【期末押题预测】期末核心考点 说明文阅读理解(含答案与解析)2024-2025学年外研版(2019)英语高二下学期

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名称 【期末押题预测】期末核心考点 说明文阅读理解(含答案与解析)2024-2025学年外研版(2019)英语高二下学期
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更新时间 2025-06-16 09:00:23

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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
期末核心考点 说明文阅读理解
一.阅读理解(共15小题)
1.(2024春 射阳县校级期末) Concrete has served as the foundation stone of the construction industry for hundreds of years.However,the process of producing concrete is one of the most environmentally unfriendly processes in the world.In the process,not only is carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) released into the air by the energy used to heat the limestone,but the limestone itself also gives out a huge amount of the element.
Luckily,a number of start﹣ups throughout the world are using creative thinking to make the construction industry a whole lot more friendly for the planet.
A Canadian company called CarbonCure,has found a way to inject (注入) concrete with carbon dioxide itself.Not only does this trap the carbon dioxide into the concrete,keeping it from running away into the atmosphere,but it also creates a super strong material called calcium carbonate,which reduces the total amount of concrete that needs to be used.
California﹣based Brimstone,is creating carbon﹣negative concrete by doing away with limestone entirely and instead using silicate rock,a material that does not release carbon dioxide when heated.Instead,the process produces magnesium (镁) ,which absorbs carbon dioxide,as the basis for their concrete.
Additionally,researchers at Australia's RMIT University have recently released a study showing that adding coffee grounds instead of sand to concrete could make it much stronger,reducing both the amount of sand used,as well as the amount of concrete that would need to be used in the final product.
The biggest barrier at this point is convincing members of the industry that the new types of concrete are safe to be used,according to Stacy Smedley,director at a nonprofit focused on decarbonizing construction.
Hopefully these new solutions to the environmental problems of concrete will soon be widely adopted.Given the significant part the construction industry has in releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,great improvements can be made when more environmentally﹣friendly materials are used.
(1)What is the environmental issue associated with traditional concrete production?    
A.The high demand for energy.
B.The processing of waste materials.
C.The mass release of carbon dioxide.
D.The use of non﹣renewable resources.
(2)How does CarbonCure deal with the environmental impact of concrete production?    
A.By using silicate rock as the basis.
B.By putting carbon dioxide into concrete.
C.By replacing sand with coffee grounds.
D.By absorbing carbon dioxide with magnesium.
(3)According to Smedley,what is the major challenge facing these solutions?    
A.Difficulty in making profits.
B.Convincing the public of the convenience.
C.Lack of funding for research.
D.Removing the industry members' safety concerns.
(4)What is the author's purpose in writing the text?    
A.To promote an alternative to concrete.
B.To advocate environmental protection.
C.To introduce new ways to produce concrete.
D.To emphasize the significance of creativity.
2.(2024春 越秀区期末) In today's digital era,social media users are increasingly coming across fake news online.This leads to the pressing issue:What causes people to fall for misinformation on the Internet?
According to researchers at the Penn State College of Information Sciences and Technology,users can easily fall into an echo chamber (回声室)—a sort of virtual space where users consume only one﹣sided news,eventually distrusting any opposing views. "We all tend to agree with the group opinion.Hence,people naturally get together with others who hold the same opinion," said Dongwon Lee,one of the researchers. "But if you're not cautious,there is a high risk of falling into an echo chamber."
To prevent this phenomenon,the researchers have crafted a novel tool,a game named ChamberBreaker,to help players resist echo chambers and reduce the rate of fake news spread.The fundamental approach employed by ChamberBreaker centers around a decision﹣making procedure that mirrors the creation of echo chambers.In ChamberBreaker,a player is tasked with trying to have community members fall into an echo chamber.To begin,the player is randomly assigned a situation that focuses on a health,political or environmental issue,and is presented with six pieces of news on that topic.Then,the player selects news that could cause the other members to fall into an echo chamber while at the same time maintaining their trust.If successful,the community members will fall into an echo chamber and the player will witness the resulting negative effects on the community.
After developing ChamberBreaker,researchers tested it with over 800 subjects to see if it raised awareness of echo chambers and changed news consumption behaviors.The researchers found that those who played ChamberBreaker were significantly more likely to state their intention to observe online information from more diverse perspectives and showed an increased awareness of the echo chamber phenomenon.
Ultimately,the researchers hope that their methodology can excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study related to information consumption.The application of tools like ChamberBreaker,which focuses on fostering analytical reasoning,may lead us towards a more informed online community.
(1)What can be learned about an online echo chamber?    
A.It encourages well﹣judged views.
B.It gathers like﹣minded individuals.
C.It functions as a virtual reality platform.
D.It serves as a tool for identifying fake information.
(2)What is ChamberBreaker's core method against echo chambers?    
A.Assignment of situations.
B.Trust﹣building exercises.
C.News selection strategy.
D.Community impact assessment.
(3)Which of the following can show ChamberBreaker's effectiveness?    
A.The results of scientific testing.
B.The theoretical framework of the game.
C.The description of the game procedures.
D.The common challenges faced during gameplay.
(4)What is the likely long﹣term effect of playing ChamberBreaker?    
A.Reducing news inquiry.
B.Encouraging passive reading.
C.Strengthening prejudiced views.
D.Enhancing critical thinking.
3.(2024春 建平县校级期末)This fall,students at the University of Massachusetts found a new menu at their canteens:the "diet fora cooler planet" menu.This meant herb﹣roasted lamb,raised with a carbon﹣friendly approach.It included sweet potatoes that had been picked from a local farm's field.The options were plant﹣heavy,locally grown,and involved little or no packaging.
"We wanted to let students participate in climate action by making choices about their food," says Kathy Wicks,sustainability director for UMass Dining.The university is not alone in this effort.Increasingly American consumers and institutions are thinking about how their food choices impact climate change.For many,small choices at the grocery store and restaurant can be more accessible than big﹣ticket options like buying a fuel﹣efficient car.
Small changes in eating habits may make a big difference.Studies point to the food system as a significant cause of global warming.According to Project Drawdown,a research organization that evaluates climate solutions,the way food is grown,transported,and consumed accounts for about 1/4 of the world's greenhouse gas emissions (排放).Beef is a regular target. "If,on average,Americans cut 1/4 pound of beef per week from their diet,it's like taking 10 million cars off the road a year," says Sujatha Bergen,director of health campaigns for the Natural Resources Defense Council.Food waste ranks third among climate solutions.While much waste occurs before consumers are involved,Americans also throw out a lot of food they have purchased:about ﹩ 1,600 worth a year per family of four.
"People are beginning to understand that their food choices have a big impact on climate," says MeganLarmer,director of regional food at the Glynwood Center for Regional Food and Farming in New York.But she adds that substantial change will need to come from the whole food system.
(1)What is the purpose of the new menu at the University of Massachusetts?    
A.To market the cold dishes.
B.To reduce the cost of packaging.
C.To raise low carbon awareness.
D.To popularize the plant﹣heavy diet.
(2)What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?    
A.Food choices matter much to global warming.
B.Food is a decisive factor for climate change.
C.Universities are working together in climate action.
D.Fuel﹣efficient cars are not affordable for consumers.
(3)What does Sujatha Bergen say about beef?    
A.It plays a significant role in American's diet.
B.It is popular among millions of car drivers.
C.It has no relationship with gas emission.
D.It has great influence on carbon reduction.
(4)Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?    
A.Food System Reform:A Successful Trial
B.Low Carbon Diet:A trend,or More?
C.Carbon Emission:A Killer,or Healer?
D.Global Warming:An Approaching Danger
4.(2023秋 武强县校级期末)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
From learning about protecting wild animals and natural habitats to reading about the effects of recycling,books are perfect for showing people how to get involved.Here are four of such books.
Tall Trees
Describing the wildlife that lives in Northern California's redwood forests,it turns story time into a counting lesson as readers count all the creatures in the forests.Readers will also love remembering Tony Frederick's playful poetry about the animals of the forest.
Save the Bees
Bethany Stahl has a whole series of "Save the..."books,and they all have great lessons for readers.The explanations are fun and perfect for animal lovers who want to learn how to make a difference.On her website,she even has links to free books,which are great resources for parents or teachers.
My Friend Earth
The message of this book,written by Patricia MacL achlan,is beautiful and simple,encouraging kids to learn about Earth and all that it does.It has a cute die﹣cut(模切) design,which is fun for little hands to explore,although those under 4 might need some help.It covers a wide range of topics and will help kids gain an appreciation for everything from rain and wind to bears and birds.
Thank You,Earth
The author of this book,April Pulley Sayre,has written many award﹣winning books,and this one is truly special.It was written in a letter format(格式),thanking Earth for so many great natural moments.You'll find beautiful pictures in this book.
(1)Whose book includes poems about wildlife?    
A.April Pulley Sayre's.
B.Bethany Stahl's.
C.Patricia MacLachlan's.
D.Tony Frederick's.
(2)Which book can provide children with a hands﹣on experience?    
A.Tall Trees.
B.Save the Bees.
C.My Friend Earth.
D.Thank You,Earth.
(3)What is special about the last book?    
A.It has a special theme.
B.It is in the form of a letter.
C.It is based on real events.
D.It targets at teenagers.
5.(2024春 阿勒泰地区期末) Macquarie Island is a tiny island that's part of Australia.It's about halfway between New Zealand and Antarctica.The island's been made a world heritage area because it's so untouched,but this unique environment is under threat from some unwanted visitors.
It all started when seal hunters came to the island in the early 1800s.They brought rabbits with them as a source of food for the journey,and also on board the ships were rats and mice,which made their way onto the island too.They're being blamed for destroying the homes of marine birds,causing soil loss and ripping up plant cover,as these before﹣and﹣after photos show.
So what's being done about the problem?It starts with a team of helicopters that fly across the island carrying these giant containers.Inside them are poisoned pellets (有毒饲料) which are dropped and spread across the island.For any rabbits that survived the baiting (诱饵) ,there's a plan.
B.This special team of dogs is being put through a final training.It'll be their job to track down any remaining rabbits.They have to also learn to behave around the island's native wildlife.The dogs could be here for years or until the task is complete.The dogs don't actually kill the rabbits.They find them,then the hunters decide to either catch the rabbits or shoot them.
But the program has received a bit of criticism.Some people argue 25 million dollars is a lot of money to be spending on wiping out rabbits and rodents (啮齿目动物),and in the process,some native birds will be killed because of the baiting.
The reality is the problem isn't going to be solved overnight.The people running the program say that even if one pair of rabbits is left alive,the whole task will be seen as a failure,which means these guys could be here for a long time,trying to ensure that this precious island remains protected from pests.
(1)Who are these unwanted visitors?    
A.Seal hunters.
B.Marine wildlife.
C.Native birds.
D.Foreign species.
(2)What do the underlined words "ripping up" mean in paragraph 2?    
A.Advancing.
B.Destroying.
C.Dividing.
D.Balancing.
(3)What is being done to solve the problem of unwanted visitors on Macquarie Island?    
A.Poisoned pellets are being dropped on the island from helicopters.
B.A team of hunters is being trained to catch or shoot rabbits.
C.Native birds are being protected from the unwanted visitors.
D.A special team of dogs is being sent to kill the rabbits.
(4)What is the goal of the program?    
A.To spend as little money as possible.
B.To protect native birds from the unwanted visitors.
C.To ensure that no pair of rabbits survive on the island.
D.To train dogs to track down the rabbits on the island.
6.(2024春 鹰潭期末) Empathy (共情) is one of the most important skills a teacher can have,but it is not always easy to respond to student behaviour with empathy.However,when you demonstrate to students that you understand and respect their feelings,you build mutual trust and friendly relationship.
According to new research,teaching children in a way that encourages them to empathize with others improves their creativity and may lead to a variety of other beneficial learning outcomes.The findings are the result of a year﹣long University of Cambridge study with year 9 Design and Technology (D &T) students (ages 13 to 14)from two inner London schools.Pupils at one school spent the year following curriculum﹣required lessons,while students at the other school used a set of engineering design thinking tools to improve students' ability to think creatively and empathically while solving real﹣world problems.
Both sets of pupils were assessed for creativity at both the start and end of the school year using the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking:a well﹣established psychometric test (心理测试).The results showed a statistically significant increase in creativity among pupils at the intervention school,where the thinking tools were used.At the start of the year,the Creativity scores of pupils in the control school,which followed the standard curriculum,were 11% higher than those at the intervention school.By the end,however,the situation had completely changed:Creativity scores among the intervention group were 78% higher than the control group.
Nicholl,Senior Lecturer in Design and Technology Education,who trains teachers studying on the University's D & T PGCE course,said, "Teaching for empathy has been difficult despite being part of the D &.T National Curriculum for over two decades.This evidence suggests that it is a missing link in the creative process,and vital if we want education to encourage the designers and engineers of tomorrow." Nicholl added, "When I taught Design and Technology,I didn't see children as potential engineers who would one day contribute to the economy;they were people who needed to be ready to go into the world at 18.Teaching children to empathize is about building a society where we appreciate each other's thoughts.Surely that is something we want education to do."
(1)What will a teacher with empathy do?    
A.Share knowledge with students.
B.Understand students' emotions.
C.Improve important teaching skills.
D.Respond to students' behaviour.
(2)Why were thinking tools used by the pupils of the other school?    
A.To spread the ideas related to empathy.
B.To learn the curriculum﹣required lessons.
C.To promote problem﹣solving abilities.
D.To inspire creativity with mutual trust.
(3)What did the results of the test suggest?    
A.The standard curriculum didn't encourage creativity.
B.The intervention school was more popular among students.
C.The control group lacked the ability to empathize with others.
D.The empathetic class contributed significantly to creativity.
(4)What did Nicholl think of the study?    
A.Unarguable.
B.Influential.
C.Distinctive.
D.Inaccurate.
7.(2024春 涟源市期末) The Forest Eye project aims to create the largest living forest feature in England by growing 5,000 alder,beech and maple trees into the shape of a child's eye.The trees are being planted in Dalby Forest,North Yorkshire,with the help of local young people.The trees will form an eye 300 meters wide that will be visible from the sky in about six years,when they have grown.
The project hopes to focus on the importance of young people's ideas for creating a healthy natural environment.It was designed by a company called Sand in Your Eye and has been created by Forestry England,an organization that protects forests and woodlands.
Josephine Lavelle,director at Forestry England,says,"Having the gaze of a child growing in the heart of this beautiful and ever﹣changing forest is a powerful symbol of how we need to listen and respond to the needs and vision of future generations."
The project also aims to highlight the important role that forests play in fighting climate change.As well as providing a home for wildlife,trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and create oxygen that humans need to breathe.When the trees have grown,they will provide a place for lots of wild animals,like bats,birds and small mammals to live.The Forest Eye will also create a space for people to explore and connect with nature.
Jamie Wardley,artistic director at Sand in Your Eye,has plenty of experience creating pieces of "land art".These are huge drawings and sculptures made from grass,ice and sand,including a 60﹣meter portrait of Swedish climate﹣change campaigner Greta Thunberg on a school field in Yorkshire.He says,"The trees are my paint.""Our work is about prompting people to think deeply and respond emotionally to some of the biggest issues facing us,including the climate crisis."Wardley also plans to develop the Forest Eye into an even bigger project."It is our ambition to create the whole face of a young girl at the same scale,measuring 2,000 meters across.Those trees that are planted in the Forest Eye are the very beginning of this,"he says.
(1)What can we know about the project?    
A.It is proposed by the local youth.
B.It is carried out in the largest forest.
C.It is aimed at creating artworks.
D.It is planting trees to form an eye.
(2)What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about?    
A.The value of children's ideas.
B.The argument for the project.
C.The benefits of tree.
D.The fight against climate change.
(3)Which of the following can best describe Jamie Wardley?    
A.Creative.
B.Ignorant.
C.Emotional.
D.Adventurous.
(4)Which is the best title for the article?    
A.Land arts take off
B.Giant eye planting kicks off
C.Tree planting catches
D.Environmental groups spring up
8.(2024秋 新洲区期末) Parrots are prey animals,which means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild,such as hawks or snakes,are looking to make them into a meal.This one factor influences parrots' behavior in your house more than any other.
Parrots are most easily hurt when feeding on the ground.Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators.The most common predators of parrots include hawks,snakes,cats,monkeys,and bats.Some predators make attacks only during the day while others hunt in the night.
As prey animals,parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks.Their first choice is to take flight.However,if this is not possible,they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend themselves.
Because their biggest enemy is the hawk,parrots are especially reactive to quick movements from above and behind.For this reason,it is wise to avoid quick,sudden movements near your bird.This is a built﹣in reaction not subject to logic or reason.Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird.For example,a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird's mind.
As prey animals,parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers.It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability.Variety in diet and toys,travel,and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change.
(1)What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild?    
A.Living in a group.
B.Growing beautiful feathers.
C.Feeding on the ground.
D.Avoiding coming out at night.
(2)What is parrots' first response to an immediate risk?    
A.To attack back.
B.To get away.
C.To protect the young.
D.To play dead.
(3)Why would a balloon frighten a parrot?    
A.It may explode suddenly.
B.It may be in a strange shape.
C.It may have a strong color.
D.It may move around quickly.
(4)What is the author's purpose of writing the text?    
A.To explain wild parrots' behavior.
B.To give advice on raising a parrot.
C.To call for action to protect animals.
D.To introduce a study on bird ecology.
9.(2024春 泸县校级期末) South Korean government has tried everything to persuade women to have babies.Among their initiatives:sponsored housing for new couples,discounted after﹣childbirth care for new mothers,even a"baby payment"for each new born.Corporate South Korea is also getting in action,trying to delay a population crisis that could see the country's workforce halve within 50 years.
"We will continue to do what we can as a company to solve the low﹣birth issue,"Lee Joong﹣keun,the chairman of Booyoung Group,a Seoul﹣based construction company,said this month after awarding a total $5.25 million to his employees for babies born since 2021.Other companies are offering payments,too.This development has come about as South Korea's fertility rate (生育率)—the average number of children a woman has over her lifetime ﹣﹣﹣ has decreased to 0.78 in 2022.That means the population is aging rapidly."The main reasons behind the falling birthrate are the financial burdens of child care and challenges of balancing work and family,"Lee said.
South Korean president Yoon Suk Yeol praised companies that came up with"tax benefits and other various support measures to boost child birth," according to his spokes﹣woman.Despite aggressive efforts,South Korea's fertility rate is on course to sink further to 0.65 by 2025.This is largely because of the stress put on women,who face fierce workplace discrimination if they want to pursue a career while having children,experts say.South Korea ranked 105th out of 146 countries in gender equality last year,according to the Global Gender Gap Report.
Whether financial bonus can have a positive impact on fertility remains an unanswered question."Cash payouts are not affordable nor sustainable options for many companies,"said Yoon In﹣jin,a sociology professor at Korea University."More importantly,South Korea's male﹣dominated corporate culture has to fundamentally change in favor of working women,"he said."Korean women will start having more babies if they don't have to sacrifice their career for it."Nearly 50% South Korean companies punished workers using parental leave,especially on promotions,according to Labor Ministry statistics.
(1)What population problem is South Korea very likely to face in the future?    
A.Its fertility rate will continuously decline.
B.Its population will halve within 50 years.
C.There will only be the aged very soon.
D.New﹣born babies will make up 65% by 2025.
(2)What is the author's attitude towards the current money﹣awarding measure?    
A.Supportive.
B.Critical.
C.Far﹣sighted.
D.Uncertain.
(3)What does academic Yoon In﹣jin support to do in boosting fertility rate?    
A.Provide equal career security to women as men are enjoying.
B.Improve South Korea's global rank in gender equality.
C.Remove women's financial burdens and home﹣work balancing challenges.
D.Offer couples with new born babies more tax benefits and other supports.
(4)What's the main idea of this passage?    
A.The reasons why South Korean women are not having babies.
B.The policies South Kare a government applies to persuade women to have babies.
C.The measures corporate South Korea takes to promote birthrate.
D.The severe discrimination South Korean women are facing.
10.(2024春 鹰潭期末) Clean water might not grow on trees,but the trees might do the next best thing—provide a cheap and easy way of filtering (过滤) it.
Researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have been able to use wood from tree branches to filter water both in the laboratory and in the pared to other water filters,the new way of filtering water gets an edge.This could provide an inexpensive and low﹣tech alternative to costly methods of getting clean water in places that need it the most.
In a new study,researchers show that the natural structure of wood from non﹣flowering plants like pine provides enough filtration to remove bacteria from water.This method was already proven to work in a lab in 2014,but now the researchers have found,through interviews with potential users and tests of local water sources,that the tree﹣based purification system works just as well in the field in India and that the locals are willing to use it.
The branches of non﹣flowering plants are built of thin,straw﹣like tubes called xylem in the layer of wood under the skin.The unique structure of the xylem tissue in the branches allows it to work as a water filter because these channels are connected to each other through porous membranes (多孔薄膜).These membranes can catch water pollutants,similar to a water filter membrane.
The researchers were even able to extend the shelf life of dry wood filters to around two years by dipping (浸泡) them in a protective mix of hot water and ethanol (乙醇).To make this potentially life﹣saving technology be reachable to those who need it,the construction of the filter is open to the public and instructions can be found on their website detailing how anyone can try to construct their own wood water filter.
(1)What does the underlined "gets an edge" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?    
A.Has a limitation.
B.Has an advantage.
C.Faces a challenge.
D.Produces an effect.
(2)Why does the author mention the example in India?    
A.To call on people to protect local water sources.
B.To show the consequences of lacking pure water.
C.To explain why water filters are in great demand.
D.To prove the water filter is effective and welcomed.
(3)What makes the branches of non﹣flowering plants act as a water filter?    
A.They are thinner than other plants' branches.
B.They have wide straw﹣like tubes in the xylem tissue.
C.The tiny holes of membranes can trap water pollutants.
D.The layer of wood under their skin carries plenty of water.
(4)What does the passage mainly talk about?    
A.A unique way of obtaining water from plants.
B.The working principle of tree﹣based water filters.
C.MIT creates a high﹣tech water purification system.
D.MIT's wooden water filter comes into practical use.
11.(2024春 拉萨期末)Water poisoning is caused by too much consumption of water during a short period of time.Water in and of itself is not poisonous by any means,but rapid intake of a large quantity of water can break the careful balance of sodium(钠)in the body fluids(体液).This contributes to a swelling of the cells,often in the central nervous system,including the brain.
When the cells can no longer bear the pressure,they can begin to die.This is indicated in serious forms of water poisoning.Symptoms of this condition include vomiting,headache and unresponsiveness.When the sodium in the blood falls to dangerous levels,brain damage and possibly death may occur.
What is a fatal(致命的)amount of water can vary from person to person,depending on one's state of health,his or her physical activity at the time,the temperature and the amount of time in which the person consumes the water.For some,a one﹣time consumption of three liters can prove deadly.Although the person consuming the water may lose a lot of fluid during heavy labor or exercise,the electrolytes(电解质)are not replaced fast enough to avoid water poisoning.
Those particularly at risk for water poisoning are athletes engaged in long distance running like a marathon.Due to the need to replace large quantities of lost fluid,runners must drink a lot of water.This can lead to poisoning,so runners must replace their fluids with sports drinks that have added electrolytes.Other factors that contribute to water poisoning include activities that stimulate heavy sweating.The person working under extreme heat or intense humidity(湿气)must be careful when consuming water in order to maintain electrolyte balance.Mental diseases can also lead to water poisoning.Psychogenic polydipsia is a condition in which the affected person feels a need to drink a lot of water for unknown reasons.
(1)What harm does water poisoning bring?    
A.It can affect brain function.
B.It disturbs the balance of sodium
C.It causes a drop in blood pressure.
D.It tends to make its victims nervous.
(2)What can we know about proper amount of water to drink?    
A.Three liters per day is deadly.
B.No single rule fits everyone.
C.It doesn't bother healthy people.
D.Physical activity is its decisive factor.
(3)Who would probably fall victim to water poisoning?    
A.A patient suffering from stomachache.
B.A laborer working with heavy sweating
C.An athlete fond of drinking sports drinks.
D.A teenager doing appropriate exercise daily.
(4)What might be discussed in the paragraph that follows?    
A.What has been found about sports drinks.
B.What else contributes to water poisoning.
C.What are the symptoms of water poisoning.
D.What can be done to avoid water poisoning.
12.(2024春 永州期末) Do you know how to cycle?It is a skill that,once learned,is never forgotten.For the majority of us,the art of balancing on two wheels was mastered during our childhood.Many still wear helmets,put feet on the pedals,and take a ride around the streets.And in recent years,cycling has become more and more popular.What attracts people to ride their bikes once again?
Cycling offers a lot of advantages that affect both our physical and mental health.For example,regular cycling can improve the function of our cardiovascular (心血管的)system,assist in the burning of extra body fat and strengthen our leg muscles.A long ride in the countryside helps us to clear our mind easily.
Riding a bike is a smart choice for getting to work,shopping,or sightseeing.You can save money that you would otherwise spend on fuels and fares.Unlike cars that struggle with parking,bikes can be easily locked up.Then,on the train,there are chances at stations and other people speaking loudly on their phones.Cyclists face neither of these problems.And if we're worried about safety,there are cycle lanes in many cities,or we can wear light﹣colored clothes to improve our safety when cycling on the roads.
Cycling can also be good for the environment.It cuts our carbon footprint,which means we make less pollution.It's great for our planet and keeps the air clean around us.When we ride bikes,we don't use fuel like cars do,and that's really good for our environment.
Therefore,more and more people choose to ride for many benefits such as improving their health,easily going to work,saving money,protecting the environment,or a combination of these factors.
(1)When do most people learn to ride?    
A.In their free time.
B.After their retirement.
C.At their young ages.
D.During their adulthood.
(2)Which of the following best describes cycling?    
A.It is a good way to save money.
B.It is a great idea to relax cyclists.
C.It is dangerous to cycle on the roads.
D.It is difficult to find a place park the bike.
(3)How does cycling affect the environment?    
A.Consumes more fuels.
B.Increases air pollution.
C.Causes fewer accidents.
D.Reduces carbon footprint.
(4)In which section of a magazine may this text appear?    
A.Sports & Health.
B.Travel & Culture.
C.Science & Technology.
D.Animals & Environment.
13.(2023秋 泰安期末) The U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA) has approved a new class of hearing aid devices,which do not require a medical exam.That means Americans will be able to buy hearing aids later this year without seeing a doctor or receiving a medical examination.
The devices are designed for adults with mild to moderate hearing problems.The FDA estimates that the hearing aids could help nearly 30 million adults in the United States,but only about one﹣fifth of people with hearing problems use the devices currently.
"Today's action by the FDA represents a significant milestone in making hearing aids more cost﹣effective and accessible," Health and Human Services Secretary Xavier Becerra,told reporters on Tuesday.The FDA first proposed the rule change for hearing aids last year and the new rules will take effect in the middle of October.The move follows years of pressure from medical experts and others to make the devices less costly and easier to get.
However,cost is still a barrier right now.Americans can pay more than $5,000 for hearing aids,which is for the device itself and fitting services.Private insurance coverage is also limited for the devices.And government insurance for older people,known as Medicare,does not pay for them.Medicare only pays for hearing tests.
"The requirement to see a specialist was not only a burden and an annoyance for many consumers but also it actually created a competitive barrier to entry," said Brian Deese,a White House economic adviser.Deese added that the government estimates that Americans could save as much as $2,800 for a set of hearing aids if they want to buy them.
But FDA officials noted that the savings will depend on when producers launch products and how much they cost. "It's very hard to predict exactly what we'll see and when," said Dr.Jeffrey Shuren,the FDA's medical device chief.Shuren added officials expected to see increased competition from new producers and new products from existing hearing aid makers.
(1)Who probably use the new hearing aid devices?    
A.The people who cannot afford medical fee.
B.The 20 percent of people who can pay for them.
C.The people who needn't be examined by doctors.
D.The adults whose hearing problems are not serious.
(2)What might the rule change bring?    
A.Hearing tests for free.
B.More pressure from medical experts.
C.Lower cost of the hearing devices.
D.More private insurance coverage.
(3)What may Deese agree with?    
A.Seeing a specialist was unaccessible.
B.Seeing a specialist was a troublesome experience.
C.The government will save much medical expense.
D.Americans will pay more money for medical care.
(4)What can we learn from the last paragraph?    
A.When the cost will be reduced is uncertain.
B.Existing hearing aid makers can benefit most.
C.Officials will decide the price of the hearing aids.
D.New producers will succeed in the competition.
14.(2024春 鹤山市校级期末) In the past several months,Apple,Google and Samsung have all launched their newest smartphones and other products.But in the process,this may also be adding to a growing problem:electronic waste.
The limited lifespan of many tech gadgets(设备)has caused the issue of e﹣waste to increase over the years. "People tend not to realize that all these seemingly insignificant things have a lot of value,especially in large amounts, "Pascal Leroy,director general of the WEEE Forum,said in a statement.
How to solve the problems of e﹣waste is much more than just cleaning out space in your junk drawers.Actually,large amounts of e﹣waste are shipped to developing countries that lack the power to refuse and safely recycle these imports.The WHO warned that children,with their smaller hands,are often used to deal with mountains of e﹣waste in developing nations in search of valuable elements such as copper,silver,palladium and so on.The WHO said the health of more than 18 million children are being affected negatively as they are employed in this informal e﹣waste processing industry.
Personally,what can you do to reduce the e﹣waste burden?Find an e﹣waste disposal(处理) service.The impact of recycling e﹣waste can be staggering.For every 1 million cellphones that are recycled,35,000 pounds of copper,772 pounds of silver,75 pounds of gold and 33 pounds of palladium can be recovered.Meanwhile,environmental advocates say the most important step to deal with the mounting e﹣waste problem is simply to try to use your electronics for as long as possible
(1)What might come along with companies launching new e﹣products?    
A.More electronic waste.
B.Few optional tech gadgets.
C.Limited lifespan of the devices.
D.Important things for consumers.
(2)Why are children greatly influenced by e﹣waste according to the WHO?    
A.Developed countries can't recycle e﹣waste safely.
B.E﹣waste mountains are places for children to play.
C.Many valuable elements can be found on e﹣waste mountains.
D.Children are hired in the informal e﹣waste processing industry.
(3)What does the underlined word "staggering" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?    
A.Interesting.
B.Surprising.
C.Annoying.
D.Challenging.
(4)Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?    
A.What is the source of e﹣waste?
B.E﹣waste—a serious problem?
C.E﹣waste—a processing industry?
D.What to do with your e﹣waste?
15.(2024春 奉化区期末) Artificial intelligence(AI) models have long surpassed(超出) just creating text responses and images.Now,with only one sentence,OpenAI's latest text﹣to﹣video model,Sora,can turn your words into video with good visual quality while completely following your content instructions(指令).
Sora is said to be better than many other existing models with similar functions.The AI model can create videos at suitable aspect ratios(屏幕高宽比) for different devices.It also lets users quickly test out content in lower quality before making the high﹣quality version,which helps speed up output according to the user's requests.
Apart from this,its ability to present videos in a realistic and smooth manner is surprising.Sora can create detailed scenes with several characters,specific types of motion,and accurate(准确的) subject and background details.Beyond the user's requests,it also understands how these elements exist in the real world.For example,reflections in the water change as a woman walks by.
However,the current model isn't perfect.It may have trouble accurately showing how things move in a complicated(复杂的) scene and might not get how one action leads to another.For example,if someone eats part of a cookie in a Sora﹣made video,the cookie might not look like it's been bitten into.The model might mix up directions and find it hard to describe events in the right order.One possible reason is that Sora learns each basic unit of a video,known as a spacetime patch(时空补丁),independently.
Sora is still in the testing stage of development.OpenAI is now inviting network security professionals to make random attacks on Sora's system in order to test the model's possible weaknesses and risks.Sora has also been open to some visual artists,designers and filmmakers.Their feedback will help OpenAI to improve the model to better serve creative professionals.
(1)What is the main focus of paragraph 2 and 3?    
A.Sora's strengths.
B.Sora's weaknesses.
C.Sora's development.
D.Sora's popularity.
(2)Why does the author provide the example in paragraph 4?    
A.To show Sora's safety problems.
B.To show Sora's existing weaknesses.
C.To show Sora's perfect performance.
D.To explain the concept of a spacetime patch.
(3)What can we know about Sora up to now?    
A.It has experienced testing and improvement.
B.It has enjoyed great popularity.
C.It has made random attacks.
D.It has been applied in various industries.
(4)What's the best title for the text?    
A.Sora:A perfect text﹣to﹣video AI model.
B.Sora:Surpass existing ChatGPT.
C.Sora:Known as a spacetime patch.
D.Sora:Lead the way in creating videos.
期末核心考点 说明文阅读理解
参考答案与试题解析
一.阅读理解(共15小题)
1.(2024春 射阳县校级期末) Concrete has served as the foundation stone of the construction industry for hundreds of years.However,the process of producing concrete is one of the most environmentally unfriendly processes in the world.In the process,not only is carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) released into the air by the energy used to heat the limestone,but the limestone itself also gives out a huge amount of the element.
Luckily,a number of start﹣ups throughout the world are using creative thinking to make the construction industry a whole lot more friendly for the planet.
A Canadian company called CarbonCure,has found a way to inject (注入) concrete with carbon dioxide itself.Not only does this trap the carbon dioxide into the concrete,keeping it from running away into the atmosphere,but it also creates a super strong material called calcium carbonate,which reduces the total amount of concrete that needs to be used.
California﹣based Brimstone,is creating carbon﹣negative concrete by doing away with limestone entirely and instead using silicate rock,a material that does not release carbon dioxide when heated.Instead,the process produces magnesium (镁) ,which absorbs carbon dioxide,as the basis for their concrete.
Additionally,researchers at Australia's RMIT University have recently released a study showing that adding coffee grounds instead of sand to concrete could make it much stronger,reducing both the amount of sand used,as well as the amount of concrete that would need to be used in the final product.
The biggest barrier at this point is convincing members of the industry that the new types of concrete are safe to be used,according to Stacy Smedley,director at a nonprofit focused on decarbonizing construction.
Hopefully these new solutions to the environmental problems of concrete will soon be widely adopted.Given the significant part the construction industry has in releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,great improvements can be made when more environmentally﹣friendly materials are used.
(1)What is the environmental issue associated with traditional concrete production?  C 
A.The high demand for energy.
B.The processing of waste materials.
C.The mass release of carbon dioxide.
D.The use of non﹣renewable resources.
(2)How does CarbonCure deal with the environmental impact of concrete production?  B 
A.By using silicate rock as the basis.
B.By putting carbon dioxide into concrete.
C.By replacing sand with coffee grounds.
D.By absorbing carbon dioxide with magnesium.
(3)According to Smedley,what is the major challenge facing these solutions?  D 
A.Difficulty in making profits.
B.Convincing the public of the convenience.
C.Lack of funding for research.
D.Removing the industry members' safety concerns.
(4)What is the author's purpose in writing the text?  C 
A.To promote an alternative to concrete.
B.To advocate environmental protection.
C.To introduce new ways to produce concrete.
D.To emphasize the significance of creativity.
【答案】CBDC
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了建筑混凝土生产对环境的严重影响,以及一些公司和学者通过创新思维研究出新的建筑材料和生产方法,以减少混凝土生产过程中的二氧化碳排放,并推动建筑行业向更环保的方向转变。
【解答】(1)细节理解题。根据第一段中In the process,not only is carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)released into the air by the energy used to heat the limestone,but the limestone itself also gives out a huge amount of the element.(在这个过程中,不仅二氧化碳被用于加热石灰石的能量释放到空气中,而且石灰石本身也释放出大量的元素。)可知,与传统混凝土生产相关的环境问题是二氧化碳释放到空气中。故选C。
(2)细节理解题。根据第三段中的A Canadian company called Carbon Cure,has found a way to inject concrete with carbon dioxide itself.(一家名为Carbon Cure的加拿大公司已经找到了一种向混凝土中注入二氧化碳的方法。)可知,通过将二氧化碳放入混凝土中,Carbon Cure解决了混凝土生产对环境的影响。故选B。
(3)细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的The biggest barrier at this point is convincing members of the industry that the new types of concrete are safe to be used,according to Stacy Smedley,director at a nonprofit focused on decarbonizing construction.( 一家专注于脱碳建筑的非营利组织的负责人Stacy Smedley表示,目前最大的障碍是让业内人士相信,新型混凝土是可以安全使用的。)可知,根据Smedley的说法,消除行业成员的安全担忧是这些解决方案面临的主要挑战。故选D。
(4)目的意图题。根据第三段中的A Canadian company called CarbonCure,has found a way to inject(注入)concrete with carbon dioxide itself.Not only does this trap the carbon dioxide into the concrete,keeping it from running away into the atmosphere,but it also creates a super strong material called calcium carbonate,which reduces the total amount of concrete that needs to be used.(一家名为CarbonCure的加拿大公司已经找到了一种向混凝土中注入二氧化碳的方法。这不仅可以将二氧化碳困在混凝土中,防止其逃逸到大气中,而且还可以产生一种叫做碳酸钙的超强材料,从而减少需要使用的混凝土总量。)以及最后一段中Hopefully these new solutions to the environmental problems of concrete will soon be widely adopted.(希望这些解决混凝土环境问题的新方法能很快被广泛采用。)以及通读全文可知,本文介绍了建筑混凝土生产对环境的严重影响,以及一些公司和学者通过创新思维研究出新的建筑材料和生产方法,以减少混凝土生产过程中的二氧化碳排放,并推动建筑行业向更环保的方向转变。故文章的目的是介绍生产混凝土的新方法。故选C。
【点评】考查说明文。做题时要通读全文,把握大意,然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。
2.(2024春 越秀区期末) In today's digital era,social media users are increasingly coming across fake news online.This leads to the pressing issue:What causes people to fall for misinformation on the Internet?
According to researchers at the Penn State College of Information Sciences and Technology,users can easily fall into an echo chamber (回声室)—a sort of virtual space where users consume only one﹣sided news,eventually distrusting any opposing views. "We all tend to agree with the group opinion.Hence,people naturally get together with others who hold the same opinion," said Dongwon Lee,one of the researchers. "But if you're not cautious,there is a high risk of falling into an echo chamber."
To prevent this phenomenon,the researchers have crafted a novel tool,a game named ChamberBreaker,to help players resist echo chambers and reduce the rate of fake news spread.The fundamental approach employed by ChamberBreaker centers around a decision﹣making procedure that mirrors the creation of echo chambers.In ChamberBreaker,a player is tasked with trying to have community members fall into an echo chamber.To begin,the player is randomly assigned a situation that focuses on a health,political or environmental issue,and is presented with six pieces of news on that topic.Then,the player selects news that could cause the other members to fall into an echo chamber while at the same time maintaining their trust.If successful,the community members will fall into an echo chamber and the player will witness the resulting negative effects on the community.
After developing ChamberBreaker,researchers tested it with over 800 subjects to see if it raised awareness of echo chambers and changed news consumption behaviors.The researchers found that those who played ChamberBreaker were significantly more likely to state their intention to observe online information from more diverse perspectives and showed an increased awareness of the echo chamber phenomenon.
Ultimately,the researchers hope that their methodology can excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study related to information consumption.The application of tools like ChamberBreaker,which focuses on fostering analytical reasoning,may lead us towards a more informed online community.
(1)What can be learned about an online echo chamber?  B 
A.It encourages well﹣judged views.
B.It gathers like﹣minded individuals.
C.It functions as a virtual reality platform.
D.It serves as a tool for identifying fake information.
(2)What is ChamberBreaker's core method against echo chambers?  C 
A.Assignment of situations.
B.Trust﹣building exercises.
C.News selection strategy.
D.Community impact assessment.
(3)Which of the following can show ChamberBreaker's effectiveness?  A 
A.The results of scientific testing.
B.The theoretical framework of the game.
C.The description of the game procedures.
D.The common challenges faced during gameplay.
(4)What is the likely long﹣term effect of playing ChamberBreaker?  D 
A.Reducing news inquiry.
B.Encouraging passive reading.
C.Strengthening prejudiced views.
D.Enhancing critical thinking.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了在数字时代,社交媒体用户为什么容易陷入假新闻的陷阱,以及如何通过一款名为ChamberBreaker的游戏工具来识别和抵制网络上的回声室效应。
【解答】(1)细节理解题。根据第二段中"We all tend to agree with the group opinion.Hence,people naturally get together with others who hold the same opinion," said Dongwon Lee,one of the researchers. ("我们都倾向于认同群体观点。因此,人们自然会与持相同观点的人聚在一起,"研究人员之一Dongwon Lee说。)可知,在线回声室会聚集持有相同观点的个体。故选B项。
(2)细节理解题。根据第三段中The fundamental approach employed by ChamberBreaker centers around a decision﹣making procedure that mirrors the creation of echo chambers.In ChamberBreaker,a player is tasked with trying to have community members fall into an echo chamber.To begin,the player is randomly assigned a situation that focuses on a health,political or environmental issue,and is presented with six pieces of news on that topic.Then,the player selects news that could cause the other members to fall into an echo chamber while at the same time maintaining their trust. (ChamberBreaker采用的基本方法围绕着反映回声室创建的决策程序。在ChamberBreaker中,一名玩家的任务是试图让社区成员落入回音室。首先,玩家被随机分配一个关注健康、政治或环境问题的情况,并收到六条关于该主题的新闻。然后,玩家选择可能导致其他成员落入回音室的新闻,同时保持他们的信任。)可知,Chamber Breaker对付回声室的核心方法是新闻选择策略。故选C项。
(3)细节理解题。根据第四段The researchers found that those who played ChamberBreaker were significantly more likely to state their intention to observe online information from more diverse perspectives and showed an increased awareness of the echo chamber phenomenon. (研究人员发现,玩ChamberBreaker的人更有可能从更多不同的角度观察网络信息,并且对回音室现象的意识也更强。)可知,科学测试的结果可以显示ChamberBreaker的有效性。故选A项。
(4)推理判断题。根据最后一段Ultimately,the researchers hope that their methodology can excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study related to information consumption.The application of tools like ChamberBreaker,which focuses on fostering analytical reasoning,may lead us towards a more informed online community. (最终,研究人员希望他们的方法能够激发人们对与信息消费相关的科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。像ChamberBreaker这样专注于培养分析推理能力的工具的应用,可能会引导我们走向一个信息更灵通的在线社区。)可知,这意味着玩Chamber Breaker的长期效应可能是增强批判性思维。故选D项。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。
3.(2024春 建平县校级期末)This fall,students at the University of Massachusetts found a new menu at their canteens:the "diet fora cooler planet" menu.This meant herb﹣roasted lamb,raised with a carbon﹣friendly approach.It included sweet potatoes that had been picked from a local farm's field.The options were plant﹣heavy,locally grown,and involved little or no packaging.
"We wanted to let students participate in climate action by making choices about their food," says Kathy Wicks,sustainability director for UMass Dining.The university is not alone in this effort.Increasingly American consumers and institutions are thinking about how their food choices impact climate change.For many,small choices at the grocery store and restaurant can be more accessible than big﹣ticket options like buying a fuel﹣efficient car.
Small changes in eating habits may make a big difference.Studies point to the food system as a significant cause of global warming.According to Project Drawdown,a research organization that evaluates climate solutions,the way food is grown,transported,and consumed accounts for about 1/4 of the world's greenhouse gas emissions (排放).Beef is a regular target. "If,on average,Americans cut 1/4 pound of beef per week from their diet,it's like taking 10 million cars off the road a year," says Sujatha Bergen,director of health campaigns for the Natural Resources Defense Council.Food waste ranks third among climate solutions.While much waste occurs before consumers are involved,Americans also throw out a lot of food they have purchased:about ﹩ 1,600 worth a year per family of four.
"People are beginning to understand that their food choices have a big impact on climate," says MeganLarmer,director of regional food at the Glynwood Center for Regional Food and Farming in New York.But she adds that substantial change will need to come from the whole food system.
(1)What is the purpose of the new menu at the University of Massachusetts?  C 
A.To market the cold dishes.
B.To reduce the cost of packaging.
C.To raise low carbon awareness.
D.To popularize the plant﹣heavy diet.
(2)What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?  A 
A.Food choices matter much to global warming.
B.Food is a decisive factor for climate change.
C.Universities are working together in climate action.
D.Fuel﹣efficient cars are not affordable for consumers.
(3)What does Sujatha Bergen say about beef?  D 
A.It plays a significant role in American's diet.
B.It is popular among millions of car drivers.
C.It has no relationship with gas emission.
D.It has great influence on carbon reduction.
(4)Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?  B 
A.Food System Reform:A Successful Trial
B.Low Carbon Diet:A trend,or More?
C.Carbon Emission:A Killer,or Healer?
D.Global Warming:An Approaching Danger
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们可以通过选择低碳食物对气候变化做出贡献。
【解答】(1)推理判断题。根据第一段This fall,students at the University of Massachusetts found a new menu at their canteens:the "diet fora cooler planet" menu.This meant herb﹣roasted lamb,raised with a carbon﹣friendly approach.It included sweet potatoes that had been picked from a local farm's field.The options were plant﹣heavy,locally grown,and involved little or no packaging.(今年秋天,马萨诸塞大学的学生们在他们的食堂里发现了一份新菜单:"为了更凉爽的星球的饮食"菜单。这意味着香草烤羊肉,以碳友好的方式饲养。其中包括从当地农场采摘的甘薯。选择是植物重,当地种植,并涉及很少或没有包装。)和第二段中的"We wanted to let students participate in climate action by making choices about their food," says Kathy Wicks,sustainability director for UMass Dining.("我们想让学生通过选择食物来参与气候行动,"马萨诸塞大学餐饮部可持续发展主管凯西 威克斯(Kathy Wicks)表示。)可知,马萨诸塞大学推出新菜单的目的是提高学生的低碳生活意识,故选C。
(2)推理判断题。根据第二段中的Increasingly American consumers and institutions are thinking about how their food choices impact climate change.For many,small choices at the grocery store and restaurant can be more accessible than big﹣ticket options like buying a fuel﹣efficient car.(越来越多的美国消费者和机构正在思考他们的食物选择如何影响气候变化。对于许多人来说,在杂货店和餐馆做出的小选择比买节能汽车这样的高价选择更容易获得。)可知,食物选择影响气候变化,比起节能汽车等昂贵的物品来说,食物选择是人们更容易做到的,由此可推知,食物选择对全球变暖意义重大。故选A。
(3)细节理解题。根据第三段中的"If,on average,Americans cut 1/4 pound of beef per week from their diet,it's like taking 10 million cars off the road a year," says Sujatha Bergen,director of health campaigns for the Natural Resources Defense Council.Food waste ranks third among climate solutions.("如果美国人平均每周从他们的饮食中减少1/4磅牛肉,这就相当于每年减少1000万辆汽车上路,"自然资源保护委员会健康运动主任Sujatha Bergen说。)可知,牛肉对减少碳排放量有很大的影响。故选D。
(4)标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其是第三段中的Small changes in eating habits may make a big difference.Studies point to the food system as a significant cause of global warming.(饮食习惯的微小改变可能会带来很大的不同。研究指出,食物系统是全球变暖的一个重要原因。)和最后一段中的People are beginning to understand that their food choices have a big impact on climate(人们开始明白,他们的食物选择对气候有很大的影响。)可知,文章主要介绍了人们可以通过选择低碳食物对气候变化做出贡献。因此,选项B.Low Carbon Diet:A trend,or More?(低碳饮食:是趋势,还是更多?)适合做文章标题。故选B。
【点评】阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点。
4.(2023秋 武强县校级期末)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
From learning about protecting wild animals and natural habitats to reading about the effects of recycling,books are perfect for showing people how to get involved.Here are four of such books.
Tall Trees
Describing the wildlife that lives in Northern California's redwood forests,it turns story time into a counting lesson as readers count all the creatures in the forests.Readers will also love remembering Tony Frederick's playful poetry about the animals of the forest.
Save the Bees
Bethany Stahl has a whole series of "Save the..."books,and they all have great lessons for readers.The explanations are fun and perfect for animal lovers who want to learn how to make a difference.On her website,she even has links to free books,which are great resources for parents or teachers.
My Friend Earth
The message of this book,written by Patricia MacL achlan,is beautiful and simple,encouraging kids to learn about Earth and all that it does.It has a cute die﹣cut(模切) design,which is fun for little hands to explore,although those under 4 might need some help.It covers a wide range of topics and will help kids gain an appreciation for everything from rain and wind to bears and birds.
Thank You,Earth
The author of this book,April Pulley Sayre,has written many award﹣winning books,and this one is truly special.It was written in a letter format(格式),thanking Earth for so many great natural moments.You'll find beautiful pictures in this book.
(1)Whose book includes poems about wildlife?  D 
A.April Pulley Sayre's.
B.Bethany Stahl's.
C.Patricia MacLachlan's.
D.Tony Frederick's.
(2)Which book can provide children with a hands﹣on experience?  C 
A.Tall Trees.
B.Save the Bees.
C.My Friend Earth.
D.Thank You,Earth.
(3)What is special about the last book?  B 
A.It has a special theme.
B.It is in the form of a letter.
C.It is based on real events.
D.It targets at teenagers.
【答案】DCB
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本有关保护动物和环保的书。
【解答】(1)细节理解题。根据Tall Trees一节中Readers will also love remembering Tony Frederick's playful poetry about the animals of the forest.(读者也会喜欢回忆Tony Frederick关于森林动物的俏皮诗歌)可知,Tony Frederick的书中有关于野生动物的诗。故选D。
(2)细节理解题。根据My Friend Earth一节中It has acute die﹣cut (模切) design,which is fun for little hands to explore,although those under 4 might need some help.(它有锐利的模切设计,小孩子可以很有趣地探索,尽管4岁以下的孩子可能需要一些帮助)可知,My Friend Earth一书可给孩子们提供动手体验。故选C。
(3)细节理解题。根据Thank You,Earth一节中The author of this book,April Pulley Sayre,has written many award﹣winning books,and this one is truly special.It was written in a letter format (格式),thanking Earth for so many great natural moments. (这本书的作者,April Pulley Sayre,写过很多获奖的书,这本书真的很特别。它是以信件的形式写的,感谢地球给了我们这么多伟大的自然时刻)可知,最后一本书的特色是使用了书信格式。故选B。
【点评】阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点。
5.(2024春 阿勒泰地区期末) Macquarie Island is a tiny island that's part of Australia.It's about halfway between New Zealand and Antarctica.The island's been made a world heritage area because it's so untouched,but this unique environment is under threat from some unwanted visitors.
It all started when seal hunters came to the island in the early 1800s.They brought rabbits with them as a source of food for the journey,and also on board the ships were rats and mice,which made their way onto the island too.They're being blamed for destroying the homes of marine birds,causing soil loss and ripping up plant cover,as these before﹣and﹣after photos show.
So what's being done about the problem?It starts with a team of helicopters that fly across the island carrying these giant containers.Inside them are poisoned pellets (有毒饲料) which are dropped and spread across the island.For any rabbits that survived the baiting (诱饵) ,there's a plan.
B.This special team of dogs is being put through a final training.It'll be their job to track down any remaining rabbits.They have to also learn to behave around the island's native wildlife.The dogs could be here for years or until the task is complete.The dogs don't actually kill the rabbits.They find them,then the hunters decide to either catch the rabbits or shoot them.
But the program has received a bit of criticism.Some people argue 25 million dollars is a lot of money to be spending on wiping out rabbits and rodents (啮齿目动物),and in the process,some native birds will be killed because of the baiting.
The reality is the problem isn't going to be solved overnight.The people running the program say that even if one pair of rabbits is left alive,the whole task will be seen as a failure,which means these guys could be here for a long time,trying to ensure that this precious island remains protected from pests.
(1)Who are these unwanted visitors?  D 
A.Seal hunters.
B.Marine wildlife.
C.Native birds.
D.Foreign species.
(2)What do the underlined words "ripping up" mean in paragraph 2?  B 
A.Advancing.
B.Destroying.
C.Dividing.
D.Balancing.
(3)What is being done to solve the problem of unwanted visitors on Macquarie Island?  A 
A.Poisoned pellets are being dropped on the island from helicopters.
B.A team of hunters is being trained to catch or shoot rabbits.
C.Native birds are being protected from the unwanted visitors.
D.A special team of dogs is being sent to kill the rabbits.
(4)What is the goal of the program?  C 
A.To spend as little money as possible.
B.To protect native birds from the unwanted visitors.
C.To ensure that no pair of rabbits survive on the island.
D.To train dogs to track down the rabbits on the island.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇说明文,文章旨在介绍和解释Macquarie Island上兔子和啮齿类动物泛滥的问题以及采取的解决方案。
【解答】(1)推理判断题。根据第一段but this unique environment is und