2026届高考英语二轮复习：阅读 课件(共26张PPT)

(共26张PPT)
全文主旨大意题
2024·石家庄二模
体裁:说明文　
主题语境:运动与健康　
isometric exercise
　　When it comes to lowering blood pressure, studies have typically shown that aerobic (有氧的) exercises are best. Recent research suggests another type of physical activity is worth including as an effective tool to prevent and treat high blood pressure.
Exercises that engage muscles without movement, such as wall squats and planks, may be best for lowering blood pressure, according to a large study published in July, 2023 in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.
This type of training is known as isometric exercise, according to the Mayo Clinic. Isometric muscle action happens when muscles contract but do not visibly change length, and the joints involved don’t move, facilitating stability of the body. Isometric exercises can be done with weights or without, just relying on the body’s own weight.
“These findings provide a comprehensive data-driven framework to support the development of new exercise guideline recommendations for the prevention and treatment of high blood pressure,” said study coauthor Dr. Jamie O’Driscoll in a news release.
The researchers looked into randomized controlled trials that had reported the effects of exercise interventions, lasting two or more weeks, on blood pressure between 1990 and February 2023. From a review of 270 trials with 15,827 participants, the researchers found that among HIIT (high intensity interval training), isometric exercise, aerobic exercise, dynamic resistance training and a combination of the latter two, isometric exercise led to the greatest reductions in blood pressure.
It’s also important to note that there are other lifestyle changes as well as exercise that can benefit your blood pressure. These include keeping to a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, cutting down on salt, not drinking too much alcohol and ensuring that you continue to take any prescribed medication.
More research is needed to determine exactly why isometric exercises might be better for lowering blood pressure than other types of training, the authors said.
本文主要介绍的是一项新的研究表明在没有运动的情况下锻炼肌肉可能最适合降低血压。
全文翻译
在降低血压方面，研究通常表明有氧运动是最佳选择。然而，最近的研究表明，另一种体育活动也值得纳入预防和治疗高血压的有效手段之中。
7月发表在《英国运动医学杂志》上的一项大型研究表明，诸如靠墙静蹲和平板支撑等调动肌肉但不产生动作的锻炼，可能最有助于降低血压。
根据梅奥诊所的说法，这种训练被称为等长运动。当肌肉收缩但长度没有明显变化，且相关关节不移动时，就会发生等长肌肉运动，这有助于身体的稳定性。等长运动可以借助器械进行，也可以不借助器械，只需依靠自身重量。
研究的共同作者杰米·奥德里斯科尔在一份新闻稿中表示：“这些研究结果提供了一个全面的数据驱动框架，以支持制定新的运动指南，用于预防和治疗高血压。”
研究人员研究了1990年至2023年2月期间关于运动干预对血压影响的随机对照试验。对270项持续两到15.827周、涉及15,827名参与者的试验进行回顾后，研究人员发现，在高强度间歇训练（HIIT）、等长运动、有氧运动、动态阻力训练以及后两者的组合中，等长运动对降低血压的效果最为显著。
研究人员还指出，除了对血压有益的锻炼之外，还有其他一些生活方式的改变也能帮助降低血压。这些改变包括保持健康体重、均衡饮食、减少盐摄入、不过量饮酒，以及确保持续服用任何处方药物。
作者表示，还需要更多的研究来确定为什么等长运动在降低血压方面可能比其他类型的训练效果更好。
语篇结构梳理
引出话题：指出降低血压方面有氧运动常被认为最佳，但还有其他运动也有效。
研究成果：介绍研究表明等长运动（如靠墙静蹲、平板支撑）对降血压效果显著，阐述等长运动概念。
研究过程与其他建议：说明研究人员通过研究随机对照试验得出结论，还提及有益血压的生活方式改变。
研究展望：提出还需更多研究明确等长运动降血压效果好的原因。
语篇结构梳理
5.What does the underlined part “isometric exercise” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Exercise that is done with extra weights.
B. Exercise that involves visible muscle contraction.
C. Exercise that focuses on stability of the body.
D. Exercise that engages muscles without movement.
5. A选项Exercise that is done with extra weights：文中提到等长运动可借助器械也可不借助，并非特指借助额外重量进行的运动 ，A错误。
B选项Exercise that involves visible muscle contraction：等长运动肌肉收缩时长度无明显变化、关节不移动，并非有明显肌肉收缩，B错误。
C选项Exercise that focuses on stability of the body：稳定身体是等长运动的作用而非本质定义，C错误。
6.How did the researchers carry out the study
A. By providing statistics. B. By interviewing experts.
C. By doing experiments. D. By making comparisons.
隐含推断题。由第五段中的“研究人员对15 827名参与者的270项试验进行了回顾,发现在HIIT(高强度间歇训练)、等长运动、有氧运动、动态阻力训练以及后两者的结合中,等长运动能最大程度地降低血
压。”可知,此项研究是对以前的研究数据进行分析,通过比较得出的研究结论——等长运动能最大程度地降低血压,由此可知,该项实验是通过对比进行的。故选D项。
解析
6. A选项By providing statistics：提供统计数据是研究结果呈现方式，不是研究开展方式 ，A错误。
B选项By interviewing experts：文中未提及通过采访专家开展研究，B错误。
C选项By doing experiments：研究是对已有随机对照试验回顾分析，不是自己做实验，C错误。
7.What does the author suggest the future studies about isometric exercise focus on
A. Exploring the reasons for its effectiveness.
B. Demonstrating its influences on mental health.
C. Assessing its suitability for different populations.
D. Determining its long-term impacts on blood pressure.
细节理解题。根据尾段可知,接下来需要更多的研究确定为什么等长运动比其他运动更能降低血压,由此可知,作者建议未来关于等长运动的研究重点是探究其有效性的原因。故选A项。
解析
B选项Demonstrating its influences on mental health：文章未提及要研究对等长运动对心理健康影响，B错误。
C选项Assessing its suitability for different populations：文中没说要评估对等长运动对不同人群适用性，C错误。
D选项Determining its long-term impacts on blood pressure确定其对血压的长期影响，没有提及
8.What is the text mainly about
A. The benefits of aerobic exercises.
B. The best exercise for blood pressure.
C. The effects of various types of exercises.
D. The importance of keeping a healthy lifestyle.
全文大意题。首段第二句suggests后的内容是文章主旨: 另一种类型的体育活动值得作为预防和治疗高血压的有效工具。下文介绍该项研究的研究过程和分析结果,由此可知,本文主要讲述的是一项对降血压最好的运动。故选B项。
解析
A选项The benefits of aerobic exercises：文章重点不是有氧运动益处，而是等长运动对降血压作用，A错误。
C选项The effects of various types of exercises：文章虽涉及多种运动，但重点突出等长运动降血压效果，不是泛泛谈各种运动效果，C错误。
D选项The importance of keeping a healthy lifestyle：健康生活方式是附带提及内容，不是文章主要内容 ，D错误。
2024·昆明“三诊一模”　
体裁:说明文　
主题语境:现代技术　
an Inuit-developed app is helping local communities from Alaska to Greenland advance their self-determination
　　Few social networking platforms are known for inspiring positive social change these days, but an Inuit-developed app is helping local communities from Alaska to Greenland advance their self-determination.
Named SIKU after the Inuktitut word for “sea ice”, the app allows communities in the North to pull together traditional knowledge and scientific data to track changes in the environment, trace local wild foods, and make decisions about how to manage wildlife.
Over the years, SIKU has stepped forward in its development. Recently, the elders saw that the platform could help address a familiar challenge: sharing knowledge with younger people who often have their noses in their phones. In 2019, SIKU relaunched as a full-fledged social network—a platform where members can post photos and notes about wildlife sightings, hunts and sea ice conditions. The app operates in multiple languages, such as Inuktitut, Innu and Greenlandic. Since early 2024, over 25,000 people from at least 120 communities have made more than 75,000 posts on SIKU.
The app is also equipped with useful tools for life on the ice, including weather reports, sea ice forecasts, and other critical safety information. “When I go out on the land with family, we go a long distance, and the SIKU app can show which area we are in. It’s precise.” says Karen Nanook, who lives in Taloyoak, Nunavut.
The data held in SIKU is abundant and up to date, and communities are already using the app to inform important decisions. In 2021, for example, elders in Sanikiluaq were worried the local reindeer population had thinned, so the Hunters and Trappers Association used SIKU to survey hunters and look at recent reported harvest rates. The analysis led
the association to temporarily close the hunt to relieve pressure on the population and to reintroduce hunting slowly once the number of reindeer increased. This decision shows how Inuit can use the technology in combination with traditional wildlife management. “It’s part science and part Inuit knowledge. It can work both ways, instead of one dominating the other,” says Arragutainaq, a manager at the association.
本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一款名为SIKU的应用程序,它帮助北部社区收集传统知识和科学数据,跟踪环境变化,追踪当地野生食物,并决定如何管理野生动物。
全文翻译
如今，很少有社交网络平台因激发积极的社会变革而闻名，但一款因纽特人开发的应用程序正在帮助从阿拉斯加到格陵兰的当地社区推进他们的自主发展。
这款应用程序以因纽特语中“海冰”一词SIKU命名，它让北方的社区团结起来，结合传统知识和科学数据来追踪环境变化，追踪当地野生动物的情况，并就如何管理野生动物做出决策。
多年来，SIKU在其发展中不断进步。最近，长辈们看到这个平台在应对家庭挑战方面发挥了作用：与年轻人分享知识，这些年轻人往往在手机上有自己的想法。2019年，SIKU发展成为一个成熟的社交网络——一个成员可以发布有关野生动物目击、狩猎和海冰状况的照片和记录的平台。该应用程序支持多种语言，如因纽特语、伊努克语和格陵兰语。自2012年初以来，来自至少120个社区的人们在SIKU上发布了超过75,000条信息。截至2024年，超过25,000人使用该应用程序。
这款应用程序还配备了对冰上生活有用的工具，包括天气预报、海冰预报以及其他关键安全信息。“当我在陆地上走远时，SIKU应用程序可以显示我们所在的区域。它很精确。”住在努纳武特地区塔洛约克的卡伦·努努克说。
SIKU中的数据丰富且及时，各社区已经在使用这些数据为重要决策提供信息。例如，在2021年，萨尼奇卢阿克的长辈们担心当地驯鹿数量已经减少，于是猎人及捕猎者协会使用SIKU对猎人进行调查，并查看近期的捕猎收获率。分析结果促使该协会暂时关闭狩猎活动，以缓解驯鹿种群的压力，并在驯鹿数量增加后再慢慢恢复狩猎。这一决定展示了因纽特人如何将这项技术与传统的野生动物管理相结合。“它兼具科学和因纽特知识。它可以两种方式兼具，而不是一种主导另一种，”该协会的经理阿拉加蒂纳克说。
语篇结构梳理
引出主题：介绍一款因纽特人开发的应用程序SIKU，它能帮助当地社区推进自主发展。
功能阐述：说明SIKU可结合传统知识和科学数据追踪环境及野生动物变化，还能辅助做决策；介绍其发展为社交网络，支持多种语言及用户使用情况；提及配备冰上生活实用工具。
实例论证：通过萨尼奇卢阿克利用SIKU数据管理驯鹿狩猎的例子，展现其在辅助决策及结合传统管理方面的作用。
9.What do we know about SIKU
It traces data to do researches.
It gets tryout all over the world.
C. It allows people to post photos and notes.
D. It mainly focuses on traditional knowledge.
细节理解题。根据第三段第三句中的“a platform where members can post photos and notes about wildlife sightings, hunts and sea ice conditions”可知,SIKU允许人们发布照片和笔记。故选C。
解析
A选项It traces data to do researches：文中未提及用SIKU追踪数据是为了做研究 ，无中生有，A错误。
B选项It gets tryout all over the world：文中说的是应用于从阿拉斯加到格陵兰的社区，并非在全世界试用 ，B错误。
D选项It mainly focuses on traditional knowledge：SIKU结合传统知识和科学数据，并非主要关注传统知识 ，D错误。
10.What does the underlined word “full-fledged” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Well-developed. B. Time-saving.
C. Business-centered. D. Fancy-looking.
词句猜测题。第三段介绍SIKU在发展中取得了长足的进步。长辈们发现这个平台能与经常盯着手机的年轻人分享知识; 成员可以在这个平台上发布关于野生动物观察、狩猎和海冰条件的照片和笔记。由此可知, SIKU是一个完全成熟的社交网络,full-fledged在此处意为“完全成熟的”。故选A。
解析
B选项Time-saving：文中未提及节省时间相关内容，B错误。
C选项Business-centered：文章没说该平台以商业为中心，C错误。
D选项Fancy-looking：文中未对平台外观进行描述，D错误。
11.What is Karen’s attitude towards SIKU
A. Favorable. B. Doubtful.
C. Intolerant. D. Curious.
观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中的“the SIKU app can show which area we are in. It’s precise.”(SIKU应用程序可以显示我们在哪个区域。它非常精确。)可知,Karen对SIKU的态度是支持的。故选A。
解析
B选项Doubtful：卡伦提到应用程序能精准显示所在区域，是肯定态度，并非怀疑，B错误。
C选项Intolerant：文中未体现卡伦对SIKU有无法容忍的态度 ，C错误。
D选项Curious：卡伦话语体现的是对应用程序功能的认可，不是好奇 ，D错误。
12.What is the text mainly about
A. SIKU advocates the Inuit tradition.
B. SIKU promotes technological advances.
C. SIKU tracks changes in the environment.
D. SIKU helps local communities make decisions.
全文大意题。第一段but后提出主旨:一款因纽特人开发的应用程序正在帮助从阿拉斯加到格陵兰岛的当地社区推进他们的决定。第二段介绍该应用程序的名字: SIKU。由此可知,本文主要介绍SIKU帮助当地社区做出决策。故选D。
解析
A选项SIKU advocates the Inuit tradition：文章重点不是倡导因纽特传统，而是辅助社区决策等功能 ，A错误。
B选项SIKU promotes technological advances：文章未强调促进技术进步，B错误。
C选项SIKU tracks changes in the environment：追踪环境变化只是功能之一，不能概括全文，C错误。