故选B。
（2025·全国一卷） 阅读理解
In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who'd created these people, knew their subjects so well.
But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: "Why is writing important " Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important. This would have to change.
As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance – the ability to connect people, to put us in another's skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
4．Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1
A．Ninth graders. B．Students' parents.
C．Modern writers. D．Fictional characters.
5．Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay
A．They were not given enough time.
B．They had a very limited vocabulary.
C．They misunderstood the question.
D．They had little interest in the topic.
6．What does the underlined word "staggering" in paragraph 3 mean
A．Mixed. B．Amazing. C．Similar. D．Disturbing.
7．What does the author's experience show
A．Teaching is learning. B．Still waters run deep.
C．Knowledge is power. D．Practice makes perfect.
【答案】4．D
5．D
6．B
7．A
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在写作课上的经历，展示了学生们在不同写作任务中的表现和成长。起初，学生们对于写作的重要性缺乏认识，但在后续的写作练习中，特别是涉及健康话题、个人叙事和创意写作时，他们展现出了对写作的浓厚兴趣和出色的创作能力。最终，作者意识到写作不仅是一种重要的沟通手段，更是一种能够连接人心、增进理解、培养人性光辉的强大工具。
【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段"In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who'd created these people, knew their subjects so well."去年，在我九年级的写作课上，我结识了一位拯救了自己小镇的牛仔、一位要求儿子门门功课全得A的严厉父亲，还有一位现代版的朱丽叶——她在父母拒绝其年少挚爱后心碎而逝。不止一次，我暗自琢磨，这些塑造了这些人物的学生，究竟是如何如此深谙他们笔下的角色的。可知，此处提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的虚构人物。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中的"Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important."大多数文章篇幅不足一页，几乎没有包含可被视为论点的句子。我感到震惊。随后我意识到问题出在题目本身。他们本可以就电脑的必要性写下数页内容，但写作本身根本没让他们觉得重要。可推知，学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳，是因为他们对写作这个话题本身不感兴趣。故选D。
6．词义猜测题。根据第三段中的"The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. "学生们选取了多样的主题，交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页长，其中的人物拓宽了我的视野，也触动了我的心。可推知，此处指学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事，与之前的表现形成强烈对比。划线词staggering意为"令人惊叹的、惊人的"，与B选项Amazing"惊人的"语义一致。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段"I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another's skin, to teach us what it means to be human. "我走进教室时坚信写作作为一种交流方式至关重要。然而，学生们向我展示了更为重要的东西。当六月的下课铃响起时，我带着一本满是留言的年鉴离开——这些留言诉说着写作最强大的意义：它能连接人与人，让我们换位思考，教会我们身为人类的真谛)；再结合全文内容可知，本文通过作者的教学经历，说明她在教导学生的同时，自己也领悟到写作的真正意义，这一过程体现了"教学相长"的理念。故选A。
（2025·全国一卷） 阅读理解
While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there's too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead.
Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Br mmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets andTransform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives.
Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion "New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through." Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.
We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can't move safely around our communities The authors of Movement have it right: it's time to think differently about that street outside your front door.
8．What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1
A．Cars often get stuck on the road.
B．Traffic accidents occur frequently.
C．People walk less and drive more.
D．Pedestrians fail to follow the rules.
9．What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do
A．Keep their cities livable. B．Promote cultural diversity.
C．Help the needy families. D．Make expressways accessible.
10．What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s
A．They boosted the sales of cars.
B．They turned out largely ineffective.
C．They won government support.
D．They advocated building new parks.
11．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Why the Rush B．What's Next
C．Where to Stay D．Who to Blame
【答案】8．C
9．A
10．B
11．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；社会现象类；议论文；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，探讨了城市街道设计对行人（尤其是儿童）活动能力的影响，并呼吁重新思考街道在人们生活中的角色。文章指出，尽管近年来街道安全性可能有所提升，但行人流动性却有所下降，特别是儿童步行上学的比例减少。作者通过引用荷兰作者Thalia Verkade和Marco te Br mmelstroet的新书《Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives》中的观点，强调了重新审视街道设计的重要性。文章还回顾了历史上一些反对破坏社区以建设新道路网络的运动，并指出尽管这些运动广泛存在，但大多数西方城市仍然围绕汽车需求进行了重新设计。最后，文章呼吁人们重新思考街道的角色，认识到当前道路设计对社会造成的成本，特别是对儿童安全移动的影响。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和标题归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段"While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there's too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead."虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降，尤其是年轻儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩子塞进车里。可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段中的"Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion ‘New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.'"最著名的是，一位加拿大记者在20世纪50年代初举家迁往曼哈顿，她领导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。在描述她对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到震惊时，Jane Jacobs呼吁她的市长捍卫"纽约作为适宜居住的地方，而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道"可推知，加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的"Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. "尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需求重新设计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加。可推知，20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的竞选活动未能阻止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。故选B。
11．标题归纳题。通读全文，并根据最后一段中的"We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can't move safely around our communities "我们在帮助我们快速通过的道路上投入了大量资金，但我们没有考虑到真正的成本。我们真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地移动时，我们作为一个社会将会付出什么代价吗。可推知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，Why the Rush "为何匆匆？"契合主旨，适合作为本文标题。故选A。
（2025·全国一卷） 阅读理解
Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth – they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.
Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes – then filtering it after it cools – could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn't include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types – polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene – and they didn't study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.
Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure – a task that's becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are – but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. "The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice," Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. "We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics."
12．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph
A．By quoting an expert. B．By defining a concept.
C．By giving examples. D．By providing statistics.
13．What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water
A．The hardness of water.
B．The length of cooling time.
C．The frequency of filtering.
D．The type of plastic in water.
14．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4
A．The importance of plastic recycling.
B．The severity of the microplastic problem.
C．The danger in overusing pure water.
D．The difficulty in treating polluted water.
15．What is Gauchotte-Lindsay's suggestion about
A．Choice of new research methods.
B．Possible direction for further study.
C．Need to involve more researchers.
D．Potential application of the findings.
【答案】12．C
13．A
14．B
15．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新的研究发现，通过煮沸并过滤自来水可以显著降低水中微塑料的含量，并探讨了这一方法的可行性、局限性以及其对减少微塑料暴露的潜在意义。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段"Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. "微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类体内。可推知，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. "至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来截留塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量。可知，决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段"Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that's becoming increasingly diffcult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. "尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"‘The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,' Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. ‘We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.'" 苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志："他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被截留的方式很不错。""我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，以便它们能去除微塑料"可推知，Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用，即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。
（2025·全国一卷） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
An Unsung Hero
Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning The College Cafe has just that, and more. 16．
Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order. She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. 17． As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, "Hello, how is your day " Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn't let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.
Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. 18． "I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning," Murphy said. Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve.
One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. 19． "Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood," Wright said.
"I enjoy working in the cafe," Murphy said. 20． She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves.
A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B. She has two children aged eight and four. C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup. E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles. F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. G. She has served here for 17 years and can't imagine working anywhere else.
【答案】16．E；17．D；18．C；19．F；20．G
【知识点】七选五；人物传记类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了一位在大学咖啡馆工作的默默无闻的英雄——Catherine Murphy。本文讲述了她在咖啡馆的工作日常、个人生活态度以及她对学生们的积极影响，展现了她的敬业精神、热情服务以及感染力十足的笑容。Catherine每天早起准时到岗，用心为每一位顾客制作饮品，并与他们进行真诚的交流，她的笑容和热情服务给学生们带来了愉悦和鼓舞，成为了他们一天中的美好开始。尽管她可能并不自知，但她的存在和工作无疑为校园生活增添了一抹亮色。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇人物类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前"Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning The College Cafe has just that, and more. "课间需要休息或早上快速提神？大学咖啡馆提供这些，还有更多。可知，开篇引出咖啡馆的功能，此处需揭示"更多"的内涵。E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles."这家咖啡馆不仅提供饮品，还提供微笑。"既承接"drinks"，又引出下文核心——Murphy的微笑服务，符合语境。故选E。
17．根据空前"She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks."她在机器之间来回制作饮品；以及空后"As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, ‘Hello, how is your day ' Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn't let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. "当顾客从她手中接过饮品时，她微笑着说："你好，今天过得怎么样？"即使队伍越来越长，她也不会让这影响到她真诚的交流。可推知，此处需补充制作饮品后的环节。D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup."完成订单后，她会喊出杯子上的名字。"其中的"finishing an order"衔接"make the drinks"，"calls out the name"引出顾客接饮品的场景，形成"制作—叫号—交付"的完整流程，符合语境，故选D。
18．根据空前"Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time."Murphy每天四点四十五起床，开车三十分钟准时上班；以及空后"I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. "我这样做是因为我喜欢为学生煮咖啡。可推知，此处需进一步体现她对工作的投入。C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early."有时她会提前到达，提前为学生服务。"，其中的"arrives early"补充了"准时上班"之外的主动性，"serve the students early"呼应"like to make coffee for the students"，展现其敬业精神。故选C。
19．根据空前"Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week."oanna Wright是政治学专业的大四学生，她热爱咖啡，每周至少去这家咖啡馆六天；以及空后"‘Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,' Wright said. "Wright说"Catherine总是笑容满面，这总能让我心情愉快。"可推知，此处需说明她频繁去咖啡馆的原因。F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class."去咖啡馆让她一天有个好的开始，并为上课做好准备。"，其中的"starts her day off good"解释了"每周去六天"的动机，且"cheerful mood"与Murphy的微笑服务形成因果关系。故选F。
20．根据空后"She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves. "她完全打算留下来，继续做自己喜欢的事。可推知，此处需体现她对工作的长期投入。 G. She has served here for 17 years and can't imagine working anywhere else." 她已经在这里服务了17年，无法想象在其他地方工作。"，其中的"17 years"凸显服务年限之长，"can't imagine working anywhere else"强化对咖啡馆的情感联结，与"staying"形成直接呼应，符合语境，故选G。
（2025·全国一卷） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn't seen daylight since my wedding.
My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 21． the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up. We had decided on key items for the 22． we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to 23． our supposedly important objects. That left a house still 24． with things that, while not particularly 25． , didn't belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场).
I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional 26． , another asking for a price cut. As our 27． day drew near, I settled on a new price ($0) and reposted it. The 28． : "I hate this vase. Maybe you won't." In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase.
29． ，I posted more. My daily posts and the 30． I received became a precious ray of light in the chaos of my house. Each exchange provided a chance to 31． the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have 32． .
I sit in my apartment today, loving each of the 33． that share our small space. I take 34． in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is 35． something that couldn't come with us.
21．A． painting over B． looking around
C． emptying out D． pulling down
22．A． hotel B． office C． cottage D． apartment
23．A． store B． display C． sell D． repair
24．A． covered B． decorated C． stuffed D． equipped
25．A． conventional B． valuable C． complicated D． tolerable
26．A． fees B． photos C． receipts D． models
27．A． move B． pay C． market D． work
28．A． warning B． request C． description D． reply
29．A． Confused B． Interested
C． Disappointed D． Encouraged
30．A． visits B． reports C． advice D． money
31．A． remove B． spare C． find D． check
32．A． investigated B． recognized C． encountered D． recommended
33．A． giveaways B． posts
C． contributions D． belongings
34．A． joy B． part C． care D． time
35．A． anticipating B． appreciating C． delivering D． withdrawing
【答案】21．C；22．D；23．A；24．C；25．B；26．B；27．A；28．C；29．D；30．A；31．B；32．C；33．D；34．A；35．B
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在搬家过程中，通过在线出售不再需要的物品，不仅避免了物品被丢弃到垃圾填埋场，还意外地在这个过程中与他人建立了联系，并从中获得了乐趣和满足感。作者通过分享自己与花瓶以及后续其他物品的出售经历，展现了在生活的变迁中，如何以积极的心态处理旧物，同时传递出一种珍惜资源、关爱他人的情感。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：我和丈夫刚刚卖掉了我们的房子，我们正忙着清空我们一家人花了23年时间建造的心爱的房子。A： painting over"粉刷覆盖"；B： looking around" 环顾四周"；C： emptying out"清空"；D： pulling down" 拆除 "。根据空前" My husband and I had just sold our house"；以及空后"the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up"可推知，此处指作者卖掉了房子，忙着清空房子里的多年来堆积的东西。故选C。
22．句意：我们已经为即将搬到城里的公寓选定了关键物品，尽可能捐赠了能捐的东西，并租了一个地方来存放我们自认为重要的物品。A： hotel"酒店"；B： office"办公室"；C： cottage"小屋"；D： apartment" 公寓 " 。根据下文"I sit in my apartment today"我今天坐在公寓里，可知，此处指作者一家人搬到了公寓。故选D。
23．句意：我们已经为即将搬到城里的公寓选定了关键物品，尽可能捐赠了能捐的东西，并租了一个地方来存放我们自认为重要的物品。A： store"储存"；B： display"展示"；C： sell"出售"；D： repair" 修理 " 。根据空前"rented a place"；以及空后"our supposedly important objects"可推知，此处指租地方是为了存放重要物品。故选A。
24．句意：这使得房子里仍然堆满了那些虽然不是特别值钱，但不应该放在垃圾填埋场的东西。A： covered" 覆盖的"；B： decorated"装饰的"；C： stuffed"塞满的"；D： equipped" 配备的 "。根据上文"rented a place to 3 our supposedly important objects"；以及空后"with things"可推知，此处指房子里仍塞满物品。故选C。
25．句意：这使得房子里仍然堆满了那些虽然不是特别值钱，但不应该放在垃圾填埋场的东西。A： conventional"传统的"；B： valuable" 有价值的"；C： complicated"复杂的"；D： tolerable" 可容忍的 "。根据空前"while not particularly"；以及空后"didn't belong in a landfill"可推知，此处指虽不贵重但不应丢弃的物品。故选B。
26．句意：有几条信息进来了，一条想要更多的照片，另一条请求降价。A： fees"费用"；B： photos"照片"；C： receipts"收据"；D： models" 模型 " 。根据上文"I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10."我以10美元的价格拍了一张花瓶的照片，并发布到网上；以及空前"additional"可推知，此处指有人索要更多照片。故选B。
27．句意：随着搬家日的临近，我确定了一个新的价格（0美元）并重新发布了它。A： move"搬家"；B： pay"支付"；C： market"市场"；D： work" 工作 " 。根据上文"We had decided on key items for the 2 we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to 3 our supposedly important objects." 我们已经为即将搬到城里的公寓选定了关键物品，尽可能捐赠了能捐的东西，并租了一个地方来存放我们自认为重要的物品；以及空后"day drew near"可推知，此处指搬家日临近。故选A。
28．句意：描述："我讨厌这个花瓶。也许你不会。"A： warning"警告"；B： request"请求"；C： description"描述"；D： reply" 回复 "。根据上文"I took a picture of the vase and posted it online"我以10美元的价格拍了一张花瓶的照片，并发布到网上；以及空后"I hate this vase. Maybe you won't."可推知，此处指是重新发布的对花瓶的描述。故选C。
29．句意：受到鼓励，我发布了更多。A： Confused"困惑的"；B： Interested"感兴趣的"；C： Disappointed"失望的"；D： Encouraged" 受鼓励的 "。根据上文"In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase."刹那间，一个女人冲进我家，拿着花瓶高兴地离开了；以及作者后文持续发帖的行为，可推知，此处指作者受到鼓舞。故选D。
30．句意：我每天收到的帖子和来我家里的拜访，在我混乱的房子里变成了一束珍贵的光芒。A： visits "拜访"；B： reports"报告"；C： advice"建议"；D： money" 钱 "。根据上文"In an instant, a woman raced into my house"刹那间，一个女人冲进我家；以及空前"My daily posts"和后文的互动，可推知，此处指去作者家里拜访。故选A。
31．句意：每一次交换都提供了一个避免垃圾填埋的机会，也让我得以取悦另一个原本可能不会遇到的人。A： remove" 移除"；B： spare"省得，免去"；C： find"发现"；D： check" 检查 " 。根据上文语境，以及空后"the landfill"可推知，此处指作者用免费赠送旧物来代替丢掉旧物垃圾填埋，此处spare引申为"免去"表示免得去垃圾填埋场丢东西。故选B。
32．句意：每一次交换都提供了一个避免垃圾填埋的机会，也让我得以取悦另一个原本可能不会遇到的人。A： investigated"调查"；B： recognized"认出"；C： encountered"遇见"；D： recommended" 推荐 " 。根据上文"another person I might not otherwise"可推知，此处指免费赠送旧物让原本不会遇见的人感到高兴。故选C。
33．句意：今天我坐在我的公寓里，爱着我们小空间里的每一件所有物。A： giveaways"赠品"；B： posts"帖子"；C： contributions" 贡献 "；D： belongings" 所有物 "。根据空前"I sit in my apartment today"；以及空后"share our small space"可推知，此处指现在拥有的物品。故选D。
34．句意：知道就在附近的某个地方，有人正在欣赏着这件无法随我们一起走的东西，我感到很快乐。A： joy"快乐"；B： part"部分"；C： care"关心"；D： time" 时间 "。根据上文"loving each of the 13 that share our small space."；以及空后"in knowing that, somewhere nearby"可推知，此处指作者免费赠送旧物，也从中获得了快乐。故选A。
35．句意：知道就在附近的某个地方，有人正在欣赏着这件无法随我们一起走的东西，我感到很快乐。A： anticipating"期待"；B： appreciating"欣赏"；C： delivering"递送"；D： withdrawing" 撤回 "。根据上文"I take 13 in knowing that, somewhere nearby"；以及空后"something that couldn't come with us"可推知，此处指他人在欣赏这些作者带不走的，赠予的物品。故选B。
（2025·全国一卷） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, 36． originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
Go is one of 37． earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition.
"The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art," says Tu. "We hope 38． (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism."
"In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your‘ 39． (guide)' till they lose, " explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.
"The players' personalities 40． (reveal) during the game, and one's weaknesses are exposed to the opponent," she adds. "A decent winner always 41． (try) to beat the opponent 42． no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side."
Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the 43． (strategy) placement of the pieces, 44． the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, 45． (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
【答案】36．which；37．the；38．to present；39．guidance；40．are revealed；41．tries；42．by；43．strategic / strategical；44．and；45．digitally
【知识点】说明文；文学艺术类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了上海久事美术馆举办的一场以围棋为灵感的艺术展览。本文描述了围棋的历史背景、其作为二元基础游戏的特性，以及围棋与东方哲学思想的联系。展览通过结合围棋文化、前沿科技和当代艺术，旨在以视觉形式呈现抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、概念艺术和表现主义进行对话。同时还引用了参观展览的围棋选手王薇的观点，解释了围棋游戏中的策略、玩家个性的展现以及尊重对手的比赛态度。最后提到围棋中黑白棋子的平衡、布局的策略美以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，这些都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成图片和丝网印刷作品。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及定语从句，冠词，非谓语动词，名词，时态语态，主谓一致，介词，形容词，连词，副词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，是一篇艺术类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为"围棋"），它起源4000多年前的中国。 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
37．句意：围棋是最早的基于二元的棋类游戏之一。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。故填the。
38．句意：我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。present"呈现"，动词。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，结合固定短语hope to do sth."希望做某事"，所以此处需用动词不定式，作宾语。故填to present。
39．句意：你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的"引导"直到他们输掉。guide"指导，引导"，动词。此处作follow的宾语，用名词guidance"引导"，不可数名词。故填guidance。
40．句意：她补充说："玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。"reveal"揭示，显示"，是谓语动词，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且与主语The players' personalities为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed。
41．句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。try"尝试，努力"，是谓语动词。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。
42．句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。 "by+具体数值"表示"以（某一差值）"，此处指"以一到两分的优势"，符合语境。故填by。
43．句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。strategy"策略"，名词。此处修饰名词placement，需用其形容词strategic"战略性的，策略的"，作定语。故填strategic。
44．句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。 the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces和the energy flow following each move三者为并列关系，作并列主语，所以此处需用连词and。故填and。
45．句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。 digital"数字的"，形容词。此处修饰形容词generated，需用副词digitally"数字地"，作状语。故填digitally。
46．（2025·全国一卷） 假定你是李华，你班的英语报要增设一个栏目。外教Jenny提出"Fun at my school"和"Guess who I am"两个选项供大家选择。请给 Jenny 写一封邮件，内容包括：（1）你的选择；（2）说明理由。
注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jenny, I really like the idea of adding a new column to our English newspaper. …… Yours, Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jenny.
Thank you for proposing two fantastic themes! l believe "GuessWholAm" is the ideal choice.
This column could feature anonymous stories from classmates such as unique hobbies or memorable trips allowing readers to guess the author's identity through clues. Not only would this spark curiosity and class interaction, but it also promotes mutual understanding across different cultures. For instance, a story about celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival might help international peers appreciate Chinese traditions.
Such engaging content aligns perfectly with our newspaper's goal to combine education with entertainment.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份写一封邮件，就班级英语报增设新栏目一事，在外教Jenny提出的两个选项（"Fun at my school"和"Guess who I am"）中选择一个，并说明选择的理由。邮件开头表达对增设新栏目的支持或喜爱。主体需要明确选择哪个栏目，详细说明选择的理由，可以包括该栏目的趣味性、教育性、互动性等方面。结尾要礼貌地结束邮件，并表达期待或感谢。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。
【点评】这封邮件整体上表达清晰、结构合理，理由充分，体现了对Jenny提议的感谢以及对所选主题"Guess Who I Am"的详细阐述。文中有一些好的词句，例如：l believe "Guess Who l Am" is the ideal choice.运用了宾语从句；This column could feature anonymous stories from classmates such as unique hobbies or memorable trips allowing readers to guess the author's identity through clues.运用了现在分词作状语； Not only would this spark curiosity and class interaction, but it also promotes mutual understanding across different cultures.运用了并列句，倒装句； For instance, a story about celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival might help international peers appreciate Chinese traditions.运用了省略to的不定式作宾补；Such engaging content aligns perfectly with our newspaper's goal to combine education with entertainment.运用了不定式作后置定语。
47．（2025·全国一卷） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My wife and I wanted to share our new home with family and friends by hosting a small gathering in the early summer. She had prepared lots of snacks, while my job was to have the backyard in order.
There was plenty of space for the kids to run and play. There was just one thing I hadn't counted on: My brother chose to bring his dog Toby, a 50-pound ball of fire. Though friendly, he could easily knock over my niece's small boys and my six-month-old granddaughter. So, when my brother showed up, I asked him to watch Toby and keep him outside.
My plan was working out just fine. Toby was using up his energy by running back and forth in the backyard and giving the kids plenty of room. Unexpectedly, after supper, the weather changed. It started to rain and everyone went indoors.
It was an awkward moment. I didn't want Toby to be running around in the house, and my brother wasn't happy with driving home with a wet dog. Eventually, my brother decided to leave rather than force the issue.
A few days passed, and I hadn't heard anything from my brother. I texted him and expressed wishes for him to come out again. His reply came as a surprise – a shock, actually: "Not a chance." Clearly, he was unhappy over the way we had parted. After all, I had left him little choice. Well, he'll get over it, I reasoned.
Two months passed. My wife suggested I get in touch with my brother, but I resisted, thinking he should call first. However, my conscience (良心) kept bothering me. I tried to put myself in my brother's shoes. He was facing health issues and his wife of thirty-five years had passed away a few months earlier. Toby was his constant companion, the one who kept him going.
注意：（1）续写词数应为150个左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
I realized it was me who was at fault. …… With the biscuits my wife had made, I arrived at my brother's door.
【答案】 I realized it was me who was at fault.
The thought weighed heavily on my mind. How could I have let my pride get in the way of our relationship My conscience nagged at me, making it hard to focus on anything else. My wife noticed the worry on my face. "People make mistakes. Why not visit him now—take some of those biscuits I just baked It's never too late to say sorry." Her voice was warm and reassuring. Holding the warm biscuits, I felt a bit of hope stirring inside, mixed with nervous anticipation. Determined to make things right, I quickly set off.
With the biscuits my wife had made, I arrived at my brother's door.
Taking a deep breath, I knocked. The moment he opened the door, I saw doubt on his face, but he let me in. "I'm sorry for what happened that night," I said quietly, setting the biscuits on the table. My brother was silent, then sighed. "I guess I could have handled it better, too. I know you didn't mean any harm." Relief washed over me. The next hour saw us talking and sharing memories and laughter. As I left, he gave me a hug and smiled, the same way he always had. I knew, at that moment, our bond was as strong as ever.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章，讲述了作者因担心弟弟的狗Toby影响聚会，要求弟弟看好狗，后因天气变化导致弟弟提前离开并心生芥蒂。两个月后作者意识到自己的过错，主动带着妻子做的饼干登门道歉，最终兄弟俩和解的故事，展现了亲情中理解与包容的重要性。 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容"我意识到是我错了。" 可知，第一段可描写作者反思自己在聚会上只顾控制局面，忽视了Toby对弟弟的重要性，因骄傲迟迟未联系弟弟，最终通过电话留言道歉并约定见面。
②由第二段首句内容"带着妻子做的饼干，我来到了弟弟家门口。"可知，第二段可描写弟弟开门时的惊讶与沉默，兄弟俩拥抱和解，坐在门廊上谈心，看着Toby依偎在弟弟腿边，明白亲情修复的意义。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】该续写情节连贯、情感真挚、细节生动、主题明确，并在此基础上进行了合理的延伸和发展，展现了主人公从认识到自己的错误到主动寻求和解的过程。文中有一些好的词句，例如：How could I have let my pride get in the way of our relationship 运用了省略to 的不定式作宾补；My conscience nagged at me, making it hard to focus on anything else.运用了现在分词作状语，it作形式宾语； Why not visit him now—take some of those biscuits I just baked 运用了why not固定句式，限制性定语从句； It's never too late to say sorry.运用了固定句式too...to....； Holding the warm biscuits, I felt a bit of hope stirring inside, mixed with nervous anticipation. 运用了现在分词作状语；Determined to make things right, I quickly set off.运用了过去分词作状语；Taking a deep breath, I knocked. 运用了现在分词作状语； The moment he opened the door, I saw doubt on his face, but he let me in.运用了时间状语从句，转折并列句；" I'm sorry for what happened that night," I said quietly, setting the biscuits on the table. 运用了宾语从句，现在分词作状语； I guess I could have handled it better, too.运用了宾语从句； I know you didn't mean any harm.运用了宾语从句； The next hour saw us talking and sharing memories and laughter. 运用了现在分词作宾补；As I left, he gave me a hug and smiled, the same way he always had. 运用了时间状语从句，方式状语从句； I knew, at that moment, our bond was as strong as ever.运用了宾语从句。
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