【期末押题预测】期末核心考点 议论文阅读理解（含答案与解析）2024-2025学年外研版（2019）英语高一下学期

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
期末核心考点 议论文阅读理解
一．阅读理解（共15小题）
1．（2025春 湖南期末） As parents，we want our kids to be persistent（坚持不懈的） and rise to face any challenge.But when your kids are complaining that they hate basketball or saying that they don't want to take dance anymore，should you force them to continue with the sport or activity？
Vanessa Lapointe，a family educator，says that it's OK for you to allow your kids to stop an activity，if it's not right after a discouraging practice."Even as adults，it's hard for us to stick with something new—especially when we feel unsure，or not good enough，"she says."It is harder for young children who don't have life experience to understand how effort is exchanged for outcomes."
That's not to say that any time your kids don't feel like doing something，you should let them off the hook.Kids can benefit from being uncomfortable.While they may not be the best at something at once，the confidence that comes from knowing or improving at an activity can be worth it.
"Probably a little gentle encouragement to give it a fair go is suitable，"says Lapointe.She encourages parents to consider the kids' personality and why the activity isn't satisfying before giving up.
Sometimes，we should clearly know whose dream it is anyway when pushing the kids to succeed.In the story Parent's Dream，David Mario's father put him through endless training in order to make him become a professional soccer player.But later，Mario was unwilling to try anything including soccer.Lapointe says that this often happens when parents put their own unrealized dreams onto their kids.
"Young children do not yet have the ability to understand the exchange of time and effort for an outcome，especially those aged under 10，"says Mary Kickel，a Harvard﹣trained psychologist."For them，it really should be about inspiring them to take part in activities that are joy﹣filled，playful and interesting.Our job is to grow children who are hardy，not hardened."
（1）What does the underlined phrase"off the hook"in paragraph 3 probably mean？ 　 　
A.Offer help.
B.Make a choice.
C.Get out of difficulty.
D.Face the challenge.
（2）What does the story Parent's Dream show？ 　 　
A.Kids' success is due to their parents.
B.Parents' dreams on kids can do harm.
C.Kids should carry on with their parents' dreams.
D.Kids' dreams are as important as their parents'.
（3）What does Kickel suggest parents do for the under﹣10s？ 　 　
A.Stay with them.
B.Push them hard.
C.Train them to be persistent.
D.Let them join in fun activities.
（4）What is the best title for the text？ 　 　
A.The Cost of Pushing Children Too Far
B.How Can a Parent Balance Freedom and Work？
C.Should You Let Your Kid Stop an Activity？
D.A Never﹣Ending Discussion of Children's Interests
2．（2024春 武汉期末） Ask any parents of young children whether they've ever felt overwhelmed （不堪重负的），and the answer will probably be—yes.Even in the most relaxed households there can be days when things seem to be out of control，leaving parents exhausted and annoyed.Kids often don't have an off button or a quiet voice.
Common as this feeling is，there's a personality trait （特点） that can make everyday family life more overwhelming for some parents.Roughly 20%﹣30% of the population are classed as being a highly sensitive person，according to a 2018 research.People who have it may find it hard to cope with bright lights and loud noise，and feel very stressful.It can also involve a stronger understanding of other people's feelings—empathy （同情）.
According to the psychologists，being highly sensitive is not a disorder but a personality trait—a way of responding to one's environment. "Generally，highly sensitive people tend to react particularly strongly to sensory stimulation.They have stronger consciousness.They come to realize more details，" says Michael Pluess，a psychologist specializing in the study. "They will pick up on the moods of other people，have higher empathy，process things more deeply and pick up more about the environment.Deeply affected by what they see and feel，highly sensitive people are also easily overstimulated."
The challenges highly sensitive parents face—including stress and overstimulation in a messy environment—can affect "high quality parenting".In the early stages of parenthood，such parents report greater stress and find parenting more difficult than other parents do.
Fortunately，though，the trait also comes with certain advantages.Recent evidence suggests that while highly sensitive parents initially experienced high levels of stress，they showed improved parenting styles by the time their babies were nine months old.In the short term，sensitive people are more easily overwhelmed with change，but when it comes to parenting，highly sensitive parents have the potential to be exceptional.They can understand their children and respond to their needs quickly and appropriately.
Since parental overwhelm can affect anyone，whether highly sensitive or not，some of the coping strategies for highly sensitive people could benefit all parents.
（1）What does the author imply in the first paragraph？ 　 　
A．The life of young parents is colorful.
B．The kids are unhappy for lack of love.
C．Young kids are often tough to deal with.
D．It is easy to get everything under control.
（2）What does Michael Pluess say about highly sensitive people？ 　 　
A．They possess no good insight.
B．It is hard to overstimulate them.
C．They better understand the environment.
D．It is common for them to overlook details.
（3）How does the author consider the high sensitivity among young parents？ 　 　
A．Deeply rooted.
B．Extremely harmful.
C．Greatly unstable.
D．Potentially beneficial.
（4）What might the author continue talking about？ 　 　
A．Outcomes of coping strategies.
B．Tips for highly sensitive parents.
C．Responses to the concern about parenting.
D．Evaluation of overwhelmed parents' impact.
3．（2024春 达拉特旗校级期末） Pindar Van Arman is a painter，but he's also a software designer.He has built some machines and worked on a DARPA challenge team in California to build a self﹣driving car.His latest project？A robot painter，BitPaintr.
BitPaintr is Van Arman's fifth robot in 10 years.Earlier versions included devices that produced simpler paintings with algorithms （算法）.But the idea for BitPaintr is simple：A user just uploads a picture，and it can paint totally on its own and develop its own style.
Although his friends joke that he has invented a really expensive，slow，bad painter，Van Arman says teaching a machine how to be creative has helped him get to the bottom of what creativity is —and appreciate it.
"When you're trying to teach a machine to do something that's easy for humans，it really makes you sit back and see what humans are doing，" he says.
So what is creativity，then，if a robot with a paintbrush can be —or appear to be —just as creative as a human with a paintbrush？
Mark Riedl，a professor at the Georgia Tech School of Interactive Computing，says it depends on how you define creativity. "There is creativity and Creativity，" Riedl says. "Being 'creative' usually has something to do with the little things that we do hundreds of times in our daily lives.They could be creative，but usually aren't.To be 'Creative' is to have an imagination that will have a huge impact on a social level —the Picassos and the Mozarts of the world；the people who have produced something that's taken on this additional level of meaning."
Riedl admits what robots create is far from human﹣level quality art，but he sees robots entering the creative process as a positive thing.
"We want the computers to keep up with us，" he says. "And thanks to researchers like Van Arman，it seems like they will，although they will not replace us，but to help us to be more creative."
（1）Which is a new quality of BitPaintr？ 　 　
A.Simplicity.
B.Creativity.
C.Speed.
D.Profitability.
（2）What is Van Arman's friends' attitude to BitPaintr？ 　 　
A.Favorable.
B.Doubtful.
C.Unclear.
D.Hopeful.
（3）What does Mark Riedl suggest about computers？ 　 　
A.They will defeat the greatest artists soon.
B.They can produce "Creative" things by themselves.
C.They will learn more from the Picassos and the Mozarts.
D.They can help us to do daily things in more "creative" ways.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text？ 　 　
A.Can BitPaintr﹣like Robots Replace Artists in the Future？
B.Why Do People Have Sharply Different Views on AI Robots？
C.What Is the Difference Between the Two Kinds of Creativity？
D.Can BitPaintr Be Considered a "Creative" Painting Software？
4．（2024春 潢川县期末） Is forgiveness against our human nature？To answer our question，we need to ask a further question：What is the nature of our humanity？To put it in a simple way，people consider two completely different views of humanity.The first view is about dominance （统治） and power.In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness，Droll （1984）made the interesting claim that humans' key nature is more aggressive （好斗的） than forgiving allows.Those who forgive are against their basic nature，much to their harm.In his opinion，forgivers are giving up their well﹣being as they offer kindness to others，who might then take advantage of them.
The second view focuses on the theme of cooperation，mutual respect，and even love as the basis of who we are as humans.Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings，we need both to receive love from and offer love to others.Without love，our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart.Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.For example，how well has slavery （奴隶制） worked as a mode of social harmony？
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans，forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness，shown through scientific studies，is the decreasing of hate and the rebuilding of harmony.Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger.At least to the extent the people from whom you are keeping away accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments.Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note，when we take a classical philosophical view，that of Aristotle，we see the difference between potentiality and actuality.We are not necessarily born with the capability to forgive，but instead with the potential （潜能） to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.The actuality of forgiving，its actual behavior in unfriendly situations，develops with practice.
（1）What is Droll's idea about forgiveness？ 　 　
A.People should offer kindness to others.
B.People who forgive can have their own well﹣being affected.
C.Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity.
D.Aggressive people should learn to forgive.
（2）What does the example in Paragraph 2 display？ 　 　
A.To forgive is to love.
B.To fight is to grow.
C.To give is to receive.
D.To dominate is to harm.
（3）Which of the following might the writer NOT agree with？ 　 　
A.Forgiveness can help us stay calm and find inner peace.
B.Improved relationship can be one of results from forgiveness.
C.Forgiveness is vital to the biological and physical integrity of humans.
D.The people accepting your forgiveness may likely make possible changes.
（4）What is message of the last paragraph？ 　 　
A.Forgiveness is in our nature.
B.Forgiveness grows with time.
C.Actuality is based on potentiality.
D.It takes practice to forgive.
5．（2024春 淮安期末） A large﹣scale analysis（分析）of nearly 1，000 scientific studies has shown just how closely human activity is tied to public health.The findings suggest environmental changes caused by human activities are making the risk of infectious（传染的） disease outbreaks all the more likely.The biodiversity（生物多样性） crisis—which has let some one million plant and animal species at risk of extinction—is a leading driver of disease spread，the researchers found.
"It could mean that by changing the environment，we increase the risks of future pandemics（流行病），"said Jason Rohr，a co﹣author of the study and a biologist at the University of Notre Dame.
The analysis studied at least one of five "global change drivers" affecting wildlife and landscapes on Earth：biodiversity change，climate change，habitat loss and change，chemical pollution and the introduction of non﹣native species to new areas.The researchers collected nearly 3，000 data points related to how each of these factors might impact the seriousness of infectious disease outbreaks.
Their conclusions showed that four of the examined factors—climate change，chemical pollution，the introduction of non﹣native species to new areas and biodiversity loss—all increased the likelihood of spreading diseases，with the latter having the most significant impact.Disease and death rate were nearly nine times higher in areas of the world where human activity has reduced biodiversity，compared to the levels expected by Earth's natural variation in biodiversity.
One global change factor，however，actually reduced the likelihood of disease outbreaks：habitat loss and change.But here，context is key.Most habitat loss is linked to creating a single type of environment—urban （城市的） ecosystems—which generally have good sanitation（卫生） systems，reducing opportunities for disease outbreaks.
The new work adds to past research on how human activity can cause the spread of disease.The research signals the need for public health officials to remain watchful as the effects of human﹣caused climate change arise.
（1）What do the findings reveal according to the first two paragraphs？ 　 　
A.Human activities do great damage to public health.
B.Biodiversity crises increase the risk of disease outbreaks.
C.Millions of plant and animal species are at risk of extinction.
D.Human﹣caused environmental changes lead to species extinction.
（2）What is paragraph 3 mainly about？ 　 　
A.The process of the study.
B.The result of the study.
C.The meaning of data analysis.
D.The impact of disease outbreaks.
（3）Compared with the other four "global change drivers"，habitat loss and change 　 　 .
A.worsened the disease outbreaks
B.had the most significant impact
C.made urban ecosystems more delicate
D.made it less likely to spread diseases
（4）What might be the focus of the follow﹣up discussion？ 　 　
A.The expectations held by public health officials.
B.The measures to be taken by the health systems.
C.The effects of human activities on climate change.
D.The concerns about climate change and biodiversity loss.
6．（2024春 温州期末） In the 1930s，the first cake mixes（蛋糕粉）which only required water were invented and some people argued that this approach，the easiest，was the best.But others thought cooks would want to do more.The cake﹣mix argument may be out﹣dated，but its central question remains：Just how demanding do we want our technologies to be？
Then what is a demanding technology？Two elements are included：One is that it is technology that takes time to master，and the other is that its operation includes some real risk of failure.Therefore，a piano is a demanding technology，as is a programming language or a machine system.
However，so﹣called easy technologies usually require little concentrated effort and produce predictable results.Clearly，easy technologies have remade human society over the past century，but the problem is that，as every individual task becomes easier，we demand much more of both ourselves and others.As a result，we are faced with a larger number of small tasks （writing hundreds of e﹣mails） instead of fewer difficult tasks （writing several long letters）.And，when every task is easy，nearly all people are multitasking（多任务处理）.
Easy technologies supposedly free us to focus on what matters，but sometimes what matters gets eliminated.Everyone knows that it is easier to drive to the top of a mountain than to hike；the views may be the same，but the feeling never is.Following the same idea，we develop into beings that can do more.However，we can't get the same satisfaction as we expect.
I don't mean that everything needs to be done the hard way.But we must take challenges seriously，or we'll face the danger of becoming creatures whose lives are less satisfying.
（1）What makes demanding technologies different from easy technologies？ 　 　
A.It requires much effort.
B.It takes little attention.
C.It achieves intended effect.
D.It deals with machines.
（2）What is a possible result of easy technologies？ 　 　
A.More time for concentration.
B.Writing much longer letters.
C.Lower expectations on others.
D.Doing various tasks at a time.
（3）What does the underlined word"eliminated"in paragraph 4 mean？ 　 　
A.Noticed.
B.Stressed.
C.Improved.
D.Removed.
（4）Which of the following can be the best title of this passage？ 　 　
A.The Argument Over Cake Mixes.
B.What Is A Demanding Technology？
C.The Problem With Easy Technologies.
D.What Challenges Do Humans Face？
7．（2024春 苏州期末） People send messages every day on social media.These online conversations can have a huge impact and shape how societies make decisions.But there is a growing problem.Sometimes people don't listen to each other and can say really hurtful things.Would it be better if there were an advisor in online talks？We tried to use artificial intelligence （AI）（人工智能） to carry out this task.
So，we did an online experiment with pairs of people discussing a challenging topic.In the first group，one participant（参与者） in each pair had an AI helper.The AI tried to make sure the discussion was polite and respectful.It didn't change the participant's point of view，though!The participant could accept or refuse the suggestions or completely edit the message an AI helper offers.In the control group，the people had a conversation on the same topic but neither of the participants had an AI helper.After the discussions ended，the pairs shared their thoughts on how good the conversation was.
In our study，the participants accepted the AI's suggestions two thirds of the time.When they used the AI's suggestions，the messages became more positive and polite.Participants whose partners used the AI reported feeling better about the conversation.They were more willing to understand and respect each other，even if they still disagreed.The people who used the AI themselves didn't report a huge change in how they felt about the conversation.However，they were more willing to respect the opinions of others!
The results of our study show that AI did a good job of making online discussions polite.But you don't need a reminder to be respectful.Even in the vast digital world，each conversation matters.Your choice to be kind and respectful can make a big difference.It can promote a culture of healthy discussion and understanding.This is also true for real﹣life conversations.
（1）What do the underlined words "this task" in paragraph 1 probably refer to？ 　 　
A.Starting talks.
B.Guiding conversations.
C.Changing views.
D.Sending messages.
（2）What do we learn about participants with AI helpers？ 　 　
A.They responded to AI politely.
B.They changed views as AI suggested.
C.They tended to respect others' views.
D.They experienced mixed feelings.
（3）What does the author want to stress in the last paragraph？ 　 　
A.The effectiveness of AI in online discussions.
B.The significance of respectful communication.
C.The importance of reminders in conversations.
D.The balance between technologies and choices.
（4）Which is the most suitable title for the text？ 　 　
A.Can AI remove mean posts？
B.Can AI make online talks kinder？
C.How to respect different opinions？
D.How to reach an agreement online？
8．（2023春 让胡路区校级期末） Last summer，the story about a CEO who encouraged employees to take mental health days spread online.It led to many media stories about the importance of taking care of your mental health including taking a mental health day when you need one.
But what about kids？Should you let your child take a mental health day from school？The answer isn't a simple yes or no.It's important for kids to power through some discomfort，like going to school even when they're afraid of giving a presentation，or when they don't have their math homework done.There's a lot of value in showing them that they're stronger than they think.But when they're feeling so bad that they're struggling to function，and going to school is likely to make it worse，a mental health day might be just what the doctor ordered.
Letting kids take the occasional（偶尔的） mental health day﹣maybe once or twice a year﹣could make them believe that taking care of their minds is vital，just as they should take care of their bodies.It can also be a great opportunity to help them sharpen their emotional skills and build the mental muscles they need to stay strong.
A good way to spend a mental health day is to use the time to do the following things.
Solve a problem.If your child is stressed out by a specific problem，you might be able to turn a mental health day into a problem﹣solving opportunity.
Practice self﹣care.If your child is exhausted or overworked，an occasional day off may help him recuperate.It could be an opportunity to develop healthier habits，like going to sleep earlier，eating nutritious （有营养的）food，and getting plenty of exercise.
See a professional.If your child is struggling to attend school，seek professional help.Schedule an appointment with your pediatrician（儿科医生）to talk about your child's mental health needs.A physician may refer you to a mental health professional if it's necessary.
（1）What did people do after reading the story about a CEO？ 　 　
A．They decided to take more days off work.
B．They realized mental health needs care too.
C．They decided to read some media stories about him.
D．They became worried about employees' mental health.
（2）Which of the following shows the author's opinion？ 　 　
A．All children need a mental health day.
B．Kids need a mental health day less than adults.
C．Schools should arrange regular mental health days.
D．A mental health day is sometimes necessary for children.
（3）What does the underlined word "recuperate" in Paragraph 6 mean？ 　 　
A．Recover.
B．Think.
C．Sleep.
D．Exercise.
（4）What would be the best title for the text？ 　 　
A．When do kids need mental health days？
B．Why do people need mental health days？
C．How can kids make use of mental health days？
D．Should kids be allowed to take mental health days？
9．（2023春 唐山期末） It was a quiet early afternoon in the library，and we librarians were enjoying a chat at the library desk.Suddenly，a regular reader，who had been reading a magazine，marched up to us，gave us an annoyed "Shush （嘘）!" and went back to her seat.
Shocked into silence，we tried not to laugh.How strange for a group of librarians to be shushed by a reader!Shouldn't it be the other way around？
Well，it seems hard to explain.If you're a baby boomer （婴儿潮出生的人） like me，you probably remember libraries as places of adults' silent reading.These days，however，libraries are more like busy community centers，where being noisy to some degree is the new normal，especially when kids are taking part.
I am a loud librarian.My voice is naturally on the louder side.The hundreds of programs I led as a children's librarian were filled with singing，dancing，movement exercises and cheerful readings of books with crowds of children and their caregivers.No shushing allowed!
Growing knowledge about the importance of kids and teens learning through hands﹣on experiences has since caused a sea change in how public libraries connect with young readers.These types of programs like board games，poetry reading and story times certainly aren't designed to be silent.
But it's a balancing act.Not all readers—or librarians—like the idea of a noisy library.It's clear to me now that on the day my colleagues and I were shushed by a reader，we should have been using our "library voices" as we talked.Still，it's unlikely that libraries will ever return to the days when they were places of silence.There's just too much fun and learning happening.I heartily agree with my friend Rachel Payne，an early﹣childhood service educator at the Brooklyn Public Library，who told me， "When I visit a library and it is quiet，I always feel a bit sad.A library where conversations are happening and tables are full is a very good thing!"
（1）How did the author think of the shush from a reader？ 　 　
A．Unexpectedly funny.
B．Really annoying.
C．Quite necessary.
D．Very heartwarming.
（2）What can be inferred about today's libraries？ 　 　
A．They serve kids only.
B．They become quieter.
C．They are less popular.
D．They have different functions.
（3）Why does the author quote Rachel Payne？ 　 　
A．To show different voices.
B．To express the author's idea.
C．To make the end interesting.
D．To promote a new reading method.
（4）What is the best title for the text？ 　 　
A．How to Act in the Library
B．It's OK for a Library to Be Noisy
C．Why to Keep Silent in the Library
D．It's Necessary for Librarians to Change
10．（2023春 翠屏区校级期末）America is a mobile society.Friendships between Americans can be close and real ，yet disappear soon if situations change.Neither side feels hurt by this.Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two，perhaps a few letters for a while then no more.If the same two people meet again by chance，even years later，they pick up the friendship.This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand，because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings，extending（延伸）sometimes deeply into both families.
Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes，and share their holidays and their home life.They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality（好客）easily.
Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday life，they don't show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time.This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous with our time.Sometimes，we，as hosts，will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend.We may take days off to act as guides for our foreign friends.The Americans，however，express their welcome usually at home，but truly can not manage a great deal of time to do with a visitor outside their daily routine.They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus.And they expect that we will phone them from there.Once we arrive at their homes，the welcome will be full，warm and real.We will find ourselves treated hospitably.
For the Americans，it is often considered friendlier to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants，except for purely business matters.So accept their hospitality at home!
（1）The writer of this passage must be 　 　 .
A．an American
B．a Chinese
C．a professor
D．a student
（2）What does the underlined phrase " generous with our time " in Paragraph 3 probably mean ？　 　
A．Willing to spend time.
B．Serious about time.
C．Careful with time.
D．Strict with time.
（3）When we arrive in America to visit an American friend，we will be 　 　 .
A．warmly welcomed at the airport
B．offered a ride to his home
C．treated kindly at his home
D．treated to dinner in a restaurant
（4）What is the best title for this passage ？ 　 　
A．Friendships between Chinese
B．Friendships between Americans
C．Americans' hospitality
D．Americans' and Chinese people's different views on friendship
11．（2023春 蓝田县期末） When I was young，a friend and I came up with a "big" plan to make reading easy.The idea was to boil down great books to a sentence each. "Moby﹣Dick" by American writer Herman Melville，for instance，was reduced to： "A whale of a tale about the one that got away." As it turned out， the joke was on us.How could a single sentence convey the essence （精髓） of a masterpiece with over five hundred pages？
Blinkist，a website and an app，now summarizes nonfiction titles in the form of quick takes labeled "bliks." The end result is more than one sentence，but not by much.Sarah Bakewell's "At the Existentialist Cafe" is broken into 11 screens of information；Michelle Obama's "Becoming" fills 13.
Blinkist has been around since 2012.It calls its summaries "15﹣minute discoveries" to indicate how long it takes to read a Blinkist summary. "Almost none of us，" the editors assure us， "have the time to read everything we'd like to read." Well，yes，of course. "So many books，so little time." declares a poster I once bought at a book market.But I judge the quality of someone's library by the books he or she has yet to read.
That's because a book is something we ought to live with，rather than speed through and categorize.It offers an experience as real as any other.The point of reading a book is not accumulating information，or at least not that alone.The most essential aspect is the communication between writer and reader：The idea behind Blinkist，however，is the opposite：
Reading can be，should be，measured by the efficient uptake （吸收） of key ideas.No，no，no.What's best about reading books is its inefficiency.
When reading a book，we need to dive in，let it take over us，demand something of us，teach us what it can.Blinkist is instead a service that changes books for people who don't，in fact，want to read.A 15﹣minute summary misses the point of reading；speed﹣reading with the app isn't reading at all.
（1）What does the underlined part "the joke was on us" in Paragraph 1 mean？ 　 　
A．We were actually joking.
B．We were laughed at by others.
C．We were underestimating ourselves.
D．We were just embarrassing ourselves.
（2）What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？ 　 　
A．What Blinkist is.
B．Why Binkist is popular.
C．How to use Blinkist.
D．Where you can use Blinkist.
（3）What is mentioned as a problem about reading in paragraph 3？ 　 　
A．There are few new books of quality.
B．Many books are hard to understand.
C．People do not have enough time to read.
D．People do not like reading as much as before.
（4）What is an ideal pattern of reading according to the author？ 　 　
A．Obtaining key ideas efficiently.
B．Further confirming our beliefs.
C．Accumulating information quickly.
D．Deeply involving ourselves in books.
12．（2023春 周口期末） We always hear that texting is a disaster.The idea is that texting leads to the fall of a kind of serious literacy，or at least writing ability，among young people in the United States and now the whole world today.The fact of the matter is that it just isn't true.In order to see that actually texting is a magical thing，a kind of emergent complexity （复杂） that we're seeing happening right now，we have to look at what language really is in which case，one thing that we see is that texting is not writing at all.
Basically，if we think about language，language has existed for at least 80，000 years，and it arose as speech.People talked.That's what we're probably genetically specified for.That's how we use language most.Writing is something that came along much later.There's a little bit of controversy （争议） as to exactly when that happened，but according to traditional opinions，if humanity had existed for 24 hours，then writing only came along at about 11：07 p.m.
Now don't get me wrong.Writing has certain advantages.When you write，because it's a conscious （有意识的） process，because you can look backwards，you can do things with language that are much less likely if you're just talking.
Informal speech is something quite different.Linguists （语言学家） have actually shown that when we're speaking informally in an unmonitored way，we tend to speak in word packets of maybe 7 to 10 words.You'll notice this if you ever have occasion to record yourself or a group of people talking.That's what speech is like.Speech is much freer.It's much more telegraphic.It's much less reflective—very different from writing.So we naturally tend to think，because we see language written so often，that that's what language is，but actually what language is，is speech.They are two things.
Now of course，as history has gone by，it's been natural for there to be a certain amount of bleed between speech and writing.
（1）Why do some people think texting is a disaster？ 　 　
A．It reduces people's ability to write.
B．It has no benefits to people's health.
C．It is hard to understand its complexity.
D．It makes people addicted to cellphones.
（2）What does the underlined word "arose" in Paragraph 2 mean？ 　 　
A．Served.
B．Responded.
C．Appeared.
D．Performed.
（3）What mainly makes writing differ from speech？ 　 　
A．It is easy to process.
B．It helps people think deeply.
C．It's about the nature of language.
D．It has more strengths than speech.
（4）What is mostly to be discussed in the paragraph that follows？ 　 　
A．The history of language.
B．More details about writing.
C．The importance of formal speech.
D．The relationship between speech and writing.
13．（2023春 梅州期末） "What do you want to be when you grow up？" When I was a kid，I dreaded the question.I never had a good answer.Adults always seemed terribly disappointed that I wasn't dreaming of becoming a scientist or an astronaut.
One of my complaints about the question is that it forces kids to define （定义） themselves in terms of work.When you're asked what you want to be when you grow up，it's not socially acceptable to say， "A father，" or， "A mother." This might be one of the reasons many parents say their most important value for their children is to care about others，yet their kids believe that top value is success.When we define ourselves by our jobs，our worth depends on what we achieve.
The upside of low expectations is that they erase the gap between what we want and what we get.A lot of evidence shows that instead of painting a rosy picture of a job，you're better off going in with a realistic preview of what it's really like.Sure，you might be less excited to take it，but on average you end up more productive.
I'm all for encouraging youngsters to aim high and dream big.But asking kids what they want to be leads them to claim a career identity they might never want to earn.So instead，invite them to think about what kind of person they want to be — and about all the different things they might want to do.
（1）What does the underlined word "dreaded" most probably mean in Paragraph 1？ 　 　
A．Became interested in.
B．Was satisfied with.
C．Cared little about.
D．Felt anxious about.
（2）What is the disadvantage of forcing kids to define themselves by jobs？ 　 　
A．Leading to a limited value about self﹣worth.
B．Getting them to make regular complaints.
C．Having side effects on their future work.
D．Preventing them from being kind and helpful.
（3）How can we work more productively in the author's opinion？ 　 　
A．Imagine our job to be promising.
B．Preview our job realistically as a whole.
C．Keep a normal attitude towards our job.
D．Take up a job in our desired career.
（4）What is the author's purpose of writing the text？ 　 　
A．To argue against a false belief.
B．To suggest a way to educate kids.
C．To present a few new points of view.
D．To encourage kids to dream big.
14．（2023春 天津期末） Sometimes people come into your life and you know right away that they are meant to be there…to serve some sort of purpose，teach you a lesson or help figure out who you are or who you want to become.
You never know who these people may be but，when you lock eyes with them，you know that every moment they will affect your life in a profound way.
And sometimes things happen to you at the time that may seem horrible，painful and unfair but，upon reflection，you realize that without overcoming those hardships，you would have never realized your potential，strength，willpower or heart.
Everything happens for a reason.Nothing happens by means of good luck.Illness，injury，love，lost moments of true greatness and absolute stupidity all happen to test the limits of you soul.
Without these small tests，life would be like a smooth，straight，flat road to nowhere.Safe and comfortable but meaningless.The people you meet affect your life.The successes and failures that you experience can create who you are，and the bad experiences can be learned from.In fact，they are probably the most important ones.
If someone hurts you，betrays （背叛） you or breaks your heart，forgive them because they have helped you learn about trust and the importance of being careful with whom you open your heart to.If someone loves you，love them back，not only because they love you，but because they are teaching you to love and open your heart and eyes to little things.
Make every day count.Appreciate every moment and take from it everything that you possibly can，for you may never be able to experience it again.Talk to people you have never talked to before，and actually listen.Hold your head up because you have every right to.Tell yourself you are an unique individual and believe in yourself，for if you don't believe in yourself，no one else will believe in you.
（1）The first paragraph tells us that 　 　 .
A．you will never know who will come into your life
B．your life is sometimes influenced deeply by someone
C．you need help to judge who you are in life
D．you know someone the moment you meet him
（2）It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that 　 　 .
A．everything is a test for you
B．there is no good luck in life
C．nothing happens by chance
D．there is a limit to your love
（3）The underlined word "ones" refers to 　 　 .
A．the people
B．the small tests
C．the successes
D．the bad experiences
（4）According to the passage，you are advised to 　 　 .
A．set a higher life goal
B．open your heart to others
C．live everyday to the full
D．treat yourself as a great person
（5）The writer develops the passage by 　 　 .
A．analyzing data
B．reasoning
C．giving examples
D．telling a story
15．（2022秋 宁波期末）When living or travelling internationally，we notice the differences between cultures before seeing the similarities.At first，some differences are easy to spot.Over time，however，there are some curious similarities between how people in the UK and China communicate.Indeed，international residents in both countries often complain about having to read what local people really mean，because it often differs from what is said.
In the UK，outsiders often get confused when they realise that a person making rude comments was actually showing love.In situations like this，context is everything.Likewise，in China，outsiders must infer most meaning from context and from what is not said，rather than from what is.Otherwise，misunderstandings happen.
The UK and China contexts share further cultural features，which greatly influence how people communicate，including the cultural trait （特点） of non﹣conflict.The British will do everything to avoid conflict.They wil probably tell the waiter it was lovely even when served with poor quality food.This cultural trait can cause major misunderstandings.For example，a British business partner who is deeply unhappy with your proposal will probably say "there are just a couple of small concerns，" rather than telling you that the entire proposal is unsatisfactory.
Chinese communication shows a very similar conflict prevention.Often challenges，errors，mistakes，or problems remain completely taboos （禁忌） as topics of discussion，even though everyone knows of their existence.Instead，people talk about working towards further goals or objectives，rather than directly admit that the current situation is far from satisfactory.Likewise，Chinese people like to keep a sense of harmony within all environments，and so avoid open criticism of each other.This is very similar to the way that a British person might tell you a colleague "is very confident" rather than that they are rude.In this sense，the British and Chinese can appreciate each other for harmony.
（1）What does the author suggest in Paragraph 2？　 　
A．Polite comments are encouraged.
B．Learning what is not said is difficult.
C．Context is important in communication.
D．Misunderstandings often happen among outsiders.
（2）What will the British and the Chinese probably both agree with？　 　
A．Talking over taboos in discussions.
B．Preventing misunderstandings in work.
C．Avoiding discussing one's mistakes in public.
D．Making use of cultural traits in communication.
（3）How does the author develop this passage？　 　
A．By using figures.
B．By making comparison.
C．By listing reasons.
D．By making classifications.
（4）Which is the most suitable title for the passage？　 　
A．Cultural Context
B．Conflict Prevention
C．Cultural Differences
D．Communication Puzzles
期末核心考点 议论文阅读理解
参考答案与试题解析
一．阅读理解（共15小题）
1．（2025春 湖南期末） As parents，we want our kids to be persistent（坚持不懈的） and rise to face any challenge.But when your kids are complaining that they hate basketball or saying that they don't want to take dance anymore，should you force them to continue with the sport or activity？
Vanessa Lapointe，a family educator，says that it's OK for you to allow your kids to stop an activity，if it's not right after a discouraging practice."Even as adults，it's hard for us to stick with something new—especially when we feel unsure，or not good enough，"she says."It is harder for young children who don't have life experience to understand how effort is exchanged for outcomes."
That's not to say that any time your kids don't feel like doing something，you should let them off the hook.Kids can benefit from being uncomfortable.While they may not be the best at something at once，the confidence that comes from knowing or improving at an activity can be worth it.
"Probably a little gentle encouragement to give it a fair go is suitable，"says Lapointe.She encourages parents to consider the kids' personality and why the activity isn't satisfying before giving up.
Sometimes，we should clearly know whose dream it is anyway when pushing the kids to succeed.In the story Parent's Dream，David Mario's father put him through endless training in order to make him become a professional soccer player.But later，Mario was unwilling to try anything including soccer.Lapointe says that this often happens when parents put their own unrealized dreams onto their kids.
"Young children do not yet have the ability to understand the exchange of time and effort for an outcome，especially those aged under 10，"says Mary Kickel，a Harvard﹣trained psychologist."For them，it really should be about inspiring them to take part in activities that are joy﹣filled，playful and interesting.Our job is to grow children who are hardy，not hardened."
（1）What does the underlined phrase"off the hook"in paragraph 3 probably mean？ 　C　
A.Offer help.
B.Make a choice.
C.Get out of difficulty.
D.Face the challenge.
（2）What does the story Parent's Dream show？ 　B　
A.Kids' success is due to their parents.
B.Parents' dreams on kids can do harm.
C.Kids should carry on with their parents' dreams.
D.Kids' dreams are as important as their parents'.
（3）What does Kickel suggest parents do for the under﹣10s？ 　D　
A.Stay with them.
B.Push them hard.
C.Train them to be persistent.
D.Let them join in fun activities.
（4）What is the best title for the text？ 　C　
A.The Cost of Pushing Children Too Far
B.How Can a Parent Balance Freedom and Work？
C.Should You Let Your Kid Stop an Activity？
D.A Never﹣Ending Discussion of Children's Interests
【答案】CBDC
【分析】本文属于议论文，讨论了当孩子不再喜欢某个活动时，家长是否应该强迫孩子继续坚持的问题，指出需要结合孩子的性格特点与活动的意义作出合理判断。
【解答】（1）词句猜测题。根据第三段中Kids can benefit from being uncomfortable.While they may not be the best at something at once，the confidence that comes from knowing or improving at an activity can be worth it.（孩子从不适中可以获益。尽管他们可能不是某件事中最好的，但通过学习或进步所带来的自信是值得的）可知，孩子从不适中可以获益，所以这并不是说只要你的孩子不想做某事，你就应该让他们摆脱困境。所以"off the hook"意为"摆脱困境"。A.Offer help题干帮助；B.Make a choice作出选择；C.Get out of difficulty摆脱困境；D.Face the challenge面对挑战。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第五段中的In the story Parent's Dream，David Mario's father put him through endless training in order to make him become a professional soccer player.But later，Mario was unwilling to try anything including soccer.（在《父母的梦想》这个故事中，David Mario的父亲让他接受无休止的训练，为的是让他成为一名职业足球运动员。但后来，Mario对包括足球在内的所有事情都不愿再尝试）可推断，父母将自己的梦想强加到孩子身上会对孩子产生负面影响。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段For them，it really should be about inspiring them to take part in activities that are joy﹣filled，playful and interesting.Our job is to grow children who are hardy，not hardened."（对他们来说，这真的应该是关于激励他们参与充满欢乐、有趣和吸引人的活动。我们的工作是培养坚韧的孩子，而不是让他们变得冷。）可知，Kickel建议父母鼓励10岁以下的孩子参加一些有趣的活动，而不是推得过于严厉或刻板。故选D。
（4）标题判断题。文章讨论了当孩子不再喜欢某个活动时，家长是否应该强迫孩子继续坚持的问题，指出需要结合孩子的性格特点与活动的意义作出合理判断。所以短文的最佳标题为C.Should You Let Your Kid Stop an Activity？"你应该让孩子停止某项活动吗？"故选C。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
2．（2024春 武汉期末） Ask any parents of young children whether they've ever felt overwhelmed （不堪重负的），and the answer will probably be—yes.Even in the most relaxed households there can be days when things seem to be out of control，leaving parents exhausted and annoyed.Kids often don't have an off button or a quiet voice.
Common as this feeling is，there's a personality trait （特点） that can make everyday family life more overwhelming for some parents.Roughly 20%﹣30% of the population are classed as being a highly sensitive person，according to a 2018 research.People who have it may find it hard to cope with bright lights and loud noise，and feel very stressful.It can also involve a stronger understanding of other people's feelings—empathy （同情）.
According to the psychologists，being highly sensitive is not a disorder but a personality trait—a way of responding to one's environment. "Generally，highly sensitive people tend to react particularly strongly to sensory stimulation.They have stronger consciousness.They come to realize more details，" says Michael Pluess，a psychologist specializing in the study. "They will pick up on the moods of other people，have higher empathy，process things more deeply and pick up more about the environment.Deeply affected by what they see and feel，highly sensitive people are also easily overstimulated."
The challenges highly sensitive parents face—including stress and overstimulation in a messy environment—can affect "high quality parenting".In the early stages of parenthood，such parents report greater stress and find parenting more difficult than other parents do.
Fortunately，though，the trait also comes with certain advantages.Recent evidence suggests that while highly sensitive parents initially experienced high levels of stress，they showed improved parenting styles by the time their babies were nine months old.In the short term，sensitive people are more easily overwhelmed with change，but when it comes to parenting，highly sensitive parents have the potential to be exceptional.They can understand their children and respond to their needs quickly and appropriately.
Since parental overwhelm can affect anyone，whether highly sensitive or not，some of the coping strategies for highly sensitive people could benefit all parents.
（1）What does the author imply in the first paragraph？ 　C　
A．The life of young parents is colorful.
B．The kids are unhappy for lack of love.
C．Young kids are often tough to deal with.
D．It is easy to get everything under control.
（2）What does Michael Pluess say about highly sensitive people？ 　C　
A．They possess no good insight.
B．It is hard to overstimulate them.
C．They better understand the environment.
D．It is common for them to overlook details.
（3）How does the author consider the high sensitivity among young parents？ 　D　
A．Deeply rooted.
B．Extremely harmful.
C．Greatly unstable.
D．Potentially beneficial.
（4）What might the author continue talking about？ 　B　
A．Outcomes of coping strategies.
B．Tips for highly sensitive parents.
C．Responses to the concern about parenting.
D．Evaluation of overwhelmed parents' impact.
【答案】CCDB
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了高度敏感的父母压力很大、不堪重负主要受环境的影响；同时也阐述了其好处是在经过一段时间的高压力后，高敏感度的父母养育孩子的能力会得到提升。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段的Even in the most relaxed households there can be days when things seem to be out of control，leaving parents exhausted and annoyed.Kids often don't have an off button or a quiet voice（即使在最轻松的家庭中，有时事情似乎也会失控，让父母筋疲力尽和烦恼。孩子们通常没有关闭按钮或安静的声音）可知，大部分父母在养育孩子的过程中都曾感到疲惫和烦躁，因为孩子很难管教。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段的They will pick up on the moods of other people，have higher empathy，process things more deeply and pick up more about the environment（他们会了解他人的情绪，有更高的同理心，更深入地处理事物，更多地了解环境）可知，心理学家Michael Pluess认为高度敏感的人能够更好地了解环境。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的In the short term，sensitive people are more easily overwhelmed with change，but when it comes to parenting，highly sensitive parents have the potential to be exceptional.They can understand their children and respond to their needs quickly and appropriately（在短期内，敏感的人更容易被变化所淹没，但在育儿方面，高度敏感的父母有可能成为例外。他们可以理解他们的孩子，并快速、适当地回应他们的需求）可知，高度敏感的年轻父母经历过一段时间的精神高压之后可以提高养育孩子的能力。因此，高敏感度对年轻父母来说可能是有益的。故选D。
（4）推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段Since parental overwhelm can affect anyone，whether highly sensitive or not，some of the coping strategies for highly sensitive people could benefit all parents（无论高度敏感与否，针对高度敏感人群的一些应对策略可以使所有父母受益）可推知，文章探讨了高度敏感对于处在育儿期的年轻父母的影响，谈论了其不好的一面，也涉及好的一面，所以作者接下来将会就如何避免由高度敏感所造成的精神压力这一问题，给处在育儿期的年轻父母提出应对策略。故选B。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
3．（2024春 达拉特旗校级期末） Pindar Van Arman is a painter，but he's also a software designer.He has built some machines and worked on a DARPA challenge team in California to build a self﹣driving car.His latest project？A robot painter，BitPaintr.
BitPaintr is Van Arman's fifth robot in 10 years.Earlier versions included devices that produced simpler paintings with algorithms （算法）.But the idea for BitPaintr is simple：A user just uploads a picture，and it can paint totally on its own and develop its own style.
Although his friends joke that he has invented a really expensive，slow，bad painter，Van Arman says teaching a machine how to be creative has helped him get to the bottom of what creativity is —and appreciate it.
"When you're trying to teach a machine to do something that's easy for humans，it really makes you sit back and see what humans are doing，" he says.
So what is creativity，then，if a robot with a paintbrush can be —or appear to be —just as creative as a human with a paintbrush？
Mark Riedl，a professor at the Georgia Tech School of Interactive Computing，says it depends on how you define creativity. "There is creativity and Creativity，" Riedl says. "Being 'creative' usually has something to do with the little things that we do hundreds of times in our daily lives.They could be creative，but usually aren't.To be 'Creative' is to have an imagination that will have a huge impact on a social level —the Picassos and the Mozarts of the world；the people who have produced something that's taken on this additional level of meaning."
Riedl admits what robots create is far from human﹣level quality art，but he sees robots entering the creative process as a positive thing.
"We want the computers to keep up with us，" he says. "And thanks to researchers like Van Arman，it seems like they will，although they will not replace us，but to help us to be more creative."
（1）Which is a new quality of BitPaintr？ 　B　
A.Simplicity.
B.Creativity.
C.Speed.
D.Profitability.
（2）What is Van Arman's friends' attitude to BitPaintr？ 　B　
A.Favorable.
B.Doubtful.
C.Unclear.
D.Hopeful.
（3）What does Mark Riedl suggest about computers？ 　D　
A.They will defeat the greatest artists soon.
B.They can produce "Creative" things by themselves.
C.They will learn more from the Picassos and the Mozarts.
D.They can help us to do daily things in more "creative" ways.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text？ 　A　
A.Can BitPaintr﹣like Robots Replace Artists in the Future？
B.Why Do People Have Sharply Different Views on AI Robots？
C.What Is the Difference Between the Two Kinds of Creativity？
D.Can BitPaintr Be Considered a "Creative" Painting Software？
【答案】BBDA
【分析】本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了Pindar Van Arman创造了一个机器人画家BitPaintr，并讨论了像BitPaintr这样的机器人会不会取代艺术家这个议题。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中的But the idea for BitPaintr is simple：A user just uploads a picture，and it can paint totally on its own and develop its own style.（但对BitPainter来说，想法很简单：用户只需上传一张图片，它就可以完全自己画画，并发展自己的风格。）可知，这个机器人的新特征之一是它的创造性。故选B。
（2）观点态度题。根据第三段中的his friends joke that he has invented a really expensive，slow，bad painter（他的朋友们开玩笑说他发明了一个非常昂贵、缓慢、糟糕的画家）可推断，Van Arman的朋友对这个机器人的作用持怀疑态度。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据第六段中的Being 'creative' usually has something to do with the little things that we do hundreds of times in our daily lives.They could be creative，but usually aren't.（'有创造力'通常与我们日常生活中做了数百次的小事有关。它们可能有创造力，但通常不是。）"及最后一段中的"And thanks to researchers like Van Arman，it seems like they will，although they will not replace us，but to help us to be more creative.（多亏了像Van Arman这样的研究人员，它们似乎会，尽管它们不会取代我们，但会帮助我们更有创造力。）可知，Mark Riedl认为这种机器人可能会帮助人类更有创造性地完成日常工作。故选D。
（4）标题归纳题。通读全文以及第一段 Pindar Van Arman is a painter，but he's also a software designer.He has built some machines and worked on a DARPA challenge team in California to build a self﹣driving car.His latest project？A robot painter，BitPaintr.（Pindar Van Arman是一名画家，但他也是一名软件设计师。他已经制造了一些机器，并在加州的DARPA挑战团队中工作，以制造一辆自动驾驶汽车。他的最新计划？一个机器人画家，BitPaintr。）和最后一段中的And thanks to researchers like Van Arman，it seems like they will，although they will not replace us，but to help us to be more creative.（多亏了像Van Arman这样的研究人员，它们似乎会，尽管它们不会取代我们，但会帮助我们更有创造力。）可知，本文讨论的是像BitPaintr这样的机器人有朝一日会不会取代艺术家，所以A项"未来类似BitPainter的机器人能取代艺术家吗？"最适合作本文标题。故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
4．（2024春 潢川县期末） Is forgiveness against our human nature？To answer our question，we need to ask a further question：What is the nature of our humanity？To put it in a simple way，people consider two completely different views of humanity.The first view is about dominance （统治） and power.In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness，Droll （1984）made the interesting claim that humans' key nature is more aggressive （好斗的） than forgiving allows.Those who forgive are against their basic nature，much to their harm.In his opinion，forgivers are giving up their well﹣being as they offer kindness to others，who might then take advantage of them.
The second view focuses on the theme of cooperation，mutual respect，and even love as the basis of who we are as humans.Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings，we need both to receive love from and offer love to others.Without love，our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart.Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.For example，how well has slavery （奴隶制） worked as a mode of social harmony？
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans，forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness，shown through scientific studies，is the decreasing of hate and the rebuilding of harmony.Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger.At least to the extent the people from whom you are keeping away accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments.Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note，when we take a classical philosophical view，that of Aristotle，we see the difference between potentiality and actuality.We are not necessarily born with the capability to forgive，but instead with the potential （潜能） to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.The actuality of forgiving，its actual behavior in unfriendly situations，develops with practice.
（1）What is Droll's idea about forgiveness？ 　B　
A.People should offer kindness to others.
B.People who forgive can have their own well﹣being affected.
C.Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity.
D.Aggressive people should learn to forgive.
（2）What does the example in Paragraph 2 display？ 　D　
A.To forgive is to love.
B.To fight is to grow.
C.To give is to receive.
D.To dominate is to harm.
（3）Which of the following might the writer NOT agree with？ 　C　
A.Forgiveness can help us stay calm and find inner peace.
B.Improved relationship can be one of results from forgiveness.
C.Forgiveness is vital to the biological and physical integrity of humans.
D.The people accepting your forgiveness may likely make possible changes.
（4）What is message of the last paragraph？ 　D　
A.Forgiveness is in our nature.
B.Forgiveness grows with time.
C.Actuality is based on potentiality.
D.It takes practice to forgive.
【答案】BDCD
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了宽恕是否与人性的本质相悖。一种观点认为人性倾向于攻击和支配，宽恕者可能因此受伤。另一种观点则强调人性中的合作、爱和尊重，认为宽恕对于个人和社区的健康和谐至关重要。文章还指出，宽恕能力可以通过学习和实践来培养。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中Those who forgive are against their basic nature，much to their harm.In his opinion，forgivers are giving up their well﹣being as they offer kindness to others，who might then take advantage of them. （那些宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害。在他看来，宽恕者放弃了自己的幸福，因为他们对别人友善，而别人可能会利用他们）可知，Droll认为宽恕他人的人会影响到自己的幸福。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段中Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.For example，how well has slavery （奴隶制） worked as a mode of social harmony？ （甚至常识也强烈表明，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动。例如，奴隶制作为社会和谐的一种模式发挥了多大的作用呢？）可知，这个例子是为了表明控制意味着伤害。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans，forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness，shown through scientific studies，is the decreasing of hate and the rebuilding of harmony.Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger.At least to the extent the people from whom you are keeping away accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments.Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. （从作为人类的第二种观点来看，宽恕在个人和社区的生理和心理完整性方面都起着关键作用，因为科学研究表明，宽恕的结果之一是减少仇恨，重建和谐。宽恕可以打破愤怒的循环。至少在某种程度上，那些被你拒之门外的人接受了你的爱和宽恕，并准备做出必要的调整。宽恕可以治愈人际关系，重新连接人际关系）可知，"宽恕对人类的生理和身体完整性至关重要"这句话是错误的。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段As an important note，when we take a classical philosophical view，that of Aristotle，we see the difference between potentiality and actuality.We are not necessarily born with the capability to forgive，but instead with the potential （潜能） to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.The actuality of forgiving，its actual behavior in unfriendly situations，develops with practice. （值得注意的是，当我们从古典哲学的观点，即亚里士多德的观点出发时，我们看到了潜在性和现实性之间的区别。我们不一定天生就有宽恕的能力，但我们有潜力去学习宽恕，并在宽恕的能力中成长。宽恕的现实性，即在不友好的情况下的实际行为，是随着实践而发展的）可知，本段指出宽恕是需要练习的。故选D。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
5．（2024春 淮安期末） A large﹣scale analysis（分析）of nearly 1，000 scientific studies has shown just how closely human activity is tied to public health.The findings suggest environmental changes caused by human activities are making the risk of infectious（传染的） disease outbreaks all the more likely.The biodiversity（生物多样性） crisis—which has let some one million plant and animal species at risk of extinction—is a leading driver of disease spread，the researchers found.
"It could mean that by changing the environment，we increase the risks of future pandemics（流行病），"said Jason Rohr，a co﹣author of the study and a biologist at the University of Notre Dame.
The analysis studied at least one of five "global change drivers" affecting wildlife and landscapes on Earth：biodiversity change，climate change，habitat loss and change，chemical pollution and the introduction of non﹣native species to new areas.The researchers collected nearly 3，000 data points related to how each of these factors might impact the seriousness of infectious disease outbreaks.
Their conclusions showed that four of the examined factors—climate change，chemical pollution，the introduction of non﹣native species to new areas and biodiversity loss—all increased the likelihood of spreading diseases，with the latter having the most significant impact.Disease and death rate were nearly nine times higher in areas of the world where human activity has reduced biodiversity，compared to the levels expected by Earth's natural variation in biodiversity.
One global change factor，however，actually reduced the likelihood of disease outbreaks：habitat loss and change.But here，context is key.Most habitat loss is linked to creating a single type of environment—urban （城市的） ecosystems—which generally have good sanitation（卫生） systems，reducing opportunities for disease outbreaks.
The new work adds to past research on how human activity can cause the spread of disease.The research signals the need for public health officials to remain watchful as the effects of human﹣caused climate change arise.
（1）What do the findings reveal according to the first two paragraphs？ 　B　
A.Human activities do great damage to public health.
B.Biodiversity crises increase the risk of disease outbreaks.
C.Millions of plant and animal species are at risk of extinction.
D.Human﹣caused environmental changes lead to species extinction.
（2）What is paragraph 3 mainly about？ 　A　
A.The process of the study.
B.The result of the study.
C.The meaning of data analysis.
D.The impact of disease outbreaks.
（3）Compared with the other four "global change drivers"，habitat loss and change 　D　 .
A.worsened the disease outbreaks
B.had the most significant impact
C.made urban ecosystems more delicate
D.made it less likely to spread diseases
（4）What might be the focus of the follow﹣up discussion？ 　B　
A.The expect