【期末押题预测】期末核心考点 说明文阅读理解（含答案与解析）2024-2025学年人教版（2019）英语高一下学期

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
期末核心考点 说明文阅读理解
一．阅读理解（共15小题）
1．（2024秋 朝阳期末） As a student at Howard University in Washington，D.C.，Martino Wilkerson had to be at his lifeguard job at 5：15 am，and his bicycle was his key transport.Wilkerson is among870，000 people who bike to work.
While the data show that only 0.6% of Americans bike to work，supporters of cycling say"active transportation"will，in the long run，increase income（收入），save money，and help economic growth.
Studies in Bicycling Means Business show that cycling﹣related activities add nearly ＄140 billion into our national economy，providing 1 million jobs and＄18 billion in tax revenue.
The effect on individuals can be even greater.A study reports that the average yearly cost of a car is ＄9，881.Further，its research shows that families that earn less than＄70，000 a year spend nearly 20% of their income on transportation."So if you can change that，or even cut that expense in half，you have just made a more affordable city for yourself to live in，"says Mike Sule，director of Asheville on Bikes.
It's why D.C.'s decision six years ago to teach all second graders to ride a bike is not only about health and fun but also about the economy.The program is the idea of Miriam Kenyon，director for fitness education.The idea for the program came when she invited a local group to teach bike safety and discovered that a significant percentage of children as old as 10 didn't know how to ride a bike.
"Children who learn to ride bikes early tend to stick with it through their whole life and become healthier adults.Furthermore，the public health effect is also an economic effect for the society，"says Jenny Liu，professor at the Toulan School."If we have healthier people who are more active，it obviously drives the costs of health care down."
（1）Why is Martino Wilkerson mentioned in paragraph 1？ 　 　
A.To lead in the topic.
B.To tell an interesting story.
C.To express the concern for bikers.
D.To show a wrong point.
（2）How can riding a bike do good to individuals according to Mike Sule？ 　 　
A.It saves them energy.
B.It keeps them healthier.
C.It frees them from traffic jams.
D.It cuts down their living cost.
（3）What made Kenyon get the idea of teaching second graders to bike？ 　 　
A.A lesson.
B.A car accident.
C.A lifeguard job.
D.A bill.
（4）What is Jenny Liu's attitude towards kids' riding bikes？ 　 　
A.Unclear.
B.Doubtful.
C.Positive.
D.Uncaring.
2．（2024春 泉州期末） Active learning is a method that has students learning at its centre and fully participating in class activities.It focuses on not only the content but also the way they learn.Students are encouraged to "think hard"，practice skills，solve problems，struggle with complex questions，propose solutions，and explain ideas in their own words through writing and discussion，rather than receive information inactively from the teacher.
Active learning is based on the Theory of Constructivism（建构主义理论），which stresses the fact that learners build their own understanding upon their existing knowledge.Researchers also believe that learning should be closely connected and within a meaningful context.Besides，learning experiences for young people should be appropriate to their level of development.
There is now a wealth of research that shows us that simply telling students what they need to know doesn't help them to gain a deep understanding of a subject area.Instead，teachers should challenge their students' thinking.Teachers should also keep students engaged and active in their own learning process so as to build students' knowledge and understanding.
By giving students greater involvement and control over their learning，active learning increases students' interest and develops their learning ability.This means that students are better able to continue learning once they have left school and college.It also prepares students better for both higher education and for the workplace because analytical（分析的） skills help them to be better at solving problems.Universities and employers value this.
Since an active learning method encourages all students to stay focused on their learning，teachers will often see students show greater interest in their studies.They also enjoy the level of academic discussion with their students which an active learning approach encourages.
（1）What is the purpose of paragraph 2？ 　 　
A.To advocate active learning.
B.To further explain active learning.
C.To present application of active learning.
D.To evidence the effects of active learning.
（2）How should teachers promote active learning in students？ 　 　
A.By offering ideas.
B.By giving explanation.
C.By feeding information.
D.By encouraging thinking.
（3）What can be a benefit of active learning？ 　 　
A.Higher education admission rate.
B.Better life﹣long learning ability.
C.Fewer complex questions while studying.
D.Greater teacher control over students"learning.
（4）Which aspect of active learning does the passage focus on？ 　 　
A.Its features.
B.Its rules.
C.Its background.
D.Its development.
3．（2024春 厦门期末） We all remember that first cry at the movies.Whether they are tears of joy or sadness，it's quite astonishing that human emotion can be controlled by moving images on a screen.In fact，it all comes from a plan.But what about those heart﹣breaking stories…for kids？They seem not to sugarcoat the realities of the world.
Actually，many great kids' movies loaded with tragedy （悲剧）are purposefully meant to stir up kids' strong feelings.According to Aristotle，tragedy aids us in facing life's unsolvable issues through sensible thought.Therefore，the existence of tragedy in kids' movies is to teach kids to handle，to understand and to heal（治愈）.The hardest lesson for a child is how to deal with loss，especially if it's sudden.The cartoon classic The Lion King tells the story of Simba，who experiences the loss of his father.Kids see themselves in Simba's character.He has dreams.He has a desire to grow and be a part of a bigger world.But it is really heartbreaking to see the loss.
Why is a film like this so beloved when it makes kids cry？The lesson it teaches is to overcome hardships and to move forward.Hakuna Matata!Yes，the phrase from The Lion King is to teach kids it's okay to move on from tragic loss and not to let it define you.It's an important lesson we learned at a very young age.Sadness should not be ignored.It's important to feel sad，and that is why these films are so great.In Dumbo，Charlotte's Web and Bridge to Terabithia，we lose our beloved characters.This quite upsets kids，but it teaches them to accept sadness and makes something new out of it.
So，what is the message behind a sad kids' movie？It's meant to teach the audience，especially children，to gain their independence and how to free themselves from tragedy.It's like a cushion（缓冲垫）that separates stories from reality.It helps children deal with sad feelings when they come for real，or at least find relief by saying Hakuna Matata.
（1）Why does the author mention "first cry" in paragraph 1？ 　 　
A.To promote a movie.
B.To explain the reason.
C.To support an argument.
D.To introduce the topic.
（2）What does the underlined phrase "Hakuna Matata" in paragraph 3 mean？ 　 　
A.Defining sadness as a treatment.
B.Challenging oneself with tragic losses.
C.Seeking knowledge to enrich life.
D.Heading forward without being trapped.
（3）What can we learn from the last paragraph？ 　 　
A.Sad kids' movies help children to escape from reality.
B.Sad kids' movies prepare children for life struggles.
C.Children can learn to ignore sadness in tragedy.
D.Children can find a way to hide sad feelings.
（4）What is the best title for the text？ 　 　
A.Why Are Great Kids' Movies So Sad？
B.What Is the Power of Great Kids' Movies？
C.Life's Hardest Lesson：How Movies Inspire Us？
D.Moving Beyond Reality：What Kids' Movies Teach Us？
4．（2024秋 临潼区期末） An adult African elephant consumes about 223 liters of water and 3，080 pounds of roots，grass and fruit daily.That's like having 634 cans of soda and 1，200 hamburgers every day.This keeps them moving thousands of miles across Africa each year.Elephants usually migrate between March and May.Females live in groups with their children，and quickly run out of the food supply.They hit the road in search of food.Male elephants live alone，so they don't use resources as quickly as the females.Instead，they migrate during their mating cycle.When the females pack their trunks，so do the males.
During migration，elephants face short water supplies and extremely high temperatures.But people are their number﹣one problem.Poachers（偷猎者） kill 35，000 elephants each year for ivory.Many African farmers build fences（栅栏） to protect crops and cattle，which might block regular migration paths.Traffic roads affect elephant migration，too.During one study of 28 elephants in Central Africa，only one female crossed an unprotected road.
Scientists，wildlife organizations and governments cooperate to find solutions for Africa's elephants."To unlock the secret of where elephants move and how they move，we place collars（项圈）with a satellite unit inside，"Dr.Michael Chase says.GPS collars help map which routes elephants use most so that countries can establish protected elephant passages.
Locals come in as well.James Isiche，East Africa Director of the International Fund for Animal Welfare says，"We have got the community on our side by a project；they've agreed to partner with us to conserve elephants."The local community run wildlife parks to attract tourists."This project helps us take care of both the wildlife and our cows，""says Sikira，a tribal elder in Maasai，Kenya.Protecting elephant migration routes allows these gentle giants to survive.
（1）What can we learn about the elephants from paragraph 1？ 　 　
A.They show an interest in hamburgers.
B.They move south to survive the cold.
C.They migrate for different reasons.
D.Females live shorter for food shortage.
（2）What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about？ 　 　
A.Results of poaching.
B.Reasons for killing elephants.
C.Difficulties in migrating.
D.Efforts to protect migration paths.
（3）Why are collars applied by scientists？ 　 　
A.To discover the secret of migration.
B.To track elephants with technology.
C.To identify the population of elephants.
D.To explore a new route for migration.
（4）What is the best title for the text？ 　 　
A.Say No to Ivory
B.A Journey in Africa
C.Ready for the Move
D.Technology in Migration
5．（2024秋 石嘴山期末） STA Travel，the world's largest students and youth travel agency，beats any price!Every day we're working with our partners around the globe to get you （students，teachers and anyone under 26 ） the cheapest and most comfortable flights and top﹣rated accommodations.This part of www. provides great tips for green travel ﹣ how to pack，how to leave your house or apartment，and how to plan for your trips.You'll also find a great selection of green travel adventure trips to all corners of the world.
Green travel means responsible travel!Leave as little influence as possible on the places you visit and protect the environment both at home and during your trip.Think "Green" when you pack and when you travel.You'll help prevent long﹣term effects on the communities you leave and visit!Here's some advice on how to do that.
Before you leave
Turn your water heater to its lowest setting.
Turn off your water from the outside.
Unplug （拔去……的插头） electronics and appliances.
While you travel
Pack eco﹣friendly clothes in your eco﹣friendly luggage.
Don't buy souvenirs produced from endangered species：shells，feathers，or animal skins.
Carry a reusable bottle for water and refill it as you go.
（1）Green travelers care most about 　 　 .
A.Flight
B.accommodations
C.nature
D.prices
（2）What are the readers advised to do before they go on a trip？ 　 　
A.Try to leave little influence on the places they visit.
B.Make sure the electronics and appliances are plugged in.
C.Examine the water quality.
D.Examine the water supply.
（3）Where can we most probably read the text？ 　 　
A.On a travel website.
B.In a travel magazine.
C.On an environmental website.
D.In an environmental magazine.
6．（2024秋 石嘴山期末） Scientists have already established from multiple studies that Mars contains large amounts of water.Most of the water exists in the form of ice.Chinese researchers say they have built an artificial intelligence（AI） robot that can use materials found on Mars to produce catalysts （催化剂） to break down water and release oxygen.It could be another way for space travelers in the future to make much﹣needed oxygen on Mars.
Experiments were carried out on meteorites that either came from Mars or contained materials similar to the Martian surface.The "robot chemist" first used an acid and chemical mixture to separate and examine materials contained in the meteorites.It identified several different metallic elements and then worked to identify different molecules （分子） that could be produced from meteorite materials.The system found more than 3.7 million possible molecule combinations.The robot used that data to predict which catalysts would be able to split water molecules to produce oxygen.The catalyst chosen as the best fit was able to operate at minus 37 degrees Celsius.This temperature is similar to current conditions on Mars.
The study's lead writer，Jun Jiang，said that as a boy，he often dreamed of being able to one day travel in space. "So when we finally saw that the catalysts made by the robot could actually produce oxygen by splitting water molecules.I felt like my dream was coming true.I even started to imagine that I，myself，will live on Mars in the future."
A report explaining the study's results notes Jiang suggests that for every square meter of Martian material，his group's system could produce nearly 60 grams of oxygen per hour.The researchers say this level of production could remove the need for future astronauts to transport oxygen from Earth. "The robot can work continuously for years." Jiang said.
Jiang said， "It could also be used to produce other useful catalysts on Mars.This could include processes for making substances to support the growth of plants that could be used to produce food for astronauts.Different chemicals can be made by this robot.Mars might also not be the only place where it could find other used，suggesting the moon as another possibility."
（1）What do Chinese scientists use AI robots to do in the research？ 　 　
A.To collect water data from Mars.
B.To produce oxygen from water on Mars.
C.To explore the ice coverage on Mars.
D.To assist humans in settling down on Mars.
（2）Which aspect of the research does Paragraph 2 focus on？ 　 　
A.Its process.
B.Its scale.
C.Its result.
D.Its effect.
（3）Why does the author mention Jiang's dream？ 　 　
A.To explain the chemical reaction.
B.To advocate space travel.
C.To prove the success of the study.
D.To show the future life on Mars.
（4）What does Jiang stress in the last paragraph？ 　 　
A.The substances for growing plants on Mars.
B.The existence of oxygen on the moon.
C.The possible discovery of chemicals on Mars.
D.The potential application of AI robots.
7．（2024秋 甘肃期末） Hundreds of years old and with a proud Scottish history，reeling（里尔舞） is a type of country dancing that is still popular.Performed by young and old dancers，it often involves at least two couples in each set.A couple is two individual people，either male or female，dancing together.
Scottish reeling is usually quite quick with dancers and couples changing positions，joining and linking with others and having to learn lots of fun moves and routines.It might look complicated to learn，but with practice you can soon pick up the basics.You learn from experienced dancers who will slowly walk you through the steps.
Reeling also means the type of traditional music that accompanies the dances.An accordion（手风琴） often sets the tune for dances.A violin，piano and drums can also be used.
Two of the basic types of steps are travelling and setting steps.Travelling steps move dancers around and include precise hops，skips and placing your feet in certain positions.Setting steps are used for dancing on the spot and typically require a dancer to take a small step to the side，then bring their other foot over and change weight to their other leg.
The circle is an easy dance move.Dancers in a set join hands in a circle and dance round to the left，before going back the other way to finish where they started.This is also known as the hands round﹣a "four hands round" is done by four dancers，a "six hands round" by six dancers.Other dance moves include the cast，corners，hands across and rights and lefts.You need to keep in time with the music as you dance，which is helped by following what your partner or the other people in your set do.
Go to /TWJ﹣reeling to know more about this amazing dancing.
（1）At least how many dancers are needed to perform reeling？ 　 　
A．Two.
B．Four.
C．Six.
D．A hundred.
（2）Which is the least common music instrument in a reeling dancing party？ 　 　
A．A guitar.
B．A piano.
C．An accordion.
D．A violin.
（3）What do setting steps require a dancer to do？ 　 　
A．Hop and skip precisely.
B．Move another dancer around.
C．Join hands in a circle and dance.
D．Take a step to the side and then bring the other foot over.
（4）What is the purpose of this passage？ 　 　
A．To promote a traditional dancing.
B．To state the importance of reeling.
C．To introduce two basic dance moves.
D．To encourage people to enjoy dancing.
8．（2024秋 甘肃期末） Doctors in Balti ore have carried out the first successful transplant （移植） of a pig's heart into a 57﹣year﹣old man.It's hoped that the operation could make transplants accessible for many more people in need.
The pig was bred by a US medical company called Revivicor，whose experts made changes to its heart so it would suit a human body.Pigs are particularly suitable for transplants to humans because their organs are of a similar size and shape to human ones.Individual heart valves （瓣膜） from pigs and cows have been used in surgery since the 1970s.
In order to produce a complete heart suitable for a human body，Revivicor raised a donor animal with 10 modified pig genes and six human ones.Genes are complex chemicals carrying instructions that tell living things how to grow and develop.In this case the genes ensured that the pig's heart would adapt to its new body―to stop the body's natural defences from rejecting it—and that the heart would keep repairing itself.On the morning of 7 January，the pig's heart was taken to the hospital for a seven﹣hour operation led by surgeon Bartley Griffith.The patient is said to be recovering well.
Over 100，000 people in the world need an organ transplant，but there aren't enough human donor organs.Scientists hope that pig organs could make up the numbers.Dr.Christine Lau from Revivicor said， "If we could use genetically engineered pig organs，they'd never have to wait.They could basically get an organ as they needed it."
Others，however，aren't happy about the surgery.PETA （People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals） is a group that campaigns for the rights of animals.In a tweet they said， "Pigs aren't tool sheds to be robbed.Harvesting their body parts and transplanting their organs into humans is extremely risky and WRONG."
（1）What does the underlined word "bred" in Paragraph 2 mean？ 　 　
A．Produced.
B．Raised.
C．Made.
D．Operated.
（2）What is the main idea of Paragraph 3？ 　 　
A．How the patient recovered from the heart transplant.
B．How genes helped the production of the suitable heart.
C．How the suitable pig heart was produced and transplanted.
D．How Revivicor produced the completely suitable heart to humans.
（3）Which of the following will PETA agree with？ 　 　
A．People can't rob pigs of their tools.
B．People should treat animals in a nice way.
C．People should make the most of animal organs.
D．People often transplant animal organs in a wrong way.
（4）Where is this article most probably from？ 　 　
A．A tourist brochure.
B．A science fiction.
C．A government report.
D．A science magazine.
9．（2024春 杭州期末） Life is busy.We're always expected to be productive and engaged，whether that's with parenting，housework，or work.While taking time for small rewards can feel like a luxury （奢侈） ，the truth is that it is necessary for improving our mental health.A key psychological idea behind this is the Premack Principle，which explains why treating ourselves is more than a tendency；it's a way to improve our daily lives.
In the 1960s，American psychologist David Premack developed a theory now known as Premack Principle.He explained that doing something you're more likely to do can be a reward for doing something you don't actually want to do.For instance，if you finish a task you're not interested in，like cleaning the bathroom，you can treat yourself to something you like，such as watching an episode of your favorite TV show.This approach takes advantage of our natural need for fun to help us get through tasks we might not enjoy.
Recent studies keep showing that giving yourself rewards can help improve your work and happiness.For example，Woolley and Fishbach discovered that getting rewards right away can make you more motivated because it links the reward directly with the task.What's interesting is that it's not about how big the reward is but how quickly you get it that matters.Another study by Landry and others found it's not the reward itself but rather how the reward makes people feel that helps them do their best.This makes sense because rewards boost our dopamine （多巴胺） levels，which plays a key role in how our brains feel pleasure.
The idea of giving ourselves "little treats" is not just about enjoying something；it's proof of how positive reinforcement can change our behavior and make us feel better mentally.By carefully using the Premack Principle and rewarding ourselves，we can find more motivation （动机） to face challenges and lead a happier life.It's okay to recognize and celebrate our efforts，big or small.
So，go ahead，give yourself that little treat.You've earned it.
（1）What is the Premack Principle？ 　 　
A.A tool to work out a long﹣term plan.
B.Away to complete tasks effectively.
C.A means to make boring tasks enjoyable.
D.A theory to explain how rewards improve happiness.
（2）According to Woolley and Fishbach，what helps to improve motivation？ 　 　
A.The type of tasks.
B.The immediate reward.
C.The size of the reward.
D.The level of dopamine.
（3）What might be a "positive reinforcement" according to paragraph 4？ 　 　
A.A cleanup.
B.Physical training.
C.Graduation ceremony.
D.A favourite snack.
（4）What is the most suitable title for the text？ 　 　
A.The Importance of Productivity
B.Motivation and Mental Health
C.The Premack Principle for Life
D.Dopamine and the Brain's Pleasure
10．（2024春 沙坪坝区校级期末） A broken heart and a sad ending to a long friendship.That's something most of us have experienced，or probably will.After all，it's part of human life.But the experience can be hard to get over.
But research shows there are pathways through the heartache.Listening to sad music is a major one.It can help you begin to feel joy and hopefulness about your life again.It can arouse （激起） the desire to connect with others.
Sad music can help heal （治愈） and uplift you from your broken heart.A recent study from Germany found the emotional influence of listening to sad music is an arousal of feelings of empathy （同情），and a desire for positive connection with others.That，itself，is psychologically healing.It draws you away from concentration on yourself，and possibly towards helping others in need of comfort.
Another experiment，from the University of Kent，found that when people were experiencing sadness，listening to music that was "beautiful but sad" improved their mood.In fact，it did so when the person first consciously accept the situation causing their sadness，and then began listening to the sad music.That is，when they intended that the sad music might help，they found that it did.
These findings link with other studies that show accepting your sad situation emotionally leads to healing and growth beyond it.It seems unbelievable but it does make sense.For example，research from Cornell University found that accepting discomfort about a life experience or new situation，and viewing it as a step towards growth and change，encourages people to find a pathway through it，beyond it.As Churchill famously said， "If you're going through hell，keep going." That discomfort points you towards creating a plan，a new action.It brings hope.
（1）What can we learn from Paragraph 3&4？ 　 　
A.Sad music can make people help others.
B.Sad music can make sad people feel better.
C.Sad music can make people believe in themselves.
D.Sad music can make people concentrate on themselves.
（2）What does the phrase underlined in the last paragraph mean？ 　 　
A.Hearing a swear word used by enemies.
B.Avoiding a place to go after death.
C.Getting an extremely pleasant time.
D.Having an unbearable experience.
（3）How does the author develop this article？ 　 　
A.By listing figures.
B.By giving directions.
C.By presenting research findings.
D.By comparing examples.
（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the article？ 　 　
A.How to Find Pathways through Heartaches
B.How We React to a Broken Heart Matters a Lot
C.What We Can Do to Overcome Discomfort in Life
D.Why Listening to Sad Music Heals Your Broken Heart
11．（2024春 成都期末） When Diane Gayeski，a professor at Ithaca College，receives an essay from one of her students，she runs part of it through a computer program.It is an AI tool to suggest how to improve the work.She shows her students the results and how the tool rewrote their essay.She also asks her students to do the same：run their draft through the program to see where they can make improvements.
AI is reshaping education.Both teachers and students are using the new technology.It's reported that half of college students used AI tools in Fall，2023.At the same time，while fewer teachers used AI，the percentage grew to 22% in the fall of 2023.It is up from 9% in spring2023.
But while some schools have formed policies on how students can or can't use AI for schoolwork，many do not have guidelines for teachers.The practice of using AI by teachers also raises moral problems.And parents and students who are already spending hundreds of thousands of dollars on college are wondering if it is worth the time and money.
AI would allow teachers to grade papers more effectively and consistently.It can process and grade papers much faster than a human，allowing for quicker feedback（反馈） and avoiding human emotions.But Leidner，a professor at the University of Virginia noted when it came to smaller classes or assignments with less definitive answers，grading should be done by teachers to get to know more about a student's work.She also said it would not be right to upload the material into the AI.The students need to be aware of this in advance.
Some schools are actively working on policies for both teachers and students.Nicolas Frank，a professor of philosophy at University of Lynchburg worries it's too early.He is also concerned that some school leaders may oversimplify the problems with AI use.
Leidner，meanwhile，said universities must also be open to "regularly checking and reconsidering as the technology and uses develop."
（1）What do the numbers in the second paragraph indicate？ 　 　
A.AI is developing fast in colleges.
B.AI is overused by college students and teachers.
C.AI has been used by more and more college students and teachers.
D.AI has caused many problems between college students and teachers.
（2）What potential problem has AI used in college brought？ 　 　
A.Economic crisis.
B.Moral concerns.
C.Emotional problems.
D.Interpersonal problems.
（3）What does the underlined word"consistently"in the fourth paragraph mean？ 　 　
A.Reliably.
B.Economically.
C.Creatively.
D.Correctly.
（4）Which of the following may Leidner agree？ 　 　
A.University leaders should simplify the problems with AI use.
B.Universities should work out policies for AI use immediately.
C.Universities should encourage students and teachers to use AI.
D.Universities should evaluate AI use at regular times as it advances.
12．（2023春 顺德区校级期末） Fumbling with the buttons to find a good song while driving has been linked to increased risk of crashes，but is listening to music risky？ "It depends on the music，" says a report published in the October issue of Accident Analysis & Prevention.
The study found teenage drivers who played their own music had significantly more traffic violations （违规） compared with background music designed by the researchers to minimize driving distractions，or no music.
Researchers at Ben﹣Gurion University in Israel recruited （招募） 85 drivers about 18 years old；just over half were male.The subjects were each assigned to drive six challenging road trips that were about 40 minutes long，accompanied by an experienced driving instructor.Music was played on four trips，two with selections from the drivers' playlists，mostly fast﹣paced vocals，and two with background music，which was a mixture of easy listening，soft rock and light jazz designed to increase driver safety.No music was played on two trips.Subjects rated their mood after each trip and in﹣car data recorders analyzed driver behavior and errors.
All 85 subjects committed at least three errors in one or more of the six trips；27 received a warning and 17 required steering or braking by an instructor to prevent an accident.When the music was their own，98% made errors；without the music，92% made errors；and while listening to the safe﹣driving music，77% made errors.Speeding，following too close，inappropriate lane use，and one﹣handed driving were the common violations.
The male subjects were more aggressive drivers and made more serious errors than female subjects.The teens played their own music at a very loud volume but significantly decreased the sound level when listening to the safe﹣driving music，researchers said.Mood ratings were highest on trips with driver﹣preferred music.
（1）What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1？ 　 　
A．Many drivers played their favorite music while driving.
B．Drivers shouldn't search for the buttons to find a good song.
C．Song selection has nothing to do with increased risk of crashes.
D．Listening to certain types of music can increase drivers' errors.
（2）What does the underlined word "subjects" refer to in this passage？ 　 　
A．Something being discussed.
B．People being written about.
C．People being tested.
D．Areas of knowledge or study.
（3）In the research，soft rock and light jazz are likely to 　 　 .
A．increase drivers' safety
B．add to the pleasure of driving
C．change drivers' idea of safe driving
D．lower drivers' guard against danger
（4）It can be inferred from the passage that in the research 　 　 .
A．the teens committed the most errors
B．the male were more skillful in driving
C．traveling with no music made the least errors
D．driver﹣preferred music increased the mood ratings
13．（2024春 袁州区校级期末） Childhood can bring a lot of awe （敬畏）.Research also suggests that awe is important in promoting well﹣being beyond our individual lives —it can encourage our children to care for others.
A recent study by researchers Eftychia Stamkou，Keltner，and their colleagues invited children aged 8﹣13 to take part in an experiment.In the awe group，children were offered a short part of a movie that features a child transformed into a seal （海豹） and exploring the sea while in the joy group，children were offered a short part of another movie where friends were celebrating.
Researchers measured children's kindness toward poor families by inviting children to support their food drive by spending as much time as they wanted in counting donated things，to make sure the poor got access to the donated food as quickly as possible.They also invited children to donate the reward they earned from taking part in the research （e.g.，a snack or a museum ticket） to a poor family.
The results？Children who watched the awe﹣inspiring video spent more time counting food donations and donated their rewards to poor families more often compared to the children who watched the joy﹣inspiring video.These findings highlight that awe﹣inspiring art can motivate children to be sympathetic toward people who have been forcibly displaced （离开家园） from their countries of origin.
As parents，we can also seek out everyday experiences of awe in our communities to share with our children，like wall paintings of the city scenery and folk art.Awe can be inspired by music，like the harmonious sounds of a wooden guitar and the beat of a drum.Awesome architecture，like symphony halls，museums，and even features like staircases，can be a way to experience awe with our children.
（1）What does the research find？ 　 　
A．Awe should be inspired early.
B．Awe helps kids be more generous.
C．Individual lives affect kids' health.
D．Training awe gives kids excitement.
（2）What do we know about the children in the experiment？ 　 　
A．They watched different movies.
B．They commented on the videos.
C．They were asked some questions.
D．They donated money to poor families.
（3）Why did the awe group support the food drive more？ 　 　
A．They learned this from a video.
B．They were motivated by the movie.
C．They liked to contribute to charity.
D．They were reminded by the homeless.
（4）What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph？ 　 　
A．Give reasons for feeling awe.
B．List experiences of awe.
C．Show benefits of awe to kids.
D．Appeal for developing awe in kids.
14．（2023秋 石家庄期末） "Long time no see."is a very interesting sentence.When I first read this sentence from an American friend's e﹣mail，I laughed.I thought it was a perfect example of Chinglish.
Obviously，it is a word﹣by﹣word literal translation（直译） of the Chinese greeting with wrong English grammar!Later on，my friend told me that it is a standard American greeting.I was too surprised to believe her.Her words were unbelievable at all.So I did research on .To my surprise，there are over 60 thousand web pages containing "Long time no see."Though it is sort of informal，it is part of the language that Americans use daily.Interestingly，if you type this phrase in Microsoft Word，the software will tell you that the grammar needs to be corrected.
Nobody knows the origin of this Chinglish sentence.Some people believe that it came from Charlie Chan's movies.In the 1930s，Hollywood movie makers successfully created a worldwide famous Chinese detective（警探）named"Charlie Chan"on wide screens.Detective Chan liked to teach Americans some Chinese wisdom by quoting Confucius."Long time no see."was his symbol.Soon after Charlie Chan，"Long time no see."became a popular expression in America thanks to the popularity of these movies.
Some scholars compare America to a huge melting pot.All kinds of cultures are mixed in the pot together，and they change the color and taste of each other.Language is usually the first thing to be influenced in the mixed pot.
You can have some examples from other countries，such as pizza from Italian，sushi from Japanese，and Déjà vu from French etc.There is a long list!Since Americans admire Chinese culture more and more nowadays，I believe more Chinese words will become American English in the future.In this way，the American's melting pot keeps adding richness.
（1）Why did the writer himself feel surprised？ 　 　
A."Long time no see."is a Chinglish expression.
B.He's found Americans use the expression formally every day.
C.So many literal translations of expressions are used in America.
D."Long time no see."is used as a standard American English greeting.
（2）What do the underlined words"a huge melting pot"in paragraph 4 probably mean？ 　 　
A.A large boiling cooker.
B.Cross﹣cultural mixture.
C.A kind of cooked dish.
D.Confucius's famous words.
（3）What can be inferred from the passage？ 　 　
A.Detectives translated the phrase"Long time no see."
B.Cultures cannot be changed in the huge melting pot.
C.Hollywood probably made"Long time no see."popular.
D.The huge melting pot greatly affects all kinds of languages.
（4）What is the main idea of the passage？ 　 　
A.Some American expressions can be used in China.
B.Americans have a strong interest in Chinese culture.
C.American English keeps being enriched by different cultures.
D.Some Chinese daily expressions are introduced into English.
15．（2024春 曲靖期末）It seems there's nowhere left to run from the microplastic （微塑料的）pollution.A small pilot study recently took microplastics from one of Europe's most distant places，the French Pyrenees mountains，and found as many microplastics in the soil as you might expect from a big city like Paris.
The reason？The wind.Researchers now fear that our planet's winds can pick up microplastics from about anywhere and transport them around the world，sometimes in large quantities. "We'd kind of expected it in a city getting blown around，" said Steve Allen from the University of Strathclyde in the UK，one member of the team. "But way up there？We expected to find some， " he said. "We didn't expect to find so many."
Microplastics are pieces smaller than a fifth of an inch that have broken down from larger pieces of plastic.The forces of nature don't distinguish （区分）between materials like stones and rocks，and plastics.Wind and waves hit plastics and break them down just the same，making them into dust that can then get swept up by the gentle wind and into the atmosphere.It's a continuing environmental concern，as more and more microplastics find their way into our food and air.
The fact that microplastics can be found in large numbers even in distant places is a sign that is has become a global pollution problem.Steve Allen and his team set up collectors 4，500 feet up in the mountains for five months to trap plastic particles （粒子） as they fell to the Earth.The team found that an average of 365 plastic particles fell on their square meter collector daily.This included bits form plastic bags，plastic film and packaging material，among other plastic sources.Many of these materials were small enough to be breathed in without even realizing it.They're in the air，and they're everywhere.
（1）How did Steve Allen think of the finding？ 　 　
A．It was interesting.
B．It was surprising.
C．It was conflicting.
D．It was disappointing.
（2）What can we learn from Paragraph 3？ 　 　
A．How the wind spreads the microplastics.
B．How the microplastics come into being.
C．How the microplastic pollution appears.
D．How the wind makes the pollution serious.
（3）What do we know about the plastic particles？ 　 　
A．It is difficult to collect them.
B．They all come from big cities.
C．They are part of the air we breathe.
D．It is impossible to know their source.
（4）What is the text mainly about？ 　 　
A．Plastics have been found in the distant areas.
B．Plastics are proved to do great harm to the soil.
C．The microplastic pollution is worse in big cities.
D．Wind is carrying microplastics around the world.
期末核心考点 说明文阅读理解
参考答案与试题解析
一．阅读理解（共15小题）
1．（2024秋 朝阳期末） As a student at Howard University in Washington，D.C.，Martino Wilkerson had to be at his lifeguard job at 5：15 am，and his bicycle was his key transport.Wilkerson is among870，000 people who bike to work.
While the data show that only 0.6% of Americans bike to work，supporters of cycling say"active transportation"will，in the long run，increase income（收入），save money，and help economic growth.
Studies in Bicycling Means Business show that cycling﹣related activities add nearly ＄140 billion into our national economy，providing 1 million jobs and＄18 billion in tax revenue.
The effect on individuals can be even greater.A study reports that the average yearly cost of a car is ＄9，881.Further，its research shows that families that earn less than＄70，000 a year spend nearly 20% of their income on transportation."So if you can change that，or even cut that expense in half，you have just made a more affordable city for yourself to live in，"says Mike Sule，director of Asheville on Bikes.
It's why D.C.'s decision six years ago to teach all second graders to ride a bike is not only about health and fun but also about the economy.The program is the idea of Miriam Kenyon，director for fitness education.The idea for the program came when she invited a local group to teach bike safety and discovered that a significant percentage of children as old as 10 didn't know how to ride a bike.
"Children who learn to ride bikes early tend to stick with it through their whole life and become healthier adults.Furthermore，the public health effect is also an economic effect for the society，"says Jenny Liu，professor at the Toulan School."If we have healthier people who are more active，it obviously drives the costs of health care down."
（1）Why is Martino Wilkerson mentioned in paragraph 1？ 　A　
A.To lead in the topic.
B.To tell an interesting story.
C.To express the concern for bikers.
D.To show a wrong point.
（2）How can riding a bike do good to individuals according to Mike Sule？ 　D　
A.It saves them energy.
B.It keeps them healthier.
C.It frees them from traffic jams.
D.It cuts down their living cost.
（3）What made Kenyon get the idea of teaching second graders to bike？ 　A　
A.A lesson.
B.A car accident.
C.A lifeguard job.
D.A bill.
（4）What is Jenny Liu's attitude towards kids' riding bikes？ 　C　
A.Unclear.
B.Doubtful.
C.Positive.
D.Uncaring.
【答案】ADAC
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，骑自行车不仅有利于身体健康，还能带来经济效益。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段As a student at Howard University in Washington，D.C.，Martino Wilkerson had to be at his lifeguard job at 5：15 am，and his bicycle was his key transport.Wilkerson is among870，000 people who bike to work.（作为华盛顿霍华德大学的学生。C.Martino Wilkerson必须在早上5点15分开始他的救生员工作，他的自行车是他的主要交通工具。威尔克森是87万骑自行车上班的人之一。）以及第二段While the data show that only 0.6% of Americans bike to work，supporters of cycling say"active transportation"will，in the long run，increase income（收入），save money，and help economic growth（虽然数据显示只有0.6%的美国人骑自行车上班，但自行车的支持者表示，从长远来看，"主动交通"将增加收入，节省资金，并有助于经济增长。）可知，第一段讲Martino Wilkerson像其他很多人一样骑自行车去上班，后文继续讲骑自行车所带来的好处，所以其作用是引出话题。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段The effect on individuals can be even greater.A study reports that the average yearly cost of a car is ＄9，881.Further，its research shows that families that earn less than＄70，000 a year spend nearly 20% of their income on transportation."So if you can change that，or even cut that expense in half，you have just made a more affordable city for yourself to live in，"says Mike Sule，director of Asheville on Bikes.（对个人的影响可能更大。一项研究报告称，一辆汽车的平均年成本为9881美元。此外，其研究表明，年收入低于7万美元的家庭将近20%的收入用于交通。Asheville on Bikes的总监Mike Sule说："所以，如果你能改变这一点，甚至把费用减半，你就为自己建造了一个更实惠的城市。"）可知，骑自行车可以帮助人们降低生活成本。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据第五段It's why D.C.'s decision six years ago to teach all second graders to ride a bike is not only about health and fun but also about the economy.The program is the idea of Miriam Kenyon，director for fitness education.The idea for the program came when she invited a local group to teach bike safety and discovered that a significant percentage of children as old as 10 didn't know how to ride a bike.（这就是为什么华盛顿特区六年前决定教所有二年级学生骑自行车不仅是为了健康和乐趣，也是为了经济。该计划是健身教育主任米里亚姆 肯扬的想法。当她邀请当地一个团体教自行车安全时，她产生了这个项目的想法，并发现很大一部分10岁的儿童不知道如何骑自行车。）可知，在一堂有关骑车安全的课上，Miriam Kenyon发现很多10岁左右的孩子不会骑自行车，进而有了教二年级的孩子骑自行车的想法。故选A。
（4）观点态度题。根据最后一段 "Children who learn to ride bikes early tend to stick with it through their whole life and become healthier adults.Furthermore，the public health effect is also an economic effect for the society，"says Jenny Liu，professor at the Toulan School."If we have healthier people who are more active，it obviously drives the costs of health care down."（"早期学会骑自行车的孩子往往会坚持一辈子，成为更健康的成年人。此外，公共卫生的影响也是对社会的经济影响，"头兰学校教授Jenny Liu说。"如果我们有更健康、更活跃的人，这显然会降低医疗保健成本。"）可推断，Jenny Liu支持小孩骑自行车。故选C。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
2．（2024春 泉州期末） Active learning is a method that has students learning at its centre and fully participating in class activities.It focuses on not only the content but also the way they learn.Students are encouraged to "think hard"，practice skills，solve problems，struggle with complex questions，propose solutions，and explain ideas in their own words through writing and discussion，rather than receive information inactively from the teacher.
Active learning is based on the Theory of Constructivism（建构主义理论），which stresses the fact that learners build their own understanding upon their existing knowledge.Researchers also believe that learning should be closely connected and within a meaningful context.Besides，learning experiences for young people should be appropriate to their level of development.
There is now a wealth of research that shows us that simply telling students what they need to know doesn't help them to gain a deep understanding of a subject area.Instead，teachers should challenge their students' thinking.Teachers should also keep students engaged and active in their own learning process so as to build students' knowledge and understanding.
By giving students greater involvement and control over their learning，active learning increases students' interest and develops their learning ability.This means that students are better able to continue learning once they have left school and college.It also prepares students better for both higher education and for the workplace because analytical（分析的） skills help them to be better at solving problems.Universities and employers value this.
Since an active learning method encourages all students to stay focused on their learning，teachers will often see students show greater interest in their studies.They also enjoy the level of academic discussion with their students which an active learning approach encourages.
（1）What is the purpose of paragraph 2？ 　B　
A.To advocate active learning.
B.To further explain active learning.
C.To present application of active learning.
D.To evidence the effects of active learning.
（2）How should teachers promote active learning in students？ 　D　
A.By offering ideas.
B.By giving explanation.
C.By feeding information.
D.By encouraging thinking.
（3）What can be a benefit of active learning？ 　B　
A.Higher education admission rate.
B.Better life﹣long learning ability.
C.Fewer complex questions while studying.
D.Greater teacher control over students"learning.
（4）Which aspect of active learning does the passage focus on？ 　A　
A.Its features.
B.Its rules.
C.Its background.
D.Its development.
【答案】BDBA
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了主动学习是一种以学生为中心，充分参与课堂活动的方法。它不仅注重内容，还注重学习的方式。
【解答】（1）目的意图题。根据第二段Active learning is based on the Theory of Constructivism（建构主义理论），which stresses the fact that learners build their own understanding upon their existing knowledge.Researchers also believe that learning should be closely connected and within a meaningful context.Besides，learning experiences for young people should be appropriate to their level of development.（主动学习以建构主义理论为基础，强调学习者在现有知识的基础上建立自己的理解。研究人员还认为，学习应该紧密相连，并在一个有意义的背景下进行。此外，年轻人的学习经历应该适合他们的发展水平。）可知第二段的目的是进一步解释主动学习。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段By giving students greater involvement and control over their learning，active learning increases students' interest and develops their learning ability.（通过让学生更多地参与和控制自己的学习，主动学习可以提高学生的学习兴趣，发展学生的学习能力）可知教师应该通过鼓励思考来促进学生的主动学习。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章第四段By giving students greater involvement and control over their learning，active learning increases students' interest and develops their learning ability.This means that students are better able to continue learning once they have left school and college（通过让学生更多地参与和控制他们的学习，主动学习提高了学生的兴趣，发展了他们的学习能力。这意味着学生在离开学校和大学后能够更好地继续学习）可知主动学习的一个好处可以是更好的终身学习能力。故答案为B。
（4）细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Since an active learning method encourages all students to stay focused on their learning，teachers will often see students show greater interest in their studies.They also enjoy the level of academic discussion with their students which an active learning approach encourages.（由于积极的学习方法鼓励所有学生专注于他们的学习，老师经常会看到学生对他们的学习表现出更大的兴趣。他们也喜欢与学生进行学术讨论，这是一种积极的学习方法所鼓励的。）可知本文重点论述了主动学习的特征。故答案为A。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
3．（2024春 厦门期末） We all remember that first cry at the movies.Whether they are tears of joy or sadness，it's quite astonishing that human emotion can be controlled by moving images on a screen.In fact，it all comes from a plan.But what about those heart﹣breaking stories…for kids？They seem not to sugarcoat the realities of the world.
Actually，many great kids' movies loaded with tragedy （悲剧）are purposefully meant to stir up kids' strong feelings.According to Aristotle，tragedy aids us in facing life's unsolvable issues through sensible thought.Therefore，the existence of tragedy in kids' movies is to teach kids to handle，to understand and to heal（治愈）.The hardest lesson for a child is how to deal with loss，especially if it's sudden.The cartoon classic The Lion King tells the story of Simba，who experiences the loss of his father.Kids see themselves in Simba's character.He has dreams.He has a desire to grow and be a part of a bigger world.But it is really heartbreaking to see the loss.
Why is a film like this so beloved when it makes kids cry？The lesson it teaches is to overcome hardships and to move forward.Hakuna Matata!Yes，the phrase from The Lion King is to teach kids it's okay to move on from tragic loss and not to let it define you.It's an important lesson we learned at a very young age.Sadness should not be ignored.It's important to feel sad，and that is why these films are so great.In Dumbo，Charlotte's Web and Bridge to Terabithia，we lose our beloved characters.This quite upsets kids，but it teaches them to accept sadness and makes something new out of it.
So，what is the message behind a sad kids' movie？It's meant to teach the audience，especially children，to gain their independence and how to free themselves from tragedy.It's like a cushion（缓冲垫）that separates stories from reality.It helps children deal with sad feelings when they come for real，or at least find relief by saying Hakuna Matata.
（1）Why does the author mention "first cry" in paragraph 1？ 　D　
A.To promote a movie.
B.To explain the reason.
C.To support an argument.
D.To introduce the topic.
（2）What does the underlined phrase "Hakuna Matata" in paragraph 3 mean？ 　D　
A.Defining sadness as a treatment.
B.Challenging oneself with tragic losses.
C.Seeking knowledge to enrich life.
D.Heading forward without being trapped.
（3）What can we learn from the last paragraph？ 　B　
A.Sad kids' movies help children to escape from reality.
B.Sad kids' movies prepare children for life struggles.
C.Children can learn to ignore sadness in tragedy.
D.Children can find a way to hide sad feelings.
（4）What is the best title for the text？ 　A　
A.Why Are Great Kids' Movies So Sad？
B.What Is the Power of Great Kids' Movies？
C.Life's Hardest Lesson：How Movies Inspire Us？
D.Moving Beyond Reality：What Kids' Movies Teach Us？
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了电影中的悲剧情节，如《狮子王》中辛巴失去父亲的故事，旨在激发儿童的强烈情感，教会他们面对和处理生活中的困难与失落。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段We all remember that first cry at the movies.Whether they are tears of joy or sadness，it's quite astonishing that human emotion can be controlled by moving images on a screen.In fact，it all comes from a plan.But what about those heart﹣breaking stories…for kids？They seem not to sugarcoat the realities of the world.（我们都记得看电影时的第一次哭泣。不管是喜悦的泪水还是悲伤的泪水，人类的情感可以被屏幕上的移动图像所控制，这是非常令人惊讶的。其实这一切都来源于一个计划。但是那些令人心碎的故事呢……给孩子们的？他们似乎没有粉饰世界的现实。）可知作者在第一段中提到"第一次哭泣"来引出话题。故答案为D。
（2）猜测词义题。根据文章第三段Why is a film like this so beloved when it makes kids cry？The lesson it teaches is to overcome hardships and to move forward（为什么这样一部让孩子们哭泣的电影如此受人喜爱？它给我们的教训是克服困难，勇往直前。）可知划线词的意思是"勇往直前而不被困住。"。A.Defining sadness as a treatment.将悲伤定义为一种治疗；B.Challenging oneself with tragic losses.用悲惨的失败挑战自己；C.Seeking knowledge to enrich life.寻求知识来丰富生活；D.Heading forward without being trapped.勇往直前而不被困住。故答案为D。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段So，what is the message behind a sad kids' movie？It's meant to teach the audience，especially children，to gain their independence and how to free themselves from tragedy.It's like a cushion（缓冲垫）that separates stories from reality.It helps children deal with sad feelings when they come for real，or at least find relief by saying Hakuna Matata.（那么，悲伤儿童电影背后的信息是什么？它旨在教导观众，尤其是儿童，获得独立，以及如何从悲剧中解脱出来。它就像一个垫子，把故事和现实分开。这有助于孩子们处理悲伤的情绪，或者至少通过说Hakuna Matata来缓解。）可知悲伤儿童电影让孩子们为人生奋斗做好准备。故答案为B。
（4）标题归纳题。根据文章第二段Actually，many great kids' movies loaded with tragedy （悲剧）are purposefully meant to stir up kids' strong feelings（事实上，许多充满悲剧色彩的优秀儿童电影都是有意激起孩子们强烈的情感）可知本文主要讲述了电影中的悲剧情节，如《狮子王》中辛巴失去父亲的故事，旨在激发儿童的强烈情感，教会他们面对和处理生活中的困难与失落。因此本文的最佳标题是A.Why Are Great Kids' Movies So Sad？（为什么伟大的儿童电影如此悲伤？）。故答案为A。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
4．（2024秋 临潼区期末） An adult African elephant consumes about 223 liters of water and 3，080 pounds of roots，grass and fruit daily.That's like having 634 cans of soda and 1，200 hamburgers every day.This keeps them moving thousands of miles across Africa each year.Elephants usually migrate between March and May.Females live in groups with their children，and quickly run out of the food supply.They hit the road in search of food.Male elephants live alone，so they don't use resources as quickly as the females.Instead，they migrate during their mating cycle.When the females pack their trunks，so do the males.
During migration，elephants face short water supplies and extremely high temperatures.But people are their number﹣one problem.Poachers（偷猎者） kill 35，000 elephants each year for ivory.Many African farmers build fences（栅栏） to protect crops and cattle，which might block regular migration paths.Traffic roads affect elephant migration，too.During one study of 28 elephants in Central Africa，only one female crossed an unprotected road.
Scientists，wildlife organizations and governments cooperate to find solutions for Africa's elephants."To unlock the secret of where elephants move and how they move，we place collars（项圈）with a satellite unit inside，"Dr.Michael Chase says.GPS collars help map which routes elephants use most so that countries can establish protected elephant passages.
Locals come in as well.James Isiche，East Africa Director of the International Fund for Animal Welfare says，"We have got the community on our side by a project；they've agreed to partner with us to conserve elephants."The local community run wildlife parks to attract tourists."This project helps us take care of both the wildlife and our cows，""says Sikira，a tribal elder in Maasai，Kenya.Protecting elephant migration routes allows these gentle giants to survive.
（1）What can we learn about the elephants from paragraph 1？ 　C　
A.They show an interest in hamburgers.
B.They move south to survive the cold.
C.They migrate for different reasons.
D.Females live shorter for food shortage.
（2）What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about？ 　C　
A.Results of poaching.
B.Reasons for killing elephants.
C.Difficulties in migrating.
D.Efforts to protect migration paths.
（3）Why are collars applied by scientists？ 　B　
A.To discover the secret of migration.
B.To track elephants with technology.
C.To identify the population of elephants.
D.To explore a new route for migration.
（4）What is the best title for the text？ 　C　
A.Say No to Ivory
B.A Journey in Africa
C.Ready for the Move
D.Technology in Migration
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】这篇短文主要介绍了非洲大象的迁徙习性、面临的挑战以及保护措施。大象每天需要大量的水和食物，雌性和幼象通常集体生活，因食物短缺而迁徙寻找食物，而雄性大象通常独居，迁徙周期与交配期有关。人类活动，如偷猎、建设围栏和道路，严重威胁大象的迁徙路线。科学家、野生动物组织和政府合作，通过使用带有卫星单元的GPS项圈来研究大象的迁徙路线，以建立受保护的大象通道。当地社区也参与到大象保护项目中，通过运营野生动物公园吸引游客，既保护了大象也照顾了当地居民的生计。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段Females live in groups with their children，and quickly run out of the food supply.They hit the road in search of food.Male elephants live alone，so they don't use resources as quickly as the females.Instead，they migrate during their mating cycle.（雌性和它们的孩子一起生活，很快就会耗尽食物供应。他们出发去寻找食物。公象独自生活，所以它们消耗资源的速度不如母象快。相反，它们在交配周期内迁徙。）可知从第一段中我们可以了解到大象迁移有不同的原因。故选C。
（2）段落大意题。根据第二段During migration，elephants face short water supplies and extremely high temperatures.But people are their number﹣one problem.（在迁徙过程中，大象面临着缺水和极高的温度。但人是他们的头号问题。）可知文章第二段主要讲的是迁徙的困难。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"To unlock the secret of where elephants move and how they move，we place collars（项圈）with a satellite unit inside，"Dr.Michael Chase says.（"为了解开大象移动的位置和方式的秘密，我们在里面放置了一个带有卫星装置的项圈。"迈克尔 蔡斯说。）可知科学家要使用项圈是为了用科技追踪大象。故选B。
（4）标题归纳题。阅读全文可知这篇短文主要介绍了非洲大象的迁徙习性、面临的挑战以及保护措施。所以"C.Ready for the Move准备搬家"为最佳标题。故选C。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
5．（2024秋 石嘴山期末） STA Travel，the world's largest students and youth travel agency，beats any price!Every day we're working with our partners around the globe to get you （students，teachers and anyone under 26 ） the cheapest and most comfortable flights and top﹣rated accommodations.This part of www. provides great tips for green travel ﹣ how to pack，how to leave your house or apartment，and how to plan for your trips.You'll also find a great selection of green travel adventure trips to all corners of the world.
Green travel means responsible travel!Leave as little influence as possible on the places you visit and protect the environment both at home and during your trip.Think "Green" when you pack and when you travel.You'll help prevent long﹣term effects on the communities you leave and visit!Here's some advice on how to do that.
Before you leave
Turn your water heater to its lowest setting.
Turn off your water from the outside.
Unplug （拔去……的插头） electronics and appliances.
While you travel
Pack eco﹣friendly clothes in your eco﹣friendly luggage.
Don't buy souvenirs produced from endangered species：shells，feathers，or animal skins.
Carry a reusable bottle for water and refill it as you go.
（1）Green travelers care most about 　C　 .
A.Flight
B.accommodations
C.nature
D.prices
（2）What are the readers advised to do before they go on a trip？ 　D　
A.Try to leave little influence on the places they visit.
B.Make sure the electronics and appliances are plugged in.
C.Examine the water quality.
D.Examine the water supply.
（3）Where can we most probably read the text？ 　A　
A.On a travel website.
B.In a travel magazine.
C.On an environmental website.
D.In an environmental magazine.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了世界上最大的学生青年旅行社。它帮助游客制造一个无污染的绿色环保旅行，并就如何做到绿色旅行提出了几条建议。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。由本文第二段中的第二句话Leave as little influence as possible on the places you visit and protect the environment both at home and during your trip. （尽量减少对你所参观的地方的影响，并在家中和旅途中保护环境。）可知，绿色旅行者最关心的是大自然。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据Before you leave部分中的前两条Turn your water heater to its lowest setting.Turn off your water from the outside. （把热水器调到最低设置。关掉外面的水龙头。）可知，旅行之前读者被建议检查供水系统。故选D。
（3）文章出处题。由本文第一段STA Travel，the world's largest students and youth travel agency，beats any price!Every day we're working with our partners around the globe to get you （students，teachers and anyone under 26 ） the cheapest and most comfortable flights and top﹣rated accommodations.This part of www. provides great tips for green travel — how to pack，how to leave your house or apartment，and how to plan for your trips.（STA Travel，全球最大的学生和青年旅行社，胜过任何价格！每天，我们都在与全球的合作伙伴合作，为您（学生、教师和26岁以下的任何人）提供最便宜、最舒适的航班和顶级的住宿。www.的这一部分为绿色